RGUHS B.Pharm Important Questions (Question Bank)
Rajiv Gandhi University of Health sciences,Bengaluru
Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry
QP Code: 2629
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Question Bank
Chapter: Sources of Impurities and Limit Tests
2 Marks:
- Explain the principle for the limit test for Iron.
- Define limit test
- Write the principle and reactions involved in the limit test for sulphate.
- Write the use of citric acid and ammonia in Iron limit test.
- Role of acetic acid and ammonia in the limit test for heavy metals.
- What is the role of thioglycollic acid in iron limit test.
- Role of lead acetate cotton wool in arsenic limit test.
- What is a limit test? Why it is carried out?
- Reagents used in arsenic limit test.
- Ethanolic sulphate standard solution is used in limit test for sulphates. Give reason.
- How do you carry out the limit test for chloride and sulphates in KMnO4?
- Write the Preparation and use of Barium Sulphate reagent.
- What is the basis for fixing the limits for impurities?
- Why dilute nitric acid is used in the limit test for chloride?
- Differentiate between limit test and test for purity.
- Why ammonia is used in the limit test for iron?
- State the meaning of the term opalescence and turbidity.
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5 Marks:
- Write the principle, reactions and procedure involved in the limit test for iron.
- Write the principle and reactions involved in the limit test for Arsenic.
- Write the principle involved in the limit test for Sulphate.
- Write the principle and reactions involved in the limit test for sulphate.
- How do you carry out the limit test for chlorides in the given sample of sodium bicarbonate and sodium benzoate?
- Explain the principle and procedure for the limit test for sulphates.
- Write in detail the principle and reactions involved in the limit test for Arsenic.
- Give the principle and reactions involved in the limit test for sulphates.
- Give the principle and procedure involved in sulphate limit test.
- Write the principle involved in the limit test for Arsenic.
- Write the principle of limit test for lead.
- Write the procedure and principle with reactions for limit test for lead.
- Write the principle and reaction involved in heavy metals (IP) limit test.
- Give the principle, reactions involved in the limit test for Iron and Lead.
- Write in detail the principle, reactions and procedure for the limit test for Iron.
- Explain briefly the implications of impurities in the pharmaceutical substances.
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10 Marks:
- Describe the various sources of impurities present in pharmaceutical substances.
- Write briefly the different sources of impurities present in pharmaceutical substances.
- Explain the principle and procedure involved in the limit test of arsenic with a neat labelled diagram of Gutziet's apparatus.
- Give principle, procedure, reactions and role of reagents involved in the limit test foe a) Iron b) Lead based on IP 1996 method.
- Explain the various sources of impurities in pharmaceuticals. Discuss the importance of limit tests in quality control of pharmaceuticals.
- Write briefly the different sources of impurities present in pharmacopoeial substances.
- What are impurities? Explain different sources of impurities with examples.
- Write the procedure and principles for the limit tests for a) Sulphates b) Iron Describe the principle, apparatus and procedure for the limit test of arsenic.
- Define limit test? List out different limit test you have studied. Discuss in detail the limit test for sulphate and iron.
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Chapter: Medicinal Gases
2 Marks:
- Give any two medicinal uses for Nitrous oxide and Carbon dioxide.
- Name two medicinal gases with their uses.
- Give the uses of Oxygen and Carbon dioxide.
- Write the labelling and storage conditions for Oxygen, CO2, N2O
- Write the methods of preparation and uses of Nitrous oxide gas.
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Chapter: Gastrointestinal Agents
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2 Marks:
- What are antacids? Give examples.
- Give examples of gastrointestinal agent and protective agents.
- Give the method of preparation of Milk of magnesia.
- What is achlorhydria. Give its treatment.
- Define saline Cathartic give examples.
- Write the molecular formula and uses of Milk of Magnesia.
- Write the uses of aluminium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide.
- What are gastrointestingal protective and adsorbents? Give example.
- Write the composition and uses of kaolin.
- Chemical composition and uses of magnesium trisilicate.
