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HAP (T) Question Bank RS4- Syllabus RGUHS

Chapter 1 Scope of Anatomy and Physiology

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Short Answers (2M)

1. Define Anatomy and Physiology.
2. Define -Histology, osteology,
3. Define- Cytology, myology.
4. Define- Anatomical position, median plane.

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5. Define- Sagittal plane, frontal plane.

Chapter-2.Cell

Short Essay (SM)

1. Explain the structure and functions of plasma membrane.
2. What is cell cycle? Briefly explain its stages.

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3. Draw a neat labelled diagram of a cell and mention one function of each organelle of a cell.
4. Explain the transport of substance across the cell membrane.
5. Explain various stages of mitosis.

Short Answer 2M)

1. Functions of lysosome

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2. Functions of mitochondria.
3. Functions of endoplasmic reticulum
4. Cytoskeletal structures and their functions.
5. Functions of nucleus.
6. Mention the components of cell.

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7. Define diffusion and osmosis.
8. Define passive and active transport.
9. Define phagocytosis and pinocytosis.
10. Define exocytosis and endocytosis.
11. Define mitosis and meiosis.

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3.Tissues

Short Essay (SM)

1. Define tissue. Classify epithelial and muscular tissues with one example each.
2. Explain the structures of epithelial tissues with one example each.
3. Explain the structures of muscular tissues with one example each.

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4. Explain the structures of connective tissues with one example each.
5. Explain the structure of neurone with a neat labelled diagram.
6. Write the characteristics of epithelial tissues and connective tissues.
7. Explain the histology of areolar connective tissue and hyaline cartilage.

Short Answer 2M)

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1. Define malignant and benign tumors.
2. Classify muscular tissue with one example each.
3. What are goblet cells?
4. Write the differences between striated and non striated muscles.
5. Differences between cartilage and bone.

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6. Briefly explain Haversian system of bone.
7. Write the four differences between epithelial and connective tissues.
8. List the functions of epithelial tissue.
9. Write the general characteristics of epithelial tissues.
10. Write the differences between cardiac and skeletal muscles.

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4.Osseous System-

Short Essay (SM)

1. Explain structure and composition of bone.
2. Write the functions of skeleton.
3. What is joint? Classify joints with examples

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Short Answer (2M).

1. Define- Osteoporosis, arthritis.
2. Define- Rickets and Gout.
3. Mention the bones of the cranium.
4. Name the bones of the face.

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5. Mention the bones of upper limb.
6. Mention the bones of lower limb.
7. Mention the bones of the vertebral column.

5.Haemopoietic System-

Long Essay (10M)

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1. Write the composition and functions of blood.
2. Mention the clotting factors and write the mechanism of blood coagulation.
3. Explain erythropoiesis.

Short Essay (SM)

1. Write a brief note on ABO system of blood grouping.

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Short Answer 2M)

1. Mention the types and functions of blood.
2. Define Anaemia and list out its types.
3. Define- Polycythemia and Haemophilia.
4. Define- Leucopenia and leukaemia.

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5. Define- Thrombocytopenia and leucocytosis.
6. What is Erythroblastosis foetalis?
7. Mention the differences between RBC and WBC.
8. What is haemoglobin ? Write its composition.
9. Classify leucocytes with examples.

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10. Define leucopoiesis and thrombopoiesis.
11. What is Rh factor?
12. Write the functions of blood platelets.

6.Lymphatic system-

Short Essay (SM)

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1. Write the composition and functions of lymph.
2. Explain the structure and functions of lymph nodes.
3. Explain the structure and functions of spleen.

Short Answer 2M)

1. Define the terms- Elephantiasis, splenomegaly.

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2. Mention the functions of thymus gland.
3. Write the composition of lymph.
4. Write the differences between lymph and blood.

7.Cardiovascular System-

1. Explain the structure of the heart using neat labelled diagram.

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2. Explain cardiac cycle.
3. What is blood pressure? Explain the regulation of BP.
4. Explain systemic, pulmonary, coronary and portal blood circulation.

