Download Anna University B-Tech CSE 7th Sem CS6712 Grid and Cloud Computing Lab Manual Question Paper

0 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

College o f Engineering

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?



DEPARTMENT OF

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COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
VII SEMESTER - R 2013

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--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Name : ______________________________________
Reg. No. : ______________________________________
Section : ______________________________________

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LABORATORY MANUAL
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0 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

College o f Engineering
?

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

DEPARTMENT OF
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

VII SEMESTER - R 2013

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Name : ______________________________________

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Reg. No. : ______________________________________
Section : ______________________________________
LABORATORY MANUAL

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

DHANALAKSHMI

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and enterprising
professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and training.


? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? To contribute to the promotion of Academic Excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart and
soul

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To strive for acquiring, applying and imparting knowledge in Computer Science and Engineering through quality
education and to provide enthusiastic professionals with commitment

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? To produce highly competent and globally employable engineers in the field of Computer Science and
Engineering
? To inculcate human values among the student community and make them realize their commitment to the society
? To exhibit excellence in pursuit of research and innovative products with a zeal to serve the society

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

VISION
VISION
MISSION
MISSION

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice


0 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

College o f Engineering
?

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

DEPARTMENT OF
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
VII SEMESTER - R 2013

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Name : ______________________________________
Reg. No. : ______________________________________

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Section : ______________________________________
LABORATORY MANUAL


1 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

DHANALAKSHMI


is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and enterprising

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and training.


? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic Excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at different levels

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart and
soul

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To strive for acquiring, applying and imparting knowledge in Computer Science and Engineering through quality
education and to provide enthusiastic professionals with commitment


? To produce highly competent and globally employable engineers in the field of Computer Science and

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Engineering
? To inculcate human values among the student community and make them realize their commitment to the society
? To exhibit excellence in pursuit of research and innovative products with a zeal to serve the society

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

VISION
VISION
MISSION
MISSION

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

2 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)
1. Fundamentals

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To provide students with a solid foundation in Mathematics, Science and fundamentals of engineering, enabling
them to apply, to find solutions for engineering problems and use this knowledge to acquire higher education
2. Core Competence
To train the students in Computer science and engineering technologies so that they apply their knowledge and
training to compare, and to analyze various engineering industrial problems to find solutions

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

3. Breadth
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice this enables them to
find solutions for the real time problems in industry, and to design products
4. Professionalism
To inculcate professional and effective communication skills, leadership qualities and team spirit in the students

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

to make them multi-faceted personalities and develop their ability to relate engineering issues to broader social
context
5. Lifelong Learning/Ethics
To demonstrate and practice ethical and professional responsibilities in the industry and society in the large,
through commitment and lifelong learning needed for successful professional career

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

0 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

College o f Engineering
?

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

DEPARTMENT OF
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
VII SEMESTER - R 2013

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Name : ______________________________________
Reg. No. : ______________________________________
Section : ______________________________________
LABORATORY MANUAL

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

DHANALAKSHMI

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and enterprising
professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and training.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic Excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart and
soul

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

To strive for acquiring, applying and imparting knowledge in Computer Science and Engineering through quality
education and to provide enthusiastic professionals with commitment

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? To produce highly competent and globally employable engineers in the field of Computer Science and
Engineering
? To inculcate human values among the student community and make them realize their commitment to the society
? To exhibit excellence in pursuit of research and innovative products with a zeal to serve the society

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

VISION
VISION
MISSION

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

MISSION


2 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)
1. Fundamentals
To provide students with a solid foundation in Mathematics, Science and fundamentals of engineering, enabling
them to apply, to find solutions for engineering problems and use this knowledge to acquire higher education
2. Core Competence

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To train the students in Computer science and engineering technologies so that they apply their knowledge and
training to compare, and to analyze various engineering industrial problems to find solutions
3. Breadth
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice this enables them to
find solutions for the real time problems in industry, and to design products

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4. Professionalism
To inculcate professional and effective communication skills, leadership qualities and team spirit in the students
to make them multi-faceted personalities and develop their ability to relate engineering issues to broader social
context
5. Lifelong Learning/Ethics

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To demonstrate and practice ethical and professional responsibilities in the industry and society in the large,
through commitment and lifelong learning needed for successful professional career

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4


PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)
a) To demonstrate and apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Electronics and Communication Engineering field
b) To design a component, a system or a process to meet the specific needs within the realistic constraints
such as economics, environment, ethics, health, safety and manufacturability
c) To demonstrate the competency to use software tools for computation, simulation and testing of electronics and
communication engineering circuits

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

d) To identify, formulate and solve electronic and communication engineering problems
e) To demonstrate an ability to visualize and work on laboratory and multidisciplinary tasks
f) To function as a member or a leader in multidisciplinary activities
g) To communicate in verbal and written form with fellow engineers and society at large
h) To understand the impact of Electronics and Communication Engineering in the society and demonstrate awareness

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

of contemporary issues and commitment to give solutions exhibiting social responsibility
i) To demonstrate professional & ethical responsibilities
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To participate and succeed in competitive exams

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice


0 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

College o f Engineering
?

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

DEPARTMENT OF
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

VII SEMESTER - R 2013

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Name : ______________________________________

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Reg. No. : ______________________________________
Section : ______________________________________
LABORATORY MANUAL

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

DHANALAKSHMI

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and enterprising
professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and training.


? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? To contribute to the promotion of Academic Excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart and
soul

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To strive for acquiring, applying and imparting knowledge in Computer Science and Engineering through quality
education and to provide enthusiastic professionals with commitment

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? To produce highly competent and globally employable engineers in the field of Computer Science and
Engineering
? To inculcate human values among the student community and make them realize their commitment to the society
? To exhibit excellence in pursuit of research and innovative products with a zeal to serve the society

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

VISION
VISION
MISSION
MISSION

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

2 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1. Fundamentals
To provide students with a solid foundation in Mathematics, Science and fundamentals of engineering, enabling
them to apply, to find solutions for engineering problems and use this knowledge to acquire higher education
2. Core Competence
To train the students in Computer science and engineering technologies so that they apply their knowledge and

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

training to compare, and to analyze various engineering industrial problems to find solutions
3. Breadth
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice this enables them to
find solutions for the real time problems in industry, and to design products
4. Professionalism

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To inculcate professional and effective communication skills, leadership qualities and team spirit in the students
to make them multi-faceted personalities and develop their ability to relate engineering issues to broader social
context
5. Lifelong Learning/Ethics
To demonstrate and practice ethical and professional responsibilities in the industry and society in the large,

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

through commitment and lifelong learning needed for successful professional career



4

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)
a) To demonstrate and apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Electronics and Communication Engineering field

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

b) To design a component, a system or a process to meet the specific needs within the realistic constraints
such as economics, environment, ethics, health, safety and manufacturability
c) To demonstrate the competency to use software tools for computation, simulation and testing of electronics and
communication engineering circuits
d) To identify, formulate and solve electronic and communication engineering problems

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

e) To demonstrate an ability to visualize and work on laboratory and multidisciplinary tasks
f) To function as a member or a leader in multidisciplinary activities
g) To communicate in verbal and written form with fellow engineers and society at large
h) To understand the impact of Electronics and Communication Engineering in the society and demonstrate awareness
of contemporary issues and commitment to give solutions exhibiting social responsibility

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

i) To demonstrate professional & ethical responsibilities
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To participate and succeed in competitive exams

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

5 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

SYLLABUS
Learn the working of ARM processor
Understand the Building Blocks of Embedded Systems
Learn the concept of memory map and memory interface

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Know the characteristics of Real Time Systems
Write programs to interface memory, I/Os with processor
Study the interrupt performance
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
GRID COMPUTING LAB

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Use Globus Toolkit or equivalent and do the following:
1. Develop a new Web Service for Calculator.
2. Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service.
3. Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service.
4. Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

5. Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus Toolkit.
6. Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it with and without
GRAM concept.

CLOUD COMPUTING LAB

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Use Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent to set up the cloud and demonstrate.
1. Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines
COURSE OBJECTIVES
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

0 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

College o f Engineering
?

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

DEPARTMENT OF
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
VII SEMESTER - R 2013

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Name : ______________________________________
Reg. No. : ______________________________________
Section : ______________________________________
LABORATORY MANUAL

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

DHANALAKSHMI

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and enterprising
professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and training.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic Excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart and
soul

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

To strive for acquiring, applying and imparting knowledge in Computer Science and Engineering through quality
education and to provide enthusiastic professionals with commitment

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? To produce highly competent and globally employable engineers in the field of Computer Science and
Engineering
? To inculcate human values among the student community and make them realize their commitment to the society

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? To exhibit excellence in pursuit of research and innovative products with a zeal to serve the society


VISION
VISION

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

MISSION
MISSION


2 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)
1. Fundamentals
To provide students with a solid foundation in Mathematics, Science and fundamentals of engineering, enabling
them to apply, to find solutions for engineering problems and use this knowledge to acquire higher education

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

2. Core Competence
To train the students in Computer science and engineering technologies so that they apply their knowledge and
training to compare, and to analyze various engineering industrial problems to find solutions
3. Breadth
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice this enables them to

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

find solutions for the real time problems in industry, and to design products
4. Professionalism
To inculcate professional and effective communication skills, leadership qualities and team spirit in the students
to make them multi-faceted personalities and develop their ability to relate engineering issues to broader social
context

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

5. Lifelong Learning/Ethics
To demonstrate and practice ethical and professional responsibilities in the industry and society in the large,
through commitment and lifelong learning needed for successful professional career

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4


PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a) To demonstrate and apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Electronics and Communication Engineering field
b) To design a component, a system or a process to meet the specific needs within the realistic constraints
such as economics, environment, ethics, health, safety and manufacturability
c) To demonstrate the competency to use software tools for computation, simulation and testing of electronics and

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

communication engineering circuits
d) To identify, formulate and solve electronic and communication engineering problems
e) To demonstrate an ability to visualize and work on laboratory and multidisciplinary tasks
f) To function as a member or a leader in multidisciplinary activities
g) To communicate in verbal and written form with fellow engineers and society at large

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

h) To understand the impact of Electronics and Communication Engineering in the society and demonstrate awareness
of contemporary issues and commitment to give solutions exhibiting social responsibility
i) To demonstrate professional & ethical responsibilities
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To participate and succeed in competitive exams

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

5 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

SYLLABUS
Learn the working of ARM processor

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Understand the Building Blocks of Embedded Systems
Learn the concept of memory map and memory interface
Know the characteristics of Real Time Systems
Write programs to interface memory, I/Os with processor
Study the interrupt performance

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
GRID COMPUTING LAB
Use Globus Toolkit or equivalent and do the following:
1. Develop a new Web Service for Calculator.
2. Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

3. Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service.
4. Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs
5. Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus Toolkit.
6. Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it with and without
GRAM concept.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CLOUD COMPUTING LAB
Use Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent to set up the cloud and demonstrate.
1. Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines
COURSE OBJECTIVES

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

6 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

can be utilized at particular time.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

2. Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even
after the release of the virtual machine.
3. Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program.
4. Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other.
5. Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

6. Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster.
7. Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE.
8. Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it.
9. Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? Use the grid and cloud tool kits.
? Design and implement applications on the Grid.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? Design and Implement applications on the Cloud.
? Design network objects by applying the networking concepts.
? Create virtualization concept.
? Design web based applications.
? Apply cloud tools for resource allocation.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? Apply grid tools for network translation.
? Design private cloud using open stack.
COURSE OUTCOMES
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

0 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

College o f Engineering
?

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

DEPARTMENT OF
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
VII SEMESTER - R 2013

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Name : ______________________________________
Reg. No. : ______________________________________
Section : ______________________________________
LABORATORY MANUAL

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

DHANALAKSHMI

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and enterprising
professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and training.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic Excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart and
soul

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

To strive for acquiring, applying and imparting knowledge in Computer Science and Engineering through quality
education and to provide enthusiastic professionals with commitment

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? To produce highly competent and globally employable engineers in the field of Computer Science and
Engineering
? To inculcate human values among the student community and make them realize their commitment to the society

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? To exhibit excellence in pursuit of research and innovative products with a zeal to serve the society


VISION
VISION

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

MISSION
MISSION


2 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)
1. Fundamentals
To provide students with a solid foundation in Mathematics, Science and fundamentals of engineering, enabling
them to apply, to find solutions for engineering problems and use this knowledge to acquire higher education

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

2. Core Competence
To train the students in Computer science and engineering technologies so that they apply their knowledge and
training to compare, and to analyze various engineering industrial problems to find solutions
3. Breadth
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice this enables them to

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

find solutions for the real time problems in industry, and to design products
4. Professionalism
To inculcate professional and effective communication skills, leadership qualities and team spirit in the students
to make them multi-faceted personalities and develop their ability to relate engineering issues to broader social
context

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

5. Lifelong Learning/Ethics
To demonstrate and practice ethical and professional responsibilities in the industry and society in the large,
through commitment and lifelong learning needed for successful professional career

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4


PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a) To demonstrate and apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Electronics and Communication Engineering field
b) To design a component, a system or a process to meet the specific needs within the realistic constraints
such as economics, environment, ethics, health, safety and manufacturability
c) To demonstrate the competency to use software tools for computation, simulation and testing of electronics and

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

communication engineering circuits
d) To identify, formulate and solve electronic and communication engineering problems
e) To demonstrate an ability to visualize and work on laboratory and multidisciplinary tasks
f) To function as a member or a leader in multidisciplinary activities
g) To communicate in verbal and written form with fellow engineers and society at large

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

h) To understand the impact of Electronics and Communication Engineering in the society and demonstrate awareness
of contemporary issues and commitment to give solutions exhibiting social responsibility
i) To demonstrate professional & ethical responsibilities
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To participate and succeed in competitive exams

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

5 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

SYLLABUS
Learn the working of ARM processor

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Understand the Building Blocks of Embedded Systems
Learn the concept of memory map and memory interface
Know the characteristics of Real Time Systems
Write programs to interface memory, I/Os with processor
Study the interrupt performance

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
GRID COMPUTING LAB
Use Globus Toolkit or equivalent and do the following:
1. Develop a new Web Service for Calculator.
2. Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

3. Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service.
4. Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs
5. Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus Toolkit.
6. Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it with and without
GRAM concept.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CLOUD COMPUTING LAB
Use Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent to set up the cloud and demonstrate.
1. Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines
COURSE OBJECTIVES

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

6 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

can be utilized at particular time.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

2. Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even
after the release of the virtual machine.
3. Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program.
4. Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other.
5. Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

6. Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster.
7. Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE.
8. Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it.
9. Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? Use the grid and cloud tool kits.
? Design and implement applications on the Grid.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? Design and Implement applications on the Cloud.
? Design network objects by applying the networking concepts.
? Create virtualization concept.
? Design web based applications.
? Apply cloud tools for resource allocation.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? Apply grid tools for network translation.
? Design private cloud using open stack.
COURSE OUTCOMES

7

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
CONTENTS
Sl. No. Name of the Experiment Page No.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CYCLE 1 ? EXPERIMENTS ( GRID COMPUTING)
1
Develop a new Web Service for Calculator 7
2
Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service 16

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

3
Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service 19
4
Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs 22
5

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus
Toolkit
25
6
Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

with and without GRAM concept
27
CYCLE 2 ? EXPERIMENTS (CLOUD COMPUTING)
1
Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
34
2
Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it
holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

36
3 Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program 39
4
Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to
the other

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

42
5 Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it 45
6 Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster 47
7 Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE
ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1 Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it 52
2 Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks 55

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

0 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

College o f Engineering
?

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

DEPARTMENT OF
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
VII SEMESTER - R 2013

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Name : ______________________________________
Reg. No. : ______________________________________
Section : ______________________________________
LABORATORY MANUAL

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

DHANALAKSHMI

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and enterprising
professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and training.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic Excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart and
soul

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

To strive for acquiring, applying and imparting knowledge in Computer Science and Engineering through quality
education and to provide enthusiastic professionals with commitment

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? To produce highly competent and globally employable engineers in the field of Computer Science and
Engineering
? To inculcate human values among the student community and make them realize their commitment to the society
? To exhibit excellence in pursuit of research and innovative products with a zeal to serve the society

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

VISION
VISION
MISSION

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

MISSION


2 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)
1. Fundamentals
To provide students with a solid foundation in Mathematics, Science and fundamentals of engineering, enabling
them to apply, to find solutions for engineering problems and use this knowledge to acquire higher education
2. Core Competence

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To train the students in Computer science and engineering technologies so that they apply their knowledge and
training to compare, and to analyze various engineering industrial problems to find solutions
3. Breadth
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice this enables them to
find solutions for the real time problems in industry, and to design products

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4. Professionalism
To inculcate professional and effective communication skills, leadership qualities and team spirit in the students
to make them multi-faceted personalities and develop their ability to relate engineering issues to broader social
context
5. Lifelong Learning/Ethics

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To demonstrate and practice ethical and professional responsibilities in the industry and society in the large,
through commitment and lifelong learning needed for successful professional career

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4


PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)
a) To demonstrate and apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Electronics and Communication Engineering field
b) To design a component, a system or a process to meet the specific needs within the realistic constraints
such as economics, environment, ethics, health, safety and manufacturability
c) To demonstrate the competency to use software tools for computation, simulation and testing of electronics and
communication engineering circuits

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

d) To identify, formulate and solve electronic and communication engineering problems
e) To demonstrate an ability to visualize and work on laboratory and multidisciplinary tasks
f) To function as a member or a leader in multidisciplinary activities
g) To communicate in verbal and written form with fellow engineers and society at large
h) To understand the impact of Electronics and Communication Engineering in the society and demonstrate awareness

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

of contemporary issues and commitment to give solutions exhibiting social responsibility
i) To demonstrate professional & ethical responsibilities
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To participate and succeed in competitive exams

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

5 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

SYLLABUS
Learn the working of ARM processor
Understand the Building Blocks of Embedded Systems

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Learn the concept of memory map and memory interface
Know the characteristics of Real Time Systems
Write programs to interface memory, I/Os with processor
Study the interrupt performance
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

GRID COMPUTING LAB
Use Globus Toolkit or equivalent and do the following:
1. Develop a new Web Service for Calculator.
2. Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service.
3. Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4. Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs
5. Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus Toolkit.
6. Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it with and without
GRAM concept.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CLOUD COMPUTING LAB
Use Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent to set up the cloud and demonstrate.
1. Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines
COURSE OBJECTIVES

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

6 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

can be utilized at particular time.
2. Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

after the release of the virtual machine.
3. Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program.
4. Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other.
5. Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it.
6. Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

7. Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE.
8. Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it.
9. Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? Use the grid and cloud tool kits.
? Design and implement applications on the Grid.
? Design and Implement applications on the Cloud.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? Design network objects by applying the networking concepts.
? Create virtualization concept.
? Design web based applications.
? Apply cloud tools for resource allocation.
? Apply grid tools for network translation.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? Design private cloud using open stack.
COURSE OUTCOMES

7

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
CONTENTS
Sl. No. Name of the Experiment Page No.
CYCLE 1 ? EXPERIMENTS ( GRID COMPUTING)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1
Develop a new Web Service for Calculator 7
2
Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service 16
3

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service 19
4
Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs 22
5
Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Toolkit
25
6
Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it
with and without GRAM concept

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

27
CYCLE 2 ? EXPERIMENTS (CLOUD COMPUTING)
1
Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how
many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

34
2
Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it
holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
36

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

3 Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program 39
4
Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to
the other
42

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

5 Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it 45
6 Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster 47
7 Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE
ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS
1 Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it 52

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

2 Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks 55

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

8 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

INTRODUCTION TO GRID COMPUTING

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

GRID TECHNOLOGY

? Flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and
resource

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? Grid architecture
? Defined using services and protocols
? Using the ?sand hourglass? model similar to the TCP/IP protocol stack

"A computational grid is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides dependable, consistent, pervasive and

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

inexpensive access to high-end computational capabilities."
Grid computing makes it possible to dynamically share and coordinate dispersed, heterogeneous computing
resources. Flexibility and ubiquity are essential characteristics of Web services technologies such as WSDL (Web
Services Description Language), SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), and UDDI (Universal Description,
Discovery, and Integration).

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) combines technologies to unlock and exploit grid-attached resources.
OGSA defines mechanisms to create, manage, and exchange information between Grid Services, a special type of
Web service. The architecture uses WSDL extensively to describe the structure and behavior of a service. Service
descriptions are located and discovered using Web Services Inspection Language (WSIL). By combining elements
from grid computing and Web services technologies, OGSA establishes an extensible and interoperable design and

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

development framework for Grid Services that includes details for service definition, discovery, and life-cycle
management.
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

0 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

College o f Engineering
?

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

DEPARTMENT OF
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
VII SEMESTER - R 2013

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Name : ______________________________________
Reg. No. : ______________________________________
Section : ______________________________________
LABORATORY MANUAL

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

DHANALAKSHMI

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and enterprising
professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and training.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic Excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart and
soul

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

To strive for acquiring, applying and imparting knowledge in Computer Science and Engineering through quality
education and to provide enthusiastic professionals with commitment

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? To produce highly competent and globally employable engineers in the field of Computer Science and
Engineering
? To inculcate human values among the student community and make them realize their commitment to the society
? To exhibit excellence in pursuit of research and innovative products with a zeal to serve the society

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

VISION
VISION
MISSION

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

MISSION


2 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)
1. Fundamentals
To provide students with a solid foundation in Mathematics, Science and fundamentals of engineering, enabling
them to apply, to find solutions for engineering problems and use this knowledge to acquire higher education
2. Core Competence

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To train the students in Computer science and engineering technologies so that they apply their knowledge and
training to compare, and to analyze various engineering industrial problems to find solutions
3. Breadth
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice this enables them to
find solutions for the real time problems in industry, and to design products

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4. Professionalism
To inculcate professional and effective communication skills, leadership qualities and team spirit in the students
to make them multi-faceted personalities and develop their ability to relate engineering issues to broader social
context
5. Lifelong Learning/Ethics

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To demonstrate and practice ethical and professional responsibilities in the industry and society in the large,
through commitment and lifelong learning needed for successful professional career

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4


PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)
a) To demonstrate and apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Electronics and Communication Engineering field
b) To design a component, a system or a process to meet the specific needs within the realistic constraints
such as economics, environment, ethics, health, safety and manufacturability
c) To demonstrate the competency to use software tools for computation, simulation and testing of electronics and
communication engineering circuits

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

d) To identify, formulate and solve electronic and communication engineering problems
e) To demonstrate an ability to visualize and work on laboratory and multidisciplinary tasks
f) To function as a member or a leader in multidisciplinary activities
g) To communicate in verbal and written form with fellow engineers and society at large
h) To understand the impact of Electronics and Communication Engineering in the society and demonstrate awareness

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

of contemporary issues and commitment to give solutions exhibiting social responsibility
i) To demonstrate professional & ethical responsibilities
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To participate and succeed in competitive exams

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

5 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

SYLLABUS
Learn the working of ARM processor
Understand the Building Blocks of Embedded Systems

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Learn the concept of memory map and memory interface
Know the characteristics of Real Time Systems
Write programs to interface memory, I/Os with processor
Study the interrupt performance
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

GRID COMPUTING LAB
Use Globus Toolkit or equivalent and do the following:
1. Develop a new Web Service for Calculator.
2. Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service.
3. Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4. Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs
5. Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus Toolkit.
6. Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it with and without
GRAM concept.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CLOUD COMPUTING LAB
Use Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent to set up the cloud and demonstrate.
1. Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines
COURSE OBJECTIVES

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

6 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

can be utilized at particular time.
2. Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

after the release of the virtual machine.
3. Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program.
4. Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other.
5. Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it.
6. Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

7. Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE.
8. Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it.
9. Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? Use the grid and cloud tool kits.
? Design and implement applications on the Grid.
? Design and Implement applications on the Cloud.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? Design network objects by applying the networking concepts.
? Create virtualization concept.
? Design web based applications.
? Apply cloud tools for resource allocation.
? Apply grid tools for network translation.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? Design private cloud using open stack.
COURSE OUTCOMES

7

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
CONTENTS
Sl. No. Name of the Experiment Page No.
CYCLE 1 ? EXPERIMENTS ( GRID COMPUTING)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1
Develop a new Web Service for Calculator 7
2
Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service 16
3

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service 19
4
Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs 22
5
Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Toolkit
25
6
Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it
with and without GRAM concept

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

27
CYCLE 2 ? EXPERIMENTS (CLOUD COMPUTING)
1
Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how
many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

34
2
Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it
holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
36

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

3 Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program 39
4
Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to
the other
42

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

5 Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it 45
6 Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster 47
7 Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE
ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS
1 Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it 52

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

2 Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks 55

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

8 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

INTRODUCTION TO GRID COMPUTING

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

GRID TECHNOLOGY

? Flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and
resource

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? Grid architecture
? Defined using services and protocols
? Using the ?sand hourglass? model similar to the TCP/IP protocol stack

"A computational grid is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides dependable, consistent, pervasive and

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

inexpensive access to high-end computational capabilities."
Grid computing makes it possible to dynamically share and coordinate dispersed, heterogeneous computing
resources. Flexibility and ubiquity are essential characteristics of Web services technologies such as WSDL (Web
Services Description Language), SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), and UDDI (Universal Description,
Discovery, and Integration).

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) combines technologies to unlock and exploit grid-attached resources.
OGSA defines mechanisms to create, manage, and exchange information between Grid Services, a special type of
Web service. The architecture uses WSDL extensively to describe the structure and behavior of a service. Service
descriptions are located and discovered using Web Services Inspection Language (WSIL). By combining elements
from grid computing and Web services technologies, OGSA establishes an extensible and interoperable design and

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

development framework for Grid Services that includes details for service definition, discovery, and life-cycle
management.


9 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

GLOBUS TOOLKIT

The Globus Toolkit provides software tools to make it easier to build computational grids and grid-based

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

applications. The Globus Toolkit is both an open architecture and open source toolkit.

? The Globus Toolkit is a product of the Globus Alliance (http://www.globus.org)
? It is middleware for developing grids
? The current release is 6.0.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? Four key protocols and APIs
? Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI)
? Grid Resource Allocation & Mgmt (GRAM)
? Grid Resource Information Protocol (GRIP) and Index Information Protocol (GIIP)
? Grid File Transfer Protocol (GridFTP)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? Implementations on many platforms
? Resources, security systems, data models,
? Various collective layer protocols & tools
? Info services, replica management, etc.
? A basis for many Grid-enabled tools & apps

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FTP, SSH, Condor, SRB, MPI, EDG, GridPort,
GLOBUS TOOLKIT? COMPONENTS
? Security
? GSI ? Grid Security Infrastructure
? Resource Management

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? GRAM ? Grid Resource Allocation Manager
o globusrun
o RSL
o gatekeeper
o job manager

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

o DUROC ? Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator
? Information Services
? MDS ? Monitoring and Discovery Service
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

0 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

College o f Engineering
?

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

DEPARTMENT OF
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
VII SEMESTER - R 2013

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Name : ______________________________________
Reg. No. : ______________________________________
Section : ______________________________________
LABORATORY MANUAL

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

DHANALAKSHMI

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and enterprising
professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and training.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic Excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart and
soul

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

To strive for acquiring, applying and imparting knowledge in Computer Science and Engineering through quality
education and to provide enthusiastic professionals with commitment

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? To produce highly competent and globally employable engineers in the field of Computer Science and
Engineering
? To inculcate human values among the student community and make them realize their commitment to the society

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? To exhibit excellence in pursuit of research and innovative products with a zeal to serve the society


VISION
VISION

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

MISSION
MISSION


2 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)
1. Fundamentals
To provide students with a solid foundation in Mathematics, Science and fundamentals of engineering, enabling
them to apply, to find solutions for engineering problems and use this knowledge to acquire higher education

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

2. Core Competence
To train the students in Computer science and engineering technologies so that they apply their knowledge and
training to compare, and to analyze various engineering industrial problems to find solutions
3. Breadth
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice this enables them to

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

find solutions for the real time problems in industry, and to design products
4. Professionalism
To inculcate professional and effective communication skills, leadership qualities and team spirit in the students
to make them multi-faceted personalities and develop their ability to relate engineering issues to broader social
context

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

5. Lifelong Learning/Ethics
To demonstrate and practice ethical and professional responsibilities in the industry and society in the large,
through commitment and lifelong learning needed for successful professional career

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4


PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a) To demonstrate and apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Electronics and Communication Engineering field
b) To design a component, a system or a process to meet the specific needs within the realistic constraints
such as economics, environment, ethics, health, safety and manufacturability
c) To demonstrate the competency to use software tools for computation, simulation and testing of electronics and

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

communication engineering circuits
d) To identify, formulate and solve electronic and communication engineering problems
e) To demonstrate an ability to visualize and work on laboratory and multidisciplinary tasks
f) To function as a member or a leader in multidisciplinary activities
g) To communicate in verbal and written form with fellow engineers and society at large

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

h) To understand the impact of Electronics and Communication Engineering in the society and demonstrate awareness
of contemporary issues and commitment to give solutions exhibiting social responsibility
i) To demonstrate professional & ethical responsibilities
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To participate and succeed in competitive exams

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

5 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

SYLLABUS
Learn the working of ARM processor

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Understand the Building Blocks of Embedded Systems
Learn the concept of memory map and memory interface
Know the characteristics of Real Time Systems
Write programs to interface memory, I/Os with processor
Study the interrupt performance

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
GRID COMPUTING LAB
Use Globus Toolkit or equivalent and do the following:
1. Develop a new Web Service for Calculator.
2. Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

3. Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service.
4. Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs
5. Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus Toolkit.
6. Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it with and without
GRAM concept.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CLOUD COMPUTING LAB
Use Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent to set up the cloud and demonstrate.
1. Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines
COURSE OBJECTIVES

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

6 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

can be utilized at particular time.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

2. Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even
after the release of the virtual machine.
3. Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program.
4. Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other.
5. Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

6. Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster.
7. Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE.
8. Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it.
9. Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? Use the grid and cloud tool kits.
? Design and implement applications on the Grid.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? Design and Implement applications on the Cloud.
? Design network objects by applying the networking concepts.
? Create virtualization concept.
? Design web based applications.
? Apply cloud tools for resource allocation.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? Apply grid tools for network translation.
? Design private cloud using open stack.
COURSE OUTCOMES

7

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
CONTENTS
Sl. No. Name of the Experiment Page No.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CYCLE 1 ? EXPERIMENTS ( GRID COMPUTING)
1
Develop a new Web Service for Calculator 7
2
Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service 16

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

3
Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service 19
4
Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs 22
5

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus
Toolkit
25
6
Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

with and without GRAM concept
27
CYCLE 2 ? EXPERIMENTS (CLOUD COMPUTING)
1
Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
34
2
Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it
holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

36
3 Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program 39
4
Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to
the other

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

42
5 Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it 45
6 Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster 47
7 Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE
ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1 Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it 52
2 Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks 55

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

8 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

INTRODUCTION TO GRID COMPUTING

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

GRID TECHNOLOGY

? Flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

resource
? Grid architecture
? Defined using services and protocols
? Using the ?sand hourglass? model similar to the TCP/IP protocol stack

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

"A computational grid is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides dependable, consistent, pervasive and
inexpensive access to high-end computational capabilities."
Grid computing makes it possible to dynamically share and coordinate dispersed, heterogeneous computing
resources. Flexibility and ubiquity are essential characteristics of Web services technologies such as WSDL (Web
Services Description Language), SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), and UDDI (Universal Description,

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Discovery, and Integration).
The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) combines technologies to unlock and exploit grid-attached resources.
OGSA defines mechanisms to create, manage, and exchange information between Grid Services, a special type of
Web service. The architecture uses WSDL extensively to describe the structure and behavior of a service. Service
descriptions are located and discovered using Web Services Inspection Language (WSIL). By combining elements

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

from grid computing and Web services technologies, OGSA establishes an extensible and interoperable design and
development framework for Grid Services that includes details for service definition, discovery, and life-cycle
management.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

9 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


GLOBUS TOOLKIT

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

The Globus Toolkit provides software tools to make it easier to build computational grids and grid-based
applications. The Globus Toolkit is both an open architecture and open source toolkit.

? The Globus Toolkit is a product of the Globus Alliance (http://www.globus.org)
? It is middleware for developing grids

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? The current release is 6.0.
? Four key protocols and APIs
? Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI)
? Grid Resource Allocation & Mgmt (GRAM)
? Grid Resource Information Protocol (GRIP) and Index Information Protocol (GIIP)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? Grid File Transfer Protocol (GridFTP)
? Implementations on many platforms
? Resources, security systems, data models,
? Various collective layer protocols & tools
? Info services, replica management, etc.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? A basis for many Grid-enabled tools & apps
FTP, SSH, Condor, SRB, MPI, EDG, GridPort,
GLOBUS TOOLKIT? COMPONENTS
? Security
? GSI ? Grid Security Infrastructure

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? Resource Management
? GRAM ? Grid Resource Allocation Manager
o globusrun
o RSL
o gatekeeper

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

o job manager
o DUROC ? Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator
? Information Services
? MDS ? Monitoring and Discovery Service

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

10 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

o GRIS ? Grid Resource Information Service
o GIIS ? Grid Index Information Service

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

o MDS Client
? Data Management
o GridFTP, GASS
The Globus Toolkit latest version 6.0 includes:
GSI: security

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

GridFTP: file transfer
GRAM: job execution/resource management
MyProxy: credential repository/certificate authority
GSI-OpenSSH: GSI secure single sign-on remote shell
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

0 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

College o f Engineering

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

?



DEPARTMENT OF

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
VII SEMESTER - R 2013

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Name : ______________________________________
Reg. No. : ______________________________________
Section : ______________________________________

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

LABORATORY MANUAL


1 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

DHANALAKSHMI


is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and enterprising
professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and training.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic Excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart and

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

soul

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

To strive for acquiring, applying and imparting knowledge in Computer Science and Engineering through quality

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

education and to provide enthusiastic professionals with commitment


? To produce highly competent and globally employable engineers in the field of Computer Science and
Engineering

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? To inculcate human values among the student community and make them realize their commitment to the society
? To exhibit excellence in pursuit of research and innovative products with a zeal to serve the society


VISION

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

VISION
MISSION
MISSION

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

2 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)
1. Fundamentals
To provide students with a solid foundation in Mathematics, Science and fundamentals of engineering, enabling

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

them to apply, to find solutions for engineering problems and use this knowledge to acquire higher education
2. Core Competence
To train the students in Computer science and engineering technologies so that they apply their knowledge and
training to compare, and to analyze various engineering industrial problems to find solutions
3. Breadth

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice this enables them to
find solutions for the real time problems in industry, and to design products
4. Professionalism
To inculcate professional and effective communication skills, leadership qualities and team spirit in the students
to make them multi-faceted personalities and develop their ability to relate engineering issues to broader social

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

context
5. Lifelong Learning/Ethics
To demonstrate and practice ethical and professional responsibilities in the industry and society in the large,
through commitment and lifelong learning needed for successful professional career

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)
a) To demonstrate and apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Electronics and Communication Engineering field
b) To design a component, a system or a process to meet the specific needs within the realistic constraints
such as economics, environment, ethics, health, safety and manufacturability

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

c) To demonstrate the competency to use software tools for computation, simulation and testing of electronics and
communication engineering circuits
d) To identify, formulate and solve electronic and communication engineering problems
e) To demonstrate an ability to visualize and work on laboratory and multidisciplinary tasks
f) To function as a member or a leader in multidisciplinary activities

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

g) To communicate in verbal and written form with fellow engineers and society at large
h) To understand the impact of Electronics and Communication Engineering in the society and demonstrate awareness
of contemporary issues and commitment to give solutions exhibiting social responsibility
i) To demonstrate professional & ethical responsibilities
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

k) To participate and succeed in competitive exams

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

5 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

SYLLABUS

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Learn the working of ARM processor
Understand the Building Blocks of Embedded Systems
Learn the concept of memory map and memory interface
Know the characteristics of Real Time Systems
Write programs to interface memory, I/Os with processor

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Study the interrupt performance
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
GRID COMPUTING LAB
Use Globus Toolkit or equivalent and do the following:
1. Develop a new Web Service for Calculator.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

2. Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service.
3. Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service.
4. Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs
5. Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus Toolkit.
6. Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it with and without

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

GRAM concept.

CLOUD COMPUTING LAB
Use Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent to set up the cloud and demonstrate.
1. Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

COURSE OBJECTIVES


6 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

can be utilized at particular time.
2. Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even
after the release of the virtual machine.
3. Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program.
4. Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

5. Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it.
6. Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster.
7. Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE.
8. Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it.
9. Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? Use the grid and cloud tool kits.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? Design and implement applications on the Grid.
? Design and Implement applications on the Cloud.
? Design network objects by applying the networking concepts.
? Create virtualization concept.
? Design web based applications.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? Apply cloud tools for resource allocation.
? Apply grid tools for network translation.
? Design private cloud using open stack.
COURSE OUTCOMES

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

7


CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
CONTENTS

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Sl. No. Name of the Experiment Page No.
CYCLE 1 ? EXPERIMENTS ( GRID COMPUTING)
1
Develop a new Web Service for Calculator 7
2

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service 16
3
Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service 19
4
Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs 22

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

5
Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus
Toolkit
25
6

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it
with and without GRAM concept
27
CYCLE 2 ? EXPERIMENTS (CLOUD COMPUTING)
1

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how
many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
34
2
Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
36
3 Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program 39
4
Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

the other
42
5 Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it 45
6 Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster 47
7 Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS
1 Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it 52
2 Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks 55

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

8 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

INTRODUCTION TO GRID COMPUTING


GRID TECHNOLOGY

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? Flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and
resource
? Grid architecture
? Defined using services and protocols
? Using the ?sand hourglass? model similar to the TCP/IP protocol stack

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

"A computational grid is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides dependable, consistent, pervasive and
inexpensive access to high-end computational capabilities."
Grid computing makes it possible to dynamically share and coordinate dispersed, heterogeneous computing
resources. Flexibility and ubiquity are essential characteristics of Web services technologies such as WSDL (Web

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Services Description Language), SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), and UDDI (Universal Description,
Discovery, and Integration).
The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) combines technologies to unlock and exploit grid-attached resources.
OGSA defines mechanisms to create, manage, and exchange information between Grid Services, a special type of
Web service. The architecture uses WSDL extensively to describe the structure and behavior of a service. Service

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

descriptions are located and discovered using Web Services Inspection Language (WSIL). By combining elements
from grid computing and Web services technologies, OGSA establishes an extensible and interoperable design and
development framework for Grid Services that includes details for service definition, discovery, and life-cycle
management.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

9 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


GLOBUS TOOLKIT

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

The Globus Toolkit provides software tools to make it easier to build computational grids and grid-based
applications. The Globus Toolkit is both an open architecture and open source toolkit.

? The Globus Toolkit is a product of the Globus Alliance (http://www.globus.org)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? It is middleware for developing grids
? The current release is 6.0.
? Four key protocols and APIs
? Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI)
? Grid Resource Allocation & Mgmt (GRAM)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? Grid Resource Information Protocol (GRIP) and Index Information Protocol (GIIP)
? Grid File Transfer Protocol (GridFTP)
? Implementations on many platforms
? Resources, security systems, data models,
? Various collective layer protocols & tools

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? Info services, replica management, etc.
? A basis for many Grid-enabled tools & apps
FTP, SSH, Condor, SRB, MPI, EDG, GridPort,
GLOBUS TOOLKIT? COMPONENTS
? Security

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? GSI ? Grid Security Infrastructure
? Resource Management
? GRAM ? Grid Resource Allocation Manager
o globusrun
o RSL

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

o gatekeeper
o job manager
o DUROC ? Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator
? Information Services
? MDS ? Monitoring and Discovery Service

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

10 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

o GRIS ? Grid Resource Information Service

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

o GIIS ? Grid Index Information Service
o MDS Client
? Data Management
o GridFTP, GASS
The Globus Toolkit latest version 6.0 includes:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

GSI: security
GridFTP: file transfer
GRAM: job execution/resource management
MyProxy: credential repository/certificate authority
GSI-OpenSSH: GSI secure single sign-on remote shell

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

11 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

GLOBUS TOOLKIT INSTALLATION PROCEDURE

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Step1: For installing Globus Toolkit nothing more easy than download the latest package:
http://toolkit.globus.org/ftppub/gt6/installers/repo/globus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
sudodpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Step2: Update the repositories: sudo apt-get update
Step3: To install Debian or Ubuntu package, download the globus-toolkit-repo package

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

from the link above and install it with the command:
root@sysa63:/home/#dpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Do the following for Debian-based systems:
root@sysa63:/home/#apt-get install globus-data-management-client

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

0 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

College o f Engineering

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

?



DEPARTMENT OF

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
VII SEMESTER - R 2013

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Name : ______________________________________
Reg. No. : ______________________________________
Section : ______________________________________

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

LABORATORY MANUAL


1 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

DHANALAKSHMI


is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and enterprising
professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and training.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic Excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart and

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

soul

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

To strive for acquiring, applying and imparting knowledge in Computer Science and Engineering through quality

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

education and to provide enthusiastic professionals with commitment


? To produce highly competent and globally employable engineers in the field of Computer Science and
Engineering

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? To inculcate human values among the student community and make them realize their commitment to the society
? To exhibit excellence in pursuit of research and innovative products with a zeal to serve the society


VISION

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

VISION
MISSION
MISSION

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

2 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)
1. Fundamentals
To provide students with a solid foundation in Mathematics, Science and fundamentals of engineering, enabling

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

them to apply, to find solutions for engineering problems and use this knowledge to acquire higher education
2. Core Competence
To train the students in Computer science and engineering technologies so that they apply their knowledge and
training to compare, and to analyze various engineering industrial problems to find solutions
3. Breadth

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice this enables them to
find solutions for the real time problems in industry, and to design products
4. Professionalism
To inculcate professional and effective communication skills, leadership qualities and team spirit in the students
to make them multi-faceted personalities and develop their ability to relate engineering issues to broader social

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

context
5. Lifelong Learning/Ethics
To demonstrate and practice ethical and professional responsibilities in the industry and society in the large,
through commitment and lifelong learning needed for successful professional career

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)
a) To demonstrate and apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Electronics and Communication Engineering field
b) To design a component, a system or a process to meet the specific needs within the realistic constraints
such as economics, environment, ethics, health, safety and manufacturability

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

c) To demonstrate the competency to use software tools for computation, simulation and testing of electronics and
communication engineering circuits
d) To identify, formulate and solve electronic and communication engineering problems
e) To demonstrate an ability to visualize and work on laboratory and multidisciplinary tasks
f) To function as a member or a leader in multidisciplinary activities

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

g) To communicate in verbal and written form with fellow engineers and society at large
h) To understand the impact of Electronics and Communication Engineering in the society and demonstrate awareness
of contemporary issues and commitment to give solutions exhibiting social responsibility
i) To demonstrate professional & ethical responsibilities
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

k) To participate and succeed in competitive exams

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

5 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

SYLLABUS

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Learn the working of ARM processor
Understand the Building Blocks of Embedded Systems
Learn the concept of memory map and memory interface
Know the characteristics of Real Time Systems
Write programs to interface memory, I/Os with processor

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Study the interrupt performance
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
GRID COMPUTING LAB
Use Globus Toolkit or equivalent and do the following:
1. Develop a new Web Service for Calculator.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

2. Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service.
3. Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service.
4. Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs
5. Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus Toolkit.
6. Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it with and without

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

GRAM concept.

CLOUD COMPUTING LAB
Use Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent to set up the cloud and demonstrate.
1. Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

COURSE OBJECTIVES


6 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

can be utilized at particular time.
2. Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even
after the release of the virtual machine.
3. Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program.
4. Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

5. Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it.
6. Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster.
7. Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE.
8. Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it.
9. Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? Use the grid and cloud tool kits.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? Design and implement applications on the Grid.
? Design and Implement applications on the Cloud.
? Design network objects by applying the networking concepts.
? Create virtualization concept.
? Design web based applications.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? Apply cloud tools for resource allocation.
? Apply grid tools for network translation.
? Design private cloud using open stack.
COURSE OUTCOMES

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

7


CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
CONTENTS

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Sl. No. Name of the Experiment Page No.
CYCLE 1 ? EXPERIMENTS ( GRID COMPUTING)
1
Develop a new Web Service for Calculator 7
2

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service 16
3
Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service 19
4
Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs 22

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

5
Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus
Toolkit
25
6

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it
with and without GRAM concept
27
CYCLE 2 ? EXPERIMENTS (CLOUD COMPUTING)
1

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how
many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
34
2
Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
36
3 Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program 39
4
Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

the other
42
5 Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it 45
6 Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster 47
7 Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS
1 Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it 52
2 Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks 55

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

8 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

INTRODUCTION TO GRID COMPUTING


GRID TECHNOLOGY

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? Flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and
resource
? Grid architecture
? Defined using services and protocols
? Using the ?sand hourglass? model similar to the TCP/IP protocol stack

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

"A computational grid is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides dependable, consistent, pervasive and
inexpensive access to high-end computational capabilities."
Grid computing makes it possible to dynamically share and coordinate dispersed, heterogeneous computing
resources. Flexibility and ubiquity are essential characteristics of Web services technologies such as WSDL (Web

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Services Description Language), SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), and UDDI (Universal Description,
Discovery, and Integration).
The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) combines technologies to unlock and exploit grid-attached resources.
OGSA defines mechanisms to create, manage, and exchange information between Grid Services, a special type of
Web service. The architecture uses WSDL extensively to describe the structure and behavior of a service. Service

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

descriptions are located and discovered using Web Services Inspection Language (WSIL). By combining elements
from grid computing and Web services technologies, OGSA establishes an extensible and interoperable design and
development framework for Grid Services that includes details for service definition, discovery, and life-cycle
management.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

9 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


GLOBUS TOOLKIT

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

The Globus Toolkit provides software tools to make it easier to build computational grids and grid-based
applications. The Globus Toolkit is both an open architecture and open source toolkit.

? The Globus Toolkit is a product of the Globus Alliance (http://www.globus.org)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? It is middleware for developing grids
? The current release is 6.0.
? Four key protocols and APIs
? Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI)
? Grid Resource Allocation & Mgmt (GRAM)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? Grid Resource Information Protocol (GRIP) and Index Information Protocol (GIIP)
? Grid File Transfer Protocol (GridFTP)
? Implementations on many platforms
? Resources, security systems, data models,
? Various collective layer protocols & tools

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? Info services, replica management, etc.
? A basis for many Grid-enabled tools & apps
FTP, SSH, Condor, SRB, MPI, EDG, GridPort,
GLOBUS TOOLKIT? COMPONENTS
? Security

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? GSI ? Grid Security Infrastructure
? Resource Management
? GRAM ? Grid Resource Allocation Manager
o globusrun
o RSL

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

o gatekeeper
o job manager
o DUROC ? Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator
? Information Services
? MDS ? Monitoring and Discovery Service

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

10 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

o GRIS ? Grid Resource Information Service

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

o GIIS ? Grid Index Information Service
o MDS Client
? Data Management
o GridFTP, GASS
The Globus Toolkit latest version 6.0 includes:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

GSI: security
GridFTP: file transfer
GRAM: job execution/resource management
MyProxy: credential repository/certificate authority
GSI-OpenSSH: GSI secure single sign-on remote shell

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

11 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

GLOBUS TOOLKIT INSTALLATION PROCEDURE

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Step1: For installing Globus Toolkit nothing more easy than download the latest package:
http://toolkit.globus.org/ftppub/gt6/installers/repo/globus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
sudodpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Step2: Update the repositories: sudo apt-get update
Step3: To install Debian or Ubuntu package, download the globus-toolkit-repo package

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

from the link above and install it with the command:
root@sysa63:/home/#dpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Do the following for Debian-based systems:
root@sysa63:/home/#apt-get install globus-data-management-client

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

12 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 01: DEVELOP A NEW WEB SERVICE FOR CALCULATOR

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Aim:
Develop a Web Service for new Calculator
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Our first web service is an extremely simple Math Web Service, which we'll refer to asMathService. It will
2. allow users to perform the following operations:
a. Addition

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

b. Subtraction
3. Furthermore, MathService will have the following resource properties (RPs for short):
a. Value (integer)
b. Last operation performed (string)
4. We will also add a "Get Value" operation to access the Value RP. Once a new resource is created, the

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

"value" RP is initialized to zero, and the "last operation" RP is initialized to "NONE". The parameter is
added/subtracted to the "value" RP, and the "last operation" RP is changed to "ADDITION" or
"SUBTRACTION" accordingly. Also, the addition and subtraction operations don't return anything.
5. Writing and deploying a WSRF Web Service is easier than you might think. You just have to follow five
simple steps.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

6. Define the service's interface. This is done with WSDL
7. Implement the service. This is done with Java.
8. Define the deployment parameters. This is done with WSDD and JNDI
9. Compile everything and generate a GAR file. This is done with Ant
10. Deploy service. This is also done with a GT4 tool

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Sample Code:

_instance"
xmlns ="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

xmlns:tns="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/examples/core/MathService_instance"
xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsrp="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-
ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.xsd" xmlns:wsrpw="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

0 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

College o f Engineering
?

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

DEPARTMENT OF
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
VII SEMESTER - R 2013

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Name : ______________________________________
Reg. No. : ______________________________________
Section : ______________________________________
LABORATORY MANUAL

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

DHANALAKSHMI

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and enterprising
professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and training.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic Excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart and
soul

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

To strive for acquiring, applying and imparting knowledge in Computer Science and Engineering through quality
education and to provide enthusiastic professionals with commitment

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? To produce highly competent and globally employable engineers in the field of Computer Science and
Engineering
? To inculcate human values among the student community and make them realize their commitment to the society

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? To exhibit excellence in pursuit of research and innovative products with a zeal to serve the society


VISION
VISION

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

MISSION
MISSION


2 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)
1. Fundamentals
To provide students with a solid foundation in Mathematics, Science and fundamentals of engineering, enabling
them to apply, to find solutions for engineering problems and use this knowledge to acquire higher education

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

2. Core Competence
To train the students in Computer science and engineering technologies so that they apply their knowledge and
training to compare, and to analyze various engineering industrial problems to find solutions
3. Breadth
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice this enables them to

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

find solutions for the real time problems in industry, and to design products
4. Professionalism
To inculcate professional and effective communication skills, leadership qualities and team spirit in the students
to make them multi-faceted personalities and develop their ability to relate engineering issues to broader social
context

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

5. Lifelong Learning/Ethics
To demonstrate and practice ethical and professional responsibilities in the industry and society in the large,
through commitment and lifelong learning needed for successful professional career

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4


PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a) To demonstrate and apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Electronics and Communication Engineering field
b) To design a component, a system or a process to meet the specific needs within the realistic constraints
such as economics, environment, ethics, health, safety and manufacturability
c) To demonstrate the competency to use software tools for computation, simulation and testing of electronics and

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

communication engineering circuits
d) To identify, formulate and solve electronic and communication engineering problems
e) To demonstrate an ability to visualize and work on laboratory and multidisciplinary tasks
f) To function as a member or a leader in multidisciplinary activities
g) To communicate in verbal and written form with fellow engineers and society at large

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

h) To understand the impact of Electronics and Communication Engineering in the society and demonstrate awareness
of contemporary issues and commitment to give solutions exhibiting social responsibility
i) To demonstrate professional & ethical responsibilities
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To participate and succeed in competitive exams

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

5 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

SYLLABUS
Learn the working of ARM processor

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Understand the Building Blocks of Embedded Systems
Learn the concept of memory map and memory interface
Know the characteristics of Real Time Systems
Write programs to interface memory, I/Os with processor
Study the interrupt performance

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
GRID COMPUTING LAB
Use Globus Toolkit or equivalent and do the following:
1. Develop a new Web Service for Calculator.
2. Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

3. Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service.
4. Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs
5. Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus Toolkit.
6. Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it with and without
GRAM concept.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CLOUD COMPUTING LAB
Use Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent to set up the cloud and demonstrate.
1. Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines
COURSE OBJECTIVES

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

6 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

can be utilized at particular time.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

2. Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even
after the release of the virtual machine.
3. Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program.
4. Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other.
5. Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

6. Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster.
7. Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE.
8. Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it.
9. Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? Use the grid and cloud tool kits.
? Design and implement applications on the Grid.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? Design and Implement applications on the Cloud.
? Design network objects by applying the networking concepts.
? Create virtualization concept.
? Design web based applications.
? Apply cloud tools for resource allocation.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? Apply grid tools for network translation.
? Design private cloud using open stack.
COURSE OUTCOMES

7

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
CONTENTS
Sl. No. Name of the Experiment Page No.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CYCLE 1 ? EXPERIMENTS ( GRID COMPUTING)
1
Develop a new Web Service for Calculator 7
2
Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service 16

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

3
Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service 19
4
Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs 22
5

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus
Toolkit
25
6
Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

with and without GRAM concept
27
CYCLE 2 ? EXPERIMENTS (CLOUD COMPUTING)
1
Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
34
2
Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it
holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

36
3 Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program 39
4
Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to
the other

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

42
5 Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it 45
6 Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster 47
7 Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE
ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1 Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it 52
2 Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks 55

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

8 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

INTRODUCTION TO GRID COMPUTING

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

GRID TECHNOLOGY

? Flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

resource
? Grid architecture
? Defined using services and protocols
? Using the ?sand hourglass? model similar to the TCP/IP protocol stack

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

"A computational grid is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides dependable, consistent, pervasive and
inexpensive access to high-end computational capabilities."
Grid computing makes it possible to dynamically share and coordinate dispersed, heterogeneous computing
resources. Flexibility and ubiquity are essential characteristics of Web services technologies such as WSDL (Web
Services Description Language), SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), and UDDI (Universal Description,

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Discovery, and Integration).
The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) combines technologies to unlock and exploit grid-attached resources.
OGSA defines mechanisms to create, manage, and exchange information between Grid Services, a special type of
Web service. The architecture uses WSDL extensively to describe the structure and behavior of a service. Service
descriptions are located and discovered using Web Services Inspection Language (WSIL). By combining elements

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

from grid computing and Web services technologies, OGSA establishes an extensible and interoperable design and
development framework for Grid Services that includes details for service definition, discovery, and life-cycle
management.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

9 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


GLOBUS TOOLKIT

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

The Globus Toolkit provides software tools to make it easier to build computational grids and grid-based
applications. The Globus Toolkit is both an open architecture and open source toolkit.

? The Globus Toolkit is a product of the Globus Alliance (http://www.globus.org)
? It is middleware for developing grids

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? The current release is 6.0.
? Four key protocols and APIs
? Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI)
? Grid Resource Allocation & Mgmt (GRAM)
? Grid Resource Information Protocol (GRIP) and Index Information Protocol (GIIP)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? Grid File Transfer Protocol (GridFTP)
? Implementations on many platforms
? Resources, security systems, data models,
? Various collective layer protocols & tools
? Info services, replica management, etc.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? A basis for many Grid-enabled tools & apps
FTP, SSH, Condor, SRB, MPI, EDG, GridPort,
GLOBUS TOOLKIT? COMPONENTS
? Security
? GSI ? Grid Security Infrastructure

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? Resource Management
? GRAM ? Grid Resource Allocation Manager
o globusrun
o RSL
o gatekeeper

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

o job manager
o DUROC ? Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator
? Information Services
? MDS ? Monitoring and Discovery Service

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

10 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

o GRIS ? Grid Resource Information Service
o GIIS ? Grid Index Information Service

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

o MDS Client
? Data Management
o GridFTP, GASS
The Globus Toolkit latest version 6.0 includes:
GSI: security

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

GridFTP: file transfer
GRAM: job execution/resource management
MyProxy: credential repository/certificate authority
GSI-OpenSSH: GSI secure single sign-on remote shell

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

11 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

GLOBUS TOOLKIT INSTALLATION PROCEDURE
Step1: For installing Globus Toolkit nothing more easy than download the latest package:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

http://toolkit.globus.org/ftppub/gt6/installers/repo/globus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
sudodpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Step2: Update the repositories: sudo apt-get update
Step3: To install Debian or Ubuntu package, download the globus-toolkit-repo package
from the link above and install it with the command:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

root@sysa63:/home/#dpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Do the following for Debian-based systems:
root@sysa63:/home/#apt-get install globus-data-management-client

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

12 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 01: DEVELOP A NEW WEB SERVICE FOR CALCULATOR

Aim:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Develop a Web Service for new Calculator
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Procedure:
1. Our first web service is an extremely simple Math Web Service, which we'll refer to asMathService. It will
2. allow users to perform the following operations:
a. Addition
b. Subtraction

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

3. Furthermore, MathService will have the following resource properties (RPs for short):
a. Value (integer)
b. Last operation performed (string)
4. We will also add a "Get Value" operation to access the Value RP. Once a new resource is created, the
"value" RP is initialized to zero, and the "last operation" RP is initialized to "NONE". The parameter is

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

added/subtracted to the "value" RP, and the "last operation" RP is changed to "ADDITION" or
"SUBTRACTION" accordingly. Also, the addition and subtraction operations don't return anything.
5. Writing and deploying a WSRF Web Service is easier than you might think. You just have to follow five
simple steps.
6. Define the service's interface. This is done with WSDL

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

7. Implement the service. This is done with Java.
8. Define the deployment parameters. This is done with WSDD and JNDI
9. Compile everything and generate a GAR file. This is done with Ant
10. Deploy service. This is also done with a GT4 tool

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Sample Code:

_instance"
xmlns ="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"
xmlns:tns="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/examples/core/MathService_instance"

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsrp="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-
ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.xsd" xmlns:wsrpw="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-


13 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.wsdl"
xmlns:wsdlpp="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/2004/10/WSDLPreprocessor"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Result:
Thus the program for developing web service for new calculator was successfully executed.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice


0 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

College o f Engineering
?

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

DEPARTMENT OF
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
VII SEMESTER - R 2013

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Name : ______________________________________
Reg. No. : ______________________________________

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Section : ______________________________________
LABORATORY MANUAL


1 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

DHANALAKSHMI


is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and enterprising

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and training.


? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic Excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at different levels

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart and
soul

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To strive for acquiring, applying and imparting knowledge in Computer Science and Engineering through quality
education and to provide enthusiastic professionals with commitment


? To produce highly competent and globally employable engineers in the field of Computer Science and

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Engineering
? To inculcate human values among the student community and make them realize their commitment to the society
? To exhibit excellence in pursuit of research and innovative products with a zeal to serve the society

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

VISION
VISION
MISSION
MISSION

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

2 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)
1. Fundamentals

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To provide students with a solid foundation in Mathematics, Science and fundamentals of engineering, enabling
them to apply, to find solutions for engineering problems and use this knowledge to acquire higher education
2. Core Competence
To train the students in Computer science and engineering technologies so that they apply their knowledge and
training to compare, and to analyze various engineering industrial problems to find solutions

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

3. Breadth
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice this enables them to
find solutions for the real time problems in industry, and to design products
4. Professionalism
To inculcate professional and effective communication skills, leadership qualities and team spirit in the students

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

to make them multi-faceted personalities and develop their ability to relate engineering issues to broader social
context
5. Lifelong Learning/Ethics
To demonstrate and practice ethical and professional responsibilities in the industry and society in the large,
through commitment and lifelong learning needed for successful professional career

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)
a) To demonstrate and apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Electronics and Communication Engineering field
b) To design a component, a system or a process to meet the specific needs within the realistic constraints

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

such as economics, environment, ethics, health, safety and manufacturability
c) To demonstrate the competency to use software tools for computation, simulation and testing of electronics and
communication engineering circuits
d) To identify, formulate and solve electronic and communication engineering problems
e) To demonstrate an ability to visualize and work on laboratory and multidisciplinary tasks

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

f) To function as a member or a leader in multidisciplinary activities
g) To communicate in verbal and written form with fellow engineers and society at large
h) To understand the impact of Electronics and Communication Engineering in the society and demonstrate awareness
of contemporary issues and commitment to give solutions exhibiting social responsibility
i) To demonstrate professional & ethical responsibilities

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To participate and succeed in competitive exams

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

5 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

SYLLABUS
Learn the working of ARM processor
Understand the Building Blocks of Embedded Systems
Learn the concept of memory map and memory interface
Know the characteristics of Real Time Systems

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Write programs to interface memory, I/Os with processor
Study the interrupt performance
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
GRID COMPUTING LAB
Use Globus Toolkit or equivalent and do the following:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1. Develop a new Web Service for Calculator.
2. Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service.
3. Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service.
4. Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs
5. Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus Toolkit.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

6. Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it with and without
GRAM concept.

CLOUD COMPUTING LAB
Use Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent to set up the cloud and demonstrate.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1. Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines
COURSE OBJECTIVES


6 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

can be utilized at particular time.
2. Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even
after the release of the virtual machine.
3. Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4. Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other.
5. Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it.
6. Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster.
7. Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE.
8. Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

9. Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? Use the grid and cloud tool kits.
? Design and implement applications on the Grid.
? Design and Implement applications on the Cloud.
? Design network objects by applying the networking concepts.
? Create virtualization concept.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? Design web based applications.
? Apply cloud tools for resource allocation.
? Apply grid tools for network translation.
? Design private cloud using open stack.
COURSE OUTCOMES

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

7


CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CONTENTS
Sl. No. Name of the Experiment Page No.
CYCLE 1 ? EXPERIMENTS ( GRID COMPUTING)
1
Develop a new Web Service for Calculator 7

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

2
Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service 16
3
Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service 19
4

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs 22
5
Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus
Toolkit
25

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

6
Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it
with and without GRAM concept
27
CYCLE 2 ? EXPERIMENTS (CLOUD COMPUTING)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1
Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how
many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
34
2

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it
holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
36
3 Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program 39
4

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to
the other
42
5 Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it 45
6 Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster 47

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

7 Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE
ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS
1 Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it 52
2 Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks 55

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8 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO GRID COMPUTING


GRID TECHNOLOGY

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? Flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and
resource
? Grid architecture
? Defined using services and protocols

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? Using the ?sand hourglass? model similar to the TCP/IP protocol stack

"A computational grid is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides dependable, consistent, pervasive and
inexpensive access to high-end computational capabilities."
Grid computing makes it possible to dynamically share and coordinate dispersed, heterogeneous computing

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resources. Flexibility and ubiquity are essential characteristics of Web services technologies such as WSDL (Web
Services Description Language), SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), and UDDI (Universal Description,
Discovery, and Integration).
The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) combines technologies to unlock and exploit grid-attached resources.
OGSA defines mechanisms to create, manage, and exchange information between Grid Services, a special type of

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Web service. The architecture uses WSDL extensively to describe the structure and behavior of a service. Service
descriptions are located and discovered using Web Services Inspection Language (WSIL). By combining elements
from grid computing and Web services technologies, OGSA establishes an extensible and interoperable design and
development framework for Grid Services that includes details for service definition, discovery, and life-cycle
management.

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9 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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GLOBUS TOOLKIT

The Globus Toolkit provides software tools to make it easier to build computational grids and grid-based
applications. The Globus Toolkit is both an open architecture and open source toolkit.

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? The Globus Toolkit is a product of the Globus Alliance (http://www.globus.org)
? It is middleware for developing grids
? The current release is 6.0.
? Four key protocols and APIs
? Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI)

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? Grid Resource Allocation & Mgmt (GRAM)
? Grid Resource Information Protocol (GRIP) and Index Information Protocol (GIIP)
? Grid File Transfer Protocol (GridFTP)
? Implementations on many platforms
? Resources, security systems, data models,

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? Various collective layer protocols & tools
? Info services, replica management, etc.
? A basis for many Grid-enabled tools & apps
FTP, SSH, Condor, SRB, MPI, EDG, GridPort,
GLOBUS TOOLKIT? COMPONENTS

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? Security
? GSI ? Grid Security Infrastructure
? Resource Management
? GRAM ? Grid Resource Allocation Manager
o globusrun

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o RSL
o gatekeeper
o job manager
o DUROC ? Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator
? Information Services

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? MDS ? Monitoring and Discovery Service


10 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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o GRIS ? Grid Resource Information Service
o GIIS ? Grid Index Information Service
o MDS Client
? Data Management
o GridFTP, GASS

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The Globus Toolkit latest version 6.0 includes:
GSI: security
GridFTP: file transfer
GRAM: job execution/resource management
MyProxy: credential repository/certificate authority

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GSI-OpenSSH: GSI secure single sign-on remote shell


11 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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GLOBUS TOOLKIT INSTALLATION PROCEDURE
Step1: For installing Globus Toolkit nothing more easy than download the latest package:
http://toolkit.globus.org/ftppub/gt6/installers/repo/globus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
sudodpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Step2: Update the repositories: sudo apt-get update

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Step3: To install Debian or Ubuntu package, download the globus-toolkit-repo package
from the link above and install it with the command:
root@sysa63:/home/#dpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Do the following for Debian-based systems:
root@sysa63:/home/#apt-get install globus-data-management-client

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12 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 01: DEVELOP A NEW WEB SERVICE FOR CALCULATOR

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Aim:
Develop a Web Service for new Calculator
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Our first web service is an extremely simple Math Web Service, which we'll refer to asMathService. It will
2. allow users to perform the following operations:

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a. Addition
b. Subtraction
3. Furthermore, MathService will have the following resource properties (RPs for short):
a. Value (integer)
b. Last operation performed (string)

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4. We will also add a "Get Value" operation to access the Value RP. Once a new resource is created, the
"value" RP is initialized to zero, and the "last operation" RP is initialized to "NONE". The parameter is
added/subtracted to the "value" RP, and the "last operation" RP is changed to "ADDITION" or
"SUBTRACTION" accordingly. Also, the addition and subtraction operations don't return anything.
5. Writing and deploying a WSRF Web Service is easier than you might think. You just have to follow five

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simple steps.
6. Define the service's interface. This is done with WSDL
7. Implement the service. This is done with Java.
8. Define the deployment parameters. This is done with WSDD and JNDI
9. Compile everything and generate a GAR file. This is done with Ant

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10. Deploy service. This is also done with a GT4 tool

Sample Code:

_instance"

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xmlns ="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"
xmlns:tns="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/examples/core/MathService_instance"
xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsrp="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-
ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.xsd" xmlns:wsrpw="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-

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13 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.wsdl"
xmlns:wsdlpp="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/2004/10/WSDLPreprocessor"

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xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">

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Result:

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Thus the program for developing web service for new calculator was successfully executed.



14 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid by using Web Service for new Calculator

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Applications:
To make a calculator in Windows application using web service


1) What is Web Service?

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2) What are the advantages of web services?
3) What are the different types of web services?
4) What is SOAP?
5) What are the advantages of SOAP web services?
6) What are the disadvantages of SOAP web services?

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7) What is WSDL?
8) What is UDDI?
9) What are RESTful web services?
10) What are the advantages of RESTful web services?
11) What is the difference between SOAP and REST web services?

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12) What is SOA service architecture?
13) What tools are used to deploy web services?
14) What is Web Service architecture?
15) What are the advantages of web services in globus toolkit?
16) What are the different types of web services?

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17) What is SOAP web services?
18) What is UDP and TCP?
19) What is stateless SOA?
20) What is data balancing in WSDL?
Viva-voce

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FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice


0 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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College o f Engineering
?

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DEPARTMENT OF
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
VII SEMESTER - R 2013

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Name : ______________________________________
Reg. No. : ______________________________________

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Section : ______________________________________
LABORATORY MANUAL


1 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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DHANALAKSHMI


is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and enterprising

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professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and training.


? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic Excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at different levels

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? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart and
soul

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

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To strive for acquiring, applying and imparting knowledge in Computer Science and Engineering through quality
education and to provide enthusiastic professionals with commitment


? To produce highly competent and globally employable engineers in the field of Computer Science and

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Engineering
? To inculcate human values among the student community and make them realize their commitment to the society
? To exhibit excellence in pursuit of research and innovative products with a zeal to serve the society

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VISION
VISION
MISSION
MISSION

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2 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)
1. Fundamentals

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To provide students with a solid foundation in Mathematics, Science and fundamentals of engineering, enabling
them to apply, to find solutions for engineering problems and use this knowledge to acquire higher education
2. Core Competence
To train the students in Computer science and engineering technologies so that they apply their knowledge and
training to compare, and to analyze various engineering industrial problems to find solutions

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3. Breadth
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice this enables them to
find solutions for the real time problems in industry, and to design products
4. Professionalism
To inculcate professional and effective communication skills, leadership qualities and team spirit in the students

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to make them multi-faceted personalities and develop their ability to relate engineering issues to broader social
context
5. Lifelong Learning/Ethics
To demonstrate and practice ethical and professional responsibilities in the industry and society in the large,
through commitment and lifelong learning needed for successful professional career

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4

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PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)
a) To demonstrate and apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Electronics and Communication Engineering field
b) To design a component, a system or a process to meet the specific needs within the realistic constraints

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such as economics, environment, ethics, health, safety and manufacturability
c) To demonstrate the competency to use software tools for computation, simulation and testing of electronics and
communication engineering circuits
d) To identify, formulate and solve electronic and communication engineering problems
e) To demonstrate an ability to visualize and work on laboratory and multidisciplinary tasks

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f) To function as a member or a leader in multidisciplinary activities
g) To communicate in verbal and written form with fellow engineers and society at large
h) To understand the impact of Electronics and Communication Engineering in the society and demonstrate awareness
of contemporary issues and commitment to give solutions exhibiting social responsibility
i) To demonstrate professional & ethical responsibilities

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j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To participate and succeed in competitive exams

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5 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

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SYLLABUS
Learn the working of ARM processor
Understand the Building Blocks of Embedded Systems
Learn the concept of memory map and memory interface
Know the characteristics of Real Time Systems

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Write programs to interface memory, I/Os with processor
Study the interrupt performance
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
GRID COMPUTING LAB
Use Globus Toolkit or equivalent and do the following:

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1. Develop a new Web Service for Calculator.
2. Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service.
3. Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service.
4. Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs
5. Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus Toolkit.

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6. Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it with and without
GRAM concept.

CLOUD COMPUTING LAB
Use Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent to set up the cloud and demonstrate.

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1. Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines
COURSE OBJECTIVES


6 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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can be utilized at particular time.
2. Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even
after the release of the virtual machine.
3. Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program.

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4. Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other.
5. Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it.
6. Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster.
7. Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE.
8. Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it.

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9. Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits.
? Design and implement applications on the Grid.
? Design and Implement applications on the Cloud.
? Design network objects by applying the networking concepts.
? Create virtualization concept.

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? Design web based applications.
? Apply cloud tools for resource allocation.
? Apply grid tools for network translation.
? Design private cloud using open stack.
COURSE OUTCOMES

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7


CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

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CONTENTS
Sl. No. Name of the Experiment Page No.
CYCLE 1 ? EXPERIMENTS ( GRID COMPUTING)
1
Develop a new Web Service for Calculator 7

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2
Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service 16
3
Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service 19
4

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Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs 22
5
Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus
Toolkit
25

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6
Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it
with and without GRAM concept
27
CYCLE 2 ? EXPERIMENTS (CLOUD COMPUTING)

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1
Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how
many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
34
2

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Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it
holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
36
3 Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program 39
4

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Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to
the other
42
5 Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it 45
6 Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster 47

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7 Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE
ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS
1 Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it 52
2 Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks 55

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8 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO GRID COMPUTING


GRID TECHNOLOGY

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? Flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and
resource
? Grid architecture
? Defined using services and protocols

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? Using the ?sand hourglass? model similar to the TCP/IP protocol stack

"A computational grid is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides dependable, consistent, pervasive and
inexpensive access to high-end computational capabilities."
Grid computing makes it possible to dynamically share and coordinate dispersed, heterogeneous computing

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resources. Flexibility and ubiquity are essential characteristics of Web services technologies such as WSDL (Web
Services Description Language), SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), and UDDI (Universal Description,
Discovery, and Integration).
The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) combines technologies to unlock and exploit grid-attached resources.
OGSA defines mechanisms to create, manage, and exchange information between Grid Services, a special type of

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Web service. The architecture uses WSDL extensively to describe the structure and behavior of a service. Service
descriptions are located and discovered using Web Services Inspection Language (WSIL). By combining elements
from grid computing and Web services technologies, OGSA establishes an extensible and interoperable design and
development framework for Grid Services that includes details for service definition, discovery, and life-cycle
management.

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9 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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GLOBUS TOOLKIT

The Globus Toolkit provides software tools to make it easier to build computational grids and grid-based
applications. The Globus Toolkit is both an open architecture and open source toolkit.

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? The Globus Toolkit is a product of the Globus Alliance (http://www.globus.org)
? It is middleware for developing grids
? The current release is 6.0.
? Four key protocols and APIs
? Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI)

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? Grid Resource Allocation & Mgmt (GRAM)
? Grid Resource Information Protocol (GRIP) and Index Information Protocol (GIIP)
? Grid File Transfer Protocol (GridFTP)
? Implementations on many platforms
? Resources, security systems, data models,

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? Various collective layer protocols & tools
? Info services, replica management, etc.
? A basis for many Grid-enabled tools & apps
FTP, SSH, Condor, SRB, MPI, EDG, GridPort,
GLOBUS TOOLKIT? COMPONENTS

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? Security
? GSI ? Grid Security Infrastructure
? Resource Management
? GRAM ? Grid Resource Allocation Manager
o globusrun

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o RSL
o gatekeeper
o job manager
o DUROC ? Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator
? Information Services

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? MDS ? Monitoring and Discovery Service


10 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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o GRIS ? Grid Resource Information Service
o GIIS ? Grid Index Information Service
o MDS Client
? Data Management
o GridFTP, GASS

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The Globus Toolkit latest version 6.0 includes:
GSI: security
GridFTP: file transfer
GRAM: job execution/resource management
MyProxy: credential repository/certificate authority

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GSI-OpenSSH: GSI secure single sign-on remote shell


11 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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GLOBUS TOOLKIT INSTALLATION PROCEDURE
Step1: For installing Globus Toolkit nothing more easy than download the latest package:
http://toolkit.globus.org/ftppub/gt6/installers/repo/globus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
sudodpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Step2: Update the repositories: sudo apt-get update

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Step3: To install Debian or Ubuntu package, download the globus-toolkit-repo package
from the link above and install it with the command:
root@sysa63:/home/#dpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Do the following for Debian-based systems:
root@sysa63:/home/#apt-get install globus-data-management-client

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12 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 01: DEVELOP A NEW WEB SERVICE FOR CALCULATOR

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Aim:
Develop a Web Service for new Calculator
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Our first web service is an extremely simple Math Web Service, which we'll refer to asMathService. It will
2. allow users to perform the following operations:

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a. Addition
b. Subtraction
3. Furthermore, MathService will have the following resource properties (RPs for short):
a. Value (integer)
b. Last operation performed (string)

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4. We will also add a "Get Value" operation to access the Value RP. Once a new resource is created, the
"value" RP is initialized to zero, and the "last operation" RP is initialized to "NONE". The parameter is
added/subtracted to the "value" RP, and the "last operation" RP is changed to "ADDITION" or
"SUBTRACTION" accordingly. Also, the addition and subtraction operations don't return anything.
5. Writing and deploying a WSRF Web Service is easier than you might think. You just have to follow five

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simple steps.
6. Define the service's interface. This is done with WSDL
7. Implement the service. This is done with Java.
8. Define the deployment parameters. This is done with WSDD and JNDI
9. Compile everything and generate a GAR file. This is done with Ant

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10. Deploy service. This is also done with a GT4 tool

Sample Code:

_instance"

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xmlns ="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"
xmlns:tns="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/examples/core/MathService_instance"
xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsrp="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-
ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.xsd" xmlns:wsrpw="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-

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13 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.wsdl"
xmlns:wsdlpp="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/2004/10/WSDLPreprocessor"

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xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">

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Result:

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Thus the program for developing web service for new calculator was successfully executed.



14 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid by using Web Service for new Calculator

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Applications:
To make a calculator in Windows application using web service


1) What is Web Service?

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2) What are the advantages of web services?
3) What are the different types of web services?
4) What is SOAP?
5) What are the advantages of SOAP web services?
6) What are the disadvantages of SOAP web services?

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7) What is WSDL?
8) What is UDDI?
9) What are RESTful web services?
10) What are the advantages of RESTful web services?
11) What is the difference between SOAP and REST web services?

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12) What is SOA service architecture?
13) What tools are used to deploy web services?
14) What is Web Service architecture?
15) What are the advantages of web services in globus toolkit?
16) What are the different types of web services?

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17) What is SOAP web services?
18) What is UDP and TCP?
19) What is stateless SOA?
20) What is data balancing in WSDL?
Viva-voce

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15 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 02: DEVELOP NEW OGSA-COMPLIANT WEB SERVICE

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Aim:
To develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid Service using .NET language.
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

1. Developed by the Global Grid Forum

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2. Aims to define a common, standard, open architecture for Grid Applications.
3. Defines a set of rules that make up a grid service.
4. Sharing and Coordinated use of diverse resources in Dynamic VO's

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Result:
Thus the program for developing OGSA- Complaint web service was successfully executed.
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

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0 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

College o f Engineering
?

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

DEPARTMENT OF
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
VII SEMESTER - R 2013

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Name : ______________________________________
Reg. No. : ______________________________________
Section : ______________________________________
LABORATORY MANUAL

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

DHANALAKSHMI

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and enterprising
professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and training.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic Excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart and
soul

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

To strive for acquiring, applying and imparting knowledge in Computer Science and Engineering through quality
education and to provide enthusiastic professionals with commitment

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? To produce highly competent and globally employable engineers in the field of Computer Science and
Engineering
? To inculcate human values among the student community and make them realize their commitment to the society

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? To exhibit excellence in pursuit of research and innovative products with a zeal to serve the society


VISION
VISION

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

MISSION
MISSION


2 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)
1. Fundamentals
To provide students with a solid foundation in Mathematics, Science and fundamentals of engineering, enabling
them to apply, to find solutions for engineering problems and use this knowledge to acquire higher education

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

2. Core Competence
To train the students in Computer science and engineering technologies so that they apply their knowledge and
training to compare, and to analyze various engineering industrial problems to find solutions
3. Breadth
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice this enables them to

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

find solutions for the real time problems in industry, and to design products
4. Professionalism
To inculcate professional and effective communication skills, leadership qualities and team spirit in the students
to make them multi-faceted personalities and develop their ability to relate engineering issues to broader social
context

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

5. Lifelong Learning/Ethics
To demonstrate and practice ethical and professional responsibilities in the industry and society in the large,
through commitment and lifelong learning needed for successful professional career

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4


PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)

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a) To demonstrate and apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Electronics and Communication Engineering field
b) To design a component, a system or a process to meet the specific needs within the realistic constraints
such as economics, environment, ethics, health, safety and manufacturability
c) To demonstrate the competency to use software tools for computation, simulation and testing of electronics and

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

communication engineering circuits
d) To identify, formulate and solve electronic and communication engineering problems
e) To demonstrate an ability to visualize and work on laboratory and multidisciplinary tasks
f) To function as a member or a leader in multidisciplinary activities
g) To communicate in verbal and written form with fellow engineers and society at large

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h) To understand the impact of Electronics and Communication Engineering in the society and demonstrate awareness
of contemporary issues and commitment to give solutions exhibiting social responsibility
i) To demonstrate professional & ethical responsibilities
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To participate and succeed in competitive exams

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

5 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

SYLLABUS
Learn the working of ARM processor

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Understand the Building Blocks of Embedded Systems
Learn the concept of memory map and memory interface
Know the characteristics of Real Time Systems
Write programs to interface memory, I/Os with processor
Study the interrupt performance

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
GRID COMPUTING LAB
Use Globus Toolkit or equivalent and do the following:
1. Develop a new Web Service for Calculator.
2. Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service.

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3. Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service.
4. Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs
5. Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus Toolkit.
6. Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it with and without
GRAM concept.

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CLOUD COMPUTING LAB
Use Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent to set up the cloud and demonstrate.
1. Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines
COURSE OBJECTIVES

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6 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

can be utilized at particular time.

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2. Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even
after the release of the virtual machine.
3. Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program.
4. Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other.
5. Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it.

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6. Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster.
7. Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE.
8. Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it.
9. Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits.
? Design and implement applications on the Grid.

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? Design and Implement applications on the Cloud.
? Design network objects by applying the networking concepts.
? Create virtualization concept.
? Design web based applications.
? Apply cloud tools for resource allocation.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? Apply grid tools for network translation.
? Design private cloud using open stack.
COURSE OUTCOMES

7

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CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
CONTENTS
Sl. No. Name of the Experiment Page No.

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CYCLE 1 ? EXPERIMENTS ( GRID COMPUTING)
1
Develop a new Web Service for Calculator 7
2
Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service 16

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3
Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service 19
4
Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs 22
5

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Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus
Toolkit
25
6
Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it

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with and without GRAM concept
27
CYCLE 2 ? EXPERIMENTS (CLOUD COMPUTING)
1
Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how

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many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
34
2
Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it
holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine

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36
3 Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program 39
4
Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to
the other

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42
5 Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it 45
6 Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster 47
7 Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE
ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS

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1 Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it 52
2 Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks 55

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8 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO GRID COMPUTING

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GRID TECHNOLOGY

? Flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

resource
? Grid architecture
? Defined using services and protocols
? Using the ?sand hourglass? model similar to the TCP/IP protocol stack

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

"A computational grid is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides dependable, consistent, pervasive and
inexpensive access to high-end computational capabilities."
Grid computing makes it possible to dynamically share and coordinate dispersed, heterogeneous computing
resources. Flexibility and ubiquity are essential characteristics of Web services technologies such as WSDL (Web
Services Description Language), SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), and UDDI (Universal Description,

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Discovery, and Integration).
The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) combines technologies to unlock and exploit grid-attached resources.
OGSA defines mechanisms to create, manage, and exchange information between Grid Services, a special type of
Web service. The architecture uses WSDL extensively to describe the structure and behavior of a service. Service
descriptions are located and discovered using Web Services Inspection Language (WSIL). By combining elements

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

from grid computing and Web services technologies, OGSA establishes an extensible and interoperable design and
development framework for Grid Services that includes details for service definition, discovery, and life-cycle
management.

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9 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


GLOBUS TOOLKIT

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

The Globus Toolkit provides software tools to make it easier to build computational grids and grid-based
applications. The Globus Toolkit is both an open architecture and open source toolkit.

? The Globus Toolkit is a product of the Globus Alliance (http://www.globus.org)
? It is middleware for developing grids

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? The current release is 6.0.
? Four key protocols and APIs
? Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI)
? Grid Resource Allocation & Mgmt (GRAM)
? Grid Resource Information Protocol (GRIP) and Index Information Protocol (GIIP)

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? Grid File Transfer Protocol (GridFTP)
? Implementations on many platforms
? Resources, security systems, data models,
? Various collective layer protocols & tools
? Info services, replica management, etc.

