Download Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) Class 10th (10th Board Exam) CarnaticMusicMelodicInstrument Marking Scheme 2021 Paper
CLASS ? X (Melodic Instrument)
2020 ? 21
Marking Scheme
Time - 2 hrs.
Max. Marks : 30
Part A
Multiple Choice Questions:
Attempts any of 15 Question all are of Equal Marks :
1. Raga Abhogi is Janya of
a) Karaharapriya
2. 72 Melakarta Scheme has
c) 12 Chakras
3. Identify AbhyasaGhanam form the following
d) Gitam
4. Idenfity the VarjyaSwaras in Raga SuddoSaveri
b) GhanDharam ? NishanDham
5. Raga Harikambhoji is a
d) Sampoorna Raga
6. Identify popular vidilist from the following
b) M. S. Gopala Krishnan
7. Find out the string instrument which has frets
d) Veena
8. Raga Mohanam is an
d) Audava ? Audava Raga
9. Alankaras are set to
d) 7 Talas
10 Mela Number of Raga Maya MalawaGoula
d) 15
11. Identify the famous flutist
d) T R. Mahalingam
12. RupakaTala has AksharaKals
b) 6
13. Indentify composer of Navagrehakritis
c) MuthuswaniDikshitan
14. Essential angas of kriti are
a) Pallavi-Anuppallavi- Charanam
b) Pallavi ?multifplecharanma
c) Pallavi ? MukkyiSwaram
d) Pallavi ? Charanam
15. Raga SuddaDeven is Janya of
a) Sankarabharanam
16. Composer of Famous GhanePanchartnaKritis ? identify
a) Thyagaraja
17. Find out most important accompanying instrument for a vocal concert
b) Mridangam
18. A musical form set to different ragas
c) Ragamalika
19. Identify dance from of music
b) Tillana
20. Raga Sri Ranjani is Janya of
a) Karahara Priya
21. Find out the popular Vena artist
d) S. Bala Chander
Part B
Answer any five questions. All questions carry equal marks
5X3 = 15
1. Gitam : Gitam are the simplest musical form. The term "Gita" means song it is melodic
extension of raga in which it is composed. Gitam tempo is uniform.
They do not have angas like Pallavi, anu Pallavi and charanam. It is continuous composition.
No Sangatis or Variations are found.
Gitams bring out the simple notes employed in the composition, bringing the raga swarupa.
Gitams are the "abhiyasa Ghana" which make the learner to correlate each swaran with
Sahithya Eg. 9i) Sri Gananatha, (2) "Varaveena" Gitas are of two varieties.
Samnya Gita and Lakshana Gitas : Purandara Dasa's Gita in praise of Lord Ganesha Shiva,
Vishnu are collection by known as Pillari Gitams paita Gurumurthy Shastri was also a prolific
composer of Gitas. Sanaya Gita are ordinary sadharna Lakshya or Sanchari Gitas, Lakshana
Gitasare specific describing scales derived from the 72 Mela, by the process of shift of tonic.
They are mentioned in the Ranganga Raga Lakshana Gitas. Gitas are found in Rupakam.
Triputa Talam.
Kriti : The term kriti is a composition with various angas or parts like pallavi, Anu pallavi and
charanam. Mostly kriti and keertana has not been differentiated in the earlier period. But
now there is a clean cut distinction between the two.
Kritis are dhatu Pradhana or which focus the musical or Sangitha aspect. The expertise of
both Sangitha and Sahitya, Their aesthetic values are primarily important in kritis.
Kriti evokes Ghana rasa, Ragha bhava, Infact kritis are development of keertanas which are
traced only after 18th century. Tala pokkam composes were the earliest to have composed
kritis. They had mentioned that Purchandaradara had composed around is 75,000 kritis.
Tyagaraja, Muthuswamy Dikshitar, Swati TirunamPapanasam sivam. They have all
contributed to repository of kriti.
Further the kritis have been enriched by composer by adding chitha swara, Madhyamkala
Sahitya, Swara Sahitya, Sangatis which adds to lustier of the kritis swarakshara is also are
decoratic anga.