Short Essay (SM)

1. What is ECG? Briefly explain each component of ECG.

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2. Explain the conducting system of heart.
3. Explain Rennin- angiotensin- aldosterone pathway.
4. Explain the various factors determining blood pressure.

Short Essay (2M)

1. Define the terms- Hypertension, Congestive cardiac failure.

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2. Define- Hypotension, Atherosclerosis.
3. Define the terms- Cardiac arrhythmias and Angina pectoris.
4. Define the terms- Myocardial infarction, Rheumatic heart disease.
5. What is cardiac output?
6. Name the hormone secreted by the auricles of the heart and its function.

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7. Define cardiac cycle and mention its events.
8. Write the significance of heart sounds.
9. Write the structural differences between artery-and vein.
10. What is cardiovascular system?

8.Respiratory System-

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Short Essay (SM)

1. Mention the parts of the respiratory system and write the anatomy of lung.
2. Explain the transport of oxygen through respiratory system and blood.
3. Explain the transport of carbon dioxide through respiratory system and blood.
4. Explain the mechanism of breathing.

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5. Define lung volumes and capacities along with normal values.
6. Explain the regulation of respiration.

Short Answer 2M)

1. Define Hypoxia, Resuscitation.
2. Define- Asthma, COPD.

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3. Define the terms- Tuberculosis, pneumonia.
4. Define- Tidal volume and Vital capacity.
5. Define —Residual volume and Total Lung Capacity.
6. Define internal and external respiration.

9.Digestive System

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Short Essay (SM)

1. Write the anatomy and physiology of stomach.
2. Write the anatomy and physiology of pancreas.
3. Explain the anatomy of liver and write a note on bile juice.
4. Mention the salivary glands. Write the composition and functions of saliva.

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5. Explain the digestion of carbohydrates, proteins and fats.
6. List the functions of liver.
7. Explain the structure and functions of small intestine.
8. Draw a neat labelled diagram of digestive system.

Short Answer 2M)

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1. Define- Peptic ulcer and Constipation.
2. Define- Diarrhoea, Emesis.
3. Define the terms- Liver cirrhosis and Hepatitis.
4. Define- Anorexia and GERD.
5. Write the composition of gastric juice.

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6. Write the composition of pancreatic juice.
7. Mention the movements'of GIT.
8. Write the functions of saliva.
9. Write the composition of bile.
10. Write the functions of bile juice.

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10.Nervous System

Long Essay (10M)

1. Classify nervous system. Explain the functional areas of cerebrum.
2. Explain the anatomical features of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system.
3. Write the functions of hypothalamus and medulla oblongata.

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4. Explain the structure and functions of spinal cord
5. Draw a neat labelled diagram of brain. Write two functions of each part of the brain.

Short Essay (SM)

1. Mention the meninges. Write the composition and functions of cerebro spinal fluid (CSF).
2. Define - Parkinson’s Disease, Insomnia, Anxiety, Schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s Disease.

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3. Mention cranial nerves and write one function each.

Short Answer 2M)

1. What are meninges?
2. What are ventricles of the brain.
3. Define —Epilepsy and Anxiety.

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4. Define- Depression and Insomnia.
5. Define — Schizophrenia and Migraine.
6. Define the terms- Alzheimer’s Disease, Parkinson’s Disease.
7. Mention types of reflexes.
8. Write the divisions of nervous system.

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11.Urinary System

Short Essay (SM)

1. Write the physiology of micturition.
2. Explain renal function tests.
3. Explain the structure and functions of kidney.

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4. Describe the process of urine formation.
5. Explain the various parts of urinary system
6. Write a note on acid base balance.
7. Explain the structure of nephron.

Short Answer 2M)

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1. Define- Micturition, Urinary Incontinence.
2. Define the terms- Renal Calculi, Cystitis.
3. Define- Glomerulonephritis, Renal fibrosis.

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