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? A basis for many Grid-enabled tools & apps
FTP, SSH, Condor, SRB, MPI, EDG, GridPort,
GLOBUS TOOLKIT? COMPONENTS
? Security
? GSI ? Grid Security Infrastructure

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? Resource Management
? GRAM ? Grid Resource Allocation Manager
o globusrun
o RSL
o gatekeeper

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o job manager
o DUROC ? Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator
? Information Services
? MDS ? Monitoring and Discovery Service

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10 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

o GRIS ? Grid Resource Information Service
o GIIS ? Grid Index Information Service

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o MDS Client
? Data Management
o GridFTP, GASS
The Globus Toolkit latest version 6.0 includes:
GSI: security

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GridFTP: file transfer
GRAM: job execution/resource management
MyProxy: credential repository/certificate authority
GSI-OpenSSH: GSI secure single sign-on remote shell

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11 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

GLOBUS TOOLKIT INSTALLATION PROCEDURE
Step1: For installing Globus Toolkit nothing more easy than download the latest package:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

http://toolkit.globus.org/ftppub/gt6/installers/repo/globus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
sudodpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Step2: Update the repositories: sudo apt-get update
Step3: To install Debian or Ubuntu package, download the globus-toolkit-repo package
from the link above and install it with the command:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

root@sysa63:/home/#dpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Do the following for Debian-based systems:
root@sysa63:/home/#apt-get install globus-data-management-client

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12 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 01: DEVELOP A NEW WEB SERVICE FOR CALCULATOR

Aim:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Develop a Web Service for new Calculator
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Procedure:
1. Our first web service is an extremely simple Math Web Service, which we'll refer to asMathService. It will
2. allow users to perform the following operations:
a. Addition
b. Subtraction

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3. Furthermore, MathService will have the following resource properties (RPs for short):
a. Value (integer)
b. Last operation performed (string)
4. We will also add a "Get Value" operation to access the Value RP. Once a new resource is created, the
"value" RP is initialized to zero, and the "last operation" RP is initialized to "NONE". The parameter is

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

added/subtracted to the "value" RP, and the "last operation" RP is changed to "ADDITION" or
"SUBTRACTION" accordingly. Also, the addition and subtraction operations don't return anything.
5. Writing and deploying a WSRF Web Service is easier than you might think. You just have to follow five
simple steps.
6. Define the service's interface. This is done with WSDL

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7. Implement the service. This is done with Java.
8. Define the deployment parameters. This is done with WSDD and JNDI
9. Compile everything and generate a GAR file. This is done with Ant
10. Deploy service. This is also done with a GT4 tool

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Sample Code:

_instance"
xmlns ="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"
xmlns:tns="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/examples/core/MathService_instance"

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xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsrp="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-
ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.xsd" xmlns:wsrpw="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-


13 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.wsdl"
xmlns:wsdlpp="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/2004/10/WSDLPreprocessor"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">

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--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

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Result:
Thus the program for developing web service for new calculator was successfully executed.

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14 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid by using Web Service for new Calculator
Applications:
To make a calculator in Windows application using web service

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1) What is Web Service?
2) What are the advantages of web services?
3) What are the different types of web services?

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4) What is SOAP?
5) What are the advantages of SOAP web services?
6) What are the disadvantages of SOAP web services?
7) What is WSDL?
8) What is UDDI?

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9) What are RESTful web services?
10) What are the advantages of RESTful web services?
11) What is the difference between SOAP and REST web services?
12) What is SOA service architecture?
13) What tools are used to deploy web services?

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14) What is Web Service architecture?
15) What are the advantages of web services in globus toolkit?
16) What are the different types of web services?
17) What is SOAP web services?
18) What is UDP and TCP?

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19) What is stateless SOA?
20) What is data balancing in WSDL?
Viva-voce

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15 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 02: DEVELOP NEW OGSA-COMPLIANT WEB SERVICE

Aim:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid Service using .NET language.
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:

1. Developed by the Global Grid Forum
2. Aims to define a common, standard, open architecture for Grid Applications.
3. Defines a set of rules that make up a grid service.

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4. Sharing and Coordinated use of diverse resources in Dynamic VO's

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Result:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Thus the program for developing OGSA- Complaint web service was successfully executed.


16 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid
Service using .NET language

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Applications:
? Sharing of information among diverse components of large heterogenous grid systems
? WAN

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1. How would you decide what style of Web Service to use? SOAP WS or REST?
2. Does the service expose data or business logic?
3. Do consumers and the service providers require a formal contract?
4. Do we need to support multiple data formats?

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5. Do we need to make AJAX calls?
6. Is the call synchronous or asynchronous?
7. What level of security is required?
8. What level of transaction support is required?
9. Do we have limited band width?

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10. What tools do you use to test your Web Services?
11. What is the difference between SOA and a Web service?
12. What is a microservice architecture (aka MSA)?
13. What is data integrity?
14. What is cloud infrastructure?

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Viva-voce
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

0 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

College o f Engineering
?

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

DEPARTMENT OF
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
VII SEMESTER - R 2013

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Name : ______________________________________
Reg. No. : ______________________________________
Section : ______________________________________
LABORATORY MANUAL

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1 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

DHANALAKSHMI

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and enterprising
professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and training.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic Excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart and
soul

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

To strive for acquiring, applying and imparting knowledge in Computer Science and Engineering through quality
education and to provide enthusiastic professionals with commitment

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? To produce highly competent and globally employable engineers in the field of Computer Science and
Engineering
? To inculcate human values among the student community and make them realize their commitment to the society

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? To exhibit excellence in pursuit of research and innovative products with a zeal to serve the society


VISION
VISION

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

MISSION
MISSION


2 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)
1. Fundamentals
To provide students with a solid foundation in Mathematics, Science and fundamentals of engineering, enabling
them to apply, to find solutions for engineering problems and use this knowledge to acquire higher education

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

2. Core Competence
To train the students in Computer science and engineering technologies so that they apply their knowledge and
training to compare, and to analyze various engineering industrial problems to find solutions
3. Breadth
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice this enables them to

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

find solutions for the real time problems in industry, and to design products
4. Professionalism
To inculcate professional and effective communication skills, leadership qualities and team spirit in the students
to make them multi-faceted personalities and develop their ability to relate engineering issues to broader social
context

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

5. Lifelong Learning/Ethics
To demonstrate and practice ethical and professional responsibilities in the industry and society in the large,
through commitment and lifelong learning needed for successful professional career

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4


PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a) To demonstrate and apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Electronics and Communication Engineering field
b) To design a component, a system or a process to meet the specific needs within the realistic constraints
such as economics, environment, ethics, health, safety and manufacturability
c) To demonstrate the competency to use software tools for computation, simulation and testing of electronics and

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

communication engineering circuits
d) To identify, formulate and solve electronic and communication engineering problems
e) To demonstrate an ability to visualize and work on laboratory and multidisciplinary tasks
f) To function as a member or a leader in multidisciplinary activities
g) To communicate in verbal and written form with fellow engineers and society at large

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

h) To understand the impact of Electronics and Communication Engineering in the society and demonstrate awareness
of contemporary issues and commitment to give solutions exhibiting social responsibility
i) To demonstrate professional & ethical responsibilities
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To participate and succeed in competitive exams

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

5 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

SYLLABUS
Learn the working of ARM processor

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Understand the Building Blocks of Embedded Systems
Learn the concept of memory map and memory interface
Know the characteristics of Real Time Systems
Write programs to interface memory, I/Os with processor
Study the interrupt performance

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
GRID COMPUTING LAB
Use Globus Toolkit or equivalent and do the following:
1. Develop a new Web Service for Calculator.
2. Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

3. Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service.
4. Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs
5. Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus Toolkit.
6. Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it with and without
GRAM concept.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CLOUD COMPUTING LAB
Use Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent to set up the cloud and demonstrate.
1. Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines
COURSE OBJECTIVES

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

6 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

can be utilized at particular time.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

2. Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even
after the release of the virtual machine.
3. Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program.
4. Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other.
5. Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

6. Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster.
7. Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE.
8. Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it.
9. Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? Use the grid and cloud tool kits.
? Design and implement applications on the Grid.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? Design and Implement applications on the Cloud.
? Design network objects by applying the networking concepts.
? Create virtualization concept.
? Design web based applications.
? Apply cloud tools for resource allocation.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? Apply grid tools for network translation.
? Design private cloud using open stack.
COURSE OUTCOMES

7

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
CONTENTS
Sl. No. Name of the Experiment Page No.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CYCLE 1 ? EXPERIMENTS ( GRID COMPUTING)
1
Develop a new Web Service for Calculator 7
2
Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service 16

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

3
Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service 19
4
Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs 22
5

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus
Toolkit
25
6
Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

with and without GRAM concept
27
CYCLE 2 ? EXPERIMENTS (CLOUD COMPUTING)
1
Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
34
2
Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it
holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

36
3 Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program 39
4
Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to
the other

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

42
5 Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it 45
6 Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster 47
7 Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE
ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1 Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it 52
2 Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks 55

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

8 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

INTRODUCTION TO GRID COMPUTING

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

GRID TECHNOLOGY

? Flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

resource
? Grid architecture
? Defined using services and protocols
? Using the ?sand hourglass? model similar to the TCP/IP protocol stack

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

"A computational grid is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides dependable, consistent, pervasive and
inexpensive access to high-end computational capabilities."
Grid computing makes it possible to dynamically share and coordinate dispersed, heterogeneous computing
resources. Flexibility and ubiquity are essential characteristics of Web services technologies such as WSDL (Web
Services Description Language), SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), and UDDI (Universal Description,

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Discovery, and Integration).
The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) combines technologies to unlock and exploit grid-attached resources.
OGSA defines mechanisms to create, manage, and exchange information between Grid Services, a special type of
Web service. The architecture uses WSDL extensively to describe the structure and behavior of a service. Service
descriptions are located and discovered using Web Services Inspection Language (WSIL). By combining elements

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

from grid computing and Web services technologies, OGSA establishes an extensible and interoperable design and
development framework for Grid Services that includes details for service definition, discovery, and life-cycle
management.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

9 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


GLOBUS TOOLKIT

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

The Globus Toolkit provides software tools to make it easier to build computational grids and grid-based
applications. The Globus Toolkit is both an open architecture and open source toolkit.

? The Globus Toolkit is a product of the Globus Alliance (http://www.globus.org)
? It is middleware for developing grids

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? The current release is 6.0.
? Four key protocols and APIs
? Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI)
? Grid Resource Allocation & Mgmt (GRAM)
? Grid Resource Information Protocol (GRIP) and Index Information Protocol (GIIP)

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? Grid File Transfer Protocol (GridFTP)
? Implementations on many platforms
? Resources, security systems, data models,
? Various collective layer protocols & tools
? Info services, replica management, etc.

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? A basis for many Grid-enabled tools & apps
FTP, SSH, Condor, SRB, MPI, EDG, GridPort,
GLOBUS TOOLKIT? COMPONENTS
? Security
? GSI ? Grid Security Infrastructure

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? Resource Management
? GRAM ? Grid Resource Allocation Manager
o globusrun
o RSL
o gatekeeper

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o job manager
o DUROC ? Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator
? Information Services
? MDS ? Monitoring and Discovery Service

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10 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

o GRIS ? Grid Resource Information Service
o GIIS ? Grid Index Information Service

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o MDS Client
? Data Management
o GridFTP, GASS
The Globus Toolkit latest version 6.0 includes:
GSI: security

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GridFTP: file transfer
GRAM: job execution/resource management
MyProxy: credential repository/certificate authority
GSI-OpenSSH: GSI secure single sign-on remote shell

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11 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

GLOBUS TOOLKIT INSTALLATION PROCEDURE
Step1: For installing Globus Toolkit nothing more easy than download the latest package:

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http://toolkit.globus.org/ftppub/gt6/installers/repo/globus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
sudodpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Step2: Update the repositories: sudo apt-get update
Step3: To install Debian or Ubuntu package, download the globus-toolkit-repo package
from the link above and install it with the command:

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root@sysa63:/home/#dpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Do the following for Debian-based systems:
root@sysa63:/home/#apt-get install globus-data-management-client

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12 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 01: DEVELOP A NEW WEB SERVICE FOR CALCULATOR

Aim:

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Develop a Web Service for new Calculator
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
1. Our first web service is an extremely simple Math Web Service, which we'll refer to asMathService. It will
2. allow users to perform the following operations:
a. Addition
b. Subtraction

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3. Furthermore, MathService will have the following resource properties (RPs for short):
a. Value (integer)
b. Last operation performed (string)
4. We will also add a "Get Value" operation to access the Value RP. Once a new resource is created, the
"value" RP is initialized to zero, and the "last operation" RP is initialized to "NONE". The parameter is

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added/subtracted to the "value" RP, and the "last operation" RP is changed to "ADDITION" or
"SUBTRACTION" accordingly. Also, the addition and subtraction operations don't return anything.
5. Writing and deploying a WSRF Web Service is easier than you might think. You just have to follow five
simple steps.
6. Define the service's interface. This is done with WSDL

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7. Implement the service. This is done with Java.
8. Define the deployment parameters. This is done with WSDD and JNDI
9. Compile everything and generate a GAR file. This is done with Ant
10. Deploy service. This is also done with a GT4 tool

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Sample Code:

_instance"
xmlns ="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"
xmlns:tns="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/examples/core/MathService_instance"

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xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsrp="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-
ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.xsd" xmlns:wsrpw="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-


13 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.wsdl"
xmlns:wsdlpp="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/2004/10/WSDLPreprocessor"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">

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Result:
Thus the program for developing web service for new calculator was successfully executed.

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14 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid by using Web Service for new Calculator
Applications:
To make a calculator in Windows application using web service

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1) What is Web Service?
2) What are the advantages of web services?
3) What are the different types of web services?

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4) What is SOAP?
5) What are the advantages of SOAP web services?
6) What are the disadvantages of SOAP web services?
7) What is WSDL?
8) What is UDDI?

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9) What are RESTful web services?
10) What are the advantages of RESTful web services?
11) What is the difference between SOAP and REST web services?
12) What is SOA service architecture?
13) What tools are used to deploy web services?

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14) What is Web Service architecture?
15) What are the advantages of web services in globus toolkit?
16) What are the different types of web services?
17) What is SOAP web services?
18) What is UDP and TCP?

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19) What is stateless SOA?
20) What is data balancing in WSDL?
Viva-voce

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15 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 02: DEVELOP NEW OGSA-COMPLIANT WEB SERVICE

Aim:

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To develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid Service using .NET language.
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:

1. Developed by the Global Grid Forum
2. Aims to define a common, standard, open architecture for Grid Applications.
3. Defines a set of rules that make up a grid service.

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4. Sharing and Coordinated use of diverse resources in Dynamic VO's

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Result:

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Thus the program for developing OGSA- Complaint web service was successfully executed.


16 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid
Service using .NET language

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Applications:
? Sharing of information among diverse components of large heterogenous grid systems
? WAN

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1. How would you decide what style of Web Service to use? SOAP WS or REST?
2. Does the service expose data or business logic?
3. Do consumers and the service providers require a formal contract?
4. Do we need to support multiple data formats?

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5. Do we need to make AJAX calls?
6. Is the call synchronous or asynchronous?
7. What level of security is required?
8. What level of transaction support is required?
9. Do we have limited band width?

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10. What tools do you use to test your Web Services?
11. What is the difference between SOA and a Web service?
12. What is a microservice architecture (aka MSA)?
13. What is data integrity?
14. What is cloud infrastructure?

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Viva-voce

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17 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 03: USING APACHE AXIS DEVELOP A GRID SERVICE

Aim:

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To develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
1. Creating the New Level in the Package
2. Edit the Configuration Files
3. Modify the Service Code
4. Modify the Client

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5. Compile and Deploy
6. Starting the Container
7. Compile the Client
8. Run the Client

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FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

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0 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

College o f Engineering

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?



DEPARTMENT OF

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COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
VII SEMESTER - R 2013

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Name : ______________________________________
Reg. No. : ______________________________________
Section : ______________________________________

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LABORATORY MANUAL


1 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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DHANALAKSHMI


is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and enterprising
professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and training.

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? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic Excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart and

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soul

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

To strive for acquiring, applying and imparting knowledge in Computer Science and Engineering through quality

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education and to provide enthusiastic professionals with commitment


? To produce highly competent and globally employable engineers in the field of Computer Science and
Engineering

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? To inculcate human values among the student community and make them realize their commitment to the society
? To exhibit excellence in pursuit of research and innovative products with a zeal to serve the society


VISION

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VISION
MISSION
MISSION

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2 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)
1. Fundamentals
To provide students with a solid foundation in Mathematics, Science and fundamentals of engineering, enabling

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them to apply, to find solutions for engineering problems and use this knowledge to acquire higher education
2. Core Competence
To train the students in Computer science and engineering technologies so that they apply their knowledge and
training to compare, and to analyze various engineering industrial problems to find solutions
3. Breadth

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To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice this enables them to
find solutions for the real time problems in industry, and to design products
4. Professionalism
To inculcate professional and effective communication skills, leadership qualities and team spirit in the students
to make them multi-faceted personalities and develop their ability to relate engineering issues to broader social

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context
5. Lifelong Learning/Ethics
To demonstrate and practice ethical and professional responsibilities in the industry and society in the large,
through commitment and lifelong learning needed for successful professional career

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4

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PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)
a) To demonstrate and apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Electronics and Communication Engineering field
b) To design a component, a system or a process to meet the specific needs within the realistic constraints
such as economics, environment, ethics, health, safety and manufacturability

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c) To demonstrate the competency to use software tools for computation, simulation and testing of electronics and
communication engineering circuits
d) To identify, formulate and solve electronic and communication engineering problems
e) To demonstrate an ability to visualize and work on laboratory and multidisciplinary tasks
f) To function as a member or a leader in multidisciplinary activities

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g) To communicate in verbal and written form with fellow engineers and society at large
h) To understand the impact of Electronics and Communication Engineering in the society and demonstrate awareness
of contemporary issues and commitment to give solutions exhibiting social responsibility
i) To demonstrate professional & ethical responsibilities
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning

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k) To participate and succeed in competitive exams

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5 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

SYLLABUS

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Learn the working of ARM processor
Understand the Building Blocks of Embedded Systems
Learn the concept of memory map and memory interface
Know the characteristics of Real Time Systems
Write programs to interface memory, I/Os with processor

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Study the interrupt performance
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
GRID COMPUTING LAB
Use Globus Toolkit or equivalent and do the following:
1. Develop a new Web Service for Calculator.

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2. Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service.
3. Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service.
4. Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs
5. Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus Toolkit.
6. Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it with and without

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GRAM concept.

CLOUD COMPUTING LAB
Use Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent to set up the cloud and demonstrate.
1. Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines

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COURSE OBJECTIVES


6 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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can be utilized at particular time.
2. Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even
after the release of the virtual machine.
3. Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program.
4. Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other.

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5. Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it.
6. Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster.
7. Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE.
8. Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it.
9. Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits.

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid.
? Design and Implement applications on the Cloud.
? Design network objects by applying the networking concepts.
? Create virtualization concept.
? Design web based applications.

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? Apply cloud tools for resource allocation.
? Apply grid tools for network translation.
? Design private cloud using open stack.
COURSE OUTCOMES

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7


CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
CONTENTS

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Sl. No. Name of the Experiment Page No.
CYCLE 1 ? EXPERIMENTS ( GRID COMPUTING)
1
Develop a new Web Service for Calculator 7
2

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Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service 16
3
Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service 19
4
Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs 22

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5
Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus
Toolkit
25
6

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Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it
with and without GRAM concept
27
CYCLE 2 ? EXPERIMENTS (CLOUD COMPUTING)
1

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Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how
many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
34
2
Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it

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holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
36
3 Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program 39
4
Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to

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the other
42
5 Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it 45
6 Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster 47
7 Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE

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ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS
1 Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it 52
2 Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks 55

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8 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO GRID COMPUTING


GRID TECHNOLOGY

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? Flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and
resource
? Grid architecture
? Defined using services and protocols
? Using the ?sand hourglass? model similar to the TCP/IP protocol stack

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"A computational grid is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides dependable, consistent, pervasive and
inexpensive access to high-end computational capabilities."
Grid computing makes it possible to dynamically share and coordinate dispersed, heterogeneous computing
resources. Flexibility and ubiquity are essential characteristics of Web services technologies such as WSDL (Web

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Services Description Language), SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), and UDDI (Universal Description,
Discovery, and Integration).
The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) combines technologies to unlock and exploit grid-attached resources.
OGSA defines mechanisms to create, manage, and exchange information between Grid Services, a special type of
Web service. The architecture uses WSDL extensively to describe the structure and behavior of a service. Service

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descriptions are located and discovered using Web Services Inspection Language (WSIL). By combining elements
from grid computing and Web services technologies, OGSA establishes an extensible and interoperable design and
development framework for Grid Services that includes details for service definition, discovery, and life-cycle
management.

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9 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


GLOBUS TOOLKIT

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The Globus Toolkit provides software tools to make it easier to build computational grids and grid-based
applications. The Globus Toolkit is both an open architecture and open source toolkit.

? The Globus Toolkit is a product of the Globus Alliance (http://www.globus.org)

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? It is middleware for developing grids
? The current release is 6.0.
? Four key protocols and APIs
? Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI)
? Grid Resource Allocation & Mgmt (GRAM)

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? Grid Resource Information Protocol (GRIP) and Index Information Protocol (GIIP)
? Grid File Transfer Protocol (GridFTP)
? Implementations on many platforms
? Resources, security systems, data models,
? Various collective layer protocols & tools

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? Info services, replica management, etc.
? A basis for many Grid-enabled tools & apps
FTP, SSH, Condor, SRB, MPI, EDG, GridPort,
GLOBUS TOOLKIT? COMPONENTS
? Security

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? GSI ? Grid Security Infrastructure
? Resource Management
? GRAM ? Grid Resource Allocation Manager
o globusrun
o RSL

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o gatekeeper
o job manager
o DUROC ? Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator
? Information Services
? MDS ? Monitoring and Discovery Service

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10 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

o GRIS ? Grid Resource Information Service

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o GIIS ? Grid Index Information Service
o MDS Client
? Data Management
o GridFTP, GASS
The Globus Toolkit latest version 6.0 includes:

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GSI: security
GridFTP: file transfer
GRAM: job execution/resource management
MyProxy: credential repository/certificate authority
GSI-OpenSSH: GSI secure single sign-on remote shell

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11 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

GLOBUS TOOLKIT INSTALLATION PROCEDURE

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Step1: For installing Globus Toolkit nothing more easy than download the latest package:
http://toolkit.globus.org/ftppub/gt6/installers/repo/globus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
sudodpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Step2: Update the repositories: sudo apt-get update
Step3: To install Debian or Ubuntu package, download the globus-toolkit-repo package

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from the link above and install it with the command:
root@sysa63:/home/#dpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Do the following for Debian-based systems:
root@sysa63:/home/#apt-get install globus-data-management-client

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12 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 01: DEVELOP A NEW WEB SERVICE FOR CALCULATOR

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Aim:
Develop a Web Service for new Calculator
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Our first web service is an extremely simple Math Web Service, which we'll refer to asMathService. It will
2. allow users to perform the following operations:
a. Addition

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b. Subtraction
3. Furthermore, MathService will have the following resource properties (RPs for short):
a. Value (integer)
b. Last operation performed (string)
4. We will also add a "Get Value" operation to access the Value RP. Once a new resource is created, the

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

"value" RP is initialized to zero, and the "last operation" RP is initialized to "NONE". The parameter is
added/subtracted to the "value" RP, and the "last operation" RP is changed to "ADDITION" or
"SUBTRACTION" accordingly. Also, the addition and subtraction operations don't return anything.
5. Writing and deploying a WSRF Web Service is easier than you might think. You just have to follow five
simple steps.

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6. Define the service's interface. This is done with WSDL
7. Implement the service. This is done with Java.
8. Define the deployment parameters. This is done with WSDD and JNDI
9. Compile everything and generate a GAR file. This is done with Ant
10. Deploy service. This is also done with a GT4 tool

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Sample Code:

_instance"
xmlns ="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"

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xmlns:tns="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/examples/core/MathService_instance"
xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsrp="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-
ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.xsd" xmlns:wsrpw="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-

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13 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.wsdl"
xmlns:wsdlpp="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/2004/10/WSDLPreprocessor"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">

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Result:
Thus the program for developing web service for new calculator was successfully executed.

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14 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid by using Web Service for new Calculator
Applications:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To make a calculator in Windows application using web service


1) What is Web Service?
2) What are the advantages of web services?

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3) What are the different types of web services?
4) What is SOAP?
5) What are the advantages of SOAP web services?
6) What are the disadvantages of SOAP web services?
7) What is WSDL?

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8) What is UDDI?
9) What are RESTful web services?
10) What are the advantages of RESTful web services?
11) What is the difference between SOAP and REST web services?
12) What is SOA service architecture?

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13) What tools are used to deploy web services?
14) What is Web Service architecture?
15) What are the advantages of web services in globus toolkit?
16) What are the different types of web services?
17) What is SOAP web services?

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18) What is UDP and TCP?
19) What is stateless SOA?
20) What is data balancing in WSDL?
Viva-voce

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15 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 02: DEVELOP NEW OGSA-COMPLIANT WEB SERVICE

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Aim:
To develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid Service using .NET language.
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

1. Developed by the Global Grid Forum
2. Aims to define a common, standard, open architecture for Grid Applications.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

3. Defines a set of rules that make up a grid service.
4. Sharing and Coordinated use of diverse resources in Dynamic VO's

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Result:
Thus the program for developing OGSA- Complaint web service was successfully executed.


16 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Service using .NET language
Applications:
? Sharing of information among diverse components of large heterogenous grid systems
? WAN

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1. How would you decide what style of Web Service to use? SOAP WS or REST?
2. Does the service expose data or business logic?
3. Do consumers and the service providers require a formal contract?

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4. Do we need to support multiple data formats?
5. Do we need to make AJAX calls?
6. Is the call synchronous or asynchronous?
7. What level of security is required?
8. What level of transaction support is required?

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9. Do we have limited band width?
10. What tools do you use to test your Web Services?
11. What is the difference between SOA and a Web service?
12. What is a microservice architecture (aka MSA)?
13. What is data integrity?

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

14. What is cloud infrastructure?


Viva-voce

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17 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 03: USING APACHE AXIS DEVELOP A GRID SERVICE

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Aim:
To develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Creating the New Level in the Package
2. Edit the Configuration Files
3. Modify the Service Code

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4. Modify the Client
5. Compile and Deploy
6. Starting the Container
7. Compile the Client
8. Run the Client

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18 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:
Addition was successful
Subtraction was successful
Multiplication was successful

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Division was successful
Current value: 20.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Result:
Thus the program for Grid Service using Apache Axis was successfully executed.
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

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0 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

College o f Engineering

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

?



DEPARTMENT OF

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
VII SEMESTER - R 2013

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Name : ______________________________________
Reg. No. : ______________________________________
Section : ______________________________________

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

LABORATORY MANUAL


1 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

DHANALAKSHMI


is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and enterprising
professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and training.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic Excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart and

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

soul

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

To strive for acquiring, applying and imparting knowledge in Computer Science and Engineering through quality

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

education and to provide enthusiastic professionals with commitment


? To produce highly competent and globally employable engineers in the field of Computer Science and
Engineering

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? To inculcate human values among the student community and make them realize their commitment to the society
? To exhibit excellence in pursuit of research and innovative products with a zeal to serve the society


VISION

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

VISION
MISSION
MISSION

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2 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)
1. Fundamentals
To provide students with a solid foundation in Mathematics, Science and fundamentals of engineering, enabling

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

them to apply, to find solutions for engineering problems and use this knowledge to acquire higher education
2. Core Competence
To train the students in Computer science and engineering technologies so that they apply their knowledge and
training to compare, and to analyze various engineering industrial problems to find solutions
3. Breadth

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice this enables them to
find solutions for the real time problems in industry, and to design products
4. Professionalism
To inculcate professional and effective communication skills, leadership qualities and team spirit in the students
to make them multi-faceted personalities and develop their ability to relate engineering issues to broader social

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

context
5. Lifelong Learning/Ethics
To demonstrate and practice ethical and professional responsibilities in the industry and society in the large,
through commitment and lifelong learning needed for successful professional career

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)
a) To demonstrate and apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Electronics and Communication Engineering field
b) To design a component, a system or a process to meet the specific needs within the realistic constraints
such as economics, environment, ethics, health, safety and manufacturability

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

c) To demonstrate the competency to use software tools for computation, simulation and testing of electronics and
communication engineering circuits
d) To identify, formulate and solve electronic and communication engineering problems
e) To demonstrate an ability to visualize and work on laboratory and multidisciplinary tasks
f) To function as a member or a leader in multidisciplinary activities

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

g) To communicate in verbal and written form with fellow engineers and society at large
h) To understand the impact of Electronics and Communication Engineering in the society and demonstrate awareness
of contemporary issues and commitment to give solutions exhibiting social responsibility
i) To demonstrate professional & ethical responsibilities
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

k) To participate and succeed in competitive exams

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

5 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

SYLLABUS

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Learn the working of ARM processor
Understand the Building Blocks of Embedded Systems
Learn the concept of memory map and memory interface
Know the characteristics of Real Time Systems
Write programs to interface memory, I/Os with processor

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Study the interrupt performance
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
GRID COMPUTING LAB
Use Globus Toolkit or equivalent and do the following:
1. Develop a new Web Service for Calculator.

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2. Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service.
3. Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service.
4. Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs
5. Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus Toolkit.
6. Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it with and without

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GRAM concept.

CLOUD COMPUTING LAB
Use Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent to set up the cloud and demonstrate.
1. Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines

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COURSE OBJECTIVES


6 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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can be utilized at particular time.
2. Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even
after the release of the virtual machine.
3. Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program.
4. Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other.

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5. Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it.
6. Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster.
7. Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE.
8. Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it.
9. Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits.

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid.
? Design and Implement applications on the Cloud.
? Design network objects by applying the networking concepts.
? Create virtualization concept.
? Design web based applications.

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? Apply cloud tools for resource allocation.
? Apply grid tools for network translation.
? Design private cloud using open stack.
COURSE OUTCOMES

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7


CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
CONTENTS

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Sl. No. Name of the Experiment Page No.
CYCLE 1 ? EXPERIMENTS ( GRID COMPUTING)
1
Develop a new Web Service for Calculator 7
2

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Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service 16
3
Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service 19
4
Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs 22

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5
Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus
Toolkit
25
6

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Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it
with and without GRAM concept
27
CYCLE 2 ? EXPERIMENTS (CLOUD COMPUTING)
1

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Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how
many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
34
2
Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
36
3 Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program 39
4
Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

the other
42
5 Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it 45
6 Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster 47
7 Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE

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ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS
1 Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it 52
2 Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks 55

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8 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO GRID COMPUTING


GRID TECHNOLOGY

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? Flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and
resource
? Grid architecture
? Defined using services and protocols
? Using the ?sand hourglass? model similar to the TCP/IP protocol stack

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"A computational grid is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides dependable, consistent, pervasive and
inexpensive access to high-end computational capabilities."
Grid computing makes it possible to dynamically share and coordinate dispersed, heterogeneous computing
resources. Flexibility and ubiquity are essential characteristics of Web services technologies such as WSDL (Web

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Services Description Language), SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), and UDDI (Universal Description,
Discovery, and Integration).
The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) combines technologies to unlock and exploit grid-attached resources.
OGSA defines mechanisms to create, manage, and exchange information between Grid Services, a special type of
Web service. The architecture uses WSDL extensively to describe the structure and behavior of a service. Service

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descriptions are located and discovered using Web Services Inspection Language (WSIL). By combining elements
from grid computing and Web services technologies, OGSA establishes an extensible and interoperable design and
development framework for Grid Services that includes details for service definition, discovery, and life-cycle
management.

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9 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


GLOBUS TOOLKIT

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The Globus Toolkit provides software tools to make it easier to build computational grids and grid-based
applications. The Globus Toolkit is both an open architecture and open source toolkit.

? The Globus Toolkit is a product of the Globus Alliance (http://www.globus.org)

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? It is middleware for developing grids
? The current release is 6.0.
? Four key protocols and APIs
? Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI)
? Grid Resource Allocation & Mgmt (GRAM)

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? Grid Resource Information Protocol (GRIP) and Index Information Protocol (GIIP)
? Grid File Transfer Protocol (GridFTP)
? Implementations on many platforms
? Resources, security systems, data models,
? Various collective layer protocols & tools

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? Info services, replica management, etc.
? A basis for many Grid-enabled tools & apps
FTP, SSH, Condor, SRB, MPI, EDG, GridPort,
GLOBUS TOOLKIT? COMPONENTS
? Security

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? GSI ? Grid Security Infrastructure
? Resource Management
? GRAM ? Grid Resource Allocation Manager
o globusrun
o RSL

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o gatekeeper
o job manager
o DUROC ? Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator
? Information Services
? MDS ? Monitoring and Discovery Service

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10 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

o GRIS ? Grid Resource Information Service

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o GIIS ? Grid Index Information Service
o MDS Client
? Data Management
o GridFTP, GASS
The Globus Toolkit latest version 6.0 includes:

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GSI: security
GridFTP: file transfer
GRAM: job execution/resource management
MyProxy: credential repository/certificate authority
GSI-OpenSSH: GSI secure single sign-on remote shell

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11 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

GLOBUS TOOLKIT INSTALLATION PROCEDURE

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Step1: For installing Globus Toolkit nothing more easy than download the latest package:
http://toolkit.globus.org/ftppub/gt6/installers/repo/globus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
sudodpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Step2: Update the repositories: sudo apt-get update
Step3: To install Debian or Ubuntu package, download the globus-toolkit-repo package

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from the link above and install it with the command:
root@sysa63:/home/#dpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Do the following for Debian-based systems:
root@sysa63:/home/#apt-get install globus-data-management-client

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12 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 01: DEVELOP A NEW WEB SERVICE FOR CALCULATOR

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Aim:
Develop a Web Service for new Calculator
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Our first web service is an extremely simple Math Web Service, which we'll refer to asMathService. It will
2. allow users to perform the following operations:
a. Addition

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b. Subtraction
3. Furthermore, MathService will have the following resource properties (RPs for short):
a. Value (integer)
b. Last operation performed (string)
4. We will also add a "Get Value" operation to access the Value RP. Once a new resource is created, the

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

"value" RP is initialized to zero, and the "last operation" RP is initialized to "NONE". The parameter is
added/subtracted to the "value" RP, and the "last operation" RP is changed to "ADDITION" or
"SUBTRACTION" accordingly. Also, the addition and subtraction operations don't return anything.
5. Writing and deploying a WSRF Web Service is easier than you might think. You just have to follow five
simple steps.

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6. Define the service's interface. This is done with WSDL
7. Implement the service. This is done with Java.
8. Define the deployment parameters. This is done with WSDD and JNDI
9. Compile everything and generate a GAR file. This is done with Ant
10. Deploy service. This is also done with a GT4 tool

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Sample Code:

_instance"
xmlns ="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"

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xmlns:tns="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/examples/core/MathService_instance"
xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsrp="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-
ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.xsd" xmlns:wsrpw="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-

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13 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.wsdl"
xmlns:wsdlpp="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/2004/10/WSDLPreprocessor"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

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Result:
Thus the program for developing web service for new calculator was successfully executed.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

14 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid by using Web Service for new Calculator
Applications:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To make a calculator in Windows application using web service


1) What is Web Service?
2) What are the advantages of web services?

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3) What are the different types of web services?
4) What is SOAP?
5) What are the advantages of SOAP web services?
6) What are the disadvantages of SOAP web services?
7) What is WSDL?

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8) What is UDDI?
9) What are RESTful web services?
10) What are the advantages of RESTful web services?
11) What is the difference between SOAP and REST web services?
12) What is SOA service architecture?

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13) What tools are used to deploy web services?
14) What is Web Service architecture?
15) What are the advantages of web services in globus toolkit?
16) What are the different types of web services?
17) What is SOAP web services?

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18) What is UDP and TCP?
19) What is stateless SOA?
20) What is data balancing in WSDL?
Viva-voce

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15 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 02: DEVELOP NEW OGSA-COMPLIANT WEB SERVICE

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Aim:
To develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid Service using .NET language.
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

1. Developed by the Global Grid Forum
2. Aims to define a common, standard, open architecture for Grid Applications.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

3. Defines a set of rules that make up a grid service.
4. Sharing and Coordinated use of diverse resources in Dynamic VO's

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Result:
Thus the program for developing OGSA- Complaint web service was successfully executed.


16 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Service using .NET language
Applications:
? Sharing of information among diverse components of large heterogenous grid systems
? WAN

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1. How would you decide what style of Web Service to use? SOAP WS or REST?
2. Does the service expose data or business logic?
3. Do consumers and the service providers require a formal contract?

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4. Do we need to support multiple data formats?
5. Do we need to make AJAX calls?
6. Is the call synchronous or asynchronous?
7. What level of security is required?
8. What level of transaction support is required?

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

9. Do we have limited band width?
10. What tools do you use to test your Web Services?
11. What is the difference between SOA and a Web service?
12. What is a microservice architecture (aka MSA)?
13. What is data integrity?

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

14. What is cloud infrastructure?


Viva-voce

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

17 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 03: USING APACHE AXIS DEVELOP A GRID SERVICE

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Aim:
To develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Creating the New Level in the Package
2. Edit the Configuration Files
3. Modify the Service Code

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4. Modify the Client
5. Compile and Deploy
6. Starting the Container
7. Compile the Client
8. Run the Client

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

18 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Sample Output:
Addition was successful
Subtraction was successful
Multiplication was successful

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Division was successful
Current value: 20.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Result:
Thus the program for Grid Service using Apache Axis was successfully executed.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

19 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Applications:
? To create web service in Java
? To work with Globus Tool kit standards web service

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1. What are the different application integration styles?
2. What is Grid Computing?
3. What is QOS?

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4. What are the derivatives of grid computing?
5. What are the features of data grids?
6. What is load balancing?
7. What is grid infrastructure?
8. Define ? Distributed Computing.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

9. Define ? OSGI.
10. Define ? OSGA.
11. What is the use of API?s in cloud services?
12. What is the difference between cloud and grid?
13. What is data communication?

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

14. What are the elements of data communication?

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Viva-voce
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

0 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

College o f Engineering
?

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

DEPARTMENT OF
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
VII SEMESTER - R 2013

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Name : ______________________________________
Reg. No. : ______________________________________
Section : ______________________________________
LABORATORY MANUAL

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

DHANALAKSHMI

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and enterprising
professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and training.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic Excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart and
soul

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

To strive for acquiring, applying and imparting knowledge in Computer Science and Engineering through quality
education and to provide enthusiastic professionals with commitment

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? To produce highly competent and globally employable engineers in the field of Computer Science and
Engineering
? To inculcate human values among the student community and make them realize their commitment to the society
? To exhibit excellence in pursuit of research and innovative products with a zeal to serve the society

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

VISION
VISION
MISSION

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

MISSION


2 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)
1. Fundamentals
To provide students with a solid foundation in Mathematics, Science and fundamentals of engineering, enabling
them to apply, to find solutions for engineering problems and use this knowledge to acquire higher education
2. Core Competence

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To train the students in Computer science and engineering technologies so that they apply their knowledge and
training to compare, and to analyze various engineering industrial problems to find solutions
3. Breadth
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice this enables them to
find solutions for the real time problems in industry, and to design products

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4. Professionalism
To inculcate professional and effective communication skills, leadership qualities and team spirit in the students
to make them multi-faceted personalities and develop their ability to relate engineering issues to broader social
context
5. Lifelong Learning/Ethics

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

To demonstrate and practice ethical and professional responsibilities in the industry and society in the large,
through commitment and lifelong learning needed for successful professional career

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

4


PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)
a) To demonstrate and apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Electronics and Communication Engineering field
b) To design a component, a system or a process to meet the specific needs within the realistic constraints
such as economics, environment, ethics, health, safety and manufacturability
c) To demonstrate the competency to use software tools for computation, simulation and testing of electronics and
communication engineering circuits

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

d) To identify, formulate and solve electronic and communication engineering problems
e) To demonstrate an ability to visualize and work on laboratory and multidisciplinary tasks
f) To function as a member or a leader in multidisciplinary activities
g) To communicate in verbal and written form with fellow engineers and society at large
h) To understand the impact of Electronics and Communication Engineering in the society and demonstrate awareness

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

of contemporary issues and commitment to give solutions exhibiting social responsibility
i) To demonstrate professional & ethical responsibilities
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To participate and succeed in competitive exams

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

5 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

SYLLABUS
Learn the working of ARM processor
Understand the Building Blocks of Embedded Systems

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Learn the concept of memory map and memory interface
Know the characteristics of Real Time Systems
Write programs to interface memory, I/Os with processor
Study the interrupt performance
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

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GRID COMPUTING LAB
Use Globus Toolkit or equivalent and do the following:
1. Develop a new Web Service for Calculator.
2. Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service.
3. Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service.

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4. Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs
5. Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus Toolkit.
6. Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it with and without
GRAM concept.

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CLOUD COMPUTING LAB
Use Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent to set up the cloud and demonstrate.
1. Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines
COURSE OBJECTIVES

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6 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

can be utilized at particular time.
2. Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even

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after the release of the virtual machine.
3. Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program.
4. Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other.
5. Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it.
6. Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster.

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7. Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE.
8. Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it.
9. Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits.
? Design and implement applications on the Grid.
? Design and Implement applications on the Cloud.

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? Design network objects by applying the networking concepts.
? Create virtualization concept.
? Design web based applications.
? Apply cloud tools for resource allocation.
? Apply grid tools for network translation.

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? Design private cloud using open stack.
COURSE OUTCOMES

7

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CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
CONTENTS
Sl. No. Name of the Experiment Page No.
CYCLE 1 ? EXPERIMENTS ( GRID COMPUTING)

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1
Develop a new Web Service for Calculator 7
2
Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service 16
3

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Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service 19
4
Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs 22
5
Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus

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Toolkit
25
6
Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it
with and without GRAM concept

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27
CYCLE 2 ? EXPERIMENTS (CLOUD COMPUTING)
1
Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how
many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time

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34
2
Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it
holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
36

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3 Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program 39
4
Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to
the other
42

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5 Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it 45
6 Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster 47
7 Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE
ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS
1 Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it 52

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2 Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks 55

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8 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO GRID COMPUTING

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GRID TECHNOLOGY

? Flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and
resource

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? Grid architecture
? Defined using services and protocols
? Using the ?sand hourglass? model similar to the TCP/IP protocol stack

"A computational grid is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides dependable, consistent, pervasive and

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inexpensive access to high-end computational capabilities."
Grid computing makes it possible to dynamically share and coordinate dispersed, heterogeneous computing
resources. Flexibility and ubiquity are essential characteristics of Web services technologies such as WSDL (Web
Services Description Language), SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), and UDDI (Universal Description,
Discovery, and Integration).

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The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) combines technologies to unlock and exploit grid-attached resources.
OGSA defines mechanisms to create, manage, and exchange information between Grid Services, a special type of
Web service. The architecture uses WSDL extensively to describe the structure and behavior of a service. Service
descriptions are located and discovered using Web Services Inspection Language (WSIL). By combining elements
from grid computing and Web services technologies, OGSA establishes an extensible and interoperable design and

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development framework for Grid Services that includes details for service definition, discovery, and life-cycle
management.


9 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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GLOBUS TOOLKIT

The Globus Toolkit provides software tools to make it easier to build computational grids and grid-based

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applications. The Globus Toolkit is both an open architecture and open source toolkit.

? The Globus Toolkit is a product of the Globus Alliance (http://www.globus.org)
? It is middleware for developing grids
? The current release is 6.0.

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? Four key protocols and APIs
? Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI)
? Grid Resource Allocation & Mgmt (GRAM)
? Grid Resource Information Protocol (GRIP) and Index Information Protocol (GIIP)
? Grid File Transfer Protocol (GridFTP)

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? Implementations on many platforms
? Resources, security systems, data models,
? Various collective layer protocols & tools
? Info services, replica management, etc.
? A basis for many Grid-enabled tools & apps

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FTP, SSH, Condor, SRB, MPI, EDG, GridPort,
GLOBUS TOOLKIT? COMPONENTS
? Security
? GSI ? Grid Security Infrastructure
? Resource Management

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? GRAM ? Grid Resource Allocation Manager
o globusrun
o RSL
o gatekeeper
o job manager

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o DUROC ? Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator
? Information Services
? MDS ? Monitoring and Discovery Service

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10 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

o GRIS ? Grid Resource Information Service
o GIIS ? Grid Index Information Service
o MDS Client

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? Data Management
o GridFTP, GASS
The Globus Toolkit latest version 6.0 includes:
GSI: security
GridFTP: file transfer

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GRAM: job execution/resource management
MyProxy: credential repository/certificate authority
GSI-OpenSSH: GSI secure single sign-on remote shell

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11 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

GLOBUS TOOLKIT INSTALLATION PROCEDURE
Step1: For installing Globus Toolkit nothing more easy than download the latest package:
http://toolkit.globus.org/ftppub/gt6/installers/repo/globus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb

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sudodpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Step2: Update the repositories: sudo apt-get update
Step3: To install Debian or Ubuntu package, download the globus-toolkit-repo package
from the link above and install it with the command:
root@sysa63:/home/#dpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb

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Do the following for Debian-based systems:
root@sysa63:/home/#apt-get install globus-data-management-client

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12 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 01: DEVELOP A NEW WEB SERVICE FOR CALCULATOR

Aim:
Develop a Web Service for new Calculator

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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1. Our first web service is an extremely simple Math Web Service, which we'll refer to asMathService. It will
2. allow users to perform the following operations:
a. Addition
b. Subtraction
3. Furthermore, MathService will have the following resource properties (RPs for short):

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a. Value (integer)
b. Last operation performed (string)
4. We will also add a "Get Value" operation to access the Value RP. Once a new resource is created, the
"value" RP is initialized to zero, and the "last operation" RP is initialized to "NONE". The parameter is
added/subtracted to the "value" RP, and the "last operation" RP is changed to "ADDITION" or

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"SUBTRACTION" accordingly. Also, the addition and subtraction operations don't return anything.
5. Writing and deploying a WSRF Web Service is easier than you might think. You just have to follow five
simple steps.
6. Define the service's interface. This is done with WSDL
7. Implement the service. This is done with Java.

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8. Define the deployment parameters. This is done with WSDD and JNDI
9. Compile everything and generate a GAR file. This is done with Ant
10. Deploy service. This is also done with a GT4 tool

Sample Code:

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_instance"
xmlns ="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"
xmlns:tns="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/examples/core/MathService_instance"
xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsrp="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-

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ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.xsd" xmlns:wsrpw="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-


13 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.wsdl"
xmlns:wsdlpp="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/2004/10/WSDLPreprocessor"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">

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Result:
Thus the program for developing web service for new calculator was successfully executed.

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14 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid by using Web Service for new Calculator
Applications:
To make a calculator in Windows application using web service

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1) What is Web Service?
2) What are the advantages of web services?
3) What are the different types of web services?
4) What is SOAP?

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5) What are the advantages of SOAP web services?
6) What are the disadvantages of SOAP web services?
7) What is WSDL?
8) What is UDDI?
9) What are RESTful web services?

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10) What are the advantages of RESTful web services?
11) What is the difference between SOAP and REST web services?
12) What is SOA service architecture?
13) What tools are used to deploy web services?
14) What is Web Service architecture?

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15) What are the advantages of web services in globus toolkit?
16) What are the different types of web services?
17) What is SOAP web services?
18) What is UDP and TCP?
19) What is stateless SOA?

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20) What is data balancing in WSDL?
Viva-voce


15 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 02: DEVELOP NEW OGSA-COMPLIANT WEB SERVICE

Aim:
To develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid Service using .NET language.

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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1. Developed by the Global Grid Forum
2. Aims to define a common, standard, open architecture for Grid Applications.
3. Defines a set of rules that make up a grid service.
4. Sharing and Coordinated use of diverse resources in Dynamic VO's

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Result:
Thus the program for developing OGSA- Complaint web service was successfully executed.

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16 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid
Service using .NET language
Applications:

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? Sharing of information among diverse components of large heterogenous grid systems
? WAN

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1. How would you decide what style of Web Service to use? SOAP WS or REST?
2. Does the service expose data or business logic?
3. Do consumers and the service providers require a formal contract?
4. Do we need to support multiple data formats?
5. Do we need to make AJAX calls?

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6. Is the call synchronous or asynchronous?
7. What level of security is required?
8. What level of transaction support is required?
9. Do we have limited band width?
10. What tools do you use to test your Web Services?

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11. What is the difference between SOA and a Web service?
12. What is a microservice architecture (aka MSA)?
13. What is data integrity?
14. What is cloud infrastructure?

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Viva-voce


17 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 03: USING APACHE AXIS DEVELOP A GRID SERVICE

Aim:
To develop a Grid service using Apache Axis

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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1. Creating the New Level in the Package
2. Edit the Configuration Files
3. Modify the Service Code
4. Modify the Client
5. Compile and Deploy

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6. Starting the Container
7. Compile the Client
8. Run the Client

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18 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00



Sample Output:

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Addition was successful
Subtraction was successful
Multiplication was successful
Division was successful
Current value: 20.

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Result:
Thus the program for Grid Service using Apache Axis was successfully executed.


19 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid service using Apache Axis

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Applications:
? To create web service in Java
? To work with Globus Tool kit standards web service

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1. What are the different application integration styles?
2. What is Grid Computing?
3. What is QOS?
4. What are the derivatives of grid computing?
5. What are the features of data grids?

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6. What is load balancing?
7. What is grid infrastructure?
8. Define ? Distributed Computing.
9. Define ? OSGI.
10. Define ? OSGA.

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11. What is the use of API?s in cloud services?
12. What is the difference between cloud and grid?
13. What is data communication?
14. What are the elements of data communication?

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Viva-voce

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20 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 04: DEVELOP APPLICATIONS USING JAVA OR C/C++ GRID

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APIS
Aim:
To develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Import all the necessary java packages and name the file as GridLayoutDemo.java
2. Set up components to preferred size

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3. Add buttons to experiment with Grid Layout
4. Add controls to set up horizontal and vertical gaps
5. Process the Apply gaps button press
6. Create the GUI
7. Create and set up the window,Set up the content pane and Display the Window

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8. Schedule a job for the event dispatch thread
9. Show the application's GUI

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FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice


0 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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College o f Engineering
?

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DEPARTMENT OF
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
VII SEMESTER - R 2013

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Name : ______________________________________
Reg. No. : ______________________________________

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Section : ______________________________________
LABORATORY MANUAL


1 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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DHANALAKSHMI


is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and enterprising

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professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and training.


? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic Excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at different levels

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? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart and
soul

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

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To strive for acquiring, applying and imparting knowledge in Computer Science and Engineering through quality
education and to provide enthusiastic professionals with commitment


? To produce highly competent and globally employable engineers in the field of Computer Science and

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Engineering
? To inculcate human values among the student community and make them realize their commitment to the society
? To exhibit excellence in pursuit of research and innovative products with a zeal to serve the society

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VISION
VISION
MISSION
MISSION

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2 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)
1. Fundamentals

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To provide students with a solid foundation in Mathematics, Science and fundamentals of engineering, enabling
them to apply, to find solutions for engineering problems and use this knowledge to acquire higher education
2. Core Competence
To train the students in Computer science and engineering technologies so that they apply their knowledge and
training to compare, and to analyze various engineering industrial problems to find solutions

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3. Breadth
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice this enables them to
find solutions for the real time problems in industry, and to design products
4. Professionalism
To inculcate professional and effective communication skills, leadership qualities and team spirit in the students

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to make them multi-faceted personalities and develop their ability to relate engineering issues to broader social
context
5. Lifelong Learning/Ethics
To demonstrate and practice ethical and professional responsibilities in the industry and society in the large,
through commitment and lifelong learning needed for successful professional career

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4

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PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)
a) To demonstrate and apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Electronics and Communication Engineering field
b) To design a component, a system or a process to meet the specific needs within the realistic constraints

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such as economics, environment, ethics, health, safety and manufacturability
c) To demonstrate the competency to use software tools for computation, simulation and testing of electronics and
communication engineering circuits
d) To identify, formulate and solve electronic and communication engineering problems
e) To demonstrate an ability to visualize and work on laboratory and multidisciplinary tasks

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f) To function as a member or a leader in multidisciplinary activities
g) To communicate in verbal and written form with fellow engineers and society at large
h) To understand the impact of Electronics and Communication Engineering in the society and demonstrate awareness
of contemporary issues and commitment to give solutions exhibiting social responsibility
i) To demonstrate professional & ethical responsibilities

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j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To participate and succeed in competitive exams

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5 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

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SYLLABUS
Learn the working of ARM processor
Understand the Building Blocks of Embedded Systems
Learn the concept of memory map and memory interface
Know the characteristics of Real Time Systems

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Write programs to interface memory, I/Os with processor
Study the interrupt performance
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
GRID COMPUTING LAB
Use Globus Toolkit or equivalent and do the following:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1. Develop a new Web Service for Calculator.
2. Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service.
3. Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service.
4. Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs
5. Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus Toolkit.

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6. Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it with and without
GRAM concept.

CLOUD COMPUTING LAB
Use Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent to set up the cloud and demonstrate.

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1. Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines
COURSE OBJECTIVES


6 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

can be utilized at particular time.
2. Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even
after the release of the virtual machine.
3. Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program.

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4. Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other.
5. Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it.
6. Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster.
7. Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE.
8. Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it.

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9. Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits.
? Design and implement applications on the Grid.
? Design and Implement applications on the Cloud.
? Design network objects by applying the networking concepts.
? Create virtualization concept.

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? Design web based applications.
? Apply cloud tools for resource allocation.
? Apply grid tools for network translation.
? Design private cloud using open stack.
COURSE OUTCOMES

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7


CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

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CONTENTS
Sl. No. Name of the Experiment Page No.
CYCLE 1 ? EXPERIMENTS ( GRID COMPUTING)
1
Develop a new Web Service for Calculator 7

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2
Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service 16
3
Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service 19
4

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Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs 22
5
Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus
Toolkit
25

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6
Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it
with and without GRAM concept
27
CYCLE 2 ? EXPERIMENTS (CLOUD COMPUTING)

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1
Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how
many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
34
2

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Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it
holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
36
3 Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program 39
4

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Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to
the other
42
5 Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it 45
6 Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster 47

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7 Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE
ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS
1 Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it 52
2 Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks 55

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8 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO GRID COMPUTING


GRID TECHNOLOGY

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? Flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and
resource
? Grid architecture
? Defined using services and protocols

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? Using the ?sand hourglass? model similar to the TCP/IP protocol stack

"A computational grid is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides dependable, consistent, pervasive and
inexpensive access to high-end computational capabilities."
Grid computing makes it possible to dynamically share and coordinate dispersed, heterogeneous computing

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

resources. Flexibility and ubiquity are essential characteristics of Web services technologies such as WSDL (Web
Services Description Language), SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), and UDDI (Universal Description,
Discovery, and Integration).
The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) combines technologies to unlock and exploit grid-attached resources.
OGSA defines mechanisms to create, manage, and exchange information between Grid Services, a special type of

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Web service. The architecture uses WSDL extensively to describe the structure and behavior of a service. Service
descriptions are located and discovered using Web Services Inspection Language (WSIL). By combining elements
from grid computing and Web services technologies, OGSA establishes an extensible and interoperable design and
development framework for Grid Services that includes details for service definition, discovery, and life-cycle
management.

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9 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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GLOBUS TOOLKIT

The Globus Toolkit provides software tools to make it easier to build computational grids and grid-based
applications. The Globus Toolkit is both an open architecture and open source toolkit.

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? The Globus Toolkit is a product of the Globus Alliance (http://www.globus.org)
? It is middleware for developing grids
? The current release is 6.0.
? Four key protocols and APIs
? Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI)

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? Grid Resource Allocation & Mgmt (GRAM)
? Grid Resource Information Protocol (GRIP) and Index Information Protocol (GIIP)
? Grid File Transfer Protocol (GridFTP)
? Implementations on many platforms
? Resources, security systems, data models,

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? Various collective layer protocols & tools
? Info services, replica management, etc.
? A basis for many Grid-enabled tools & apps
FTP, SSH, Condor, SRB, MPI, EDG, GridPort,
GLOBUS TOOLKIT? COMPONENTS

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? Security
? GSI ? Grid Security Infrastructure
? Resource Management
? GRAM ? Grid Resource Allocation Manager
o globusrun

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o RSL
o gatekeeper
o job manager
o DUROC ? Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator
? Information Services

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? MDS ? Monitoring and Discovery Service


10 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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o GRIS ? Grid Resource Information Service
o GIIS ? Grid Index Information Service
o MDS Client
? Data Management
o GridFTP, GASS

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The Globus Toolkit latest version 6.0 includes:
GSI: security
GridFTP: file transfer
GRAM: job execution/resource management
MyProxy: credential repository/certificate authority

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GSI-OpenSSH: GSI secure single sign-on remote shell


11 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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GLOBUS TOOLKIT INSTALLATION PROCEDURE
Step1: For installing Globus Toolkit nothing more easy than download the latest package:
http://toolkit.globus.org/ftppub/gt6/installers/repo/globus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
sudodpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Step2: Update the repositories: sudo apt-get update

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Step3: To install Debian or Ubuntu package, download the globus-toolkit-repo package
from the link above and install it with the command:
root@sysa63:/home/#dpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Do the following for Debian-based systems:
root@sysa63:/home/#apt-get install globus-data-management-client

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12 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 01: DEVELOP A NEW WEB SERVICE FOR CALCULATOR

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Aim:
Develop a Web Service for new Calculator
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Our first web service is an extremely simple Math Web Service, which we'll refer to asMathService. It will
2. allow users to perform the following operations:

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a. Addition
b. Subtraction
3. Furthermore, MathService will have the following resource properties (RPs for short):
a. Value (integer)
b. Last operation performed (string)

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4. We will also add a "Get Value" operation to access the Value RP. Once a new resource is created, the
"value" RP is initialized to zero, and the "last operation" RP is initialized to "NONE". The parameter is
added/subtracted to the "value" RP, and the "last operation" RP is changed to "ADDITION" or
"SUBTRACTION" accordingly. Also, the addition and subtraction operations don't return anything.
5. Writing and deploying a WSRF Web Service is easier than you might think. You just have to follow five

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simple steps.
6. Define the service's interface. This is done with WSDL
7. Implement the service. This is done with Java.
8. Define the deployment parameters. This is done with WSDD and JNDI
9. Compile everything and generate a GAR file. This is done with Ant

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10. Deploy service. This is also done with a GT4 tool

Sample Code:

_instance"

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xmlns ="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"
xmlns:tns="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/examples/core/MathService_instance"
xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsrp="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-
ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.xsd" xmlns:wsrpw="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-

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13 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.wsdl"
xmlns:wsdlpp="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/2004/10/WSDLPreprocessor"

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xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">

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Result:

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Thus the program for developing web service for new calculator was successfully executed.



14 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid by using Web Service for new Calculator

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Applications:
To make a calculator in Windows application using web service


1) What is Web Service?

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2) What are the advantages of web services?
3) What are the different types of web services?
4) What is SOAP?
5) What are the advantages of SOAP web services?
6) What are the disadvantages of SOAP web services?

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7) What is WSDL?
8) What is UDDI?
9) What are RESTful web services?
10) What are the advantages of RESTful web services?
11) What is the difference between SOAP and REST web services?

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12) What is SOA service architecture?
13) What tools are used to deploy web services?
14) What is Web Service architecture?
15) What are the advantages of web services in globus toolkit?
16) What are the different types of web services?

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17) What is SOAP web services?
18) What is UDP and TCP?
19) What is stateless SOA?
20) What is data balancing in WSDL?
Viva-voce

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15 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 02: DEVELOP NEW OGSA-COMPLIANT WEB SERVICE

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Aim:
To develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid Service using .NET language.
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

1. Developed by the Global Grid Forum

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2. Aims to define a common, standard, open architecture for Grid Applications.
3. Defines a set of rules that make up a grid service.
4. Sharing and Coordinated use of diverse resources in Dynamic VO's

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Result:
Thus the program for developing OGSA- Complaint web service was successfully executed.

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16 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid
Service using .NET language
Applications:
? Sharing of information among diverse components of large heterogenous grid systems
? WAN

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1. How would you decide what style of Web Service to use? SOAP WS or REST?
2. Does the service expose data or business logic?

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3. Do consumers and the service providers require a formal contract?
4. Do we need to support multiple data formats?
5. Do we need to make AJAX calls?
6. Is the call synchronous or asynchronous?
7. What level of security is required?

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8. What level of transaction support is required?
9. Do we have limited band width?
10. What tools do you use to test your Web Services?
11. What is the difference between SOA and a Web service?
12. What is a microservice architecture (aka MSA)?

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13. What is data integrity?
14. What is cloud infrastructure?


Viva-voce

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17 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 03: USING APACHE AXIS DEVELOP A GRID SERVICE

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Aim:
To develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Creating the New Level in the Package
2. Edit the Configuration Files

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3. Modify the Service Code
4. Modify the Client
5. Compile and Deploy
6. Starting the Container
7. Compile the Client

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8. Run the Client

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18 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:
Addition was successful
Subtraction was successful

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Multiplication was successful
Division was successful
Current value: 20.

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Result:
Thus the program for Grid Service using Apache Axis was successfully executed.

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19 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Applications:
? To create web service in Java

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? To work with Globus Tool kit standards web service


1. What are the different application integration styles?
2. What is Grid Computing?

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3. What is QOS?
4. What are the derivatives of grid computing?
5. What are the features of data grids?
6. What is load balancing?
7. What is grid infrastructure?

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8. Define ? Distributed Computing.
9. Define ? OSGI.
10. Define ? OSGA.
11. What is the use of API?s in cloud services?
12. What is the difference between cloud and grid?

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13. What is data communication?
14. What are the elements of data communication?

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Viva-voce

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20 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 04: DEVELOP APPLICATIONS USING JAVA OR C/C++ GRID
APIS
Aim:

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To develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
1. Import all the necessary java packages and name the file as GridLayoutDemo.java
2. Set up components to preferred size
3. Add buttons to experiment with Grid Layout
4. Add controls to set up horizontal and vertical gaps

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5. Process the Apply gaps button press
6. Create the GUI
7. Create and set up the window,Set up the content pane and Display the Window
8. Schedule a job for the event dispatch thread
9. Show the application's GUI

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21 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00



Sample Output:

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Figure 1: Horizontal, Left-to-Right Figure 2: Horizontal, Right-to-Left

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Result:
Thus the program to develop an application in java using Grid APIs was successfully executed.
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

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0 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

College o f Engineering

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?



DEPARTMENT OF

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COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
VII SEMESTER - R 2013

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Name : ______________________________________
Reg. No. : ______________________________________
Section : ______________________________________

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LABORATORY MANUAL


1 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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DHANALAKSHMI


is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and enterprising
professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and training.

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? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic Excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart and

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soul

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

To strive for acquiring, applying and imparting knowledge in Computer Science and Engineering through quality

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education and to provide enthusiastic professionals with commitment


? To produce highly competent and globally employable engineers in the field of Computer Science and
Engineering

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? To inculcate human values among the student community and make them realize their commitment to the society
? To exhibit excellence in pursuit of research and innovative products with a zeal to serve the society


VISION

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VISION
MISSION
MISSION

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2 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)
1. Fundamentals
To provide students with a solid foundation in Mathematics, Science and fundamentals of engineering, enabling

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them to apply, to find solutions for engineering problems and use this knowledge to acquire higher education
2. Core Competence
To train the students in Computer science and engineering technologies so that they apply their knowledge and
training to compare, and to analyze various engineering industrial problems to find solutions
3. Breadth

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To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice this enables them to
find solutions for the real time problems in industry, and to design products
4. Professionalism
To inculcate professional and effective communication skills, leadership qualities and team spirit in the students
to make them multi-faceted personalities and develop their ability to relate engineering issues to broader social

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context
5. Lifelong Learning/Ethics
To demonstrate and practice ethical and professional responsibilities in the industry and society in the large,
through commitment and lifelong learning needed for successful professional career

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4

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PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)
a) To demonstrate and apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Electronics and Communication Engineering field
b) To design a component, a system or a process to meet the specific needs within the realistic constraints
such as economics, environment, ethics, health, safety and manufacturability

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c) To demonstrate the competency to use software tools for computation, simulation and testing of electronics and
communication engineering circuits
d) To identify, formulate and solve electronic and communication engineering problems
e) To demonstrate an ability to visualize and work on laboratory and multidisciplinary tasks
f) To function as a member or a leader in multidisciplinary activities

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g) To communicate in verbal and written form with fellow engineers and society at large
h) To understand the impact of Electronics and Communication Engineering in the society and demonstrate awareness
of contemporary issues and commitment to give solutions exhibiting social responsibility
i) To demonstrate professional & ethical responsibilities
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning

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k) To participate and succeed in competitive exams

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5 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

SYLLABUS

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Learn the working of ARM processor
Understand the Building Blocks of Embedded Systems
Learn the concept of memory map and memory interface
Know the characteristics of Real Time Systems
Write programs to interface memory, I/Os with processor

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Study the interrupt performance
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
GRID COMPUTING LAB
Use Globus Toolkit or equivalent and do the following:
1. Develop a new Web Service for Calculator.

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2. Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service.
3. Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service.
4. Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs
5. Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus Toolkit.
6. Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it with and without

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GRAM concept.

CLOUD COMPUTING LAB
Use Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent to set up the cloud and demonstrate.
1. Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines

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COURSE OBJECTIVES


6 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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can be utilized at particular time.
2. Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even
after the release of the virtual machine.
3. Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program.
4. Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other.

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5. Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it.
6. Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster.
7. Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE.
8. Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it.
9. Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits.

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid.
? Design and Implement applications on the Cloud.
? Design network objects by applying the networking concepts.
? Create virtualization concept.
? Design web based applications.

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? Apply cloud tools for resource allocation.
? Apply grid tools for network translation.
? Design private cloud using open stack.
COURSE OUTCOMES

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7


CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
CONTENTS

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Sl. No. Name of the Experiment Page No.
CYCLE 1 ? EXPERIMENTS ( GRID COMPUTING)
1
Develop a new Web Service for Calculator 7
2

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Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service 16
3
Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service 19
4
Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs 22

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5
Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus
Toolkit
25
6

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Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it
with and without GRAM concept
27
CYCLE 2 ? EXPERIMENTS (CLOUD COMPUTING)
1

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Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how
many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
34
2
Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it

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holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
36
3 Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program 39
4
Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to

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the other
42
5 Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it 45
6 Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster 47
7 Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE

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ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS
1 Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it 52
2 Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks 55

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8 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO GRID COMPUTING


GRID TECHNOLOGY

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? Flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and
resource
? Grid architecture
? Defined using services and protocols
? Using the ?sand hourglass? model similar to the TCP/IP protocol stack

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"A computational grid is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides dependable, consistent, pervasive and
inexpensive access to high-end computational capabilities."
Grid computing makes it possible to dynamically share and coordinate dispersed, heterogeneous computing
resources. Flexibility and ubiquity are essential characteristics of Web services technologies such as WSDL (Web

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Services Description Language), SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), and UDDI (Universal Description,
Discovery, and Integration).
The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) combines technologies to unlock and exploit grid-attached resources.
OGSA defines mechanisms to create, manage, and exchange information between Grid Services, a special type of
Web service. The architecture uses WSDL extensively to describe the structure and behavior of a service. Service

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descriptions are located and discovered using Web Services Inspection Language (WSIL). By combining elements
from grid computing and Web services technologies, OGSA establishes an extensible and interoperable design and
development framework for Grid Services that includes details for service definition, discovery, and life-cycle
management.

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9 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


GLOBUS TOOLKIT

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The Globus Toolkit provides software tools to make it easier to build computational grids and grid-based
applications. The Globus Toolkit is both an open architecture and open source toolkit.

? The Globus Toolkit is a product of the Globus Alliance (http://www.globus.org)

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? It is middleware for developing grids
? The current release is 6.0.
? Four key protocols and APIs
? Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI)
? Grid Resource Allocation & Mgmt (GRAM)

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? Grid Resource Information Protocol (GRIP) and Index Information Protocol (GIIP)
? Grid File Transfer Protocol (GridFTP)
? Implementations on many platforms
? Resources, security systems, data models,
? Various collective layer protocols & tools

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? Info services, replica management, etc.
? A basis for many Grid-enabled tools & apps
FTP, SSH, Condor, SRB, MPI, EDG, GridPort,
GLOBUS TOOLKIT? COMPONENTS
? Security

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? GSI ? Grid Security Infrastructure
? Resource Management
? GRAM ? Grid Resource Allocation Manager
o globusrun
o RSL

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o gatekeeper
o job manager
o DUROC ? Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator
? Information Services
? MDS ? Monitoring and Discovery Service

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10 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

o GRIS ? Grid Resource Information Service

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o GIIS ? Grid Index Information Service
o MDS Client
? Data Management
o GridFTP, GASS
The Globus Toolkit latest version 6.0 includes:

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GSI: security
GridFTP: file transfer
GRAM: job execution/resource management
MyProxy: credential repository/certificate authority
GSI-OpenSSH: GSI secure single sign-on remote shell

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11 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

GLOBUS TOOLKIT INSTALLATION PROCEDURE

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Step1: For installing Globus Toolkit nothing more easy than download the latest package:
http://toolkit.globus.org/ftppub/gt6/installers/repo/globus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
sudodpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Step2: Update the repositories: sudo apt-get update
Step3: To install Debian or Ubuntu package, download the globus-toolkit-repo package

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from the link above and install it with the command:
root@sysa63:/home/#dpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Do the following for Debian-based systems:
root@sysa63:/home/#apt-get install globus-data-management-client

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12 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 01: DEVELOP A NEW WEB SERVICE FOR CALCULATOR

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Aim:
Develop a Web Service for new Calculator
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Our first web service is an extremely simple Math Web Service, which we'll refer to asMathService. It will
2. allow users to perform the following operations:
a. Addition

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b. Subtraction
3. Furthermore, MathService will have the following resource properties (RPs for short):
a. Value (integer)
b. Last operation performed (string)
4. We will also add a "Get Value" operation to access the Value RP. Once a new resource is created, the

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"value" RP is initialized to zero, and the "last operation" RP is initialized to "NONE". The parameter is
added/subtracted to the "value" RP, and the "last operation" RP is changed to "ADDITION" or
"SUBTRACTION" accordingly. Also, the addition and subtraction operations don't return anything.
5. Writing and deploying a WSRF Web Service is easier than you might think. You just have to follow five
simple steps.

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6. Define the service's interface. This is done with WSDL
7. Implement the service. This is done with Java.
8. Define the deployment parameters. This is done with WSDD and JNDI
9. Compile everything and generate a GAR file. This is done with Ant
10. Deploy service. This is also done with a GT4 tool

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Sample Code:

_instance"
xmlns ="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"

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xmlns:tns="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/examples/core/MathService_instance"
xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsrp="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-
ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.xsd" xmlns:wsrpw="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-

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13 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.wsdl"
xmlns:wsdlpp="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/2004/10/WSDLPreprocessor"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">

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Result:
Thus the program for developing web service for new calculator was successfully executed.

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14 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid by using Web Service for new Calculator
Applications:

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To make a calculator in Windows application using web service


1) What is Web Service?
2) What are the advantages of web services?

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3) What are the different types of web services?
4) What is SOAP?
5) What are the advantages of SOAP web services?
6) What are the disadvantages of SOAP web services?
7) What is WSDL?

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8) What is UDDI?
9) What are RESTful web services?
10) What are the advantages of RESTful web services?
11) What is the difference between SOAP and REST web services?
12) What is SOA service architecture?

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13) What tools are used to deploy web services?
14) What is Web Service architecture?
15) What are the advantages of web services in globus toolkit?
16) What are the different types of web services?
17) What is SOAP web services?

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18) What is UDP and TCP?
19) What is stateless SOA?
20) What is data balancing in WSDL?
Viva-voce

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15 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 02: DEVELOP NEW OGSA-COMPLIANT WEB SERVICE

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Aim:
To develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid Service using .NET language.
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

1. Developed by the Global Grid Forum
2. Aims to define a common, standard, open architecture for Grid Applications.

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3. Defines a set of rules that make up a grid service.
4. Sharing and Coordinated use of diverse resources in Dynamic VO's

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Result:
Thus the program for developing OGSA- Complaint web service was successfully executed.


16 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid

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Service using .NET language
Applications:
? Sharing of information among diverse components of large heterogenous grid systems
? WAN

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1. How would you decide what style of Web Service to use? SOAP WS or REST?
2. Does the service expose data or business logic?
3. Do consumers and the service providers require a formal contract?

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4. Do we need to support multiple data formats?
5. Do we need to make AJAX calls?
6. Is the call synchronous or asynchronous?
7. What level of security is required?
8. What level of transaction support is required?

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9. Do we have limited band width?
10. What tools do you use to test your Web Services?
11. What is the difference between SOA and a Web service?
12. What is a microservice architecture (aka MSA)?
13. What is data integrity?

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14. What is cloud infrastructure?


Viva-voce

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17 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 03: USING APACHE AXIS DEVELOP A GRID SERVICE

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Aim:
To develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Creating the New Level in the Package
2. Edit the Configuration Files
3. Modify the Service Code

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4. Modify the Client
5. Compile and Deploy
6. Starting the Container
7. Compile the Client
8. Run the Client

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18 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:
Addition was successful
Subtraction was successful
Multiplication was successful

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Division was successful
Current value: 20.

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Result:
Thus the program for Grid Service using Apache Axis was successfully executed.

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19 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Applications:
? To create web service in Java
? To work with Globus Tool kit standards web service

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1. What are the different application integration styles?
2. What is Grid Computing?
3. What is QOS?

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4. What are the derivatives of grid computing?
5. What are the features of data grids?
6. What is load balancing?
7. What is grid infrastructure?
8. Define ? Distributed Computing.

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9. Define ? OSGI.
10. Define ? OSGA.
11. What is the use of API?s in cloud services?
12. What is the difference between cloud and grid?
13. What is data communication?

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14. What are the elements of data communication?

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Viva-voce


20 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 04: DEVELOP APPLICATIONS USING JAVA OR C/C++ GRID
APIS
Aim:
To develop an application in Java using Grid APIs

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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1. Import all the necessary java packages and name the file as GridLayoutDemo.java
2. Set up components to preferred size
3. Add buttons to experiment with Grid Layout
4. Add controls to set up horizontal and vertical gaps
5. Process the Apply gaps button press

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6. Create the GUI
7. Create and set up the window,Set up the content pane and Display the Window
8. Schedule a job for the event dispatch thread
9. Show the application's GUI

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21 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:

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Figure 1: Horizontal, Left-to-Right Figure 2: Horizontal, Right-to-Left

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Result:
Thus the program to develop an application in java using Grid APIs was successfully executed.

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22 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Applications:
Used for defining a application programme interface for common distributes computing functionality

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1) Describe the two most important advantages of using Distributed/Grid Computing.
2) What is the main function of DNS?
3) Briefly outline two applications of Public Key systems.
4) Provide one major difference between synchronous and asynchronous communication.

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5) Provide one major difference between ASCII and Unicode encodings.
6) Provide two major differences between sequential computing and parallel computing.
7) Write the any three Grid Applications.
8) Give the examples of Hardware service provider.
9) Give the example of software application ASP.

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10) What are grid portals? Give example.
11) What are the high level services including in existing globus tool kit?
12) Name the components available in Nimrod architecture?
13) What are the major objectives of Euro grid project?
14) What is the application specific work packages identified for the Euro grid?

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15) Define dynamic accounting system.

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Viva-voce
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice


0 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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College o f Engineering
?

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DEPARTMENT OF
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

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VII SEMESTER - R 2013

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Name : ______________________________________

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Reg. No. : ______________________________________
Section : ______________________________________
LABORATORY MANUAL

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1 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

DHANALAKSHMI

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is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and enterprising
professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and training.


? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry

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? To contribute to the promotion of Academic Excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart and
soul

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

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To strive for acquiring, applying and imparting knowledge in Computer Science and Engineering through quality
education and to provide enthusiastic professionals with commitment

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? To produce highly competent and globally employable engineers in the field of Computer Science and
Engineering
? To inculcate human values among the student community and make them realize their commitment to the society
? To exhibit excellence in pursuit of research and innovative products with a zeal to serve the society

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VISION
VISION
MISSION
MISSION

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2 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)

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1. Fundamentals
To provide students with a solid foundation in Mathematics, Science and fundamentals of engineering, enabling
them to apply, to find solutions for engineering problems and use this knowledge to acquire higher education
2. Core Competence
To train the students in Computer science and engineering technologies so that they apply their knowledge and

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training to compare, and to analyze various engineering industrial problems to find solutions
3. Breadth
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice this enables them to
find solutions for the real time problems in industry, and to design products
4. Professionalism

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To inculcate professional and effective communication skills, leadership qualities and team spirit in the students
to make them multi-faceted personalities and develop their ability to relate engineering issues to broader social
context
5. Lifelong Learning/Ethics
To demonstrate and practice ethical and professional responsibilities in the industry and society in the large,

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through commitment and lifelong learning needed for successful professional career



4

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PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)
a) To demonstrate and apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Electronics and Communication Engineering field

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b) To design a component, a system or a process to meet the specific needs within the realistic constraints
such as economics, environment, ethics, health, safety and manufacturability
c) To demonstrate the competency to use software tools for computation, simulation and testing of electronics and
communication engineering circuits
d) To identify, formulate and solve electronic and communication engineering problems

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e) To demonstrate an ability to visualize and work on laboratory and multidisciplinary tasks
f) To function as a member or a leader in multidisciplinary activities
g) To communicate in verbal and written form with fellow engineers and society at large
h) To understand the impact of Electronics and Communication Engineering in the society and demonstrate awareness
of contemporary issues and commitment to give solutions exhibiting social responsibility

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i) To demonstrate professional & ethical responsibilities
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To participate and succeed in competitive exams

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5 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

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SYLLABUS
Learn the working of ARM processor
Understand the Building Blocks of Embedded Systems
Learn the concept of memory map and memory interface

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Know the characteristics of Real Time Systems
Write programs to interface memory, I/Os with processor
Study the interrupt performance
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
GRID COMPUTING LAB

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Use Globus Toolkit or equivalent and do the following:
1. Develop a new Web Service for Calculator.
2. Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service.
3. Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service.
4. Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs

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5. Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus Toolkit.
6. Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it with and without
GRAM concept.

CLOUD COMPUTING LAB

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Use Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent to set up the cloud and demonstrate.
1. Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines
COURSE OBJECTIVES

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6 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

can be utilized at particular time.
2. Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even
after the release of the virtual machine.

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3. Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program.
4. Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other.
5. Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it.
6. Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster.
7. Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE.

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8. Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it.
9. Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits.
? Design and implement applications on the Grid.
? Design and Implement applications on the Cloud.
? Design network objects by applying the networking concepts.

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? Create virtualization concept.
? Design web based applications.
? Apply cloud tools for resource allocation.
? Apply grid tools for network translation.
? Design private cloud using open stack.

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COURSE OUTCOMES

7

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CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
CONTENTS
Sl. No. Name of the Experiment Page No.
CYCLE 1 ? EXPERIMENTS ( GRID COMPUTING)
1

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Develop a new Web Service for Calculator 7
2
Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service 16
3
Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service 19

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4
Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs 22
5
Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus
Toolkit

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25
6
Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it
with and without GRAM concept
27

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CYCLE 2 ? EXPERIMENTS (CLOUD COMPUTING)
1
Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how
many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
34

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2
Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it
holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
36
3 Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program 39

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4
Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to
the other
42
5 Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it 45

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6 Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster 47
7 Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE
ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS
1 Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it 52
2 Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks 55

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8 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO GRID COMPUTING

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GRID TECHNOLOGY

? Flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and
resource
? Grid architecture

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? Defined using services and protocols
? Using the ?sand hourglass? model similar to the TCP/IP protocol stack

"A computational grid is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides dependable, consistent, pervasive and
inexpensive access to high-end computational capabilities."

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Grid computing makes it possible to dynamically share and coordinate dispersed, heterogeneous computing
resources. Flexibility and ubiquity are essential characteristics of Web services technologies such as WSDL (Web
Services Description Language), SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), and UDDI (Universal Description,
Discovery, and Integration).
The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) combines technologies to unlock and exploit grid-attached resources.

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OGSA defines mechanisms to create, manage, and exchange information between Grid Services, a special type of
Web service. The architecture uses WSDL extensively to describe the structure and behavior of a service. Service
descriptions are located and discovered using Web Services Inspection Language (WSIL). By combining elements
from grid computing and Web services technologies, OGSA establishes an extensible and interoperable design and
development framework for Grid Services that includes details for service definition, discovery, and life-cycle

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management.


9 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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GLOBUS TOOLKIT

The Globus Toolkit provides software tools to make it easier to build computational grids and grid-based
applications. The Globus Toolkit is both an open architecture and open source toolkit.

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? The Globus Toolkit is a product of the Globus Alliance (http://www.globus.org)
? It is middleware for developing grids
? The current release is 6.0.
? Four key protocols and APIs

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? Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI)
? Grid Resource Allocation & Mgmt (GRAM)
? Grid Resource Information Protocol (GRIP) and Index Information Protocol (GIIP)
? Grid File Transfer Protocol (GridFTP)
? Implementations on many platforms

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? Resources, security systems, data models,
? Various collective layer protocols & tools
? Info services, replica management, etc.
? A basis for many Grid-enabled tools & apps
FTP, SSH, Condor, SRB, MPI, EDG, GridPort,

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GLOBUS TOOLKIT? COMPONENTS
? Security
? GSI ? Grid Security Infrastructure
? Resource Management
? GRAM ? Grid Resource Allocation Manager

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o globusrun
o RSL
o gatekeeper
o job manager
o DUROC ? Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator

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? Information Services
? MDS ? Monitoring and Discovery Service


10 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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o GRIS ? Grid Resource Information Service
o GIIS ? Grid Index Information Service
o MDS Client
? Data Management

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o GridFTP, GASS
The Globus Toolkit latest version 6.0 includes:
GSI: security
GridFTP: file transfer
GRAM: job execution/resource management

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MyProxy: credential repository/certificate authority
GSI-OpenSSH: GSI secure single sign-on remote shell


11 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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GLOBUS TOOLKIT INSTALLATION PROCEDURE
Step1: For installing Globus Toolkit nothing more easy than download the latest package:
http://toolkit.globus.org/ftppub/gt6/installers/repo/globus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
sudodpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb

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Step2: Update the repositories: sudo apt-get update
Step3: To install Debian or Ubuntu package, download the globus-toolkit-repo package
from the link above and install it with the command:
root@sysa63:/home/#dpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Do the following for Debian-based systems:

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root@sysa63:/home/#apt-get install globus-data-management-client

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12 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 01: DEVELOP A NEW WEB SERVICE FOR CALCULATOR

Aim:
Develop a Web Service for new Calculator
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Our first web service is an extremely simple Math Web Service, which we'll refer to asMathService. It will

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2. allow users to perform the following operations:
a. Addition
b. Subtraction
3. Furthermore, MathService will have the following resource properties (RPs for short):
a. Value (integer)

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b. Last operation performed (string)
4. We will also add a "Get Value" operation to access the Value RP. Once a new resource is created, the
"value" RP is initialized to zero, and the "last operation" RP is initialized to "NONE". The parameter is
added/subtracted to the "value" RP, and the "last operation" RP is changed to "ADDITION" or
"SUBTRACTION" accordingly. Also, the addition and subtraction operations don't return anything.