Kritis with only Pallavi & Charanam can be here. There are kritis with pallavi, Anu pallavi and
two charanam with specific mudras. The use of solkatre and various yatis, mudras have all
added to the beauty of the kriti example : Soga Soga Mridanga ? Raga Sri Ranjini Vatapi
Ganpatin ? Mathur was -Diskshitar ? Ragan Hindustani
Keertana (Kirtana): Kirtanas are the musical forms in which the Sahitya a matu oriented.
They are valued for their devotional or spiritual contnets. They focus Bhakti Bhava or
rasa,Prabanabs of ealier times can be mentioned here kirtanas have been composed earlier
than kritis.
The music and rhythm are simple `Keertanas have pallavi', anupallavi and multiple charanas.
Here the pallavi, Anupallavi and charana mostly have same eduppu. The motto is to intalk
devotion or Bhakti. SO the music is simple equally is the words which can be easily learnt by
rote memory famous kirtanam, Tyagrajas Ganaraga pancharatnam in Raga Nata, Ganta,
Arobhi, Varali and Sri Raga.
Keertanaas are of simple nature are meant for congregational singing. Kirtanas were only
simple means to sing the glory of Gods. The pallavi, Charanas has the same daltu (music). So
Devarnamas of Puranadara Dasa, Annamacharya, Gopala Krishna Bharatis songs are few
examples of kirtanas badrochala Ramdas. Giri Raja Kavi, Sadasiva Brahmendra Arunodala
Kavirayer, Nilkantasivam are few prominent composes of kirtana.
Divyanama kirtana, other pancharatra kritis of Tyagraja (kavur, Tiruvothiyar, halgndi Sri
Ranjan) and few by Swati Tirumal.
Example : Navarothri kirtana of swati tirunal few kirtanas have sol kallu sahitya in charanas.
Mainly kirtanas concentrate on spiritualties and the words are (Sahitya) are simple and give
spiritual elation. They are self to simple music and rhythm.
2. Ragas that are derived from or generated from janaka Raga or 72 Mela karta Ragas are
identified as Janya Raga. Unlike Janaka raga Janya raga has various combinations of swaras
in Arohana and Avarohana. Their type of Raga is known by their specific combinations.
The varieties are: Shadava, Audava which units one note & two notes ? These Ragas omits
notes so they are alsoknown as vaijya ragas.
Shadava has six notes
Audava has five notes
Audava-Audava Raga
?
225
Audava ? Shadava Raga
-
90
Audava - Sampurna Raga
-
15
Shadava ? Shadava Raga
-
36
Shadava ? Audava Raga
-
90
Shadava ? Sampurna Raga
-
6
Sampurna - Audava Raga
-
15
Sampurna ? Shadava Raga
-
6
Total Ragas
-
489 (Janya)
Examples of Janya Raga.
Ragan Severs Arohanam : s r1 m1 p d2 s
Audava Sampoornam Avaroham : s n2 d1 p m g2 r2 s
Ragan Baludani Aroha : s g2 m1 P d2 n s (6)
Ragan Bahudari Ava : s n1 p m g2 s (5)
Shadva Audavam
Audava Raga
Audava Raga variation have five notes in either Arohana or Avarohana or in both. The
Audava raga Variations are:
Audava-Audava Raga
?
5 & 5 swaras in Arohana & Avroham
Audava ? Shadava Raga
-
5 & 6 swaras in Arohana & Avroham
Shadava ? Audava Raga
-
6 & 5 swaras in Arohana & Avroham
Audava - Sampurna Raga
-
5 & 7 swaras in Arohana & Avroham
Sampurna - Audava Raga
-
7 & 5 swaras in Arohana & Avroham
Audava Audav Ragas 6, Audava Shadava 90 variations Audava Sampurna 15 variations
Sampurna Audava 15
Audava Audava Variation 15 x 15 = 225
Audav Shadavam 15 x 6 = 90
Shadava Audava 6 x 15 = 90
Examples : S r g p d s (5)
Ragas (Mohanam Ragan) S d p g r s (5)
Ragan S r g p n s (5)
Hamsadwani s n p g r s (5)
Bowh s r g p d s (5)
S n d p g r s (6)
Saveri s r m p d s (5)
S n d p m g r s (7)
3. Ragalakshana of Mohanam : Raga Mohana is a janya Raga. This is derived from 28th
Melakarta raga Harikambhoji. It is Audava Audava raga.