- Write two uses of NaHCO3
- What are nonsystemic antacids
- Give the synonym of NaHCO3, MgSO4, milk of magnesia
- Define antacids. Give examples
- Classify gastrointestinal agents with examples.
- Write adverse events of antacids.
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5 Marks:
- Give the method of preparation and uses of Aluminium hydroxide gel.
- Define and classify antacids with examples. Add a note on combination antacid Therapy.
- Define cathartics. Give the preparation, assay and used of Magnesium sulphate.
- Write the method of preparation and assay of Aluminium hydroxide gel.
- What are GIT agents? Classify them with examples. Write a note on acidifiers.
- What are antacids? Classify them with examples. State requirements for an ideal antacid.
- Define and classify antacids? Discuss the preparation, assay principle and medicinal uses of Baking soda.
- Write the principle for the assay of magnesium hydroxide.
- What are saline cathartics? What is their mechanism of action?
- Enlist different antacids. Write the preparation and uses of aluminium hydroxide gel.
- What are antacids? Write the characteristics of an ideal antacid. Write the preparation of magnesium hydroxide mixture.
- Write a note on antacid combination therapy.
- Write the methods of preparation and assay principle of magnesium hydroxide mixture.
- What are antacids? Classify them with examples. Give the method of preparation and assay principle of Sodium bicarbonate.
- Write the method for preparation, assay and uses of Milk of Magnesia.
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10 Marks:
- What are Antacids? Classify them with examples. Give the ideal properties of antaids. Write the preparation, assay and uses of Sodium bicarbonate.
- What are Antacids? Classify them with examples. Give the ideal properties of antaids. Write the preparation, assay and uses of Aluminium Hydroxide.
- What are Antacids? Classify them with examples. Give the ideal properties of antaids. Write the preparation, assay and uses of Magnesium hydroxide.
- What are GIT agents? Write the principle and reaction for assay of sodium bicarbonate.
- What are GIT agents? Write the principle and reaction for assay of Aluminium hydroxide.
- What are GIT agents? Write the principle and reaction for assay of Magnesium hydroxide.
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Chapter: Topical Agents
2 Marks:
- What are protective and adsorbents? Give two examples.
- What are antimicrobial agents? Give examples.
- Why sulphuric acid is added in the assay of Hydrogen peroxide.
- What is the use of glycerine in boric acid assay?
- Give reason for the use of glycerine in the assay of boric acid.
- Define antimicrobial agent. List out the antimicrobial agents with molecular formula.
- Preparation of boric acid?
- Give reasons: Dilute sulphuric acid used in the assay of hydrogen peroxide.
- Give the composition and method of preparation of Iodine tincture.
- Mention various preparations of iodine and their use.
- What are antimicrobial agents? Give examples.
- Name two antimicrobials with their molecular formula.
- Write the molecular formula of boric acid and chlorinated lime.
- Write the synonym for bleaching powder and its uses.
- Write the molecular formula and uses of ZnO
- Write the molecular formula and uses of KMNO4
- Write the molecular formula and uses of Boric acid.
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5 Marks:
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- Write the principle involved in the preparation and assay of Hydrogen peroxide.
- Describe the various mechanism of action of inorganic anti-microbial agents.
- What are anti-microbials? Give the method of preparation and principle in the assay of boric acid.
- Give the preparation, assay and uses of boric acid.
- What are antimicrobials? Write a note on various iodine preparations.
- Write the preparation and uses of Chlorinated lime and boric acid.
- Explain the principle and reactions in assay of Chlorinated lime.
- Write the preparation, uses and principle involved in the assay of ?4.
- Describe the principle and procedure of assay of ZnO.
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Chapter: Dental Products
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2 Marks:
- Write about zinc eugenol cement.
- What are anticaries agents? Give examples.
- What is dental caries? Name two anticaries agents.
- What is desensitizing agents. Give examples.
- What is Dentifricing agents. Give examples.
- What are dental products? Classify them with examples.
- Write the composition and application of zinc eugenol cement
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5 Marks:
- Discuss the role of fluorides in dental caries.