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5. Writing and deploying a WSRF Web Service is easier than you might think. You just have to follow five
simple steps.
6. Define the service's interface. This is done with WSDL
7. Implement the service. This is done with Java.
8. Define the deployment parameters. This is done with WSDD and JNDI

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9. Compile everything and generate a GAR file. This is done with Ant
10. Deploy service. This is also done with a GT4 tool

Sample Code:

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_instance"
xmlns ="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"
xmlns:tns="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/examples/core/MathService_instance"
xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsrp="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-
ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.xsd" xmlns:wsrpw="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-

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13 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.wsdl"

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xmlns:wsdlpp="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/2004/10/WSDLPreprocessor"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">

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Result:
Thus the program for developing web service for new calculator was successfully executed.

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14 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid by using Web Service for new Calculator
Applications:
To make a calculator in Windows application using web service

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1) What is Web Service?
2) What are the advantages of web services?
3) What are the different types of web services?
4) What is SOAP?
5) What are the advantages of SOAP web services?

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6) What are the disadvantages of SOAP web services?
7) What is WSDL?
8) What is UDDI?
9) What are RESTful web services?
10) What are the advantages of RESTful web services?

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11) What is the difference between SOAP and REST web services?
12) What is SOA service architecture?
13) What tools are used to deploy web services?
14) What is Web Service architecture?
15) What are the advantages of web services in globus toolkit?

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16) What are the different types of web services?
17) What is SOAP web services?
18) What is UDP and TCP?
19) What is stateless SOA?
20) What is data balancing in WSDL?

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Viva-voce


15 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 02: DEVELOP NEW OGSA-COMPLIANT WEB SERVICE

Aim:
To develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid Service using .NET language.
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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1. Developed by the Global Grid Forum
2. Aims to define a common, standard, open architecture for Grid Applications.
3. Defines a set of rules that make up a grid service.
4. Sharing and Coordinated use of diverse resources in Dynamic VO's

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Result:
Thus the program for developing OGSA- Complaint web service was successfully executed.

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16 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid
Service using .NET language
Applications:
? Sharing of information among diverse components of large heterogenous grid systems

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? WAN



1. How would you decide what style of Web Service to use? SOAP WS or REST?

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2. Does the service expose data or business logic?
3. Do consumers and the service providers require a formal contract?
4. Do we need to support multiple data formats?
5. Do we need to make AJAX calls?
6. Is the call synchronous or asynchronous?

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7. What level of security is required?
8. What level of transaction support is required?
9. Do we have limited band width?
10. What tools do you use to test your Web Services?
11. What is the difference between SOA and a Web service?

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12. What is a microservice architecture (aka MSA)?
13. What is data integrity?
14. What is cloud infrastructure?

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Viva-voce


17 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 03: USING APACHE AXIS DEVELOP A GRID SERVICE

Aim:
To develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Creating the New Level in the Package

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2. Edit the Configuration Files
3. Modify the Service Code
4. Modify the Client
5. Compile and Deploy
6. Starting the Container

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7. Compile the Client
8. Run the Client

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18 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:
Addition was successful

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Subtraction was successful
Multiplication was successful
Division was successful
Current value: 20.

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Result:

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Thus the program for Grid Service using Apache Axis was successfully executed.


19 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Applications:

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? To create web service in Java
? To work with Globus Tool kit standards web service


1. What are the different application integration styles?

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2. What is Grid Computing?
3. What is QOS?
4. What are the derivatives of grid computing?
5. What are the features of data grids?
6. What is load balancing?

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7. What is grid infrastructure?
8. Define ? Distributed Computing.
9. Define ? OSGI.
10. Define ? OSGA.
11. What is the use of API?s in cloud services?

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12. What is the difference between cloud and grid?
13. What is data communication?
14. What are the elements of data communication?

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Viva-voce

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20 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 04: DEVELOP APPLICATIONS USING JAVA OR C/C++ GRID
APIS

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Aim:
To develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Import all the necessary java packages and name the file as GridLayoutDemo.java
2. Set up components to preferred size
3. Add buttons to experiment with Grid Layout

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4. Add controls to set up horizontal and vertical gaps
5. Process the Apply gaps button press
6. Create the GUI
7. Create and set up the window,Set up the content pane and Display the Window
8. Schedule a job for the event dispatch thread

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9. Show the application's GUI

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21 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:

Figure 1: Horizontal, Left-to-Right Figure 2: Horizontal, Right-to-Left

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Result:
Thus the program to develop an application in java using Grid APIs was successfully executed.

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22 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Applications:
Used for defining a application programme interface for common distributes computing functionality

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1) Describe the two most important advantages of using Distributed/Grid Computing.
2) What is the main function of DNS?

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3) Briefly outline two applications of Public Key systems.
4) Provide one major difference between synchronous and asynchronous communication.
5) Provide one major difference between ASCII and Unicode encodings.
6) Provide two major differences between sequential computing and parallel computing.
7) Write the any three Grid Applications.

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8) Give the examples of Hardware service provider.
9) Give the example of software application ASP.
10) What are grid portals? Give example.
11) What are the high level services including in existing globus tool kit?
12) Name the components available in Nimrod architecture?

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13) What are the major objectives of Euro grid project?
14) What is the application specific work packages identified for the Euro grid?
15) Define dynamic accounting system.

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Viva-voce

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23 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

EX.NO. 05: DEVELOP SECURED APPLICATIONS USING BASIC
SECURITY MECHANISMS AVAILABLE IN GLOBUS TOOLKIT.
Aim:

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To develop a secured applications using a basic security mechanisms available in Globus toolkit
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
The Globus Toolkit incorporates multiple security components that establish the identity of users or services
(authentication), protect communications, and determine who is allowed to perform what actions (authorization), as
well as manage user credentials.
? GSI C: The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and

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certificate management.
? MyProxy: MyProxy is open source software for managing X.509 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) security
credentials (certificates and private keys).
? GSI-OpenSSH: GSI-OpenSSH is a modified version of OpenSSH that adds support for X.509 proxy
certificate authentication and delegation, providing a single sign-on remote login and file transfer service.

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The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and certificate
management. The authentication API is built using Public KeyInfrastructure (PKI) technologies, e.g. X.509
Certificates and TLS. In addition to authentication it features a delegation mechanism based upon X.509 Proxy
Certificates. Authorization support takes the form of a couple of APIs. The first provides a generic authorization API
that allows callouts to perform access control based on the client's credentials (i.e. the X.509 certificate chain). The

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second provides a simple access control list that maps authorized remote entities to local (system) user names. The
second mechanism also provides callouts that allow third parties to override the default behavior and is currently
used in the Gatekeeper and GridFTP servers. In addition to the above there are various lower level APIs and tools
for managing, discovering and querying certificates.
Components for Grid Security

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1. Basic Security Mechanisms
2. Components for Credential Generation
3. Components for Credential Management
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

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0 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

College o f Engineering
?

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DEPARTMENT OF
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

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CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
VII SEMESTER - R 2013

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Name : ______________________________________
Reg. No. : ______________________________________
Section : ______________________________________
LABORATORY MANUAL

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1 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

DHANALAKSHMI

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is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and enterprising
professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and training.

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? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic Excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart and
soul

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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

To strive for acquiring, applying and imparting knowledge in Computer Science and Engineering through quality
education and to provide enthusiastic professionals with commitment

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? To produce highly competent and globally employable engineers in the field of Computer Science and
Engineering
? To inculcate human values among the student community and make them realize their commitment to the society

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? To exhibit excellence in pursuit of research and innovative products with a zeal to serve the society


VISION
VISION

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MISSION
MISSION


2 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)
1. Fundamentals
To provide students with a solid foundation in Mathematics, Science and fundamentals of engineering, enabling
them to apply, to find solutions for engineering problems and use this knowledge to acquire higher education

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2. Core Competence
To train the students in Computer science and engineering technologies so that they apply their knowledge and
training to compare, and to analyze various engineering industrial problems to find solutions
3. Breadth
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice this enables them to

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find solutions for the real time problems in industry, and to design products
4. Professionalism
To inculcate professional and effective communication skills, leadership qualities and team spirit in the students
to make them multi-faceted personalities and develop their ability to relate engineering issues to broader social
context

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5. Lifelong Learning/Ethics
To demonstrate and practice ethical and professional responsibilities in the industry and society in the large,
through commitment and lifelong learning needed for successful professional career

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4


PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)

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a) To demonstrate and apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Electronics and Communication Engineering field
b) To design a component, a system or a process to meet the specific needs within the realistic constraints
such as economics, environment, ethics, health, safety and manufacturability
c) To demonstrate the competency to use software tools for computation, simulation and testing of electronics and

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communication engineering circuits
d) To identify, formulate and solve electronic and communication engineering problems
e) To demonstrate an ability to visualize and work on laboratory and multidisciplinary tasks
f) To function as a member or a leader in multidisciplinary activities
g) To communicate in verbal and written form with fellow engineers and society at large

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h) To understand the impact of Electronics and Communication Engineering in the society and demonstrate awareness
of contemporary issues and commitment to give solutions exhibiting social responsibility
i) To demonstrate professional & ethical responsibilities
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To participate and succeed in competitive exams

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5 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

SYLLABUS
Learn the working of ARM processor

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Understand the Building Blocks of Embedded Systems
Learn the concept of memory map and memory interface
Know the characteristics of Real Time Systems
Write programs to interface memory, I/Os with processor
Study the interrupt performance

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LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
GRID COMPUTING LAB
Use Globus Toolkit or equivalent and do the following:
1. Develop a new Web Service for Calculator.
2. Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service.

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3. Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service.
4. Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs
5. Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus Toolkit.
6. Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it with and without
GRAM concept.

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CLOUD COMPUTING LAB
Use Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent to set up the cloud and demonstrate.
1. Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines
COURSE OBJECTIVES

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6 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

can be utilized at particular time.

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2. Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even
after the release of the virtual machine.
3. Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program.
4. Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other.
5. Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it.

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6. Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster.
7. Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE.
8. Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it.
9. Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits.
? Design and implement applications on the Grid.

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? Design and Implement applications on the Cloud.
? Design network objects by applying the networking concepts.
? Create virtualization concept.
? Design web based applications.
? Apply cloud tools for resource allocation.

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? Apply grid tools for network translation.
? Design private cloud using open stack.
COURSE OUTCOMES

7

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CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
CONTENTS
Sl. No. Name of the Experiment Page No.

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CYCLE 1 ? EXPERIMENTS ( GRID COMPUTING)
1
Develop a new Web Service for Calculator 7
2
Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service 16

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3
Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service 19
4
Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs 22
5

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Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus
Toolkit
25
6
Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it

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with and without GRAM concept
27
CYCLE 2 ? EXPERIMENTS (CLOUD COMPUTING)
1
Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how

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many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
34
2
Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it
holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine

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36
3 Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program 39
4
Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to
the other

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42
5 Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it 45
6 Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster 47
7 Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE
ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS

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1 Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it 52
2 Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks 55

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8 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO GRID COMPUTING

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GRID TECHNOLOGY

? Flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and

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resource
? Grid architecture
? Defined using services and protocols
? Using the ?sand hourglass? model similar to the TCP/IP protocol stack

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"A computational grid is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides dependable, consistent, pervasive and
inexpensive access to high-end computational capabilities."
Grid computing makes it possible to dynamically share and coordinate dispersed, heterogeneous computing
resources. Flexibility and ubiquity are essential characteristics of Web services technologies such as WSDL (Web
Services Description Language), SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), and UDDI (Universal Description,

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Discovery, and Integration).
The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) combines technologies to unlock and exploit grid-attached resources.
OGSA defines mechanisms to create, manage, and exchange information between Grid Services, a special type of
Web service. The architecture uses WSDL extensively to describe the structure and behavior of a service. Service
descriptions are located and discovered using Web Services Inspection Language (WSIL). By combining elements

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from grid computing and Web services technologies, OGSA establishes an extensible and interoperable design and
development framework for Grid Services that includes details for service definition, discovery, and life-cycle
management.

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9 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


GLOBUS TOOLKIT

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The Globus Toolkit provides software tools to make it easier to build computational grids and grid-based
applications. The Globus Toolkit is both an open architecture and open source toolkit.

? The Globus Toolkit is a product of the Globus Alliance (http://www.globus.org)
? It is middleware for developing grids

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? The current release is 6.0.
? Four key protocols and APIs
? Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI)
? Grid Resource Allocation & Mgmt (GRAM)
? Grid Resource Information Protocol (GRIP) and Index Information Protocol (GIIP)

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? Grid File Transfer Protocol (GridFTP)
? Implementations on many platforms
? Resources, security systems, data models,
? Various collective layer protocols & tools
? Info services, replica management, etc.

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? A basis for many Grid-enabled tools & apps
FTP, SSH, Condor, SRB, MPI, EDG, GridPort,
GLOBUS TOOLKIT? COMPONENTS
? Security
? GSI ? Grid Security Infrastructure

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? Resource Management
? GRAM ? Grid Resource Allocation Manager
o globusrun
o RSL
o gatekeeper

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o job manager
o DUROC ? Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator
? Information Services
? MDS ? Monitoring and Discovery Service

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10 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

o GRIS ? Grid Resource Information Service
o GIIS ? Grid Index Information Service

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o MDS Client
? Data Management
o GridFTP, GASS
The Globus Toolkit latest version 6.0 includes:
GSI: security

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GridFTP: file transfer
GRAM: job execution/resource management
MyProxy: credential repository/certificate authority
GSI-OpenSSH: GSI secure single sign-on remote shell

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11 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

GLOBUS TOOLKIT INSTALLATION PROCEDURE
Step1: For installing Globus Toolkit nothing more easy than download the latest package:

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http://toolkit.globus.org/ftppub/gt6/installers/repo/globus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
sudodpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Step2: Update the repositories: sudo apt-get update
Step3: To install Debian or Ubuntu package, download the globus-toolkit-repo package
from the link above and install it with the command:

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root@sysa63:/home/#dpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Do the following for Debian-based systems:
root@sysa63:/home/#apt-get install globus-data-management-client

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12 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 01: DEVELOP A NEW WEB SERVICE FOR CALCULATOR

Aim:

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Develop a Web Service for new Calculator
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
1. Our first web service is an extremely simple Math Web Service, which we'll refer to asMathService. It will
2. allow users to perform the following operations:
a. Addition
b. Subtraction

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3. Furthermore, MathService will have the following resource properties (RPs for short):
a. Value (integer)
b. Last operation performed (string)
4. We will also add a "Get Value" operation to access the Value RP. Once a new resource is created, the
"value" RP is initialized to zero, and the "last operation" RP is initialized to "NONE". The parameter is

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added/subtracted to the "value" RP, and the "last operation" RP is changed to "ADDITION" or
"SUBTRACTION" accordingly. Also, the addition and subtraction operations don't return anything.
5. Writing and deploying a WSRF Web Service is easier than you might think. You just have to follow five
simple steps.
6. Define the service's interface. This is done with WSDL

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7. Implement the service. This is done with Java.
8. Define the deployment parameters. This is done with WSDD and JNDI
9. Compile everything and generate a GAR file. This is done with Ant
10. Deploy service. This is also done with a GT4 tool

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Sample Code:

_instance"
xmlns ="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"
xmlns:tns="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/examples/core/MathService_instance"

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xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsrp="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-
ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.xsd" xmlns:wsrpw="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-


13 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.wsdl"
xmlns:wsdlpp="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/2004/10/WSDLPreprocessor"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">

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Result:
Thus the program for developing web service for new calculator was successfully executed.

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14 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid by using Web Service for new Calculator
Applications:
To make a calculator in Windows application using web service

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1) What is Web Service?
2) What are the advantages of web services?
3) What are the different types of web services?

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4) What is SOAP?
5) What are the advantages of SOAP web services?
6) What are the disadvantages of SOAP web services?
7) What is WSDL?
8) What is UDDI?

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9) What are RESTful web services?
10) What are the advantages of RESTful web services?
11) What is the difference between SOAP and REST web services?
12) What is SOA service architecture?
13) What tools are used to deploy web services?

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14) What is Web Service architecture?
15) What are the advantages of web services in globus toolkit?
16) What are the different types of web services?
17) What is SOAP web services?
18) What is UDP and TCP?

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19) What is stateless SOA?
20) What is data balancing in WSDL?
Viva-voce

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15 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 02: DEVELOP NEW OGSA-COMPLIANT WEB SERVICE

Aim:

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To develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid Service using .NET language.
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:

1. Developed by the Global Grid Forum
2. Aims to define a common, standard, open architecture for Grid Applications.
3. Defines a set of rules that make up a grid service.

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4. Sharing and Coordinated use of diverse resources in Dynamic VO's

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Result:

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Thus the program for developing OGSA- Complaint web service was successfully executed.


16 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid
Service using .NET language

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Applications:
? Sharing of information among diverse components of large heterogenous grid systems
? WAN

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1. How would you decide what style of Web Service to use? SOAP WS or REST?
2. Does the service expose data or business logic?
3. Do consumers and the service providers require a formal contract?
4. Do we need to support multiple data formats?

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5. Do we need to make AJAX calls?
6. Is the call synchronous or asynchronous?
7. What level of security is required?
8. What level of transaction support is required?
9. Do we have limited band width?

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10. What tools do you use to test your Web Services?
11. What is the difference between SOA and a Web service?
12. What is a microservice architecture (aka MSA)?
13. What is data integrity?
14. What is cloud infrastructure?

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Viva-voce

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17 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 03: USING APACHE AXIS DEVELOP A GRID SERVICE

Aim:

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To develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
1. Creating the New Level in the Package
2. Edit the Configuration Files
3. Modify the Service Code
4. Modify the Client

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5. Compile and Deploy
6. Starting the Container
7. Compile the Client
8. Run the Client

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18 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:
Addition was successful
Subtraction was successful
Multiplication was successful
Division was successful

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Current value: 20.

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Result:
Thus the program for Grid Service using Apache Axis was successfully executed.

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19 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Applications:
? To create web service in Java
? To work with Globus Tool kit standards web service

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1. What are the different application integration styles?
2. What is Grid Computing?
3. What is QOS?
4. What are the derivatives of grid computing?

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5. What are the features of data grids?
6. What is load balancing?
7. What is grid infrastructure?
8. Define ? Distributed Computing.
9. Define ? OSGI.

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10. Define ? OSGA.
11. What is the use of API?s in cloud services?
12. What is the difference between cloud and grid?
13. What is data communication?
14. What are the elements of data communication?

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Viva-voce


20 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 04: DEVELOP APPLICATIONS USING JAVA OR C/C++ GRID
APIS
Aim:
To develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Import all the necessary java packages and name the file as GridLayoutDemo.java

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2. Set up components to preferred size
3. Add buttons to experiment with Grid Layout
4. Add controls to set up horizontal and vertical gaps
5. Process the Apply gaps button press
6. Create the GUI

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7. Create and set up the window,Set up the content pane and Display the Window
8. Schedule a job for the event dispatch thread
9. Show the application's GUI

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21 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:

Figure 1: Horizontal, Left-to-Right Figure 2: Horizontal, Right-to-Left

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Result:
Thus the program to develop an application in java using Grid APIs was successfully executed.


22 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop an application in Java using Grid APIs

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Applications:
Used for defining a application programme interface for common distributes computing functionality

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1) Describe the two most important advantages of using Distributed/Grid Computing.
2) What is the main function of DNS?
3) Briefly outline two applications of Public Key systems.
4) Provide one major difference between synchronous and asynchronous communication.
5) Provide one major difference between ASCII and Unicode encodings.

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6) Provide two major differences between sequential computing and parallel computing.
7) Write the any three Grid Applications.
8) Give the examples of Hardware service provider.
9) Give the example of software application ASP.
10) What are grid portals? Give example.

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11) What are the high level services including in existing globus tool kit?
12) Name the components available in Nimrod architecture?
13) What are the major objectives of Euro grid project?
14) What is the application specific work packages identified for the Euro grid?
15) Define dynamic accounting system.

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Viva-voce

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23 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

EX.NO. 05: DEVELOP SECURED APPLICATIONS USING BASIC

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SECURITY MECHANISMS AVAILABLE IN GLOBUS TOOLKIT.
Aim:
To develop a secured applications using a basic security mechanisms available in Globus toolkit
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
The Globus Toolkit incorporates multiple security components that establish the identity of users or services
(authentication), protect communications, and determine who is allowed to perform what actions (authorization), as

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well as manage user credentials.
? GSI C: The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and
certificate management.
? MyProxy: MyProxy is open source software for managing X.509 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) security
credentials (certificates and private keys).

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? GSI-OpenSSH: GSI-OpenSSH is a modified version of OpenSSH that adds support for X.509 proxy
certificate authentication and delegation, providing a single sign-on remote login and file transfer service.
The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and certificate
management. The authentication API is built using Public KeyInfrastructure (PKI) technologies, e.g. X.509
Certificates and TLS. In addition to authentication it features a delegation mechanism based upon X.509 Proxy

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Certificates. Authorization support takes the form of a couple of APIs. The first provides a generic authorization API
that allows callouts to perform access control based on the client's credentials (i.e. the X.509 certificate chain). The
second provides a simple access control list that maps authorized remote entities to local (system) user names. The
second mechanism also provides callouts that allow third parties to override the default behavior and is currently
used in the Gatekeeper and GridFTP servers. In addition to the above there are various lower level APIs and tools

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for managing, discovering and querying certificates.
Components for Grid Security
1. Basic Security Mechanisms
2. Components for Credential Generation
3. Components for Credential Management

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24 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Beyond verifying the identities of users and services, basic Grid security mechanisms leave access control decisions

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to services. The Grid community has developed authorization and access control tools for storing and providing
access to system-wide authorization information and for creating a central data store for supporting decentralized
control mechanisms.
Basic Security Mechanisms
? Pre-Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A non-Web services implementation of the Grid

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Security Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI
mechanisms
? Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A Web services implementation of the Grid Security
Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI mechanisms

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Result:

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Thus the program to develop a security application available in Globus toolkit was successfully executed.
Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a secured applications using a basic security

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mechanisms available in Globus toolkit

FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

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0 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

College o f Engineering
?

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DEPARTMENT OF
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

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CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
VII SEMESTER - R 2013

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Name : ______________________________________
Reg. No. : ______________________________________
Section : ______________________________________
LABORATORY MANUAL

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1 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

DHANALAKSHMI

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is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and enterprising
professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and training.

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? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic Excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart and
soul

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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

To strive for acquiring, applying and imparting knowledge in Computer Science and Engineering through quality
education and to provide enthusiastic professionals with commitment

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? To produce highly competent and globally employable engineers in the field of Computer Science and
Engineering
? To inculcate human values among the student community and make them realize their commitment to the society
? To exhibit excellence in pursuit of research and innovative products with a zeal to serve the society

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VISION
VISION
MISSION

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MISSION


2 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)
1. Fundamentals
To provide students with a solid foundation in Mathematics, Science and fundamentals of engineering, enabling
them to apply, to find solutions for engineering problems and use this knowledge to acquire higher education
2. Core Competence

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To train the students in Computer science and engineering technologies so that they apply their knowledge and
training to compare, and to analyze various engineering industrial problems to find solutions
3. Breadth
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice this enables them to
find solutions for the real time problems in industry, and to design products

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4. Professionalism
To inculcate professional and effective communication skills, leadership qualities and team spirit in the students
to make them multi-faceted personalities and develop their ability to relate engineering issues to broader social
context
5. Lifelong Learning/Ethics

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To demonstrate and practice ethical and professional responsibilities in the industry and society in the large,
through commitment and lifelong learning needed for successful professional career

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4


PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)
a) To demonstrate and apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in

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Electronics and Communication Engineering field
b) To design a component, a system or a process to meet the specific needs within the realistic constraints
such as economics, environment, ethics, health, safety and manufacturability
c) To demonstrate the competency to use software tools for computation, simulation and testing of electronics and
communication engineering circuits

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d) To identify, formulate and solve electronic and communication engineering problems
e) To demonstrate an ability to visualize and work on laboratory and multidisciplinary tasks
f) To function as a member or a leader in multidisciplinary activities
g) To communicate in verbal and written form with fellow engineers and society at large
h) To understand the impact of Electronics and Communication Engineering in the society and demonstrate awareness

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of contemporary issues and commitment to give solutions exhibiting social responsibility
i) To demonstrate professional & ethical responsibilities
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To participate and succeed in competitive exams

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5 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

SYLLABUS
Learn the working of ARM processor
Understand the Building Blocks of Embedded Systems

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Learn the concept of memory map and memory interface
Know the characteristics of Real Time Systems
Write programs to interface memory, I/Os with processor
Study the interrupt performance
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

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GRID COMPUTING LAB
Use Globus Toolkit or equivalent and do the following:
1. Develop a new Web Service for Calculator.
2. Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service.
3. Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service.

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4. Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs
5. Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus Toolkit.
6. Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it with and without
GRAM concept.

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CLOUD COMPUTING LAB
Use Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent to set up the cloud and demonstrate.
1. Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines
COURSE OBJECTIVES

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6 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

can be utilized at particular time.
2. Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even

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after the release of the virtual machine.
3. Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program.
4. Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other.
5. Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it.
6. Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster.

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7. Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE.
8. Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it.
9. Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits.
? Design and implement applications on the Grid.
? Design and Implement applications on the Cloud.

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? Design network objects by applying the networking concepts.
? Create virtualization concept.
? Design web based applications.
? Apply cloud tools for resource allocation.
? Apply grid tools for network translation.

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? Design private cloud using open stack.
COURSE OUTCOMES

7

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CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
CONTENTS
Sl. No. Name of the Experiment Page No.
CYCLE 1 ? EXPERIMENTS ( GRID COMPUTING)

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1
Develop a new Web Service for Calculator 7
2
Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service 16
3

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Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service 19
4
Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs 22
5
Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus

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Toolkit
25
6
Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it
with and without GRAM concept

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27
CYCLE 2 ? EXPERIMENTS (CLOUD COMPUTING)
1
Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how
many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time

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34
2
Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it
holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
36

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3 Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program 39
4
Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to
the other
42

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5 Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it 45
6 Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster 47
7 Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE
ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS
1 Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it 52

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2 Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks 55

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8 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO GRID COMPUTING

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GRID TECHNOLOGY

? Flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and
resource

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? Grid architecture
? Defined using services and protocols
? Using the ?sand hourglass? model similar to the TCP/IP protocol stack

"A computational grid is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides dependable, consistent, pervasive and

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inexpensive access to high-end computational capabilities."
Grid computing makes it possible to dynamically share and coordinate dispersed, heterogeneous computing
resources. Flexibility and ubiquity are essential characteristics of Web services technologies such as WSDL (Web
Services Description Language), SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), and UDDI (Universal Description,
Discovery, and Integration).

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The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) combines technologies to unlock and exploit grid-attached resources.
OGSA defines mechanisms to create, manage, and exchange information between Grid Services, a special type of
Web service. The architecture uses WSDL extensively to describe the structure and behavior of a service. Service
descriptions are located and discovered using Web Services Inspection Language (WSIL). By combining elements
from grid computing and Web services technologies, OGSA establishes an extensible and interoperable design and

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development framework for Grid Services that includes details for service definition, discovery, and life-cycle
management.


9 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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GLOBUS TOOLKIT

The Globus Toolkit provides software tools to make it easier to build computational grids and grid-based

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applications. The Globus Toolkit is both an open architecture and open source toolkit.

? The Globus Toolkit is a product of the Globus Alliance (http://www.globus.org)
? It is middleware for developing grids
? The current release is 6.0.

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? Four key protocols and APIs
? Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI)
? Grid Resource Allocation & Mgmt (GRAM)
? Grid Resource Information Protocol (GRIP) and Index Information Protocol (GIIP)
? Grid File Transfer Protocol (GridFTP)

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? Implementations on many platforms
? Resources, security systems, data models,
? Various collective layer protocols & tools
? Info services, replica management, etc.
? A basis for many Grid-enabled tools & apps

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FTP, SSH, Condor, SRB, MPI, EDG, GridPort,
GLOBUS TOOLKIT? COMPONENTS
? Security
? GSI ? Grid Security Infrastructure
? Resource Management

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? GRAM ? Grid Resource Allocation Manager
o globusrun
o RSL
o gatekeeper
o job manager

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o DUROC ? Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator
? Information Services
? MDS ? Monitoring and Discovery Service

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10 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

o GRIS ? Grid Resource Information Service
o GIIS ? Grid Index Information Service
o MDS Client

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? Data Management
o GridFTP, GASS
The Globus Toolkit latest version 6.0 includes:
GSI: security
GridFTP: file transfer

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GRAM: job execution/resource management
MyProxy: credential repository/certificate authority
GSI-OpenSSH: GSI secure single sign-on remote shell

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11 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

GLOBUS TOOLKIT INSTALLATION PROCEDURE
Step1: For installing Globus Toolkit nothing more easy than download the latest package:
http://toolkit.globus.org/ftppub/gt6/installers/repo/globus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb

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sudodpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Step2: Update the repositories: sudo apt-get update
Step3: To install Debian or Ubuntu package, download the globus-toolkit-repo package
from the link above and install it with the command:
root@sysa63:/home/#dpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb

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Do the following for Debian-based systems:
root@sysa63:/home/#apt-get install globus-data-management-client

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12 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 01: DEVELOP A NEW WEB SERVICE FOR CALCULATOR

Aim:
Develop a Web Service for new Calculator

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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1. Our first web service is an extremely simple Math Web Service, which we'll refer to asMathService. It will
2. allow users to perform the following operations:
a. Addition
b. Subtraction
3. Furthermore, MathService will have the following resource properties (RPs for short):

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a. Value (integer)
b. Last operation performed (string)
4. We will also add a "Get Value" operation to access the Value RP. Once a new resource is created, the
"value" RP is initialized to zero, and the "last operation" RP is initialized to "NONE". The parameter is
added/subtracted to the "value" RP, and the "last operation" RP is changed to "ADDITION" or

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"SUBTRACTION" accordingly. Also, the addition and subtraction operations don't return anything.
5. Writing and deploying a WSRF Web Service is easier than you might think. You just have to follow five
simple steps.
6. Define the service's interface. This is done with WSDL
7. Implement the service. This is done with Java.

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8. Define the deployment parameters. This is done with WSDD and JNDI
9. Compile everything and generate a GAR file. This is done with Ant
10. Deploy service. This is also done with a GT4 tool

Sample Code:

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_instance"
xmlns ="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"
xmlns:tns="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/examples/core/MathService_instance"
xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsrp="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-

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ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.xsd" xmlns:wsrpw="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-


13 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.wsdl"
xmlns:wsdlpp="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/2004/10/WSDLPreprocessor"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">

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Result:
Thus the program for developing web service for new calculator was successfully executed.

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14 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid by using Web Service for new Calculator
Applications:
To make a calculator in Windows application using web service

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1) What is Web Service?
2) What are the advantages of web services?
3) What are the different types of web services?
4) What is SOAP?

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5) What are the advantages of SOAP web services?
6) What are the disadvantages of SOAP web services?
7) What is WSDL?
8) What is UDDI?
9) What are RESTful web services?

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10) What are the advantages of RESTful web services?
11) What is the difference between SOAP and REST web services?
12) What is SOA service architecture?
13) What tools are used to deploy web services?
14) What is Web Service architecture?

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15) What are the advantages of web services in globus toolkit?
16) What are the different types of web services?
17) What is SOAP web services?
18) What is UDP and TCP?
19) What is stateless SOA?

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20) What is data balancing in WSDL?
Viva-voce


15 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 02: DEVELOP NEW OGSA-COMPLIANT WEB SERVICE

Aim:
To develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid Service using .NET language.

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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1. Developed by the Global Grid Forum
2. Aims to define a common, standard, open architecture for Grid Applications.
3. Defines a set of rules that make up a grid service.
4. Sharing and Coordinated use of diverse resources in Dynamic VO's

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Result:
Thus the program for developing OGSA- Complaint web service was successfully executed.

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16 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid
Service using .NET language
Applications:

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? Sharing of information among diverse components of large heterogenous grid systems
? WAN

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1. How would you decide what style of Web Service to use? SOAP WS or REST?
2. Does the service expose data or business logic?
3. Do consumers and the service providers require a formal contract?
4. Do we need to support multiple data formats?
5. Do we need to make AJAX calls?

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6. Is the call synchronous or asynchronous?
7. What level of security is required?
8. What level of transaction support is required?
9. Do we have limited band width?
10. What tools do you use to test your Web Services?

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11. What is the difference between SOA and a Web service?
12. What is a microservice architecture (aka MSA)?
13. What is data integrity?
14. What is cloud infrastructure?

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Viva-voce


17 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 03: USING APACHE AXIS DEVELOP A GRID SERVICE

Aim:
To develop a Grid service using Apache Axis

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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1. Creating the New Level in the Package
2. Edit the Configuration Files
3. Modify the Service Code
4. Modify the Client
5. Compile and Deploy

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6. Starting the Container
7. Compile the Client
8. Run the Client

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18 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00



Sample Output:

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Addition was successful
Subtraction was successful
Multiplication was successful
Division was successful
Current value: 20.

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Result:
Thus the program for Grid Service using Apache Axis was successfully executed.


19 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid service using Apache Axis

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Applications:
? To create web service in Java
? To work with Globus Tool kit standards web service

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1. What are the different application integration styles?
2. What is Grid Computing?
3. What is QOS?
4. What are the derivatives of grid computing?
5. What are the features of data grids?

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6. What is load balancing?
7. What is grid infrastructure?
8. Define ? Distributed Computing.
9. Define ? OSGI.
10. Define ? OSGA.

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11. What is the use of API?s in cloud services?
12. What is the difference between cloud and grid?
13. What is data communication?
14. What are the elements of data communication?

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Viva-voce

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20 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 04: DEVELOP APPLICATIONS USING JAVA OR C/C++ GRID

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APIS
Aim:
To develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Import all the necessary java packages and name the file as GridLayoutDemo.java
2. Set up components to preferred size

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3. Add buttons to experiment with Grid Layout
4. Add controls to set up horizontal and vertical gaps
5. Process the Apply gaps button press
6. Create the GUI
7. Create and set up the window,Set up the content pane and Display the Window

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8. Schedule a job for the event dispatch thread
9. Show the application's GUI

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21 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:

Figure 1: Horizontal, Left-to-Right Figure 2: Horizontal, Right-to-Left

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Result:

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Thus the program to develop an application in java using Grid APIs was successfully executed.


22 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Applications:

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Used for defining a application programme interface for common distributes computing functionality



1) Describe the two most important advantages of using Distributed/Grid Computing.

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2) What is the main function of DNS?
3) Briefly outline two applications of Public Key systems.
4) Provide one major difference between synchronous and asynchronous communication.
5) Provide one major difference between ASCII and Unicode encodings.
6) Provide two major differences between sequential computing and parallel computing.

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7) Write the any three Grid Applications.
8) Give the examples of Hardware service provider.
9) Give the example of software application ASP.
10) What are grid portals? Give example.
11) What are the high level services including in existing globus tool kit?

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12) Name the components available in Nimrod architecture?
13) What are the major objectives of Euro grid project?
14) What is the application specific work packages identified for the Euro grid?
15) Define dynamic accounting system.

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Viva-voce

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23 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

EX.NO. 05: DEVELOP SECURED APPLICATIONS USING BASIC
SECURITY MECHANISMS AVAILABLE IN GLOBUS TOOLKIT.

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Aim:
To develop a secured applications using a basic security mechanisms available in Globus toolkit
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
The Globus Toolkit incorporates multiple security components that establish the identity of users or services
(authentication), protect communications, and determine who is allowed to perform what actions (authorization), as
well as manage user credentials.

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? GSI C: The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and
certificate management.
? MyProxy: MyProxy is open source software for managing X.509 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) security
credentials (certificates and private keys).
? GSI-OpenSSH: GSI-OpenSSH is a modified version of OpenSSH that adds support for X.509 proxy

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certificate authentication and delegation, providing a single sign-on remote login and file transfer service.
The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and certificate
management. The authentication API is built using Public KeyInfrastructure (PKI) technologies, e.g. X.509
Certificates and TLS. In addition to authentication it features a delegation mechanism based upon X.509 Proxy
Certificates. Authorization support takes the form of a couple of APIs. The first provides a generic authorization API

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that allows callouts to perform access control based on the client's credentials (i.e. the X.509 certificate chain). The
second provides a simple access control list that maps authorized remote entities to local (system) user names. The
second mechanism also provides callouts that allow third parties to override the default behavior and is currently
used in the Gatekeeper and GridFTP servers. In addition to the above there are various lower level APIs and tools
for managing, discovering and querying certificates.

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Components for Grid Security
1. Basic Security Mechanisms
2. Components for Credential Generation
3. Components for Credential Management

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24 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Beyond verifying the identities of users and services, basic Grid security mechanisms leave access control decisions
to services. The Grid community has developed authorization and access control tools for storing and providing

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access to system-wide authorization information and for creating a central data store for supporting decentralized
control mechanisms.
Basic Security Mechanisms
? Pre-Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A non-Web services implementation of the Grid
Security Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI

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mechanisms
? Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A Web services implementation of the Grid Security
Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI mechanisms

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Result:
Thus the program to develop a security application available in Globus toolkit was successfully executed.

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a secured applications using a basic security
mechanisms available in Globus toolkit

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25 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Applications:
To provide easy acces to best breed open source network security


1. What are the collective services available in grid computing?

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2. What are the basic principles of autonomous computing?
3. What are the four essential characteristics of on demand business?
4. What are the essential capabilities provided by on demand business?
5. What are the two most important technologies for building semantic webs?
6. Define Peer to Peer computing?

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7. What is the combination of Globus GT3 toolkit?
8. What is a GT3 core?
9. What are the components available in service model?
10. Define WS-Trust
11. Define WS ?Federation

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12. Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
13. Who are the actors in CDC?
14. Mention the scenarios in CDC?
15. What are the functional requirements of CDC on OGSA?

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Viva-voce
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

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0 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

College o f Engineering

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?



DEPARTMENT OF

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COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
VII SEMESTER - R 2013

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Name : ______________________________________
Reg. No. : ______________________________________
Section : ______________________________________

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LABORATORY MANUAL


1 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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DHANALAKSHMI


is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and enterprising
professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and training.

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? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic Excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart and

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soul

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

To strive for acquiring, applying and imparting knowledge in Computer Science and Engineering through quality

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education and to provide enthusiastic professionals with commitment


? To produce highly competent and globally employable engineers in the field of Computer Science and
Engineering

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? To inculcate human values among the student community and make them realize their commitment to the society
? To exhibit excellence in pursuit of research and innovative products with a zeal to serve the society


VISION

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VISION
MISSION
MISSION

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2 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)
1. Fundamentals
To provide students with a solid foundation in Mathematics, Science and fundamentals of engineering, enabling

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them to apply, to find solutions for engineering problems and use this knowledge to acquire higher education
2. Core Competence
To train the students in Computer science and engineering technologies so that they apply their knowledge and
training to compare, and to analyze various engineering industrial problems to find solutions
3. Breadth

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To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice this enables them to
find solutions for the real time problems in industry, and to design products
4. Professionalism
To inculcate professional and effective communication skills, leadership qualities and team spirit in the students
to make them multi-faceted personalities and develop their ability to relate engineering issues to broader social

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context
5. Lifelong Learning/Ethics
To demonstrate and practice ethical and professional responsibilities in the industry and society in the large,
through commitment and lifelong learning needed for successful professional career

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4

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PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)
a) To demonstrate and apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Electronics and Communication Engineering field
b) To design a component, a system or a process to meet the specific needs within the realistic constraints
such as economics, environment, ethics, health, safety and manufacturability

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c) To demonstrate the competency to use software tools for computation, simulation and testing of electronics and
communication engineering circuits
d) To identify, formulate and solve electronic and communication engineering problems
e) To demonstrate an ability to visualize and work on laboratory and multidisciplinary tasks
f) To function as a member or a leader in multidisciplinary activities

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g) To communicate in verbal and written form with fellow engineers and society at large
h) To understand the impact of Electronics and Communication Engineering in the society and demonstrate awareness
of contemporary issues and commitment to give solutions exhibiting social responsibility
i) To demonstrate professional & ethical responsibilities
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning

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k) To participate and succeed in competitive exams

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5 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

SYLLABUS

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Learn the working of ARM processor
Understand the Building Blocks of Embedded Systems
Learn the concept of memory map and memory interface
Know the characteristics of Real Time Systems
Write programs to interface memory, I/Os with processor

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Study the interrupt performance
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
GRID COMPUTING LAB
Use Globus Toolkit or equivalent and do the following:
1. Develop a new Web Service for Calculator.

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2. Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service.
3. Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service.
4. Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs
5. Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus Toolkit.
6. Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it with and without

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GRAM concept.

CLOUD COMPUTING LAB
Use Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent to set up the cloud and demonstrate.
1. Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines

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COURSE OBJECTIVES


6 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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can be utilized at particular time.
2. Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even
after the release of the virtual machine.
3. Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program.
4. Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other.

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5. Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it.
6. Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster.
7. Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE.
8. Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it.
9. Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits.

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid.
? Design and Implement applications on the Cloud.
? Design network objects by applying the networking concepts.
? Create virtualization concept.
? Design web based applications.

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? Apply cloud tools for resource allocation.
? Apply grid tools for network translation.
? Design private cloud using open stack.
COURSE OUTCOMES

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7


CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
CONTENTS

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Sl. No. Name of the Experiment Page No.
CYCLE 1 ? EXPERIMENTS ( GRID COMPUTING)
1
Develop a new Web Service for Calculator 7
2

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Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service 16
3
Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service 19
4
Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs 22

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5
Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus
Toolkit
25
6

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Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it
with and without GRAM concept
27
CYCLE 2 ? EXPERIMENTS (CLOUD COMPUTING)
1

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Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how
many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
34
2
Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it

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holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
36
3 Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program 39
4
Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to

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the other
42
5 Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it 45
6 Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster 47
7 Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE

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ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS
1 Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it 52
2 Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks 55

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8 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO GRID COMPUTING


GRID TECHNOLOGY

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? Flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and
resource
? Grid architecture
? Defined using services and protocols
? Using the ?sand hourglass? model similar to the TCP/IP protocol stack

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"A computational grid is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides dependable, consistent, pervasive and
inexpensive access to high-end computational capabilities."
Grid computing makes it possible to dynamically share and coordinate dispersed, heterogeneous computing
resources. Flexibility and ubiquity are essential characteristics of Web services technologies such as WSDL (Web

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Services Description Language), SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), and UDDI (Universal Description,
Discovery, and Integration).
The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) combines technologies to unlock and exploit grid-attached resources.
OGSA defines mechanisms to create, manage, and exchange information between Grid Services, a special type of
Web service. The architecture uses WSDL extensively to describe the structure and behavior of a service. Service

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descriptions are located and discovered using Web Services Inspection Language (WSIL). By combining elements
from grid computing and Web services technologies, OGSA establishes an extensible and interoperable design and
development framework for Grid Services that includes details for service definition, discovery, and life-cycle
management.

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9 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


GLOBUS TOOLKIT

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The Globus Toolkit provides software tools to make it easier to build computational grids and grid-based
applications. The Globus Toolkit is both an open architecture and open source toolkit.

? The Globus Toolkit is a product of the Globus Alliance (http://www.globus.org)

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? It is middleware for developing grids
? The current release is 6.0.
? Four key protocols and APIs
? Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI)
? Grid Resource Allocation & Mgmt (GRAM)

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? Grid Resource Information Protocol (GRIP) and Index Information Protocol (GIIP)
? Grid File Transfer Protocol (GridFTP)
? Implementations on many platforms
? Resources, security systems, data models,
? Various collective layer protocols & tools

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? Info services, replica management, etc.
? A basis for many Grid-enabled tools & apps
FTP, SSH, Condor, SRB, MPI, EDG, GridPort,
GLOBUS TOOLKIT? COMPONENTS
? Security

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? GSI ? Grid Security Infrastructure
? Resource Management
? GRAM ? Grid Resource Allocation Manager
o globusrun
o RSL

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o gatekeeper
o job manager
o DUROC ? Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator
? Information Services
? MDS ? Monitoring and Discovery Service

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10 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

o GRIS ? Grid Resource Information Service

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o GIIS ? Grid Index Information Service
o MDS Client
? Data Management
o GridFTP, GASS
The Globus Toolkit latest version 6.0 includes:

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GSI: security
GridFTP: file transfer
GRAM: job execution/resource management
MyProxy: credential repository/certificate authority
GSI-OpenSSH: GSI secure single sign-on remote shell

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11 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

GLOBUS TOOLKIT INSTALLATION PROCEDURE

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Step1: For installing Globus Toolkit nothing more easy than download the latest package:
http://toolkit.globus.org/ftppub/gt6/installers/repo/globus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
sudodpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Step2: Update the repositories: sudo apt-get update
Step3: To install Debian or Ubuntu package, download the globus-toolkit-repo package

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from the link above and install it with the command:
root@sysa63:/home/#dpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Do the following for Debian-based systems:
root@sysa63:/home/#apt-get install globus-data-management-client

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12 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 01: DEVELOP A NEW WEB SERVICE FOR CALCULATOR

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Aim:
Develop a Web Service for new Calculator
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Our first web service is an extremely simple Math Web Service, which we'll refer to asMathService. It will
2. allow users to perform the following operations:
a. Addition

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b. Subtraction
3. Furthermore, MathService will have the following resource properties (RPs for short):
a. Value (integer)
b. Last operation performed (string)
4. We will also add a "Get Value" operation to access the Value RP. Once a new resource is created, the

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"value" RP is initialized to zero, and the "last operation" RP is initialized to "NONE". The parameter is
added/subtracted to the "value" RP, and the "last operation" RP is changed to "ADDITION" or
"SUBTRACTION" accordingly. Also, the addition and subtraction operations don't return anything.
5. Writing and deploying a WSRF Web Service is easier than you might think. You just have to follow five
simple steps.

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6. Define the service's interface. This is done with WSDL
7. Implement the service. This is done with Java.
8. Define the deployment parameters. This is done with WSDD and JNDI
9. Compile everything and generate a GAR file. This is done with Ant
10. Deploy service. This is also done with a GT4 tool

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Sample Code:

_instance"
xmlns ="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"

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xmlns:tns="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/examples/core/MathService_instance"
xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsrp="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-
ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.xsd" xmlns:wsrpw="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-

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13 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.wsdl"
xmlns:wsdlpp="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/2004/10/WSDLPreprocessor"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">

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Result:
Thus the program for developing web service for new calculator was successfully executed.

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14 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid by using Web Service for new Calculator
Applications:

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To make a calculator in Windows application using web service


1) What is Web Service?
2) What are the advantages of web services?

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3) What are the different types of web services?
4) What is SOAP?
5) What are the advantages of SOAP web services?
6) What are the disadvantages of SOAP web services?
7) What is WSDL?

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8) What is UDDI?
9) What are RESTful web services?
10) What are the advantages of RESTful web services?
11) What is the difference between SOAP and REST web services?
12) What is SOA service architecture?

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13) What tools are used to deploy web services?
14) What is Web Service architecture?
15) What are the advantages of web services in globus toolkit?
16) What are the different types of web services?
17) What is SOAP web services?

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18) What is UDP and TCP?
19) What is stateless SOA?
20) What is data balancing in WSDL?
Viva-voce

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15 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 02: DEVELOP NEW OGSA-COMPLIANT WEB SERVICE

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Aim:
To develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid Service using .NET language.
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

1. Developed by the Global Grid Forum
2. Aims to define a common, standard, open architecture for Grid Applications.

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3. Defines a set of rules that make up a grid service.
4. Sharing and Coordinated use of diverse resources in Dynamic VO's

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Result:
Thus the program for developing OGSA- Complaint web service was successfully executed.


16 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid

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Service using .NET language
Applications:
? Sharing of information among diverse components of large heterogenous grid systems
? WAN

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1. How would you decide what style of Web Service to use? SOAP WS or REST?
2. Does the service expose data or business logic?
3. Do consumers and the service providers require a formal contract?

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4. Do we need to support multiple data formats?
5. Do we need to make AJAX calls?
6. Is the call synchronous or asynchronous?
7. What level of security is required?
8. What level of transaction support is required?

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9. Do we have limited band width?
10. What tools do you use to test your Web Services?
11. What is the difference between SOA and a Web service?
12. What is a microservice architecture (aka MSA)?
13. What is data integrity?

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14. What is cloud infrastructure?


Viva-voce

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17 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 03: USING APACHE AXIS DEVELOP A GRID SERVICE

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Aim:
To develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Creating the New Level in the Package
2. Edit the Configuration Files
3. Modify the Service Code

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4. Modify the Client
5. Compile and Deploy
6. Starting the Container
7. Compile the Client
8. Run the Client

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18 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:
Addition was successful
Subtraction was successful
Multiplication was successful

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Division was successful
Current value: 20.

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Result:
Thus the program for Grid Service using Apache Axis was successfully executed.

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19 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Applications:
? To create web service in Java
? To work with Globus Tool kit standards web service

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1. What are the different application integration styles?
2. What is Grid Computing?
3. What is QOS?

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4. What are the derivatives of grid computing?
5. What are the features of data grids?
6. What is load balancing?
7. What is grid infrastructure?
8. Define ? Distributed Computing.

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9. Define ? OSGI.
10. Define ? OSGA.
11. What is the use of API?s in cloud services?
12. What is the difference between cloud and grid?
13. What is data communication?

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14. What are the elements of data communication?

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Viva-voce


20 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 04: DEVELOP APPLICATIONS USING JAVA OR C/C++ GRID
APIS
Aim:
To develop an application in Java using Grid APIs

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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1. Import all the necessary java packages and name the file as GridLayoutDemo.java
2. Set up components to preferred size
3. Add buttons to experiment with Grid Layout
4. Add controls to set up horizontal and vertical gaps
5. Process the Apply gaps button press

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6. Create the GUI
7. Create and set up the window,Set up the content pane and Display the Window
8. Schedule a job for the event dispatch thread
9. Show the application's GUI

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21 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:

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Figure 1: Horizontal, Left-to-Right Figure 2: Horizontal, Right-to-Left

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Result:
Thus the program to develop an application in java using Grid APIs was successfully executed.

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22 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Applications:
Used for defining a application programme interface for common distributes computing functionality

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1) Describe the two most important advantages of using Distributed/Grid Computing.
2) What is the main function of DNS?
3) Briefly outline two applications of Public Key systems.
4) Provide one major difference between synchronous and asynchronous communication.

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5) Provide one major difference between ASCII and Unicode encodings.
6) Provide two major differences between sequential computing and parallel computing.
7) Write the any three Grid Applications.
8) Give the examples of Hardware service provider.
9) Give the example of software application ASP.

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10) What are grid portals? Give example.
11) What are the high level services including in existing globus tool kit?
12) Name the components available in Nimrod architecture?
13) What are the major objectives of Euro grid project?
14) What is the application specific work packages identified for the Euro grid?

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15) Define dynamic accounting system.

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Viva-voce


23 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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EX.NO. 05: DEVELOP SECURED APPLICATIONS USING BASIC
SECURITY MECHANISMS AVAILABLE IN GLOBUS TOOLKIT.
Aim:
To develop a secured applications using a basic security mechanisms available in Globus toolkit
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
The Globus Toolkit incorporates multiple security components that establish the identity of users or services

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(authentication), protect communications, and determine who is allowed to perform what actions (authorization), as
well as manage user credentials.
? GSI C: The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and
certificate management.
? MyProxy: MyProxy is open source software for managing X.509 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) security

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credentials (certificates and private keys).
? GSI-OpenSSH: GSI-OpenSSH is a modified version of OpenSSH that adds support for X.509 proxy
certificate authentication and delegation, providing a single sign-on remote login and file transfer service.
The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and certificate
management. The authentication API is built using Public KeyInfrastructure (PKI) technologies, e.g. X.509

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Certificates and TLS. In addition to authentication it features a delegation mechanism based upon X.509 Proxy
Certificates. Authorization support takes the form of a couple of APIs. The first provides a generic authorization API
that allows callouts to perform access control based on the client's credentials (i.e. the X.509 certificate chain). The
second provides a simple access control list that maps authorized remote entities to local (system) user names. The
second mechanism also provides callouts that allow third parties to override the default behavior and is currently

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used in the Gatekeeper and GridFTP servers. In addition to the above there are various lower level APIs and tools
for managing, discovering and querying certificates.
Components for Grid Security
1. Basic Security Mechanisms
2. Components for Credential Generation

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3. Components for Credential Management


24 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Beyond verifying the identities of users and services, basic Grid security mechanisms leave access control decisions
to services. The Grid community has developed authorization and access control tools for storing and providing
access to system-wide authorization information and for creating a central data store for supporting decentralized
control mechanisms.
Basic Security Mechanisms

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? Pre-Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A non-Web services implementation of the Grid
Security Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI
mechanisms
? Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A Web services implementation of the Grid Security
Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI mechanisms

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Result:
Thus the program to develop a security application available in Globus toolkit was successfully executed.
Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a secured applications using a basic security
mechanisms available in Globus toolkit

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25 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Applications:
To provide easy acces to best breed open source network security

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1. What are the collective services available in grid computing?
2. What are the basic principles of autonomous computing?
3. What are the four essential characteristics of on demand business?
4. What are the essential capabilities provided by on demand business?

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5. What are the two most important technologies for building semantic webs?
6. Define Peer to Peer computing?
7. What is the combination of Globus GT3 toolkit?
8. What is a GT3 core?
9. What are the components available in service model?

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10. Define WS-Trust
11. Define WS ?Federation
12. Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
13. Who are the actors in CDC?
14. Mention the scenarios in CDC?

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15. What are the functional requirements of CDC on OGSA?

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Viva-voce


26 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 06: DEVELOP A GRID PORTAL, WHERE USER CAN SUBMIT
A JOB AND GET THE RESULT, IMPLEMENT IT WITH AND WITHOUT
GRAM CONCEPT.
Aim:
To develop a Grid portal and implement it with and without GRAM concept

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
Multiple times that the likely user interface to grid applications will be through portals, specifically Web portals. A grid
portal may be constructed as a Web page interface to provide easy access to grid applications. The Web user
interface provides user authentication, job submission, job monitoring, and results of the job.
Globus Resource Allocation Manager (GRAM)

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When a job is submitted by a client, the request is sent to the remote host and handled by a gatekeeper daemon.
The gatekeeper creates a job manager to start and monitor the job. When the job is finished, the job manager
sends the status information back to the client and terminates.
The GRAM subsystem consists of the following elements:
? The globusrun command and associated APIs Resource Specification Language (RSL)

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? The gatekeeper daemon The job manager Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator (DUROC)
Each of these elements are described briefly below.
The globusrun command
The globusrun command (or its equivalent API) submits a job to a resource within the grid. This command
is typically passed an RSL string (see below) that specifies parameters and other properties required to successfully

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launch and run the job
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice


0 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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College o f Engineering
?

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DEPARTMENT OF
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

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VII SEMESTER - R 2013

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Name : ______________________________________

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Reg. No. : ______________________________________
Section : ______________________________________
LABORATORY MANUAL

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1 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

DHANALAKSHMI

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is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and enterprising
professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and training.


? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry

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? To contribute to the promotion of Academic Excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart and
soul

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

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To strive for acquiring, applying and imparting knowledge in Computer Science and Engineering through quality
education and to provide enthusiastic professionals with commitment

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? To produce highly competent and globally employable engineers in the field of Computer Science and
Engineering
? To inculcate human values among the student community and make them realize their commitment to the society
? To exhibit excellence in pursuit of research and innovative products with a zeal to serve the society

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VISION
VISION
MISSION
MISSION

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2 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)

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1. Fundamentals
To provide students with a solid foundation in Mathematics, Science and fundamentals of engineering, enabling
them to apply, to find solutions for engineering problems and use this knowledge to acquire higher education
2. Core Competence
To train the students in Computer science and engineering technologies so that they apply their knowledge and

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training to compare, and to analyze various engineering industrial problems to find solutions
3. Breadth
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice this enables them to
find solutions for the real time problems in industry, and to design products
4. Professionalism

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To inculcate professional and effective communication skills, leadership qualities and team spirit in the students
to make them multi-faceted personalities and develop their ability to relate engineering issues to broader social
context
5. Lifelong Learning/Ethics
To demonstrate and practice ethical and professional responsibilities in the industry and society in the large,

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through commitment and lifelong learning needed for successful professional career



4

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PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)
a) To demonstrate and apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Electronics and Communication Engineering field

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b) To design a component, a system or a process to meet the specific needs within the realistic constraints
such as economics, environment, ethics, health, safety and manufacturability
c) To demonstrate the competency to use software tools for computation, simulation and testing of electronics and
communication engineering circuits
d) To identify, formulate and solve electronic and communication engineering problems

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e) To demonstrate an ability to visualize and work on laboratory and multidisciplinary tasks
f) To function as a member or a leader in multidisciplinary activities
g) To communicate in verbal and written form with fellow engineers and society at large
h) To understand the impact of Electronics and Communication Engineering in the society and demonstrate awareness
of contemporary issues and commitment to give solutions exhibiting social responsibility

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i) To demonstrate professional & ethical responsibilities
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To participate and succeed in competitive exams

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5 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

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SYLLABUS
Learn the working of ARM processor
Understand the Building Blocks of Embedded Systems
Learn the concept of memory map and memory interface

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Know the characteristics of Real Time Systems
Write programs to interface memory, I/Os with processor
Study the interrupt performance
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
GRID COMPUTING LAB

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Use Globus Toolkit or equivalent and do the following:
1. Develop a new Web Service for Calculator.
2. Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service.
3. Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service.
4. Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs

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5. Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus Toolkit.
6. Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it with and without
GRAM concept.

CLOUD COMPUTING LAB

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Use Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent to set up the cloud and demonstrate.
1. Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines
COURSE OBJECTIVES

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6 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

can be utilized at particular time.
2. Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even
after the release of the virtual machine.

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3. Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program.
4. Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other.
5. Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it.
6. Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster.
7. Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE.

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8. Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it.
9. Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits.
? Design and implement applications on the Grid.
? Design and Implement applications on the Cloud.
? Design network objects by applying the networking concepts.

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? Create virtualization concept.
? Design web based applications.
? Apply cloud tools for resource allocation.
? Apply grid tools for network translation.
? Design private cloud using open stack.

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COURSE OUTCOMES

7

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CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
CONTENTS
Sl. No. Name of the Experiment Page No.
CYCLE 1 ? EXPERIMENTS ( GRID COMPUTING)
1

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Develop a new Web Service for Calculator 7
2
Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service 16
3
Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service 19

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4
Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs 22
5
Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus
Toolkit

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25
6
Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it
with and without GRAM concept
27

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CYCLE 2 ? EXPERIMENTS (CLOUD COMPUTING)
1
Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how
many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
34

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2
Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it
holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
36
3 Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program 39

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4
Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to
the other
42
5 Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it 45

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6 Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster 47
7 Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE
ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS
1 Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it 52
2 Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks 55

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8 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO GRID COMPUTING

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GRID TECHNOLOGY

? Flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and
resource
? Grid architecture

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? Defined using services and protocols
? Using the ?sand hourglass? model similar to the TCP/IP protocol stack

"A computational grid is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides dependable, consistent, pervasive and
inexpensive access to high-end computational capabilities."

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Grid computing makes it possible to dynamically share and coordinate dispersed, heterogeneous computing
resources. Flexibility and ubiquity are essential characteristics of Web services technologies such as WSDL (Web
Services Description Language), SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), and UDDI (Universal Description,
Discovery, and Integration).
The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) combines technologies to unlock and exploit grid-attached resources.

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OGSA defines mechanisms to create, manage, and exchange information between Grid Services, a special type of
Web service. The architecture uses WSDL extensively to describe the structure and behavior of a service. Service
descriptions are located and discovered using Web Services Inspection Language (WSIL). By combining elements
from grid computing and Web services technologies, OGSA establishes an extensible and interoperable design and
development framework for Grid Services that includes details for service definition, discovery, and life-cycle

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management.


9 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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GLOBUS TOOLKIT

The Globus Toolkit provides software tools to make it easier to build computational grids and grid-based
applications. The Globus Toolkit is both an open architecture and open source toolkit.

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? The Globus Toolkit is a product of the Globus Alliance (http://www.globus.org)
? It is middleware for developing grids
? The current release is 6.0.
? Four key protocols and APIs

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? Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI)
? Grid Resource Allocation & Mgmt (GRAM)
? Grid Resource Information Protocol (GRIP) and Index Information Protocol (GIIP)
? Grid File Transfer Protocol (GridFTP)
? Implementations on many platforms

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? Resources, security systems, data models,
? Various collective layer protocols & tools
? Info services, replica management, etc.
? A basis for many Grid-enabled tools & apps
FTP, SSH, Condor, SRB, MPI, EDG, GridPort,

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GLOBUS TOOLKIT? COMPONENTS
? Security
? GSI ? Grid Security Infrastructure
? Resource Management
? GRAM ? Grid Resource Allocation Manager

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o globusrun
o RSL
o gatekeeper
o job manager
o DUROC ? Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator

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? Information Services
? MDS ? Monitoring and Discovery Service


10 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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o GRIS ? Grid Resource Information Service
o GIIS ? Grid Index Information Service
o MDS Client
? Data Management

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o GridFTP, GASS
The Globus Toolkit latest version 6.0 includes:
GSI: security
GridFTP: file transfer
GRAM: job execution/resource management

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MyProxy: credential repository/certificate authority
GSI-OpenSSH: GSI secure single sign-on remote shell


11 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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GLOBUS TOOLKIT INSTALLATION PROCEDURE
Step1: For installing Globus Toolkit nothing more easy than download the latest package:
http://toolkit.globus.org/ftppub/gt6/installers/repo/globus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
sudodpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb

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Step2: Update the repositories: sudo apt-get update
Step3: To install Debian or Ubuntu package, download the globus-toolkit-repo package
from the link above and install it with the command:
root@sysa63:/home/#dpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Do the following for Debian-based systems:

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root@sysa63:/home/#apt-get install globus-data-management-client

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12 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 01: DEVELOP A NEW WEB SERVICE FOR CALCULATOR

Aim:
Develop a Web Service for new Calculator
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Our first web service is an extremely simple Math Web Service, which we'll refer to asMathService. It will

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2. allow users to perform the following operations:
a. Addition
b. Subtraction
3. Furthermore, MathService will have the following resource properties (RPs for short):
a. Value (integer)

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b. Last operation performed (string)
4. We will also add a "Get Value" operation to access the Value RP. Once a new resource is created, the
"value" RP is initialized to zero, and the "last operation" RP is initialized to "NONE". The parameter is
added/subtracted to the "value" RP, and the "last operation" RP is changed to "ADDITION" or
"SUBTRACTION" accordingly. Also, the addition and subtraction operations don't return anything.

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5. Writing and deploying a WSRF Web Service is easier than you might think. You just have to follow five
simple steps.
6. Define the service's interface. This is done with WSDL
7. Implement the service. This is done with Java.
8. Define the deployment parameters. This is done with WSDD and JNDI

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9. Compile everything and generate a GAR file. This is done with Ant
10. Deploy service. This is also done with a GT4 tool

Sample Code:

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_instance"
xmlns ="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"
xmlns:tns="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/examples/core/MathService_instance"
xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsrp="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-
ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.xsd" xmlns:wsrpw="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-

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13 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.wsdl"

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xmlns:wsdlpp="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/2004/10/WSDLPreprocessor"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">

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Result:
Thus the program for developing web service for new calculator was successfully executed.

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14 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid by using Web Service for new Calculator
Applications:
To make a calculator in Windows application using web service

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1) What is Web Service?
2) What are the advantages of web services?
3) What are the different types of web services?
4) What is SOAP?
5) What are the advantages of SOAP web services?

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6) What are the disadvantages of SOAP web services?
7) What is WSDL?
8) What is UDDI?
9) What are RESTful web services?
10) What are the advantages of RESTful web services?

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11) What is the difference between SOAP and REST web services?
12) What is SOA service architecture?
13) What tools are used to deploy web services?
14) What is Web Service architecture?
15) What are the advantages of web services in globus toolkit?

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16) What are the different types of web services?
17) What is SOAP web services?
18) What is UDP and TCP?
19) What is stateless SOA?
20) What is data balancing in WSDL?

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Viva-voce


15 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 02: DEVELOP NEW OGSA-COMPLIANT WEB SERVICE

Aim:
To develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid Service using .NET language.
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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1. Developed by the Global Grid Forum
2. Aims to define a common, standard, open architecture for Grid Applications.
3. Defines a set of rules that make up a grid service.
4. Sharing and Coordinated use of diverse resources in Dynamic VO's

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Result:
Thus the program for developing OGSA- Complaint web service was successfully executed.

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16 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid
Service using .NET language
Applications:
? Sharing of information among diverse components of large heterogenous grid systems

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? WAN



1. How would you decide what style of Web Service to use? SOAP WS or REST?

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2. Does the service expose data or business logic?
3. Do consumers and the service providers require a formal contract?
4. Do we need to support multiple data formats?
5. Do we need to make AJAX calls?
6. Is the call synchronous or asynchronous?

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7. What level of security is required?
8. What level of transaction support is required?
9. Do we have limited band width?
10. What tools do you use to test your Web Services?
11. What is the difference between SOA and a Web service?

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12. What is a microservice architecture (aka MSA)?
13. What is data integrity?
14. What is cloud infrastructure?

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Viva-voce


17 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 03: USING APACHE AXIS DEVELOP A GRID SERVICE

Aim:
To develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Creating the New Level in the Package

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2. Edit the Configuration Files
3. Modify the Service Code
4. Modify the Client
5. Compile and Deploy
6. Starting the Container

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7. Compile the Client
8. Run the Client

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18 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:
Addition was successful

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Subtraction was successful
Multiplication was successful
Division was successful
Current value: 20.

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Result:

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Thus the program for Grid Service using Apache Axis was successfully executed.


19 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Applications:

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? To create web service in Java
? To work with Globus Tool kit standards web service


1. What are the different application integration styles?

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2. What is Grid Computing?
3. What is QOS?
4. What are the derivatives of grid computing?
5. What are the features of data grids?
6. What is load balancing?

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7. What is grid infrastructure?
8. Define ? Distributed Computing.
9. Define ? OSGI.
10. Define ? OSGA.
11. What is the use of API?s in cloud services?

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12. What is the difference between cloud and grid?
13. What is data communication?
14. What are the elements of data communication?

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Viva-voce

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20 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 04: DEVELOP APPLICATIONS USING JAVA OR C/C++ GRID
APIS

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Aim:
To develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Import all the necessary java packages and name the file as GridLayoutDemo.java
2. Set up components to preferred size
3. Add buttons to experiment with Grid Layout

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4. Add controls to set up horizontal and vertical gaps
5. Process the Apply gaps button press
6. Create the GUI
7. Create and set up the window,Set up the content pane and Display the Window
8. Schedule a job for the event dispatch thread

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9. Show the application's GUI

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21 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:

Figure 1: Horizontal, Left-to-Right Figure 2: Horizontal, Right-to-Left

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Result:
Thus the program to develop an application in java using Grid APIs was successfully executed.

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22 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Applications:
Used for defining a application programme interface for common distributes computing functionality

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1) Describe the two most important advantages of using Distributed/Grid Computing.
2) What is the main function of DNS?

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3) Briefly outline two applications of Public Key systems.
4) Provide one major difference between synchronous and asynchronous communication.
5) Provide one major difference between ASCII and Unicode encodings.
6) Provide two major differences between sequential computing and parallel computing.
7) Write the any three Grid Applications.

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8) Give the examples of Hardware service provider.
9) Give the example of software application ASP.
10) What are grid portals? Give example.
11) What are the high level services including in existing globus tool kit?
12) Name the components available in Nimrod architecture?

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13) What are the major objectives of Euro grid project?
14) What is the application specific work packages identified for the Euro grid?
15) Define dynamic accounting system.

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Viva-voce

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23 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

EX.NO. 05: DEVELOP SECURED APPLICATIONS USING BASIC
SECURITY MECHANISMS AVAILABLE IN GLOBUS TOOLKIT.
Aim:

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To develop a secured applications using a basic security mechanisms available in Globus toolkit
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
The Globus Toolkit incorporates multiple security components that establish the identity of users or services
(authentication), protect communications, and determine who is allowed to perform what actions (authorization), as
well as manage user credentials.
? GSI C: The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and

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certificate management.
? MyProxy: MyProxy is open source software for managing X.509 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) security
credentials (certificates and private keys).
? GSI-OpenSSH: GSI-OpenSSH is a modified version of OpenSSH that adds support for X.509 proxy
certificate authentication and delegation, providing a single sign-on remote login and file transfer service.

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The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and certificate
management. The authentication API is built using Public KeyInfrastructure (PKI) technologies, e.g. X.509
Certificates and TLS. In addition to authentication it features a delegation mechanism based upon X.509 Proxy
Certificates. Authorization support takes the form of a couple of APIs. The first provides a generic authorization API
that allows callouts to perform access control based on the client's credentials (i.e. the X.509 certificate chain). The

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second provides a simple access control list that maps authorized remote entities to local (system) user names. The
second mechanism also provides callouts that allow third parties to override the default behavior and is currently
used in the Gatekeeper and GridFTP servers. In addition to the above there are various lower level APIs and tools
for managing, discovering and querying certificates.
Components for Grid Security

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1. Basic Security Mechanisms
2. Components for Credential Generation
3. Components for Credential Management

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24 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Beyond verifying the identities of users and services, basic Grid security mechanisms leave access control decisions
to services. The Grid community has developed authorization and access control tools for storing and providing
access to system-wide authorization information and for creating a central data store for supporting decentralized

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control mechanisms.
Basic Security Mechanisms
? Pre-Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A non-Web services implementation of the Grid
Security Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI
mechanisms

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? Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A Web services implementation of the Grid Security
Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI mechanisms

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Result:
Thus the program to develop a security application available in Globus toolkit was successfully executed.
Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a secured applications using a basic security
mechanisms available in Globus toolkit

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25 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Applications:

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To provide easy acces to best breed open source network security


1. What are the collective services available in grid computing?
2. What are the basic principles of autonomous computing?

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3. What are the four essential characteristics of on demand business?
4. What are the essential capabilities provided by on demand business?
5. What are the two most important technologies for building semantic webs?
6. Define Peer to Peer computing?
7. What is the combination of Globus GT3 toolkit?

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8. What is a GT3 core?
9. What are the components available in service model?
10. Define WS-Trust
11. Define WS ?Federation
12. Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?

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13. Who are the actors in CDC?
14. Mention the scenarios in CDC?
15. What are the functional requirements of CDC on OGSA?

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Viva-voce

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26 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 06: DEVELOP A GRID PORTAL, WHERE USER CAN SUBMIT
A JOB AND GET THE RESULT, IMPLEMENT IT WITH AND WITHOUT
GRAM CONCEPT.

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Aim:
To develop a Grid portal and implement it with and without GRAM concept
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos

Procedure:
Multiple times that the likely user interface to grid applications will be through portals, specifically Web portals. A grid
portal may be constructed as a Web page interface to provide easy access to grid applications. The Web user

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interface provides user authentication, job submission, job monitoring, and results of the job.
Globus Resource Allocation Manager (GRAM)
When a job is submitted by a client, the request is sent to the remote host and handled by a gatekeeper daemon.
The gatekeeper creates a job manager to start and monitor the job. When the job is finished, the job manager
sends the status information back to the client and terminates.

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The GRAM subsystem consists of the following elements:
? The globusrun command and associated APIs Resource Specification Language (RSL)
? The gatekeeper daemon The job manager Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator (DUROC)
Each of these elements are described briefly below.
The globusrun command

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The globusrun command (or its equivalent API) submits a job to a resource within the grid. This command
is typically passed an RSL string (see below) that specifies parameters and other properties required to successfully
launch and run the job

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27 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Resource Specification Language (RSL)
RSL is a language used by clients to specify the job to be run. All job submission requests are described in an RSL
string that includes information such as the executable file; its parameters; information about redirection of stdin,

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stdout, and stderr; and so on. Basically it provides a standard way of specifying all of the information required to
execute a job, independent of the target environment. It is then the responsibility of the job manager on the target
system to parse the information and launch the job in the appropriate way.
The syntax of RSL is very straightforward. Each statement is enclosed within parenthesis. Comments are
designated with parenthesis and asterisks, for example, (* this is a comment *). Supported attributes include the

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following:
rsl_substitution: Defines variables
executable: The script or command to be run
arguments: Information or flags to be passed to the executable
stdin: Specifies the remote URL and local file used for the executable stdout: Specifies the remote file to place

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standard output from the job stderr: Specifies the remote file to place standard error from the job queue: Specifies the
queue to submit the job (requires a scheduler) count: Specifies the number of executions
directory: Specifies the directory to run the job
project: Specifies a project account for the job (requires a scheduler) dryRun: Verifies the RSL string but
does not run the job

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maxMemory: Specifies the maximum amount of memory in MBs required for the job
minMemory: Specifies the minimum amount of memory in MBs required for the job
hostCount: Specifies the number of nodes in a cluster required for the job environment: Specifies environment
variables that are required for the job
jobType: Specifies the type of job single process, multi-process, mpi, or condor

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maxTime: Specifies the maximum execution wall or cpu time for one execution
maxWallTime: Specifies the maximum walltime for one execution maxCpuTime: Specifies the maximum
cpu time for one execution
gramMyjob: Specifies the whether the gram myjob interface starts one process/thread (independent) or more
(collective)

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FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice


0 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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College o f Engineering
?

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DEPARTMENT OF
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
VII SEMESTER - R 2013

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Name : ______________________________________
Reg. No. : ______________________________________

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Section : ______________________________________
LABORATORY MANUAL


1 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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DHANALAKSHMI


is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and enterprising

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professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and training.


? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic Excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at different levels

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? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart and
soul

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

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To strive for acquiring, applying and imparting knowledge in Computer Science and Engineering through quality
education and to provide enthusiastic professionals with commitment


? To produce highly competent and globally employable engineers in the field of Computer Science and

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Engineering
? To inculcate human values among the student community and make them realize their commitment to the society
? To exhibit excellence in pursuit of research and innovative products with a zeal to serve the society

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VISION
VISION
MISSION
MISSION

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2 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)
1. Fundamentals

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To provide students with a solid foundation in Mathematics, Science and fundamentals of engineering, enabling
them to apply, to find solutions for engineering problems and use this knowledge to acquire higher education
2. Core Competence
To train the students in Computer science and engineering technologies so that they apply their knowledge and
training to compare, and to analyze various engineering industrial problems to find solutions

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3. Breadth
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice this enables them to
find solutions for the real time problems in industry, and to design products
4. Professionalism
To inculcate professional and effective communication skills, leadership qualities and team spirit in the students

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to make them multi-faceted personalities and develop their ability to relate engineering issues to broader social
context
5. Lifelong Learning/Ethics
To demonstrate and practice ethical and professional responsibilities in the industry and society in the large,
through commitment and lifelong learning needed for successful professional career

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4

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PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)
a) To demonstrate and apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Electronics and Communication Engineering field
b) To design a component, a system or a process to meet the specific needs within the realistic constraints

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such as economics, environment, ethics, health, safety and manufacturability
c) To demonstrate the competency to use software tools for computation, simulation and testing of electronics and
communication engineering circuits
d) To identify, formulate and solve electronic and communication engineering problems
e) To demonstrate an ability to visualize and work on laboratory and multidisciplinary tasks

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f) To function as a member or a leader in multidisciplinary activities
g) To communicate in verbal and written form with fellow engineers and society at large
h) To understand the impact of Electronics and Communication Engineering in the society and demonstrate awareness
of contemporary issues and commitment to give solutions exhibiting social responsibility
i) To demonstrate professional & ethical responsibilities

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j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To participate and succeed in competitive exams

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5 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

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SYLLABUS
Learn the working of ARM processor
Understand the Building Blocks of Embedded Systems
Learn the concept of memory map and memory interface
Know the characteristics of Real Time Systems

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Write programs to interface memory, I/Os with processor
Study the interrupt performance
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
GRID COMPUTING LAB
Use Globus Toolkit or equivalent and do the following:

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1. Develop a new Web Service for Calculator.
2. Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service.
3. Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service.
4. Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs
5. Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus Toolkit.

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6. Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it with and without
GRAM concept.

CLOUD COMPUTING LAB
Use Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent to set up the cloud and demonstrate.

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1. Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines
COURSE OBJECTIVES


6 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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can be utilized at particular time.
2. Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even
after the release of the virtual machine.
3. Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program.

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4. Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other.
5. Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it.
6. Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster.
7. Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE.
8. Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it.

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9. Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits.
? Design and implement applications on the Grid.
? Design and Implement applications on the Cloud.
? Design network objects by applying the networking concepts.
? Create virtualization concept.

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? Design web based applications.
? Apply cloud tools for resource allocation.
? Apply grid tools for network translation.
? Design private cloud using open stack.
COURSE OUTCOMES

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7


CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

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CONTENTS
Sl. No. Name of the Experiment Page No.
CYCLE 1 ? EXPERIMENTS ( GRID COMPUTING)
1
Develop a new Web Service for Calculator 7

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2
Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service 16
3
Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service 19
4

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Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs 22
5
Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus
Toolkit
25

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6
Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it
with and without GRAM concept
27
CYCLE 2 ? EXPERIMENTS (CLOUD COMPUTING)

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1
Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how
many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
34
2

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Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it
holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
36
3 Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program 39
4

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Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to
the other
42
5 Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it 45
6 Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster 47

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7 Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE
ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS
1 Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it 52
2 Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks 55

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8 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO GRID COMPUTING


GRID TECHNOLOGY

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? Flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and
resource
? Grid architecture
? Defined using services and protocols

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? Using the ?sand hourglass? model similar to the TCP/IP protocol stack

"A computational grid is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides dependable, consistent, pervasive and
inexpensive access to high-end computational capabilities."
Grid computing makes it possible to dynamically share and coordinate dispersed, heterogeneous computing

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resources. Flexibility and ubiquity are essential characteristics of Web services technologies such as WSDL (Web
Services Description Language), SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), and UDDI (Universal Description,
Discovery, and Integration).
The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) combines technologies to unlock and exploit grid-attached resources.
OGSA defines mechanisms to create, manage, and exchange information between Grid Services, a special type of

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Web service. The architecture uses WSDL extensively to describe the structure and behavior of a service. Service
descriptions are located and discovered using Web Services Inspection Language (WSIL). By combining elements
from grid computing and Web services technologies, OGSA establishes an extensible and interoperable design and
development framework for Grid Services that includes details for service definition, discovery, and life-cycle
management.

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9 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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GLOBUS TOOLKIT

The Globus Toolkit provides software tools to make it easier to build computational grids and grid-based
applications. The Globus Toolkit is both an open architecture and open source toolkit.

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? The Globus Toolkit is a product of the Globus Alliance (http://www.globus.org)
? It is middleware for developing grids
? The current release is 6.0.
? Four key protocols and APIs
? Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI)

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? Grid Resource Allocation & Mgmt (GRAM)
? Grid Resource Information Protocol (GRIP) and Index Information Protocol (GIIP)
? Grid File Transfer Protocol (GridFTP)
? Implementations on many platforms
? Resources, security systems, data models,

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? Various collective layer protocols & tools
? Info services, replica management, etc.
? A basis for many Grid-enabled tools & apps
FTP, SSH, Condor, SRB, MPI, EDG, GridPort,
GLOBUS TOOLKIT? COMPONENTS

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? Security
? GSI ? Grid Security Infrastructure
? Resource Management
? GRAM ? Grid Resource Allocation Manager
o globusrun

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o RSL
o gatekeeper
o job manager
o DUROC ? Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator
? Information Services

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? MDS ? Monitoring and Discovery Service


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o GRIS ? Grid Resource Information Service
o GIIS ? Grid Index Information Service
o MDS Client
? Data Management
o GridFTP, GASS

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The Globus Toolkit latest version 6.0 includes:
GSI: security
GridFTP: file transfer
GRAM: job execution/resource management
MyProxy: credential repository/certificate authority

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GSI-OpenSSH: GSI secure single sign-on remote shell


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GLOBUS TOOLKIT INSTALLATION PROCEDURE
Step1: For installing Globus Toolkit nothing more easy than download the latest package:
http://toolkit.globus.org/ftppub/gt6/installers/repo/globus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
sudodpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Step2: Update the repositories: sudo apt-get update

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Step3: To install Debian or Ubuntu package, download the globus-toolkit-repo package
from the link above and install it with the command:
root@sysa63:/home/#dpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Do the following for Debian-based systems:
root@sysa63:/home/#apt-get install globus-data-management-client

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12 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 01: DEVELOP A NEW WEB SERVICE FOR CALCULATOR

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Aim:
Develop a Web Service for new Calculator
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Our first web service is an extremely simple Math Web Service, which we'll refer to asMathService. It will
2. allow users to perform the following operations:

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a. Addition
b. Subtraction
3. Furthermore, MathService will have the following resource properties (RPs for short):
a. Value (integer)
b. Last operation performed (string)

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4. We will also add a "Get Value" operation to access the Value RP. Once a new resource is created, the
"value" RP is initialized to zero, and the "last operation" RP is initialized to "NONE". The parameter is
added/subtracted to the "value" RP, and the "last operation" RP is changed to "ADDITION" or
"SUBTRACTION" accordingly. Also, the addition and subtraction operations don't return anything.
5. Writing and deploying a WSRF Web Service is easier than you might think. You just have to follow five

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simple steps.
6. Define the service's interface. This is done with WSDL
7. Implement the service. This is done with Java.
8. Define the deployment parameters. This is done with WSDD and JNDI
9. Compile everything and generate a GAR file. This is done with Ant

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10. Deploy service. This is also done with a GT4 tool

Sample Code:

_instance"

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xmlns ="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"
xmlns:tns="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/examples/core/MathService_instance"
xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsrp="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-
ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.xsd" xmlns:wsrpw="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-

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13 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.wsdl"
xmlns:wsdlpp="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/2004/10/WSDLPreprocessor"

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xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">

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Result:

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Thus the program for developing web service for new calculator was successfully executed.