Arohanam :
s r g p d s
Avarohana :
s d p g r s
Madhyama and nishadam is a omitted. So It is Varijya Raga it takes chathusruthi rishaba
Antra Gandhara, Chathusruthi Daivatam. It is Upanga raga. It takes symmetrical Swaras,
Sarva Swara gamaka rakti raga. This raga can be sung during any time of the day. It is
equivalent to Bhup raga of Hindustani music. It allows jantas swaras. It is very old raga; it
was known as ragaupta.
Musical Forms in Mohana
Gitam
Vara Veena
Rupaktala
Varnam
Nirumkari
Adi
Sararijakshi
Ala
Kriti
Bhavanata
Nampatimpa
Mohanarama Tyagaraja
Ramaminnu
Raktaganapathim
Mutuswami
Nararimha Agachela
Dikshitar
Kapali ? Karunainilavi ? Papanasesa Sivan
Manu Folk songs are in this Raga.
Saveri Raga is derived from Melakanta raga mayamalawa Goula (15). Its Variety is janya
raga; Audava ? Sampurna Raga which takes five notes in its Arohana and Sevan notes in
Avarohana. In Arohana it omits Gandharv and nishada, so it is Gandhara ? Nishada Varijya
raga.
Arohanam
S r1 m1 p d1 s
Avarohanam s m2 d1 p m1 g2 r1 s
Besides Sadiya & Panchama it takes sudda rishabham; Sudda Madhyamam, Sudda Daivatam
and Kakali rishadam.
Musical Forms :
Saveri Tana Varunam
Tyagraja Telugu
Kriti ? Raman Bajehan
Dikshitar Sanskrit
kriti ? karikalabd Makhan
Kriti ? Sri Rajagopala
Tamil
kriti ? Murunga Murga Enral
Shyama Sanskriti
kriti ? Duruga Kripagoochi
Rag Lakshana of Sri Ranjani: Raga Sri Ranjani is a Janya Raga derived from 22 mela karahara
priya. It takes six notes both in Arohana and Avarohana. So it is a Shadava ? Shadava raga. It
is panchama Varijya raga. Besides Sadja it takes chathusruthi Rishabha a Chathuruthi
Daivata Arohanam : s r g m d n s
Avarohanam: s n d p m g r s
Prayoga : Dm, ndm-gmdn and mdn -
S nd m d n ? g r s n d m d n
Musical forms in this raga
Tyagaraja - Marutalka
SagaSaga Mndanya
Dikshikr ? Sh Dam Durga
Parvatha raha Kumari Seri
Balamtrikaya Kalakstlam
Papanaram si van ? Ini orukanam Umai Maran
Gajavadaua Karino Sadama
4. Ragam Saveri (1515 MalaTanya)
Chaitanya Rupaka
Arohama : R, R, M, PD,S ? Paroham SN, D, PM GRS
D S |R M M|| M G | G, R S ||
Ja na|Ka su Tha||ku eha|kum ku one||
G , | R R G | |R R | S, DS, ||
Pan| Ki tha la||ncha mu|re, rs, ||
D D|P M P,||P M |G R S R ||
Ba li|ha ru re,||kh ga| va ha na||
P M| G R R M|| G R | S, S ||
Ka - | mchi pu ri|| ni li | ya ... ||
S R| S, N D || S R | M, GR ||
Ka ri|ra Kika ka||bhu ja|Vi- kna ma||
M, | D D P M || P, D| P, P P ||
Ka, |mi tha pha la||da - . . yaka||
R R |M M P, ||D P |D P P M ||
Ka ri | Va ra da,|| Kal. Ya . . ma ||
P D | S, N D|| N D| P D M ||
P run| de V ma|| no . | ha ru ri||
D P | P M G R || R M | G R S,||
Ka ri| gi ri ni .|| Va . | . ru re, ||
5. Shadava Raga : Shadava Raga is the Raga classification which oriniates from Janya ||Raga,
generated ragas from Janka Rasas. The Janya |Ragas like Bhupala, Gamla, Vasantha, Saurasthra
Mshana, Mulambasi Ahiri had existed before 10000 years
Shadava Raga variations where the Raga takes six notes in either Arohana or Avarohana eg. Of
shadava Raga
1. Bwashawali
2. Sri Rangani
3. Bahudari
4. Bouli
Variations are:
1. Shadava ? Shadava ? 6 variations 6x6 =36
2. Shadava ? Aadava - 6 variations 6x15 =90
3. Shadava ? Sampoorna ? variations 6x15 ? 90
4. Samporna ? Shadavam ? variations 6x15
5. Audava ? Shadavam ? variation 6x15 = 90
Shadava ? Shadava
Six notes both in |Arorana Avarohana
Ragam Sri Ranjani S r g m d n s
S m d m g r s
Shadava Audavam
Six swaras in Aroharam ? five sudaras in Avarohava
Bahudari Raga ? S g m p d n s
S n d m g r s
Shadava Audavam
Six swaras in Aroharam ? five swaras in avarohara
Bahudari Raga ? s g m p d n s
S n p m g s
Audava ? Shadavam
Five notes in Arohava ? Six notes in avarohana
Raga Bowli ? srgpds ? sndpgrs
Sampurna ? Shadava
Arohanam : Seven notes Avaroham Six notes
Bhairavam Raga :
s r g m p d n s
s d p m g r s
Shadava Samparman
Six notes in Arohana
Seven no0ts in Avarohana
Ragan Kambhoji
s r g m p d s
s m d p m g r s
These Shadava raga omits certain notes they are also known as Varijya Raga. Further they have
upanga, Bhashanga Vakra Raga classifications.
6. Lalgudi G. Jayaraman is one of the celebration of Indian Music world. His parents hailed from
Tour of Lalgudi. His father V.R. Gopala. Who has a multifaced musician and composer. He could
play violin, fluid and veena. Jayraman was born on 17.09.1930 at his place Edayathumangalam
in Tricity. He was trained by his own father in Violin. He performed Lalgudi's Violin was a
traditional style. He had established a style or bani in which the violin notes focused "Sahithya
oriented". So it was unique contribution He was multifaced artist, was a composer in Tamil,
Telugu, Sanskrit. He had travelled all over the world and played in various world concerts. He is
rained are legend he had played with world renown Violinist Yahudi member.
He had accompanied all senior musicians like Cheimbai, Srinivasa Iyer, Aryakudi Ramamanja
Iyengar, Semmengudi, Srinivasa Iyer, Balamurli Krishna, G.N. Bala Subramaniam, D.K.
Jayaraman, Madurai Mani Iyer, Maharajapuran santhanam & others.
He was awarded "Padma Sri" in the year 1972 He was awarded "Padma Bhushan in 2001 He
had state vidwaan award from Tamil Nadu.
His navarasa Varnam, Puspanjali and Tikanas are everlasting master piece which makes his roel
as a accomplished composed. He breathed his last on 22.04.2013 at the age of 82.
7. Janya Raga whose Arohana or Avarohana or both takes Zig Zag course or disorderly pattern of
swaras. In non Vakra Ragas the graphical depiction will be ascending and descending in
symmetrical order. In Vakra Raga it will be indications.
Eg. Ragan Nalimkanti
?
S g r m p m s (Vakra)
S n p m g r s
Raga Kathana kuthu halan. -
s r m D n g P s "(v) Arohana
s n d p m g r s
Anand Bhairavi
-
s g r g m p d p s (v) Arohana
S n d p m g r s
Sri Raga
-
S r m P n s
s n p d n p m r g r s (v)
Its variations are Vakra sampoorna Vakra Varjya, Vakra Audava, Vakra Shadava, Ubhaya Vakra,
Upanga Vakra & Bhashanga Vakra Ragas.
Vakra Audava ? Ragan Hindolam s m g m d m s (v)
S n d m g s
Vakra Shadava ? Nalinakant
s g r m p n s (v)
s n p m g r s
Ubhaya Vakra Neelambari
S r g m p d p n s
S n p m g r g s
This post was last modified on 07 March 2021