- What are dentifrices? Classify them with example. Write a note on role of fluoride as anticaries agent.
- Preparation and medicinal uses of calcium carbonate and sodium fluoride.
- Describe the method of preparation and uses of any two dental products.
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Chapter: Miscellaneous Agents
2 Marks:
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- Define term antidotes. Give examples.
- What are haematinics? Give examples.
- Define emetics with examples.
- Give the chemical formula and medicinal use of sodium metabisulphite.
- Define expectorant and emetics Give examples.
- Give reasons: a) Potassium iodide is used in the assay of Copper sulphate b) HCHO used in the assay of Ammonium chloride.
- What are expectorants? Give an example.
- Barium sulphate meal.
- Write pharmaceutical uses of activated charcoal and sodium thiosulphate.
- Write the pharmaceutical importance of Bentonite powder.
- Give the composition and uses of Bentonite.
- Define antidotes with examples.
- Write the molecular formula and medicinal uses of sodium thiosulphate.
- What is Haematinics. Give examples.
- What are antidotes? Give the method of preparation and importance of activated charcoal.
- Write the synonym for ferrous sulphate and copper sulphate.
- What are pharmaceutical aids? Give examples.
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5 Marks:
- Write a note on pharmaceutical aids.
- Explain the method of preparation and assay of Ammonium chloride.
- Explain the principle and reactions involved in the assay of copper sulphate.
- Write the preparation and assay of ferrous sulphate.
- Explain the preparation and assay of green vitriol.
- Write the method of preparation and assay of copper sulphate.
- Explain the principle and reactions involved in the assay of Copper sulphate.
- Write the method of preparation of and use of sodium metabisulphite and sodium benzoate.
- Give the assay and medicinal uses of ferrous sulphate.
- What are expectorants? Give the method of assay of any one expectorant.
- What ate haematinics? Give the method of preparation, assay principle and medicinal uses of ferrous sulphate.
- What are expectorants? Give example and mechanism of action.
- Define and classify antidotes with examples. Write a note on activated charcoal.
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Chapter: Major Intra and Extracellular Electrolytes
2 Marks:
- Give the composition of sodium chloride injection.
- What is the biological importance of sodium and chloride ion?
- What is milliequvalent per litre.
- Write the formula and uses of ORS.
- Classify extra and intra cellular electrolytes with examples
- Give the method of preparation and uses of calcium gluconate injection
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5 Marks:
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- Discuss the physiological acid base balance in the body.
- Write a note on electrolytes used in replacement therapy.
- Explain the preparation, assay principle, storage conditions and medical uses of calcium gluconate injection.
- Describe the physiological mechanism of acid base balance in the body.
- What is electrolyte combination therapy? Explain a note on ORS.
- Explain the physiological role of sodium, calcium, chloride and bicarbonate ions.
- Give the principle and reaction involved in the assay of Calcium gluconate.
- Write a note on physiological acid base balance.
- Write a note on combination of electrolyte replacement therapy.
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Chapter: Sources of Errors and Minimization of Errors
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2 Marks:
- Explain the importance of significant figures.
- Define accuracy and precision.
- What are errors? Classify them with examples.
- Differentiate between accuracy and precision.
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5 Marks:
- Explain various methods of minimization of errors
- Explain different types of errors. Write any two methods to minimize them.
- Explain the different types of errors in volumetric analysis and methods to minimize them.
- Classify determinate errors. Explain the steps to minimize the errors.
- Discuss the different methods to minimize errors in analysis.
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3. Fundamentals of volumetric analysis:
2 Marks
- What is back titration?
- What is a blank titration?
- Define the terms normality, molarity, molality, and percentage w/v.
- Define the term titration, titrant, titrand and equivalent point.
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5. Marks
- Explain the different methods of expressing concentration of a solution with examples.
- What is primary standard? Enumerate the criteria for a substance to be classified as a primary standard. Mention their uses in different titrations.
- What is back titration? Under what conditions are such titrations used? Explain with examples.