14 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid by using Web Service for new Calculator

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Applications:
To make a calculator in Windows application using web service


1) What is Web Service?

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2) What are the advantages of web services?
3) What are the different types of web services?
4) What is SOAP?
5) What are the advantages of SOAP web services?
6) What are the disadvantages of SOAP web services?

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7) What is WSDL?
8) What is UDDI?
9) What are RESTful web services?
10) What are the advantages of RESTful web services?
11) What is the difference between SOAP and REST web services?

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12) What is SOA service architecture?
13) What tools are used to deploy web services?
14) What is Web Service architecture?
15) What are the advantages of web services in globus toolkit?
16) What are the different types of web services?

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17) What is SOAP web services?
18) What is UDP and TCP?
19) What is stateless SOA?
20) What is data balancing in WSDL?
Viva-voce

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15 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 02: DEVELOP NEW OGSA-COMPLIANT WEB SERVICE

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Aim:
To develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid Service using .NET language.
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

1. Developed by the Global Grid Forum

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2. Aims to define a common, standard, open architecture for Grid Applications.
3. Defines a set of rules that make up a grid service.
4. Sharing and Coordinated use of diverse resources in Dynamic VO's

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Result:
Thus the program for developing OGSA- Complaint web service was successfully executed.

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16 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid
Service using .NET language
Applications:
? Sharing of information among diverse components of large heterogenous grid systems
? WAN

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1. How would you decide what style of Web Service to use? SOAP WS or REST?
2. Does the service expose data or business logic?

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3. Do consumers and the service providers require a formal contract?
4. Do we need to support multiple data formats?
5. Do we need to make AJAX calls?
6. Is the call synchronous or asynchronous?
7. What level of security is required?

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8. What level of transaction support is required?
9. Do we have limited band width?
10. What tools do you use to test your Web Services?
11. What is the difference between SOA and a Web service?
12. What is a microservice architecture (aka MSA)?

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13. What is data integrity?
14. What is cloud infrastructure?


Viva-voce

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17 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 03: USING APACHE AXIS DEVELOP A GRID SERVICE

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Aim:
To develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Creating the New Level in the Package
2. Edit the Configuration Files

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3. Modify the Service Code
4. Modify the Client
5. Compile and Deploy
6. Starting the Container
7. Compile the Client

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8. Run the Client

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18 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:
Addition was successful
Subtraction was successful

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Multiplication was successful
Division was successful
Current value: 20.

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Result:
Thus the program for Grid Service using Apache Axis was successfully executed.

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19 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Applications:
? To create web service in Java

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? To work with Globus Tool kit standards web service


1. What are the different application integration styles?
2. What is Grid Computing?

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3. What is QOS?
4. What are the derivatives of grid computing?
5. What are the features of data grids?
6. What is load balancing?
7. What is grid infrastructure?

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8. Define ? Distributed Computing.
9. Define ? OSGI.
10. Define ? OSGA.
11. What is the use of API?s in cloud services?
12. What is the difference between cloud and grid?

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13. What is data communication?
14. What are the elements of data communication?

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Viva-voce

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20 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 04: DEVELOP APPLICATIONS USING JAVA OR C/C++ GRID
APIS
Aim:

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To develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
1. Import all the necessary java packages and name the file as GridLayoutDemo.java
2. Set up components to preferred size
3. Add buttons to experiment with Grid Layout
4. Add controls to set up horizontal and vertical gaps

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5. Process the Apply gaps button press
6. Create the GUI
7. Create and set up the window,Set up the content pane and Display the Window
8. Schedule a job for the event dispatch thread
9. Show the application's GUI

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21 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00



Sample Output:

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Figure 1: Horizontal, Left-to-Right Figure 2: Horizontal, Right-to-Left

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Result:
Thus the program to develop an application in java using Grid APIs was successfully executed.

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22 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Applications:
Used for defining a application programme interface for common distributes computing functionality

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1) Describe the two most important advantages of using Distributed/Grid Computing.
2) What is the main function of DNS?
3) Briefly outline two applications of Public Key systems.

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4) Provide one major difference between synchronous and asynchronous communication.
5) Provide one major difference between ASCII and Unicode encodings.
6) Provide two major differences between sequential computing and parallel computing.
7) Write the any three Grid Applications.
8) Give the examples of Hardware service provider.

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9) Give the example of software application ASP.
10) What are grid portals? Give example.
11) What are the high level services including in existing globus tool kit?
12) Name the components available in Nimrod architecture?
13) What are the major objectives of Euro grid project?

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14) What is the application specific work packages identified for the Euro grid?
15) Define dynamic accounting system.

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Viva-voce


23 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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EX.NO. 05: DEVELOP SECURED APPLICATIONS USING BASIC
SECURITY MECHANISMS AVAILABLE IN GLOBUS TOOLKIT.
Aim:
To develop a secured applications using a basic security mechanisms available in Globus toolkit

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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The Globus Toolkit incorporates multiple security components that establish the identity of users or services
(authentication), protect communications, and determine who is allowed to perform what actions (authorization), as
well as manage user credentials.
? GSI C: The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and
certificate management.

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? MyProxy: MyProxy is open source software for managing X.509 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) security
credentials (certificates and private keys).
? GSI-OpenSSH: GSI-OpenSSH is a modified version of OpenSSH that adds support for X.509 proxy
certificate authentication and delegation, providing a single sign-on remote login and file transfer service.
The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and certificate

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management. The authentication API is built using Public KeyInfrastructure (PKI) technologies, e.g. X.509
Certificates and TLS. In addition to authentication it features a delegation mechanism based upon X.509 Proxy
Certificates. Authorization support takes the form of a couple of APIs. The first provides a generic authorization API
that allows callouts to perform access control based on the client's credentials (i.e. the X.509 certificate chain). The
second provides a simple access control list that maps authorized remote entities to local (system) user names. The

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second mechanism also provides callouts that allow third parties to override the default behavior and is currently
used in the Gatekeeper and GridFTP servers. In addition to the above there are various lower level APIs and tools
for managing, discovering and querying certificates.
Components for Grid Security
1. Basic Security Mechanisms

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2. Components for Credential Generation
3. Components for Credential Management


24 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Beyond verifying the identities of users and services, basic Grid security mechanisms leave access control decisions
to services. The Grid community has developed authorization and access control tools for storing and providing
access to system-wide authorization information and for creating a central data store for supporting decentralized
control mechanisms.

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Basic Security Mechanisms
? Pre-Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A non-Web services implementation of the Grid
Security Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI
mechanisms
? Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A Web services implementation of the Grid Security

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Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI mechanisms

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Result:
Thus the program to develop a security application available in Globus toolkit was successfully executed.
Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a secured applications using a basic security
mechanisms available in Globus toolkit

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25 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Applications:
To provide easy acces to best breed open source network security

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1. What are the collective services available in grid computing?
2. What are the basic principles of autonomous computing?
3. What are the four essential characteristics of on demand business?

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4. What are the essential capabilities provided by on demand business?
5. What are the two most important technologies for building semantic webs?
6. Define Peer to Peer computing?
7. What is the combination of Globus GT3 toolkit?
8. What is a GT3 core?

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9. What are the components available in service model?
10. Define WS-Trust
11. Define WS ?Federation
12. Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
13. Who are the actors in CDC?

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14. Mention the scenarios in CDC?
15. What are the functional requirements of CDC on OGSA?

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Viva-voce


26 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 06: DEVELOP A GRID PORTAL, WHERE USER CAN SUBMIT
A JOB AND GET THE RESULT, IMPLEMENT IT WITH AND WITHOUT
GRAM CONCEPT.
Aim:

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To develop a Grid portal and implement it with and without GRAM concept
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
Multiple times that the likely user interface to grid applications will be through portals, specifically Web portals. A grid
portal may be constructed as a Web page interface to provide easy access to grid applications. The Web user
interface provides user authentication, job submission, job monitoring, and results of the job.

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Globus Resource Allocation Manager (GRAM)
When a job is submitted by a client, the request is sent to the remote host and handled by a gatekeeper daemon.
The gatekeeper creates a job manager to start and monitor the job. When the job is finished, the job manager
sends the status information back to the client and terminates.
The GRAM subsystem consists of the following elements:

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? The globusrun command and associated APIs Resource Specification Language (RSL)
? The gatekeeper daemon The job manager Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator (DUROC)
Each of these elements are described briefly below.
The globusrun command
The globusrun command (or its equivalent API) submits a job to a resource within the grid. This command

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is typically passed an RSL string (see below) that specifies parameters and other properties required to successfully
launch and run the job


27 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Resource Specification Language (RSL)
RSL is a language used by clients to specify the job to be run. All job submission requests are described in an RSL
string that includes information such as the executable file; its parameters; information about redirection of stdin,
stdout, and stderr; and so on. Basically it provides a standard way of specifying all of the information required to

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execute a job, independent of the target environment. It is then the responsibility of the job manager on the target
system to parse the information and launch the job in the appropriate way.
The syntax of RSL is very straightforward. Each statement is enclosed within parenthesis. Comments are
designated with parenthesis and asterisks, for example, (* this is a comment *). Supported attributes include the
following:

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rsl_substitution: Defines variables
executable: The script or command to be run
arguments: Information or flags to be passed to the executable
stdin: Specifies the remote URL and local file used for the executable stdout: Specifies the remote file to place
standard output from the job stderr: Specifies the remote file to place standard error from the job queue: Specifies the

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queue to submit the job (requires a scheduler) count: Specifies the number of executions
directory: Specifies the directory to run the job
project: Specifies a project account for the job (requires a scheduler) dryRun: Verifies the RSL string but
does not run the job
maxMemory: Specifies the maximum amount of memory in MBs required for the job

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minMemory: Specifies the minimum amount of memory in MBs required for the job
hostCount: Specifies the number of nodes in a cluster required for the job environment: Specifies environment
variables that are required for the job
jobType: Specifies the type of job single process, multi-process, mpi, or condor
maxTime: Specifies the maximum execution wall or cpu time for one execution

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maxWallTime: Specifies the maximum walltime for one execution maxCpuTime: Specifies the maximum
cpu time for one execution
gramMyjob: Specifies the whether the gram myjob interface starts one process/thread (independent) or more
(collective)

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28 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to develop Grid Portal was successfully executed.

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FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice


0 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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College o f Engineering
?

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DEPARTMENT OF
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
VII SEMESTER - R 2013

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Name : ______________________________________
Reg. No. : ______________________________________

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Section : ______________________________________
LABORATORY MANUAL


1 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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DHANALAKSHMI


is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and enterprising

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professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and training.


? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic Excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at different levels

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? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart and
soul

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

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To strive for acquiring, applying and imparting knowledge in Computer Science and Engineering through quality
education and to provide enthusiastic professionals with commitment


? To produce highly competent and globally employable engineers in the field of Computer Science and

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Engineering
? To inculcate human values among the student community and make them realize their commitment to the society
? To exhibit excellence in pursuit of research and innovative products with a zeal to serve the society

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VISION
VISION
MISSION
MISSION

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2 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)
1. Fundamentals

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To provide students with a solid foundation in Mathematics, Science and fundamentals of engineering, enabling
them to apply, to find solutions for engineering problems and use this knowledge to acquire higher education
2. Core Competence
To train the students in Computer science and engineering technologies so that they apply their knowledge and
training to compare, and to analyze various engineering industrial problems to find solutions

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3. Breadth
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice this enables them to
find solutions for the real time problems in industry, and to design products
4. Professionalism
To inculcate professional and effective communication skills, leadership qualities and team spirit in the students

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to make them multi-faceted personalities and develop their ability to relate engineering issues to broader social
context
5. Lifelong Learning/Ethics
To demonstrate and practice ethical and professional responsibilities in the industry and society in the large,
through commitment and lifelong learning needed for successful professional career

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4

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PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)
a) To demonstrate and apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Electronics and Communication Engineering field
b) To design a component, a system or a process to meet the specific needs within the realistic constraints

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such as economics, environment, ethics, health, safety and manufacturability
c) To demonstrate the competency to use software tools for computation, simulation and testing of electronics and
communication engineering circuits
d) To identify, formulate and solve electronic and communication engineering problems
e) To demonstrate an ability to visualize and work on laboratory and multidisciplinary tasks

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f) To function as a member or a leader in multidisciplinary activities
g) To communicate in verbal and written form with fellow engineers and society at large
h) To understand the impact of Electronics and Communication Engineering in the society and demonstrate awareness
of contemporary issues and commitment to give solutions exhibiting social responsibility
i) To demonstrate professional & ethical responsibilities

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j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To participate and succeed in competitive exams

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5 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

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SYLLABUS
Learn the working of ARM processor
Understand the Building Blocks of Embedded Systems
Learn the concept of memory map and memory interface
Know the characteristics of Real Time Systems

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Write programs to interface memory, I/Os with processor
Study the interrupt performance
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
GRID COMPUTING LAB
Use Globus Toolkit or equivalent and do the following:

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1. Develop a new Web Service for Calculator.
2. Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service.
3. Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service.
4. Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs
5. Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus Toolkit.

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6. Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it with and without
GRAM concept.

CLOUD COMPUTING LAB
Use Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent to set up the cloud and demonstrate.

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1. Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines
COURSE OBJECTIVES


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can be utilized at particular time.
2. Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even
after the release of the virtual machine.
3. Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program.

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4. Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other.
5. Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it.
6. Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster.
7. Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE.
8. Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it.

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9. Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits.
? Design and implement applications on the Grid.
? Design and Implement applications on the Cloud.
? Design network objects by applying the networking concepts.
? Create virtualization concept.

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? Design web based applications.
? Apply cloud tools for resource allocation.
? Apply grid tools for network translation.
? Design private cloud using open stack.
COURSE OUTCOMES

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7


CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

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CONTENTS
Sl. No. Name of the Experiment Page No.
CYCLE 1 ? EXPERIMENTS ( GRID COMPUTING)
1
Develop a new Web Service for Calculator 7

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2
Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service 16
3
Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service 19
4

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Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs 22
5
Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus
Toolkit
25

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6
Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it
with and without GRAM concept
27
CYCLE 2 ? EXPERIMENTS (CLOUD COMPUTING)

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1
Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how
many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
34
2

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Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it
holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
36
3 Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program 39
4

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Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to
the other
42
5 Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it 45
6 Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster 47

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7 Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE
ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS
1 Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it 52
2 Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks 55

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8 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO GRID COMPUTING


GRID TECHNOLOGY

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? Flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and
resource
? Grid architecture
? Defined using services and protocols

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? Using the ?sand hourglass? model similar to the TCP/IP protocol stack

"A computational grid is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides dependable, consistent, pervasive and
inexpensive access to high-end computational capabilities."
Grid computing makes it possible to dynamically share and coordinate dispersed, heterogeneous computing

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resources. Flexibility and ubiquity are essential characteristics of Web services technologies such as WSDL (Web
Services Description Language), SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), and UDDI (Universal Description,
Discovery, and Integration).
The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) combines technologies to unlock and exploit grid-attached resources.
OGSA defines mechanisms to create, manage, and exchange information between Grid Services, a special type of

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Web service. The architecture uses WSDL extensively to describe the structure and behavior of a service. Service
descriptions are located and discovered using Web Services Inspection Language (WSIL). By combining elements
from grid computing and Web services technologies, OGSA establishes an extensible and interoperable design and
development framework for Grid Services that includes details for service definition, discovery, and life-cycle
management.

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9 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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GLOBUS TOOLKIT

The Globus Toolkit provides software tools to make it easier to build computational grids and grid-based
applications. The Globus Toolkit is both an open architecture and open source toolkit.

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? The Globus Toolkit is a product of the Globus Alliance (http://www.globus.org)
? It is middleware for developing grids
? The current release is 6.0.
? Four key protocols and APIs
? Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI)

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? Grid Resource Allocation & Mgmt (GRAM)
? Grid Resource Information Protocol (GRIP) and Index Information Protocol (GIIP)
? Grid File Transfer Protocol (GridFTP)
? Implementations on many platforms
? Resources, security systems, data models,

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? Various collective layer protocols & tools
? Info services, replica management, etc.
? A basis for many Grid-enabled tools & apps
FTP, SSH, Condor, SRB, MPI, EDG, GridPort,
GLOBUS TOOLKIT? COMPONENTS

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? Security
? GSI ? Grid Security Infrastructure
? Resource Management
? GRAM ? Grid Resource Allocation Manager
o globusrun

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o RSL
o gatekeeper
o job manager
o DUROC ? Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator
? Information Services

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? MDS ? Monitoring and Discovery Service


10 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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o GRIS ? Grid Resource Information Service
o GIIS ? Grid Index Information Service
o MDS Client
? Data Management
o GridFTP, GASS

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The Globus Toolkit latest version 6.0 includes:
GSI: security
GridFTP: file transfer
GRAM: job execution/resource management
MyProxy: credential repository/certificate authority

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GSI-OpenSSH: GSI secure single sign-on remote shell


11 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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GLOBUS TOOLKIT INSTALLATION PROCEDURE
Step1: For installing Globus Toolkit nothing more easy than download the latest package:
http://toolkit.globus.org/ftppub/gt6/installers/repo/globus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
sudodpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Step2: Update the repositories: sudo apt-get update

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Step3: To install Debian or Ubuntu package, download the globus-toolkit-repo package
from the link above and install it with the command:
root@sysa63:/home/#dpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Do the following for Debian-based systems:
root@sysa63:/home/#apt-get install globus-data-management-client

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12 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 01: DEVELOP A NEW WEB SERVICE FOR CALCULATOR

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Aim:
Develop a Web Service for new Calculator
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Our first web service is an extremely simple Math Web Service, which we'll refer to asMathService. It will
2. allow users to perform the following operations:

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a. Addition
b. Subtraction
3. Furthermore, MathService will have the following resource properties (RPs for short):
a. Value (integer)
b. Last operation performed (string)

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4. We will also add a "Get Value" operation to access the Value RP. Once a new resource is created, the
"value" RP is initialized to zero, and the "last operation" RP is initialized to "NONE". The parameter is
added/subtracted to the "value" RP, and the "last operation" RP is changed to "ADDITION" or
"SUBTRACTION" accordingly. Also, the addition and subtraction operations don't return anything.
5. Writing and deploying a WSRF Web Service is easier than you might think. You just have to follow five

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simple steps.
6. Define the service's interface. This is done with WSDL
7. Implement the service. This is done with Java.
8. Define the deployment parameters. This is done with WSDD and JNDI
9. Compile everything and generate a GAR file. This is done with Ant

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10. Deploy service. This is also done with a GT4 tool

Sample Code:

_instance"

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xmlns ="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"
xmlns:tns="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/examples/core/MathService_instance"
xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsrp="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-
ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.xsd" xmlns:wsrpw="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-

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13 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.wsdl"
xmlns:wsdlpp="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/2004/10/WSDLPreprocessor"

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xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">

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Result:

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Thus the program for developing web service for new calculator was successfully executed.



14 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid by using Web Service for new Calculator

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Applications:
To make a calculator in Windows application using web service


1) What is Web Service?

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2) What are the advantages of web services?
3) What are the different types of web services?
4) What is SOAP?
5) What are the advantages of SOAP web services?
6) What are the disadvantages of SOAP web services?

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7) What is WSDL?
8) What is UDDI?
9) What are RESTful web services?
10) What are the advantages of RESTful web services?
11) What is the difference between SOAP and REST web services?

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12) What is SOA service architecture?
13) What tools are used to deploy web services?
14) What is Web Service architecture?
15) What are the advantages of web services in globus toolkit?
16) What are the different types of web services?

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17) What is SOAP web services?
18) What is UDP and TCP?
19) What is stateless SOA?
20) What is data balancing in WSDL?
Viva-voce

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15 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 02: DEVELOP NEW OGSA-COMPLIANT WEB SERVICE

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Aim:
To develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid Service using .NET language.
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

1. Developed by the Global Grid Forum

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2. Aims to define a common, standard, open architecture for Grid Applications.
3. Defines a set of rules that make up a grid service.
4. Sharing and Coordinated use of diverse resources in Dynamic VO's

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Result:
Thus the program for developing OGSA- Complaint web service was successfully executed.

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16 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid
Service using .NET language
Applications:
? Sharing of information among diverse components of large heterogenous grid systems
? WAN

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1. How would you decide what style of Web Service to use? SOAP WS or REST?
2. Does the service expose data or business logic?

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3. Do consumers and the service providers require a formal contract?
4. Do we need to support multiple data formats?
5. Do we need to make AJAX calls?
6. Is the call synchronous or asynchronous?
7. What level of security is required?

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8. What level of transaction support is required?
9. Do we have limited band width?
10. What tools do you use to test your Web Services?
11. What is the difference between SOA and a Web service?
12. What is a microservice architecture (aka MSA)?

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13. What is data integrity?
14. What is cloud infrastructure?


Viva-voce

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17 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 03: USING APACHE AXIS DEVELOP A GRID SERVICE

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Aim:
To develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Creating the New Level in the Package
2. Edit the Configuration Files

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3. Modify the Service Code
4. Modify the Client
5. Compile and Deploy
6. Starting the Container
7. Compile the Client

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8. Run the Client

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18 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:
Addition was successful
Subtraction was successful

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Multiplication was successful
Division was successful
Current value: 20.

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Result:
Thus the program for Grid Service using Apache Axis was successfully executed.

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19 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Applications:
? To create web service in Java

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? To work with Globus Tool kit standards web service


1. What are the different application integration styles?
2. What is Grid Computing?

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3. What is QOS?
4. What are the derivatives of grid computing?
5. What are the features of data grids?
6. What is load balancing?
7. What is grid infrastructure?

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8. Define ? Distributed Computing.
9. Define ? OSGI.
10. Define ? OSGA.
11. What is the use of API?s in cloud services?
12. What is the difference between cloud and grid?

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13. What is data communication?
14. What are the elements of data communication?

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Viva-voce

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20 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 04: DEVELOP APPLICATIONS USING JAVA OR C/C++ GRID
APIS
Aim:

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To develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
1. Import all the necessary java packages and name the file as GridLayoutDemo.java
2. Set up components to preferred size
3. Add buttons to experiment with Grid Layout
4. Add controls to set up horizontal and vertical gaps

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5. Process the Apply gaps button press
6. Create the GUI
7. Create and set up the window,Set up the content pane and Display the Window
8. Schedule a job for the event dispatch thread
9. Show the application's GUI

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21 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00



Sample Output:

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Figure 1: Horizontal, Left-to-Right Figure 2: Horizontal, Right-to-Left

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Result:
Thus the program to develop an application in java using Grid APIs was successfully executed.

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22 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Applications:
Used for defining a application programme interface for common distributes computing functionality

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1) Describe the two most important advantages of using Distributed/Grid Computing.
2) What is the main function of DNS?
3) Briefly outline two applications of Public Key systems.

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4) Provide one major difference between synchronous and asynchronous communication.
5) Provide one major difference between ASCII and Unicode encodings.
6) Provide two major differences between sequential computing and parallel computing.
7) Write the any three Grid Applications.
8) Give the examples of Hardware service provider.

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9) Give the example of software application ASP.
10) What are grid portals? Give example.
11) What are the high level services including in existing globus tool kit?
12) Name the components available in Nimrod architecture?
13) What are the major objectives of Euro grid project?

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14) What is the application specific work packages identified for the Euro grid?
15) Define dynamic accounting system.

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Viva-voce


23 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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EX.NO. 05: DEVELOP SECURED APPLICATIONS USING BASIC
SECURITY MECHANISMS AVAILABLE IN GLOBUS TOOLKIT.
Aim:
To develop a secured applications using a basic security mechanisms available in Globus toolkit

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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The Globus Toolkit incorporates multiple security components that establish the identity of users or services
(authentication), protect communications, and determine who is allowed to perform what actions (authorization), as
well as manage user credentials.
? GSI C: The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and
certificate management.

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? MyProxy: MyProxy is open source software for managing X.509 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) security
credentials (certificates and private keys).
? GSI-OpenSSH: GSI-OpenSSH is a modified version of OpenSSH that adds support for X.509 proxy
certificate authentication and delegation, providing a single sign-on remote login and file transfer service.
The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and certificate

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management. The authentication API is built using Public KeyInfrastructure (PKI) technologies, e.g. X.509
Certificates and TLS. In addition to authentication it features a delegation mechanism based upon X.509 Proxy
Certificates. Authorization support takes the form of a couple of APIs. The first provides a generic authorization API
that allows callouts to perform access control based on the client's credentials (i.e. the X.509 certificate chain). The
second provides a simple access control list that maps authorized remote entities to local (system) user names. The

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second mechanism also provides callouts that allow third parties to override the default behavior and is currently
used in the Gatekeeper and GridFTP servers. In addition to the above there are various lower level APIs and tools
for managing, discovering and querying certificates.
Components for Grid Security
1. Basic Security Mechanisms

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2. Components for Credential Generation
3. Components for Credential Management


24 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Beyond verifying the identities of users and services, basic Grid security mechanisms leave access control decisions
to services. The Grid community has developed authorization and access control tools for storing and providing
access to system-wide authorization information and for creating a central data store for supporting decentralized
control mechanisms.

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Basic Security Mechanisms
? Pre-Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A non-Web services implementation of the Grid
Security Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI
mechanisms
? Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A Web services implementation of the Grid Security

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Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI mechanisms

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Result:
Thus the program to develop a security application available in Globus toolkit was successfully executed.
Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a secured applications using a basic security
mechanisms available in Globus toolkit

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25 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Applications:
To provide easy acces to best breed open source network security

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1. What are the collective services available in grid computing?
2. What are the basic principles of autonomous computing?
3. What are the four essential characteristics of on demand business?

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4. What are the essential capabilities provided by on demand business?
5. What are the two most important technologies for building semantic webs?
6. Define Peer to Peer computing?
7. What is the combination of Globus GT3 toolkit?
8. What is a GT3 core?

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9. What are the components available in service model?
10. Define WS-Trust
11. Define WS ?Federation
12. Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
13. Who are the actors in CDC?

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14. Mention the scenarios in CDC?
15. What are the functional requirements of CDC on OGSA?

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Viva-voce


26 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 06: DEVELOP A GRID PORTAL, WHERE USER CAN SUBMIT
A JOB AND GET THE RESULT, IMPLEMENT IT WITH AND WITHOUT
GRAM CONCEPT.
Aim:

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To develop a Grid portal and implement it with and without GRAM concept
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
Multiple times that the likely user interface to grid applications will be through portals, specifically Web portals. A grid
portal may be constructed as a Web page interface to provide easy access to grid applications. The Web user
interface provides user authentication, job submission, job monitoring, and results of the job.

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Globus Resource Allocation Manager (GRAM)
When a job is submitted by a client, the request is sent to the remote host and handled by a gatekeeper daemon.
The gatekeeper creates a job manager to start and monitor the job. When the job is finished, the job manager
sends the status information back to the client and terminates.
The GRAM subsystem consists of the following elements:

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? The globusrun command and associated APIs Resource Specification Language (RSL)
? The gatekeeper daemon The job manager Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator (DUROC)
Each of these elements are described briefly below.
The globusrun command
The globusrun command (or its equivalent API) submits a job to a resource within the grid. This command

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is typically passed an RSL string (see below) that specifies parameters and other properties required to successfully
launch and run the job


27 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Resource Specification Language (RSL)
RSL is a language used by clients to specify the job to be run. All job submission requests are described in an RSL
string that includes information such as the executable file; its parameters; information about redirection of stdin,
stdout, and stderr; and so on. Basically it provides a standard way of specifying all of the information required to

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execute a job, independent of the target environment. It is then the responsibility of the job manager on the target
system to parse the information and launch the job in the appropriate way.
The syntax of RSL is very straightforward. Each statement is enclosed within parenthesis. Comments are
designated with parenthesis and asterisks, for example, (* this is a comment *). Supported attributes include the
following:

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rsl_substitution: Defines variables
executable: The script or command to be run
arguments: Information or flags to be passed to the executable
stdin: Specifies the remote URL and local file used for the executable stdout: Specifies the remote file to place
standard output from the job stderr: Specifies the remote file to place standard error from the job queue: Specifies the

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queue to submit the job (requires a scheduler) count: Specifies the number of executions
directory: Specifies the directory to run the job
project: Specifies a project account for the job (requires a scheduler) dryRun: Verifies the RSL string but
does not run the job
maxMemory: Specifies the maximum amount of memory in MBs required for the job

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minMemory: Specifies the minimum amount of memory in MBs required for the job
hostCount: Specifies the number of nodes in a cluster required for the job environment: Specifies environment
variables that are required for the job
jobType: Specifies the type of job single process, multi-process, mpi, or condor
maxTime: Specifies the maximum execution wall or cpu time for one execution

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maxWallTime: Specifies the maximum walltime for one execution maxCpuTime: Specifies the maximum
cpu time for one execution
gramMyjob: Specifies the whether the gram myjob interface starts one process/thread (independent) or more
(collective)

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28 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to develop Grid Portal was successfully executed.

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29 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid portal and implement it with and
without GRAM concept
Application:

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? It is useful and necessary for interfaces for the performance of operations on the Grid. The Grid
Portal Development Kit (GPDK) facilitates the development of Grid portals and provides several key
reusable components for accessing various Grid services.
? A Grid Portal provides a customizable interface allowing scientists to perform a variety of Grid
operations including remote program submission, file staging, and querying of information services

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from a single, secure gateway.
? The Grid Portal Development Kit leverages off existing Globus/Grid middleware infrastructure as
well as commodity web technology including Java Server Pages and servlets .

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1) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?
2) What are the major goals of OGSA?
3) What are the more specific goals of OGSA?
4) What are the main purposes of use case defined by OGSA?

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5) Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
6) What are the layers available in OGSA architectural organizations?
7) What are the OGSA basic services?
8) What are the two aspects involved in GRAM?
9) What are the two kinds of lifecycle model associated with state data recovery?

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10) What is a GT3 core?
11) What are the major components of default server side framework?
12) What is Grid container?
13) What are the two levels of security available in GT3?
14) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?

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15) What are the two different message-level authentication mechanisms provided by GT3 framework?
16) What are the most common GT3 security handlers?
Viva-voce
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

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0 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

College o f Engineering
?

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DEPARTMENT OF
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

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CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
VII SEMESTER - R 2013

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Name : ______________________________________
Reg. No. : ______________________________________
Section : ______________________________________
LABORATORY MANUAL

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1 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

DHANALAKSHMI

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is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and enterprising
professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and training.

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? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic Excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart and
soul

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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

To strive for acquiring, applying and imparting knowledge in Computer Science and Engineering through quality
education and to provide enthusiastic professionals with commitment

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? To produce highly competent and globally employable engineers in the field of Computer Science and
Engineering
? To inculcate human values among the student community and make them realize their commitment to the society

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? To exhibit excellence in pursuit of research and innovative products with a zeal to serve the society


VISION
VISION

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MISSION
MISSION


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PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)
1. Fundamentals
To provide students with a solid foundation in Mathematics, Science and fundamentals of engineering, enabling
them to apply, to find solutions for engineering problems and use this knowledge to acquire higher education

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2. Core Competence
To train the students in Computer science and engineering technologies so that they apply their knowledge and
training to compare, and to analyze various engineering industrial problems to find solutions
3. Breadth
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice this enables them to

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find solutions for the real time problems in industry, and to design products
4. Professionalism
To inculcate professional and effective communication skills, leadership qualities and team spirit in the students
to make them multi-faceted personalities and develop their ability to relate engineering issues to broader social
context

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5. Lifelong Learning/Ethics
To demonstrate and practice ethical and professional responsibilities in the industry and society in the large,
through commitment and lifelong learning needed for successful professional career

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4


PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)

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a) To demonstrate and apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Electronics and Communication Engineering field
b) To design a component, a system or a process to meet the specific needs within the realistic constraints
such as economics, environment, ethics, health, safety and manufacturability
c) To demonstrate the competency to use software tools for computation, simulation and testing of electronics and

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communication engineering circuits
d) To identify, formulate and solve electronic and communication engineering problems
e) To demonstrate an ability to visualize and work on laboratory and multidisciplinary tasks
f) To function as a member or a leader in multidisciplinary activities
g) To communicate in verbal and written form with fellow engineers and society at large

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h) To understand the impact of Electronics and Communication Engineering in the society and demonstrate awareness
of contemporary issues and commitment to give solutions exhibiting social responsibility
i) To demonstrate professional & ethical responsibilities
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To participate and succeed in competitive exams

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5 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

SYLLABUS
Learn the working of ARM processor

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Understand the Building Blocks of Embedded Systems
Learn the concept of memory map and memory interface
Know the characteristics of Real Time Systems
Write programs to interface memory, I/Os with processor
Study the interrupt performance

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LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
GRID COMPUTING LAB
Use Globus Toolkit or equivalent and do the following:
1. Develop a new Web Service for Calculator.
2. Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service.

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3. Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service.
4. Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs
5. Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus Toolkit.
6. Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it with and without
GRAM concept.

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CLOUD COMPUTING LAB
Use Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent to set up the cloud and demonstrate.
1. Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines
COURSE OBJECTIVES

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can be utilized at particular time.

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2. Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even
after the release of the virtual machine.
3. Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program.
4. Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other.
5. Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it.

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6. Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster.
7. Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE.
8. Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it.
9. Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits.
? Design and implement applications on the Grid.

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? Design and Implement applications on the Cloud.
? Design network objects by applying the networking concepts.
? Create virtualization concept.
? Design web based applications.
? Apply cloud tools for resource allocation.

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? Apply grid tools for network translation.
? Design private cloud using open stack.
COURSE OUTCOMES

7

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CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
CONTENTS
Sl. No. Name of the Experiment Page No.

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CYCLE 1 ? EXPERIMENTS ( GRID COMPUTING)
1
Develop a new Web Service for Calculator 7
2
Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service 16

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3
Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service 19
4
Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs 22
5

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Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus
Toolkit
25
6
Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it

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with and without GRAM concept
27
CYCLE 2 ? EXPERIMENTS (CLOUD COMPUTING)
1
Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how

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many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
34
2
Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it
holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine

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36
3 Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program 39
4
Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to
the other

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42
5 Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it 45
6 Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster 47
7 Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE
ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS

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1 Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it 52
2 Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks 55

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8 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO GRID COMPUTING

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GRID TECHNOLOGY

? Flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and

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resource
? Grid architecture
? Defined using services and protocols
? Using the ?sand hourglass? model similar to the TCP/IP protocol stack

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"A computational grid is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides dependable, consistent, pervasive and
inexpensive access to high-end computational capabilities."
Grid computing makes it possible to dynamically share and coordinate dispersed, heterogeneous computing
resources. Flexibility and ubiquity are essential characteristics of Web services technologies such as WSDL (Web
Services Description Language), SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), and UDDI (Universal Description,

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Discovery, and Integration).
The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) combines technologies to unlock and exploit grid-attached resources.
OGSA defines mechanisms to create, manage, and exchange information between Grid Services, a special type of
Web service. The architecture uses WSDL extensively to describe the structure and behavior of a service. Service
descriptions are located and discovered using Web Services Inspection Language (WSIL). By combining elements

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from grid computing and Web services technologies, OGSA establishes an extensible and interoperable design and
development framework for Grid Services that includes details for service definition, discovery, and life-cycle
management.

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GLOBUS TOOLKIT

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The Globus Toolkit provides software tools to make it easier to build computational grids and grid-based
applications. The Globus Toolkit is both an open architecture and open source toolkit.

? The Globus Toolkit is a product of the Globus Alliance (http://www.globus.org)
? It is middleware for developing grids

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? The current release is 6.0.
? Four key protocols and APIs
? Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI)
? Grid Resource Allocation & Mgmt (GRAM)
? Grid Resource Information Protocol (GRIP) and Index Information Protocol (GIIP)

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? Grid File Transfer Protocol (GridFTP)
? Implementations on many platforms
? Resources, security systems, data models,
? Various collective layer protocols & tools
? Info services, replica management, etc.

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? A basis for many Grid-enabled tools & apps
FTP, SSH, Condor, SRB, MPI, EDG, GridPort,
GLOBUS TOOLKIT? COMPONENTS
? Security
? GSI ? Grid Security Infrastructure

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? Resource Management
? GRAM ? Grid Resource Allocation Manager
o globusrun
o RSL
o gatekeeper

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o job manager
o DUROC ? Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator
? Information Services
? MDS ? Monitoring and Discovery Service

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o GRIS ? Grid Resource Information Service
o GIIS ? Grid Index Information Service

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o MDS Client
? Data Management
o GridFTP, GASS
The Globus Toolkit latest version 6.0 includes:
GSI: security

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GridFTP: file transfer
GRAM: job execution/resource management
MyProxy: credential repository/certificate authority
GSI-OpenSSH: GSI secure single sign-on remote shell

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GLOBUS TOOLKIT INSTALLATION PROCEDURE
Step1: For installing Globus Toolkit nothing more easy than download the latest package:

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http://toolkit.globus.org/ftppub/gt6/installers/repo/globus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
sudodpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Step2: Update the repositories: sudo apt-get update
Step3: To install Debian or Ubuntu package, download the globus-toolkit-repo package
from the link above and install it with the command:

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root@sysa63:/home/#dpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Do the following for Debian-based systems:
root@sysa63:/home/#apt-get install globus-data-management-client

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12 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 01: DEVELOP A NEW WEB SERVICE FOR CALCULATOR

Aim:

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Develop a Web Service for new Calculator
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
1. Our first web service is an extremely simple Math Web Service, which we'll refer to asMathService. It will
2. allow users to perform the following operations:
a. Addition
b. Subtraction

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3. Furthermore, MathService will have the following resource properties (RPs for short):
a. Value (integer)
b. Last operation performed (string)
4. We will also add a "Get Value" operation to access the Value RP. Once a new resource is created, the
"value" RP is initialized to zero, and the "last operation" RP is initialized to "NONE". The parameter is

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added/subtracted to the "value" RP, and the "last operation" RP is changed to "ADDITION" or
"SUBTRACTION" accordingly. Also, the addition and subtraction operations don't return anything.
5. Writing and deploying a WSRF Web Service is easier than you might think. You just have to follow five
simple steps.
6. Define the service's interface. This is done with WSDL

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7. Implement the service. This is done with Java.
8. Define the deployment parameters. This is done with WSDD and JNDI
9. Compile everything and generate a GAR file. This is done with Ant
10. Deploy service. This is also done with a GT4 tool

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Sample Code:

_instance"
xmlns ="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"
xmlns:tns="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/examples/core/MathService_instance"

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xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsrp="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-
ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.xsd" xmlns:wsrpw="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-


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ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.wsdl"
xmlns:wsdlpp="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/2004/10/WSDLPreprocessor"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">

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Result:
Thus the program for developing web service for new calculator was successfully executed.

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Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid by using Web Service for new Calculator
Applications:
To make a calculator in Windows application using web service

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1) What is Web Service?
2) What are the advantages of web services?
3) What are the different types of web services?

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4) What is SOAP?
5) What are the advantages of SOAP web services?
6) What are the disadvantages of SOAP web services?
7) What is WSDL?
8) What is UDDI?

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9) What are RESTful web services?
10) What are the advantages of RESTful web services?
11) What is the difference between SOAP and REST web services?
12) What is SOA service architecture?
13) What tools are used to deploy web services?

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14) What is Web Service architecture?
15) What are the advantages of web services in globus toolkit?
16) What are the different types of web services?
17) What is SOAP web services?
18) What is UDP and TCP?

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19) What is stateless SOA?
20) What is data balancing in WSDL?
Viva-voce

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Expt.No. 02: DEVELOP NEW OGSA-COMPLIANT WEB SERVICE

Aim:

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To develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid Service using .NET language.
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:

1. Developed by the Global Grid Forum
2. Aims to define a common, standard, open architecture for Grid Applications.
3. Defines a set of rules that make up a grid service.

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4. Sharing and Coordinated use of diverse resources in Dynamic VO's

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Result:

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Thus the program for developing OGSA- Complaint web service was successfully executed.


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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid
Service using .NET language

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Applications:
? Sharing of information among diverse components of large heterogenous grid systems
? WAN

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1. How would you decide what style of Web Service to use? SOAP WS or REST?
2. Does the service expose data or business logic?
3. Do consumers and the service providers require a formal contract?
4. Do we need to support multiple data formats?

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5. Do we need to make AJAX calls?
6. Is the call synchronous or asynchronous?
7. What level of security is required?
8. What level of transaction support is required?
9. Do we have limited band width?

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10. What tools do you use to test your Web Services?
11. What is the difference between SOA and a Web service?
12. What is a microservice architecture (aka MSA)?
13. What is data integrity?
14. What is cloud infrastructure?

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Viva-voce

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Expt.No. 03: USING APACHE AXIS DEVELOP A GRID SERVICE

Aim:

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To develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
1. Creating the New Level in the Package
2. Edit the Configuration Files
3. Modify the Service Code
4. Modify the Client

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5. Compile and Deploy
6. Starting the Container
7. Compile the Client
8. Run the Client

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Sample Output:
Addition was successful
Subtraction was successful
Multiplication was successful
Division was successful

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Current value: 20.

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Result:
Thus the program for Grid Service using Apache Axis was successfully executed.

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19 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Applications:
? To create web service in Java
? To work with Globus Tool kit standards web service

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1. What are the different application integration styles?
2. What is Grid Computing?
3. What is QOS?
4. What are the derivatives of grid computing?

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5. What are the features of data grids?
6. What is load balancing?
7. What is grid infrastructure?
8. Define ? Distributed Computing.
9. Define ? OSGI.

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10. Define ? OSGA.
11. What is the use of API?s in cloud services?
12. What is the difference between cloud and grid?
13. What is data communication?
14. What are the elements of data communication?

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Viva-voce


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Expt.No. 04: DEVELOP APPLICATIONS USING JAVA OR C/C++ GRID
APIS
Aim:
To develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Import all the necessary java packages and name the file as GridLayoutDemo.java

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2. Set up components to preferred size
3. Add buttons to experiment with Grid Layout
4. Add controls to set up horizontal and vertical gaps
5. Process the Apply gaps button press
6. Create the GUI

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7. Create and set up the window,Set up the content pane and Display the Window
8. Schedule a job for the event dispatch thread
9. Show the application's GUI

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Sample Output:

Figure 1: Horizontal, Left-to-Right Figure 2: Horizontal, Right-to-Left

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Result:
Thus the program to develop an application in java using Grid APIs was successfully executed.


22 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop an application in Java using Grid APIs

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Applications:
Used for defining a application programme interface for common distributes computing functionality

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1) Describe the two most important advantages of using Distributed/Grid Computing.
2) What is the main function of DNS?
3) Briefly outline two applications of Public Key systems.
4) Provide one major difference between synchronous and asynchronous communication.
5) Provide one major difference between ASCII and Unicode encodings.

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6) Provide two major differences between sequential computing and parallel computing.
7) Write the any three Grid Applications.
8) Give the examples of Hardware service provider.
9) Give the example of software application ASP.
10) What are grid portals? Give example.

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11) What are the high level services including in existing globus tool kit?
12) Name the components available in Nimrod architecture?
13) What are the major objectives of Euro grid project?
14) What is the application specific work packages identified for the Euro grid?
15) Define dynamic accounting system.

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Viva-voce

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EX.NO. 05: DEVELOP SECURED APPLICATIONS USING BASIC

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SECURITY MECHANISMS AVAILABLE IN GLOBUS TOOLKIT.
Aim:
To develop a secured applications using a basic security mechanisms available in Globus toolkit
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
The Globus Toolkit incorporates multiple security components that establish the identity of users or services
(authentication), protect communications, and determine who is allowed to perform what actions (authorization), as

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well as manage user credentials.
? GSI C: The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and
certificate management.
? MyProxy: MyProxy is open source software for managing X.509 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) security
credentials (certificates and private keys).

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? GSI-OpenSSH: GSI-OpenSSH is a modified version of OpenSSH that adds support for X.509 proxy
certificate authentication and delegation, providing a single sign-on remote login and file transfer service.
The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and certificate
management. The authentication API is built using Public KeyInfrastructure (PKI) technologies, e.g. X.509
Certificates and TLS. In addition to authentication it features a delegation mechanism based upon X.509 Proxy

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Certificates. Authorization support takes the form of a couple of APIs. The first provides a generic authorization API
that allows callouts to perform access control based on the client's credentials (i.e. the X.509 certificate chain). The
second provides a simple access control list that maps authorized remote entities to local (system) user names. The
second mechanism also provides callouts that allow third parties to override the default behavior and is currently
used in the Gatekeeper and GridFTP servers. In addition to the above there are various lower level APIs and tools

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for managing, discovering and querying certificates.
Components for Grid Security
1. Basic Security Mechanisms
2. Components for Credential Generation
3. Components for Credential Management

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Beyond verifying the identities of users and services, basic Grid security mechanisms leave access control decisions

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to services. The Grid community has developed authorization and access control tools for storing and providing
access to system-wide authorization information and for creating a central data store for supporting decentralized
control mechanisms.
Basic Security Mechanisms
? Pre-Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A non-Web services implementation of the Grid

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Security Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI
mechanisms
? Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A Web services implementation of the Grid Security
Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI mechanisms

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Result:

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Thus the program to develop a security application available in Globus toolkit was successfully executed.
Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a secured applications using a basic security

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mechanisms available in Globus toolkit



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Applications:
To provide easy acces to best breed open source network security

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1. What are the collective services available in grid computing?
2. What are the basic principles of autonomous computing?
3. What are the four essential characteristics of on demand business?
4. What are the essential capabilities provided by on demand business?
5. What are the two most important technologies for building semantic webs?

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6. Define Peer to Peer computing?
7. What is the combination of Globus GT3 toolkit?
8. What is a GT3 core?
9. What are the components available in service model?
10. Define WS-Trust

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11. Define WS ?Federation
12. Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
13. Who are the actors in CDC?
14. Mention the scenarios in CDC?
15. What are the functional requirements of CDC on OGSA?

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Viva-voce

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26 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 06: DEVELOP A GRID PORTAL, WHERE USER CAN SUBMIT

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A JOB AND GET THE RESULT, IMPLEMENT IT WITH AND WITHOUT
GRAM CONCEPT.
Aim:
To develop a Grid portal and implement it with and without GRAM concept
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

Procedure:

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Multiple times that the likely user interface to grid applications will be through portals, specifically Web portals. A grid
portal may be constructed as a Web page interface to provide easy access to grid applications. The Web user
interface provides user authentication, job submission, job monitoring, and results of the job.
Globus Resource Allocation Manager (GRAM)
When a job is submitted by a client, the request is sent to the remote host and handled by a gatekeeper daemon.

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The gatekeeper creates a job manager to start and monitor the job. When the job is finished, the job manager
sends the status information back to the client and terminates.
The GRAM subsystem consists of the following elements:
? The globusrun command and associated APIs Resource Specification Language (RSL)
? The gatekeeper daemon The job manager Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator (DUROC)

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Each of these elements are described briefly below.
The globusrun command
The globusrun command (or its equivalent API) submits a job to a resource within the grid. This command
is typically passed an RSL string (see below) that specifies parameters and other properties required to successfully
launch and run the job

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27 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Resource Specification Language (RSL)

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RSL is a language used by clients to specify the job to be run. All job submission requests are described in an RSL
string that includes information such as the executable file; its parameters; information about redirection of stdin,
stdout, and stderr; and so on. Basically it provides a standard way of specifying all of the information required to
execute a job, independent of the target environment. It is then the responsibility of the job manager on the target
system to parse the information and launch the job in the appropriate way.

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The syntax of RSL is very straightforward. Each statement is enclosed within parenthesis. Comments are
designated with parenthesis and asterisks, for example, (* this is a comment *). Supported attributes include the
following:
rsl_substitution: Defines variables
executable: The script or command to be run

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arguments: Information or flags to be passed to the executable
stdin: Specifies the remote URL and local file used for the executable stdout: Specifies the remote file to place
standard output from the job stderr: Specifies the remote file to place standard error from the job queue: Specifies the
queue to submit the job (requires a scheduler) count: Specifies the number of executions
directory: Specifies the directory to run the job

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project: Specifies a project account for the job (requires a scheduler) dryRun: Verifies the RSL string but
does not run the job
maxMemory: Specifies the maximum amount of memory in MBs required for the job
minMemory: Specifies the minimum amount of memory in MBs required for the job
hostCount: Specifies the number of nodes in a cluster required for the job environment: Specifies environment

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variables that are required for the job
jobType: Specifies the type of job single process, multi-process, mpi, or condor
maxTime: Specifies the maximum execution wall or cpu time for one execution
maxWallTime: Specifies the maximum walltime for one execution maxCpuTime: Specifies the maximum
cpu time for one execution

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gramMyjob: Specifies the whether the gram myjob interface starts one process/thread (independent) or more
(collective)


28 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to develop Grid Portal was successfully executed.

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29 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid portal and implement it with and
without GRAM concept
Application:
? It is useful and necessary for interfaces for the performance of operations on the Grid. The Grid
Portal Development Kit (GPDK) facilitates the development of Grid portals and provides several key

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reusable components for accessing various Grid services.
? A Grid Portal provides a customizable interface allowing scientists to perform a variety of Grid
operations including remote program submission, file staging, and querying of information services
from a single, secure gateway.
? The Grid Portal Development Kit leverages off existing Globus/Grid middleware infrastructure as

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well as commodity web technology including Java Server Pages and servlets .



1) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?

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2) What are the major goals of OGSA?
3) What are the more specific goals of OGSA?
4) What are the main purposes of use case defined by OGSA?
5) Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
6) What are the layers available in OGSA architectural organizations?

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7) What are the OGSA basic services?
8) What are the two aspects involved in GRAM?
9) What are the two kinds of lifecycle model associated with state data recovery?
10) What is a GT3 core?
11) What are the major components of default server side framework?

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12) What is Grid container?
13) What are the two levels of security available in GT3?
14) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?
15) What are the two different message-level authentication mechanisms provided by GT3 framework?
16) What are the most common GT3 security handlers?

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Viva-voce


30 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO CLOUD COMPUTING

What is cloud computing?
Cloud computing means that instead of all the computer hardware and software you're using sitting on your
desktop, or somewhere inside your company's network, it's provided for you as a service by another company and

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accessed over the Internet, usually in a completely seamless way. Exactly where the hardware and software is
located and how it all works doesn't matter to you, the user?it's just somewhere up in the nebulous "cloud" that the
Internet represents.
Cloud computing is a buzzword that means different things to different people. For some, it's just another way of
describing IT (information technology) "outsourcing"; others use it to mean any computing service provided over the

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Internet or a similar network; and some define it as any bought-in computer service you use that sits outside your
firewall.
Types of cloud computing
IT people talk about three different kinds of cloud computing, where different services are being provided for you.
Note that there's a certain amount of vagueness about how these things are defined and some overlap between

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them.
? Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) means you're buying access to raw computing hardware over the Net,
such as servers or storage. Since you buy what you need and pay-as-you-go, this is often referred to as
utility computing. Ordinary web hosting is a simple example of IaaS: you pay a monthly subscription or a
per-megabyte/gigabyte fee to have a hosting company serve up files for your website from their servers.

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? Software as a Service (SaaS) means you use a complete application running on someone else's system.
Web-based email and Google Documents are perhaps the best-known examples. Zoho is another well-
known SaaS provider offering a variety of office applications online.
? Platform as a Service (PaaS) means you develop applications using Web-based tools so they run on
systems software and hardware provided by another company. So, for example, you might develop your

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own ecommerce website but have the whole thing, including the shopping cart, checkout, and payment
mechanism running on a merchant's server. App Cloud (from salesforce.com) and the Google App Engine
are examples of PaaS.
Advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing
Advantages

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The pros of cloud computing are obvious and compelling. If your business is selling books or repairing shoes,
why get involved in the nitty gritty of buying and maintaining a complex computer system? If you run an insurance
office, do you really want your sales agents wasting time running anti-virus software, upgrading word-processors, or
worrying about hard-drive crashes? Do you really want them cluttering your expensive computers with their personal
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

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0 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

College o f Engineering

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?



DEPARTMENT OF

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COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
VII SEMESTER - R 2013

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Name : ______________________________________
Reg. No. : ______________________________________
Section : ______________________________________

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LABORATORY MANUAL


1 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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DHANALAKSHMI


is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and enterprising
professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and training.

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? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic Excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart and

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soul

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

To strive for acquiring, applying and imparting knowledge in Computer Science and Engineering through quality

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education and to provide enthusiastic professionals with commitment


? To produce highly competent and globally employable engineers in the field of Computer Science and
Engineering

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? To inculcate human values among the student community and make them realize their commitment to the society
? To exhibit excellence in pursuit of research and innovative products with a zeal to serve the society


VISION

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VISION
MISSION
MISSION

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2 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)
1. Fundamentals
To provide students with a solid foundation in Mathematics, Science and fundamentals of engineering, enabling

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them to apply, to find solutions for engineering problems and use this knowledge to acquire higher education
2. Core Competence
To train the students in Computer science and engineering technologies so that they apply their knowledge and
training to compare, and to analyze various engineering industrial problems to find solutions
3. Breadth

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To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice this enables them to
find solutions for the real time problems in industry, and to design products
4. Professionalism
To inculcate professional and effective communication skills, leadership qualities and team spirit in the students
to make them multi-faceted personalities and develop their ability to relate engineering issues to broader social

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context
5. Lifelong Learning/Ethics
To demonstrate and practice ethical and professional responsibilities in the industry and society in the large,
through commitment and lifelong learning needed for successful professional career

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4

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PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)
a) To demonstrate and apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Electronics and Communication Engineering field
b) To design a component, a system or a process to meet the specific needs within the realistic constraints
such as economics, environment, ethics, health, safety and manufacturability

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c) To demonstrate the competency to use software tools for computation, simulation and testing of electronics and
communication engineering circuits
d) To identify, formulate and solve electronic and communication engineering problems
e) To demonstrate an ability to visualize and work on laboratory and multidisciplinary tasks
f) To function as a member or a leader in multidisciplinary activities

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g) To communicate in verbal and written form with fellow engineers and society at large
h) To understand the impact of Electronics and Communication Engineering in the society and demonstrate awareness
of contemporary issues and commitment to give solutions exhibiting social responsibility
i) To demonstrate professional & ethical responsibilities
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning

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k) To participate and succeed in competitive exams

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5 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

SYLLABUS

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Learn the working of ARM processor
Understand the Building Blocks of Embedded Systems
Learn the concept of memory map and memory interface
Know the characteristics of Real Time Systems
Write programs to interface memory, I/Os with processor

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Study the interrupt performance
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
GRID COMPUTING LAB
Use Globus Toolkit or equivalent and do the following:
1. Develop a new Web Service for Calculator.

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2. Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service.
3. Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service.
4. Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs
5. Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus Toolkit.
6. Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it with and without

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GRAM concept.

CLOUD COMPUTING LAB
Use Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent to set up the cloud and demonstrate.
1. Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines

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COURSE OBJECTIVES


6 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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can be utilized at particular time.
2. Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even
after the release of the virtual machine.
3. Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program.
4. Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other.

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5. Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it.
6. Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster.
7. Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE.
8. Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it.
9. Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits.

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid.
? Design and Implement applications on the Cloud.
? Design network objects by applying the networking concepts.
? Create virtualization concept.
? Design web based applications.

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? Apply cloud tools for resource allocation.
? Apply grid tools for network translation.
? Design private cloud using open stack.
COURSE OUTCOMES

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7


CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
CONTENTS

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Sl. No. Name of the Experiment Page No.
CYCLE 1 ? EXPERIMENTS ( GRID COMPUTING)
1
Develop a new Web Service for Calculator 7
2

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Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service 16
3
Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service 19
4
Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs 22

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5
Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus
Toolkit
25
6

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Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it
with and without GRAM concept
27
CYCLE 2 ? EXPERIMENTS (CLOUD COMPUTING)
1

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Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how
many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
34
2
Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it

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holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
36
3 Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program 39
4
Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to

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the other
42
5 Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it 45
6 Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster 47
7 Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE

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ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS
1 Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it 52
2 Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks 55

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8 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO GRID COMPUTING


GRID TECHNOLOGY

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? Flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and
resource
? Grid architecture
? Defined using services and protocols
? Using the ?sand hourglass? model similar to the TCP/IP protocol stack

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"A computational grid is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides dependable, consistent, pervasive and
inexpensive access to high-end computational capabilities."
Grid computing makes it possible to dynamically share and coordinate dispersed, heterogeneous computing
resources. Flexibility and ubiquity are essential characteristics of Web services technologies such as WSDL (Web

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Services Description Language), SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), and UDDI (Universal Description,
Discovery, and Integration).
The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) combines technologies to unlock and exploit grid-attached resources.
OGSA defines mechanisms to create, manage, and exchange information between Grid Services, a special type of
Web service. The architecture uses WSDL extensively to describe the structure and behavior of a service. Service

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descriptions are located and discovered using Web Services Inspection Language (WSIL). By combining elements
from grid computing and Web services technologies, OGSA establishes an extensible and interoperable design and
development framework for Grid Services that includes details for service definition, discovery, and life-cycle
management.

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9 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


GLOBUS TOOLKIT

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The Globus Toolkit provides software tools to make it easier to build computational grids and grid-based
applications. The Globus Toolkit is both an open architecture and open source toolkit.

? The Globus Toolkit is a product of the Globus Alliance (http://www.globus.org)

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? It is middleware for developing grids
? The current release is 6.0.
? Four key protocols and APIs
? Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI)
? Grid Resource Allocation & Mgmt (GRAM)

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? Grid Resource Information Protocol (GRIP) and Index Information Protocol (GIIP)
? Grid File Transfer Protocol (GridFTP)
? Implementations on many platforms
? Resources, security systems, data models,
? Various collective layer protocols & tools

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? Info services, replica management, etc.
? A basis for many Grid-enabled tools & apps
FTP, SSH, Condor, SRB, MPI, EDG, GridPort,
GLOBUS TOOLKIT? COMPONENTS
? Security

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? GSI ? Grid Security Infrastructure
? Resource Management
? GRAM ? Grid Resource Allocation Manager
o globusrun
o RSL

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o gatekeeper
o job manager
o DUROC ? Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator
? Information Services
? MDS ? Monitoring and Discovery Service

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10 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

o GRIS ? Grid Resource Information Service

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o GIIS ? Grid Index Information Service
o MDS Client
? Data Management
o GridFTP, GASS
The Globus Toolkit latest version 6.0 includes:

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GSI: security
GridFTP: file transfer
GRAM: job execution/resource management
MyProxy: credential repository/certificate authority
GSI-OpenSSH: GSI secure single sign-on remote shell

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11 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

GLOBUS TOOLKIT INSTALLATION PROCEDURE

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Step1: For installing Globus Toolkit nothing more easy than download the latest package:
http://toolkit.globus.org/ftppub/gt6/installers/repo/globus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
sudodpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Step2: Update the repositories: sudo apt-get update
Step3: To install Debian or Ubuntu package, download the globus-toolkit-repo package

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from the link above and install it with the command:
root@sysa63:/home/#dpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Do the following for Debian-based systems:
root@sysa63:/home/#apt-get install globus-data-management-client

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12 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 01: DEVELOP A NEW WEB SERVICE FOR CALCULATOR

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Aim:
Develop a Web Service for new Calculator
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Our first web service is an extremely simple Math Web Service, which we'll refer to asMathService. It will
2. allow users to perform the following operations:
a. Addition

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b. Subtraction
3. Furthermore, MathService will have the following resource properties (RPs for short):
a. Value (integer)
b. Last operation performed (string)
4. We will also add a "Get Value" operation to access the Value RP. Once a new resource is created, the

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"value" RP is initialized to zero, and the "last operation" RP is initialized to "NONE". The parameter is
added/subtracted to the "value" RP, and the "last operation" RP is changed to "ADDITION" or
"SUBTRACTION" accordingly. Also, the addition and subtraction operations don't return anything.
5. Writing and deploying a WSRF Web Service is easier than you might think. You just have to follow five
simple steps.

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6. Define the service's interface. This is done with WSDL
7. Implement the service. This is done with Java.
8. Define the deployment parameters. This is done with WSDD and JNDI
9. Compile everything and generate a GAR file. This is done with Ant
10. Deploy service. This is also done with a GT4 tool

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Sample Code:

_instance"
xmlns ="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"

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xmlns:tns="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/examples/core/MathService_instance"
xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsrp="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-
ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.xsd" xmlns:wsrpw="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-

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13 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.wsdl"
xmlns:wsdlpp="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/2004/10/WSDLPreprocessor"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">

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Result:
Thus the program for developing web service for new calculator was successfully executed.

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14 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid by using Web Service for new Calculator
Applications:

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To make a calculator in Windows application using web service


1) What is Web Service?
2) What are the advantages of web services?

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3) What are the different types of web services?
4) What is SOAP?
5) What are the advantages of SOAP web services?
6) What are the disadvantages of SOAP web services?
7) What is WSDL?

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8) What is UDDI?
9) What are RESTful web services?
10) What are the advantages of RESTful web services?
11) What is the difference between SOAP and REST web services?
12) What is SOA service architecture?

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13) What tools are used to deploy web services?
14) What is Web Service architecture?
15) What are the advantages of web services in globus toolkit?
16) What are the different types of web services?
17) What is SOAP web services?

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18) What is UDP and TCP?
19) What is stateless SOA?
20) What is data balancing in WSDL?
Viva-voce

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15 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 02: DEVELOP NEW OGSA-COMPLIANT WEB SERVICE

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Aim:
To develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid Service using .NET language.
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

1. Developed by the Global Grid Forum
2. Aims to define a common, standard, open architecture for Grid Applications.

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3. Defines a set of rules that make up a grid service.
4. Sharing and Coordinated use of diverse resources in Dynamic VO's

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Result:
Thus the program for developing OGSA- Complaint web service was successfully executed.


16 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid

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Service using .NET language
Applications:
? Sharing of information among diverse components of large heterogenous grid systems
? WAN

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1. How would you decide what style of Web Service to use? SOAP WS or REST?
2. Does the service expose data or business logic?
3. Do consumers and the service providers require a formal contract?

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4. Do we need to support multiple data formats?
5. Do we need to make AJAX calls?
6. Is the call synchronous or asynchronous?
7. What level of security is required?
8. What level of transaction support is required?

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9. Do we have limited band width?
10. What tools do you use to test your Web Services?
11. What is the difference between SOA and a Web service?
12. What is a microservice architecture (aka MSA)?
13. What is data integrity?

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14. What is cloud infrastructure?


Viva-voce

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17 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 03: USING APACHE AXIS DEVELOP A GRID SERVICE

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Aim:
To develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Creating the New Level in the Package
2. Edit the Configuration Files
3. Modify the Service Code

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4. Modify the Client
5. Compile and Deploy
6. Starting the Container
7. Compile the Client
8. Run the Client

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18 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:
Addition was successful
Subtraction was successful
Multiplication was successful

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Division was successful
Current value: 20.

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Result:
Thus the program for Grid Service using Apache Axis was successfully executed.

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19 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Applications:
? To create web service in Java
? To work with Globus Tool kit standards web service

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1. What are the different application integration styles?
2. What is Grid Computing?
3. What is QOS?

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4. What are the derivatives of grid computing?
5. What are the features of data grids?
6. What is load balancing?
7. What is grid infrastructure?
8. Define ? Distributed Computing.

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9. Define ? OSGI.
10. Define ? OSGA.
11. What is the use of API?s in cloud services?
12. What is the difference between cloud and grid?
13. What is data communication?

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14. What are the elements of data communication?

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Viva-voce


20 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 04: DEVELOP APPLICATIONS USING JAVA OR C/C++ GRID
APIS
Aim:
To develop an application in Java using Grid APIs

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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1. Import all the necessary java packages and name the file as GridLayoutDemo.java
2. Set up components to preferred size
3. Add buttons to experiment with Grid Layout
4. Add controls to set up horizontal and vertical gaps
5. Process the Apply gaps button press

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6. Create the GUI
7. Create and set up the window,Set up the content pane and Display the Window
8. Schedule a job for the event dispatch thread
9. Show the application's GUI

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21 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:

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Figure 1: Horizontal, Left-to-Right Figure 2: Horizontal, Right-to-Left

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Result:
Thus the program to develop an application in java using Grid APIs was successfully executed.

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22 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Applications:
Used for defining a application programme interface for common distributes computing functionality

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1) Describe the two most important advantages of using Distributed/Grid Computing.
2) What is the main function of DNS?
3) Briefly outline two applications of Public Key systems.
4) Provide one major difference between synchronous and asynchronous communication.

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5) Provide one major difference between ASCII and Unicode encodings.
6) Provide two major differences between sequential computing and parallel computing.
7) Write the any three Grid Applications.
8) Give the examples of Hardware service provider.
9) Give the example of software application ASP.

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10) What are grid portals? Give example.
11) What are the high level services including in existing globus tool kit?
12) Name the components available in Nimrod architecture?
13) What are the major objectives of Euro grid project?
14) What is the application specific work packages identified for the Euro grid?

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15) Define dynamic accounting system.

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Viva-voce


23 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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EX.NO. 05: DEVELOP SECURED APPLICATIONS USING BASIC
SECURITY MECHANISMS AVAILABLE IN GLOBUS TOOLKIT.
Aim:
To develop a secured applications using a basic security mechanisms available in Globus toolkit
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
The Globus Toolkit incorporates multiple security components that establish the identity of users or services

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(authentication), protect communications, and determine who is allowed to perform what actions (authorization), as
well as manage user credentials.
? GSI C: The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and
certificate management.
? MyProxy: MyProxy is open source software for managing X.509 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) security

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credentials (certificates and private keys).
? GSI-OpenSSH: GSI-OpenSSH is a modified version of OpenSSH that adds support for X.509 proxy
certificate authentication and delegation, providing a single sign-on remote login and file transfer service.
The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and certificate
management. The authentication API is built using Public KeyInfrastructure (PKI) technologies, e.g. X.509

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Certificates and TLS. In addition to authentication it features a delegation mechanism based upon X.509 Proxy
Certificates. Authorization support takes the form of a couple of APIs. The first provides a generic authorization API
that allows callouts to perform access control based on the client's credentials (i.e. the X.509 certificate chain). The
second provides a simple access control list that maps authorized remote entities to local (system) user names. The
second mechanism also provides callouts that allow third parties to override the default behavior and is currently

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used in the Gatekeeper and GridFTP servers. In addition to the above there are various lower level APIs and tools
for managing, discovering and querying certificates.
Components for Grid Security
1. Basic Security Mechanisms
2. Components for Credential Generation

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3. Components for Credential Management


24 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Beyond verifying the identities of users and services, basic Grid security mechanisms leave access control decisions
to services. The Grid community has developed authorization and access control tools for storing and providing
access to system-wide authorization information and for creating a central data store for supporting decentralized
control mechanisms.
Basic Security Mechanisms

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? Pre-Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A non-Web services implementation of the Grid
Security Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI
mechanisms
? Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A Web services implementation of the Grid Security
Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI mechanisms

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Result:
Thus the program to develop a security application available in Globus toolkit was successfully executed.
Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a secured applications using a basic security
mechanisms available in Globus toolkit

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25 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Applications:
To provide easy acces to best breed open source network security

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1. What are the collective services available in grid computing?
2. What are the basic principles of autonomous computing?
3. What are the four essential characteristics of on demand business?
4. What are the essential capabilities provided by on demand business?

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5. What are the two most important technologies for building semantic webs?
6. Define Peer to Peer computing?
7. What is the combination of Globus GT3 toolkit?
8. What is a GT3 core?
9. What are the components available in service model?

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10. Define WS-Trust
11. Define WS ?Federation
12. Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
13. Who are the actors in CDC?
14. Mention the scenarios in CDC?

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15. What are the functional requirements of CDC on OGSA?

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Viva-voce


26 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 06: DEVELOP A GRID PORTAL, WHERE USER CAN SUBMIT
A JOB AND GET THE RESULT, IMPLEMENT IT WITH AND WITHOUT
GRAM CONCEPT.
Aim:
To develop a Grid portal and implement it with and without GRAM concept

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
Multiple times that the likely user interface to grid applications will be through portals, specifically Web portals. A grid
portal may be constructed as a Web page interface to provide easy access to grid applications. The Web user
interface provides user authentication, job submission, job monitoring, and results of the job.
Globus Resource Allocation Manager (GRAM)

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When a job is submitted by a client, the request is sent to the remote host and handled by a gatekeeper daemon.
The gatekeeper creates a job manager to start and monitor the job. When the job is finished, the job manager
sends the status information back to the client and terminates.
The GRAM subsystem consists of the following elements:
? The globusrun command and associated APIs Resource Specification Language (RSL)

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? The gatekeeper daemon The job manager Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator (DUROC)
Each of these elements are described briefly below.
The globusrun command
The globusrun command (or its equivalent API) submits a job to a resource within the grid. This command
is typically passed an RSL string (see below) that specifies parameters and other properties required to successfully

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launch and run the job


27 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Resource Specification Language (RSL)
RSL is a language used by clients to specify the job to be run. All job submission requests are described in an RSL
string that includes information such as the executable file; its parameters; information about redirection of stdin,
stdout, and stderr; and so on. Basically it provides a standard way of specifying all of the information required to
execute a job, independent of the target environment. It is then the responsibility of the job manager on the target

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system to parse the information and launch the job in the appropriate way.
The syntax of RSL is very straightforward. Each statement is enclosed within parenthesis. Comments are
designated with parenthesis and asterisks, for example, (* this is a comment *). Supported attributes include the
following:
rsl_substitution: Defines variables

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executable: The script or command to be run
arguments: Information or flags to be passed to the executable
stdin: Specifies the remote URL and local file used for the executable stdout: Specifies the remote file to place
standard output from the job stderr: Specifies the remote file to place standard error from the job queue: Specifies the
queue to submit the job (requires a scheduler) count: Specifies the number of executions

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directory: Specifies the directory to run the job
project: Specifies a project account for the job (requires a scheduler) dryRun: Verifies the RSL string but
does not run the job
maxMemory: Specifies the maximum amount of memory in MBs required for the job
minMemory: Specifies the minimum amount of memory in MBs required for the job

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hostCount: Specifies the number of nodes in a cluster required for the job environment: Specifies environment
variables that are required for the job
jobType: Specifies the type of job single process, multi-process, mpi, or condor
maxTime: Specifies the maximum execution wall or cpu time for one execution
maxWallTime: Specifies the maximum walltime for one execution maxCpuTime: Specifies the maximum

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cpu time for one execution
gramMyjob: Specifies the whether the gram myjob interface starts one process/thread (independent) or more
(collective)

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28 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to develop Grid Portal was successfully executed.

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29 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid portal and implement it with and
without GRAM concept
Application:
? It is useful and necessary for interfaces for the performance of operations on the Grid. The Grid

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Portal Development Kit (GPDK) facilitates the development of Grid portals and provides several key
reusable components for accessing various Grid services.
? A Grid Portal provides a customizable interface allowing scientists to perform a variety of Grid
operations including remote program submission, file staging, and querying of information services
from a single, secure gateway.

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? The Grid Portal Development Kit leverages off existing Globus/Grid middleware infrastructure as
well as commodity web technology including Java Server Pages and servlets .

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1) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?
2) What are the major goals of OGSA?
3) What are the more specific goals of OGSA?
4) What are the main purposes of use case defined by OGSA?
5) Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?

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6) What are the layers available in OGSA architectural organizations?
7) What are the OGSA basic services?
8) What are the two aspects involved in GRAM?
9) What are the two kinds of lifecycle model associated with state data recovery?
10) What is a GT3 core?

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11) What are the major components of default server side framework?
12) What is Grid container?
13) What are the two levels of security available in GT3?
14) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?
15) What are the two different message-level authentication mechanisms provided by GT3 framework?

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16) What are the most common GT3 security handlers?
Viva-voce


30 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO CLOUD COMPUTING

What is cloud computing?
Cloud computing means that instead of all the computer hardware and software you're using sitting on your

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desktop, or somewhere inside your company's network, it's provided for you as a service by another company and
accessed over the Internet, usually in a completely seamless way. Exactly where the hardware and software is
located and how it all works doesn't matter to you, the user?it's just somewhere up in the nebulous "cloud" that the
Internet represents.
Cloud computing is a buzzword that means different things to different people. For some, it's just another way of

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describing IT (information technology) "outsourcing"; others use it to mean any computing service provided over the
Internet or a similar network; and some define it as any bought-in computer service you use that sits outside your
firewall.
Types of cloud computing
IT people talk about three different kinds of cloud computing, where different services are being provided for you.

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Note that there's a certain amount of vagueness about how these things are defined and some overlap between
them.
? Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) means you're buying access to raw computing hardware over the Net,
such as servers or storage. Since you buy what you need and pay-as-you-go, this is often referred to as
utility computing. Ordinary web hosting is a simple example of IaaS: you pay a monthly subscription or a

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per-megabyte/gigabyte fee to have a hosting company serve up files for your website from their servers.
? Software as a Service (SaaS) means you use a complete application running on someone else's system.
Web-based email and Google Documents are perhaps the best-known examples. Zoho is another well-
known SaaS provider offering a variety of office applications online.
? Platform as a Service (PaaS) means you develop applications using Web-based tools so they run on

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systems software and hardware provided by another company. So, for example, you might develop your
own ecommerce website but have the whole thing, including the shopping cart, checkout, and payment
mechanism running on a merchant's server. App Cloud (from salesforce.com) and the Google App Engine
are examples of PaaS.
Advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing

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Advantages
The pros of cloud computing are obvious and compelling. If your business is selling books or repairing shoes,
why get involved in the nitty gritty of buying and maintaining a complex computer system? If you run an insurance
office, do you really want your sales agents wasting time running anti-virus software, upgrading word-processors, or
worrying about hard-drive crashes? Do you really want them cluttering your expensive computers with their personal

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31 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

emails, illegally shared MP3 files, and naughty YouTube videos?when you could leave that responsibility to

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someone else? Cloud computing allows you to buy in only the services you want, when you want them, cutting the
upfront capital costs of computers and peripherals. You avoid equipment going out of date and other familiar IT
problems like ensuring system security and reliability. You can add extra services (or take them away) at a moment's
notice as your business needs change. It's really quick and easy to add new applications or services to your
business without waiting weeks or months for the new computer (and its software) to arrive.

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Drawbacks
Instant convenience comes at a price. Instead of purchasing computers and software, cloud computing means you
buy services, so one-off, upfront capital costs become ongoing operating costs instead. That might work out much
more expensive in the long-term.
If you're using software as a service (for example, writing a report using an online word processor or sending emails

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through webmail), you need a reliable, high-speed, broadband Internet connection functioning the whole time you're
working. That's something we take for granted in countries such as the United States, but it's much more of an issue
in developing countries or rural areas where broadband is unavailable.
An Introduction to Cloud Computing with OpenNebula
An OpenNebula Private Cloud provides infrastructure users with an elastic platform for fast delivery and scalability of

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services to meet dynamic demands of service end-users. Services are hosted in VMs, and then submitted,
monitored and controlled in the Cloud by using Sunstone or any of the OpenNebula interfaces:
? Command Line Interface (CLI)
? XML-RPC API
? OpenNebulaRuby and Java Cloud APIs

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The aim of a Private Cloud is not to expose to the world a cloud interface to sell capacity over the Internet, but to
provide local cloud users and administrators with a flexible and agile private infrastructure to run virtualized service
workloads within the administrative domain. OpenNebula virtual infrastructure interfaces expose user and
administrator functionality for virtualization, networking, image and physical resource configuration, management,
monitoring and accounting.

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FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

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0 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

College o f Engineering

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?



DEPARTMENT OF

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COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
VII SEMESTER - R 2013

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Name : ______________________________________
Reg. No. : ______________________________________
Section : ______________________________________

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LABORATORY MANUAL


1 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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DHANALAKSHMI


is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and enterprising
professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and training.

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? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic Excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart and

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soul

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

To strive for acquiring, applying and imparting knowledge in Computer Science and Engineering through quality

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education and to provide enthusiastic professionals with commitment


? To produce highly competent and globally employable engineers in the field of Computer Science and
Engineering

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? To inculcate human values among the student community and make them realize their commitment to the society
? To exhibit excellence in pursuit of research and innovative products with a zeal to serve the society


VISION

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VISION
MISSION
MISSION

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2 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)
1. Fundamentals
To provide students with a solid foundation in Mathematics, Science and fundamentals of engineering, enabling

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them to apply, to find solutions for engineering problems and use this knowledge to acquire higher education
2. Core Competence
To train the students in Computer science and engineering technologies so that they apply their knowledge and
training to compare, and to analyze various engineering industrial problems to find solutions
3. Breadth

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To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice this enables them to
find solutions for the real time problems in industry, and to design products
4. Professionalism
To inculcate professional and effective communication skills, leadership qualities and team spirit in the students
to make them multi-faceted personalities and develop their ability to relate engineering issues to broader social

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context
5. Lifelong Learning/Ethics
To demonstrate and practice ethical and professional responsibilities in the industry and society in the large,
through commitment and lifelong learning needed for successful professional career

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4

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PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)
a) To demonstrate and apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Electronics and Communication Engineering field
b) To design a component, a system or a process to meet the specific needs within the realistic constraints
such as economics, environment, ethics, health, safety and manufacturability

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c) To demonstrate the competency to use software tools for computation, simulation and testing of electronics and
communication engineering circuits
d) To identify, formulate and solve electronic and communication engineering problems
e) To demonstrate an ability to visualize and work on laboratory and multidisciplinary tasks
f) To function as a member or a leader in multidisciplinary activities

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g) To communicate in verbal and written form with fellow engineers and society at large
h) To understand the impact of Electronics and Communication Engineering in the society and demonstrate awareness
of contemporary issues and commitment to give solutions exhibiting social responsibility
i) To demonstrate professional & ethical responsibilities
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning

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k) To participate and succeed in competitive exams

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5 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

SYLLABUS

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Learn the working of ARM processor
Understand the Building Blocks of Embedded Systems
Learn the concept of memory map and memory interface
Know the characteristics of Real Time Systems
Write programs to interface memory, I/Os with processor

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Study the interrupt performance
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
GRID COMPUTING LAB
Use Globus Toolkit or equivalent and do the following:
1. Develop a new Web Service for Calculator.

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2. Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service.
3. Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service.
4. Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs
5. Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus Toolkit.
6. Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it with and without

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GRAM concept.

CLOUD COMPUTING LAB
Use Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent to set up the cloud and demonstrate.
1. Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines

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COURSE OBJECTIVES


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can be utilized at particular time.
2. Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even
after the release of the virtual machine.
3. Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program.
4. Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other.

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5. Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it.
6. Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster.
7. Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE.
8. Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it.
9. Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits.

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid.
? Design and Implement applications on the Cloud.
? Design network objects by applying the networking concepts.
? Create virtualization concept.
? Design web based applications.

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? Apply cloud tools for resource allocation.
? Apply grid tools for network translation.
? Design private cloud using open stack.
COURSE OUTCOMES

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7


CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
CONTENTS

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Sl. No. Name of the Experiment Page No.
CYCLE 1 ? EXPERIMENTS ( GRID COMPUTING)
1
Develop a new Web Service for Calculator 7
2

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Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service 16
3
Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service 19
4
Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs 22

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5
Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus
Toolkit
25
6

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Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it
with and without GRAM concept
27
CYCLE 2 ? EXPERIMENTS (CLOUD COMPUTING)
1

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Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how
many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
34
2
Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it

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holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
36
3 Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program 39
4
Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to

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the other
42
5 Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it 45
6 Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster 47
7 Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE

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ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS
1 Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it 52
2 Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks 55

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8 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO GRID COMPUTING


GRID TECHNOLOGY

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? Flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and
resource
? Grid architecture
? Defined using services and protocols
? Using the ?sand hourglass? model similar to the TCP/IP protocol stack

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"A computational grid is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides dependable, consistent, pervasive and
inexpensive access to high-end computational capabilities."
Grid computing makes it possible to dynamically share and coordinate dispersed, heterogeneous computing
resources. Flexibility and ubiquity are essential characteristics of Web services technologies such as WSDL (Web

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Services Description Language), SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), and UDDI (Universal Description,
Discovery, and Integration).
The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) combines technologies to unlock and exploit grid-attached resources.
OGSA defines mechanisms to create, manage, and exchange information between Grid Services, a special type of
Web service. The architecture uses WSDL extensively to describe the structure and behavior of a service. Service

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descriptions are located and discovered using Web Services Inspection Language (WSIL). By combining elements
from grid computing and Web services technologies, OGSA establishes an extensible and interoperable design and
development framework for Grid Services that includes details for service definition, discovery, and life-cycle
management.

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9 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


GLOBUS TOOLKIT

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The Globus Toolkit provides software tools to make it easier to build computational grids and grid-based
applications. The Globus Toolkit is both an open architecture and open source toolkit.

? The Globus Toolkit is a product of the Globus Alliance (http://www.globus.org)

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? It is middleware for developing grids
? The current release is 6.0.
? Four key protocols and APIs
? Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI)
? Grid Resource Allocation & Mgmt (GRAM)

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? Grid Resource Information Protocol (GRIP) and Index Information Protocol (GIIP)
? Grid File Transfer Protocol (GridFTP)
? Implementations on many platforms
? Resources, security systems, data models,
? Various collective layer protocols & tools

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? Info services, replica management, etc.
? A basis for many Grid-enabled tools & apps
FTP, SSH, Condor, SRB, MPI, EDG, GridPort,
GLOBUS TOOLKIT? COMPONENTS
? Security

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? GSI ? Grid Security Infrastructure
? Resource Management
? GRAM ? Grid Resource Allocation Manager
o globusrun
o RSL

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o gatekeeper
o job manager
o DUROC ? Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator
? Information Services
? MDS ? Monitoring and Discovery Service

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10 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

o GRIS ? Grid Resource Information Service

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o GIIS ? Grid Index Information Service
o MDS Client
? Data Management
o GridFTP, GASS
The Globus Toolkit latest version 6.0 includes:

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GSI: security
GridFTP: file transfer
GRAM: job execution/resource management
MyProxy: credential repository/certificate authority
GSI-OpenSSH: GSI secure single sign-on remote shell

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11 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

GLOBUS TOOLKIT INSTALLATION PROCEDURE

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Step1: For installing Globus Toolkit nothing more easy than download the latest package:
http://toolkit.globus.org/ftppub/gt6/installers/repo/globus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
sudodpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Step2: Update the repositories: sudo apt-get update
Step3: To install Debian or Ubuntu package, download the globus-toolkit-repo package

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from the link above and install it with the command:
root@sysa63:/home/#dpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Do the following for Debian-based systems:
root@sysa63:/home/#apt-get install globus-data-management-client

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12 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 01: DEVELOP A NEW WEB SERVICE FOR CALCULATOR

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Aim:
Develop a Web Service for new Calculator
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Our first web service is an extremely simple Math Web Service, which we'll refer to asMathService. It will
2. allow users to perform the following operations:
a. Addition

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b. Subtraction
3. Furthermore, MathService will have the following resource properties (RPs for short):
a. Value (integer)
b. Last operation performed (string)
4. We will also add a "Get Value" operation to access the Value RP. Once a new resource is created, the

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"value" RP is initialized to zero, and the "last operation" RP is initialized to "NONE". The parameter is
added/subtracted to the "value" RP, and the "last operation" RP is changed to "ADDITION" or
"SUBTRACTION" accordingly. Also, the addition and subtraction operations don't return anything.
5. Writing and deploying a WSRF Web Service is easier than you might think. You just have to follow five
simple steps.

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6. Define the service's interface. This is done with WSDL
7. Implement the service. This is done with Java.
8. Define the deployment parameters. This is done with WSDD and JNDI
9. Compile everything and generate a GAR file. This is done with Ant
10. Deploy service. This is also done with a GT4 tool

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Sample Code:

_instance"
xmlns ="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"

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xmlns:tns="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/examples/core/MathService_instance"
xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsrp="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-
ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.xsd" xmlns:wsrpw="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-

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13 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.wsdl"
xmlns:wsdlpp="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/2004/10/WSDLPreprocessor"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">

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Result:
Thus the program for developing web service for new calculator was successfully executed.

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14 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid by using Web Service for new Calculator
Applications:

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To make a calculator in Windows application using web service


1) What is Web Service?
2) What are the advantages of web services?

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3) What are the different types of web services?
4) What is SOAP?
5) What are the advantages of SOAP web services?
6) What are the disadvantages of SOAP web services?
7) What is WSDL?

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8) What is UDDI?
9) What are RESTful web services?
10) What are the advantages of RESTful web services?
11) What is the difference between SOAP and REST web services?
12) What is SOA service architecture?

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13) What tools are used to deploy web services?
14) What is Web Service architecture?
15) What are the advantages of web services in globus toolkit?
16) What are the different types of web services?
17) What is SOAP web services?

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18) What is UDP and TCP?
19) What is stateless SOA?
20) What is data balancing in WSDL?
Viva-voce

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15 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 02: DEVELOP NEW OGSA-COMPLIANT WEB SERVICE

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Aim:
To develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid Service using .NET language.
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

1. Developed by the Global Grid Forum
2. Aims to define a common, standard, open architecture for Grid Applications.

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3. Defines a set of rules that make up a grid service.
4. Sharing and Coordinated use of diverse resources in Dynamic VO's

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Result:
Thus the program for developing OGSA- Complaint web service was successfully executed.


16 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid

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Service using .NET language
Applications:
? Sharing of information among diverse components of large heterogenous grid systems
? WAN

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1. How would you decide what style of Web Service to use? SOAP WS or REST?
2. Does the service expose data or business logic?
3. Do consumers and the service providers require a formal contract?

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4. Do we need to support multiple data formats?
5. Do we need to make AJAX calls?
6. Is the call synchronous or asynchronous?
7. What level of security is required?
8. What level of transaction support is required?

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9. Do we have limited band width?
10. What tools do you use to test your Web Services?
11. What is the difference between SOA and a Web service?
12. What is a microservice architecture (aka MSA)?
13. What is data integrity?

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14. What is cloud infrastructure?


Viva-voce

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17 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 03: USING APACHE AXIS DEVELOP A GRID SERVICE

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Aim:
To develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Creating the New Level in the Package
2. Edit the Configuration Files
3. Modify the Service Code

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4. Modify the Client
5. Compile and Deploy
6. Starting the Container
7. Compile the Client
8. Run the Client

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18 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:
Addition was successful
Subtraction was successful
Multiplication was successful

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Division was successful
Current value: 20.

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Result:
Thus the program for Grid Service using Apache Axis was successfully executed.

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19 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Applications:
? To create web service in Java
? To work with Globus Tool kit standards web service

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1. What are the different application integration styles?
2. What is Grid Computing?
3. What is QOS?

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4. What are the derivatives of grid computing?
5. What are the features of data grids?
6. What is load balancing?
7. What is grid infrastructure?
8. Define ? Distributed Computing.

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9. Define ? OSGI.
10. Define ? OSGA.
11. What is the use of API?s in cloud services?
12. What is the difference between cloud and grid?
13. What is data communication?

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14. What are the elements of data communication?

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Viva-voce


20 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 04: DEVELOP APPLICATIONS USING JAVA OR C/C++ GRID
APIS
Aim:
To develop an application in Java using Grid APIs

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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1. Import all the necessary java packages and name the file as GridLayoutDemo.java
2. Set up components to preferred size
3. Add buttons to experiment with Grid Layout
4. Add controls to set up horizontal and vertical gaps
5. Process the Apply gaps button press

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6. Create the GUI
7. Create and set up the window,Set up the content pane and Display the Window
8. Schedule a job for the event dispatch thread
9. Show the application's GUI

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21 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:

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Figure 1: Horizontal, Left-to-Right Figure 2: Horizontal, Right-to-Left

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Result:
Thus the program to develop an application in java using Grid APIs was successfully executed.

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22 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Applications:
Used for defining a application programme interface for common distributes computing functionality

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1) Describe the two most important advantages of using Distributed/Grid Computing.
2) What is the main function of DNS?
3) Briefly outline two applications of Public Key systems.
4) Provide one major difference between synchronous and asynchronous communication.

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5) Provide one major difference between ASCII and Unicode encodings.
6) Provide two major differences between sequential computing and parallel computing.
7) Write the any three Grid Applications.
8) Give the examples of Hardware service provider.
9) Give the example of software application ASP.

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10) What are grid portals? Give example.
11) What are the high level services including in existing globus tool kit?
12) Name the components available in Nimrod architecture?
13) What are the major objectives of Euro grid project?
14) What is the application specific work packages identified for the Euro grid?

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15) Define dynamic accounting system.

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Viva-voce


23 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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EX.NO. 05: DEVELOP SECURED APPLICATIONS USING BASIC
SECURITY MECHANISMS AVAILABLE IN GLOBUS TOOLKIT.
Aim:
To develop a secured applications using a basic security mechanisms available in Globus toolkit
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
The Globus Toolkit incorporates multiple security components that establish the identity of users or services

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(authentication), protect communications, and determine who is allowed to perform what actions (authorization), as
well as manage user credentials.
? GSI C: The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and
certificate management.
? MyProxy: MyProxy is open source software for managing X.509 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) security

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credentials (certificates and private keys).
? GSI-OpenSSH: GSI-OpenSSH is a modified version of OpenSSH that adds support for X.509 proxy
certificate authentication and delegation, providing a single sign-on remote login and file transfer service.
The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and certificate
management. The authentication API is built using Public KeyInfrastructure (PKI) technologies, e.g. X.509

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Certificates and TLS. In addition to authentication it features a delegation mechanism based upon X.509 Proxy
Certificates. Authorization support takes the form of a couple of APIs. The first provides a generic authorization API
that allows callouts to perform access control based on the client's credentials (i.e. the X.509 certificate chain). The
second provides a simple access control list that maps authorized remote entities to local (system) user names. The
second mechanism also provides callouts that allow third parties to override the default behavior and is currently

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used in the Gatekeeper and GridFTP servers. In addition to the above there are various lower level APIs and tools
for managing, discovering and querying certificates.
Components for Grid Security
1. Basic Security Mechanisms
2. Components for Credential Generation

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3. Components for Credential Management


24 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Beyond verifying the identities of users and services, basic Grid security mechanisms leave access control decisions
to services. The Grid community has developed authorization and access control tools for storing and providing
access to system-wide authorization information and for creating a central data store for supporting decentralized
control mechanisms.
Basic Security Mechanisms

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? Pre-Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A non-Web services implementation of the Grid
Security Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI
mechanisms
? Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A Web services implementation of the Grid Security
Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI mechanisms

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Result:
Thus the program to develop a security application available in Globus toolkit was successfully executed.
Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a secured applications using a basic security
mechanisms available in Globus toolkit

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25 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Applications:
To provide easy acces to best breed open source network security

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1. What are the collective services available in grid computing?
2. What are the basic principles of autonomous computing?
3. What are the four essential characteristics of on demand business?
4. What are the essential capabilities provided by on demand business?

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5. What are the two most important technologies for building semantic webs?
6. Define Peer to Peer computing?
7. What is the combination of Globus GT3 toolkit?
8. What is a GT3 core?
9. What are the components available in service model?

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10. Define WS-Trust
11. Define WS ?Federation
12. Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
13. Who are the actors in CDC?
14. Mention the scenarios in CDC?

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15. What are the functional requirements of CDC on OGSA?

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Viva-voce


26 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 06: DEVELOP A GRID PORTAL, WHERE USER CAN SUBMIT
A JOB AND GET THE RESULT, IMPLEMENT IT WITH AND WITHOUT
GRAM CONCEPT.
Aim:
To develop a Grid portal and implement it with and without GRAM concept

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
Multiple times that the likely user interface to grid applications will be through portals, specifically Web portals. A grid
portal may be constructed as a Web page interface to provide easy access to grid applications. The Web user
interface provides user authentication, job submission, job monitoring, and results of the job.
Globus Resource Allocation Manager (GRAM)

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When a job is submitted by a client, the request is sent to the remote host and handled by a gatekeeper daemon.
The gatekeeper creates a job manager to start and monitor the job. When the job is finished, the job manager
sends the status information back to the client and terminates.
The GRAM subsystem consists of the following elements:
? The globusrun command and associated APIs Resource Specification Language (RSL)

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? The gatekeeper daemon The job manager Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator (DUROC)
Each of these elements are described briefly below.
The globusrun command
The globusrun command (or its equivalent API) submits a job to a resource within the grid. This command
is typically passed an RSL string (see below) that specifies parameters and other properties required to successfully

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launch and run the job


27 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Resource Specification Language (RSL)
RSL is a language used by clients to specify the job to be run. All job submission requests are described in an RSL
string that includes information such as the executable file; its parameters; information about redirection of stdin,
stdout, and stderr; and so on. Basically it provides a standard way of specifying all of the information required to
execute a job, independent of the target environment. It is then the responsibility of the job manager on the target

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system to parse the information and launch the job in the appropriate way.
The syntax of RSL is very straightforward. Each statement is enclosed within parenthesis. Comments are
designated with parenthesis and asterisks, for example, (* this is a comment *). Supported attributes include the
following:
rsl_substitution: Defines variables

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executable: The script or command to be run
arguments: Information or flags to be passed to the executable
stdin: Specifies the remote URL and local file used for the executable stdout: Specifies the remote file to place
standard output from the job stderr: Specifies the remote file to place standard error from the job queue: Specifies the
queue to submit the job (requires a scheduler) count: Specifies the number of executions

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directory: Specifies the directory to run the job
project: Specifies a project account for the job (requires a scheduler) dryRun: Verifies the RSL string but
does not run the job
maxMemory: Specifies the maximum amount of memory in MBs required for the job
minMemory: Specifies the minimum amount of memory in MBs required for the job

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hostCount: Specifies the number of nodes in a cluster required for the job environment: Specifies environment
variables that are required for the job
jobType: Specifies the type of job single process, multi-process, mpi, or condor
maxTime: Specifies the maximum execution wall or cpu time for one execution
maxWallTime: Specifies the maximum walltime for one execution maxCpuTime: Specifies the maximum

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cpu time for one execution
gramMyjob: Specifies the whether the gram myjob interface starts one process/thread (independent) or more
(collective)

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28 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to develop Grid Portal was successfully executed.

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29 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid portal and implement it with and
without GRAM concept
Application:
? It is useful and necessary for interfaces for the performance of operations on the Grid. The Grid

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Portal Development Kit (GPDK) facilitates the development of Grid portals and provides several key
reusable components for accessing various Grid services.
? A Grid Portal provides a customizable interface allowing scientists to perform a variety of Grid
operations including remote program submission, file staging, and querying of information services
from a single, secure gateway.

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? The Grid Portal Development Kit leverages off existing Globus/Grid middleware infrastructure as
well as commodity web technology including Java Server Pages and servlets .

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1) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?
2) What are the major goals of OGSA?
3) What are the more specific goals of OGSA?
4) What are the main purposes of use case defined by OGSA?
5) Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?

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6) What are the layers available in OGSA architectural organizations?
7) What are the OGSA basic services?
8) What are the two aspects involved in GRAM?
9) What are the two kinds of lifecycle model associated with state data recovery?
10) What is a GT3 core?

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11) What are the major components of default server side framework?
12) What is Grid container?
13) What are the two levels of security available in GT3?
14) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?
15) What are the two different message-level authentication mechanisms provided by GT3 framework?

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16) What are the most common GT3 security handlers?
Viva-voce


30 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO CLOUD COMPUTING

What is cloud computing?
Cloud computing means that instead of all the computer hardware and software you're using sitting on your

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desktop, or somewhere inside your company's network, it's provided for you as a service by another company and
accessed over the Internet, usually in a completely seamless way. Exactly where the hardware and software is
located and how it all works doesn't matter to you, the user?it's just somewhere up in the nebulous "cloud" that the
Internet represents.
Cloud computing is a buzzword that means different things to different people. For some, it's just another way of

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describing IT (information technology) "outsourcing"; others use it to mean any computing service provided over the
Internet or a similar network; and some define it as any bought-in computer service you use that sits outside your
firewall.
Types of cloud computing
IT people talk about three different kinds of cloud computing, where different services are being provided for you.

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Note that there's a certain amount of vagueness about how these things are defined and some overlap between
them.
? Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) means you're buying access to raw computing hardware over the Net,
such as servers or storage. Since you buy what you need and pay-as-you-go, this is often referred to as
utility computing. Ordinary web hosting is a simple example of IaaS: you pay a monthly subscription or a

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per-megabyte/gigabyte fee to have a hosting company serve up files for your website from their servers.
? Software as a Service (SaaS) means you use a complete application running on someone else's system.
Web-based email and Google Documents are perhaps the best-known examples. Zoho is another well-
known SaaS provider offering a variety of office applications online.
? Platform as a Service (PaaS) means you develop applications using Web-based tools so they run on

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systems software and hardware provided by another company. So, for example, you might develop your
own ecommerce website but have the whole thing, including the shopping cart, checkout, and payment
mechanism running on a merchant's server. App Cloud (from salesforce.com) and the Google App Engine
are examples of PaaS.
Advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing

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Advantages
The pros of cloud computing are obvious and compelling. If your business is selling books or repairing shoes,
why get involved in the nitty gritty of buying and maintaining a complex computer system? If you run an insurance
office, do you really want your sales agents wasting time running anti-virus software, upgrading word-processors, or
worrying about hard-drive crashes? Do you really want them cluttering your expensive computers with their personal

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31 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

emails, illegally shared MP3 files, and naughty YouTube videos?when you could leave that responsibility to

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someone else? Cloud computing allows you to buy in only the services you want, when you want them, cutting the
upfront capital costs of computers and peripherals. You avoid equipment going out of date and other familiar IT
problems like ensuring system security and reliability. You can add extra services (or take them away) at a moment's
notice as your business needs change. It's really quick and easy to add new applications or services to your
business without waiting weeks or months for the new computer (and its software) to arrive.

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Drawbacks
Instant convenience comes at a price. Instead of purchasing computers and software, cloud computing means you
buy services, so one-off, upfront capital costs become ongoing operating costs instead. That might work out much
more expensive in the long-term.
If you're using software as a service (for example, writing a report using an online word processor or sending emails

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through webmail), you need a reliable, high-speed, broadband Internet connection functioning the whole time you're
working. That's something we take for granted in countries such as the United States, but it's much more of an issue
in developing countries or rural areas where broadband is unavailable.
An Introduction to Cloud Computing with OpenNebula
An OpenNebula Private Cloud provides infrastructure users with an elastic platform for fast delivery and scalability of

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services to meet dynamic demands of service end-users. Services are hosted in VMs, and then submitted,
monitored and controlled in the Cloud by using Sunstone or any of the OpenNebula interfaces:
? Command Line Interface (CLI)
? XML-RPC API
? OpenNebulaRuby and Java Cloud APIs

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The aim of a Private Cloud is not to expose to the world a cloud interface to sell capacity over the Internet, but to
provide local cloud users and administrators with a flexible and agile private infrastructure to run virtualized service
workloads within the administrative domain. OpenNebula virtual infrastructure interfaces expose user and
administrator functionality for virtualization, networking, image and physical resource configuration, management,
monitoring and accounting.

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32 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


Expt.No.1: FIND PROCEDURE TO RUN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE OF

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DIFFERENT CONFIGURATION. CHECK HOW MANY VIRTUAL
MACHINES CAN BE UTILIZED AT PARTICULAR TIME.

Aim:
To Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be

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utilized at particular time
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:

Creating Virtual Machines
In OpenNebula the Virtual Machines are defined with Template files. The Template Repository system allows
OpenNebula administrators and users to register Virtual Machine definitions in the system, to be instantiated later as

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Virtual Machine instances. These Templates can be instantiated several times, and also shared with other users.
Virtual Machine Model
A Virtual Machine within the OpenNebula system consists of:
? A capacity in terms memory and CPU
? A set of NICs attached to one or more virtual networks

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? A set of disk images
? A state file (optional) or recovery file, that contains the memory image of a running VM plus some hypervisor
specific information.
The above items, plus some additional VM attributes like the OS kernel and context information to be used inside the
VM, are specified in a template file.

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Defining a VM in 3 Steps
Virtual Machines are defined in an OpenNebula Template. Templates are stored in a repository to easily browse and
instantiate VMs from them. To create a new Template you have to define 3 things
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

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0 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

College o f Engineering
?

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DEPARTMENT OF
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

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CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
VII SEMESTER - R 2013

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Name : ______________________________________
Reg. No. : ______________________________________
Section : ______________________________________
LABORATORY MANUAL

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1 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

DHANALAKSHMI

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is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and enterprising
professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and training.

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? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic Excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart and
soul

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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

To strive for acquiring, applying and imparting knowledge in Computer Science and Engineering through quality
education and to provide enthusiastic professionals with commitment

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? To produce highly competent and globally employable engineers in the field of Computer Science and
Engineering
? To inculcate human values among the student community and make them realize their commitment to the society

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? To exhibit excellence in pursuit of research and innovative products with a zeal to serve the society


VISION
VISION

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MISSION
MISSION


2 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)
1. Fundamentals
To provide students with a solid foundation in Mathematics, Science and fundamentals of engineering, enabling
them to apply, to find solutions for engineering problems and use this knowledge to acquire higher education

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2. Core Competence
To train the students in Computer science and engineering technologies so that they apply their knowledge and
training to compare, and to analyze various engineering industrial problems to find solutions
3. Breadth
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice this enables them to

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find solutions for the real time problems in industry, and to design products
4. Professionalism
To inculcate professional and effective communication skills, leadership qualities and team spirit in the students
to make them multi-faceted personalities and develop their ability to relate engineering issues to broader social
context

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5. Lifelong Learning/Ethics
To demonstrate and practice ethical and professional responsibilities in the industry and society in the large,
through commitment and lifelong learning needed for successful professional career

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4


PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)

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a) To demonstrate and apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Electronics and Communication Engineering field
b) To design a component, a system or a process to meet the specific needs within the realistic constraints
such as economics, environment, ethics, health, safety and manufacturability
c) To demonstrate the competency to use software tools for computation, simulation and testing of electronics and

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communication engineering circuits
d) To identify, formulate and solve electronic and communication engineering problems
e) To demonstrate an ability to visualize and work on laboratory and multidisciplinary tasks
f) To function as a member or a leader in multidisciplinary activities
g) To communicate in verbal and written form with fellow engineers and society at large

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h) To understand the impact of Electronics and Communication Engineering in the society and demonstrate awareness
of contemporary issues and commitment to give solutions exhibiting social responsibility
i) To demonstrate professional & ethical responsibilities
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To participate and succeed in competitive exams

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5 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

SYLLABUS
Learn the working of ARM processor

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Understand the Building Blocks of Embedded Systems
Learn the concept of memory map and memory interface
Know the characteristics of Real Time Systems
Write programs to interface memory, I/Os with processor
Study the interrupt performance

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LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
GRID COMPUTING LAB
Use Globus Toolkit or equivalent and do the following:
1. Develop a new Web Service for Calculator.
2. Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service.

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3. Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service.
4. Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs
5. Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus Toolkit.
6. Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it with and without
GRAM concept.

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CLOUD COMPUTING LAB
Use Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent to set up the cloud and demonstrate.
1. Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines
COURSE OBJECTIVES

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6 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

can be utilized at particular time.

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2. Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even
after the release of the virtual machine.
3. Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program.
4. Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other.
5. Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it.

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6. Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster.
7. Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE.
8. Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it.
9. Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits.
? Design and implement applications on the Grid.

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? Design and Implement applications on the Cloud.
? Design network objects by applying the networking concepts.
? Create virtualization concept.
? Design web based applications.
? Apply cloud tools for resource allocation.

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? Apply grid tools for network translation.
? Design private cloud using open stack.
COURSE OUTCOMES

7

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CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
CONTENTS
Sl. No. Name of the Experiment Page No.

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CYCLE 1 ? EXPERIMENTS ( GRID COMPUTING)
1
Develop a new Web Service for Calculator 7
2
Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service 16

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3
Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service 19
4
Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs 22
5

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Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus
Toolkit
25
6
Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it

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with and without GRAM concept
27
CYCLE 2 ? EXPERIMENTS (CLOUD COMPUTING)
1
Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how

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many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
34
2
Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it
holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine

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36
3 Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program 39
4
Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to
the other

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42
5 Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it 45
6 Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster 47
7 Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE
ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS

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1 Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it 52
2 Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks 55

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8 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO GRID COMPUTING

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GRID TECHNOLOGY

? Flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and

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resource
? Grid architecture
? Defined using services and protocols
? Using the ?sand hourglass? model similar to the TCP/IP protocol stack

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"A computational grid is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides dependable, consistent, pervasive and
inexpensive access to high-end computational capabilities."
Grid computing makes it possible to dynamically share and coordinate dispersed, heterogeneous computing
resources. Flexibility and ubiquity are essential characteristics of Web services technologies such as WSDL (Web
Services Description Language), SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), and UDDI (Universal Description,

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Discovery, and Integration).
The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) combines technologies to unlock and exploit grid-attached resources.
OGSA defines mechanisms to create, manage, and exchange information between Grid Services, a special type of
Web service. The architecture uses WSDL extensively to describe the structure and behavior of a service. Service
descriptions are located and discovered using Web Services Inspection Language (WSIL). By combining elements

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from grid computing and Web services technologies, OGSA establishes an extensible and interoperable design and
development framework for Grid Services that includes details for service definition, discovery, and life-cycle
management.

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9 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


GLOBUS TOOLKIT

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The Globus Toolkit provides software tools to make it easier to build computational grids and grid-based
applications. The Globus Toolkit is both an open architecture and open source toolkit.

? The Globus Toolkit is a product of the Globus Alliance (http://www.globus.org)
? It is middleware for developing grids

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? The current release is 6.0.
? Four key protocols and APIs
? Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI)
? Grid Resource Allocation & Mgmt (GRAM)
? Grid Resource Information Protocol (GRIP) and Index Information Protocol (GIIP)

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? Grid File Transfer Protocol (GridFTP)
? Implementations on many platforms
? Resources, security systems, data models,
? Various collective layer protocols & tools
? Info services, replica management, etc.

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? A basis for many Grid-enabled tools & apps
FTP, SSH, Condor, SRB, MPI, EDG, GridPort,
GLOBUS TOOLKIT? COMPONENTS
? Security
? GSI ? Grid Security Infrastructure

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? Resource Management
? GRAM ? Grid Resource Allocation Manager
o globusrun
o RSL
o gatekeeper

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o job manager
o DUROC ? Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator
? Information Services
? MDS ? Monitoring and Discovery Service

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10 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

o GRIS ? Grid Resource Information Service
o GIIS ? Grid Index Information Service

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o MDS Client
? Data Management
o GridFTP, GASS
The Globus Toolkit latest version 6.0 includes:
GSI: security

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GridFTP: file transfer
GRAM: job execution/resource management
MyProxy: credential repository/certificate authority
GSI-OpenSSH: GSI secure single sign-on remote shell

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11 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

GLOBUS TOOLKIT INSTALLATION PROCEDURE
Step1: For installing Globus Toolkit nothing more easy than download the latest package:

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http://toolkit.globus.org/ftppub/gt6/installers/repo/globus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
sudodpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Step2: Update the repositories: sudo apt-get update
Step3: To install Debian or Ubuntu package, download the globus-toolkit-repo package
from the link above and install it with the command:

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root@sysa63:/home/#dpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Do the following for Debian-based systems:
root@sysa63:/home/#apt-get install globus-data-management-client

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12 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 01: DEVELOP A NEW WEB SERVICE FOR CALCULATOR

Aim:

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Develop a Web Service for new Calculator
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
1. Our first web service is an extremely simple Math Web Service, which we'll refer to asMathService. It will
2. allow users to perform the following operations:
a. Addition
b. Subtraction

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3. Furthermore, MathService will have the following resource properties (RPs for short):
a. Value (integer)
b. Last operation performed (string)
4. We will also add a "Get Value" operation to access the Value RP. Once a new resource is created, the
"value" RP is initialized to zero, and the "last operation" RP is initialized to "NONE". The parameter is

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added/subtracted to the "value" RP, and the "last operation" RP is changed to "ADDITION" or
"SUBTRACTION" accordingly. Also, the addition and subtraction operations don't return anything.
5. Writing and deploying a WSRF Web Service is easier than you might think. You just have to follow five
simple steps.
6. Define the service's interface. This is done with WSDL

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7. Implement the service. This is done with Java.
8. Define the deployment parameters. This is done with WSDD and JNDI
9. Compile everything and generate a GAR file. This is done with Ant
10. Deploy service. This is also done with a GT4 tool

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Sample Code:

_instance"
xmlns ="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"
xmlns:tns="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/examples/core/MathService_instance"

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xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsrp="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-
ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.xsd" xmlns:wsrpw="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-


13 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.wsdl"
xmlns:wsdlpp="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/2004/10/WSDLPreprocessor"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">

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Result:
Thus the program for developing web service for new calculator was successfully executed.

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14 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid by using Web Service for new Calculator
Applications:
To make a calculator in Windows application using web service

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1) What is Web Service?
2) What are the advantages of web services?
3) What are the different types of web services?

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4) What is SOAP?
5) What are the advantages of SOAP web services?
6) What are the disadvantages of SOAP web services?
7) What is WSDL?
8) What is UDDI?

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9) What are RESTful web services?
10) What are the advantages of RESTful web services?
11) What is the difference between SOAP and REST web services?
12) What is SOA service architecture?
13) What tools are used to deploy web services?

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14) What is Web Service architecture?
15) What are the advantages of web services in globus toolkit?
16) What are the different types of web services?
17) What is SOAP web services?
18) What is UDP and TCP?

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19) What is stateless SOA?
20) What is data balancing in WSDL?
Viva-voce

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15 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 02: DEVELOP NEW OGSA-COMPLIANT WEB SERVICE

Aim:

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To develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid Service using .NET language.
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:

1. Developed by the Global Grid Forum
2. Aims to define a common, standard, open architecture for Grid Applications.
3. Defines a set of rules that make up a grid service.

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4. Sharing and Coordinated use of diverse resources in Dynamic VO's

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Result:

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Thus the program for developing OGSA- Complaint web service was successfully executed.


16 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid
Service using .NET language

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Applications:
? Sharing of information among diverse components of large heterogenous grid systems
? WAN

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1. How would you decide what style of Web Service to use? SOAP WS or REST?
2. Does the service expose data or business logic?
3. Do consumers and the service providers require a formal contract?
4. Do we need to support multiple data formats?

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5. Do we need to make AJAX calls?
6. Is the call synchronous or asynchronous?
7. What level of security is required?
8. What level of transaction support is required?
9. Do we have limited band width?

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10. What tools do you use to test your Web Services?
11. What is the difference between SOA and a Web service?
12. What is a microservice architecture (aka MSA)?
13. What is data integrity?
14. What is cloud infrastructure?

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Viva-voce

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17 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 03: USING APACHE AXIS DEVELOP A GRID SERVICE

Aim:

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To develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
1. Creating the New Level in the Package
2. Edit the Configuration Files
3. Modify the Service Code
4. Modify the Client

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5. Compile and Deploy
6. Starting the Container
7. Compile the Client
8. Run the Client

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18 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:
Addition was successful
Subtraction was successful
Multiplication was successful
Division was successful

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Current value: 20.

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Result:
Thus the program for Grid Service using Apache Axis was successfully executed.

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19 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Applications:
? To create web service in Java
? To work with Globus Tool kit standards web service

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1. What are the different application integration styles?
2. What is Grid Computing?
3. What is QOS?
4. What are the derivatives of grid computing?

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5. What are the features of data grids?
6. What is load balancing?
7. What is grid infrastructure?
8. Define ? Distributed Computing.
9. Define ? OSGI.

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10. Define ? OSGA.
11. What is the use of API?s in cloud services?
12. What is the difference between cloud and grid?
13. What is data communication?
14. What are the elements of data communication?

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Viva-voce


20 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 04: DEVELOP APPLICATIONS USING JAVA OR C/C++ GRID
APIS
Aim:
To develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Import all the necessary java packages and name the file as GridLayoutDemo.java

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2. Set up components to preferred size
3. Add buttons to experiment with Grid Layout
4. Add controls to set up horizontal and vertical gaps
5. Process the Apply gaps button press
6. Create the GUI

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7. Create and set up the window,Set up the content pane and Display the Window
8. Schedule a job for the event dispatch thread
9. Show the application's GUI

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Sample Output:

Figure 1: Horizontal, Left-to-Right Figure 2: Horizontal, Right-to-Left

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Result:
Thus the program to develop an application in java using Grid APIs was successfully executed.


22 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop an application in Java using Grid APIs

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Applications:
Used for defining a application programme interface for common distributes computing functionality

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1) Describe the two most important advantages of using Distributed/Grid Computing.
2) What is the main function of DNS?
3) Briefly outline two applications of Public Key systems.
4) Provide one major difference between synchronous and asynchronous communication.
5) Provide one major difference between ASCII and Unicode encodings.

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6) Provide two major differences between sequential computing and parallel computing.
7) Write the any three Grid Applications.
8) Give the examples of Hardware service provider.
9) Give the example of software application ASP.
10) What are grid portals? Give example.

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11) What are the high level services including in existing globus tool kit?
12) Name the components available in Nimrod architecture?
13) What are the major objectives of Euro grid project?
14) What is the application specific work packages identified for the Euro grid?
15) Define dynamic accounting system.

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Viva-voce

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23 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

EX.NO. 05: DEVELOP SECURED APPLICATIONS USING BASIC

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SECURITY MECHANISMS AVAILABLE IN GLOBUS TOOLKIT.
Aim:
To develop a secured applications using a basic security mechanisms available in Globus toolkit
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
The Globus Toolkit incorporates multiple security components that establish the identity of users or services
(authentication), protect communications, and determine who is allowed to perform what actions (authorization), as

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well as manage user credentials.
? GSI C: The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and
certificate management.
? MyProxy: MyProxy is open source software for managing X.509 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) security
credentials (certificates and private keys).

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? GSI-OpenSSH: GSI-OpenSSH is a modified version of OpenSSH that adds support for X.509 proxy
certificate authentication and delegation, providing a single sign-on remote login and file transfer service.
The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and certificate
management. The authentication API is built using Public KeyInfrastructure (PKI) technologies, e.g. X.509
Certificates and TLS. In addition to authentication it features a delegation mechanism based upon X.509 Proxy

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Certificates. Authorization support takes the form of a couple of APIs. The first provides a generic authorization API
that allows callouts to perform access control based on the client's credentials (i.e. the X.509 certificate chain). The
second provides a simple access control list that maps authorized remote entities to local (system) user names. The
second mechanism also provides callouts that allow third parties to override the default behavior and is currently
used in the Gatekeeper and GridFTP servers. In addition to the above there are various lower level APIs and tools

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for managing, discovering and querying certificates.
Components for Grid Security
1. Basic Security Mechanisms
2. Components for Credential Generation
3. Components for Credential Management

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24 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Beyond verifying the identities of users and services, basic Grid security mechanisms leave access control decisions

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to services. The Grid community has developed authorization and access control tools for storing and providing
access to system-wide authorization information and for creating a central data store for supporting decentralized
control mechanisms.
Basic Security Mechanisms
? Pre-Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A non-Web services implementation of the Grid

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Security Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI
mechanisms
? Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A Web services implementation of the Grid Security
Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI mechanisms

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Result:

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Thus the program to develop a security application available in Globus toolkit was successfully executed.
Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a secured applications using a basic security

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mechanisms available in Globus toolkit



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Applications:
To provide easy acces to best breed open source network security

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1. What are the collective services available in grid computing?
2. What are the basic principles of autonomous computing?
3. What are the four essential characteristics of on demand business?
4. What are the essential capabilities provided by on demand business?
5. What are the two most important technologies for building semantic webs?

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6. Define Peer to Peer computing?
7. What is the combination of Globus GT3 toolkit?
8. What is a GT3 core?
9. What are the components available in service model?
10. Define WS-Trust

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11. Define WS ?Federation
12. Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
13. Who are the actors in CDC?
14. Mention the scenarios in CDC?
15. What are the functional requirements of CDC on OGSA?

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Viva-voce

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26 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 06: DEVELOP A GRID PORTAL, WHERE USER CAN SUBMIT

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A JOB AND GET THE RESULT, IMPLEMENT IT WITH AND WITHOUT
GRAM CONCEPT.
Aim:
To develop a Grid portal and implement it with and without GRAM concept
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

Procedure:

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Multiple times that the likely user interface to grid applications will be through portals, specifically Web portals. A grid
portal may be constructed as a Web page interface to provide easy access to grid applications. The Web user
interface provides user authentication, job submission, job monitoring, and results of the job.
Globus Resource Allocation Manager (GRAM)
When a job is submitted by a client, the request is sent to the remote host and handled by a gatekeeper daemon.

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The gatekeeper creates a job manager to start and monitor the job. When the job is finished, the job manager
sends the status information back to the client and terminates.
The GRAM subsystem consists of the following elements:
? The globusrun command and associated APIs Resource Specification Language (RSL)
? The gatekeeper daemon The job manager Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator (DUROC)

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Each of these elements are described briefly below.
The globusrun command
The globusrun command (or its equivalent API) submits a job to a resource within the grid. This command
is typically passed an RSL string (see below) that specifies parameters and other properties required to successfully
launch and run the job

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27 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Resource Specification Language (RSL)

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RSL is a language used by clients to specify the job to be run. All job submission requests are described in an RSL
string that includes information such as the executable file; its parameters; information about redirection of stdin,
stdout, and stderr; and so on. Basically it provides a standard way of specifying all of the information required to
execute a job, independent of the target environment. It is then the responsibility of the job manager on the target
system to parse the information and launch the job in the appropriate way.

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The syntax of RSL is very straightforward. Each statement is enclosed within parenthesis. Comments are
designated with parenthesis and asterisks, for example, (* this is a comment *). Supported attributes include the
following:
rsl_substitution: Defines variables
executable: The script or command to be run

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arguments: Information or flags to be passed to the executable
stdin: Specifies the remote URL and local file used for the executable stdout: Specifies the remote file to place
standard output from the job stderr: Specifies the remote file to place standard error from the job queue: Specifies the
queue to submit the job (requires a scheduler) count: Specifies the number of executions
directory: Specifies the directory to run the job

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project: Specifies a project account for the job (requires a scheduler) dryRun: Verifies the RSL string but
does not run the job
maxMemory: Specifies the maximum amount of memory in MBs required for the job
minMemory: Specifies the minimum amount of memory in MBs required for the job
hostCount: Specifies the number of nodes in a cluster required for the job environment: Specifies environment

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variables that are required for the job
jobType: Specifies the type of job single process, multi-process, mpi, or condor
maxTime: Specifies the maximum execution wall or cpu time for one execution
maxWallTime: Specifies the maximum walltime for one execution maxCpuTime: Specifies the maximum
cpu time for one execution

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gramMyjob: Specifies the whether the gram myjob interface starts one process/thread (independent) or more
(collective)


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Result:
Thus the program to develop Grid Portal was successfully executed.

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29 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid portal and implement it with and
without GRAM concept
Application:
? It is useful and necessary for interfaces for the performance of operations on the Grid. The Grid
Portal Development Kit (GPDK) facilitates the development of Grid portals and provides several key

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reusable components for accessing various Grid services.
? A Grid Portal provides a customizable interface allowing scientists to perform a variety of Grid
operations including remote program submission, file staging, and querying of information services
from a single, secure gateway.
? The Grid Portal Development Kit leverages off existing Globus/Grid middleware infrastructure as

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well as commodity web technology including Java Server Pages and servlets .



1) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?

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2) What are the major goals of OGSA?
3) What are the more specific goals of OGSA?
4) What are the main purposes of use case defined by OGSA?
5) Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
6) What are the layers available in OGSA architectural organizations?

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7) What are the OGSA basic services?
8) What are the two aspects involved in GRAM?
9) What are the two kinds of lifecycle model associated with state data recovery?
10) What is a GT3 core?
11) What are the major components of default server side framework?

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12) What is Grid container?
13) What are the two levels of security available in GT3?
14) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?
15) What are the two different message-level authentication mechanisms provided by GT3 framework?
16) What are the most common GT3 security handlers?

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Viva-voce


30 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO CLOUD COMPUTING

What is cloud computing?
Cloud computing means that instead of all the computer hardware and software you're using sitting on your
desktop, or somewhere inside your company's network, it's provided for you as a service by another company and

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accessed over the Internet, usually in a completely seamless way. Exactly where the hardware and software is
located and how it all works doesn't matter to you, the user?it's just somewhere up in the nebulous "cloud" that the
Internet represents.
Cloud computing is a buzzword that means different things to different people. For some, it's just another way of
describing IT (information technology) "outsourcing"; others use it to mean any computing service provided over the

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Internet or a similar network; and some define it as any bought-in computer service you use that sits outside your
firewall.
Types of cloud computing
IT people talk about three different kinds of cloud computing, where different services are being provided for you.
Note that there's a certain amount of vagueness about how these things are defined and some overlap between

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them.
? Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) means you're buying access to raw computing hardware over the Net,
such as servers or storage. Since you buy what you need and pay-as-you-go, this is often referred to as
utility computing. Ordinary web hosting is a simple example of IaaS: you pay a monthly subscription or a
per-megabyte/gigabyte fee to have a hosting company serve up files for your website from their servers.

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? Software as a Service (SaaS) means you use a complete application running on someone else's system.
Web-based email and Google Documents are perhaps the best-known examples. Zoho is another well-
known SaaS provider offering a variety of office applications online.
? Platform as a Service (PaaS) means you develop applications using Web-based tools so they run on
systems software and hardware provided by another company. So, for example, you might develop your

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own ecommerce website but have the whole thing, including the shopping cart, checkout, and payment
mechanism running on a merchant's server. App Cloud (from salesforce.com) and the Google App Engine
are examples of PaaS.
Advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing
Advantages

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The pros of cloud computing are obvious and compelling. If your business is selling books or repairing shoes,
why get involved in the nitty gritty of buying and maintaining a complex computer system? If you run an insurance
office, do you really want your sales agents wasting time running anti-virus software, upgrading word-processors, or
worrying about hard-drive crashes? Do you really want them cluttering your expensive computers with their personal

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emails, illegally shared MP3 files, and naughty YouTube videos?when you could leave that responsibility to
someone else? Cloud computing allows you to buy in only the services you want, when you want them, cutting the

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upfront capital costs of computers and peripherals. You avoid equipment going out of date and other familiar IT
problems like ensuring system security and reliability. You can add extra services (or take them away) at a moment's
notice as your business needs change. It's really quick and easy to add new applications or services to your
business without waiting weeks or months for the new computer (and its software) to arrive.
Drawbacks

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Instant convenience comes at a price. Instead of purchasing computers and software, cloud computing means you
buy services, so one-off, upfront capital costs become ongoing operating costs instead. That might work out much
more expensive in the long-term.
If you're using software as a service (for example, writing a report using an online word processor or sending emails
through webmail), you need a reliable, high-speed, broadband Internet connection functioning the whole time you're

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working. That's something we take for granted in countries such as the United States, but it's much more of an issue
in developing countries or rural areas where broadband is unavailable.
An Introduction to Cloud Computing with OpenNebula
An OpenNebula Private Cloud provides infrastructure users with an elastic platform for fast delivery and scalability of
services to meet dynamic demands of service end-users. Services are hosted in VMs, and then submitted,

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monitored and controlled in the Cloud by using Sunstone or any of the OpenNebula interfaces:
? Command Line Interface (CLI)
? XML-RPC API
? OpenNebulaRuby and Java Cloud APIs
The aim of a Private Cloud is not to expose to the world a cloud interface to sell capacity over the Internet, but to

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provide local cloud users and administrators with a flexible and agile private infrastructure to run virtualized service
workloads within the administrative domain. OpenNebula virtual infrastructure interfaces expose user and
administrator functionality for virtualization, networking, image and physical resource configuration, management,
monitoring and accounting.

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32 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


Expt.No.1: FIND PROCEDURE TO RUN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE OF
DIFFERENT CONFIGURATION. CHECK HOW MANY VIRTUAL

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MACHINES CAN BE UTILIZED AT PARTICULAR TIME.

Aim:
To Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be
utilized at particular time

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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Creating Virtual Machines
In OpenNebula the Virtual Machines are defined with Template files. The Template Repository system allows
OpenNebula administrators and users to register Virtual Machine definitions in the system, to be instantiated later as
Virtual Machine instances. These Templates can be instantiated several times, and also shared with other users.

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Virtual Machine Model
A Virtual Machine within the OpenNebula system consists of:
? A capacity in terms memory and CPU
? A set of NICs attached to one or more virtual networks
? A set of disk images

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? A state file (optional) or recovery file, that contains the memory image of a running VM plus some hypervisor
specific information.
The above items, plus some additional VM attributes like the OS kernel and context information to be used inside the
VM, are specified in a template file.
Defining a VM in 3 Steps

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Virtual Machines are defined in an OpenNebula Template. Templates are stored in a repository to easily browse and
instantiate VMs from them. To create a new Template you have to define 3 things


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? Capacity & Name, how big will the VM be?
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
NAME Name that the VM will get for description purposes. Yes one-
MEMORY Amount of RAM required for the VM, in Megabytes. Yes

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CPU CPU ratio (e..g half a physical CPU is 0.5). Yes
VCPU Number of virtual cpus. No 1
Disks. Each disk is defined with a DISK attribute. A VM can use three types of disk:
? Use a persistent Image changes to the disk image will persist after the VM is shutdown.
? Use a non-persistent Image images are cloned, changes to the image will be lost.

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? Volatile disks are created on the fly on the target host. After the VM is shutdown the disk is disposed.

Persistent and Clone Disks
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
IMAGE_ID and IMAGE The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes

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IMAGE_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No self
IMAGE_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No self
Volatile
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
TYPE

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Type of the disk: swap, fs. swap type will set the label to swap so it is
easier to mount and the context packages will automatically mount it.
Yes
SIZE size in MB Yes
FORMAT

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filesystem for fs images: ext2, ext3, etc. raw will not format the image. For
VMs to run on vmfs or vmwareshared configurations, the valid values are:
Yes
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

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0 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

College o f Engineering
?

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DEPARTMENT OF
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

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CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
VII SEMESTER - R 2013

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Name : ______________________________________
Reg. No. : ______________________________________
Section : ______________________________________
LABORATORY MANUAL

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1 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

DHANALAKSHMI

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is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and enterprising
professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and training.

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? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic Excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart and
soul

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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

To strive for acquiring, applying and imparting knowledge in Computer Science and Engineering through quality
education and to provide enthusiastic professionals with commitment

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? To produce highly competent and globally employable engineers in the field of Computer Science and
Engineering
? To inculcate human values among the student community and make them realize their commitment to the society

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? To exhibit excellence in pursuit of research and innovative products with a zeal to serve the society


VISION
VISION

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MISSION
MISSION


2 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)
1. Fundamentals
To provide students with a solid foundation in Mathematics, Science and fundamentals of engineering, enabling
them to apply, to find solutions for engineering problems and use this knowledge to acquire higher education

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2. Core Competence
To train the students in Computer science and engineering technologies so that they apply their knowledge and
training to compare, and to analyze various engineering industrial problems to find solutions
3. Breadth
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice this enables them to

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find solutions for the real time problems in industry, and to design products
4. Professionalism
To inculcate professional and effective communication skills, leadership qualities and team spirit in the students
to make them multi-faceted personalities and develop their ability to relate engineering issues to broader social
context

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5. Lifelong Learning/Ethics
To demonstrate and practice ethical and professional responsibilities in the industry and society in the large,
through commitment and lifelong learning needed for successful professional career

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4


PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)

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a) To demonstrate and apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Electronics and Communication Engineering field
b) To design a component, a system or a process to meet the specific needs within the realistic constraints
such as economics, environment, ethics, health, safety and manufacturability
c) To demonstrate the competency to use software tools for computation, simulation and testing of electronics and

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communication engineering circuits
d) To identify, formulate and solve electronic and communication engineering problems
e) To demonstrate an ability to visualize and work on laboratory and multidisciplinary tasks
f) To function as a member or a leader in multidisciplinary activities
g) To communicate in verbal and written form with fellow engineers and society at large

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h) To understand the impact of Electronics and Communication Engineering in the society and demonstrate awareness
of contemporary issues and commitment to give solutions exhibiting social responsibility
i) To demonstrate professional & ethical responsibilities
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To participate and succeed in competitive exams

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5 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

SYLLABUS
Learn the working of ARM processor

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Understand the Building Blocks of Embedded Systems
Learn the concept of memory map and memory interface
Know the characteristics of Real Time Systems
Write programs to interface memory, I/Os with processor
Study the interrupt performance

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LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
GRID COMPUTING LAB
Use Globus Toolkit or equivalent and do the following:
1. Develop a new Web Service for Calculator.
2. Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service.

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3. Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service.
4. Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs
5. Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus Toolkit.
6. Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it with and without
GRAM concept.

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CLOUD COMPUTING LAB
Use Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent to set up the cloud and demonstrate.
1. Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines
COURSE OBJECTIVES

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6 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

can be utilized at particular time.

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2. Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even
after the release of the virtual machine.
3. Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program.
4. Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other.
5. Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it.

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6. Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster.
7. Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE.
8. Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it.
9. Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits.
? Design and implement applications on the Grid.

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? Design and Implement applications on the Cloud.
? Design network objects by applying the networking concepts.
? Create virtualization concept.
? Design web based applications.
? Apply cloud tools for resource allocation.

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? Apply grid tools for network translation.
? Design private cloud using open stack.
COURSE OUTCOMES

7

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CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
CONTENTS
Sl. No. Name of the Experiment Page No.

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CYCLE 1 ? EXPERIMENTS ( GRID COMPUTING)
1
Develop a new Web Service for Calculator 7
2
Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service 16

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3
Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service 19
4
Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs 22
5

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Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus
Toolkit
25
6
Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it

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with and without GRAM concept
27
CYCLE 2 ? EXPERIMENTS (CLOUD COMPUTING)
1
Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how

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many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
34
2
Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it
holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine

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36
3 Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program 39
4
Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to
the other

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42
5 Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it 45
6 Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster 47
7 Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE
ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS

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1 Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it 52
2 Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks 55

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8 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO GRID COMPUTING

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GRID TECHNOLOGY

? Flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and

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resource
? Grid architecture
? Defined using services and protocols
? Using the ?sand hourglass? model similar to the TCP/IP protocol stack

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"A computational grid is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides dependable, consistent, pervasive and
inexpensive access to high-end computational capabilities."
Grid computing makes it possible to dynamically share and coordinate dispersed, heterogeneous computing
resources. Flexibility and ubiquity are essential characteristics of Web services technologies such as WSDL (Web
Services Description Language), SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), and UDDI (Universal Description,

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Discovery, and Integration).
The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) combines technologies to unlock and exploit grid-attached resources.
OGSA defines mechanisms to create, manage, and exchange information between Grid Services, a special type of
Web service. The architecture uses WSDL extensively to describe the structure and behavior of a service. Service
descriptions are located and discovered using Web Services Inspection Language (WSIL). By combining elements

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from grid computing and Web services technologies, OGSA establishes an extensible and interoperable design and
development framework for Grid Services that includes details for service definition, discovery, and life-cycle
management.

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9 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


GLOBUS TOOLKIT

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The Globus Toolkit provides software tools to make it easier to build computational grids and grid-based
applications. The Globus Toolkit is both an open architecture and open source toolkit.

? The Globus Toolkit is a product of the Globus Alliance (http://www.globus.org)
? It is middleware for developing grids

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? The current release is 6.0.
? Four key protocols and APIs
? Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI)
? Grid Resource Allocation & Mgmt (GRAM)
? Grid Resource Information Protocol (GRIP) and Index Information Protocol (GIIP)

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? Grid File Transfer Protocol (GridFTP)
? Implementations on many platforms
? Resources, security systems, data models,
? Various collective layer protocols & tools
? Info services, replica management, etc.

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? A basis for many Grid-enabled tools & apps
FTP, SSH, Condor, SRB, MPI, EDG, GridPort,
GLOBUS TOOLKIT? COMPONENTS
? Security
? GSI ? Grid Security Infrastructure

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? Resource Management
? GRAM ? Grid Resource Allocation Manager
o globusrun
o RSL
o gatekeeper

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o job manager
o DUROC ? Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator
? Information Services
? MDS ? Monitoring and Discovery Service

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10 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

o GRIS ? Grid Resource Information Service
o GIIS ? Grid Index Information Service

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o MDS Client
? Data Management
o GridFTP, GASS
The Globus Toolkit latest version 6.0 includes:
GSI: security

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GridFTP: file transfer
GRAM: job execution/resource management
MyProxy: credential repository/certificate authority
GSI-OpenSSH: GSI secure single sign-on remote shell

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11 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

GLOBUS TOOLKIT INSTALLATION PROCEDURE
Step1: For installing Globus Toolkit nothing more easy than download the latest package:

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http://toolkit.globus.org/ftppub/gt6/installers/repo/globus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
sudodpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Step2: Update the repositories: sudo apt-get update
Step3: To install Debian or Ubuntu package, download the globus-toolkit-repo package
from the link above and install it with the command:

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root@sysa63:/home/#dpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Do the following for Debian-based systems:
root@sysa63:/home/#apt-get install globus-data-management-client

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12 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 01: DEVELOP A NEW WEB SERVICE FOR CALCULATOR

Aim:

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Develop a Web Service for new Calculator
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
1. Our first web service is an extremely simple Math Web Service, which we'll refer to asMathService. It will
2. allow users to perform the following operations:
a. Addition
b. Subtraction

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3. Furthermore, MathService will have the following resource properties (RPs for short):
a. Value (integer)
b. Last operation performed (string)
4. We will also add a "Get Value" operation to access the Value RP. Once a new resource is created, the
"value" RP is initialized to zero, and the "last operation" RP is initialized to "NONE". The parameter is

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added/subtracted to the "value" RP, and the "last operation" RP is changed to "ADDITION" or
"SUBTRACTION" accordingly. Also, the addition and subtraction operations don't return anything.
5. Writing and deploying a WSRF Web Service is easier than you might think. You just have to follow five
simple steps.
6. Define the service's interface. This is done with WSDL

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7. Implement the service. This is done with Java.
8. Define the deployment parameters. This is done with WSDD and JNDI
9. Compile everything and generate a GAR file. This is done with Ant
10. Deploy service. This is also done with a GT4 tool

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Sample Code:

_instance"
xmlns ="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"
xmlns:tns="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/examples/core/MathService_instance"

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xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsrp="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-
ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.xsd" xmlns:wsrpw="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-


13 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.wsdl"
xmlns:wsdlpp="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/2004/10/WSDLPreprocessor"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">

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Result:
Thus the program for developing web service for new calculator was successfully executed.

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14 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid by using Web Service for new Calculator
Applications:
To make a calculator in Windows application using web service

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1) What is Web Service?
2) What are the advantages of web services?
3) What are the different types of web services?

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4) What is SOAP?
5) What are the advantages of SOAP web services?
6) What are the disadvantages of SOAP web services?
7) What is WSDL?
8) What is UDDI?

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9) What are RESTful web services?
10) What are the advantages of RESTful web services?
11) What is the difference between SOAP and REST web services?
12) What is SOA service architecture?
13) What tools are used to deploy web services?

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14) What is Web Service architecture?
15) What are the advantages of web services in globus toolkit?
16) What are the different types of web services?
17) What is SOAP web services?
18) What is UDP and TCP?

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19) What is stateless SOA?
20) What is data balancing in WSDL?
Viva-voce

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15 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 02: DEVELOP NEW OGSA-COMPLIANT WEB SERVICE

Aim:

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To develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid Service using .NET language.
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:

1. Developed by the Global Grid Forum
2. Aims to define a common, standard, open architecture for Grid Applications.
3. Defines a set of rules that make up a grid service.

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4. Sharing and Coordinated use of diverse resources in Dynamic VO's

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Result:

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Thus the program for developing OGSA- Complaint web service was successfully executed.


16 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid
Service using .NET language

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Applications:
? Sharing of information among diverse components of large heterogenous grid systems
? WAN

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1. How would you decide what style of Web Service to use? SOAP WS or REST?
2. Does the service expose data or business logic?
3. Do consumers and the service providers require a formal contract?
4. Do we need to support multiple data formats?

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5. Do we need to make AJAX calls?
6. Is the call synchronous or asynchronous?
7. What level of security is required?
8. What level of transaction support is required?
9. Do we have limited band width?

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10. What tools do you use to test your Web Services?
11. What is the difference between SOA and a Web service?
12. What is a microservice architecture (aka MSA)?
13. What is data integrity?
14. What is cloud infrastructure?

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Viva-voce

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17 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 03: USING APACHE AXIS DEVELOP A GRID SERVICE

Aim:

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To develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
1. Creating the New Level in the Package
2. Edit the Configuration Files
3. Modify the Service Code
4. Modify the Client

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5. Compile and Deploy
6. Starting the Container
7. Compile the Client
8. Run the Client

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18 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:
Addition was successful
Subtraction was successful
Multiplication was successful
Division was successful

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Current value: 20.

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Result:
Thus the program for Grid Service using Apache Axis was successfully executed.

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19 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Applications:
? To create web service in Java
? To work with Globus Tool kit standards web service

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1. What are the different application integration styles?
2. What is Grid Computing?
3. What is QOS?
4. What are the derivatives of grid computing?

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5. What are the features of data grids?
6. What is load balancing?
7. What is grid infrastructure?
8. Define ? Distributed Computing.
9. Define ? OSGI.

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10. Define ? OSGA.
11. What is the use of API?s in cloud services?
12. What is the difference between cloud and grid?
13. What is data communication?
14. What are the elements of data communication?

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Viva-voce


20 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 04: DEVELOP APPLICATIONS USING JAVA OR C/C++ GRID
APIS
Aim:
To develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Import all the necessary java packages and name the file as GridLayoutDemo.java

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2. Set up components to preferred size
3. Add buttons to experiment with Grid Layout
4. Add controls to set up horizontal and vertical gaps
5. Process the Apply gaps button press
6. Create the GUI

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7. Create and set up the window,Set up the content pane and Display the Window
8. Schedule a job for the event dispatch thread
9. Show the application's GUI

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21 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:

Figure 1: Horizontal, Left-to-Right Figure 2: Horizontal, Right-to-Left

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Result:
Thus the program to develop an application in java using Grid APIs was successfully executed.


22 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop an application in Java using Grid APIs

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Applications:
Used for defining a application programme interface for common distributes computing functionality

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1) Describe the two most important advantages of using Distributed/Grid Computing.
2) What is the main function of DNS?
3) Briefly outline two applications of Public Key systems.
4) Provide one major difference between synchronous and asynchronous communication.
5) Provide one major difference between ASCII and Unicode encodings.

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6) Provide two major differences between sequential computing and parallel computing.
7) Write the any three Grid Applications.
8) Give the examples of Hardware service provider.
9) Give the example of software application ASP.
10) What are grid portals? Give example.

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11) What are the high level services including in existing globus tool kit?
12) Name the components available in Nimrod architecture?
13) What are the major objectives of Euro grid project?
14) What is the application specific work packages identified for the Euro grid?
15) Define dynamic accounting system.

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Viva-voce

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23 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

EX.NO. 05: DEVELOP SECURED APPLICATIONS USING BASIC

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SECURITY MECHANISMS AVAILABLE IN GLOBUS TOOLKIT.
Aim:
To develop a secured applications using a basic security mechanisms available in Globus toolkit
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
The Globus Toolkit incorporates multiple security components that establish the identity of users or services
(authentication), protect communications, and determine who is allowed to perform what actions (authorization), as

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well as manage user credentials.
? GSI C: The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and
certificate management.
? MyProxy: MyProxy is open source software for managing X.509 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) security
credentials (certificates and private keys).

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? GSI-OpenSSH: GSI-OpenSSH is a modified version of OpenSSH that adds support for X.509 proxy
certificate authentication and delegation, providing a single sign-on remote login and file transfer service.
The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and certificate
management. The authentication API is built using Public KeyInfrastructure (PKI) technologies, e.g. X.509
Certificates and TLS. In addition to authentication it features a delegation mechanism based upon X.509 Proxy

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Certificates. Authorization support takes the form of a couple of APIs. The first provides a generic authorization API
that allows callouts to perform access control based on the client's credentials (i.e. the X.509 certificate chain). The
second provides a simple access control list that maps authorized remote entities to local (system) user names. The
second mechanism also provides callouts that allow third parties to override the default behavior and is currently
used in the Gatekeeper and GridFTP servers. In addition to the above there are various lower level APIs and tools

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for managing, discovering and querying certificates.
Components for Grid Security
1. Basic Security Mechanisms
2. Components for Credential Generation
3. Components for Credential Management

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24 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Beyond verifying the identities of users and services, basic Grid security mechanisms leave access control decisions

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to services. The Grid community has developed authorization and access control tools for storing and providing
access to system-wide authorization information and for creating a central data store for supporting decentralized
control mechanisms.
Basic Security Mechanisms
? Pre-Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A non-Web services implementation of the Grid

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Security Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI
mechanisms
? Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A Web services implementation of the Grid Security
Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI mechanisms

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Result:

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Thus the program to develop a security application available in Globus toolkit was successfully executed.
Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a secured applications using a basic security

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mechanisms available in Globus toolkit



25 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Applications:
To provide easy acces to best breed open source network security

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1. What are the collective services available in grid computing?
2. What are the basic principles of autonomous computing?
3. What are the four essential characteristics of on demand business?
4. What are the essential capabilities provided by on demand business?
5. What are the two most important technologies for building semantic webs?

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6. Define Peer to Peer computing?
7. What is the combination of Globus GT3 toolkit?
8. What is a GT3 core?
9. What are the components available in service model?
10. Define WS-Trust

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11. Define WS ?Federation
12. Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
13. Who are the actors in CDC?
14. Mention the scenarios in CDC?
15. What are the functional requirements of CDC on OGSA?

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Viva-voce

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26 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 06: DEVELOP A GRID PORTAL, WHERE USER CAN SUBMIT

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A JOB AND GET THE RESULT, IMPLEMENT IT WITH AND WITHOUT
GRAM CONCEPT.
Aim:
To develop a Grid portal and implement it with and without GRAM concept
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

Procedure:

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Multiple times that the likely user interface to grid applications will be through portals, specifically Web portals. A grid
portal may be constructed as a Web page interface to provide easy access to grid applications. The Web user
interface provides user authentication, job submission, job monitoring, and results of the job.
Globus Resource Allocation Manager (GRAM)
When a job is submitted by a client, the request is sent to the remote host and handled by a gatekeeper daemon.

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The gatekeeper creates a job manager to start and monitor the job. When the job is finished, the job manager
sends the status information back to the client and terminates.
The GRAM subsystem consists of the following elements:
? The globusrun command and associated APIs Resource Specification Language (RSL)
? The gatekeeper daemon The job manager Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator (DUROC)

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Each of these elements are described briefly below.
The globusrun command
The globusrun command (or its equivalent API) submits a job to a resource within the grid. This command
is typically passed an RSL string (see below) that specifies parameters and other properties required to successfully
launch and run the job

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27 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Resource Specification Language (RSL)

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RSL is a language used by clients to specify the job to be run. All job submission requests are described in an RSL
string that includes information such as the executable file; its parameters; information about redirection of stdin,
stdout, and stderr; and so on. Basically it provides a standard way of specifying all of the information required to
execute a job, independent of the target environment. It is then the responsibility of the job manager on the target
system to parse the information and launch the job in the appropriate way.

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The syntax of RSL is very straightforward. Each statement is enclosed within parenthesis. Comments are
designated with parenthesis and asterisks, for example, (* this is a comment *). Supported attributes include the
following:
rsl_substitution: Defines variables
executable: The script or command to be run

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arguments: Information or flags to be passed to the executable
stdin: Specifies the remote URL and local file used for the executable stdout: Specifies the remote file to place
standard output from the job stderr: Specifies the remote file to place standard error from the job queue: Specifies the
queue to submit the job (requires a scheduler) count: Specifies the number of executions
directory: Specifies the directory to run the job

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project: Specifies a project account for the job (requires a scheduler) dryRun: Verifies the RSL string but
does not run the job
maxMemory: Specifies the maximum amount of memory in MBs required for the job
minMemory: Specifies the minimum amount of memory in MBs required for the job
hostCount: Specifies the number of nodes in a cluster required for the job environment: Specifies environment

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variables that are required for the job
jobType: Specifies the type of job single process, multi-process, mpi, or condor
maxTime: Specifies the maximum execution wall or cpu time for one execution
maxWallTime: Specifies the maximum walltime for one execution maxCpuTime: Specifies the maximum
cpu time for one execution

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gramMyjob: Specifies the whether the gram myjob interface starts one process/thread (independent) or more
(collective)


28 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to develop Grid Portal was successfully executed.

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29 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid portal and implement it with and
without GRAM concept
Application:
? It is useful and necessary for interfaces for the performance of operations on the Grid. The Grid
Portal Development Kit (GPDK) facilitates the development of Grid portals and provides several key

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reusable components for accessing various Grid services.
? A Grid Portal provides a customizable interface allowing scientists to perform a variety of Grid
operations including remote program submission, file staging, and querying of information services
from a single, secure gateway.
? The Grid Portal Development Kit leverages off existing Globus/Grid middleware infrastructure as

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well as commodity web technology including Java Server Pages and servlets .



1) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?

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2) What are the major goals of OGSA?
3) What are the more specific goals of OGSA?
4) What are the main purposes of use case defined by OGSA?
5) Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
6) What are the layers available in OGSA architectural organizations?

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7) What are the OGSA basic services?
8) What are the two aspects involved in GRAM?
9) What are the two kinds of lifecycle model associated with state data recovery?
10) What is a GT3 core?
11) What are the major components of default server side framework?

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12) What is Grid container?
13) What are the two levels of security available in GT3?
14) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?
15) What are the two different message-level authentication mechanisms provided by GT3 framework?
16) What are the most common GT3 security handlers?

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Viva-voce


30 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO CLOUD COMPUTING

What is cloud computing?
Cloud computing means that instead of all the computer hardware and software you're using sitting on your
desktop, or somewhere inside your company's network, it's provided for you as a service by another company and

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accessed over the Internet, usually in a completely seamless way. Exactly where the hardware and software is
located and how it all works doesn't matter to you, the user?it's just somewhere up in the nebulous "cloud" that the
Internet represents.
Cloud computing is a buzzword that means different things to different people. For some, it's just another way of
describing IT (information technology) "outsourcing"; others use it to mean any computing service provided over the

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Internet or a similar network; and some define it as any bought-in computer service you use that sits outside your
firewall.
Types of cloud computing
IT people talk about three different kinds of cloud computing, where different services are being provided for you.
Note that there's a certain amount of vagueness about how these things are defined and some overlap between

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them.
? Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) means you're buying access to raw computing hardware over the Net,
such as servers or storage. Since you buy what you need and pay-as-you-go, this is often referred to as
utility computing. Ordinary web hosting is a simple example of IaaS: you pay a monthly subscription or a
per-megabyte/gigabyte fee to have a hosting company serve up files for your website from their servers.

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? Software as a Service (SaaS) means you use a complete application running on someone else's system.
Web-based email and Google Documents are perhaps the best-known examples. Zoho is another well-
known SaaS provider offering a variety of office applications online.
? Platform as a Service (PaaS) means you develop applications using Web-based tools so they run on
systems software and hardware provided by another company. So, for example, you might develop your

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own ecommerce website but have the whole thing, including the shopping cart, checkout, and payment
mechanism running on a merchant's server. App Cloud (from salesforce.com) and the Google App Engine
are examples of PaaS.
Advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing
Advantages

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The pros of cloud computing are obvious and compelling. If your business is selling books or repairing shoes,
why get involved in the nitty gritty of buying and maintaining a complex computer system? If you run an insurance
office, do you really want your sales agents wasting time running anti-virus software, upgrading word-processors, or
worrying about hard-drive crashes? Do you really want them cluttering your expensive computers with their personal

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31 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

emails, illegally shared MP3 files, and naughty YouTube videos?when you could leave that responsibility to
someone else? Cloud computing allows you to buy in only the services you want, when you want them, cutting the

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upfront capital costs of computers and peripherals. You avoid equipment going out of date and other familiar IT
problems like ensuring system security and reliability. You can add extra services (or take them away) at a moment's
notice as your business needs change. It's really quick and easy to add new applications or services to your
business without waiting weeks or months for the new computer (and its software) to arrive.
Drawbacks

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Instant convenience comes at a price. Instead of purchasing computers and software, cloud computing means you
buy services, so one-off, upfront capital costs become ongoing operating costs instead. That might work out much
more expensive in the long-term.
If you're using software as a service (for example, writing a report using an online word processor or sending emails
through webmail), you need a reliable, high-speed, broadband Internet connection functioning the whole time you're

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working. That's something we take for granted in countries such as the United States, but it's much more of an issue
in developing countries or rural areas where broadband is unavailable.
An Introduction to Cloud Computing with OpenNebula
An OpenNebula Private Cloud provides infrastructure users with an elastic platform for fast delivery and scalability of
services to meet dynamic demands of service end-users. Services are hosted in VMs, and then submitted,

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monitored and controlled in the Cloud by using Sunstone or any of the OpenNebula interfaces:
? Command Line Interface (CLI)
? XML-RPC API
? OpenNebulaRuby and Java Cloud APIs
The aim of a Private Cloud is not to expose to the world a cloud interface to sell capacity over the Internet, but to

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provide local cloud users and administrators with a flexible and agile private infrastructure to run virtualized service
workloads within the administrative domain. OpenNebula virtual infrastructure interfaces expose user and
administrator functionality for virtualization, networking, image and physical resource configuration, management,
monitoring and accounting.

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32 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


Expt.No.1: FIND PROCEDURE TO RUN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE OF
DIFFERENT CONFIGURATION. CHECK HOW MANY VIRTUAL

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MACHINES CAN BE UTILIZED AT PARTICULAR TIME.

Aim:
To Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be
utilized at particular time

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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Creating Virtual Machines
In OpenNebula the Virtual Machines are defined with Template files. The Template Repository system allows
OpenNebula administrators and users to register Virtual Machine definitions in the system, to be instantiated later as
Virtual Machine instances. These Templates can be instantiated several times, and also shared with other users.

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Virtual Machine Model
A Virtual Machine within the OpenNebula system consists of:
? A capacity in terms memory and CPU
? A set of NICs attached to one or more virtual networks
? A set of disk images

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? A state file (optional) or recovery file, that contains the memory image of a running VM plus some hypervisor
specific information.
The above items, plus some additional VM attributes like the OS kernel and context information to be used inside the
VM, are specified in a template file.
Defining a VM in 3 Steps

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Virtual Machines are defined in an OpenNebula Template. Templates are stored in a repository to easily browse and
instantiate VMs from them. To create a new Template you have to define 3 things


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? Capacity & Name, how big will the VM be?
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
NAME Name that the VM will get for description purposes. Yes one-
MEMORY Amount of RAM required for the VM, in Megabytes. Yes

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CPU CPU ratio (e..g half a physical CPU is 0.5). Yes
VCPU Number of virtual cpus. No 1
Disks. Each disk is defined with a DISK attribute. A VM can use three types of disk:
? Use a persistent Image changes to the disk image will persist after the VM is shutdown.
? Use a non-persistent Image images are cloned, changes to the image will be lost.

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? Volatile disks are created on the fly on the target host. After the VM is shutdown the disk is disposed.

Persistent and Clone Disks
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
IMAGE_ID and IMAGE The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes

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IMAGE_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No self
IMAGE_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No self
Volatile
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
TYPE

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Type of the disk: swap, fs. swap type will set the label to swap so it is
easier to mount and the context packages will automatically mount it.
Yes
SIZE size in MB Yes
FORMAT

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filesystem for fs images: ext2, ext3, etc. raw will not format the image. For
VMs to run on vmfs or vmwareshared configurations, the valid values are:
Yes

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34 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Attribute Description Mandatory Default
vmdk_thin, vmdk_zeroedthick, vmdk_eagerzeroedthick

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Network Interfaces. Each network interface of a VM is defined with the NIC attribute.
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
NETWORK_ID and NETWORK The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes
NETWORK_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No Self
NETWORK_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No Self

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The following example shows a VM Template file with a couple of disks and a network interface, also a VNC section
was added.
NAME = test-vm
MEMORY = 128

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CPU = 1

DISK = [ IMAGE = "Arch Linux" ]
DISK = [ TYPE = swap,
SIZE = 1024 ]

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NIC = [ NETWORK = "Public", NETWORK_UNAME="oneadmin" ]

GRAPHICS = [
TYPE = "vnc",

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LISTEN = "0.0.0.0"]
Simple templates can be also created using the command line instead of creating a template file. The parameters to
do this for onetemplate are:

Parameter

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Description
--namename Name for the VM
--cpucpu CPU percentage reserved for the VM (1=100% one CPU)
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

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0 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

College o f Engineering

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?



DEPARTMENT OF

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COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
VII SEMESTER - R 2013

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Name : ______________________________________
Reg. No. : ______________________________________
Section : ______________________________________

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LABORATORY MANUAL


1 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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DHANALAKSHMI


is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and enterprising
professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and training.

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? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic Excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart and

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soul

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

To strive for acquiring, applying and imparting knowledge in Computer Science and Engineering through quality

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education and to provide enthusiastic professionals with commitment


? To produce highly competent and globally employable engineers in the field of Computer Science and
Engineering

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? To inculcate human values among the student community and make them realize their commitment to the society
? To exhibit excellence in pursuit of research and innovative products with a zeal to serve the society


VISION

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VISION
MISSION
MISSION

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2 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)
1. Fundamentals
To provide students with a solid foundation in Mathematics, Science and fundamentals of engineering, enabling

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them to apply, to find solutions for engineering problems and use this knowledge to acquire higher education
2. Core Competence
To train the students in Computer science and engineering technologies so that they apply their knowledge and
training to compare, and to analyze various engineering industrial problems to find solutions
3. Breadth

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To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice this enables them to
find solutions for the real time problems in industry, and to design products
4. Professionalism
To inculcate professional and effective communication skills, leadership qualities and team spirit in the students
to make them multi-faceted personalities and develop their ability to relate engineering issues to broader social

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context
5. Lifelong Learning/Ethics
To demonstrate and practice ethical and professional responsibilities in the industry and society in the large,
through commitment and lifelong learning needed for successful professional career

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4

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PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)
a) To demonstrate and apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Electronics and Communication Engineering field
b) To design a component, a system or a process to meet the specific needs within the realistic constraints
such as economics, environment, ethics, health, safety and manufacturability

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c) To demonstrate the competency to use software tools for computation, simulation and testing of electronics and
communication engineering circuits
d) To identify, formulate and solve electronic and communication engineering problems
e) To demonstrate an ability to visualize and work on laboratory and multidisciplinary tasks
f) To function as a member or a leader in multidisciplinary activities

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g) To communicate in verbal and written form with fellow engineers and society at large
h) To understand the impact of Electronics and Communication Engineering in the society and demonstrate awareness
of contemporary issues and commitment to give solutions exhibiting social responsibility
i) To demonstrate professional & ethical responsibilities
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning

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k) To participate and succeed in competitive exams

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5 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

SYLLABUS

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Learn the working of ARM processor
Understand the Building Blocks of Embedded Systems
Learn the concept of memory map and memory interface
Know the characteristics of Real Time Systems
Write programs to interface memory, I/Os with processor

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Study the interrupt performance
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
GRID COMPUTING LAB
Use Globus Toolkit or equivalent and do the following:
1. Develop a new Web Service for Calculator.

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2. Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service.
3. Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service.
4. Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs
5. Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus Toolkit.
6. Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it with and without

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GRAM concept.

CLOUD COMPUTING LAB
Use Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent to set up the cloud and demonstrate.
1. Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines

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COURSE OBJECTIVES


6 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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can be utilized at particular time.
2. Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even
after the release of the virtual machine.
3. Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program.
4. Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other.

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5. Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it.
6. Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster.
7. Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE.
8. Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it.
9. Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits.

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid.
? Design and Implement applications on the Cloud.
? Design network objects by applying the networking concepts.
? Create virtualization concept.
? Design web based applications.

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? Apply cloud tools for resource allocation.
? Apply grid tools for network translation.
? Design private cloud using open stack.
COURSE OUTCOMES

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7


CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
CONTENTS

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Sl. No. Name of the Experiment Page No.
CYCLE 1 ? EXPERIMENTS ( GRID COMPUTING)
1
Develop a new Web Service for Calculator 7
2

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Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service 16
3
Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service 19
4
Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs 22

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5
Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus
Toolkit
25
6

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Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it
with and without GRAM concept
27
CYCLE 2 ? EXPERIMENTS (CLOUD COMPUTING)
1

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Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how
many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
34
2
Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it

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holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
36
3 Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program 39
4
Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to

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the other
42
5 Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it 45
6 Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster 47
7 Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE

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ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS
1 Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it 52
2 Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks 55

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8 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO GRID COMPUTING


GRID TECHNOLOGY

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? Flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and
resource
? Grid architecture
? Defined using services and protocols
? Using the ?sand hourglass? model similar to the TCP/IP protocol stack

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"A computational grid is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides dependable, consistent, pervasive and
inexpensive access to high-end computational capabilities."
Grid computing makes it possible to dynamically share and coordinate dispersed, heterogeneous computing
resources. Flexibility and ubiquity are essential characteristics of Web services technologies such as WSDL (Web

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Services Description Language), SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), and UDDI (Universal Description,
Discovery, and Integration).
The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) combines technologies to unlock and exploit grid-attached resources.
OGSA defines mechanisms to create, manage, and exchange information between Grid Services, a special type of
Web service. The architecture uses WSDL extensively to describe the structure and behavior of a service. Service

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descriptions are located and discovered using Web Services Inspection Language (WSIL). By combining elements
from grid computing and Web services technologies, OGSA establishes an extensible and interoperable design and
development framework for Grid Services that includes details for service definition, discovery, and life-cycle
management.

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9 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


GLOBUS TOOLKIT

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The Globus Toolkit provides software tools to make it easier to build computational grids and grid-based
applications. The Globus Toolkit is both an open architecture and open source toolkit.

? The Globus Toolkit is a product of the Globus Alliance (http://www.globus.org)

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? It is middleware for developing grids
? The current release is 6.0.
? Four key protocols and APIs
? Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI)
? Grid Resource Allocation & Mgmt (GRAM)

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? Grid Resource Information Protocol (GRIP) and Index Information Protocol (GIIP)
? Grid File Transfer Protocol (GridFTP)
? Implementations on many platforms
? Resources, security systems, data models,
? Various collective layer protocols & tools

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? Info services, replica management, etc.
? A basis for many Grid-enabled tools & apps
FTP, SSH, Condor, SRB, MPI, EDG, GridPort,
GLOBUS TOOLKIT? COMPONENTS
? Security

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? GSI ? Grid Security Infrastructure
? Resource Management
? GRAM ? Grid Resource Allocation Manager
o globusrun
o RSL

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o gatekeeper
o job manager
o DUROC ? Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator
? Information Services
? MDS ? Monitoring and Discovery Service

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10 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

o GRIS ? Grid Resource Information Service

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o GIIS ? Grid Index Information Service
o MDS Client
? Data Management
o GridFTP, GASS
The Globus Toolkit latest version 6.0 includes:

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GSI: security
GridFTP: file transfer
GRAM: job execution/resource management
MyProxy: credential repository/certificate authority
GSI-OpenSSH: GSI secure single sign-on remote shell

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11 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

GLOBUS TOOLKIT INSTALLATION PROCEDURE

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Step1: For installing Globus Toolkit nothing more easy than download the latest package:
http://toolkit.globus.org/ftppub/gt6/installers/repo/globus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
sudodpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Step2: Update the repositories: sudo apt-get update
Step3: To install Debian or Ubuntu package, download the globus-toolkit-repo package

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from the link above and install it with the command:
root@sysa63:/home/#dpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Do the following for Debian-based systems:
root@sysa63:/home/#apt-get install globus-data-management-client

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12 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 01: DEVELOP A NEW WEB SERVICE FOR CALCULATOR

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Aim:
Develop a Web Service for new Calculator
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Our first web service is an extremely simple Math Web Service, which we'll refer to asMathService. It will
2. allow users to perform the following operations:
a. Addition

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b. Subtraction
3. Furthermore, MathService will have the following resource properties (RPs for short):
a. Value (integer)
b. Last operation performed (string)
4. We will also add a "Get Value" operation to access the Value RP. Once a new resource is created, the

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"value" RP is initialized to zero, and the "last operation" RP is initialized to "NONE". The parameter is
added/subtracted to the "value" RP, and the "last operation" RP is changed to "ADDITION" or
"SUBTRACTION" accordingly. Also, the addition and subtraction operations don't return anything.
5. Writing and deploying a WSRF Web Service is easier than you might think. You just have to follow five
simple steps.

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6. Define the service's interface. This is done with WSDL
7. Implement the service. This is done with Java.
8. Define the deployment parameters. This is done with WSDD and JNDI
9. Compile everything and generate a GAR file. This is done with Ant
10. Deploy service. This is also done with a GT4 tool

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Sample Code:

_instance"
xmlns ="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"

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xmlns:tns="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/examples/core/MathService_instance"
xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsrp="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-
ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.xsd" xmlns:wsrpw="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-

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13 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.wsdl"
xmlns:wsdlpp="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/2004/10/WSDLPreprocessor"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">

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Result:
Thus the program for developing web service for new calculator was successfully executed.

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14 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid by using Web Service for new Calculator
Applications:

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To make a calculator in Windows application using web service


1) What is Web Service?
2) What are the advantages of web services?

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3) What are the different types of web services?
4) What is SOAP?
5) What are the advantages of SOAP web services?
6) What are the disadvantages of SOAP web services?
7) What is WSDL?

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8) What is UDDI?
9) What are RESTful web services?
10) What are the advantages of RESTful web services?
11) What is the difference between SOAP and REST web services?
12) What is SOA service architecture?

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13) What tools are used to deploy web services?
14) What is Web Service architecture?
15) What are the advantages of web services in globus toolkit?
16) What are the different types of web services?
17) What is SOAP web services?

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18) What is UDP and TCP?
19) What is stateless SOA?
20) What is data balancing in WSDL?
Viva-voce

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15 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 02: DEVELOP NEW OGSA-COMPLIANT WEB SERVICE

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Aim:
To develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid Service using .NET language.
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

1. Developed by the Global Grid Forum
2. Aims to define a common, standard, open architecture for Grid Applications.

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3. Defines a set of rules that make up a grid service.
4. Sharing and Coordinated use of diverse resources in Dynamic VO's

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Result:
Thus the program for developing OGSA- Complaint web service was successfully executed.


16 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid

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Service using .NET language
Applications:
? Sharing of information among diverse components of large heterogenous grid systems
? WAN

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1. How would you decide what style of Web Service to use? SOAP WS or REST?
2. Does the service expose data or business logic?
3. Do consumers and the service providers require a formal contract?

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4. Do we need to support multiple data formats?
5. Do we need to make AJAX calls?
6. Is the call synchronous or asynchronous?
7. What level of security is required?
8. What level of transaction support is required?

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9. Do we have limited band width?
10. What tools do you use to test your Web Services?
11. What is the difference between SOA and a Web service?
12. What is a microservice architecture (aka MSA)?
13. What is data integrity?

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14. What is cloud infrastructure?


Viva-voce

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17 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 03: USING APACHE AXIS DEVELOP A GRID SERVICE

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Aim:
To develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Creating the New Level in the Package
2. Edit the Configuration Files
3. Modify the Service Code

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4. Modify the Client
5. Compile and Deploy
6. Starting the Container
7. Compile the Client
8. Run the Client

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18 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:
Addition was successful
Subtraction was successful
Multiplication was successful

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Division was successful
Current value: 20.

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Result:
Thus the program for Grid Service using Apache Axis was successfully executed.

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19 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Applications:
? To create web service in Java
? To work with Globus Tool kit standards web service

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1. What are the different application integration styles?
2. What is Grid Computing?
3. What is QOS?

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4. What are the derivatives of grid computing?
5. What are the features of data grids?
6. What is load balancing?
7. What is grid infrastructure?
8. Define ? Distributed Computing.

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9. Define ? OSGI.
10. Define ? OSGA.
11. What is the use of API?s in cloud services?
12. What is the difference between cloud and grid?
13. What is data communication?

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14. What are the elements of data communication?

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Viva-voce


20 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 04: DEVELOP APPLICATIONS USING JAVA OR C/C++ GRID
APIS
Aim:
To develop an application in Java using Grid APIs

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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1. Import all the necessary java packages and name the file as GridLayoutDemo.java
2. Set up components to preferred size
3. Add buttons to experiment with Grid Layout
4. Add controls to set up horizontal and vertical gaps
5. Process the Apply gaps button press

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6. Create the GUI
7. Create and set up the window,Set up the content pane and Display the Window
8. Schedule a job for the event dispatch thread
9. Show the application's GUI

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21 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:

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Figure 1: Horizontal, Left-to-Right Figure 2: Horizontal, Right-to-Left

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Result:
Thus the program to develop an application in java using Grid APIs was successfully executed.