- How do you calculate the equivalent weight and molecular weight of a substance. Give examples
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3.2. Neutralisation titration and Nonaqueous titration
2 Marks
- What are acid base indicators? Give examples
- Name some indicators used in non-aqueous titrations.
- Name the solvents used in nonaqueous titrations
- What is acetous perchloric acid.
- What is leveling and differentiating effects
- What is the role of acetic anhydride in preparation of perchloric acid solution.
- Give the pH range of phenolphthalein and methyl orange indicators
- Write a note on mixed indicator.
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5 Marks
- How can you prepare and standardize 0.1 N Sodium hydroxide solution and 0.1 N HCl
- Give the preparation, standardization and storage of Perchloric acid?
- Write the method of preparation and standardization of 250 ml of 0.1 M sodium hydroxide.
- Discuss the theory of non-aqueous titrations.
- Write a note on the applications of non-aqueous titrations in pharmaceutical analysis.
- Name the different types of solvents used in non-aqueous titrations and explain their uses in different titrations.
- Write the principle and procedure for the non-aqueous titration of sodium benzoate.
- How do you prepare, standardize and store a 0.1 N Perchloric acid solution?
- Explain the neutralization curve for strong acid vs strong base, weak acid vs strong base.
- Explain theory of acid base indicators in detail.
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3.4 Redox titrations:
10 Marks
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- What are the various methods of determining the end point in a redox titration?
- What are Redox titrations? Explain the preparation, assay and use of Copper sulphate and hydrogen peroxide.
- Describe the principle and reactions involved in the assay of copper sulphate and potassium permanganate.
- Discuss iodometry and iodimetry titrations briefly with examples.
5 Marks
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- Discuss the theory of redox titrations.
- Explain the advantages of cerimetry over permanganometry and describe one of its applications in pharmaceutical analysis.
- Write the principle of bromometric titration with examples.
- Write notes on redox indicators.
- Differentiate between iodometry and iodimetry titrations.
- Explain the preparation and standardization of 0.1N KMnO4, Na2S2O3,
- Explain the preparation and standardization of 0.1N KMnO4, Iodine solution.
- Write a note on titration of potassium iodide by using potassium iodate solution.
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2 Marks
- What is redox potential.
- Define oxidation and reduction.
- How do you store KmnO4 and Iodine solution?
- Give the role of starch as indication in redox titrations
- Calculate gram equivalent weight of potassium permanganate and Iodine.
- Calculate gram equivalent weight of Hydrogen peroxide and oxalic acid.
- Calculate gram equivalent weight of Sodium thiosulphate and potassium iodate.
- Explain the role of 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenols in redox titrations.
- What are self-indicators? Give examples.
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3.5. Precipitation titrations:
5 Marks
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- Write the principle for Fajan's method in detail.
- Explain the mechanism of action of indicators in Fajan's method.
- Write any two methods of determining the end point in a precipitation titration.
- Define and classify precipitation titrations and give the principle involved in the assay of sodium chloride.
- Explain the various methods of argentimetric titration with examples.
- Describe the principle and procedure for the Mohr's method for the determination of chlorides.
- Explain modified Volhard's method for the determination of sodium chloride
- Compare and contrast Mohr's method and Volhard's method.
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2 Marks
- Why are nitrobenzene and nitric acid used in modified Volhard's method?
- What are adsorption indicators
- Write the role of potassium chromate in Mohr's method.
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3.6. Complexometric titrations:
5 Marks
- Explain the advantages of EDTA as a complexing agent in complexometric titration.
- Classify the various EDTA titrations and explain each one in detail.
- Write the principle and reaction involved in the assay method of calcium gluconate.
- How do you prepare and standardize 0.05 M disodium EDTA solution
- Write short notes on complexometric back titrations/displacement titrations.
- What are complexometric titrations? Explain the different types with examples.
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2 Marks
- What are masking and demasking agents?
- Write a note on metal ion indicators with examples.
- What is a ligand. Give examples.
- What is chelating agents. Give examples
- What are sequestering agents. Give examples.
- Write any 4 indicators for complexometric titrations.
- What is the difference between chelates and the complexes.
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