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22 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Applications:
Used for defining a application programme interface for common distributes computing functionality

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1) Describe the two most important advantages of using Distributed/Grid Computing.
2) What is the main function of DNS?
3) Briefly outline two applications of Public Key systems.
4) Provide one major difference between synchronous and asynchronous communication.

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5) Provide one major difference between ASCII and Unicode encodings.
6) Provide two major differences between sequential computing and parallel computing.
7) Write the any three Grid Applications.
8) Give the examples of Hardware service provider.
9) Give the example of software application ASP.

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10) What are grid portals? Give example.
11) What are the high level services including in existing globus tool kit?
12) Name the components available in Nimrod architecture?
13) What are the major objectives of Euro grid project?
14) What is the application specific work packages identified for the Euro grid?

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15) Define dynamic accounting system.

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Viva-voce


23 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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EX.NO. 05: DEVELOP SECURED APPLICATIONS USING BASIC
SECURITY MECHANISMS AVAILABLE IN GLOBUS TOOLKIT.
Aim:
To develop a secured applications using a basic security mechanisms available in Globus toolkit
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
The Globus Toolkit incorporates multiple security components that establish the identity of users or services

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(authentication), protect communications, and determine who is allowed to perform what actions (authorization), as
well as manage user credentials.
? GSI C: The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and
certificate management.
? MyProxy: MyProxy is open source software for managing X.509 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) security

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credentials (certificates and private keys).
? GSI-OpenSSH: GSI-OpenSSH is a modified version of OpenSSH that adds support for X.509 proxy
certificate authentication and delegation, providing a single sign-on remote login and file transfer service.
The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and certificate
management. The authentication API is built using Public KeyInfrastructure (PKI) technologies, e.g. X.509

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Certificates and TLS. In addition to authentication it features a delegation mechanism based upon X.509 Proxy
Certificates. Authorization support takes the form of a couple of APIs. The first provides a generic authorization API
that allows callouts to perform access control based on the client's credentials (i.e. the X.509 certificate chain). The
second provides a simple access control list that maps authorized remote entities to local (system) user names. The
second mechanism also provides callouts that allow third parties to override the default behavior and is currently

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used in the Gatekeeper and GridFTP servers. In addition to the above there are various lower level APIs and tools
for managing, discovering and querying certificates.
Components for Grid Security
1. Basic Security Mechanisms
2. Components for Credential Generation

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3. Components for Credential Management


24 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Beyond verifying the identities of users and services, basic Grid security mechanisms leave access control decisions
to services. The Grid community has developed authorization and access control tools for storing and providing
access to system-wide authorization information and for creating a central data store for supporting decentralized
control mechanisms.
Basic Security Mechanisms

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? Pre-Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A non-Web services implementation of the Grid
Security Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI
mechanisms
? Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A Web services implementation of the Grid Security
Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI mechanisms

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Result:
Thus the program to develop a security application available in Globus toolkit was successfully executed.
Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a secured applications using a basic security
mechanisms available in Globus toolkit

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25 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Applications:
To provide easy acces to best breed open source network security

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1. What are the collective services available in grid computing?
2. What are the basic principles of autonomous computing?
3. What are the four essential characteristics of on demand business?
4. What are the essential capabilities provided by on demand business?

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5. What are the two most important technologies for building semantic webs?
6. Define Peer to Peer computing?
7. What is the combination of Globus GT3 toolkit?
8. What is a GT3 core?
9. What are the components available in service model?

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10. Define WS-Trust
11. Define WS ?Federation
12. Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
13. Who are the actors in CDC?
14. Mention the scenarios in CDC?

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15. What are the functional requirements of CDC on OGSA?

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Viva-voce


26 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 06: DEVELOP A GRID PORTAL, WHERE USER CAN SUBMIT
A JOB AND GET THE RESULT, IMPLEMENT IT WITH AND WITHOUT
GRAM CONCEPT.
Aim:
To develop a Grid portal and implement it with and without GRAM concept

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
Multiple times that the likely user interface to grid applications will be through portals, specifically Web portals. A grid
portal may be constructed as a Web page interface to provide easy access to grid applications. The Web user
interface provides user authentication, job submission, job monitoring, and results of the job.
Globus Resource Allocation Manager (GRAM)

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When a job is submitted by a client, the request is sent to the remote host and handled by a gatekeeper daemon.
The gatekeeper creates a job manager to start and monitor the job. When the job is finished, the job manager
sends the status information back to the client and terminates.
The GRAM subsystem consists of the following elements:
? The globusrun command and associated APIs Resource Specification Language (RSL)

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? The gatekeeper daemon The job manager Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator (DUROC)
Each of these elements are described briefly below.
The globusrun command
The globusrun command (or its equivalent API) submits a job to a resource within the grid. This command
is typically passed an RSL string (see below) that specifies parameters and other properties required to successfully

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launch and run the job


27 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Resource Specification Language (RSL)
RSL is a language used by clients to specify the job to be run. All job submission requests are described in an RSL
string that includes information such as the executable file; its parameters; information about redirection of stdin,
stdout, and stderr; and so on. Basically it provides a standard way of specifying all of the information required to
execute a job, independent of the target environment. It is then the responsibility of the job manager on the target

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system to parse the information and launch the job in the appropriate way.
The syntax of RSL is very straightforward. Each statement is enclosed within parenthesis. Comments are
designated with parenthesis and asterisks, for example, (* this is a comment *). Supported attributes include the
following:
rsl_substitution: Defines variables

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executable: The script or command to be run
arguments: Information or flags to be passed to the executable
stdin: Specifies the remote URL and local file used for the executable stdout: Specifies the remote file to place
standard output from the job stderr: Specifies the remote file to place standard error from the job queue: Specifies the
queue to submit the job (requires a scheduler) count: Specifies the number of executions

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directory: Specifies the directory to run the job
project: Specifies a project account for the job (requires a scheduler) dryRun: Verifies the RSL string but
does not run the job
maxMemory: Specifies the maximum amount of memory in MBs required for the job
minMemory: Specifies the minimum amount of memory in MBs required for the job

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hostCount: Specifies the number of nodes in a cluster required for the job environment: Specifies environment
variables that are required for the job
jobType: Specifies the type of job single process, multi-process, mpi, or condor
maxTime: Specifies the maximum execution wall or cpu time for one execution
maxWallTime: Specifies the maximum walltime for one execution maxCpuTime: Specifies the maximum

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cpu time for one execution
gramMyjob: Specifies the whether the gram myjob interface starts one process/thread (independent) or more
(collective)

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28 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to develop Grid Portal was successfully executed.

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29 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid portal and implement it with and
without GRAM concept
Application:
? It is useful and necessary for interfaces for the performance of operations on the Grid. The Grid

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Portal Development Kit (GPDK) facilitates the development of Grid portals and provides several key
reusable components for accessing various Grid services.
? A Grid Portal provides a customizable interface allowing scientists to perform a variety of Grid
operations including remote program submission, file staging, and querying of information services
from a single, secure gateway.

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? The Grid Portal Development Kit leverages off existing Globus/Grid middleware infrastructure as
well as commodity web technology including Java Server Pages and servlets .

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1) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?
2) What are the major goals of OGSA?
3) What are the more specific goals of OGSA?
4) What are the main purposes of use case defined by OGSA?
5) Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?

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6) What are the layers available in OGSA architectural organizations?
7) What are the OGSA basic services?
8) What are the two aspects involved in GRAM?
9) What are the two kinds of lifecycle model associated with state data recovery?
10) What is a GT3 core?

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11) What are the major components of default server side framework?
12) What is Grid container?
13) What are the two levels of security available in GT3?
14) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?
15) What are the two different message-level authentication mechanisms provided by GT3 framework?

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16) What are the most common GT3 security handlers?
Viva-voce


30 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO CLOUD COMPUTING

What is cloud computing?
Cloud computing means that instead of all the computer hardware and software you're using sitting on your

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desktop, or somewhere inside your company's network, it's provided for you as a service by another company and
accessed over the Internet, usually in a completely seamless way. Exactly where the hardware and software is
located and how it all works doesn't matter to you, the user?it's just somewhere up in the nebulous "cloud" that the
Internet represents.
Cloud computing is a buzzword that means different things to different people. For some, it's just another way of

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describing IT (information technology) "outsourcing"; others use it to mean any computing service provided over the
Internet or a similar network; and some define it as any bought-in computer service you use that sits outside your
firewall.
Types of cloud computing
IT people talk about three different kinds of cloud computing, where different services are being provided for you.

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Note that there's a certain amount of vagueness about how these things are defined and some overlap between
them.
? Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) means you're buying access to raw computing hardware over the Net,
such as servers or storage. Since you buy what you need and pay-as-you-go, this is often referred to as
utility computing. Ordinary web hosting is a simple example of IaaS: you pay a monthly subscription or a

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per-megabyte/gigabyte fee to have a hosting company serve up files for your website from their servers.
? Software as a Service (SaaS) means you use a complete application running on someone else's system.
Web-based email and Google Documents are perhaps the best-known examples. Zoho is another well-
known SaaS provider offering a variety of office applications online.
? Platform as a Service (PaaS) means you develop applications using Web-based tools so they run on

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systems software and hardware provided by another company. So, for example, you might develop your
own ecommerce website but have the whole thing, including the shopping cart, checkout, and payment
mechanism running on a merchant's server. App Cloud (from salesforce.com) and the Google App Engine
are examples of PaaS.
Advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing

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Advantages
The pros of cloud computing are obvious and compelling. If your business is selling books or repairing shoes,
why get involved in the nitty gritty of buying and maintaining a complex computer system? If you run an insurance
office, do you really want your sales agents wasting time running anti-virus software, upgrading word-processors, or
worrying about hard-drive crashes? Do you really want them cluttering your expensive computers with their personal

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31 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

emails, illegally shared MP3 files, and naughty YouTube videos?when you could leave that responsibility to

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someone else? Cloud computing allows you to buy in only the services you want, when you want them, cutting the
upfront capital costs of computers and peripherals. You avoid equipment going out of date and other familiar IT
problems like ensuring system security and reliability. You can add extra services (or take them away) at a moment's
notice as your business needs change. It's really quick and easy to add new applications or services to your
business without waiting weeks or months for the new computer (and its software) to arrive.

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Drawbacks
Instant convenience comes at a price. Instead of purchasing computers and software, cloud computing means you
buy services, so one-off, upfront capital costs become ongoing operating costs instead. That might work out much
more expensive in the long-term.
If you're using software as a service (for example, writing a report using an online word processor or sending emails

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through webmail), you need a reliable, high-speed, broadband Internet connection functioning the whole time you're
working. That's something we take for granted in countries such as the United States, but it's much more of an issue
in developing countries or rural areas where broadband is unavailable.
An Introduction to Cloud Computing with OpenNebula
An OpenNebula Private Cloud provides infrastructure users with an elastic platform for fast delivery and scalability of

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services to meet dynamic demands of service end-users. Services are hosted in VMs, and then submitted,
monitored and controlled in the Cloud by using Sunstone or any of the OpenNebula interfaces:
? Command Line Interface (CLI)
? XML-RPC API
? OpenNebulaRuby and Java Cloud APIs

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The aim of a Private Cloud is not to expose to the world a cloud interface to sell capacity over the Internet, but to
provide local cloud users and administrators with a flexible and agile private infrastructure to run virtualized service
workloads within the administrative domain. OpenNebula virtual infrastructure interfaces expose user and
administrator functionality for virtualization, networking, image and physical resource configuration, management,
monitoring and accounting.

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32 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


Expt.No.1: FIND PROCEDURE TO RUN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE OF

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DIFFERENT CONFIGURATION. CHECK HOW MANY VIRTUAL
MACHINES CAN BE UTILIZED AT PARTICULAR TIME.

Aim:
To Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be

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utilized at particular time
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:

Creating Virtual Machines
In OpenNebula the Virtual Machines are defined with Template files. The Template Repository system allows
OpenNebula administrators and users to register Virtual Machine definitions in the system, to be instantiated later as

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Virtual Machine instances. These Templates can be instantiated several times, and also shared with other users.
Virtual Machine Model
A Virtual Machine within the OpenNebula system consists of:
? A capacity in terms memory and CPU
? A set of NICs attached to one or more virtual networks

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? A set of disk images
? A state file (optional) or recovery file, that contains the memory image of a running VM plus some hypervisor
specific information.
The above items, plus some additional VM attributes like the OS kernel and context information to be used inside the
VM, are specified in a template file.

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Defining a VM in 3 Steps
Virtual Machines are defined in an OpenNebula Template. Templates are stored in a repository to easily browse and
instantiate VMs from them. To create a new Template you have to define 3 things

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33 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

? Capacity & Name, how big will the VM be?
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
NAME Name that the VM will get for description purposes. Yes one-

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MEMORY Amount of RAM required for the VM, in Megabytes. Yes
CPU CPU ratio (e..g half a physical CPU is 0.5). Yes
VCPU Number of virtual cpus. No 1
Disks. Each disk is defined with a DISK attribute. A VM can use three types of disk:
? Use a persistent Image changes to the disk image will persist after the VM is shutdown.

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? Use a non-persistent Image images are cloned, changes to the image will be lost.
? Volatile disks are created on the fly on the target host. After the VM is shutdown the disk is disposed.

Persistent and Clone Disks
Attribute Description Mandatory Default

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IMAGE_ID and IMAGE The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes
IMAGE_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No self
IMAGE_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No self
Volatile
Attribute Description Mandatory Default

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TYPE
Type of the disk: swap, fs. swap type will set the label to swap so it is
easier to mount and the context packages will automatically mount it.
Yes
SIZE size in MB Yes

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FORMAT
filesystem for fs images: ext2, ext3, etc. raw will not format the image. For
VMs to run on vmfs or vmwareshared configurations, the valid values are:
Yes

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34 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Attribute Description Mandatory Default
vmdk_thin, vmdk_zeroedthick, vmdk_eagerzeroedthick

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Network Interfaces. Each network interface of a VM is defined with the NIC attribute.
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
NETWORK_ID and NETWORK The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes
NETWORK_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No Self

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NETWORK_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No Self

The following example shows a VM Template file with a couple of disks and a network interface, also a VNC section
was added.
NAME = test-vm

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MEMORY = 128
CPU = 1

DISK = [ IMAGE = "Arch Linux" ]
DISK = [ TYPE = swap,

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SIZE = 1024 ]

NIC = [ NETWORK = "Public", NETWORK_UNAME="oneadmin" ]

GRAPHICS = [

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TYPE = "vnc",
LISTEN = "0.0.0.0"]
Simple templates can be also created using the command line instead of creating a template file. The parameters to
do this for onetemplate are:

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Parameter

Description
--namename Name for the VM
--cpucpu CPU percentage reserved for the VM (1=100% one CPU)

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35 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Parameter

Description
--vcpuvcpu Number of virtualized CPUs
--archarch Architecture of the VM, e.g.: i386 or x86_64

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--memorymemory Memory ammount given to the VM
--diskdisk0,disk1 Disks to attach. To use a disk owned by other user use user[disk]
--nicvnet0,vnet1 Networks to attach. To use a network owned by other user use user[network]
--rawstring
Raw string to add to the template. Not to be confused with the RAW attribute. If you want

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to provide more than one element, just include an enter inside quotes, instead of using
more than one -raw option
--vnc Add VNC server to the VM
--ssh[file]
Add an ssh public key to the context. If the file is omited then the user variable

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SSH_PUBLIC_KEY will be used.
--net_context Add network contextualization parameters
--contextline1,line2 * Lines to add to the context section
--bootdevice Select boot device (hd, fd, cdrom or network)
A similar template as the previous example can be created with the following command:

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$ onetemplate create --name test-vm --memory 128 --cpu 1 --disk "Arch Linux" --nic Public
Managing Virtual Machines
Assuming we have a VM Template registered called vm-example with ID 6, then we can instantiate the VM issuing
a:
$ onetemplate list

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ID USER GROUP NAME REGTIME
6 oneadminoneadminvm_example 09/28 06:44:07

$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm

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FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice


0 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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College o f Engineering
?

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DEPARTMENT OF
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
VII SEMESTER - R 2013

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Name : ______________________________________
Reg. No. : ______________________________________

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Section : ______________________________________
LABORATORY MANUAL


1 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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DHANALAKSHMI


is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and enterprising

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professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and training.


? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic Excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at different levels

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? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart and
soul

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

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To strive for acquiring, applying and imparting knowledge in Computer Science and Engineering through quality
education and to provide enthusiastic professionals with commitment


? To produce highly competent and globally employable engineers in the field of Computer Science and

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Engineering
? To inculcate human values among the student community and make them realize their commitment to the society
? To exhibit excellence in pursuit of research and innovative products with a zeal to serve the society

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VISION
VISION
MISSION
MISSION

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2 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)
1. Fundamentals

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To provide students with a solid foundation in Mathematics, Science and fundamentals of engineering, enabling
them to apply, to find solutions for engineering problems and use this knowledge to acquire higher education
2. Core Competence
To train the students in Computer science and engineering technologies so that they apply their knowledge and
training to compare, and to analyze various engineering industrial problems to find solutions

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3. Breadth
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice this enables them to
find solutions for the real time problems in industry, and to design products
4. Professionalism
To inculcate professional and effective communication skills, leadership qualities and team spirit in the students

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to make them multi-faceted personalities and develop their ability to relate engineering issues to broader social
context
5. Lifelong Learning/Ethics
To demonstrate and practice ethical and professional responsibilities in the industry and society in the large,
through commitment and lifelong learning needed for successful professional career

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4

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PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)
a) To demonstrate and apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Electronics and Communication Engineering field
b) To design a component, a system or a process to meet the specific needs within the realistic constraints

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such as economics, environment, ethics, health, safety and manufacturability
c) To demonstrate the competency to use software tools for computation, simulation and testing of electronics and
communication engineering circuits
d) To identify, formulate and solve electronic and communication engineering problems
e) To demonstrate an ability to visualize and work on laboratory and multidisciplinary tasks

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f) To function as a member or a leader in multidisciplinary activities
g) To communicate in verbal and written form with fellow engineers and society at large
h) To understand the impact of Electronics and Communication Engineering in the society and demonstrate awareness
of contemporary issues and commitment to give solutions exhibiting social responsibility
i) To demonstrate professional & ethical responsibilities

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j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To participate and succeed in competitive exams

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5 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

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SYLLABUS
Learn the working of ARM processor
Understand the Building Blocks of Embedded Systems
Learn the concept of memory map and memory interface
Know the characteristics of Real Time Systems

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Write programs to interface memory, I/Os with processor
Study the interrupt performance
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
GRID COMPUTING LAB
Use Globus Toolkit or equivalent and do the following:

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1. Develop a new Web Service for Calculator.
2. Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service.
3. Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service.
4. Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs
5. Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus Toolkit.

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6. Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it with and without
GRAM concept.

CLOUD COMPUTING LAB
Use Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent to set up the cloud and demonstrate.

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1. Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines
COURSE OBJECTIVES


6 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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can be utilized at particular time.
2. Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even
after the release of the virtual machine.
3. Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program.

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4. Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other.
5. Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it.
6. Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster.
7. Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE.
8. Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it.

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9. Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits.
? Design and implement applications on the Grid.
? Design and Implement applications on the Cloud.
? Design network objects by applying the networking concepts.
? Create virtualization concept.

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? Design web based applications.
? Apply cloud tools for resource allocation.
? Apply grid tools for network translation.
? Design private cloud using open stack.
COURSE OUTCOMES

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7


CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

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CONTENTS
Sl. No. Name of the Experiment Page No.
CYCLE 1 ? EXPERIMENTS ( GRID COMPUTING)
1
Develop a new Web Service for Calculator 7

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2
Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service 16
3
Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service 19
4

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Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs 22
5
Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus
Toolkit
25

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6
Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it
with and without GRAM concept
27
CYCLE 2 ? EXPERIMENTS (CLOUD COMPUTING)

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1
Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how
many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
34
2

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Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it
holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
36
3 Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program 39
4

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Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to
the other
42
5 Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it 45
6 Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster 47

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7 Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE
ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS
1 Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it 52
2 Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks 55

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8 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO GRID COMPUTING


GRID TECHNOLOGY

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? Flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and
resource
? Grid architecture
? Defined using services and protocols

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? Using the ?sand hourglass? model similar to the TCP/IP protocol stack

"A computational grid is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides dependable, consistent, pervasive and
inexpensive access to high-end computational capabilities."
Grid computing makes it possible to dynamically share and coordinate dispersed, heterogeneous computing

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resources. Flexibility and ubiquity are essential characteristics of Web services technologies such as WSDL (Web
Services Description Language), SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), and UDDI (Universal Description,
Discovery, and Integration).
The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) combines technologies to unlock and exploit grid-attached resources.
OGSA defines mechanisms to create, manage, and exchange information between Grid Services, a special type of

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Web service. The architecture uses WSDL extensively to describe the structure and behavior of a service. Service
descriptions are located and discovered using Web Services Inspection Language (WSIL). By combining elements
from grid computing and Web services technologies, OGSA establishes an extensible and interoperable design and
development framework for Grid Services that includes details for service definition, discovery, and life-cycle
management.

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9 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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GLOBUS TOOLKIT

The Globus Toolkit provides software tools to make it easier to build computational grids and grid-based
applications. The Globus Toolkit is both an open architecture and open source toolkit.

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? The Globus Toolkit is a product of the Globus Alliance (http://www.globus.org)
? It is middleware for developing grids
? The current release is 6.0.
? Four key protocols and APIs
? Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI)

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? Grid Resource Allocation & Mgmt (GRAM)
? Grid Resource Information Protocol (GRIP) and Index Information Protocol (GIIP)
? Grid File Transfer Protocol (GridFTP)
? Implementations on many platforms
? Resources, security systems, data models,

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? Various collective layer protocols & tools
? Info services, replica management, etc.
? A basis for many Grid-enabled tools & apps
FTP, SSH, Condor, SRB, MPI, EDG, GridPort,
GLOBUS TOOLKIT? COMPONENTS

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? Security
? GSI ? Grid Security Infrastructure
? Resource Management
? GRAM ? Grid Resource Allocation Manager
o globusrun

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o RSL
o gatekeeper
o job manager
o DUROC ? Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator
? Information Services

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? MDS ? Monitoring and Discovery Service


10 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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o GRIS ? Grid Resource Information Service
o GIIS ? Grid Index Information Service
o MDS Client
? Data Management
o GridFTP, GASS

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The Globus Toolkit latest version 6.0 includes:
GSI: security
GridFTP: file transfer
GRAM: job execution/resource management
MyProxy: credential repository/certificate authority

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GSI-OpenSSH: GSI secure single sign-on remote shell


11 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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GLOBUS TOOLKIT INSTALLATION PROCEDURE
Step1: For installing Globus Toolkit nothing more easy than download the latest package:
http://toolkit.globus.org/ftppub/gt6/installers/repo/globus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
sudodpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Step2: Update the repositories: sudo apt-get update

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Step3: To install Debian or Ubuntu package, download the globus-toolkit-repo package
from the link above and install it with the command:
root@sysa63:/home/#dpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Do the following for Debian-based systems:
root@sysa63:/home/#apt-get install globus-data-management-client

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12 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 01: DEVELOP A NEW WEB SERVICE FOR CALCULATOR

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Aim:
Develop a Web Service for new Calculator
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Our first web service is an extremely simple Math Web Service, which we'll refer to asMathService. It will
2. allow users to perform the following operations:

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a. Addition
b. Subtraction
3. Furthermore, MathService will have the following resource properties (RPs for short):
a. Value (integer)
b. Last operation performed (string)

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4. We will also add a "Get Value" operation to access the Value RP. Once a new resource is created, the
"value" RP is initialized to zero, and the "last operation" RP is initialized to "NONE". The parameter is
added/subtracted to the "value" RP, and the "last operation" RP is changed to "ADDITION" or
"SUBTRACTION" accordingly. Also, the addition and subtraction operations don't return anything.
5. Writing and deploying a WSRF Web Service is easier than you might think. You just have to follow five

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simple steps.
6. Define the service's interface. This is done with WSDL
7. Implement the service. This is done with Java.
8. Define the deployment parameters. This is done with WSDD and JNDI
9. Compile everything and generate a GAR file. This is done with Ant

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10. Deploy service. This is also done with a GT4 tool

Sample Code:

_instance"

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xmlns ="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"
xmlns:tns="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/examples/core/MathService_instance"
xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsrp="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-
ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.xsd" xmlns:wsrpw="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-

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13 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.wsdl"
xmlns:wsdlpp="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/2004/10/WSDLPreprocessor"

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xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">

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Result:

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Thus the program for developing web service for new calculator was successfully executed.



14 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid by using Web Service for new Calculator

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Applications:
To make a calculator in Windows application using web service


1) What is Web Service?

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2) What are the advantages of web services?
3) What are the different types of web services?
4) What is SOAP?
5) What are the advantages of SOAP web services?
6) What are the disadvantages of SOAP web services?

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7) What is WSDL?
8) What is UDDI?
9) What are RESTful web services?
10) What are the advantages of RESTful web services?
11) What is the difference between SOAP and REST web services?

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12) What is SOA service architecture?
13) What tools are used to deploy web services?
14) What is Web Service architecture?
15) What are the advantages of web services in globus toolkit?
16) What are the different types of web services?

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17) What is SOAP web services?
18) What is UDP and TCP?
19) What is stateless SOA?
20) What is data balancing in WSDL?
Viva-voce

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15 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 02: DEVELOP NEW OGSA-COMPLIANT WEB SERVICE

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Aim:
To develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid Service using .NET language.
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

1. Developed by the Global Grid Forum

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2. Aims to define a common, standard, open architecture for Grid Applications.
3. Defines a set of rules that make up a grid service.
4. Sharing and Coordinated use of diverse resources in Dynamic VO's

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Result:
Thus the program for developing OGSA- Complaint web service was successfully executed.

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16 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid
Service using .NET language
Applications:
? Sharing of information among diverse components of large heterogenous grid systems
? WAN

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1. How would you decide what style of Web Service to use? SOAP WS or REST?
2. Does the service expose data or business logic?

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3. Do consumers and the service providers require a formal contract?
4. Do we need to support multiple data formats?
5. Do we need to make AJAX calls?
6. Is the call synchronous or asynchronous?
7. What level of security is required?

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8. What level of transaction support is required?
9. Do we have limited band width?
10. What tools do you use to test your Web Services?
11. What is the difference between SOA and a Web service?
12. What is a microservice architecture (aka MSA)?

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13. What is data integrity?
14. What is cloud infrastructure?


Viva-voce

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17 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 03: USING APACHE AXIS DEVELOP A GRID SERVICE

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Aim:
To develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Creating the New Level in the Package
2. Edit the Configuration Files

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3. Modify the Service Code
4. Modify the Client
5. Compile and Deploy
6. Starting the Container
7. Compile the Client

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8. Run the Client

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18 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:
Addition was successful
Subtraction was successful

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Multiplication was successful
Division was successful
Current value: 20.

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Result:
Thus the program for Grid Service using Apache Axis was successfully executed.

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19 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Applications:
? To create web service in Java

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? To work with Globus Tool kit standards web service


1. What are the different application integration styles?
2. What is Grid Computing?

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3. What is QOS?
4. What are the derivatives of grid computing?
5. What are the features of data grids?
6. What is load balancing?
7. What is grid infrastructure?

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8. Define ? Distributed Computing.
9. Define ? OSGI.
10. Define ? OSGA.
11. What is the use of API?s in cloud services?
12. What is the difference between cloud and grid?

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13. What is data communication?
14. What are the elements of data communication?

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Viva-voce

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20 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 04: DEVELOP APPLICATIONS USING JAVA OR C/C++ GRID
APIS
Aim:

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To develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
1. Import all the necessary java packages and name the file as GridLayoutDemo.java
2. Set up components to preferred size
3. Add buttons to experiment with Grid Layout
4. Add controls to set up horizontal and vertical gaps

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5. Process the Apply gaps button press
6. Create the GUI
7. Create and set up the window,Set up the content pane and Display the Window
8. Schedule a job for the event dispatch thread
9. Show the application's GUI

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21 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00



Sample Output:

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Figure 1: Horizontal, Left-to-Right Figure 2: Horizontal, Right-to-Left

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Result:
Thus the program to develop an application in java using Grid APIs was successfully executed.

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22 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Applications:
Used for defining a application programme interface for common distributes computing functionality

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1) Describe the two most important advantages of using Distributed/Grid Computing.
2) What is the main function of DNS?
3) Briefly outline two applications of Public Key systems.

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4) Provide one major difference between synchronous and asynchronous communication.
5) Provide one major difference between ASCII and Unicode encodings.
6) Provide two major differences between sequential computing and parallel computing.
7) Write the any three Grid Applications.
8) Give the examples of Hardware service provider.

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9) Give the example of software application ASP.
10) What are grid portals? Give example.
11) What are the high level services including in existing globus tool kit?
12) Name the components available in Nimrod architecture?
13) What are the major objectives of Euro grid project?

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14) What is the application specific work packages identified for the Euro grid?
15) Define dynamic accounting system.

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Viva-voce


23 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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EX.NO. 05: DEVELOP SECURED APPLICATIONS USING BASIC
SECURITY MECHANISMS AVAILABLE IN GLOBUS TOOLKIT.
Aim:
To develop a secured applications using a basic security mechanisms available in Globus toolkit

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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The Globus Toolkit incorporates multiple security components that establish the identity of users or services
(authentication), protect communications, and determine who is allowed to perform what actions (authorization), as
well as manage user credentials.
? GSI C: The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and
certificate management.

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? MyProxy: MyProxy is open source software for managing X.509 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) security
credentials (certificates and private keys).
? GSI-OpenSSH: GSI-OpenSSH is a modified version of OpenSSH that adds support for X.509 proxy
certificate authentication and delegation, providing a single sign-on remote login and file transfer service.
The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and certificate

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management. The authentication API is built using Public KeyInfrastructure (PKI) technologies, e.g. X.509
Certificates and TLS. In addition to authentication it features a delegation mechanism based upon X.509 Proxy
Certificates. Authorization support takes the form of a couple of APIs. The first provides a generic authorization API
that allows callouts to perform access control based on the client's credentials (i.e. the X.509 certificate chain). The
second provides a simple access control list that maps authorized remote entities to local (system) user names. The

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second mechanism also provides callouts that allow third parties to override the default behavior and is currently
used in the Gatekeeper and GridFTP servers. In addition to the above there are various lower level APIs and tools
for managing, discovering and querying certificates.
Components for Grid Security
1. Basic Security Mechanisms

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2. Components for Credential Generation
3. Components for Credential Management


24 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Beyond verifying the identities of users and services, basic Grid security mechanisms leave access control decisions
to services. The Grid community has developed authorization and access control tools for storing and providing
access to system-wide authorization information and for creating a central data store for supporting decentralized
control mechanisms.

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Basic Security Mechanisms
? Pre-Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A non-Web services implementation of the Grid
Security Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI
mechanisms
? Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A Web services implementation of the Grid Security

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Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI mechanisms

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Result:
Thus the program to develop a security application available in Globus toolkit was successfully executed.
Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a secured applications using a basic security
mechanisms available in Globus toolkit

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25 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Applications:
To provide easy acces to best breed open source network security

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1. What are the collective services available in grid computing?
2. What are the basic principles of autonomous computing?
3. What are the four essential characteristics of on demand business?

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4. What are the essential capabilities provided by on demand business?
5. What are the two most important technologies for building semantic webs?
6. Define Peer to Peer computing?
7. What is the combination of Globus GT3 toolkit?
8. What is a GT3 core?

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9. What are the components available in service model?
10. Define WS-Trust
11. Define WS ?Federation
12. Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
13. Who are the actors in CDC?

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14. Mention the scenarios in CDC?
15. What are the functional requirements of CDC on OGSA?

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Viva-voce


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Expt.No. 06: DEVELOP A GRID PORTAL, WHERE USER CAN SUBMIT
A JOB AND GET THE RESULT, IMPLEMENT IT WITH AND WITHOUT
GRAM CONCEPT.
Aim:

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To develop a Grid portal and implement it with and without GRAM concept
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
Multiple times that the likely user interface to grid applications will be through portals, specifically Web portals. A grid
portal may be constructed as a Web page interface to provide easy access to grid applications. The Web user
interface provides user authentication, job submission, job monitoring, and results of the job.

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Globus Resource Allocation Manager (GRAM)
When a job is submitted by a client, the request is sent to the remote host and handled by a gatekeeper daemon.
The gatekeeper creates a job manager to start and monitor the job. When the job is finished, the job manager
sends the status information back to the client and terminates.
The GRAM subsystem consists of the following elements:

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? The globusrun command and associated APIs Resource Specification Language (RSL)
? The gatekeeper daemon The job manager Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator (DUROC)
Each of these elements are described briefly below.
The globusrun command
The globusrun command (or its equivalent API) submits a job to a resource within the grid. This command

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is typically passed an RSL string (see below) that specifies parameters and other properties required to successfully
launch and run the job


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Resource Specification Language (RSL)
RSL is a language used by clients to specify the job to be run. All job submission requests are described in an RSL
string that includes information such as the executable file; its parameters; information about redirection of stdin,
stdout, and stderr; and so on. Basically it provides a standard way of specifying all of the information required to

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execute a job, independent of the target environment. It is then the responsibility of the job manager on the target
system to parse the information and launch the job in the appropriate way.
The syntax of RSL is very straightforward. Each statement is enclosed within parenthesis. Comments are
designated with parenthesis and asterisks, for example, (* this is a comment *). Supported attributes include the
following:

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rsl_substitution: Defines variables
executable: The script or command to be run
arguments: Information or flags to be passed to the executable
stdin: Specifies the remote URL and local file used for the executable stdout: Specifies the remote file to place
standard output from the job stderr: Specifies the remote file to place standard error from the job queue: Specifies the

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queue to submit the job (requires a scheduler) count: Specifies the number of executions
directory: Specifies the directory to run the job
project: Specifies a project account for the job (requires a scheduler) dryRun: Verifies the RSL string but
does not run the job
maxMemory: Specifies the maximum amount of memory in MBs required for the job

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minMemory: Specifies the minimum amount of memory in MBs required for the job
hostCount: Specifies the number of nodes in a cluster required for the job environment: Specifies environment
variables that are required for the job
jobType: Specifies the type of job single process, multi-process, mpi, or condor
maxTime: Specifies the maximum execution wall or cpu time for one execution

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maxWallTime: Specifies the maximum walltime for one execution maxCpuTime: Specifies the maximum
cpu time for one execution
gramMyjob: Specifies the whether the gram myjob interface starts one process/thread (independent) or more
(collective)

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Result:
Thus the program to develop Grid Portal was successfully executed.

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Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid portal and implement it with and
without GRAM concept
Application:

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? It is useful and necessary for interfaces for the performance of operations on the Grid. The Grid
Portal Development Kit (GPDK) facilitates the development of Grid portals and provides several key
reusable components for accessing various Grid services.
? A Grid Portal provides a customizable interface allowing scientists to perform a variety of Grid
operations including remote program submission, file staging, and querying of information services

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from a single, secure gateway.
? The Grid Portal Development Kit leverages off existing Globus/Grid middleware infrastructure as
well as commodity web technology including Java Server Pages and servlets .

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1) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?
2) What are the major goals of OGSA?
3) What are the more specific goals of OGSA?
4) What are the main purposes of use case defined by OGSA?

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5) Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
6) What are the layers available in OGSA architectural organizations?
7) What are the OGSA basic services?
8) What are the two aspects involved in GRAM?
9) What are the two kinds of lifecycle model associated with state data recovery?

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10) What is a GT3 core?
11) What are the major components of default server side framework?
12) What is Grid container?
13) What are the two levels of security available in GT3?
14) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?

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15) What are the two different message-level authentication mechanisms provided by GT3 framework?
16) What are the most common GT3 security handlers?
Viva-voce

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INTRODUCTION TO CLOUD COMPUTING

What is cloud computing?

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Cloud computing means that instead of all the computer hardware and software you're using sitting on your
desktop, or somewhere inside your company's network, it's provided for you as a service by another company and
accessed over the Internet, usually in a completely seamless way. Exactly where the hardware and software is
located and how it all works doesn't matter to you, the user?it's just somewhere up in the nebulous "cloud" that the
Internet represents.

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Cloud computing is a buzzword that means different things to different people. For some, it's just another way of
describing IT (information technology) "outsourcing"; others use it to mean any computing service provided over the
Internet or a similar network; and some define it as any bought-in computer service you use that sits outside your
firewall.
Types of cloud computing

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IT people talk about three different kinds of cloud computing, where different services are being provided for you.
Note that there's a certain amount of vagueness about how these things are defined and some overlap between
them.
? Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) means you're buying access to raw computing hardware over the Net,
such as servers or storage. Since you buy what you need and pay-as-you-go, this is often referred to as

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utility computing. Ordinary web hosting is a simple example of IaaS: you pay a monthly subscription or a
per-megabyte/gigabyte fee to have a hosting company serve up files for your website from their servers.
? Software as a Service (SaaS) means you use a complete application running on someone else's system.
Web-based email and Google Documents are perhaps the best-known examples. Zoho is another well-
known SaaS provider offering a variety of office applications online.

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? Platform as a Service (PaaS) means you develop applications using Web-based tools so they run on
systems software and hardware provided by another company. So, for example, you might develop your
own ecommerce website but have the whole thing, including the shopping cart, checkout, and payment
mechanism running on a merchant's server. App Cloud (from salesforce.com) and the Google App Engine
are examples of PaaS.

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Advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing
Advantages
The pros of cloud computing are obvious and compelling. If your business is selling books or repairing shoes,
why get involved in the nitty gritty of buying and maintaining a complex computer system? If you run an insurance
office, do you really want your sales agents wasting time running anti-virus software, upgrading word-processors, or

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worrying about hard-drive crashes? Do you really want them cluttering your expensive computers with their personal


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emails, illegally shared MP3 files, and naughty YouTube videos?when you could leave that responsibility to
someone else? Cloud computing allows you to buy in only the services you want, when you want them, cutting the
upfront capital costs of computers and peripherals. You avoid equipment going out of date and other familiar IT
problems like ensuring system security and reliability. You can add extra services (or take them away) at a moment's
notice as your business needs change. It's really quick and easy to add new applications or services to your

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business without waiting weeks or months for the new computer (and its software) to arrive.
Drawbacks
Instant convenience comes at a price. Instead of purchasing computers and software, cloud computing means you
buy services, so one-off, upfront capital costs become ongoing operating costs instead. That might work out much
more expensive in the long-term.

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If you're using software as a service (for example, writing a report using an online word processor or sending emails
through webmail), you need a reliable, high-speed, broadband Internet connection functioning the whole time you're
working. That's something we take for granted in countries such as the United States, but it's much more of an issue
in developing countries or rural areas where broadband is unavailable.
An Introduction to Cloud Computing with OpenNebula

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An OpenNebula Private Cloud provides infrastructure users with an elastic platform for fast delivery and scalability of
services to meet dynamic demands of service end-users. Services are hosted in VMs, and then submitted,
monitored and controlled in the Cloud by using Sunstone or any of the OpenNebula interfaces:
? Command Line Interface (CLI)
? XML-RPC API

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? OpenNebulaRuby and Java Cloud APIs
The aim of a Private Cloud is not to expose to the world a cloud interface to sell capacity over the Internet, but to
provide local cloud users and administrators with a flexible and agile private infrastructure to run virtualized service
workloads within the administrative domain. OpenNebula virtual infrastructure interfaces expose user and
administrator functionality for virtualization, networking, image and physical resource configuration, management,

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monitoring and accounting.

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Expt.No.1: FIND PROCEDURE TO RUN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE OF
DIFFERENT CONFIGURATION. CHECK HOW MANY VIRTUAL
MACHINES CAN BE UTILIZED AT PARTICULAR TIME.

Aim:

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To Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be
utilized at particular time
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

Creating Virtual Machines
In OpenNebula the Virtual Machines are defined with Template files. The Template Repository system allows

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OpenNebula administrators and users to register Virtual Machine definitions in the system, to be instantiated later as
Virtual Machine instances. These Templates can be instantiated several times, and also shared with other users.
Virtual Machine Model
A Virtual Machine within the OpenNebula system consists of:
? A capacity in terms memory and CPU

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? A set of NICs attached to one or more virtual networks
? A set of disk images
? A state file (optional) or recovery file, that contains the memory image of a running VM plus some hypervisor
specific information.
The above items, plus some additional VM attributes like the OS kernel and context information to be used inside the

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VM, are specified in a template file.
Defining a VM in 3 Steps
Virtual Machines are defined in an OpenNebula Template. Templates are stored in a repository to easily browse and
instantiate VMs from them. To create a new Template you have to define 3 things

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33 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

? Capacity & Name, how big will the VM be?
Attribute Description Mandatory Default

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NAME Name that the VM will get for description purposes. Yes one-
MEMORY Amount of RAM required for the VM, in Megabytes. Yes
CPU CPU ratio (e..g half a physical CPU is 0.5). Yes
VCPU Number of virtual cpus. No 1
Disks. Each disk is defined with a DISK attribute. A VM can use three types of disk:

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? Use a persistent Image changes to the disk image will persist after the VM is shutdown.
? Use a non-persistent Image images are cloned, changes to the image will be lost.
? Volatile disks are created on the fly on the target host. After the VM is shutdown the disk is disposed.

Persistent and Clone Disks

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Attribute Description Mandatory Default
IMAGE_ID and IMAGE The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes
IMAGE_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No self
IMAGE_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No self
Volatile

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Attribute Description Mandatory Default
TYPE
Type of the disk: swap, fs. swap type will set the label to swap so it is
easier to mount and the context packages will automatically mount it.
Yes

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SIZE size in MB Yes
FORMAT
filesystem for fs images: ext2, ext3, etc. raw will not format the image. For
VMs to run on vmfs or vmwareshared configurations, the valid values are:
Yes

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Attribute Description Mandatory Default

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vmdk_thin, vmdk_zeroedthick, vmdk_eagerzeroedthick

Network Interfaces. Each network interface of a VM is defined with the NIC attribute.
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
NETWORK_ID and NETWORK The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes

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NETWORK_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No Self
NETWORK_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No Self

The following example shows a VM Template file with a couple of disks and a network interface, also a VNC section
was added.

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NAME = test-vm
MEMORY = 128
CPU = 1

DISK = [ IMAGE = "Arch Linux" ]

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DISK = [ TYPE = swap,
SIZE = 1024 ]

NIC = [ NETWORK = "Public", NETWORK_UNAME="oneadmin" ]

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GRAPHICS = [
TYPE = "vnc",
LISTEN = "0.0.0.0"]
Simple templates can be also created using the command line instead of creating a template file. The parameters to
do this for onetemplate are:

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Parameter

Description
--namename Name for the VM

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--cpucpu CPU percentage reserved for the VM (1=100% one CPU)


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Parameter

Description
--vcpuvcpu Number of virtualized CPUs

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--archarch Architecture of the VM, e.g.: i386 or x86_64
--memorymemory Memory ammount given to the VM
--diskdisk0,disk1 Disks to attach. To use a disk owned by other user use user[disk]
--nicvnet0,vnet1 Networks to attach. To use a network owned by other user use user[network]
--rawstring

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Raw string to add to the template. Not to be confused with the RAW attribute. If you want
to provide more than one element, just include an enter inside quotes, instead of using
more than one -raw option
--vnc Add VNC server to the VM
--ssh[file]

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Add an ssh public key to the context. If the file is omited then the user variable
SSH_PUBLIC_KEY will be used.
--net_context Add network contextualization parameters
--contextline1,line2 * Lines to add to the context section
--bootdevice Select boot device (hd, fd, cdrom or network)

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A similar template as the previous example can be created with the following command:
$ onetemplate create --name test-vm --memory 128 --cpu 1 --disk "Arch Linux" --nic Public
Managing Virtual Machines
Assuming we have a VM Template registered called vm-example with ID 6, then we can instantiate the VM issuing
a:

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$ onetemplate list

ID USER GROUP NAME REGTIME
6 oneadminoneadminvm_example 09/28 06:44:07

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$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm


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VM ID: 0
If the template has USER INPUTSdefined the CLI will prompt the user for these values:
$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm

There are some parameters that require user input.

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* (BLOG_TITLE) Blog Title:
* (DB_PASSWORD) Database Password:
VM ID: 0
Afterwards, the VM can be listed with the onevmlist command. You can also use the onevmtop command to list VMs

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continuously.
$ onevm list

ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME
0 oneadminoneadminmy_vm pend 0 0K 00 00:00:03

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After a Scheduling cycle, the VM will be automatically deployed. But the deployment can also be forced by oneadmin
using onevmdeploy:
$ onehost list

ID NAME RVM TCPU FCPU ACPU TMEM FMEM AMEM STAT

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2 testbed 0 800 800 800 16G 16G16G on
$ onevm deploy 0 2

$ onevm list

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ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME
0 oneadminoneadminmy_vmrunn 0 0K testbed 00 00:02:40

$ onevm show 0
VIRTUAL MACHINE 0 INFORMATION

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ID :0
NAME : my_vm
USER : oneadmin
GROUP : oneadmin
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

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0 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

College o f Engineering

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?



DEPARTMENT OF

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COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
VII SEMESTER - R 2013

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Name : ______________________________________
Reg. No. : ______________________________________
Section : ______________________________________

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LABORATORY MANUAL


1 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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DHANALAKSHMI


is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and enterprising
professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and training.

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? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic Excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart and

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soul

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

To strive for acquiring, applying and imparting knowledge in Computer Science and Engineering through quality

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education and to provide enthusiastic professionals with commitment


? To produce highly competent and globally employable engineers in the field of Computer Science and
Engineering

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? To inculcate human values among the student community and make them realize their commitment to the society
? To exhibit excellence in pursuit of research and innovative products with a zeal to serve the society


VISION

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VISION
MISSION
MISSION

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PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)
1. Fundamentals
To provide students with a solid foundation in Mathematics, Science and fundamentals of engineering, enabling

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them to apply, to find solutions for engineering problems and use this knowledge to acquire higher education
2. Core Competence
To train the students in Computer science and engineering technologies so that they apply their knowledge and
training to compare, and to analyze various engineering industrial problems to find solutions
3. Breadth

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To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice this enables them to
find solutions for the real time problems in industry, and to design products
4. Professionalism
To inculcate professional and effective communication skills, leadership qualities and team spirit in the students
to make them multi-faceted personalities and develop their ability to relate engineering issues to broader social

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context
5. Lifelong Learning/Ethics
To demonstrate and practice ethical and professional responsibilities in the industry and society in the large,
through commitment and lifelong learning needed for successful professional career

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4

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PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)
a) To demonstrate and apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Electronics and Communication Engineering field
b) To design a component, a system or a process to meet the specific needs within the realistic constraints
such as economics, environment, ethics, health, safety and manufacturability

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c) To demonstrate the competency to use software tools for computation, simulation and testing of electronics and
communication engineering circuits
d) To identify, formulate and solve electronic and communication engineering problems
e) To demonstrate an ability to visualize and work on laboratory and multidisciplinary tasks
f) To function as a member or a leader in multidisciplinary activities

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g) To communicate in verbal and written form with fellow engineers and society at large
h) To understand the impact of Electronics and Communication Engineering in the society and demonstrate awareness
of contemporary issues and commitment to give solutions exhibiting social responsibility
i) To demonstrate professional & ethical responsibilities
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning

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k) To participate and succeed in competitive exams

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CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

SYLLABUS

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Learn the working of ARM processor
Understand the Building Blocks of Embedded Systems
Learn the concept of memory map and memory interface
Know the characteristics of Real Time Systems
Write programs to interface memory, I/Os with processor

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Study the interrupt performance
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
GRID COMPUTING LAB
Use Globus Toolkit or equivalent and do the following:
1. Develop a new Web Service for Calculator.

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2. Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service.
3. Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service.
4. Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs
5. Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus Toolkit.
6. Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it with and without

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GRAM concept.

CLOUD COMPUTING LAB
Use Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent to set up the cloud and demonstrate.
1. Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines

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COURSE OBJECTIVES


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can be utilized at particular time.
2. Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even
after the release of the virtual machine.
3. Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program.
4. Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other.

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5. Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it.
6. Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster.
7. Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE.
8. Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it.
9. Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits.

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid.
? Design and Implement applications on the Cloud.
? Design network objects by applying the networking concepts.
? Create virtualization concept.
? Design web based applications.

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? Apply cloud tools for resource allocation.
? Apply grid tools for network translation.
? Design private cloud using open stack.
COURSE OUTCOMES

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7


CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
CONTENTS

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Sl. No. Name of the Experiment Page No.
CYCLE 1 ? EXPERIMENTS ( GRID COMPUTING)
1
Develop a new Web Service for Calculator 7
2

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Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service 16
3
Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service 19
4
Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs 22

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5
Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus
Toolkit
25
6

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Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it
with and without GRAM concept
27
CYCLE 2 ? EXPERIMENTS (CLOUD COMPUTING)
1

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Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how
many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
34
2
Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it

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holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
36
3 Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program 39
4
Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to

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the other
42
5 Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it 45
6 Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster 47
7 Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE

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ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS
1 Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it 52
2 Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks 55

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INTRODUCTION TO GRID COMPUTING


GRID TECHNOLOGY

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? Flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and
resource
? Grid architecture
? Defined using services and protocols
? Using the ?sand hourglass? model similar to the TCP/IP protocol stack

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"A computational grid is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides dependable, consistent, pervasive and
inexpensive access to high-end computational capabilities."
Grid computing makes it possible to dynamically share and coordinate dispersed, heterogeneous computing
resources. Flexibility and ubiquity are essential characteristics of Web services technologies such as WSDL (Web

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Services Description Language), SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), and UDDI (Universal Description,
Discovery, and Integration).
The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) combines technologies to unlock and exploit grid-attached resources.
OGSA defines mechanisms to create, manage, and exchange information between Grid Services, a special type of
Web service. The architecture uses WSDL extensively to describe the structure and behavior of a service. Service

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descriptions are located and discovered using Web Services Inspection Language (WSIL). By combining elements
from grid computing and Web services technologies, OGSA establishes an extensible and interoperable design and
development framework for Grid Services that includes details for service definition, discovery, and life-cycle
management.

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9 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


GLOBUS TOOLKIT

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The Globus Toolkit provides software tools to make it easier to build computational grids and grid-based
applications. The Globus Toolkit is both an open architecture and open source toolkit.

? The Globus Toolkit is a product of the Globus Alliance (http://www.globus.org)

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? It is middleware for developing grids
? The current release is 6.0.
? Four key protocols and APIs
? Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI)
? Grid Resource Allocation & Mgmt (GRAM)

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? Grid Resource Information Protocol (GRIP) and Index Information Protocol (GIIP)
? Grid File Transfer Protocol (GridFTP)
? Implementations on many platforms
? Resources, security systems, data models,
? Various collective layer protocols & tools

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? Info services, replica management, etc.
? A basis for many Grid-enabled tools & apps
FTP, SSH, Condor, SRB, MPI, EDG, GridPort,
GLOBUS TOOLKIT? COMPONENTS
? Security

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? GSI ? Grid Security Infrastructure
? Resource Management
? GRAM ? Grid Resource Allocation Manager
o globusrun
o RSL

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o gatekeeper
o job manager
o DUROC ? Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator
? Information Services
? MDS ? Monitoring and Discovery Service

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10 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

o GRIS ? Grid Resource Information Service

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o GIIS ? Grid Index Information Service
o MDS Client
? Data Management
o GridFTP, GASS
The Globus Toolkit latest version 6.0 includes:

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GSI: security
GridFTP: file transfer
GRAM: job execution/resource management
MyProxy: credential repository/certificate authority
GSI-OpenSSH: GSI secure single sign-on remote shell

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11 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

GLOBUS TOOLKIT INSTALLATION PROCEDURE

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Step1: For installing Globus Toolkit nothing more easy than download the latest package:
http://toolkit.globus.org/ftppub/gt6/installers/repo/globus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
sudodpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Step2: Update the repositories: sudo apt-get update
Step3: To install Debian or Ubuntu package, download the globus-toolkit-repo package

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from the link above and install it with the command:
root@sysa63:/home/#dpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Do the following for Debian-based systems:
root@sysa63:/home/#apt-get install globus-data-management-client

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12 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 01: DEVELOP A NEW WEB SERVICE FOR CALCULATOR

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Aim:
Develop a Web Service for new Calculator
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Our first web service is an extremely simple Math Web Service, which we'll refer to asMathService. It will
2. allow users to perform the following operations:
a. Addition

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b. Subtraction
3. Furthermore, MathService will have the following resource properties (RPs for short):
a. Value (integer)
b. Last operation performed (string)
4. We will also add a "Get Value" operation to access the Value RP. Once a new resource is created, the

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"value" RP is initialized to zero, and the "last operation" RP is initialized to "NONE". The parameter is
added/subtracted to the "value" RP, and the "last operation" RP is changed to "ADDITION" or
"SUBTRACTION" accordingly. Also, the addition and subtraction operations don't return anything.
5. Writing and deploying a WSRF Web Service is easier than you might think. You just have to follow five
simple steps.

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6. Define the service's interface. This is done with WSDL
7. Implement the service. This is done with Java.
8. Define the deployment parameters. This is done with WSDD and JNDI
9. Compile everything and generate a GAR file. This is done with Ant
10. Deploy service. This is also done with a GT4 tool

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Sample Code:

_instance"
xmlns ="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"

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xmlns:tns="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/examples/core/MathService_instance"
xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsrp="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-
ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.xsd" xmlns:wsrpw="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-

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13 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.wsdl"
xmlns:wsdlpp="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/2004/10/WSDLPreprocessor"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">

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Result:
Thus the program for developing web service for new calculator was successfully executed.

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14 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid by using Web Service for new Calculator
Applications:

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To make a calculator in Windows application using web service


1) What is Web Service?
2) What are the advantages of web services?

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3) What are the different types of web services?
4) What is SOAP?
5) What are the advantages of SOAP web services?
6) What are the disadvantages of SOAP web services?
7) What is WSDL?

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8) What is UDDI?
9) What are RESTful web services?
10) What are the advantages of RESTful web services?
11) What is the difference between SOAP and REST web services?
12) What is SOA service architecture?

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13) What tools are used to deploy web services?
14) What is Web Service architecture?
15) What are the advantages of web services in globus toolkit?
16) What are the different types of web services?
17) What is SOAP web services?

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18) What is UDP and TCP?
19) What is stateless SOA?
20) What is data balancing in WSDL?
Viva-voce

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15 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 02: DEVELOP NEW OGSA-COMPLIANT WEB SERVICE

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Aim:
To develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid Service using .NET language.
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

1. Developed by the Global Grid Forum
2. Aims to define a common, standard, open architecture for Grid Applications.

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3. Defines a set of rules that make up a grid service.
4. Sharing and Coordinated use of diverse resources in Dynamic VO's

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Result:
Thus the program for developing OGSA- Complaint web service was successfully executed.


16 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid

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Service using .NET language
Applications:
? Sharing of information among diverse components of large heterogenous grid systems
? WAN

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1. How would you decide what style of Web Service to use? SOAP WS or REST?
2. Does the service expose data or business logic?
3. Do consumers and the service providers require a formal contract?

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4. Do we need to support multiple data formats?
5. Do we need to make AJAX calls?
6. Is the call synchronous or asynchronous?
7. What level of security is required?
8. What level of transaction support is required?

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9. Do we have limited band width?
10. What tools do you use to test your Web Services?
11. What is the difference between SOA and a Web service?
12. What is a microservice architecture (aka MSA)?
13. What is data integrity?

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14. What is cloud infrastructure?


Viva-voce

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17 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 03: USING APACHE AXIS DEVELOP A GRID SERVICE

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Aim:
To develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Creating the New Level in the Package
2. Edit the Configuration Files
3. Modify the Service Code

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4. Modify the Client
5. Compile and Deploy
6. Starting the Container
7. Compile the Client
8. Run the Client

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18 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:
Addition was successful
Subtraction was successful
Multiplication was successful

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Division was successful
Current value: 20.

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Result:
Thus the program for Grid Service using Apache Axis was successfully executed.

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19 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Applications:
? To create web service in Java
? To work with Globus Tool kit standards web service

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1. What are the different application integration styles?
2. What is Grid Computing?
3. What is QOS?

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4. What are the derivatives of grid computing?
5. What are the features of data grids?
6. What is load balancing?
7. What is grid infrastructure?
8. Define ? Distributed Computing.

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9. Define ? OSGI.
10. Define ? OSGA.
11. What is the use of API?s in cloud services?
12. What is the difference between cloud and grid?
13. What is data communication?

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14. What are the elements of data communication?

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Viva-voce


20 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 04: DEVELOP APPLICATIONS USING JAVA OR C/C++ GRID
APIS
Aim:
To develop an application in Java using Grid APIs

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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1. Import all the necessary java packages and name the file as GridLayoutDemo.java
2. Set up components to preferred size
3. Add buttons to experiment with Grid Layout
4. Add controls to set up horizontal and vertical gaps
5. Process the Apply gaps button press

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6. Create the GUI
7. Create and set up the window,Set up the content pane and Display the Window
8. Schedule a job for the event dispatch thread
9. Show the application's GUI

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21 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:

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Figure 1: Horizontal, Left-to-Right Figure 2: Horizontal, Right-to-Left

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Result:
Thus the program to develop an application in java using Grid APIs was successfully executed.

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22 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Applications:
Used for defining a application programme interface for common distributes computing functionality

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1) Describe the two most important advantages of using Distributed/Grid Computing.
2) What is the main function of DNS?
3) Briefly outline two applications of Public Key systems.
4) Provide one major difference between synchronous and asynchronous communication.

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5) Provide one major difference between ASCII and Unicode encodings.
6) Provide two major differences between sequential computing and parallel computing.
7) Write the any three Grid Applications.
8) Give the examples of Hardware service provider.
9) Give the example of software application ASP.

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10) What are grid portals? Give example.
11) What are the high level services including in existing globus tool kit?
12) Name the components available in Nimrod architecture?
13) What are the major objectives of Euro grid project?
14) What is the application specific work packages identified for the Euro grid?

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15) Define dynamic accounting system.

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Viva-voce


23 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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EX.NO. 05: DEVELOP SECURED APPLICATIONS USING BASIC
SECURITY MECHANISMS AVAILABLE IN GLOBUS TOOLKIT.
Aim:
To develop a secured applications using a basic security mechanisms available in Globus toolkit
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
The Globus Toolkit incorporates multiple security components that establish the identity of users or services

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(authentication), protect communications, and determine who is allowed to perform what actions (authorization), as
well as manage user credentials.
? GSI C: The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and
certificate management.
? MyProxy: MyProxy is open source software for managing X.509 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) security

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credentials (certificates and private keys).
? GSI-OpenSSH: GSI-OpenSSH is a modified version of OpenSSH that adds support for X.509 proxy
certificate authentication and delegation, providing a single sign-on remote login and file transfer service.
The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and certificate
management. The authentication API is built using Public KeyInfrastructure (PKI) technologies, e.g. X.509

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Certificates and TLS. In addition to authentication it features a delegation mechanism based upon X.509 Proxy
Certificates. Authorization support takes the form of a couple of APIs. The first provides a generic authorization API
that allows callouts to perform access control based on the client's credentials (i.e. the X.509 certificate chain). The
second provides a simple access control list that maps authorized remote entities to local (system) user names. The
second mechanism also provides callouts that allow third parties to override the default behavior and is currently

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used in the Gatekeeper and GridFTP servers. In addition to the above there are various lower level APIs and tools
for managing, discovering and querying certificates.
Components for Grid Security
1. Basic Security Mechanisms
2. Components for Credential Generation

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3. Components for Credential Management


24 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Beyond verifying the identities of users and services, basic Grid security mechanisms leave access control decisions
to services. The Grid community has developed authorization and access control tools for storing and providing
access to system-wide authorization information and for creating a central data store for supporting decentralized
control mechanisms.
Basic Security Mechanisms

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? Pre-Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A non-Web services implementation of the Grid
Security Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI
mechanisms
? Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A Web services implementation of the Grid Security
Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI mechanisms

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Result:
Thus the program to develop a security application available in Globus toolkit was successfully executed.
Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a secured applications using a basic security
mechanisms available in Globus toolkit

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25 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Applications:
To provide easy acces to best breed open source network security

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1. What are the collective services available in grid computing?
2. What are the basic principles of autonomous computing?
3. What are the four essential characteristics of on demand business?
4. What are the essential capabilities provided by on demand business?

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5. What are the two most important technologies for building semantic webs?
6. Define Peer to Peer computing?
7. What is the combination of Globus GT3 toolkit?
8. What is a GT3 core?
9. What are the components available in service model?

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10. Define WS-Trust
11. Define WS ?Federation
12. Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
13. Who are the actors in CDC?
14. Mention the scenarios in CDC?

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15. What are the functional requirements of CDC on OGSA?

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Viva-voce


26 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 06: DEVELOP A GRID PORTAL, WHERE USER CAN SUBMIT
A JOB AND GET THE RESULT, IMPLEMENT IT WITH AND WITHOUT
GRAM CONCEPT.
Aim:
To develop a Grid portal and implement it with and without GRAM concept

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
Multiple times that the likely user interface to grid applications will be through portals, specifically Web portals. A grid
portal may be constructed as a Web page interface to provide easy access to grid applications. The Web user
interface provides user authentication, job submission, job monitoring, and results of the job.
Globus Resource Allocation Manager (GRAM)

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When a job is submitted by a client, the request is sent to the remote host and handled by a gatekeeper daemon.
The gatekeeper creates a job manager to start and monitor the job. When the job is finished, the job manager
sends the status information back to the client and terminates.
The GRAM subsystem consists of the following elements:
? The globusrun command and associated APIs Resource Specification Language (RSL)

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? The gatekeeper daemon The job manager Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator (DUROC)
Each of these elements are described briefly below.
The globusrun command
The globusrun command (or its equivalent API) submits a job to a resource within the grid. This command
is typically passed an RSL string (see below) that specifies parameters and other properties required to successfully

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launch and run the job


27 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Resource Specification Language (RSL)
RSL is a language used by clients to specify the job to be run. All job submission requests are described in an RSL
string that includes information such as the executable file; its parameters; information about redirection of stdin,
stdout, and stderr; and so on. Basically it provides a standard way of specifying all of the information required to
execute a job, independent of the target environment. It is then the responsibility of the job manager on the target

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system to parse the information and launch the job in the appropriate way.
The syntax of RSL is very straightforward. Each statement is enclosed within parenthesis. Comments are
designated with parenthesis and asterisks, for example, (* this is a comment *). Supported attributes include the
following:
rsl_substitution: Defines variables

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executable: The script or command to be run
arguments: Information or flags to be passed to the executable
stdin: Specifies the remote URL and local file used for the executable stdout: Specifies the remote file to place
standard output from the job stderr: Specifies the remote file to place standard error from the job queue: Specifies the
queue to submit the job (requires a scheduler) count: Specifies the number of executions

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directory: Specifies the directory to run the job
project: Specifies a project account for the job (requires a scheduler) dryRun: Verifies the RSL string but
does not run the job
maxMemory: Specifies the maximum amount of memory in MBs required for the job
minMemory: Specifies the minimum amount of memory in MBs required for the job

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hostCount: Specifies the number of nodes in a cluster required for the job environment: Specifies environment
variables that are required for the job
jobType: Specifies the type of job single process, multi-process, mpi, or condor
maxTime: Specifies the maximum execution wall or cpu time for one execution
maxWallTime: Specifies the maximum walltime for one execution maxCpuTime: Specifies the maximum

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cpu time for one execution
gramMyjob: Specifies the whether the gram myjob interface starts one process/thread (independent) or more
(collective)

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28 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to develop Grid Portal was successfully executed.

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29 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid portal and implement it with and
without GRAM concept
Application:
? It is useful and necessary for interfaces for the performance of operations on the Grid. The Grid

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Portal Development Kit (GPDK) facilitates the development of Grid portals and provides several key
reusable components for accessing various Grid services.
? A Grid Portal provides a customizable interface allowing scientists to perform a variety of Grid
operations including remote program submission, file staging, and querying of information services
from a single, secure gateway.

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? The Grid Portal Development Kit leverages off existing Globus/Grid middleware infrastructure as
well as commodity web technology including Java Server Pages and servlets .

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1) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?
2) What are the major goals of OGSA?
3) What are the more specific goals of OGSA?
4) What are the main purposes of use case defined by OGSA?
5) Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?

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6) What are the layers available in OGSA architectural organizations?
7) What are the OGSA basic services?
8) What are the two aspects involved in GRAM?
9) What are the two kinds of lifecycle model associated with state data recovery?
10) What is a GT3 core?

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11) What are the major components of default server side framework?
12) What is Grid container?
13) What are the two levels of security available in GT3?
14) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?
15) What are the two different message-level authentication mechanisms provided by GT3 framework?

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16) What are the most common GT3 security handlers?
Viva-voce


30 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO CLOUD COMPUTING

What is cloud computing?
Cloud computing means that instead of all the computer hardware and software you're using sitting on your

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desktop, or somewhere inside your company's network, it's provided for you as a service by another company and
accessed over the Internet, usually in a completely seamless way. Exactly where the hardware and software is
located and how it all works doesn't matter to you, the user?it's just somewhere up in the nebulous "cloud" that the
Internet represents.
Cloud computing is a buzzword that means different things to different people. For some, it's just another way of

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describing IT (information technology) "outsourcing"; others use it to mean any computing service provided over the
Internet or a similar network; and some define it as any bought-in computer service you use that sits outside your
firewall.
Types of cloud computing
IT people talk about three different kinds of cloud computing, where different services are being provided for you.

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Note that there's a certain amount of vagueness about how these things are defined and some overlap between
them.
? Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) means you're buying access to raw computing hardware over the Net,
such as servers or storage. Since you buy what you need and pay-as-you-go, this is often referred to as
utility computing. Ordinary web hosting is a simple example of IaaS: you pay a monthly subscription or a

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per-megabyte/gigabyte fee to have a hosting company serve up files for your website from their servers.
? Software as a Service (SaaS) means you use a complete application running on someone else's system.
Web-based email and Google Documents are perhaps the best-known examples. Zoho is another well-
known SaaS provider offering a variety of office applications online.
? Platform as a Service (PaaS) means you develop applications using Web-based tools so they run on

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systems software and hardware provided by another company. So, for example, you might develop your
own ecommerce website but have the whole thing, including the shopping cart, checkout, and payment
mechanism running on a merchant's server. App Cloud (from salesforce.com) and the Google App Engine
are examples of PaaS.
Advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing

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Advantages
The pros of cloud computing are obvious and compelling. If your business is selling books or repairing shoes,
why get involved in the nitty gritty of buying and maintaining a complex computer system? If you run an insurance
office, do you really want your sales agents wasting time running anti-virus software, upgrading word-processors, or
worrying about hard-drive crashes? Do you really want them cluttering your expensive computers with their personal

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31 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

emails, illegally shared MP3 files, and naughty YouTube videos?when you could leave that responsibility to

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someone else? Cloud computing allows you to buy in only the services you want, when you want them, cutting the
upfront capital costs of computers and peripherals. You avoid equipment going out of date and other familiar IT
problems like ensuring system security and reliability. You can add extra services (or take them away) at a moment's
notice as your business needs change. It's really quick and easy to add new applications or services to your
business without waiting weeks or months for the new computer (and its software) to arrive.

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Drawbacks
Instant convenience comes at a price. Instead of purchasing computers and software, cloud computing means you
buy services, so one-off, upfront capital costs become ongoing operating costs instead. That might work out much
more expensive in the long-term.
If you're using software as a service (for example, writing a report using an online word processor or sending emails

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through webmail), you need a reliable, high-speed, broadband Internet connection functioning the whole time you're
working. That's something we take for granted in countries such as the United States, but it's much more of an issue
in developing countries or rural areas where broadband is unavailable.
An Introduction to Cloud Computing with OpenNebula
An OpenNebula Private Cloud provides infrastructure users with an elastic platform for fast delivery and scalability of

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services to meet dynamic demands of service end-users. Services are hosted in VMs, and then submitted,
monitored and controlled in the Cloud by using Sunstone or any of the OpenNebula interfaces:
? Command Line Interface (CLI)
? XML-RPC API
? OpenNebulaRuby and Java Cloud APIs

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The aim of a Private Cloud is not to expose to the world a cloud interface to sell capacity over the Internet, but to
provide local cloud users and administrators with a flexible and agile private infrastructure to run virtualized service
workloads within the administrative domain. OpenNebula virtual infrastructure interfaces expose user and
administrator functionality for virtualization, networking, image and physical resource configuration, management,
monitoring and accounting.

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32 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


Expt.No.1: FIND PROCEDURE TO RUN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE OF

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DIFFERENT CONFIGURATION. CHECK HOW MANY VIRTUAL
MACHINES CAN BE UTILIZED AT PARTICULAR TIME.

Aim:
To Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be

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utilized at particular time
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:

Creating Virtual Machines
In OpenNebula the Virtual Machines are defined with Template files. The Template Repository system allows
OpenNebula administrators and users to register Virtual Machine definitions in the system, to be instantiated later as

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Virtual Machine instances. These Templates can be instantiated several times, and also shared with other users.
Virtual Machine Model
A Virtual Machine within the OpenNebula system consists of:
? A capacity in terms memory and CPU
? A set of NICs attached to one or more virtual networks

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? A set of disk images
? A state file (optional) or recovery file, that contains the memory image of a running VM plus some hypervisor
specific information.
The above items, plus some additional VM attributes like the OS kernel and context information to be used inside the
VM, are specified in a template file.

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Defining a VM in 3 Steps
Virtual Machines are defined in an OpenNebula Template. Templates are stored in a repository to easily browse and
instantiate VMs from them. To create a new Template you have to define 3 things

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33 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

? Capacity & Name, how big will the VM be?
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
NAME Name that the VM will get for description purposes. Yes one-

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MEMORY Amount of RAM required for the VM, in Megabytes. Yes
CPU CPU ratio (e..g half a physical CPU is 0.5). Yes
VCPU Number of virtual cpus. No 1
Disks. Each disk is defined with a DISK attribute. A VM can use three types of disk:
? Use a persistent Image changes to the disk image will persist after the VM is shutdown.

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? Use a non-persistent Image images are cloned, changes to the image will be lost.
? Volatile disks are created on the fly on the target host. After the VM is shutdown the disk is disposed.

Persistent and Clone Disks
Attribute Description Mandatory Default

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IMAGE_ID and IMAGE The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes
IMAGE_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No self
IMAGE_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No self
Volatile
Attribute Description Mandatory Default

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TYPE
Type of the disk: swap, fs. swap type will set the label to swap so it is
easier to mount and the context packages will automatically mount it.
Yes
SIZE size in MB Yes

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FORMAT
filesystem for fs images: ext2, ext3, etc. raw will not format the image. For
VMs to run on vmfs or vmwareshared configurations, the valid values are:
Yes

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34 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Attribute Description Mandatory Default
vmdk_thin, vmdk_zeroedthick, vmdk_eagerzeroedthick

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Network Interfaces. Each network interface of a VM is defined with the NIC attribute.
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
NETWORK_ID and NETWORK The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes
NETWORK_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No Self

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NETWORK_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No Self

The following example shows a VM Template file with a couple of disks and a network interface, also a VNC section
was added.
NAME = test-vm

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MEMORY = 128
CPU = 1

DISK = [ IMAGE = "Arch Linux" ]
DISK = [ TYPE = swap,

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SIZE = 1024 ]

NIC = [ NETWORK = "Public", NETWORK_UNAME="oneadmin" ]

GRAPHICS = [

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TYPE = "vnc",
LISTEN = "0.0.0.0"]
Simple templates can be also created using the command line instead of creating a template file. The parameters to
do this for onetemplate are:

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Parameter

Description
--namename Name for the VM
--cpucpu CPU percentage reserved for the VM (1=100% one CPU)

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35 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Parameter

Description
--vcpuvcpu Number of virtualized CPUs
--archarch Architecture of the VM, e.g.: i386 or x86_64

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--memorymemory Memory ammount given to the VM
--diskdisk0,disk1 Disks to attach. To use a disk owned by other user use user[disk]
--nicvnet0,vnet1 Networks to attach. To use a network owned by other user use user[network]
--rawstring
Raw string to add to the template. Not to be confused with the RAW attribute. If you want

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to provide more than one element, just include an enter inside quotes, instead of using
more than one -raw option
--vnc Add VNC server to the VM
--ssh[file]
Add an ssh public key to the context. If the file is omited then the user variable

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SSH_PUBLIC_KEY will be used.
--net_context Add network contextualization parameters
--contextline1,line2 * Lines to add to the context section
--bootdevice Select boot device (hd, fd, cdrom or network)
A similar template as the previous example can be created with the following command:

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$ onetemplate create --name test-vm --memory 128 --cpu 1 --disk "Arch Linux" --nic Public
Managing Virtual Machines
Assuming we have a VM Template registered called vm-example with ID 6, then we can instantiate the VM issuing
a:
$ onetemplate list

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ID USER GROUP NAME REGTIME
6 oneadminoneadminvm_example 09/28 06:44:07

$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm

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36 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

VM ID: 0

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If the template has USER INPUTSdefined the CLI will prompt the user for these values:
$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm

There are some parameters that require user input.

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* (BLOG_TITLE) Blog Title:
* (DB_PASSWORD) Database Password:
VM ID: 0
Afterwards, the VM can be listed with the onevmlist command. You can also use the onevmtop command to list VMs
continuously.

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$ onevm list

ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME
0 oneadminoneadminmy_vm pend 0 0K 00 00:00:03
After a Scheduling cycle, the VM will be automatically deployed. But the deployment can also be forced by oneadmin

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using onevmdeploy:
$ onehost list

ID NAME RVM TCPU FCPU ACPU TMEM FMEM AMEM STAT
2 testbed 0 800 800 800 16G 16G16G on

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$ onevm deploy 0 2

$ onevm list

ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME

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0 oneadminoneadminmy_vmrunn 0 0K testbed 00 00:02:40

$ onevm show 0
VIRTUAL MACHINE 0 INFORMATION
ID :0

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NAME : my_vm
USER : oneadmin
GROUP : oneadmin

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37 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

STATE : ACTIVE
LCM_STATE : RUNNING
START TIME : 04/14 09:00:24

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END TIME : -
DEPLOY ID: : one-0
PERMISSIONS
OWNER : um-
GROUP : ---

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OTHER : ---
VIRTUAL MACHINE MONITORING
NET_TX : 13.05
NET_RX : 0
USED MEMORY : 512

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USED CPU : 0
VIRTUAL MACHINE TEMPLATE
VIRTUAL MACHINE HISTORY

SEQ HOSTNAME REASON START TIME PTIME

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0 testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00
testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00

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FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice


0 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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College o f Engineering
?

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DEPARTMENT OF
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

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VII SEMESTER - R 2013

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Name : ______________________________________

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Reg. No. : ______________________________________
Section : ______________________________________
LABORATORY MANUAL

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1 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

DHANALAKSHMI

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is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and enterprising
professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and training.


? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry

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? To contribute to the promotion of Academic Excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart and
soul

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

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To strive for acquiring, applying and imparting knowledge in Computer Science and Engineering through quality
education and to provide enthusiastic professionals with commitment

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? To produce highly competent and globally employable engineers in the field of Computer Science and
Engineering
? To inculcate human values among the student community and make them realize their commitment to the society
? To exhibit excellence in pursuit of research and innovative products with a zeal to serve the society

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VISION
VISION
MISSION
MISSION

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2 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)

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1. Fundamentals
To provide students with a solid foundation in Mathematics, Science and fundamentals of engineering, enabling
them to apply, to find solutions for engineering problems and use this knowledge to acquire higher education
2. Core Competence
To train the students in Computer science and engineering technologies so that they apply their knowledge and

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training to compare, and to analyze various engineering industrial problems to find solutions
3. Breadth
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice this enables them to
find solutions for the real time problems in industry, and to design products
4. Professionalism

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To inculcate professional and effective communication skills, leadership qualities and team spirit in the students
to make them multi-faceted personalities and develop their ability to relate engineering issues to broader social
context
5. Lifelong Learning/Ethics
To demonstrate and practice ethical and professional responsibilities in the industry and society in the large,

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through commitment and lifelong learning needed for successful professional career



4

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PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)
a) To demonstrate and apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Electronics and Communication Engineering field

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b) To design a component, a system or a process to meet the specific needs within the realistic constraints
such as economics, environment, ethics, health, safety and manufacturability
c) To demonstrate the competency to use software tools for computation, simulation and testing of electronics and
communication engineering circuits
d) To identify, formulate and solve electronic and communication engineering problems

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e) To demonstrate an ability to visualize and work on laboratory and multidisciplinary tasks
f) To function as a member or a leader in multidisciplinary activities
g) To communicate in verbal and written form with fellow engineers and society at large
h) To understand the impact of Electronics and Communication Engineering in the society and demonstrate awareness
of contemporary issues and commitment to give solutions exhibiting social responsibility

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i) To demonstrate professional & ethical responsibilities
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To participate and succeed in competitive exams

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5 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

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SYLLABUS
Learn the working of ARM processor
Understand the Building Blocks of Embedded Systems
Learn the concept of memory map and memory interface

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Know the characteristics of Real Time Systems
Write programs to interface memory, I/Os with processor
Study the interrupt performance
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
GRID COMPUTING LAB

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Use Globus Toolkit or equivalent and do the following:
1. Develop a new Web Service for Calculator.
2. Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service.
3. Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service.
4. Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs

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5. Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus Toolkit.
6. Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it with and without
GRAM concept.

CLOUD COMPUTING LAB

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Use Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent to set up the cloud and demonstrate.
1. Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines
COURSE OBJECTIVES

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6 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

can be utilized at particular time.
2. Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even
after the release of the virtual machine.

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3. Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program.
4. Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other.
5. Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it.
6. Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster.
7. Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE.

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8. Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it.
9. Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits.
? Design and implement applications on the Grid.
? Design and Implement applications on the Cloud.
? Design network objects by applying the networking concepts.

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? Create virtualization concept.
? Design web based applications.
? Apply cloud tools for resource allocation.
? Apply grid tools for network translation.
? Design private cloud using open stack.

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COURSE OUTCOMES

7

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CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
CONTENTS
Sl. No. Name of the Experiment Page No.
CYCLE 1 ? EXPERIMENTS ( GRID COMPUTING)
1

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Develop a new Web Service for Calculator 7
2
Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service 16
3
Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service 19

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4
Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs 22
5
Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus
Toolkit

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25
6
Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it
with and without GRAM concept
27

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CYCLE 2 ? EXPERIMENTS (CLOUD COMPUTING)
1
Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how
many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
34

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2
Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it
holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
36
3 Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program 39

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4
Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to
the other
42
5 Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it 45

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6 Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster 47
7 Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE
ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS
1 Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it 52
2 Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks 55

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8 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO GRID COMPUTING

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GRID TECHNOLOGY

? Flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and
resource
? Grid architecture

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? Defined using services and protocols
? Using the ?sand hourglass? model similar to the TCP/IP protocol stack

"A computational grid is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides dependable, consistent, pervasive and
inexpensive access to high-end computational capabilities."

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Grid computing makes it possible to dynamically share and coordinate dispersed, heterogeneous computing
resources. Flexibility and ubiquity are essential characteristics of Web services technologies such as WSDL (Web
Services Description Language), SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), and UDDI (Universal Description,
Discovery, and Integration).
The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) combines technologies to unlock and exploit grid-attached resources.

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OGSA defines mechanisms to create, manage, and exchange information between Grid Services, a special type of
Web service. The architecture uses WSDL extensively to describe the structure and behavior of a service. Service
descriptions are located and discovered using Web Services Inspection Language (WSIL). By combining elements
from grid computing and Web services technologies, OGSA establishes an extensible and interoperable design and
development framework for Grid Services that includes details for service definition, discovery, and life-cycle

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management.


9 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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GLOBUS TOOLKIT

The Globus Toolkit provides software tools to make it easier to build computational grids and grid-based
applications. The Globus Toolkit is both an open architecture and open source toolkit.

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? The Globus Toolkit is a product of the Globus Alliance (http://www.globus.org)
? It is middleware for developing grids
? The current release is 6.0.
? Four key protocols and APIs

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? Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI)
? Grid Resource Allocation & Mgmt (GRAM)
? Grid Resource Information Protocol (GRIP) and Index Information Protocol (GIIP)
? Grid File Transfer Protocol (GridFTP)
? Implementations on many platforms

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? Resources, security systems, data models,
? Various collective layer protocols & tools
? Info services, replica management, etc.
? A basis for many Grid-enabled tools & apps
FTP, SSH, Condor, SRB, MPI, EDG, GridPort,

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GLOBUS TOOLKIT? COMPONENTS
? Security
? GSI ? Grid Security Infrastructure
? Resource Management
? GRAM ? Grid Resource Allocation Manager

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o globusrun
o RSL
o gatekeeper
o job manager
o DUROC ? Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator

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? Information Services
? MDS ? Monitoring and Discovery Service


10 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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o GRIS ? Grid Resource Information Service
o GIIS ? Grid Index Information Service
o MDS Client
? Data Management

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o GridFTP, GASS
The Globus Toolkit latest version 6.0 includes:
GSI: security
GridFTP: file transfer
GRAM: job execution/resource management

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MyProxy: credential repository/certificate authority
GSI-OpenSSH: GSI secure single sign-on remote shell


11 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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GLOBUS TOOLKIT INSTALLATION PROCEDURE
Step1: For installing Globus Toolkit nothing more easy than download the latest package:
http://toolkit.globus.org/ftppub/gt6/installers/repo/globus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
sudodpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb

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Step2: Update the repositories: sudo apt-get update
Step3: To install Debian or Ubuntu package, download the globus-toolkit-repo package
from the link above and install it with the command:
root@sysa63:/home/#dpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Do the following for Debian-based systems:

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root@sysa63:/home/#apt-get install globus-data-management-client

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12 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 01: DEVELOP A NEW WEB SERVICE FOR CALCULATOR

Aim:
Develop a Web Service for new Calculator
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Our first web service is an extremely simple Math Web Service, which we'll refer to asMathService. It will

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2. allow users to perform the following operations:
a. Addition
b. Subtraction
3. Furthermore, MathService will have the following resource properties (RPs for short):
a. Value (integer)

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b. Last operation performed (string)
4. We will also add a "Get Value" operation to access the Value RP. Once a new resource is created, the
"value" RP is initialized to zero, and the "last operation" RP is initialized to "NONE". The parameter is
added/subtracted to the "value" RP, and the "last operation" RP is changed to "ADDITION" or
"SUBTRACTION" accordingly. Also, the addition and subtraction operations don't return anything.

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5. Writing and deploying a WSRF Web Service is easier than you might think. You just have to follow five
simple steps.
6. Define the service's interface. This is done with WSDL
7. Implement the service. This is done with Java.
8. Define the deployment parameters. This is done with WSDD and JNDI

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9. Compile everything and generate a GAR file. This is done with Ant
10. Deploy service. This is also done with a GT4 tool

Sample Code:

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_instance"
xmlns ="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"
xmlns:tns="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/examples/core/MathService_instance"
xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsrp="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-
ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.xsd" xmlns:wsrpw="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-

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13 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.wsdl"

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xmlns:wsdlpp="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/2004/10/WSDLPreprocessor"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">

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Result:
Thus the program for developing web service for new calculator was successfully executed.

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14 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid by using Web Service for new Calculator
Applications:
To make a calculator in Windows application using web service

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1) What is Web Service?
2) What are the advantages of web services?
3) What are the different types of web services?
4) What is SOAP?
5) What are the advantages of SOAP web services?

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6) What are the disadvantages of SOAP web services?
7) What is WSDL?
8) What is UDDI?
9) What are RESTful web services?
10) What are the advantages of RESTful web services?

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11) What is the difference between SOAP and REST web services?
12) What is SOA service architecture?
13) What tools are used to deploy web services?
14) What is Web Service architecture?
15) What are the advantages of web services in globus toolkit?

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16) What are the different types of web services?
17) What is SOAP web services?
18) What is UDP and TCP?
19) What is stateless SOA?
20) What is data balancing in WSDL?

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Viva-voce


15 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 02: DEVELOP NEW OGSA-COMPLIANT WEB SERVICE

Aim:
To develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid Service using .NET language.
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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1. Developed by the Global Grid Forum
2. Aims to define a common, standard, open architecture for Grid Applications.
3. Defines a set of rules that make up a grid service.
4. Sharing and Coordinated use of diverse resources in Dynamic VO's

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Result:
Thus the program for developing OGSA- Complaint web service was successfully executed.

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16 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid
Service using .NET language
Applications:
? Sharing of information among diverse components of large heterogenous grid systems

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? WAN



1. How would you decide what style of Web Service to use? SOAP WS or REST?

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2. Does the service expose data or business logic?
3. Do consumers and the service providers require a formal contract?
4. Do we need to support multiple data formats?
5. Do we need to make AJAX calls?
6. Is the call synchronous or asynchronous?

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7. What level of security is required?
8. What level of transaction support is required?
9. Do we have limited band width?
10. What tools do you use to test your Web Services?
11. What is the difference between SOA and a Web service?

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12. What is a microservice architecture (aka MSA)?
13. What is data integrity?
14. What is cloud infrastructure?

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Viva-voce


17 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 03: USING APACHE AXIS DEVELOP A GRID SERVICE

Aim:
To develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Creating the New Level in the Package

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2. Edit the Configuration Files
3. Modify the Service Code
4. Modify the Client
5. Compile and Deploy
6. Starting the Container

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7. Compile the Client
8. Run the Client

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18 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:
Addition was successful

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Subtraction was successful
Multiplication was successful
Division was successful
Current value: 20.

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Result:

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Thus the program for Grid Service using Apache Axis was successfully executed.


19 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Applications:

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? To create web service in Java
? To work with Globus Tool kit standards web service


1. What are the different application integration styles?

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2. What is Grid Computing?
3. What is QOS?
4. What are the derivatives of grid computing?
5. What are the features of data grids?
6. What is load balancing?

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7. What is grid infrastructure?
8. Define ? Distributed Computing.
9. Define ? OSGI.
10. Define ? OSGA.
11. What is the use of API?s in cloud services?

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12. What is the difference between cloud and grid?
13. What is data communication?
14. What are the elements of data communication?

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Viva-voce

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20 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 04: DEVELOP APPLICATIONS USING JAVA OR C/C++ GRID
APIS

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Aim:
To develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Import all the necessary java packages and name the file as GridLayoutDemo.java
2. Set up components to preferred size
3. Add buttons to experiment with Grid Layout

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4. Add controls to set up horizontal and vertical gaps
5. Process the Apply gaps button press
6. Create the GUI
7. Create and set up the window,Set up the content pane and Display the Window
8. Schedule a job for the event dispatch thread

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9. Show the application's GUI

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21 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:

Figure 1: Horizontal, Left-to-Right Figure 2: Horizontal, Right-to-Left

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Result:
Thus the program to develop an application in java using Grid APIs was successfully executed.

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22 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Applications:
Used for defining a application programme interface for common distributes computing functionality

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1) Describe the two most important advantages of using Distributed/Grid Computing.
2) What is the main function of DNS?

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3) Briefly outline two applications of Public Key systems.
4) Provide one major difference between synchronous and asynchronous communication.
5) Provide one major difference between ASCII and Unicode encodings.
6) Provide two major differences between sequential computing and parallel computing.
7) Write the any three Grid Applications.

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8) Give the examples of Hardware service provider.
9) Give the example of software application ASP.
10) What are grid portals? Give example.
11) What are the high level services including in existing globus tool kit?
12) Name the components available in Nimrod architecture?

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13) What are the major objectives of Euro grid project?
14) What is the application specific work packages identified for the Euro grid?
15) Define dynamic accounting system.

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Viva-voce

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23 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

EX.NO. 05: DEVELOP SECURED APPLICATIONS USING BASIC
SECURITY MECHANISMS AVAILABLE IN GLOBUS TOOLKIT.
Aim:

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To develop a secured applications using a basic security mechanisms available in Globus toolkit
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
The Globus Toolkit incorporates multiple security components that establish the identity of users or services
(authentication), protect communications, and determine who is allowed to perform what actions (authorization), as
well as manage user credentials.
? GSI C: The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and

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certificate management.
? MyProxy: MyProxy is open source software for managing X.509 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) security
credentials (certificates and private keys).
? GSI-OpenSSH: GSI-OpenSSH is a modified version of OpenSSH that adds support for X.509 proxy
certificate authentication and delegation, providing a single sign-on remote login and file transfer service.

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The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and certificate
management. The authentication API is built using Public KeyInfrastructure (PKI) technologies, e.g. X.509
Certificates and TLS. In addition to authentication it features a delegation mechanism based upon X.509 Proxy
Certificates. Authorization support takes the form of a couple of APIs. The first provides a generic authorization API
that allows callouts to perform access control based on the client's credentials (i.e. the X.509 certificate chain). The

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second provides a simple access control list that maps authorized remote entities to local (system) user names. The
second mechanism also provides callouts that allow third parties to override the default behavior and is currently
used in the Gatekeeper and GridFTP servers. In addition to the above there are various lower level APIs and tools
for managing, discovering and querying certificates.
Components for Grid Security

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1. Basic Security Mechanisms
2. Components for Credential Generation
3. Components for Credential Management

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24 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Beyond verifying the identities of users and services, basic Grid security mechanisms leave access control decisions
to services. The Grid community has developed authorization and access control tools for storing and providing
access to system-wide authorization information and for creating a central data store for supporting decentralized

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control mechanisms.
Basic Security Mechanisms
? Pre-Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A non-Web services implementation of the Grid
Security Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI
mechanisms

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? Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A Web services implementation of the Grid Security
Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI mechanisms

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Result:
Thus the program to develop a security application available in Globus toolkit was successfully executed.
Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a secured applications using a basic security
mechanisms available in Globus toolkit

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25 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Applications:

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To provide easy acces to best breed open source network security


1. What are the collective services available in grid computing?
2. What are the basic principles of autonomous computing?

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3. What are the four essential characteristics of on demand business?
4. What are the essential capabilities provided by on demand business?
5. What are the two most important technologies for building semantic webs?
6. Define Peer to Peer computing?
7. What is the combination of Globus GT3 toolkit?

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8. What is a GT3 core?
9. What are the components available in service model?
10. Define WS-Trust
11. Define WS ?Federation
12. Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?

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13. Who are the actors in CDC?
14. Mention the scenarios in CDC?
15. What are the functional requirements of CDC on OGSA?

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Viva-voce

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26 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 06: DEVELOP A GRID PORTAL, WHERE USER CAN SUBMIT
A JOB AND GET THE RESULT, IMPLEMENT IT WITH AND WITHOUT
GRAM CONCEPT.

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Aim:
To develop a Grid portal and implement it with and without GRAM concept
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos

Procedure:
Multiple times that the likely user interface to grid applications will be through portals, specifically Web portals. A grid
portal may be constructed as a Web page interface to provide easy access to grid applications. The Web user

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interface provides user authentication, job submission, job monitoring, and results of the job.
Globus Resource Allocation Manager (GRAM)
When a job is submitted by a client, the request is sent to the remote host and handled by a gatekeeper daemon.
The gatekeeper creates a job manager to start and monitor the job. When the job is finished, the job manager
sends the status information back to the client and terminates.

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The GRAM subsystem consists of the following elements:
? The globusrun command and associated APIs Resource Specification Language (RSL)
? The gatekeeper daemon The job manager Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator (DUROC)
Each of these elements are described briefly below.
The globusrun command

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The globusrun command (or its equivalent API) submits a job to a resource within the grid. This command
is typically passed an RSL string (see below) that specifies parameters and other properties required to successfully
launch and run the job

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27 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Resource Specification Language (RSL)
RSL is a language used by clients to specify the job to be run. All job submission requests are described in an RSL
string that includes information such as the executable file; its parameters; information about redirection of stdin,

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stdout, and stderr; and so on. Basically it provides a standard way of specifying all of the information required to
execute a job, independent of the target environment. It is then the responsibility of the job manager on the target
system to parse the information and launch the job in the appropriate way.
The syntax of RSL is very straightforward. Each statement is enclosed within parenthesis. Comments are
designated with parenthesis and asterisks, for example, (* this is a comment *). Supported attributes include the

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following:
rsl_substitution: Defines variables
executable: The script or command to be run
arguments: Information or flags to be passed to the executable
stdin: Specifies the remote URL and local file used for the executable stdout: Specifies the remote file to place

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standard output from the job stderr: Specifies the remote file to place standard error from the job queue: Specifies the
queue to submit the job (requires a scheduler) count: Specifies the number of executions
directory: Specifies the directory to run the job
project: Specifies a project account for the job (requires a scheduler) dryRun: Verifies the RSL string but
does not run the job

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maxMemory: Specifies the maximum amount of memory in MBs required for the job
minMemory: Specifies the minimum amount of memory in MBs required for the job
hostCount: Specifies the number of nodes in a cluster required for the job environment: Specifies environment
variables that are required for the job
jobType: Specifies the type of job single process, multi-process, mpi, or condor

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maxTime: Specifies the maximum execution wall or cpu time for one execution
maxWallTime: Specifies the maximum walltime for one execution maxCpuTime: Specifies the maximum
cpu time for one execution
gramMyjob: Specifies the whether the gram myjob interface starts one process/thread (independent) or more
(collective)

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Result:

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Thus the program to develop Grid Portal was successfully executed.


29 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid portal and implement it with and
without GRAM concept

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Application:
? It is useful and necessary for interfaces for the performance of operations on the Grid. The Grid
Portal Development Kit (GPDK) facilitates the development of Grid portals and provides several key
reusable components for accessing various Grid services.
? A Grid Portal provides a customizable interface allowing scientists to perform a variety of Grid

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operations including remote program submission, file staging, and querying of information services
from a single, secure gateway.
? The Grid Portal Development Kit leverages off existing Globus/Grid middleware infrastructure as
well as commodity web technology including Java Server Pages and servlets .

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1) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?
2) What are the major goals of OGSA?
3) What are the more specific goals of OGSA?

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4) What are the main purposes of use case defined by OGSA?
5) Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
6) What are the layers available in OGSA architectural organizations?
7) What are the OGSA basic services?
8) What are the two aspects involved in GRAM?

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9) What are the two kinds of lifecycle model associated with state data recovery?
10) What is a GT3 core?
11) What are the major components of default server side framework?
12) What is Grid container?
13) What are the two levels of security available in GT3?

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14) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?
15) What are the two different message-level authentication mechanisms provided by GT3 framework?
16) What are the most common GT3 security handlers?
Viva-voce

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30 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

INTRODUCTION TO CLOUD COMPUTING

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What is cloud computing?
Cloud computing means that instead of all the computer hardware and software you're using sitting on your
desktop, or somewhere inside your company's network, it's provided for you as a service by another company and
accessed over the Internet, usually in a completely seamless way. Exactly where the hardware and software is
located and how it all works doesn't matter to you, the user?it's just somewhere up in the nebulous "cloud" that the

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Internet represents.
Cloud computing is a buzzword that means different things to different people. For some, it's just another way of
describing IT (information technology) "outsourcing"; others use it to mean any computing service provided over the
Internet or a similar network; and some define it as any bought-in computer service you use that sits outside your
firewall.

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Types of cloud computing
IT people talk about three different kinds of cloud computing, where different services are being provided for you.
Note that there's a certain amount of vagueness about how these things are defined and some overlap between
them.
? Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) means you're buying access to raw computing hardware over the Net,

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such as servers or storage. Since you buy what you need and pay-as-you-go, this is often referred to as
utility computing. Ordinary web hosting is a simple example of IaaS: you pay a monthly subscription or a
per-megabyte/gigabyte fee to have a hosting company serve up files for your website from their servers.
? Software as a Service (SaaS) means you use a complete application running on someone else's system.
Web-based email and Google Documents are perhaps the best-known examples. Zoho is another well-

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known SaaS provider offering a variety of office applications online.
? Platform as a Service (PaaS) means you develop applications using Web-based tools so they run on
systems software and hardware provided by another company. So, for example, you might develop your
own ecommerce website but have the whole thing, including the shopping cart, checkout, and payment
mechanism running on a merchant's server. App Cloud (from salesforce.com) and the Google App Engine

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are examples of PaaS.
Advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing
Advantages
The pros of cloud computing are obvious and compelling. If your business is selling books or repairing shoes,
why get involved in the nitty gritty of buying and maintaining a complex computer system? If you run an insurance

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office, do you really want your sales agents wasting time running anti-virus software, upgrading word-processors, or
worrying about hard-drive crashes? Do you really want them cluttering your expensive computers with their personal


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emails, illegally shared MP3 files, and naughty YouTube videos?when you could leave that responsibility to
someone else? Cloud computing allows you to buy in only the services you want, when you want them, cutting the
upfront capital costs of computers and peripherals. You avoid equipment going out of date and other familiar IT
problems like ensuring system security and reliability. You can add extra services (or take them away) at a moment's

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notice as your business needs change. It's really quick and easy to add new applications or services to your
business without waiting weeks or months for the new computer (and its software) to arrive.
Drawbacks
Instant convenience comes at a price. Instead of purchasing computers and software, cloud computing means you
buy services, so one-off, upfront capital costs become ongoing operating costs instead. That might work out much

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more expensive in the long-term.
If you're using software as a service (for example, writing a report using an online word processor or sending emails
through webmail), you need a reliable, high-speed, broadband Internet connection functioning the whole time you're
working. That's something we take for granted in countries such as the United States, but it's much more of an issue
in developing countries or rural areas where broadband is unavailable.

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An Introduction to Cloud Computing with OpenNebula
An OpenNebula Private Cloud provides infrastructure users with an elastic platform for fast delivery and scalability of
services to meet dynamic demands of service end-users. Services are hosted in VMs, and then submitted,
monitored and controlled in the Cloud by using Sunstone or any of the OpenNebula interfaces:
? Command Line Interface (CLI)

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? XML-RPC API
? OpenNebulaRuby and Java Cloud APIs
The aim of a Private Cloud is not to expose to the world a cloud interface to sell capacity over the Internet, but to
provide local cloud users and administrators with a flexible and agile private infrastructure to run virtualized service
workloads within the administrative domain. OpenNebula virtual infrastructure interfaces expose user and

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administrator functionality for virtualization, networking, image and physical resource configuration, management,
monitoring and accounting.

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Expt.No.1: FIND PROCEDURE TO RUN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE OF
DIFFERENT CONFIGURATION. CHECK HOW MANY VIRTUAL
MACHINES CAN BE UTILIZED AT PARTICULAR TIME.

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Aim:
To Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be
utilized at particular time
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

Creating Virtual Machines

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In OpenNebula the Virtual Machines are defined with Template files. The Template Repository system allows
OpenNebula administrators and users to register Virtual Machine definitions in the system, to be instantiated later as
Virtual Machine instances. These Templates can be instantiated several times, and also shared with other users.
Virtual Machine Model
A Virtual Machine within the OpenNebula system consists of:

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? A capacity in terms memory and CPU
? A set of NICs attached to one or more virtual networks
? A set of disk images
? A state file (optional) or recovery file, that contains the memory image of a running VM plus some hypervisor
specific information.

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The above items, plus some additional VM attributes like the OS kernel and context information to be used inside the
VM, are specified in a template file.
Defining a VM in 3 Steps
Virtual Machines are defined in an OpenNebula Template. Templates are stored in a repository to easily browse and
instantiate VMs from them. To create a new Template you have to define 3 things

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33 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

? Capacity & Name, how big will the VM be?

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Attribute Description Mandatory Default
NAME Name that the VM will get for description purposes. Yes one-
MEMORY Amount of RAM required for the VM, in Megabytes. Yes
CPU CPU ratio (e..g half a physical CPU is 0.5). Yes
VCPU Number of virtual cpus. No 1

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Disks. Each disk is defined with a DISK attribute. A VM can use three types of disk:
? Use a persistent Image changes to the disk image will persist after the VM is shutdown.
? Use a non-persistent Image images are cloned, changes to the image will be lost.
? Volatile disks are created on the fly on the target host. After the VM is shutdown the disk is disposed.

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Persistent and Clone Disks
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
IMAGE_ID and IMAGE The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes
IMAGE_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No self
IMAGE_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No self

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Volatile
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
TYPE
Type of the disk: swap, fs. swap type will set the label to swap so it is
easier to mount and the context packages will automatically mount it.

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Yes
SIZE size in MB Yes
FORMAT
filesystem for fs images: ext2, ext3, etc. raw will not format the image. For
VMs to run on vmfs or vmwareshared configurations, the valid values are:

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Yes


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Attribute Description Mandatory Default
vmdk_thin, vmdk_zeroedthick, vmdk_eagerzeroedthick

Network Interfaces. Each network interface of a VM is defined with the NIC attribute.
Attribute Description Mandatory Default

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NETWORK_ID and NETWORK The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes
NETWORK_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No Self
NETWORK_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No Self

The following example shows a VM Template file with a couple of disks and a network interface, also a VNC section

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was added.
NAME = test-vm
MEMORY = 128
CPU = 1

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DISK = [ IMAGE = "Arch Linux" ]
DISK = [ TYPE = swap,
SIZE = 1024 ]

NIC = [ NETWORK = "Public", NETWORK_UNAME="oneadmin" ]

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GRAPHICS = [
TYPE = "vnc",
LISTEN = "0.0.0.0"]
Simple templates can be also created using the command line instead of creating a template file. The parameters to

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do this for onetemplate are:

Parameter

Description

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--namename Name for the VM
--cpucpu CPU percentage reserved for the VM (1=100% one CPU)


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Parameter

Description

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--vcpuvcpu Number of virtualized CPUs
--archarch Architecture of the VM, e.g.: i386 or x86_64
--memorymemory Memory ammount given to the VM
--diskdisk0,disk1 Disks to attach. To use a disk owned by other user use user[disk]
--nicvnet0,vnet1 Networks to attach. To use a network owned by other user use user[network]

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--rawstring
Raw string to add to the template. Not to be confused with the RAW attribute. If you want
to provide more than one element, just include an enter inside quotes, instead of using
more than one -raw option
--vnc Add VNC server to the VM

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--ssh[file]
Add an ssh public key to the context. If the file is omited then the user variable
SSH_PUBLIC_KEY will be used.
--net_context Add network contextualization parameters
--contextline1,line2 * Lines to add to the context section

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--bootdevice Select boot device (hd, fd, cdrom or network)
A similar template as the previous example can be created with the following command:
$ onetemplate create --name test-vm --memory 128 --cpu 1 --disk "Arch Linux" --nic Public
Managing Virtual Machines
Assuming we have a VM Template registered called vm-example with ID 6, then we can instantiate the VM issuing

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a:
$ onetemplate list

ID USER GROUP NAME REGTIME
6 oneadminoneadminvm_example 09/28 06:44:07

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$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm


36 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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VM ID: 0
If the template has USER INPUTSdefined the CLI will prompt the user for these values:
$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm

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There are some parameters that require user input.

* (BLOG_TITLE) Blog Title:
* (DB_PASSWORD) Database Password:
VM ID: 0

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Afterwards, the VM can be listed with the onevmlist command. You can also use the onevmtop command to list VMs
continuously.
$ onevm list

ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME

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0 oneadminoneadminmy_vm pend 0 0K 00 00:00:03
After a Scheduling cycle, the VM will be automatically deployed. But the deployment can also be forced by oneadmin
using onevmdeploy:
$ onehost list

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ID NAME RVM TCPU FCPU ACPU TMEM FMEM AMEM STAT
2 testbed 0 800 800 800 16G 16G16G on
$ onevm deploy 0 2

$ onevm list

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ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME
0 oneadminoneadminmy_vmrunn 0 0K testbed 00 00:02:40

$ onevm show 0

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VIRTUAL MACHINE 0 INFORMATION
ID :0
NAME : my_vm
USER : oneadmin
GROUP : oneadmin

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37 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

STATE : ACTIVE

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LCM_STATE : RUNNING
START TIME : 04/14 09:00:24
END TIME : -
DEPLOY ID: : one-0
PERMISSIONS

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OWNER : um-
GROUP : ---
OTHER : ---
VIRTUAL MACHINE MONITORING
NET_TX : 13.05

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NET_RX : 0
USED MEMORY : 512
USED CPU : 0
VIRTUAL MACHINE TEMPLATE
VIRTUAL MACHINE HISTORY

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SEQ HOSTNAME REASON START TIME PTIME

0 testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00
testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00

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38 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to run virtual machines on different configuration was successfully executed & its utilization time is
checked in various machines.
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

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0 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

College o f Engineering
?

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DEPARTMENT OF
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

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CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
VII SEMESTER - R 2013

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Name : ______________________________________
Reg. No. : ______________________________________
Section : ______________________________________
LABORATORY MANUAL

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1 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

DHANALAKSHMI

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is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and enterprising
professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and training.

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? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic Excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart and
soul

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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

To strive for acquiring, applying and imparting knowledge in Computer Science and Engineering through quality
education and to provide enthusiastic professionals with commitment

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? To produce highly competent and globally employable engineers in the field of Computer Science and
Engineering
? To inculcate human values among the student community and make them realize their commitment to the society

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? To exhibit excellence in pursuit of research and innovative products with a zeal to serve the society


VISION
VISION

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MISSION
MISSION


2 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)
1. Fundamentals
To provide students with a solid foundation in Mathematics, Science and fundamentals of engineering, enabling
them to apply, to find solutions for engineering problems and use this knowledge to acquire higher education

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2. Core Competence
To train the students in Computer science and engineering technologies so that they apply their knowledge and
training to compare, and to analyze various engineering industrial problems to find solutions
3. Breadth
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice this enables them to

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find solutions for the real time problems in industry, and to design products
4. Professionalism
To inculcate professional and effective communication skills, leadership qualities and team spirit in the students
to make them multi-faceted personalities and develop their ability to relate engineering issues to broader social
context

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5. Lifelong Learning/Ethics
To demonstrate and practice ethical and professional responsibilities in the industry and society in the large,
through commitment and lifelong learning needed for successful professional career

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4


PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)

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a) To demonstrate and apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Electronics and Communication Engineering field
b) To design a component, a system or a process to meet the specific needs within the realistic constraints
such as economics, environment, ethics, health, safety and manufacturability
c) To demonstrate the competency to use software tools for computation, simulation and testing of electronics and

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communication engineering circuits
d) To identify, formulate and solve electronic and communication engineering problems
e) To demonstrate an ability to visualize and work on laboratory and multidisciplinary tasks
f) To function as a member or a leader in multidisciplinary activities
g) To communicate in verbal and written form with fellow engineers and society at large

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h) To understand the impact of Electronics and Communication Engineering in the society and demonstrate awareness
of contemporary issues and commitment to give solutions exhibiting social responsibility
i) To demonstrate professional & ethical responsibilities
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To participate and succeed in competitive exams

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5 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

SYLLABUS
Learn the working of ARM processor

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Understand the Building Blocks of Embedded Systems
Learn the concept of memory map and memory interface
Know the characteristics of Real Time Systems
Write programs to interface memory, I/Os with processor
Study the interrupt performance

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LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
GRID COMPUTING LAB
Use Globus Toolkit or equivalent and do the following:
1. Develop a new Web Service for Calculator.
2. Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service.

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3. Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service.
4. Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs
5. Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus Toolkit.
6. Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it with and without
GRAM concept.

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CLOUD COMPUTING LAB
Use Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent to set up the cloud and demonstrate.
1. Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines
COURSE OBJECTIVES

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6 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

can be utilized at particular time.

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2. Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even
after the release of the virtual machine.
3. Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program.
4. Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other.
5. Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it.

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6. Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster.
7. Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE.
8. Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it.
9. Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits.
? Design and implement applications on the Grid.

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? Design and Implement applications on the Cloud.
? Design network objects by applying the networking concepts.
? Create virtualization concept.
? Design web based applications.
? Apply cloud tools for resource allocation.

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? Apply grid tools for network translation.
? Design private cloud using open stack.
COURSE OUTCOMES

7

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CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
CONTENTS
Sl. No. Name of the Experiment Page No.

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CYCLE 1 ? EXPERIMENTS ( GRID COMPUTING)
1
Develop a new Web Service for Calculator 7
2
Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service 16

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3
Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service 19
4
Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs 22
5

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Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus
Toolkit
25
6
Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it

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with and without GRAM concept
27
CYCLE 2 ? EXPERIMENTS (CLOUD COMPUTING)
1
Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how

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many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
34
2
Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it
holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine

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36
3 Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program 39
4
Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to
the other

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42
5 Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it 45
6 Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster 47
7 Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE
ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS

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1 Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it 52
2 Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks 55

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8 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO GRID COMPUTING

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GRID TECHNOLOGY

? Flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and

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resource
? Grid architecture
? Defined using services and protocols
? Using the ?sand hourglass? model similar to the TCP/IP protocol stack

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"A computational grid is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides dependable, consistent, pervasive and
inexpensive access to high-end computational capabilities."
Grid computing makes it possible to dynamically share and coordinate dispersed, heterogeneous computing
resources. Flexibility and ubiquity are essential characteristics of Web services technologies such as WSDL (Web
Services Description Language), SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), and UDDI (Universal Description,

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Discovery, and Integration).
The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) combines technologies to unlock and exploit grid-attached resources.
OGSA defines mechanisms to create, manage, and exchange information between Grid Services, a special type of
Web service. The architecture uses WSDL extensively to describe the structure and behavior of a service. Service
descriptions are located and discovered using Web Services Inspection Language (WSIL). By combining elements

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from grid computing and Web services technologies, OGSA establishes an extensible and interoperable design and
development framework for Grid Services that includes details for service definition, discovery, and life-cycle
management.

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9 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


GLOBUS TOOLKIT

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The Globus Toolkit provides software tools to make it easier to build computational grids and grid-based
applications. The Globus Toolkit is both an open architecture and open source toolkit.

? The Globus Toolkit is a product of the Globus Alliance (http://www.globus.org)
? It is middleware for developing grids

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? The current release is 6.0.
? Four key protocols and APIs
? Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI)
? Grid Resource Allocation & Mgmt (GRAM)
? Grid Resource Information Protocol (GRIP) and Index Information Protocol (GIIP)

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? Grid File Transfer Protocol (GridFTP)
? Implementations on many platforms
? Resources, security systems, data models,
? Various collective layer protocols & tools
? Info services, replica management, etc.

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? A basis for many Grid-enabled tools & apps
FTP, SSH, Condor, SRB, MPI, EDG, GridPort,
GLOBUS TOOLKIT? COMPONENTS
? Security
? GSI ? Grid Security Infrastructure

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? Resource Management
? GRAM ? Grid Resource Allocation Manager
o globusrun
o RSL
o gatekeeper

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o job manager
o DUROC ? Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator
? Information Services
? MDS ? Monitoring and Discovery Service

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10 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

o GRIS ? Grid Resource Information Service
o GIIS ? Grid Index Information Service

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o MDS Client
? Data Management
o GridFTP, GASS
The Globus Toolkit latest version 6.0 includes:
GSI: security

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GridFTP: file transfer
GRAM: job execution/resource management
MyProxy: credential repository/certificate authority
GSI-OpenSSH: GSI secure single sign-on remote shell

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11 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

GLOBUS TOOLKIT INSTALLATION PROCEDURE
Step1: For installing Globus Toolkit nothing more easy than download the latest package:

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http://toolkit.globus.org/ftppub/gt6/installers/repo/globus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
sudodpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Step2: Update the repositories: sudo apt-get update
Step3: To install Debian or Ubuntu package, download the globus-toolkit-repo package
from the link above and install it with the command:

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root@sysa63:/home/#dpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Do the following for Debian-based systems:
root@sysa63:/home/#apt-get install globus-data-management-client

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12 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 01: DEVELOP A NEW WEB SERVICE FOR CALCULATOR

Aim:

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Develop a Web Service for new Calculator
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
1. Our first web service is an extremely simple Math Web Service, which we'll refer to asMathService. It will
2. allow users to perform the following operations:
a. Addition
b. Subtraction

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3. Furthermore, MathService will have the following resource properties (RPs for short):
a. Value (integer)
b. Last operation performed (string)
4. We will also add a "Get Value" operation to access the Value RP. Once a new resource is created, the
"value" RP is initialized to zero, and the "last operation" RP is initialized to "NONE". The parameter is

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added/subtracted to the "value" RP, and the "last operation" RP is changed to "ADDITION" or
"SUBTRACTION" accordingly. Also, the addition and subtraction operations don't return anything.
5. Writing and deploying a WSRF Web Service is easier than you might think. You just have to follow five
simple steps.
6. Define the service's interface. This is done with WSDL

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7. Implement the service. This is done with Java.
8. Define the deployment parameters. This is done with WSDD and JNDI
9. Compile everything and generate a GAR file. This is done with Ant
10. Deploy service. This is also done with a GT4 tool

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Sample Code:

_instance"
xmlns ="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"
xmlns:tns="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/examples/core/MathService_instance"

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xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsrp="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-
ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.xsd" xmlns:wsrpw="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-


13 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.wsdl"
xmlns:wsdlpp="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/2004/10/WSDLPreprocessor"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">

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Result:
Thus the program for developing web service for new calculator was successfully executed.

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14 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid by using Web Service for new Calculator
Applications:
To make a calculator in Windows application using web service

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1) What is Web Service?
2) What are the advantages of web services?
3) What are the different types of web services?

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4) What is SOAP?
5) What are the advantages of SOAP web services?
6) What are the disadvantages of SOAP web services?
7) What is WSDL?
8) What is UDDI?

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9) What are RESTful web services?
10) What are the advantages of RESTful web services?
11) What is the difference between SOAP and REST web services?
12) What is SOA service architecture?
13) What tools are used to deploy web services?

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14) What is Web Service architecture?
15) What are the advantages of web services in globus toolkit?
16) What are the different types of web services?
17) What is SOAP web services?
18) What is UDP and TCP?

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19) What is stateless SOA?
20) What is data balancing in WSDL?
Viva-voce

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15 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 02: DEVELOP NEW OGSA-COMPLIANT WEB SERVICE

Aim:

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To develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid Service using .NET language.
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:

1. Developed by the Global Grid Forum
2. Aims to define a common, standard, open architecture for Grid Applications.
3. Defines a set of rules that make up a grid service.

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4. Sharing and Coordinated use of diverse resources in Dynamic VO's

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Result:

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Thus the program for developing OGSA- Complaint web service was successfully executed.


16 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid
Service using .NET language

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Applications:
? Sharing of information among diverse components of large heterogenous grid systems
? WAN

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1. How would you decide what style of Web Service to use? SOAP WS or REST?
2. Does the service expose data or business logic?
3. Do consumers and the service providers require a formal contract?
4. Do we need to support multiple data formats?

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5. Do we need to make AJAX calls?
6. Is the call synchronous or asynchronous?
7. What level of security is required?
8. What level of transaction support is required?
9. Do we have limited band width?

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10. What tools do you use to test your Web Services?
11. What is the difference between SOA and a Web service?
12. What is a microservice architecture (aka MSA)?
13. What is data integrity?
14. What is cloud infrastructure?

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Viva-voce

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17 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 03: USING APACHE AXIS DEVELOP A GRID SERVICE

Aim:

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To develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
1. Creating the New Level in the Package
2. Edit the Configuration Files
3. Modify the Service Code
4. Modify the Client

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5. Compile and Deploy
6. Starting the Container
7. Compile the Client
8. Run the Client

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18 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:
Addition was successful
Subtraction was successful
Multiplication was successful
Division was successful

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Current value: 20.

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Result:
Thus the program for Grid Service using Apache Axis was successfully executed.

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19 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Applications:
? To create web service in Java
? To work with Globus Tool kit standards web service

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1. What are the different application integration styles?
2. What is Grid Computing?
3. What is QOS?
4. What are the derivatives of grid computing?

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5. What are the features of data grids?
6. What is load balancing?
7. What is grid infrastructure?
8. Define ? Distributed Computing.
9. Define ? OSGI.

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10. Define ? OSGA.
11. What is the use of API?s in cloud services?
12. What is the difference between cloud and grid?
13. What is data communication?
14. What are the elements of data communication?

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Viva-voce


20 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 04: DEVELOP APPLICATIONS USING JAVA OR C/C++ GRID
APIS
Aim:
To develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Import all the necessary java packages and name the file as GridLayoutDemo.java

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2. Set up components to preferred size
3. Add buttons to experiment with Grid Layout
4. Add controls to set up horizontal and vertical gaps
5. Process the Apply gaps button press
6. Create the GUI

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7. Create and set up the window,Set up the content pane and Display the Window
8. Schedule a job for the event dispatch thread
9. Show the application's GUI

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21 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:

Figure 1: Horizontal, Left-to-Right Figure 2: Horizontal, Right-to-Left

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Result:
Thus the program to develop an application in java using Grid APIs was successfully executed.


22 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop an application in Java using Grid APIs

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Applications:
Used for defining a application programme interface for common distributes computing functionality

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1) Describe the two most important advantages of using Distributed/Grid Computing.
2) What is the main function of DNS?
3) Briefly outline two applications of Public Key systems.
4) Provide one major difference between synchronous and asynchronous communication.
5) Provide one major difference between ASCII and Unicode encodings.

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6) Provide two major differences between sequential computing and parallel computing.
7) Write the any three Grid Applications.
8) Give the examples of Hardware service provider.
9) Give the example of software application ASP.
10) What are grid portals? Give example.

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11) What are the high level services including in existing globus tool kit?
12) Name the components available in Nimrod architecture?
13) What are the major objectives of Euro grid project?
14) What is the application specific work packages identified for the Euro grid?
15) Define dynamic accounting system.

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Viva-voce

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23 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

EX.NO. 05: DEVELOP SECURED APPLICATIONS USING BASIC

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SECURITY MECHANISMS AVAILABLE IN GLOBUS TOOLKIT.
Aim:
To develop a secured applications using a basic security mechanisms available in Globus toolkit
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
The Globus Toolkit incorporates multiple security components that establish the identity of users or services
(authentication), protect communications, and determine who is allowed to perform what actions (authorization), as

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well as manage user credentials.
? GSI C: The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and
certificate management.
? MyProxy: MyProxy is open source software for managing X.509 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) security
credentials (certificates and private keys).

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? GSI-OpenSSH: GSI-OpenSSH is a modified version of OpenSSH that adds support for X.509 proxy
certificate authentication and delegation, providing a single sign-on remote login and file transfer service.
The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and certificate
management. The authentication API is built using Public KeyInfrastructure (PKI) technologies, e.g. X.509
Certificates and TLS. In addition to authentication it features a delegation mechanism based upon X.509 Proxy

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Certificates. Authorization support takes the form of a couple of APIs. The first provides a generic authorization API
that allows callouts to perform access control based on the client's credentials (i.e. the X.509 certificate chain). The
second provides a simple access control list that maps authorized remote entities to local (system) user names. The
second mechanism also provides callouts that allow third parties to override the default behavior and is currently
used in the Gatekeeper and GridFTP servers. In addition to the above there are various lower level APIs and tools

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for managing, discovering and querying certificates.
Components for Grid Security
1. Basic Security Mechanisms
2. Components for Credential Generation
3. Components for Credential Management

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24 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Beyond verifying the identities of users and services, basic Grid security mechanisms leave access control decisions

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to services. The Grid community has developed authorization and access control tools for storing and providing
access to system-wide authorization information and for creating a central data store for supporting decentralized
control mechanisms.
Basic Security Mechanisms
? Pre-Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A non-Web services implementation of the Grid

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Security Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI
mechanisms
? Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A Web services implementation of the Grid Security
Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI mechanisms

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Result:

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Thus the program to develop a security application available in Globus toolkit was successfully executed.
Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a secured applications using a basic security

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mechanisms available in Globus toolkit



25 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Applications:
To provide easy acces to best breed open source network security

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1. What are the collective services available in grid computing?
2. What are the basic principles of autonomous computing?
3. What are the four essential characteristics of on demand business?
4. What are the essential capabilities provided by on demand business?
5. What are the two most important technologies for building semantic webs?

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6. Define Peer to Peer computing?
7. What is the combination of Globus GT3 toolkit?
8. What is a GT3 core?
9. What are the components available in service model?
10. Define WS-Trust

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11. Define WS ?Federation
12. Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
13. Who are the actors in CDC?
14. Mention the scenarios in CDC?
15. What are the functional requirements of CDC on OGSA?

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Viva-voce

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26 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 06: DEVELOP A GRID PORTAL, WHERE USER CAN SUBMIT

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A JOB AND GET THE RESULT, IMPLEMENT IT WITH AND WITHOUT
GRAM CONCEPT.
Aim:
To develop a Grid portal and implement it with and without GRAM concept
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

Procedure:

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Multiple times that the likely user interface to grid applications will be through portals, specifically Web portals. A grid
portal may be constructed as a Web page interface to provide easy access to grid applications. The Web user
interface provides user authentication, job submission, job monitoring, and results of the job.
Globus Resource Allocation Manager (GRAM)
When a job is submitted by a client, the request is sent to the remote host and handled by a gatekeeper daemon.

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The gatekeeper creates a job manager to start and monitor the job. When the job is finished, the job manager
sends the status information back to the client and terminates.
The GRAM subsystem consists of the following elements:
? The globusrun command and associated APIs Resource Specification Language (RSL)
? The gatekeeper daemon The job manager Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator (DUROC)

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Each of these elements are described briefly below.
The globusrun command
The globusrun command (or its equivalent API) submits a job to a resource within the grid. This command
is typically passed an RSL string (see below) that specifies parameters and other properties required to successfully
launch and run the job

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27 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Resource Specification Language (RSL)

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RSL is a language used by clients to specify the job to be run. All job submission requests are described in an RSL
string that includes information such as the executable file; its parameters; information about redirection of stdin,
stdout, and stderr; and so on. Basically it provides a standard way of specifying all of the information required to
execute a job, independent of the target environment. It is then the responsibility of the job manager on the target
system to parse the information and launch the job in the appropriate way.

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The syntax of RSL is very straightforward. Each statement is enclosed within parenthesis. Comments are
designated with parenthesis and asterisks, for example, (* this is a comment *). Supported attributes include the
following:
rsl_substitution: Defines variables
executable: The script or command to be run

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arguments: Information or flags to be passed to the executable
stdin: Specifies the remote URL and local file used for the executable stdout: Specifies the remote file to place
standard output from the job stderr: Specifies the remote file to place standard error from the job queue: Specifies the
queue to submit the job (requires a scheduler) count: Specifies the number of executions
directory: Specifies the directory to run the job

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project: Specifies a project account for the job (requires a scheduler) dryRun: Verifies the RSL string but
does not run the job
maxMemory: Specifies the maximum amount of memory in MBs required for the job
minMemory: Specifies the minimum amount of memory in MBs required for the job
hostCount: Specifies the number of nodes in a cluster required for the job environment: Specifies environment

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variables that are required for the job
jobType: Specifies the type of job single process, multi-process, mpi, or condor
maxTime: Specifies the maximum execution wall or cpu time for one execution
maxWallTime: Specifies the maximum walltime for one execution maxCpuTime: Specifies the maximum
cpu time for one execution

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gramMyjob: Specifies the whether the gram myjob interface starts one process/thread (independent) or more
(collective)


28 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to develop Grid Portal was successfully executed.

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29 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid portal and implement it with and
without GRAM concept
Application:
? It is useful and necessary for interfaces for the performance of operations on the Grid. The Grid
Portal Development Kit (GPDK) facilitates the development of Grid portals and provides several key

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reusable components for accessing various Grid services.
? A Grid Portal provides a customizable interface allowing scientists to perform a variety of Grid
operations including remote program submission, file staging, and querying of information services
from a single, secure gateway.
? The Grid Portal Development Kit leverages off existing Globus/Grid middleware infrastructure as

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well as commodity web technology including Java Server Pages and servlets .



1) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?

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2) What are the major goals of OGSA?
3) What are the more specific goals of OGSA?
4) What are the main purposes of use case defined by OGSA?
5) Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
6) What are the layers available in OGSA architectural organizations?

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7) What are the OGSA basic services?
8) What are the two aspects involved in GRAM?
9) What are the two kinds of lifecycle model associated with state data recovery?
10) What is a GT3 core?
11) What are the major components of default server side framework?

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12) What is Grid container?
13) What are the two levels of security available in GT3?
14) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?
15) What are the two different message-level authentication mechanisms provided by GT3 framework?
16) What are the most common GT3 security handlers?

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Viva-voce


30 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO CLOUD COMPUTING

What is cloud computing?
Cloud computing means that instead of all the computer hardware and software you're using sitting on your
desktop, or somewhere inside your company's network, it's provided for you as a service by another company and

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accessed over the Internet, usually in a completely seamless way. Exactly where the hardware and software is
located and how it all works doesn't matter to you, the user?it's just somewhere up in the nebulous "cloud" that the
Internet represents.
Cloud computing is a buzzword that means different things to different people. For some, it's just another way of
describing IT (information technology) "outsourcing"; others use it to mean any computing service provided over the

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Internet or a similar network; and some define it as any bought-in computer service you use that sits outside your
firewall.
Types of cloud computing
IT people talk about three different kinds of cloud computing, where different services are being provided for you.
Note that there's a certain amount of vagueness about how these things are defined and some overlap between

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them.
? Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) means you're buying access to raw computing hardware over the Net,
such as servers or storage. Since you buy what you need and pay-as-you-go, this is often referred to as
utility computing. Ordinary web hosting is a simple example of IaaS: you pay a monthly subscription or a
per-megabyte/gigabyte fee to have a hosting company serve up files for your website from their servers.

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? Software as a Service (SaaS) means you use a complete application running on someone else's system.
Web-based email and Google Documents are perhaps the best-known examples. Zoho is another well-
known SaaS provider offering a variety of office applications online.
? Platform as a Service (PaaS) means you develop applications using Web-based tools so they run on
systems software and hardware provided by another company. So, for example, you might develop your

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own ecommerce website but have the whole thing, including the shopping cart, checkout, and payment
mechanism running on a merchant's server. App Cloud (from salesforce.com) and the Google App Engine
are examples of PaaS.
Advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing
Advantages

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The pros of cloud computing are obvious and compelling. If your business is selling books or repairing shoes,
why get involved in the nitty gritty of buying and maintaining a complex computer system? If you run an insurance
office, do you really want your sales agents wasting time running anti-virus software, upgrading word-processors, or
worrying about hard-drive crashes? Do you really want them cluttering your expensive computers with their personal

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31 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

emails, illegally shared MP3 files, and naughty YouTube videos?when you could leave that responsibility to
someone else? Cloud computing allows you to buy in only the services you want, when you want them, cutting the

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upfront capital costs of computers and peripherals. You avoid equipment going out of date and other familiar IT
problems like ensuring system security and reliability. You can add extra services (or take them away) at a moment's
notice as your business needs change. It's really quick and easy to add new applications or services to your
business without waiting weeks or months for the new computer (and its software) to arrive.
Drawbacks

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Instant convenience comes at a price. Instead of purchasing computers and software, cloud computing means you
buy services, so one-off, upfront capital costs become ongoing operating costs instead. That might work out much
more expensive in the long-term.
If you're using software as a service (for example, writing a report using an online word processor or sending emails
through webmail), you need a reliable, high-speed, broadband Internet connection functioning the whole time you're

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working. That's something we take for granted in countries such as the United States, but it's much more of an issue
in developing countries or rural areas where broadband is unavailable.
An Introduction to Cloud Computing with OpenNebula
An OpenNebula Private Cloud provides infrastructure users with an elastic platform for fast delivery and scalability of
services to meet dynamic demands of service end-users. Services are hosted in VMs, and then submitted,

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monitored and controlled in the Cloud by using Sunstone or any of the OpenNebula interfaces:
? Command Line Interface (CLI)
? XML-RPC API
? OpenNebulaRuby and Java Cloud APIs
The aim of a Private Cloud is not to expose to the world a cloud interface to sell capacity over the Internet, but to

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provide local cloud users and administrators with a flexible and agile private infrastructure to run virtualized service
workloads within the administrative domain. OpenNebula virtual infrastructure interfaces expose user and
administrator functionality for virtualization, networking, image and physical resource configuration, management,
monitoring and accounting.

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32 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


Expt.No.1: FIND PROCEDURE TO RUN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE OF
DIFFERENT CONFIGURATION. CHECK HOW MANY VIRTUAL

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MACHINES CAN BE UTILIZED AT PARTICULAR TIME.

Aim:
To Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be
utilized at particular time

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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Creating Virtual Machines
In OpenNebula the Virtual Machines are defined with Template files. The Template Repository system allows
OpenNebula administrators and users to register Virtual Machine definitions in the system, to be instantiated later as
Virtual Machine instances. These Templates can be instantiated several times, and also shared with other users.

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Virtual Machine Model
A Virtual Machine within the OpenNebula system consists of:
? A capacity in terms memory and CPU
? A set of NICs attached to one or more virtual networks
? A set of disk images

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? A state file (optional) or recovery file, that contains the memory image of a running VM plus some hypervisor
specific information.
The above items, plus some additional VM attributes like the OS kernel and context information to be used inside the
VM, are specified in a template file.
Defining a VM in 3 Steps

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Virtual Machines are defined in an OpenNebula Template. Templates are stored in a repository to easily browse and
instantiate VMs from them. To create a new Template you have to define 3 things


33 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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? Capacity & Name, how big will the VM be?
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
NAME Name that the VM will get for description purposes. Yes one-
MEMORY Amount of RAM required for the VM, in Megabytes. Yes

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CPU CPU ratio (e..g half a physical CPU is 0.5). Yes
VCPU Number of virtual cpus. No 1
Disks. Each disk is defined with a DISK attribute. A VM can use three types of disk:
? Use a persistent Image changes to the disk image will persist after the VM is shutdown.
? Use a non-persistent Image images are cloned, changes to the image will be lost.

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? Volatile disks are created on the fly on the target host. After the VM is shutdown the disk is disposed.

Persistent and Clone Disks
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
IMAGE_ID and IMAGE The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes

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IMAGE_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No self
IMAGE_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No self
Volatile
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
TYPE

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Type of the disk: swap, fs. swap type will set the label to swap so it is
easier to mount and the context packages will automatically mount it.
Yes
SIZE size in MB Yes
FORMAT

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filesystem for fs images: ext2, ext3, etc. raw will not format the image. For
VMs to run on vmfs or vmwareshared configurations, the valid values are:
Yes

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34 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Attribute Description Mandatory Default
vmdk_thin, vmdk_zeroedthick, vmdk_eagerzeroedthick

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Network Interfaces. Each network interface of a VM is defined with the NIC attribute.
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
NETWORK_ID and NETWORK The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes
NETWORK_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No Self
NETWORK_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No Self

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The following example shows a VM Template file with a couple of disks and a network interface, also a VNC section
was added.
NAME = test-vm
MEMORY = 128

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CPU = 1

DISK = [ IMAGE = "Arch Linux" ]
DISK = [ TYPE = swap,
SIZE = 1024 ]

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NIC = [ NETWORK = "Public", NETWORK_UNAME="oneadmin" ]

GRAPHICS = [
TYPE = "vnc",

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LISTEN = "0.0.0.0"]
Simple templates can be also created using the command line instead of creating a template file. The parameters to
do this for onetemplate are:

Parameter

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Description
--namename Name for the VM
--cpucpu CPU percentage reserved for the VM (1=100% one CPU)

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35 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


Parameter

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Description
--vcpuvcpu Number of virtualized CPUs
--archarch Architecture of the VM, e.g.: i386 or x86_64
--memorymemory Memory ammount given to the VM

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--diskdisk0,disk1 Disks to attach. To use a disk owned by other user use user[disk]
--nicvnet0,vnet1 Networks to attach. To use a network owned by other user use user[network]
--rawstring
Raw string to add to the template. Not to be confused with the RAW attribute. If you want
to provide more than one element, just include an enter inside quotes, instead of using

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more than one -raw option
--vnc Add VNC server to the VM
--ssh[file]
Add an ssh public key to the context. If the file is omited then the user variable
SSH_PUBLIC_KEY will be used.

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--net_context Add network contextualization parameters
--contextline1,line2 * Lines to add to the context section
--bootdevice Select boot device (hd, fd, cdrom or network)
A similar template as the previous example can be created with the following command:
$ onetemplate create --name test-vm --memory 128 --cpu 1 --disk "Arch Linux" --nic Public

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Managing Virtual Machines
Assuming we have a VM Template registered called vm-example with ID 6, then we can instantiate the VM issuing
a:
$ onetemplate list

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ID USER GROUP NAME REGTIME
6 oneadminoneadminvm_example 09/28 06:44:07

$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm

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36 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

VM ID: 0
If the template has USER INPUTSdefined the CLI will prompt the user for these values:

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$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm

There are some parameters that require user input.

* (BLOG_TITLE) Blog Title:

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* (DB_PASSWORD) Database Password:
VM ID: 0
Afterwards, the VM can be listed with the onevmlist command. You can also use the onevmtop command to list VMs
continuously.
$ onevm list

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ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME
0 oneadminoneadminmy_vm pend 0 0K 00 00:00:03
After a Scheduling cycle, the VM will be automatically deployed. But the deployment can also be forced by oneadmin
using onevmdeploy:

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$ onehost list

ID NAME RVM TCPU FCPU ACPU TMEM FMEM AMEM STAT
2 testbed 0 800 800 800 16G 16G16G on
$ onevm deploy 0 2

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$ onevm list

ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME
0 oneadminoneadminmy_vmrunn 0 0K testbed 00 00:02:40

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$ onevm show 0
VIRTUAL MACHINE 0 INFORMATION
ID :0
NAME : my_vm

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USER : oneadmin
GROUP : oneadmin


37 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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STATE : ACTIVE
LCM_STATE : RUNNING
START TIME : 04/14 09:00:24
END TIME : -

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DEPLOY ID: : one-0
PERMISSIONS
OWNER : um-
GROUP : ---
OTHER : ---

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VIRTUAL MACHINE MONITORING
NET_TX : 13.05
NET_RX : 0
USED MEMORY : 512
USED CPU : 0

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VIRTUAL MACHINE TEMPLATE
VIRTUAL MACHINE HISTORY

SEQ HOSTNAME REASON START TIME PTIME

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0 testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00
testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00

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38 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to run virtual machines on different configuration was successfully executed & its utilization time is
checked in various machines.

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39 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find procedure to run the virtual machine of different
Configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
Applications:

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? An advantage of virtualizing the workload?s I/O path enables hardware independence by
abstracting vendor specific drivers to more generalized versions that run on the hypervisor.
? It allows the live migration, which is one of virtualization?s greatest availability strengths
? The sharing of aggregate resources, such as network paths

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1. What is cloud computing?
2. What are the benefits of cloud computing?
3. What are the different data types used in cloud computing?

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4. What are the different layers in cloud computing?
5. What do you mean by software as a service?
6. What is on-demand functionality? How is it provided in cloud computing?
7. What are the platforms used for large scale cloud computing?
8. What are the different models for deployment in cloud computing?

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9. What is the difference between cloud computing and mobile computing?
10. What are the open source cloud computing platform databases?
11. What is the difference between cloud and traditional datacenters?
12. Why API's is used in cloud services?
13. What are the different datacenters in cloud computing?

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14. Define API in data virtualization?
15. List of API in cloud?
Viva-voce
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

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0 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

College o f Engineering
?

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DEPARTMENT OF
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

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CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
VII SEMESTER - R 2013

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Name : ______________________________________
Reg. No. : ______________________________________
Section : ______________________________________
LABORATORY MANUAL

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1 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

DHANALAKSHMI

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is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and enterprising
professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and training.

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? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic Excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart and
soul

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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

To strive for acquiring, applying and imparting knowledge in Computer Science and Engineering through quality
education and to provide enthusiastic professionals with commitment

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? To produce highly competent and globally employable engineers in the field of Computer Science and
Engineering
? To inculcate human values among the student community and make them realize their commitment to the society

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? To exhibit excellence in pursuit of research and innovative products with a zeal to serve the society


VISION
VISION

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MISSION
MISSION


2 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)
1. Fundamentals
To provide students with a solid foundation in Mathematics, Science and fundamentals of engineering, enabling
them to apply, to find solutions for engineering problems and use this knowledge to acquire higher education

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2. Core Competence
To train the students in Computer science and engineering technologies so that they apply their knowledge and
training to compare, and to analyze various engineering industrial problems to find solutions
3. Breadth
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice this enables them to

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find solutions for the real time problems in industry, and to design products
4. Professionalism
To inculcate professional and effective communication skills, leadership qualities and team spirit in the students
to make them multi-faceted personalities and develop their ability to relate engineering issues to broader social
context

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5. Lifelong Learning/Ethics
To demonstrate and practice ethical and professional responsibilities in the industry and society in the large,
through commitment and lifelong learning needed for successful professional career

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4


PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)

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a) To demonstrate and apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Electronics and Communication Engineering field
b) To design a component, a system or a process to meet the specific needs within the realistic constraints
such as economics, environment, ethics, health, safety and manufacturability
c) To demonstrate the competency to use software tools for computation, simulation and testing of electronics and

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communication engineering circuits
d) To identify, formulate and solve electronic and communication engineering problems
e) To demonstrate an ability to visualize and work on laboratory and multidisciplinary tasks
f) To function as a member or a leader in multidisciplinary activities
g) To communicate in verbal and written form with fellow engineers and society at large

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h) To understand the impact of Electronics and Communication Engineering in the society and demonstrate awareness
of contemporary issues and commitment to give solutions exhibiting social responsibility
i) To demonstrate professional & ethical responsibilities
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To participate and succeed in competitive exams

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5 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

SYLLABUS
Learn the working of ARM processor

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Understand the Building Blocks of Embedded Systems
Learn the concept of memory map and memory interface
Know the characteristics of Real Time Systems
Write programs to interface memory, I/Os with processor
Study the interrupt performance

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LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
GRID COMPUTING LAB
Use Globus Toolkit or equivalent and do the following:
1. Develop a new Web Service for Calculator.
2. Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service.

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3. Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service.
4. Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs
5. Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus Toolkit.
6. Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it with and without
GRAM concept.

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CLOUD COMPUTING LAB
Use Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent to set up the cloud and demonstrate.
1. Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines
COURSE OBJECTIVES

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6 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

can be utilized at particular time.

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2. Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even
after the release of the virtual machine.
3. Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program.
4. Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other.
5. Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it.

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6. Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster.
7. Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE.
8. Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it.
9. Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits.
? Design and implement applications on the Grid.

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? Design and Implement applications on the Cloud.
? Design network objects by applying the networking concepts.
? Create virtualization concept.
? Design web based applications.
? Apply cloud tools for resource allocation.

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? Apply grid tools for network translation.
? Design private cloud using open stack.
COURSE OUTCOMES

7

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CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
CONTENTS
Sl. No. Name of the Experiment Page No.

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CYCLE 1 ? EXPERIMENTS ( GRID COMPUTING)
1
Develop a new Web Service for Calculator 7
2
Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service 16

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3
Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service 19
4
Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs 22
5

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Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus
Toolkit
25
6
Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it

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with and without GRAM concept
27
CYCLE 2 ? EXPERIMENTS (CLOUD COMPUTING)
1
Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how

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many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
34
2
Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it
holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine

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36
3 Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program 39
4
Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to
the other

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42
5 Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it 45
6 Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster 47
7 Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE
ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS

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1 Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it 52
2 Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks 55

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8 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO GRID COMPUTING

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GRID TECHNOLOGY

? Flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and

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resource
? Grid architecture
? Defined using services and protocols
? Using the ?sand hourglass? model similar to the TCP/IP protocol stack

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"A computational grid is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides dependable, consistent, pervasive and
inexpensive access to high-end computational capabilities."
Grid computing makes it possible to dynamically share and coordinate dispersed, heterogeneous computing
resources. Flexibility and ubiquity are essential characteristics of Web services technologies such as WSDL (Web
Services Description Language), SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), and UDDI (Universal Description,

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Discovery, and Integration).
The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) combines technologies to unlock and exploit grid-attached resources.
OGSA defines mechanisms to create, manage, and exchange information between Grid Services, a special type of
Web service. The architecture uses WSDL extensively to describe the structure and behavior of a service. Service
descriptions are located and discovered using Web Services Inspection Language (WSIL). By combining elements

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from grid computing and Web services technologies, OGSA establishes an extensible and interoperable design and
development framework for Grid Services that includes details for service definition, discovery, and life-cycle
management.

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9 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


GLOBUS TOOLKIT

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The Globus Toolkit provides software tools to make it easier to build computational grids and grid-based
applications. The Globus Toolkit is both an open architecture and open source toolkit.

? The Globus Toolkit is a product of the Globus Alliance (http://www.globus.org)
? It is middleware for developing grids

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? The current release is 6.0.
? Four key protocols and APIs
? Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI)
? Grid Resource Allocation & Mgmt (GRAM)
? Grid Resource Information Protocol (GRIP) and Index Information Protocol (GIIP)

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? Grid File Transfer Protocol (GridFTP)
? Implementations on many platforms
? Resources, security systems, data models,
? Various collective layer protocols & tools
? Info services, replica management, etc.

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? A basis for many Grid-enabled tools & apps
FTP, SSH, Condor, SRB, MPI, EDG, GridPort,
GLOBUS TOOLKIT? COMPONENTS
? Security
? GSI ? Grid Security Infrastructure

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? Resource Management
? GRAM ? Grid Resource Allocation Manager
o globusrun
o RSL
o gatekeeper

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o job manager
o DUROC ? Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator
? Information Services
? MDS ? Monitoring and Discovery Service

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10 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

o GRIS ? Grid Resource Information Service
o GIIS ? Grid Index Information Service

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o MDS Client
? Data Management
o GridFTP, GASS
The Globus Toolkit latest version 6.0 includes:
GSI: security

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GridFTP: file transfer
GRAM: job execution/resource management
MyProxy: credential repository/certificate authority
GSI-OpenSSH: GSI secure single sign-on remote shell

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11 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

GLOBUS TOOLKIT INSTALLATION PROCEDURE
Step1: For installing Globus Toolkit nothing more easy than download the latest package:

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http://toolkit.globus.org/ftppub/gt6/installers/repo/globus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
sudodpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Step2: Update the repositories: sudo apt-get update
Step3: To install Debian or Ubuntu package, download the globus-toolkit-repo package
from the link above and install it with the command:

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root@sysa63:/home/#dpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Do the following for Debian-based systems:
root@sysa63:/home/#apt-get install globus-data-management-client

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12 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 01: DEVELOP A NEW WEB SERVICE FOR CALCULATOR

Aim:

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Develop a Web Service for new Calculator
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
1. Our first web service is an extremely simple Math Web Service, which we'll refer to asMathService. It will
2. allow users to perform the following operations:
a. Addition
b. Subtraction

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3. Furthermore, MathService will have the following resource properties (RPs for short):
a. Value (integer)
b. Last operation performed (string)
4. We will also add a "Get Value" operation to access the Value RP. Once a new resource is created, the
"value" RP is initialized to zero, and the "last operation" RP is initialized to "NONE". The parameter is

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added/subtracted to the "value" RP, and the "last operation" RP is changed to "ADDITION" or
"SUBTRACTION" accordingly. Also, the addition and subtraction operations don't return anything.
5. Writing and deploying a WSRF Web Service is easier than you might think. You just have to follow five
simple steps.
6. Define the service's interface. This is done with WSDL

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7. Implement the service. This is done with Java.
8. Define the deployment parameters. This is done with WSDD and JNDI
9. Compile everything and generate a GAR file. This is done with Ant
10. Deploy service. This is also done with a GT4 tool

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Sample Code:

_instance"
xmlns ="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"
xmlns:tns="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/examples/core/MathService_instance"

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xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsrp="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-
ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.xsd" xmlns:wsrpw="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-


13 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.wsdl"
xmlns:wsdlpp="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/2004/10/WSDLPreprocessor"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">

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Result:
Thus the program for developing web service for new calculator was successfully executed.

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14 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid by using Web Service for new Calculator
Applications:
To make a calculator in Windows application using web service

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1) What is Web Service?
2) What are the advantages of web services?
3) What are the different types of web services?

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4) What is SOAP?
5) What are the advantages of SOAP web services?
6) What are the disadvantages of SOAP web services?
7) What is WSDL?
8) What is UDDI?

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9) What are RESTful web services?
10) What are the advantages of RESTful web services?
11) What is the difference between SOAP and REST web services?
12) What is SOA service architecture?
13) What tools are used to deploy web services?

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14) What is Web Service architecture?
15) What are the advantages of web services in globus toolkit?
16) What are the different types of web services?
17) What is SOAP web services?
18) What is UDP and TCP?

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19) What is stateless SOA?
20) What is data balancing in WSDL?
Viva-voce

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15 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 02: DEVELOP NEW OGSA-COMPLIANT WEB SERVICE

Aim:

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To develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid Service using .NET language.
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:

1. Developed by the Global Grid Forum
2. Aims to define a common, standard, open architecture for Grid Applications.
3. Defines a set of rules that make up a grid service.

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4. Sharing and Coordinated use of diverse resources in Dynamic VO's

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Result:

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Thus the program for developing OGSA- Complaint web service was successfully executed.


16 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid
Service using .NET language

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Applications:
? Sharing of information among diverse components of large heterogenous grid systems
? WAN

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1. How would you decide what style of Web Service to use? SOAP WS or REST?
2. Does the service expose data or business logic?
3. Do consumers and the service providers require a formal contract?
4. Do we need to support multiple data formats?

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5. Do we need to make AJAX calls?
6. Is the call synchronous or asynchronous?
7. What level of security is required?
8. What level of transaction support is required?
9. Do we have limited band width?

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10. What tools do you use to test your Web Services?
11. What is the difference between SOA and a Web service?
12. What is a microservice architecture (aka MSA)?
13. What is data integrity?
14. What is cloud infrastructure?

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Viva-voce

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17 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 03: USING APACHE AXIS DEVELOP A GRID SERVICE

Aim:

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To develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
1. Creating the New Level in the Package
2. Edit the Configuration Files
3. Modify the Service Code
4. Modify the Client

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5. Compile and Deploy
6. Starting the Container
7. Compile the Client
8. Run the Client

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18 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:
Addition was successful
Subtraction was successful
Multiplication was successful
Division was successful

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Current value: 20.

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Result:
Thus the program for Grid Service using Apache Axis was successfully executed.

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19 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Applications:
? To create web service in Java
? To work with Globus Tool kit standards web service

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1. What are the different application integration styles?
2. What is Grid Computing?
3. What is QOS?
4. What are the derivatives of grid computing?

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5. What are the features of data grids?
6. What is load balancing?
7. What is grid infrastructure?
8. Define ? Distributed Computing.
9. Define ? OSGI.

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10. Define ? OSGA.
11. What is the use of API?s in cloud services?
12. What is the difference between cloud and grid?
13. What is data communication?
14. What are the elements of data communication?

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Viva-voce


20 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 04: DEVELOP APPLICATIONS USING JAVA OR C/C++ GRID
APIS
Aim:
To develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Import all the necessary java packages and name the file as GridLayoutDemo.java

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2. Set up components to preferred size
3. Add buttons to experiment with Grid Layout
4. Add controls to set up horizontal and vertical gaps
5. Process the Apply gaps button press
6. Create the GUI

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7. Create and set up the window,Set up the content pane and Display the Window
8. Schedule a job for the event dispatch thread
9. Show the application's GUI

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21 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:

Figure 1: Horizontal, Left-to-Right Figure 2: Horizontal, Right-to-Left

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Result:
Thus the program to develop an application in java using Grid APIs was successfully executed.


22 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop an application in Java using Grid APIs

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Applications:
Used for defining a application programme interface for common distributes computing functionality

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1) Describe the two most important advantages of using Distributed/Grid Computing.
2) What is the main function of DNS?
3) Briefly outline two applications of Public Key systems.
4) Provide one major difference between synchronous and asynchronous communication.
5) Provide one major difference between ASCII and Unicode encodings.

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6) Provide two major differences between sequential computing and parallel computing.
7) Write the any three Grid Applications.
8) Give the examples of Hardware service provider.
9) Give the example of software application ASP.
10) What are grid portals? Give example.

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11) What are the high level services including in existing globus tool kit?
12) Name the components available in Nimrod architecture?
13) What are the major objectives of Euro grid project?
14) What is the application specific work packages identified for the Euro grid?
15) Define dynamic accounting system.

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Viva-voce

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23 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

EX.NO. 05: DEVELOP SECURED APPLICATIONS USING BASIC

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SECURITY MECHANISMS AVAILABLE IN GLOBUS TOOLKIT.
Aim:
To develop a secured applications using a basic security mechanisms available in Globus toolkit
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
The Globus Toolkit incorporates multiple security components that establish the identity of users or services
(authentication), protect communications, and determine who is allowed to perform what actions (authorization), as

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well as manage user credentials.
? GSI C: The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and
certificate management.
? MyProxy: MyProxy is open source software for managing X.509 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) security
credentials (certificates and private keys).

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? GSI-OpenSSH: GSI-OpenSSH is a modified version of OpenSSH that adds support for X.509 proxy
certificate authentication and delegation, providing a single sign-on remote login and file transfer service.
The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and certificate
management. The authentication API is built using Public KeyInfrastructure (PKI) technologies, e.g. X.509
Certificates and TLS. In addition to authentication it features a delegation mechanism based upon X.509 Proxy

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Certificates. Authorization support takes the form of a couple of APIs. The first provides a generic authorization API
that allows callouts to perform access control based on the client's credentials (i.e. the X.509 certificate chain). The
second provides a simple access control list that maps authorized remote entities to local (system) user names. The
second mechanism also provides callouts that allow third parties to override the default behavior and is currently
used in the Gatekeeper and GridFTP servers. In addition to the above there are various lower level APIs and tools

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for managing, discovering and querying certificates.
Components for Grid Security
1. Basic Security Mechanisms
2. Components for Credential Generation
3. Components for Credential Management

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24 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Beyond verifying the identities of users and services, basic Grid security mechanisms leave access control decisions

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to services. The Grid community has developed authorization and access control tools for storing and providing
access to system-wide authorization information and for creating a central data store for supporting decentralized
control mechanisms.
Basic Security Mechanisms
? Pre-Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A non-Web services implementation of the Grid

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Security Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI
mechanisms
? Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A Web services implementation of the Grid Security
Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI mechanisms

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Result:

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Thus the program to develop a security application available in Globus toolkit was successfully executed.
Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a secured applications using a basic security

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mechanisms available in Globus toolkit



25 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Applications:
To provide easy acces to best breed open source network security

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1. What are the collective services available in grid computing?
2. What are the basic principles of autonomous computing?
3. What are the four essential characteristics of on demand business?
4. What are the essential capabilities provided by on demand business?
5. What are the two most important technologies for building semantic webs?

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6. Define Peer to Peer computing?
7. What is the combination of Globus GT3 toolkit?
8. What is a GT3 core?
9. What are the components available in service model?
10. Define WS-Trust

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11. Define WS ?Federation
12. Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
13. Who are the actors in CDC?
14. Mention the scenarios in CDC?
15. What are the functional requirements of CDC on OGSA?

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Viva-voce

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26 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 06: DEVELOP A GRID PORTAL, WHERE USER CAN SUBMIT

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A JOB AND GET THE RESULT, IMPLEMENT IT WITH AND WITHOUT
GRAM CONCEPT.
Aim:
To develop a Grid portal and implement it with and without GRAM concept
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

Procedure:

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Multiple times that the likely user interface to grid applications will be through portals, specifically Web portals. A grid
portal may be constructed as a Web page interface to provide easy access to grid applications. The Web user
interface provides user authentication, job submission, job monitoring, and results of the job.
Globus Resource Allocation Manager (GRAM)
When a job is submitted by a client, the request is sent to the remote host and handled by a gatekeeper daemon.

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The gatekeeper creates a job manager to start and monitor the job. When the job is finished, the job manager
sends the status information back to the client and terminates.
The GRAM subsystem consists of the following elements:
? The globusrun command and associated APIs Resource Specification Language (RSL)
? The gatekeeper daemon The job manager Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator (DUROC)

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Each of these elements are described briefly below.
The globusrun command
The globusrun command (or its equivalent API) submits a job to a resource within the grid. This command
is typically passed an RSL string (see below) that specifies parameters and other properties required to successfully
launch and run the job

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27 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Resource Specification Language (RSL)

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RSL is a language used by clients to specify the job to be run. All job submission requests are described in an RSL
string that includes information such as the executable file; its parameters; information about redirection of stdin,
stdout, and stderr; and so on. Basically it provides a standard way of specifying all of the information required to
execute a job, independent of the target environment. It is then the responsibility of the job manager on the target
system to parse the information and launch the job in the appropriate way.

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The syntax of RSL is very straightforward. Each statement is enclosed within parenthesis. Comments are
designated with parenthesis and asterisks, for example, (* this is a comment *). Supported attributes include the
following:
rsl_substitution: Defines variables
executable: The script or command to be run

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arguments: Information or flags to be passed to the executable
stdin: Specifies the remote URL and local file used for the executable stdout: Specifies the remote file to place
standard output from the job stderr: Specifies the remote file to place standard error from the job queue: Specifies the
queue to submit the job (requires a scheduler) count: Specifies the number of executions
directory: Specifies the directory to run the job

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project: Specifies a project account for the job (requires a scheduler) dryRun: Verifies the RSL string but
does not run the job
maxMemory: Specifies the maximum amount of memory in MBs required for the job
minMemory: Specifies the minimum amount of memory in MBs required for the job
hostCount: Specifies the number of nodes in a cluster required for the job environment: Specifies environment

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variables that are required for the job
jobType: Specifies the type of job single process, multi-process, mpi, or condor
maxTime: Specifies the maximum execution wall or cpu time for one execution
maxWallTime: Specifies the maximum walltime for one execution maxCpuTime: Specifies the maximum
cpu time for one execution

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gramMyjob: Specifies the whether the gram myjob interface starts one process/thread (independent) or more
(collective)


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Result:
Thus the program to develop Grid Portal was successfully executed.

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29 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid portal and implement it with and
without GRAM concept
Application:
? It is useful and necessary for interfaces for the performance of operations on the Grid. The Grid
Portal Development Kit (GPDK) facilitates the development of Grid portals and provides several key

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reusable components for accessing various Grid services.
? A Grid Portal provides a customizable interface allowing scientists to perform a variety of Grid
operations including remote program submission, file staging, and querying of information services
from a single, secure gateway.
? The Grid Portal Development Kit leverages off existing Globus/Grid middleware infrastructure as

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well as commodity web technology including Java Server Pages and servlets .



1) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?

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2) What are the major goals of OGSA?
3) What are the more specific goals of OGSA?
4) What are the main purposes of use case defined by OGSA?
5) Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
6) What are the layers available in OGSA architectural organizations?

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7) What are the OGSA basic services?
8) What are the two aspects involved in GRAM?
9) What are the two kinds of lifecycle model associated with state data recovery?
10) What is a GT3 core?
11) What are the major components of default server side framework?

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12) What is Grid container?
13) What are the two levels of security available in GT3?
14) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?
15) What are the two different message-level authentication mechanisms provided by GT3 framework?
16) What are the most common GT3 security handlers?

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Viva-voce


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INTRODUCTION TO CLOUD COMPUTING

What is cloud computing?
Cloud computing means that instead of all the computer hardware and software you're using sitting on your
desktop, or somewhere inside your company's network, it's provided for you as a service by another company and

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accessed over the Internet, usually in a completely seamless way. Exactly where the hardware and software is
located and how it all works doesn't matter to you, the user?it's just somewhere up in the nebulous "cloud" that the
Internet represents.
Cloud computing is a buzzword that means different things to different people. For some, it's just another way of
describing IT (information technology) "outsourcing"; others use it to mean any computing service provided over the

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Internet or a similar network; and some define it as any bought-in computer service you use that sits outside your
firewall.
Types of cloud computing
IT people talk about three different kinds of cloud computing, where different services are being provided for you.
Note that there's a certain amount of vagueness about how these things are defined and some overlap between

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them.
? Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) means you're buying access to raw computing hardware over the Net,
such as servers or storage. Since you buy what you need and pay-as-you-go, this is often referred to as
utility computing. Ordinary web hosting is a simple example of IaaS: you pay a monthly subscription or a
per-megabyte/gigabyte fee to have a hosting company serve up files for your website from their servers.

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? Software as a Service (SaaS) means you use a complete application running on someone else's system.
Web-based email and Google Documents are perhaps the best-known examples. Zoho is another well-
known SaaS provider offering a variety of office applications online.
? Platform as a Service (PaaS) means you develop applications using Web-based tools so they run on
systems software and hardware provided by another company. So, for example, you might develop your

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own ecommerce website but have the whole thing, including the shopping cart, checkout, and payment
mechanism running on a merchant's server. App Cloud (from salesforce.com) and the Google App Engine
are examples of PaaS.
Advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing
Advantages

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The pros of cloud computing are obvious and compelling. If your business is selling books or repairing shoes,
why get involved in the nitty gritty of buying and maintaining a complex computer system? If you run an insurance
office, do you really want your sales agents wasting time running anti-virus software, upgrading word-processors, or
worrying about hard-drive crashes? Do you really want them cluttering your expensive computers with their personal

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31 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

emails, illegally shared MP3 files, and naughty YouTube videos?when you could leave that responsibility to
someone else? Cloud computing allows you to buy in only the services you want, when you want them, cutting the

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upfront capital costs of computers and peripherals. You avoid equipment going out of date and other familiar IT
problems like ensuring system security and reliability. You can add extra services (or take them away) at a moment's
notice as your business needs change. It's really quick and easy to add new applications or services to your
business without waiting weeks or months for the new computer (and its software) to arrive.
Drawbacks

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Instant convenience comes at a price. Instead of purchasing computers and software, cloud computing means you
buy services, so one-off, upfront capital costs become ongoing operating costs instead. That might work out much
more expensive in the long-term.
If you're using software as a service (for example, writing a report using an online word processor or sending emails
through webmail), you need a reliable, high-speed, broadband Internet connection functioning the whole time you're

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working. That's something we take for granted in countries such as the United States, but it's much more of an issue
in developing countries or rural areas where broadband is unavailable.
An Introduction to Cloud Computing with OpenNebula
An OpenNebula Private Cloud provides infrastructure users with an elastic platform for fast delivery and scalability of
services to meet dynamic demands of service end-users. Services are hosted in VMs, and then submitted,

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monitored and controlled in the Cloud by using Sunstone or any of the OpenNebula interfaces:
? Command Line Interface (CLI)
? XML-RPC API
? OpenNebulaRuby and Java Cloud APIs
The aim of a Private Cloud is not to expose to the world a cloud interface to sell capacity over the Internet, but to

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provide local cloud users and administrators with a flexible and agile private infrastructure to run virtualized service
workloads within the administrative domain. OpenNebula virtual infrastructure interfaces expose user and
administrator functionality for virtualization, networking, image and physical resource configuration, management,
monitoring and accounting.

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32 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


Expt.No.1: FIND PROCEDURE TO RUN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE OF
DIFFERENT CONFIGURATION. CHECK HOW MANY VIRTUAL

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MACHINES CAN BE UTILIZED AT PARTICULAR TIME.

Aim:
To Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be
utilized at particular time

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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Creating Virtual Machines
In OpenNebula the Virtual Machines are defined with Template files. The Template Repository system allows
OpenNebula administrators and users to register Virtual Machine definitions in the system, to be instantiated later as
Virtual Machine instances. These Templates can be instantiated several times, and also shared with other users.

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Virtual Machine Model
A Virtual Machine within the OpenNebula system consists of:
? A capacity in terms memory and CPU
? A set of NICs attached to one or more virtual networks
? A set of disk images

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? A state file (optional) or recovery file, that contains the memory image of a running VM plus some hypervisor
specific information.
The above items, plus some additional VM attributes like the OS kernel and context information to be used inside the
VM, are specified in a template file.
Defining a VM in 3 Steps

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Virtual Machines are defined in an OpenNebula Template. Templates are stored in a repository to easily browse and
instantiate VMs from them. To create a new Template you have to define 3 things


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? Capacity & Name, how big will the VM be?
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
NAME Name that the VM will get for description purposes. Yes one-
MEMORY Amount of RAM required for the VM, in Megabytes. Yes

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CPU CPU ratio (e..g half a physical CPU is 0.5). Yes
VCPU Number of virtual cpus. No 1
Disks. Each disk is defined with a DISK attribute. A VM can use three types of disk:
? Use a persistent Image changes to the disk image will persist after the VM is shutdown.
? Use a non-persistent Image images are cloned, changes to the image will be lost.

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? Volatile disks are created on the fly on the target host. After the VM is shutdown the disk is disposed.

Persistent and Clone Disks
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
IMAGE_ID and IMAGE The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes

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IMAGE_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No self
IMAGE_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No self
Volatile
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
TYPE

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Type of the disk: swap, fs. swap type will set the label to swap so it is
easier to mount and the context packages will automatically mount it.
Yes
SIZE size in MB Yes
FORMAT

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filesystem for fs images: ext2, ext3, etc. raw will not format the image. For
VMs to run on vmfs or vmwareshared configurations, the valid values are:
Yes

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34 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Attribute Description Mandatory Default
vmdk_thin, vmdk_zeroedthick, vmdk_eagerzeroedthick

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Network Interfaces. Each network interface of a VM is defined with the NIC attribute.
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
NETWORK_ID and NETWORK The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes
NETWORK_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No Self
NETWORK_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No Self

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The following example shows a VM Template file with a couple of disks and a network interface, also a VNC section
was added.
NAME = test-vm
MEMORY = 128

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CPU = 1

DISK = [ IMAGE = "Arch Linux" ]
DISK = [ TYPE = swap,
SIZE = 1024 ]

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NIC = [ NETWORK = "Public", NETWORK_UNAME="oneadmin" ]

GRAPHICS = [
TYPE = "vnc",

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LISTEN = "0.0.0.0"]
Simple templates can be also created using the command line instead of creating a template file. The parameters to
do this for onetemplate are:

Parameter

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Description
--namename Name for the VM
--cpucpu CPU percentage reserved for the VM (1=100% one CPU)

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35 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


Parameter

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Description
--vcpuvcpu Number of virtualized CPUs
--archarch Architecture of the VM, e.g.: i386 or x86_64
--memorymemory Memory ammount given to the VM

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--diskdisk0,disk1 Disks to attach. To use a disk owned by other user use user[disk]
--nicvnet0,vnet1 Networks to attach. To use a network owned by other user use user[network]
--rawstring
Raw string to add to the template. Not to be confused with the RAW attribute. If you want
to provide more than one element, just include an enter inside quotes, instead of using

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more than one -raw option
--vnc Add VNC server to the VM
--ssh[file]
Add an ssh public key to the context. If the file is omited then the user variable
SSH_PUBLIC_KEY will be used.

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--net_context Add network contextualization parameters
--contextline1,line2 * Lines to add to the context section
--bootdevice Select boot device (hd, fd, cdrom or network)
A similar template as the previous example can be created with the following command:
$ onetemplate create --name test-vm --memory 128 --cpu 1 --disk "Arch Linux" --nic Public

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Managing Virtual Machines
Assuming we have a VM Template registered called vm-example with ID 6, then we can instantiate the VM issuing
a:
$ onetemplate list

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ID USER GROUP NAME REGTIME
6 oneadminoneadminvm_example 09/28 06:44:07

$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm

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VM ID: 0
If the template has USER INPUTSdefined the CLI will prompt the user for these values:

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$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm

There are some parameters that require user input.

* (BLOG_TITLE) Blog Title:

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* (DB_PASSWORD) Database Password:
VM ID: 0
Afterwards, the VM can be listed with the onevmlist command. You can also use the onevmtop command to list VMs
continuously.
$ onevm list

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ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME
0 oneadminoneadminmy_vm pend 0 0K 00 00:00:03
After a Scheduling cycle, the VM will be automatically deployed. But the deployment can also be forced by oneadmin
using onevmdeploy:

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$ onehost list

ID NAME RVM TCPU FCPU ACPU TMEM FMEM AMEM STAT
2 testbed 0 800 800 800 16G 16G16G on
$ onevm deploy 0 2

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$ onevm list

ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME
0 oneadminoneadminmy_vmrunn 0 0K testbed 00 00:02:40

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$ onevm show 0
VIRTUAL MACHINE 0 INFORMATION
ID :0
NAME : my_vm

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USER : oneadmin
GROUP : oneadmin


37 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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STATE : ACTIVE
LCM_STATE : RUNNING
START TIME : 04/14 09:00:24
END TIME : -

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DEPLOY ID: : one-0
PERMISSIONS
OWNER : um-
GROUP : ---
OTHER : ---

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VIRTUAL MACHINE MONITORING
NET_TX : 13.05
NET_RX : 0
USED MEMORY : 512
USED CPU : 0

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VIRTUAL MACHINE TEMPLATE
VIRTUAL MACHINE HISTORY

SEQ HOSTNAME REASON START TIME PTIME

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0 testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00
testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00

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38 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to run virtual machines on different configuration was successfully executed & its utilization time is
checked in various machines.

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39 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find procedure to run the virtual machine of different
Configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
Applications:

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? An advantage of virtualizing the workload?s I/O path enables hardware independence by
abstracting vendor specific drivers to more generalized versions that run on the hypervisor.
? It allows the live migration, which is one of virtualization?s greatest availability strengths
? The sharing of aggregate resources, such as network paths

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1. What is cloud computing?
2. What are the benefits of cloud computing?
3. What are the different data types used in cloud computing?

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4. What are the different layers in cloud computing?
5. What do you mean by software as a service?
6. What is on-demand functionality? How is it provided in cloud computing?
7. What are the platforms used for large scale cloud computing?
8. What are the different models for deployment in cloud computing?

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9. What is the difference between cloud computing and mobile computing?
10. What are the open source cloud computing platform databases?
11. What is the difference between cloud and traditional datacenters?
12. Why API's is used in cloud services?
13. What are the different datacenters in cloud computing?

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14. Define API in data virtualization?
15. List of API in cloud?
Viva-voce

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40 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No.02: FIND PROCEDURE TO ATTACH VIRTUAL BLOCK TO
THE VIRTUAL MACHINE AND CHECK WHETHER IT HOLDS THE
DATA EVEN AFTER THE RELEASE OF THE VIRTUAL MACHINE.

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Aim:
To find a procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even after the
release of the virtual machine

Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
VirtualBox uses a special kernel module called vboxdrv to perform physical memory allocation and to gain control of
the processor for guest system execution. Without this kernel module, you can still use the VirtualBox manager to
configure virtual machines, but they will not start. In addition, there are the network kernel modules vboxnetflt and
vboxnetadp which are required for the more advanced networking features of VirtualBox.

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The VirtualBox kernel module is automatically installed on your system when you install VirtualBox. To
maintain it with future kernel updates, for those Linux distributions which provide it -- most current ones -- we
recommend installing Dynamic Kernel Module Support (DKMS). This framework helps with building and upgrading
kernel modules.
If DKMS is not already installed, execute one of the following:

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On an Ubuntu system:
sudo apt-get install dkms
If DKMS is available and installed, the VirtualBox kernel module should always work automatically, and it will be
automatically rebuilt if your host kernel is updated.
Otherwise, there are only two situations in which you will need to worry about the kernel module:

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1. The original installation fails. This probably means that your Linux system is not prepared for building
external kernel modules.
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

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0 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

College o f Engineering
?

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DEPARTMENT OF
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

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CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
VII SEMESTER - R 2013

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Name : ______________________________________
Reg. No. : ______________________________________
Section : ______________________________________
LABORATORY MANUAL

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1 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

DHANALAKSHMI

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is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and enterprising
professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and training.

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? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic Excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart and
soul

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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

To strive for acquiring, applying and imparting knowledge in Computer Science and Engineering through quality
education and to provide enthusiastic professionals with commitment

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? To produce highly competent and globally employable engineers in the field of Computer Science and
Engineering
? To inculcate human values among the student community and make them realize their commitment to the society
? To exhibit excellence in pursuit of research and innovative products with a zeal to serve the society

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VISION
VISION
MISSION

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MISSION


2 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)
1. Fundamentals
To provide students with a solid foundation in Mathematics, Science and fundamentals of engineering, enabling
them to apply, to find solutions for engineering problems and use this knowledge to acquire higher education
2. Core Competence

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To train the students in Computer science and engineering technologies so that they apply their knowledge and
training to compare, and to analyze various engineering industrial problems to find solutions
3. Breadth
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice this enables them to
find solutions for the real time problems in industry, and to design products

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4. Professionalism
To inculcate professional and effective communication skills, leadership qualities and team spirit in the students
to make them multi-faceted personalities and develop their ability to relate engineering issues to broader social
context
5. Lifelong Learning/Ethics

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To demonstrate and practice ethical and professional responsibilities in the industry and society in the large,
through commitment and lifelong learning needed for successful professional career

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4


PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)
a) To demonstrate and apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in

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Electronics and Communication Engineering field
b) To design a component, a system or a process to meet the specific needs within the realistic constraints
such as economics, environment, ethics, health, safety and manufacturability
c) To demonstrate the competency to use software tools for computation, simulation and testing of electronics and
communication engineering circuits

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d) To identify, formulate and solve electronic and communication engineering problems
e) To demonstrate an ability to visualize and work on laboratory and multidisciplinary tasks
f) To function as a member or a leader in multidisciplinary activities
g) To communicate in verbal and written form with fellow engineers and society at large
h) To understand the impact of Electronics and Communication Engineering in the society and demonstrate awareness

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of contemporary issues and commitment to give solutions exhibiting social responsibility
i) To demonstrate professional & ethical responsibilities
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To participate and succeed in competitive exams

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5 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

SYLLABUS
Learn the working of ARM processor
Understand the Building Blocks of Embedded Systems

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Learn the concept of memory map and memory interface
Know the characteristics of Real Time Systems
Write programs to interface memory, I/Os with processor
Study the interrupt performance
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

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GRID COMPUTING LAB
Use Globus Toolkit or equivalent and do the following:
1. Develop a new Web Service for Calculator.
2. Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service.
3. Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service.

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4. Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs
5. Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus Toolkit.
6. Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it with and without
GRAM concept.

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CLOUD COMPUTING LAB
Use Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent to set up the cloud and demonstrate.
1. Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines
COURSE OBJECTIVES

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6 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

can be utilized at particular time.
2. Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even

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after the release of the virtual machine.
3. Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program.
4. Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other.
5. Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it.
6. Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster.

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7. Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE.
8. Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it.
9. Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits.
? Design and implement applications on the Grid.
? Design and Implement applications on the Cloud.

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? Design network objects by applying the networking concepts.
? Create virtualization concept.
? Design web based applications.
? Apply cloud tools for resource allocation.
? Apply grid tools for network translation.

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? Design private cloud using open stack.
COURSE OUTCOMES

7

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CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
CONTENTS
Sl. No. Name of the Experiment Page No.
CYCLE 1 ? EXPERIMENTS ( GRID COMPUTING)

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1
Develop a new Web Service for Calculator 7
2
Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service 16
3

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Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service 19
4
Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs 22
5
Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus

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Toolkit
25
6
Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it
with and without GRAM concept

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27
CYCLE 2 ? EXPERIMENTS (CLOUD COMPUTING)
1
Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how
many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time

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34
2
Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it
holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
36

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3 Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program 39
4
Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to
the other
42

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5 Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it 45
6 Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster 47
7 Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE
ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS
1 Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it 52

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2 Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks 55

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8 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO GRID COMPUTING

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GRID TECHNOLOGY

? Flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and
resource

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? Grid architecture
? Defined using services and protocols
? Using the ?sand hourglass? model similar to the TCP/IP protocol stack

"A computational grid is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides dependable, consistent, pervasive and

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inexpensive access to high-end computational capabilities."
Grid computing makes it possible to dynamically share and coordinate dispersed, heterogeneous computing
resources. Flexibility and ubiquity are essential characteristics of Web services technologies such as WSDL (Web
Services Description Language), SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), and UDDI (Universal Description,
Discovery, and Integration).

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The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) combines technologies to unlock and exploit grid-attached resources.
OGSA defines mechanisms to create, manage, and exchange information between Grid Services, a special type of
Web service. The architecture uses WSDL extensively to describe the structure and behavior of a service. Service
descriptions are located and discovered using Web Services Inspection Language (WSIL). By combining elements
from grid computing and Web services technologies, OGSA establishes an extensible and interoperable design and

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development framework for Grid Services that includes details for service definition, discovery, and life-cycle
management.


9 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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GLOBUS TOOLKIT

The Globus Toolkit provides software tools to make it easier to build computational grids and grid-based

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applications. The Globus Toolkit is both an open architecture and open source toolkit.

? The Globus Toolkit is a product of the Globus Alliance (http://www.globus.org)
? It is middleware for developing grids
? The current release is 6.0.

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? Four key protocols and APIs
? Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI)
? Grid Resource Allocation & Mgmt (GRAM)
? Grid Resource Information Protocol (GRIP) and Index Information Protocol (GIIP)
? Grid File Transfer Protocol (GridFTP)

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? Implementations on many platforms
? Resources, security systems, data models,
? Various collective layer protocols & tools
? Info services, replica management, etc.
? A basis for many Grid-enabled tools & apps

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FTP, SSH, Condor, SRB, MPI, EDG, GridPort,
GLOBUS TOOLKIT? COMPONENTS
? Security
? GSI ? Grid Security Infrastructure
? Resource Management

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? GRAM ? Grid Resource Allocation Manager
o globusrun
o RSL
o gatekeeper
o job manager

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o DUROC ? Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator
? Information Services
? MDS ? Monitoring and Discovery Service

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10 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

o GRIS ? Grid Resource Information Service
o GIIS ? Grid Index Information Service
o MDS Client

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? Data Management
o GridFTP, GASS
The Globus Toolkit latest version 6.0 includes:
GSI: security
GridFTP: file transfer

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GRAM: job execution/resource management
MyProxy: credential repository/certificate authority
GSI-OpenSSH: GSI secure single sign-on remote shell

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11 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

GLOBUS TOOLKIT INSTALLATION PROCEDURE
Step1: For installing Globus Toolkit nothing more easy than download the latest package:
http://toolkit.globus.org/ftppub/gt6/installers/repo/globus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb

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sudodpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Step2: Update the repositories: sudo apt-get update
Step3: To install Debian or Ubuntu package, download the globus-toolkit-repo package
from the link above and install it with the command:
root@sysa63:/home/#dpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb

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Do the following for Debian-based systems:
root@sysa63:/home/#apt-get install globus-data-management-client

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12 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 01: DEVELOP A NEW WEB SERVICE FOR CALCULATOR

Aim:
Develop a Web Service for new Calculator

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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1. Our first web service is an extremely simple Math Web Service, which we'll refer to asMathService. It will
2. allow users to perform the following operations:
a. Addition
b. Subtraction
3. Furthermore, MathService will have the following resource properties (RPs for short):

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a. Value (integer)
b. Last operation performed (string)
4. We will also add a "Get Value" operation to access the Value RP. Once a new resource is created, the
"value" RP is initialized to zero, and the "last operation" RP is initialized to "NONE". The parameter is
added/subtracted to the "value" RP, and the "last operation" RP is changed to "ADDITION" or

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"SUBTRACTION" accordingly. Also, the addition and subtraction operations don't return anything.
5. Writing and deploying a WSRF Web Service is easier than you might think. You just have to follow five
simple steps.
6. Define the service's interface. This is done with WSDL
7. Implement the service. This is done with Java.

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8. Define the deployment parameters. This is done with WSDD and JNDI
9. Compile everything and generate a GAR file. This is done with Ant
10. Deploy service. This is also done with a GT4 tool

Sample Code:

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_instance"
xmlns ="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"
xmlns:tns="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/examples/core/MathService_instance"
xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsrp="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-

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ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.xsd" xmlns:wsrpw="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-


13 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.wsdl"
xmlns:wsdlpp="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/2004/10/WSDLPreprocessor"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">

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Result:
Thus the program for developing web service for new calculator was successfully executed.

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14 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid by using Web Service for new Calculator
Applications:
To make a calculator in Windows application using web service

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1) What is Web Service?
2) What are the advantages of web services?
3) What are the different types of web services?
4) What is SOAP?

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5) What are the advantages of SOAP web services?
6) What are the disadvantages of SOAP web services?
7) What is WSDL?
8) What is UDDI?
9) What are RESTful web services?

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10) What are the advantages of RESTful web services?
11) What is the difference between SOAP and REST web services?
12) What is SOA service architecture?
13) What tools are used to deploy web services?
14) What is Web Service architecture?

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15) What are the advantages of web services in globus toolkit?
16) What are the different types of web services?
17) What is SOAP web services?
18) What is UDP and TCP?
19) What is stateless SOA?

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20) What is data balancing in WSDL?
Viva-voce


15 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 02: DEVELOP NEW OGSA-COMPLIANT WEB SERVICE

Aim:
To develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid Service using .NET language.

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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1. Developed by the Global Grid Forum
2. Aims to define a common, standard, open architecture for Grid Applications.
3. Defines a set of rules that make up a grid service.
4. Sharing and Coordinated use of diverse resources in Dynamic VO's

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Result:
Thus the program for developing OGSA- Complaint web service was successfully executed.

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16 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid
Service using .NET language
Applications:

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? Sharing of information among diverse components of large heterogenous grid systems
? WAN

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1. How would you decide what style of Web Service to use? SOAP WS or REST?
2. Does the service expose data or business logic?
3. Do consumers and the service providers require a formal contract?
4. Do we need to support multiple data formats?
5. Do we need to make AJAX calls?

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6. Is the call synchronous or asynchronous?
7. What level of security is required?
8. What level of transaction support is required?
9. Do we have limited band width?
10. What tools do you use to test your Web Services?

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11. What is the difference between SOA and a Web service?
12. What is a microservice architecture (aka MSA)?
13. What is data integrity?
14. What is cloud infrastructure?

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Viva-voce


17 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 03: USING APACHE AXIS DEVELOP A GRID SERVICE

Aim:
To develop a Grid service using Apache Axis

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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1. Creating the New Level in the Package
2. Edit the Configuration Files
3. Modify the Service Code
4. Modify the Client
5. Compile and Deploy

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6. Starting the Container
7. Compile the Client
8. Run the Client

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18 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00



Sample Output:

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Addition was successful
Subtraction was successful
Multiplication was successful
Division was successful
Current value: 20.

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Result:
Thus the program for Grid Service using Apache Axis was successfully executed.


19 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid service using Apache Axis

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Applications:
? To create web service in Java
? To work with Globus Tool kit standards web service

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1. What are the different application integration styles?
2. What is Grid Computing?
3. What is QOS?
4. What are the derivatives of grid computing?
5. What are the features of data grids?

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6. What is load balancing?
7. What is grid infrastructure?
8. Define ? Distributed Computing.
9. Define ? OSGI.
10. Define ? OSGA.

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11. What is the use of API?s in cloud services?
12. What is the difference between cloud and grid?
13. What is data communication?
14. What are the elements of data communication?

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Viva-voce

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20 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 04: DEVELOP APPLICATIONS USING JAVA OR C/C++ GRID

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APIS
Aim:
To develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Import all the necessary java packages and name the file as GridLayoutDemo.java
2. Set up components to preferred size

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3. Add buttons to experiment with Grid Layout
4. Add controls to set up horizontal and vertical gaps
5. Process the Apply gaps button press
6. Create the GUI
7. Create and set up the window,Set up the content pane and Display the Window

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8. Schedule a job for the event dispatch thread
9. Show the application's GUI

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21 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:

Figure 1: Horizontal, Left-to-Right Figure 2: Horizontal, Right-to-Left

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Result:

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Thus the program to develop an application in java using Grid APIs was successfully executed.


22 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Applications:

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Used for defining a application programme interface for common distributes computing functionality



1) Describe the two most important advantages of using Distributed/Grid Computing.

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2) What is the main function of DNS?
3) Briefly outline two applications of Public Key systems.
4) Provide one major difference between synchronous and asynchronous communication.
5) Provide one major difference between ASCII and Unicode encodings.
6) Provide two major differences between sequential computing and parallel computing.

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7) Write the any three Grid Applications.
8) Give the examples of Hardware service provider.
9) Give the example of software application ASP.
10) What are grid portals? Give example.
11) What are the high level services including in existing globus tool kit?

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12) Name the components available in Nimrod architecture?
13) What are the major objectives of Euro grid project?
14) What is the application specific work packages identified for the Euro grid?
15) Define dynamic accounting system.

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Viva-voce

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23 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

EX.NO. 05: DEVELOP SECURED APPLICATIONS USING BASIC
SECURITY MECHANISMS AVAILABLE IN GLOBUS TOOLKIT.

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Aim:
To develop a secured applications using a basic security mechanisms available in Globus toolkit
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
The Globus Toolkit incorporates multiple security components that establish the identity of users or services
(authentication), protect communications, and determine who is allowed to perform what actions (authorization), as
well as manage user credentials.

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? GSI C: The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and
certificate management.
? MyProxy: MyProxy is open source software for managing X.509 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) security
credentials (certificates and private keys).
? GSI-OpenSSH: GSI-OpenSSH is a modified version of OpenSSH that adds support for X.509 proxy

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certificate authentication and delegation, providing a single sign-on remote login and file transfer service.
The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and certificate
management. The authentication API is built using Public KeyInfrastructure (PKI) technologies, e.g. X.509
Certificates and TLS. In addition to authentication it features a delegation mechanism based upon X.509 Proxy
Certificates. Authorization support takes the form of a couple of APIs. The first provides a generic authorization API

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that allows callouts to perform access control based on the client's credentials (i.e. the X.509 certificate chain). The
second provides a simple access control list that maps authorized remote entities to local (system) user names. The
second mechanism also provides callouts that allow third parties to override the default behavior and is currently
used in the Gatekeeper and GridFTP servers. In addition to the above there are various lower level APIs and tools
for managing, discovering and querying certificates.

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Components for Grid Security
1. Basic Security Mechanisms
2. Components for Credential Generation
3. Components for Credential Management

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24 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Beyond verifying the identities of users and services, basic Grid security mechanisms leave access control decisions
to services. The Grid community has developed authorization and access control tools for storing and providing

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access to system-wide authorization information and for creating a central data store for supporting decentralized
control mechanisms.
Basic Security Mechanisms
? Pre-Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A non-Web services implementation of the Grid
Security Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI

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mechanisms
? Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A Web services implementation of the Grid Security
Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI mechanisms

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Result:
Thus the program to develop a security application available in Globus toolkit was successfully executed.

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a secured applications using a basic security
mechanisms available in Globus toolkit

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25 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Applications:
To provide easy acces to best breed open source network security


1. What are the collective services available in grid computing?

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2. What are the basic principles of autonomous computing?
3. What are the four essential characteristics of on demand business?
4. What are the essential capabilities provided by on demand business?
5. What are the two most important technologies for building semantic webs?
6. Define Peer to Peer computing?

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7. What is the combination of Globus GT3 toolkit?
8. What is a GT3 core?
9. What are the components available in service model?
10. Define WS-Trust
11. Define WS ?Federation

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12. Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
13. Who are the actors in CDC?
14. Mention the scenarios in CDC?
15. What are the functional requirements of CDC on OGSA?

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Viva-voce

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26 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 06: DEVELOP A GRID PORTAL, WHERE USER CAN SUBMIT
A JOB AND GET THE RESULT, IMPLEMENT IT WITH AND WITHOUT

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GRAM CONCEPT.
Aim:
To develop a Grid portal and implement it with and without GRAM concept
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

Procedure:
Multiple times that the likely user interface to grid applications will be through portals, specifically Web portals. A grid

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portal may be constructed as a Web page interface to provide easy access to grid applications. The Web user
interface provides user authentication, job submission, job monitoring, and results of the job.
Globus Resource Allocation Manager (GRAM)
When a job is submitted by a client, the request is sent to the remote host and handled by a gatekeeper daemon.
The gatekeeper creates a job manager to start and monitor the job. When the job is finished, the job manager

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sends the status information back to the client and terminates.
The GRAM subsystem consists of the following elements:
? The globusrun command and associated APIs Resource Specification Language (RSL)
? The gatekeeper daemon The job manager Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator (DUROC)
Each of these elements are described briefly below.

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The globusrun command
The globusrun command (or its equivalent API) submits a job to a resource within the grid. This command
is typically passed an RSL string (see below) that specifies parameters and other properties required to successfully
launch and run the job

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27 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Resource Specification Language (RSL)
RSL is a language used by clients to specify the job to be run. All job submission requests are described in an RSL

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string that includes information such as the executable file; its parameters; information about redirection of stdin,
stdout, and stderr; and so on. Basically it provides a standard way of specifying all of the information required to
execute a job, independent of the target environment. It is then the responsibility of the job manager on the target
system to parse the information and launch the job in the appropriate way.
The syntax of RSL is very straightforward. Each statement is enclosed within parenthesis. Comments are

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designated with parenthesis and asterisks, for example, (* this is a comment *). Supported attributes include the
following:
rsl_substitution: Defines variables
executable: The script or command to be run
arguments: Information or flags to be passed to the executable

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stdin: Specifies the remote URL and local file used for the executable stdout: Specifies the remote file to place
standard output from the job stderr: Specifies the remote file to place standard error from the job queue: Specifies the
queue to submit the job (requires a scheduler) count: Specifies the number of executions
directory: Specifies the directory to run the job
project: Specifies a project account for the job (requires a scheduler) dryRun: Verifies the RSL string but

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does not run the job
maxMemory: Specifies the maximum amount of memory in MBs required for the job
minMemory: Specifies the minimum amount of memory in MBs required for the job
hostCount: Specifies the number of nodes in a cluster required for the job environment: Specifies environment
variables that are required for the job

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jobType: Specifies the type of job single process, multi-process, mpi, or condor
maxTime: Specifies the maximum execution wall or cpu time for one execution
maxWallTime: Specifies the maximum walltime for one execution maxCpuTime: Specifies the maximum
cpu time for one execution
gramMyjob: Specifies the whether the gram myjob interface starts one process/thread (independent) or more

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(collective)


28 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to develop Grid Portal was successfully executed.


29 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid portal and implement it with and

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without GRAM concept
Application:
? It is useful and necessary for interfaces for the performance of operations on the Grid. The Grid
Portal Development Kit (GPDK) facilitates the development of Grid portals and provides several key
reusable components for accessing various Grid services.

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? A Grid Portal provides a customizable interface allowing scientists to perform a variety of Grid
operations including remote program submission, file staging, and querying of information services
from a single, secure gateway.
? The Grid Portal Development Kit leverages off existing Globus/Grid middleware infrastructure as
well as commodity web technology including Java Server Pages and servlets .

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1) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?
2) What are the major goals of OGSA?

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3) What are the more specific goals of OGSA?
4) What are the main purposes of use case defined by OGSA?
5) Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
6) What are the layers available in OGSA architectural organizations?
7) What are the OGSA basic services?

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8) What are the two aspects involved in GRAM?
9) What are the two kinds of lifecycle model associated with state data recovery?
10) What is a GT3 core?
11) What are the major components of default server side framework?
12) What is Grid container?

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13) What are the two levels of security available in GT3?
14) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?
15) What are the two different message-level authentication mechanisms provided by GT3 framework?
16) What are the most common GT3 security handlers?
Viva-voce

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30 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

INTRODUCTION TO CLOUD COMPUTING

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What is cloud computing?
Cloud computing means that instead of all the computer hardware and software you're using sitting on your
desktop, or somewhere inside your company's network, it's provided for you as a service by another company and
accessed over the Internet, usually in a completely seamless way. Exactly where the hardware and software is

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located and how it all works doesn't matter to you, the user?it's just somewhere up in the nebulous "cloud" that the
Internet represents.
Cloud computing is a buzzword that means different things to different people. For some, it's just another way of
describing IT (information technology) "outsourcing"; others use it to mean any computing service provided over the
Internet or a similar network; and some define it as any bought-in computer service you use that sits outside your

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firewall.
Types of cloud computing
IT people talk about three different kinds of cloud computing, where different services are being provided for you.
Note that there's a certain amount of vagueness about how these things are defined and some overlap between
them.

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? Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) means you're buying access to raw computing hardware over the Net,
such as servers or storage. Since you buy what you need and pay-as-you-go, this is often referred to as
utility computing. Ordinary web hosting is a simple example of IaaS: you pay a monthly subscription or a
per-megabyte/gigabyte fee to have a hosting company serve up files for your website from their servers.
? Software as a Service (SaaS) means you use a complete application running on someone else's system.

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Web-based email and Google Documents are perhaps the best-known examples. Zoho is another well-
known SaaS provider offering a variety of office applications online.
? Platform as a Service (PaaS) means you develop applications using Web-based tools so they run on
systems software and hardware provided by another company. So, for example, you might develop your
own ecommerce website but have the whole thing, including the shopping cart, checkout, and payment

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mechanism running on a merchant's server. App Cloud (from salesforce.com) and the Google App Engine
are examples of PaaS.
Advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing
Advantages
The pros of cloud computing are obvious and compelling. If your business is selling books or repairing shoes,

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why get involved in the nitty gritty of buying and maintaining a complex computer system? If you run an insurance
office, do you really want your sales agents wasting time running anti-virus software, upgrading word-processors, or
worrying about hard-drive crashes? Do you really want them cluttering your expensive computers with their personal

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31 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

emails, illegally shared MP3 files, and naughty YouTube videos?when you could leave that responsibility to
someone else? Cloud computing allows you to buy in only the services you want, when you want them, cutting the
upfront capital costs of computers and peripherals. You avoid equipment going out of date and other familiar IT

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problems like ensuring system security and reliability. You can add extra services (or take them away) at a moment's
notice as your business needs change. It's really quick and easy to add new applications or services to your
business without waiting weeks or months for the new computer (and its software) to arrive.
Drawbacks
Instant convenience comes at a price. Instead of purchasing computers and software, cloud computing means you

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buy services, so one-off, upfront capital costs become ongoing operating costs instead. That might work out much
more expensive in the long-term.
If you're using software as a service (for example, writing a report using an online word processor or sending emails
through webmail), you need a reliable, high-speed, broadband Internet connection functioning the whole time you're
working. That's something we take for granted in countries such as the United States, but it's much more of an issue

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in developing countries or rural areas where broadband is unavailable.
An Introduction to Cloud Computing with OpenNebula
An OpenNebula Private Cloud provides infrastructure users with an elastic platform for fast delivery and scalability of
services to meet dynamic demands of service end-users. Services are hosted in VMs, and then submitted,
monitored and controlled in the Cloud by using Sunstone or any of the OpenNebula interfaces:

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? Command Line Interface (CLI)
? XML-RPC API
? OpenNebulaRuby and Java Cloud APIs
The aim of a Private Cloud is not to expose to the world a cloud interface to sell capacity over the Internet, but to
provide local cloud users and administrators with a flexible and agile private infrastructure to run virtualized service

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workloads within the administrative domain. OpenNebula virtual infrastructure interfaces expose user and
administrator functionality for virtualization, networking, image and physical resource configuration, management,
monitoring and accounting.

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32 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No.1: FIND PROCEDURE TO RUN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE OF
DIFFERENT CONFIGURATION. CHECK HOW MANY VIRTUAL
MACHINES CAN BE UTILIZED AT PARTICULAR TIME.

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Aim:
To Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be
utilized at particular time
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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Creating Virtual Machines
In OpenNebula the Virtual Machines are defined with Template files. The Template Repository system allows
OpenNebula administrators and users to register Virtual Machine definitions in the system, to be instantiated later as
Virtual Machine instances. These Templates can be instantiated several times, and also shared with other users.
Virtual Machine Model

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A Virtual Machine within the OpenNebula system consists of:
? A capacity in terms memory and CPU
? A set of NICs attached to one or more virtual networks
? A set of disk images
? A state file (optional) or recovery file, that contains the memory image of a running VM plus some hypervisor

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specific information.
The above items, plus some additional VM attributes like the OS kernel and context information to be used inside the
VM, are specified in a template file.
Defining a VM in 3 Steps
Virtual Machines are defined in an OpenNebula Template. Templates are stored in a repository to easily browse and

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instantiate VMs from them. To create a new Template you have to define 3 things


33 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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? Capacity & Name, how big will the VM be?
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
NAME Name that the VM will get for description purposes. Yes one-
MEMORY Amount of RAM required for the VM, in Megabytes. Yes
CPU CPU ratio (e..g half a physical CPU is 0.5). Yes

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VCPU Number of virtual cpus. No 1
Disks. Each disk is defined with a DISK attribute. A VM can use three types of disk:
? Use a persistent Image changes to the disk image will persist after the VM is shutdown.
? Use a non-persistent Image images are cloned, changes to the image will be lost.
? Volatile disks are created on the fly on the target host. After the VM is shutdown the disk is disposed.

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Persistent and Clone Disks
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
IMAGE_ID and IMAGE The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes
IMAGE_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No self

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IMAGE_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No self
Volatile
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
TYPE
Type of the disk: swap, fs. swap type will set the label to swap so it is

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easier to mount and the context packages will automatically mount it.
Yes
SIZE size in MB Yes
FORMAT
filesystem for fs images: ext2, ext3, etc. raw will not format the image. For

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VMs to run on vmfs or vmwareshared configurations, the valid values are:
Yes


34 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Attribute Description Mandatory Default
vmdk_thin, vmdk_zeroedthick, vmdk_eagerzeroedthick

Network Interfaces. Each network interface of a VM is defined with the NIC attribute.

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Attribute Description Mandatory Default
NETWORK_ID and NETWORK The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes
NETWORK_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No Self
NETWORK_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No Self

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The following example shows a VM Template file with a couple of disks and a network interface, also a VNC section
was added.
NAME = test-vm
MEMORY = 128
CPU = 1

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DISK = [ IMAGE = "Arch Linux" ]
DISK = [ TYPE = swap,
SIZE = 1024 ]

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NIC = [ NETWORK = "Public", NETWORK_UNAME="oneadmin" ]

GRAPHICS = [
TYPE = "vnc",
LISTEN = "0.0.0.0"]

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Simple templates can be also created using the command line instead of creating a template file. The parameters to
do this for onetemplate are:

Parameter

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Description
--namename Name for the VM
--cpucpu CPU percentage reserved for the VM (1=100% one CPU)

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35 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


Parameter

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Description
--vcpuvcpu Number of virtualized CPUs
--archarch Architecture of the VM, e.g.: i386 or x86_64
--memorymemory Memory ammount given to the VM
--diskdisk0,disk1 Disks to attach. To use a disk owned by other user use user[disk]

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--nicvnet0,vnet1 Networks to attach. To use a network owned by other user use user[network]
--rawstring
Raw string to add to the template. Not to be confused with the RAW attribute. If you want
to provide more than one element, just include an enter inside quotes, instead of using
more than one -raw option

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--vnc Add VNC server to the VM
--ssh[file]
Add an ssh public key to the context. If the file is omited then the user variable
SSH_PUBLIC_KEY will be used.
--net_context Add network contextualization parameters

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--contextline1,line2 * Lines to add to the context section
--bootdevice Select boot device (hd, fd, cdrom or network)
A similar template as the previous example can be created with the following command:
$ onetemplate create --name test-vm --memory 128 --cpu 1 --disk "Arch Linux" --nic Public
Managing Virtual Machines

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Assuming we have a VM Template registered called vm-example with ID 6, then we can instantiate the VM issuing
a:
$ onetemplate list

ID USER GROUP NAME REGTIME

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6 oneadminoneadminvm_example 09/28 06:44:07

$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm

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36 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

VM ID: 0
If the template has USER INPUTSdefined the CLI will prompt the user for these values:
$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm

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There are some parameters that require user input.

* (BLOG_TITLE) Blog Title:
* (DB_PASSWORD) Database Password:

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VM ID: 0
Afterwards, the VM can be listed with the onevmlist command. You can also use the onevmtop command to list VMs
continuously.
$ onevm list

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ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME
0 oneadminoneadminmy_vm pend 0 0K 00 00:00:03
After a Scheduling cycle, the VM will be automatically deployed. But the deployment can also be forced by oneadmin
using onevmdeploy:
$ onehost list

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ID NAME RVM TCPU FCPU ACPU TMEM FMEM AMEM STAT
2 testbed 0 800 800 800 16G 16G16G on
$ onevm deploy 0 2

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$ onevm list

ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME
0 oneadminoneadminmy_vmrunn 0 0K testbed 00 00:02:40

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$ onevm show 0
VIRTUAL MACHINE 0 INFORMATION
ID :0
NAME : my_vm
USER : oneadmin

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GROUP : oneadmin


37 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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STATE : ACTIVE
LCM_STATE : RUNNING
START TIME : 04/14 09:00:24
END TIME : -
DEPLOY ID: : one-0

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PERMISSIONS
OWNER : um-
GROUP : ---
OTHER : ---
VIRTUAL MACHINE MONITORING

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NET_TX : 13.05
NET_RX : 0
USED MEMORY : 512
USED CPU : 0
VIRTUAL MACHINE TEMPLATE

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VIRTUAL MACHINE HISTORY

SEQ HOSTNAME REASON START TIME PTIME

0 testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00

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testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00

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38 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to run virtual machines on different configuration was successfully executed & its utilization time is
checked in various machines.

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39 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find procedure to run the virtual machine of different
Configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
Applications:
? An advantage of virtualizing the workload?s I/O path enables hardware independence by

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abstracting vendor specific drivers to more generalized versions that run on the hypervisor.
? It allows the live migration, which is one of virtualization?s greatest availability strengths
? The sharing of aggregate resources, such as network paths

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1. What is cloud computing?
2. What are the benefits of cloud computing?
3. What are the different data types used in cloud computing?
4. What are the different layers in cloud computing?

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5. What do you mean by software as a service?
6. What is on-demand functionality? How is it provided in cloud computing?
7. What are the platforms used for large scale cloud computing?
8. What are the different models for deployment in cloud computing?
9. What is the difference between cloud computing and mobile computing?

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10. What are the open source cloud computing platform databases?
11. What is the difference between cloud and traditional datacenters?
12. Why API's is used in cloud services?
13. What are the different datacenters in cloud computing?
14. Define API in data virtualization?

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15. List of API in cloud?
Viva-voce


40 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No.02: FIND PROCEDURE TO ATTACH VIRTUAL BLOCK TO
THE VIRTUAL MACHINE AND CHECK WHETHER IT HOLDS THE
DATA EVEN AFTER THE RELEASE OF THE VIRTUAL MACHINE.
Aim:

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To find a procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even after the
release of the virtual machine

Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

Procedure:

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VirtualBox uses a special kernel module called vboxdrv to perform physical memory allocation and to gain control of
the processor for guest system execution. Without this kernel module, you can still use the VirtualBox manager to
configure virtual machines, but they will not start. In addition, there are the network kernel modules vboxnetflt and
vboxnetadp which are required for the more advanced networking features of VirtualBox.
The VirtualBox kernel module is automatically installed on your system when you install VirtualBox. To

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maintain it with future kernel updates, for those Linux distributions which provide it -- most current ones -- we
recommend installing Dynamic Kernel Module Support (DKMS). This framework helps with building and upgrading
kernel modules.
If DKMS is not already installed, execute one of the following:
On an Ubuntu system:

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sudo apt-get install dkms
If DKMS is available and installed, the VirtualBox kernel module should always work automatically, and it will be
automatically rebuilt if your host kernel is updated.
Otherwise, there are only two situations in which you will need to worry about the kernel module:
1. The original installation fails. This probably means that your Linux system is not prepared for building

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external kernel modules.


41 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Most Linux distributions can be set up simply by installing the right packages - normally, these will be the
GNU compiler (GCC), GNU Make (make) and packages containing header files for your kernel - and making
sure that all system updates are installed and that the system is running the most up-to-date kernel included
in the distribution. The version numbers of the header file packages must be the same as that of the kernel
you are using.

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? With Debian and Ubuntu releases, you must install the right version of the linux-headers and if it exists
the linux-kbuild package. Current Ubuntu releases should have the right packages installed by default.
? In even older Debian and Ubuntu releases, you must install the right version of the kernel-headers
package.
? On Fedora and Redhat systems, the package is kernel-devel.

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? On SUSE and openSUSE Linux, you must install the right versions of the kernel-source and kernel-syms
packages.
? If you have built your own kernel, you will need to make sure that you also installed all the required
header and other files for building external modules to the right locations. The details of how to do
this will depend on how you built your kernel, and if you are unsure you should consult the

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documentation which you followed to do so.
2. The kernel of your Linux host was updated and DKMS is not installed. In that case, the kernel module will
need to be reinstalled by executing (as root):
rcvboxdrv setup
Performing the installation

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VirtualBox is available in a number of package formats native to various common Linux distributions. In addition,
there is an alternative generic installer (.run) which should work on most Linux distributions.
Installing VirtualBox from a Debian/Ubuntu package
First, download the appropriate package for your distribution. The following examples assume that you are installing
to a 32-bit Ubuntu Wily system. Use dpkg to install the Debian package:

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sudodpkg -i virtualbox-5.0_5.0.20_Ubuntu_wily_i386.deb
The installer will also try to build kernel modules suitable for the current running kernel. If the build process is not
successful you will be shown a warning and the package will be left unconfigured. Please have a look at /var/log/vbox-
install.log to find out why the compilation failed. You may have to install the appropriate Linux kernel After correcting
any problems, do

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FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice


0 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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College o f Engineering
?

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DEPARTMENT OF
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
VII SEMESTER - R 2013

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Name : ______________________________________
Reg. No. : ______________________________________

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Section : ______________________________________
LABORATORY MANUAL


1 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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DHANALAKSHMI


is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and enterprising

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professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and training.


? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic Excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at different levels

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? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart and
soul

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

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To strive for acquiring, applying and imparting knowledge in Computer Science and Engineering through quality
education and to provide enthusiastic professionals with commitment


? To produce highly competent and globally employable engineers in the field of Computer Science and

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Engineering
? To inculcate human values among the student community and make them realize their commitment to the society
? To exhibit excellence in pursuit of research and innovative products with a zeal to serve the society

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VISION
VISION
MISSION
MISSION

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2 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)
1. Fundamentals

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To provide students with a solid foundation in Mathematics, Science and fundamentals of engineering, enabling
them to apply, to find solutions for engineering problems and use this knowledge to acquire higher education
2. Core Competence
To train the students in Computer science and engineering technologies so that they apply their knowledge and
training to compare, and to analyze various engineering industrial problems to find solutions

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3. Breadth
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice this enables them to
find solutions for the real time problems in industry, and to design products
4. Professionalism
To inculcate professional and effective communication skills, leadership qualities and team spirit in the students

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to make them multi-faceted personalities and develop their ability to relate engineering issues to broader social
context
5. Lifelong Learning/Ethics
To demonstrate and practice ethical and professional responsibilities in the industry and society in the large,
through commitment and lifelong learning needed for successful professional career

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4

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PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)
a) To demonstrate and apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Electronics and Communication Engineering field
b) To design a component, a system or a process to meet the specific needs within the realistic constraints

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such as economics, environment, ethics, health, safety and manufacturability
c) To demonstrate the competency to use software tools for computation, simulation and testing of electronics and
communication engineering circuits
d) To identify, formulate and solve electronic and communication engineering problems
e) To demonstrate an ability to visualize and work on laboratory and multidisciplinary tasks

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f) To function as a member or a leader in multidisciplinary activities
g) To communicate in verbal and written form with fellow engineers and society at large
h) To understand the impact of Electronics and Communication Engineering in the society and demonstrate awareness
of contemporary issues and commitment to give solutions exhibiting social responsibility
i) To demonstrate professional & ethical responsibilities

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j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To participate and succeed in competitive exams

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5 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

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SYLLABUS
Learn the working of ARM processor
Understand the Building Blocks of Embedded Systems
Learn the concept of memory map and memory interface
Know the characteristics of Real Time Systems

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Write programs to interface memory, I/Os with processor
Study the interrupt performance
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
GRID COMPUTING LAB
Use Globus Toolkit or equivalent and do the following:

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1. Develop a new Web Service for Calculator.
2. Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service.
3. Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service.
4. Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs
5. Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus Toolkit.

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6. Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it with and without
GRAM concept.

CLOUD COMPUTING LAB
Use Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent to set up the cloud and demonstrate.

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1. Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines
COURSE OBJECTIVES


6 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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can be utilized at particular time.
2. Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even
after the release of the virtual machine.
3. Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program.

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4. Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other.
5. Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it.
6. Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster.
7. Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE.
8. Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it.

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9. Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits.
? Design and implement applications on the Grid.
? Design and Implement applications on the Cloud.
? Design network objects by applying the networking concepts.
? Create virtualization concept.

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? Design web based applications.
? Apply cloud tools for resource allocation.
? Apply grid tools for network translation.
? Design private cloud using open stack.
COURSE OUTCOMES

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7


CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

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CONTENTS
Sl. No. Name of the Experiment Page No.
CYCLE 1 ? EXPERIMENTS ( GRID COMPUTING)
1
Develop a new Web Service for Calculator 7

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2
Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service 16
3
Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service 19
4

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Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs 22
5
Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus
Toolkit
25

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6
Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it
with and without GRAM concept
27
CYCLE 2 ? EXPERIMENTS (CLOUD COMPUTING)

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1
Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how
many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
34
2

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Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it
holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
36
3 Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program 39
4

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Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to
the other
42
5 Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it 45
6 Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster 47

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7 Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE
ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS
1 Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it 52
2 Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks 55

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8 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO GRID COMPUTING


GRID TECHNOLOGY

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? Flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and
resource
? Grid architecture
? Defined using services and protocols

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? Using the ?sand hourglass? model similar to the TCP/IP protocol stack

"A computational grid is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides dependable, consistent, pervasive and
inexpensive access to high-end computational capabilities."
Grid computing makes it possible to dynamically share and coordinate dispersed, heterogeneous computing

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resources. Flexibility and ubiquity are essential characteristics of Web services technologies such as WSDL (Web
Services Description Language), SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), and UDDI (Universal Description,
Discovery, and Integration).
The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) combines technologies to unlock and exploit grid-attached resources.
OGSA defines mechanisms to create, manage, and exchange information between Grid Services, a special type of

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Web service. The architecture uses WSDL extensively to describe the structure and behavior of a service. Service
descriptions are located and discovered using Web Services Inspection Language (WSIL). By combining elements
from grid computing and Web services technologies, OGSA establishes an extensible and interoperable design and
development framework for Grid Services that includes details for service definition, discovery, and life-cycle
management.

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9 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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GLOBUS TOOLKIT

The Globus Toolkit provides software tools to make it easier to build computational grids and grid-based
applications. The Globus Toolkit is both an open architecture and open source toolkit.

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? The Globus Toolkit is a product of the Globus Alliance (http://www.globus.org)
? It is middleware for developing grids
? The current release is 6.0.
? Four key protocols and APIs
? Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI)

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? Grid Resource Allocation & Mgmt (GRAM)
? Grid Resource Information Protocol (GRIP) and Index Information Protocol (GIIP)
? Grid File Transfer Protocol (GridFTP)
? Implementations on many platforms
? Resources, security systems, data models,

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? Various collective layer protocols & tools
? Info services, replica management, etc.
? A basis for many Grid-enabled tools & apps
FTP, SSH, Condor, SRB, MPI, EDG, GridPort,
GLOBUS TOOLKIT? COMPONENTS

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? Security
? GSI ? Grid Security Infrastructure
? Resource Management
? GRAM ? Grid Resource Allocation Manager
o globusrun

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o RSL
o gatekeeper
o job manager
o DUROC ? Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator
? Information Services

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? MDS ? Monitoring and Discovery Service


10 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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o GRIS ? Grid Resource Information Service
o GIIS ? Grid Index Information Service
o MDS Client
? Data Management
o GridFTP, GASS

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The Globus Toolkit latest version 6.0 includes:
GSI: security
GridFTP: file transfer
GRAM: job execution/resource management
MyProxy: credential repository/certificate authority

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GSI-OpenSSH: GSI secure single sign-on remote shell


11 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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GLOBUS TOOLKIT INSTALLATION PROCEDURE
Step1: For installing Globus Toolkit nothing more easy than download the latest package:
http://toolkit.globus.org/ftppub/gt6/installers/repo/globus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
sudodpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Step2: Update the repositories: sudo apt-get update

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Step3: To install Debian or Ubuntu package, download the globus-toolkit-repo package
from the link above and install it with the command:
root@sysa63:/home/#dpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Do the following for Debian-based systems:
root@sysa63:/home/#apt-get install globus-data-management-client

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12 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 01: DEVELOP A NEW WEB SERVICE FOR CALCULATOR

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Aim:
Develop a Web Service for new Calculator
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Our first web service is an extremely simple Math Web Service, which we'll refer to asMathService. It will
2. allow users to perform the following operations:

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a. Addition
b. Subtraction
3. Furthermore, MathService will have the following resource properties (RPs for short):
a. Value (integer)
b. Last operation performed (string)

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4. We will also add a "Get Value" operation to access the Value RP. Once a new resource is created, the
"value" RP is initialized to zero, and the "last operation" RP is initialized to "NONE". The parameter is
added/subtracted to the "value" RP, and the "last operation" RP is changed to "ADDITION" or
"SUBTRACTION" accordingly. Also, the addition and subtraction operations don't return anything.
5. Writing and deploying a WSRF Web Service is easier than you might think. You just have to follow five

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simple steps.
6. Define the service's interface. This is done with WSDL
7. Implement the service. This is done with Java.
8. Define the deployment parameters. This is done with WSDD and JNDI
9. Compile everything and generate a GAR file. This is done with Ant

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10. Deploy service. This is also done with a GT4 tool

Sample Code:

_instance"

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xmlns ="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"
xmlns:tns="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/examples/core/MathService_instance"
xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsrp="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-
ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.xsd" xmlns:wsrpw="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-

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13 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.wsdl"
xmlns:wsdlpp="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/2004/10/WSDLPreprocessor"

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xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">

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Result:

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Thus the program for developing web service for new calculator was successfully executed.



14 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid by using Web Service for new Calculator

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Applications:
To make a calculator in Windows application using web service


1) What is Web Service?

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2) What are the advantages of web services?
3) What are the different types of web services?
4) What is SOAP?
5) What are the advantages of SOAP web services?
6) What are the disadvantages of SOAP web services?

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7) What is WSDL?
8) What is UDDI?
9) What are RESTful web services?
10) What are the advantages of RESTful web services?
11) What is the difference between SOAP and REST web services?

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12) What is SOA service architecture?
13) What tools are used to deploy web services?
14) What is Web Service architecture?
15) What are the advantages of web services in globus toolkit?
16) What are the different types of web services?

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17) What is SOAP web services?
18) What is UDP and TCP?
19) What is stateless SOA?
20) What is data balancing in WSDL?
Viva-voce

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15 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 02: DEVELOP NEW OGSA-COMPLIANT WEB SERVICE

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Aim:
To develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid Service using .NET language.
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

1. Developed by the Global Grid Forum

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2. Aims to define a common, standard, open architecture for Grid Applications.
3. Defines a set of rules that make up a grid service.
4. Sharing and Coordinated use of diverse resources in Dynamic VO's

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Result:
Thus the program for developing OGSA- Complaint web service was successfully executed.

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16 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid
Service using .NET language
Applications:
? Sharing of information among diverse components of large heterogenous grid systems
? WAN

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1. How would you decide what style of Web Service to use? SOAP WS or REST?
2. Does the service expose data or business logic?

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3. Do consumers and the service providers require a formal contract?
4. Do we need to support multiple data formats?
5. Do we need to make AJAX calls?
6. Is the call synchronous or asynchronous?
7. What level of security is required?

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8. What level of transaction support is required?
9. Do we have limited band width?
10. What tools do you use to test your Web Services?
11. What is the difference between SOA and a Web service?
12. What is a microservice architecture (aka MSA)?

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13. What is data integrity?
14. What is cloud infrastructure?


Viva-voce

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17 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 03: USING APACHE AXIS DEVELOP A GRID SERVICE

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Aim:
To develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Creating the New Level in the Package
2. Edit the Configuration Files

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3. Modify the Service Code
4. Modify the Client
5. Compile and Deploy
6. Starting the Container
7. Compile the Client

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8. Run the Client

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18 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:
Addition was successful
Subtraction was successful

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Multiplication was successful
Division was successful
Current value: 20.

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Result:
Thus the program for Grid Service using Apache Axis was successfully executed.

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19 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Applications:
? To create web service in Java

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? To work with Globus Tool kit standards web service


1. What are the different application integration styles?
2. What is Grid Computing?

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3. What is QOS?
4. What are the derivatives of grid computing?
5. What are the features of data grids?
6. What is load balancing?
7. What is grid infrastructure?

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8. Define ? Distributed Computing.
9. Define ? OSGI.
10. Define ? OSGA.
11. What is the use of API?s in cloud services?
12. What is the difference between cloud and grid?

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13. What is data communication?
14. What are the elements of data communication?

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Viva-voce

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20 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 04: DEVELOP APPLICATIONS USING JAVA OR C/C++ GRID
APIS
Aim:

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To develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
1. Import all the necessary java packages and name the file as GridLayoutDemo.java
2. Set up components to preferred size
3. Add buttons to experiment with Grid Layout
4. Add controls to set up horizontal and vertical gaps

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5. Process the Apply gaps button press
6. Create the GUI
7. Create and set up the window,Set up the content pane and Display the Window
8. Schedule a job for the event dispatch thread
9. Show the application's GUI

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21 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00



Sample Output:

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Figure 1: Horizontal, Left-to-Right Figure 2: Horizontal, Right-to-Left

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Result:
Thus the program to develop an application in java using Grid APIs was successfully executed.

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22 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Applications:
Used for defining a application programme interface for common distributes computing functionality

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1) Describe the two most important advantages of using Distributed/Grid Computing.
2) What is the main function of DNS?
3) Briefly outline two applications of Public Key systems.

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4) Provide one major difference between synchronous and asynchronous communication.
5) Provide one major difference between ASCII and Unicode encodings.
6) Provide two major differences between sequential computing and parallel computing.
7) Write the any three Grid Applications.
8) Give the examples of Hardware service provider.

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9) Give the example of software application ASP.
10) What are grid portals? Give example.
11) What are the high level services including in existing globus tool kit?
12) Name the components available in Nimrod architecture?
13) What are the major objectives of Euro grid project?

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14) What is the application specific work packages identified for the Euro grid?
15) Define dynamic accounting system.

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Viva-voce


23 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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EX.NO. 05: DEVELOP SECURED APPLICATIONS USING BASIC
SECURITY MECHANISMS AVAILABLE IN GLOBUS TOOLKIT.
Aim:
To develop a secured applications using a basic security mechanisms available in Globus toolkit

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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The Globus Toolkit incorporates multiple security components that establish the identity of users or services
(authentication), protect communications, and determine who is allowed to perform what actions (authorization), as
well as manage user credentials.
? GSI C: The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and
certificate management.

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? MyProxy: MyProxy is open source software for managing X.509 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) security
credentials (certificates and private keys).
? GSI-OpenSSH: GSI-OpenSSH is a modified version of OpenSSH that adds support for X.509 proxy
certificate authentication and delegation, providing a single sign-on remote login and file transfer service.
The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and certificate

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management. The authentication API is built using Public KeyInfrastructure (PKI) technologies, e.g. X.509
Certificates and TLS. In addition to authentication it features a delegation mechanism based upon X.509 Proxy
Certificates. Authorization support takes the form of a couple of APIs. The first provides a generic authorization API
that allows callouts to perform access control based on the client's credentials (i.e. the X.509 certificate chain). The
second provides a simple access control list that maps authorized remote entities to local (system) user names. The

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second mechanism also provides callouts that allow third parties to override the default behavior and is currently
used in the Gatekeeper and GridFTP servers. In addition to the above there are various lower level APIs and tools
for managing, discovering and querying certificates.
Components for Grid Security
1. Basic Security Mechanisms

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2. Components for Credential Generation
3. Components for Credential Management


24 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Beyond verifying the identities of users and services, basic Grid security mechanisms leave access control decisions
to services. The Grid community has developed authorization and access control tools for storing and providing
access to system-wide authorization information and for creating a central data store for supporting decentralized
control mechanisms.

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Basic Security Mechanisms
? Pre-Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A non-Web services implementation of the Grid
Security Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI
mechanisms
? Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A Web services implementation of the Grid Security

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Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI mechanisms

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Result:
Thus the program to develop a security application available in Globus toolkit was successfully executed.
Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a secured applications using a basic security
mechanisms available in Globus toolkit

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25 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Applications:
To provide easy acces to best breed open source network security

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1. What are the collective services available in grid computing?
2. What are the basic principles of autonomous computing?
3. What are the four essential characteristics of on demand business?

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4. What are the essential capabilities provided by on demand business?
5. What are the two most important technologies for building semantic webs?
6. Define Peer to Peer computing?
7. What is the combination of Globus GT3 toolkit?
8. What is a GT3 core?

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9. What are the components available in service model?
10. Define WS-Trust
11. Define WS ?Federation
12. Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
13. Who are the actors in CDC?

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14. Mention the scenarios in CDC?
15. What are the functional requirements of CDC on OGSA?

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Viva-voce


26 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 06: DEVELOP A GRID PORTAL, WHERE USER CAN SUBMIT
A JOB AND GET THE RESULT, IMPLEMENT IT WITH AND WITHOUT
GRAM CONCEPT.
Aim:

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To develop a Grid portal and implement it with and without GRAM concept
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
Multiple times that the likely user interface to grid applications will be through portals, specifically Web portals. A grid
portal may be constructed as a Web page interface to provide easy access to grid applications. The Web user
interface provides user authentication, job submission, job monitoring, and results of the job.

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Globus Resource Allocation Manager (GRAM)
When a job is submitted by a client, the request is sent to the remote host and handled by a gatekeeper daemon.
The gatekeeper creates a job manager to start and monitor the job. When the job is finished, the job manager
sends the status information back to the client and terminates.
The GRAM subsystem consists of the following elements:

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? The globusrun command and associated APIs Resource Specification Language (RSL)
? The gatekeeper daemon The job manager Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator (DUROC)
Each of these elements are described briefly below.
The globusrun command
The globusrun command (or its equivalent API) submits a job to a resource within the grid. This command

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is typically passed an RSL string (see below) that specifies parameters and other properties required to successfully
launch and run the job


27 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Resource Specification Language (RSL)
RSL is a language used by clients to specify the job to be run. All job submission requests are described in an RSL
string that includes information such as the executable file; its parameters; information about redirection of stdin,
stdout, and stderr; and so on. Basically it provides a standard way of specifying all of the information required to

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execute a job, independent of the target environment. It is then the responsibility of the job manager on the target
system to parse the information and launch the job in the appropriate way.
The syntax of RSL is very straightforward. Each statement is enclosed within parenthesis. Comments are
designated with parenthesis and asterisks, for example, (* this is a comment *). Supported attributes include the
following:

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rsl_substitution: Defines variables
executable: The script or command to be run
arguments: Information or flags to be passed to the executable
stdin: Specifies the remote URL and local file used for the executable stdout: Specifies the remote file to place
standard output from the job stderr: Specifies the remote file to place standard error from the job queue: Specifies the

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queue to submit the job (requires a scheduler) count: Specifies the number of executions
directory: Specifies the directory to run the job
project: Specifies a project account for the job (requires a scheduler) dryRun: Verifies the RSL string but
does not run the job
maxMemory: Specifies the maximum amount of memory in MBs required for the job

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minMemory: Specifies the minimum amount of memory in MBs required for the job
hostCount: Specifies the number of nodes in a cluster required for the job environment: Specifies environment
variables that are required for the job
jobType: Specifies the type of job single process, multi-process, mpi, or condor
maxTime: Specifies the maximum execution wall or cpu time for one execution

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maxWallTime: Specifies the maximum walltime for one execution maxCpuTime: Specifies the maximum
cpu time for one execution
gramMyjob: Specifies the whether the gram myjob interface starts one process/thread (independent) or more
(collective)

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28 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to develop Grid Portal was successfully executed.

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29 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid portal and implement it with and
without GRAM concept
Application:

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? It is useful and necessary for interfaces for the performance of operations on the Grid. The Grid
Portal Development Kit (GPDK) facilitates the development of Grid portals and provides several key
reusable components for accessing various Grid services.
? A Grid Portal provides a customizable interface allowing scientists to perform a variety of Grid
operations including remote program submission, file staging, and querying of information services

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from a single, secure gateway.
? The Grid Portal Development Kit leverages off existing Globus/Grid middleware infrastructure as
well as commodity web technology including Java Server Pages and servlets .

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1) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?
2) What are the major goals of OGSA?
3) What are the more specific goals of OGSA?
4) What are the main purposes of use case defined by OGSA?

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5) Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
6) What are the layers available in OGSA architectural organizations?
7) What are the OGSA basic services?
8) What are the two aspects involved in GRAM?
9) What are the two kinds of lifecycle model associated with state data recovery?

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10) What is a GT3 core?
11) What are the major components of default server side framework?
12) What is Grid container?
13) What are the two levels of security available in GT3?
14) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?

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15) What are the two different message-level authentication mechanisms provided by GT3 framework?
16) What are the most common GT3 security handlers?
Viva-voce

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30 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

INTRODUCTION TO CLOUD COMPUTING

What is cloud computing?

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Cloud computing means that instead of all the computer hardware and software you're using sitting on your
desktop, or somewhere inside your company's network, it's provided for you as a service by another company and
accessed over the Internet, usually in a completely seamless way. Exactly where the hardware and software is
located and how it all works doesn't matter to you, the user?it's just somewhere up in the nebulous "cloud" that the
Internet represents.

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Cloud computing is a buzzword that means different things to different people. For some, it's just another way of
describing IT (information technology) "outsourcing"; others use it to mean any computing service provided over the
Internet or a similar network; and some define it as any bought-in computer service you use that sits outside your
firewall.
Types of cloud computing

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IT people talk about three different kinds of cloud computing, where different services are being provided for you.
Note that there's a certain amount of vagueness about how these things are defined and some overlap between
them.
? Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) means you're buying access to raw computing hardware over the Net,
such as servers or storage. Since you buy what you need and pay-as-you-go, this is often referred to as

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utility computing. Ordinary web hosting is a simple example of IaaS: you pay a monthly subscription or a
per-megabyte/gigabyte fee to have a hosting company serve up files for your website from their servers.
? Software as a Service (SaaS) means you use a complete application running on someone else's system.
Web-based email and Google Documents are perhaps the best-known examples. Zoho is another well-
known SaaS provider offering a variety of office applications online.

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? Platform as a Service (PaaS) means you develop applications using Web-based tools so they run on
systems software and hardware provided by another company. So, for example, you might develop your
own ecommerce website but have the whole thing, including the shopping cart, checkout, and payment
mechanism running on a merchant's server. App Cloud (from salesforce.com) and the Google App Engine
are examples of PaaS.

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Advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing
Advantages
The pros of cloud computing are obvious and compelling. If your business is selling books or repairing shoes,
why get involved in the nitty gritty of buying and maintaining a complex computer system? If you run an insurance
office, do you really want your sales agents wasting time running anti-virus software, upgrading word-processors, or

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worrying about hard-drive crashes? Do you really want them cluttering your expensive computers with their personal


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emails, illegally shared MP3 files, and naughty YouTube videos?when you could leave that responsibility to
someone else? Cloud computing allows you to buy in only the services you want, when you want them, cutting the
upfront capital costs of computers and peripherals. You avoid equipment going out of date and other familiar IT
problems like ensuring system security and reliability. You can add extra services (or take them away) at a moment's
notice as your business needs change. It's really quick and easy to add new applications or services to your

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business without waiting weeks or months for the new computer (and its software) to arrive.
Drawbacks
Instant convenience comes at a price. Instead of purchasing computers and software, cloud computing means you
buy services, so one-off, upfront capital costs become ongoing operating costs instead. That might work out much
more expensive in the long-term.

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If you're using software as a service (for example, writing a report using an online word processor or sending emails
through webmail), you need a reliable, high-speed, broadband Internet connection functioning the whole time you're
working. That's something we take for granted in countries such as the United States, but it's much more of an issue
in developing countries or rural areas where broadband is unavailable.
An Introduction to Cloud Computing with OpenNebula

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An OpenNebula Private Cloud provides infrastructure users with an elastic platform for fast delivery and scalability of
services to meet dynamic demands of service end-users. Services are hosted in VMs, and then submitted,
monitored and controlled in the Cloud by using Sunstone or any of the OpenNebula interfaces:
? Command Line Interface (CLI)
? XML-RPC API

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? OpenNebulaRuby and Java Cloud APIs
The aim of a Private Cloud is not to expose to the world a cloud interface to sell capacity over the Internet, but to
provide local cloud users and administrators with a flexible and agile private infrastructure to run virtualized service
workloads within the administrative domain. OpenNebula virtual infrastructure interfaces expose user and
administrator functionality for virtualization, networking, image and physical resource configuration, management,

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monitoring and accounting.

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32 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No.1: FIND PROCEDURE TO RUN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE OF
DIFFERENT CONFIGURATION. CHECK HOW MANY VIRTUAL
MACHINES CAN BE UTILIZED AT PARTICULAR TIME.

Aim:

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To Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be
utilized at particular time
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

Creating Virtual Machines
In OpenNebula the Virtual Machines are defined with Template files. The Template Repository system allows

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OpenNebula administrators and users to register Virtual Machine definitions in the system, to be instantiated later as
Virtual Machine instances. These Templates can be instantiated several times, and also shared with other users.
Virtual Machine Model
A Virtual Machine within the OpenNebula system consists of:
? A capacity in terms memory and CPU

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? A set of NICs attached to one or more virtual networks
? A set of disk images
? A state file (optional) or recovery file, that contains the memory image of a running VM plus some hypervisor
specific information.
The above items, plus some additional VM attributes like the OS kernel and context information to be used inside the

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VM, are specified in a template file.
Defining a VM in 3 Steps
Virtual Machines are defined in an OpenNebula Template. Templates are stored in a repository to easily browse and
instantiate VMs from them. To create a new Template you have to define 3 things

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33 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

? Capacity & Name, how big will the VM be?
Attribute Description Mandatory Default

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NAME Name that the VM will get for description purposes. Yes one-
MEMORY Amount of RAM required for the VM, in Megabytes. Yes
CPU CPU ratio (e..g half a physical CPU is 0.5). Yes
VCPU Number of virtual cpus. No 1
Disks. Each disk is defined with a DISK attribute. A VM can use three types of disk:

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? Use a persistent Image changes to the disk image will persist after the VM is shutdown.
? Use a non-persistent Image images are cloned, changes to the image will be lost.
? Volatile disks are created on the fly on the target host. After the VM is shutdown the disk is disposed.

Persistent and Clone Disks

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Attribute Description Mandatory Default
IMAGE_ID and IMAGE The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes
IMAGE_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No self
IMAGE_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No self
Volatile

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Attribute Description Mandatory Default
TYPE
Type of the disk: swap, fs. swap type will set the label to swap so it is
easier to mount and the context packages will automatically mount it.
Yes

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SIZE size in MB Yes
FORMAT
filesystem for fs images: ext2, ext3, etc. raw will not format the image. For
VMs to run on vmfs or vmwareshared configurations, the valid values are:
Yes

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Attribute Description Mandatory Default

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vmdk_thin, vmdk_zeroedthick, vmdk_eagerzeroedthick

Network Interfaces. Each network interface of a VM is defined with the NIC attribute.
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
NETWORK_ID and NETWORK The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes

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NETWORK_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No Self
NETWORK_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No Self

The following example shows a VM Template file with a couple of disks and a network interface, also a VNC section
was added.

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NAME = test-vm
MEMORY = 128
CPU = 1

DISK = [ IMAGE = "Arch Linux" ]

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DISK = [ TYPE = swap,
SIZE = 1024 ]

NIC = [ NETWORK = "Public", NETWORK_UNAME="oneadmin" ]

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GRAPHICS = [
TYPE = "vnc",
LISTEN = "0.0.0.0"]
Simple templates can be also created using the command line instead of creating a template file. The parameters to
do this for onetemplate are:

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Parameter

Description
--namename Name for the VM

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--cpucpu CPU percentage reserved for the VM (1=100% one CPU)


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Parameter

Description
--vcpuvcpu Number of virtualized CPUs

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--archarch Architecture of the VM, e.g.: i386 or x86_64
--memorymemory Memory ammount given to the VM
--diskdisk0,disk1 Disks to attach. To use a disk owned by other user use user[disk]
--nicvnet0,vnet1 Networks to attach. To use a network owned by other user use user[network]
--rawstring

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Raw string to add to the template. Not to be confused with the RAW attribute. If you want
to provide more than one element, just include an enter inside quotes, instead of using
more than one -raw option
--vnc Add VNC server to the VM
--ssh[file]

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Add an ssh public key to the context. If the file is omited then the user variable
SSH_PUBLIC_KEY will be used.
--net_context Add network contextualization parameters
--contextline1,line2 * Lines to add to the context section
--bootdevice Select boot device (hd, fd, cdrom or network)

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A similar template as the previous example can be created with the following command:
$ onetemplate create --name test-vm --memory 128 --cpu 1 --disk "Arch Linux" --nic Public
Managing Virtual Machines
Assuming we have a VM Template registered called vm-example with ID 6, then we can instantiate the VM issuing
a:

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$ onetemplate list

ID USER GROUP NAME REGTIME
6 oneadminoneadminvm_example 09/28 06:44:07

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$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm


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VM ID: 0
If the template has USER INPUTSdefined the CLI will prompt the user for these values:
$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm

There are some parameters that require user input.

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* (BLOG_TITLE) Blog Title:
* (DB_PASSWORD) Database Password:
VM ID: 0
Afterwards, the VM can be listed with the onevmlist command. You can also use the onevmtop command to list VMs

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continuously.
$ onevm list

ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME
0 oneadminoneadminmy_vm pend 0 0K 00 00:00:03

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After a Scheduling cycle, the VM will be automatically deployed. But the deployment can also be forced by oneadmin
using onevmdeploy:
$ onehost list

ID NAME RVM TCPU FCPU ACPU TMEM FMEM AMEM STAT

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2 testbed 0 800 800 800 16G 16G16G on
$ onevm deploy 0 2

$ onevm list

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ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME
0 oneadminoneadminmy_vmrunn 0 0K testbed 00 00:02:40

$ onevm show 0
VIRTUAL MACHINE 0 INFORMATION

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ID :0
NAME : my_vm
USER : oneadmin
GROUP : oneadmin

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STATE : ACTIVE
LCM_STATE : RUNNING

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START TIME : 04/14 09:00:24
END TIME : -
DEPLOY ID: : one-0
PERMISSIONS
OWNER : um-

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GROUP : ---
OTHER : ---
VIRTUAL MACHINE MONITORING
NET_TX : 13.05
NET_RX : 0

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USED MEMORY : 512
USED CPU : 0
VIRTUAL MACHINE TEMPLATE
VIRTUAL MACHINE HISTORY

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SEQ HOSTNAME REASON START TIME PTIME

0 testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00
testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00

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38 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:

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Thus the program to run virtual machines on different configuration was successfully executed & its utilization time is
checked in various machines.


39 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find procedure to run the virtual machine of different

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Configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
Applications:
? An advantage of virtualizing the workload?s I/O path enables hardware independence by
abstracting vendor specific drivers to more generalized versions that run on the hypervisor.
? It allows the live migration, which is one of virtualization?s greatest availability strengths

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? The sharing of aggregate resources, such as network paths



1. What is cloud computing?

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2. What are the benefits of cloud computing?
3. What are the different data types used in cloud computing?
4. What are the different layers in cloud computing?
5. What do you mean by software as a service?
6. What is on-demand functionality? How is it provided in cloud computing?

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7. What are the platforms used for large scale cloud computing?
8. What are the different models for deployment in cloud computing?
9. What is the difference between cloud computing and mobile computing?
10. What are the open source cloud computing platform databases?
11. What is the difference between cloud and traditional datacenters?

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12. Why API's is used in cloud services?
13. What are the different datacenters in cloud computing?
14. Define API in data virtualization?
15. List of API in cloud?
Viva-voce

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40 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No.02: FIND PROCEDURE TO ATTACH VIRTUAL BLOCK TO

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THE VIRTUAL MACHINE AND CHECK WHETHER IT HOLDS THE
DATA EVEN AFTER THE RELEASE OF THE VIRTUAL MACHINE.
Aim:
To find a procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even after the
release of the virtual machine

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos

Procedure:
VirtualBox uses a special kernel module called vboxdrv to perform physical memory allocation and to gain control of
the processor for guest system execution. Without this kernel module, you can still use the VirtualBox manager to

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configure virtual machines, but they will not start. In addition, there are the network kernel modules vboxnetflt and
vboxnetadp which are required for the more advanced networking features of VirtualBox.
The VirtualBox kernel module is automatically installed on your system when you install VirtualBox. To
maintain it with future kernel updates, for those Linux distributions which provide it -- most current ones -- we
recommend installing Dynamic Kernel Module Support (DKMS). This framework helps with building and upgrading

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kernel modules.
If DKMS is not already installed, execute one of the following:
On an Ubuntu system:
sudo apt-get install dkms
If DKMS is available and installed, the VirtualBox kernel module should always work automatically, and it will be

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automatically rebuilt if your host kernel is updated.
Otherwise, there are only two situations in which you will need to worry about the kernel module:
1. The original installation fails. This probably means that your Linux system is not prepared for building
external kernel modules.

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41 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Most Linux distributions can be set up simply by installing the right packages - normally, these will be the
GNU compiler (GCC), GNU Make (make) and packages containing header files for your kernel - and making

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sure that all system updates are installed and that the system is running the most up-to-date kernel included
in the distribution. The version numbers of the header file packages must be the same as that of the kernel
you are using.
? With Debian and Ubuntu releases, you must install the right version of the linux-headers and if it exists
the linux-kbuild package. Current Ubuntu releases should have the right packages installed by default.

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? In even older Debian and Ubuntu releases, you must install the right version of the kernel-headers
package.
? On Fedora and Redhat systems, the package is kernel-devel.
? On SUSE and openSUSE Linux, you must install the right versions of the kernel-source and kernel-syms
packages.

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? If you have built your own kernel, you will need to make sure that you also installed all the required
header and other files for building external modules to the right locations. The details of how to do
this will depend on how you built your kernel, and if you are unsure you should consult the
documentation which you followed to do so.
2. The kernel of your Linux host was updated and DKMS is not installed. In that case, the kernel module will

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need to be reinstalled by executing (as root):
rcvboxdrv setup
Performing the installation
VirtualBox is available in a number of package formats native to various common Linux distributions. In addition,
there is an alternative generic installer (.run) which should work on most Linux distributions.

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Installing VirtualBox from a Debian/Ubuntu package
First, download the appropriate package for your distribution. The following examples assume that you are installing
to a 32-bit Ubuntu Wily system. Use dpkg to install the Debian package:
sudodpkg -i virtualbox-5.0_5.0.20_Ubuntu_wily_i386.deb
The installer will also try to build kernel modules suitable for the current running kernel. If the build process is not

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successful you will be shown a warning and the package will be left unconfigured. Please have a look at /var/log/vbox-
install.log to find out why the compilation failed. You may have to install the appropriate Linux kernel After correcting
any problems, do

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sudorcvboxdrv setup
This will start a second attempt to build the module.
If a suitable kernel module was found in the package or the module was successfully built, the installation script will

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attempt to load that module.
Once VirtualBox has been successfully installed and configured, you can start it by selecting "VirtualBox" in your
start menu or from the command line.
Using the alternative installer (VirtualBox.run)
The alternative installer performs the following steps:

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? It unpacks the application files to the target directory,
/opt/VirtualBox/
which cannot be changed.
? It builds the VirtualBox kernel modules (vboxdrv, vboxnetflt and vboxnetadp) and installs them.
? It creates /sbin/rcvboxdrv, an init script to start the VirtualBox kernel module.

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? It creates a new system group called vboxusers.
? It creates symbolic links in /usr/bin to the a shell script (/opt/VirtualBox/VBox) which does some sanity checks
and dispatches to the actual executables, VirtualBox, VBoxSDL, VBoxVRDP, VBoxHeadless and VBoxManage
? It creates /etc/udev/rules.d/60-vboxdrv.rules, a description file for udev, if that is present, which makes the USB
devices accessible to all users in the vboxusers group.

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? It writes the installation directory to /etc/vbox/vbox.cfg.
The installer must be executed as root with either install or uninstall as the first parameter.
sudo ./VirtualBox.run install
Or if you do not have the "sudo" command available, run the following as root instead:
./VirtualBox.run install

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FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice


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College o f Engineering
?

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DEPARTMENT OF
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
VII SEMESTER - R 2013

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Name : ______________________________________
Reg. No. : ______________________________________

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Section : ______________________________________
LABORATORY MANUAL


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DHANALAKSHMI


is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and enterprising

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professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and training.


? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic Excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at different levels

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? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart and
soul

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

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To strive for acquiring, applying and imparting knowledge in Computer Science and Engineering through quality
education and to provide enthusiastic professionals with commitment


? To produce highly competent and globally employable engineers in the field of Computer Science and

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Engineering
? To inculcate human values among the student community and make them realize their commitment to the society
? To exhibit excellence in pursuit of research and innovative products with a zeal to serve the society

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VISION
VISION
MISSION
MISSION

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PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)
1. Fundamentals

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To provide students with a solid foundation in Mathematics, Science and fundamentals of engineering, enabling
them to apply, to find solutions for engineering problems and use this knowledge to acquire higher education
2. Core Competence
To train the students in Computer science and engineering technologies so that they apply their knowledge and
training to compare, and to analyze various engineering industrial problems to find solutions

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3. Breadth
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice this enables them to
find solutions for the real time problems in industry, and to design products
4. Professionalism
To inculcate professional and effective communication skills, leadership qualities and team spirit in the students

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to make them multi-faceted personalities and develop their ability to relate engineering issues to broader social
context
5. Lifelong Learning/Ethics
To demonstrate and practice ethical and professional responsibilities in the industry and society in the large,
through commitment and lifelong learning needed for successful professional career

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4

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PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)
a) To demonstrate and apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Electronics and Communication Engineering field
b) To design a component, a system or a process to meet the specific needs within the realistic constraints

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such as economics, environment, ethics, health, safety and manufacturability
c) To demonstrate the competency to use software tools for computation, simulation and testing of electronics and
communication engineering circuits
d) To identify, formulate and solve electronic and communication engineering problems
e) To demonstrate an ability to visualize and work on laboratory and multidisciplinary tasks

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f) To function as a member or a leader in multidisciplinary activities
g) To communicate in verbal and written form with fellow engineers and society at large
h) To understand the impact of Electronics and Communication Engineering in the society and demonstrate awareness
of contemporary issues and commitment to give solutions exhibiting social responsibility
i) To demonstrate professional & ethical responsibilities

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j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To participate and succeed in competitive exams

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5 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

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SYLLABUS
Learn the working of ARM processor
Understand the Building Blocks of Embedded Systems
Learn the concept of memory map and memory interface
Know the characteristics of Real Time Systems

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Write programs to interface memory, I/Os with processor
Study the interrupt performance
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
GRID COMPUTING LAB
Use Globus Toolkit or equivalent and do the following:

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1. Develop a new Web Service for Calculator.
2. Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service.
3. Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service.
4. Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs
5. Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus Toolkit.

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6. Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it with and without
GRAM concept.

CLOUD COMPUTING LAB
Use Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent to set up the cloud and demonstrate.

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1. Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines
COURSE OBJECTIVES


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can be utilized at particular time.
2. Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even
after the release of the virtual machine.
3. Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program.

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4. Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other.
5. Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it.
6. Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster.
7. Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE.
8. Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it.

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9. Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits.
? Design and implement applications on the Grid.
? Design and Implement applications on the Cloud.
? Design network objects by applying the networking concepts.
? Create virtualization concept.

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? Design web based applications.
? Apply cloud tools for resource allocation.
? Apply grid tools for network translation.
? Design private cloud using open stack.
COURSE OUTCOMES

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7


CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

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CONTENTS
Sl. No. Name of the Experiment Page No.
CYCLE 1 ? EXPERIMENTS ( GRID COMPUTING)
1
Develop a new Web Service for Calculator 7

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2
Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service 16
3
Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service 19
4

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Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs 22
5
Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus
Toolkit
25

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6
Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it
with and without GRAM concept
27
CYCLE 2 ? EXPERIMENTS (CLOUD COMPUTING)

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1
Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how
many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
34
2

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Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it
holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
36
3 Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program 39
4

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Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to
the other
42
5 Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it 45
6 Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster 47

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7 Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE
ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS
1 Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it 52
2 Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks 55

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8 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO GRID COMPUTING


GRID TECHNOLOGY

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? Flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and
resource
? Grid architecture
? Defined using services and protocols

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? Using the ?sand hourglass? model similar to the TCP/IP protocol stack

"A computational grid is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides dependable, consistent, pervasive and
inexpensive access to high-end computational capabilities."
Grid computing makes it possible to dynamically share and coordinate dispersed, heterogeneous computing

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resources. Flexibility and ubiquity are essential characteristics of Web services technologies such as WSDL (Web
Services Description Language), SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), and UDDI (Universal Description,
Discovery, and Integration).
The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) combines technologies to unlock and exploit grid-attached resources.
OGSA defines mechanisms to create, manage, and exchange information between Grid Services, a special type of

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Web service. The architecture uses WSDL extensively to describe the structure and behavior of a service. Service
descriptions are located and discovered using Web Services Inspection Language (WSIL). By combining elements
from grid computing and Web services technologies, OGSA establishes an extensible and interoperable design and
development framework for Grid Services that includes details for service definition, discovery, and life-cycle
management.

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9 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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GLOBUS TOOLKIT

The Globus Toolkit provides software tools to make it easier to build computational grids and grid-based
applications. The Globus Toolkit is both an open architecture and open source toolkit.

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? The Globus Toolkit is a product of the Globus Alliance (http://www.globus.org)
? It is middleware for developing grids
? The current release is 6.0.
? Four key protocols and APIs
? Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI)

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? Grid Resource Allocation & Mgmt (GRAM)
? Grid Resource Information Protocol (GRIP) and Index Information Protocol (GIIP)
? Grid File Transfer Protocol (GridFTP)
? Implementations on many platforms
? Resources, security systems, data models,

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? Various collective layer protocols & tools
? Info services, replica management, etc.
? A basis for many Grid-enabled tools & apps
FTP, SSH, Condor, SRB, MPI, EDG, GridPort,
GLOBUS TOOLKIT? COMPONENTS

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? Security
? GSI ? Grid Security Infrastructure
? Resource Management
? GRAM ? Grid Resource Allocation Manager
o globusrun

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o RSL
o gatekeeper
o job manager
o DUROC ? Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator
? Information Services

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? MDS ? Monitoring and Discovery Service


10 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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o GRIS ? Grid Resource Information Service
o GIIS ? Grid Index Information Service
o MDS Client
? Data Management
o GridFTP, GASS

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The Globus Toolkit latest version 6.0 includes:
GSI: security
GridFTP: file transfer
GRAM: job execution/resource management
MyProxy: credential repository/certificate authority

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GSI-OpenSSH: GSI secure single sign-on remote shell


11 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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GLOBUS TOOLKIT INSTALLATION PROCEDURE
Step1: For installing Globus Toolkit nothing more easy than download the latest package:
http://toolkit.globus.org/ftppub/gt6/installers/repo/globus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
sudodpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Step2: Update the repositories: sudo apt-get update

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Step3: To install Debian or Ubuntu package, download the globus-toolkit-repo package
from the link above and install it with the command:
root@sysa63:/home/#dpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Do the following for Debian-based systems:
root@sysa63:/home/#apt-get install globus-data-management-client

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12 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 01: DEVELOP A NEW WEB SERVICE FOR CALCULATOR

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Aim:
Develop a Web Service for new Calculator
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Our first web service is an extremely simple Math Web Service, which we'll refer to asMathService. It will
2. allow users to perform the following operations:

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a. Addition
b. Subtraction
3. Furthermore, MathService will have the following resource properties (RPs for short):
a. Value (integer)
b. Last operation performed (string)

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4. We will also add a "Get Value" operation to access the Value RP. Once a new resource is created, the
"value" RP is initialized to zero, and the "last operation" RP is initialized to "NONE". The parameter is
added/subtracted to the "value" RP, and the "last operation" RP is changed to "ADDITION" or
"SUBTRACTION" accordingly. Also, the addition and subtraction operations don't return anything.
5. Writing and deploying a WSRF Web Service is easier than you might think. You just have to follow five

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simple steps.
6. Define the service's interface. This is done with WSDL
7. Implement the service. This is done with Java.
8. Define the deployment parameters. This is done with WSDD and JNDI
9. Compile everything and generate a GAR file. This is done with Ant

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10. Deploy service. This is also done with a GT4 tool

Sample Code:

_instance"

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xmlns ="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"
xmlns:tns="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/examples/core/MathService_instance"
xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsrp="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-
ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.xsd" xmlns:wsrpw="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-

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13 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.wsdl"
xmlns:wsdlpp="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/2004/10/WSDLPreprocessor"

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xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">

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Result:

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Thus the program for developing web service for new calculator was successfully executed.



14 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid by using Web Service for new Calculator

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Applications:
To make a calculator in Windows application using web service


1) What is Web Service?

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2) What are the advantages of web services?
3) What are the different types of web services?
4) What is SOAP?
5) What are the advantages of SOAP web services?
6) What are the disadvantages of SOAP web services?

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7) What is WSDL?
8) What is UDDI?
9) What are RESTful web services?
10) What are the advantages of RESTful web services?
11) What is the difference between SOAP and REST web services?

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12) What is SOA service architecture?
13) What tools are used to deploy web services?
14) What is Web Service architecture?
15) What are the advantages of web services in globus toolkit?
16) What are the different types of web services?

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17) What is SOAP web services?
18) What is UDP and TCP?
19) What is stateless SOA?
20) What is data balancing in WSDL?
Viva-voce

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15 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 02: DEVELOP NEW OGSA-COMPLIANT WEB SERVICE

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Aim:
To develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid Service using .NET language.
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

1. Developed by the Global Grid Forum

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2. Aims to define a common, standard, open architecture for Grid Applications.
3. Defines a set of rules that make up a grid service.
4. Sharing and Coordinated use of diverse resources in Dynamic VO's

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Result:
Thus the program for developing OGSA- Complaint web service was successfully executed.

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16 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid
Service using .NET language
Applications:
? Sharing of information among diverse components of large heterogenous grid systems
? WAN

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1. How would you decide what style of Web Service to use? SOAP WS or REST?
2. Does the service expose data or business logic?

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3. Do consumers and the service providers require a formal contract?
4. Do we need to support multiple data formats?
5. Do we need to make AJAX calls?
6. Is the call synchronous or asynchronous?
7. What level of security is required?

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8. What level of transaction support is required?
9. Do we have limited band width?
10. What tools do you use to test your Web Services?
11. What is the difference between SOA and a Web service?
12. What is a microservice architecture (aka MSA)?

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13. What is data integrity?
14. What is cloud infrastructure?


Viva-voce

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17 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 03: USING APACHE AXIS DEVELOP A GRID SERVICE

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Aim:
To develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Creating the New Level in the Package
2. Edit the Configuration Files

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3. Modify the Service Code
4. Modify the Client
5. Compile and Deploy
6. Starting the Container
7. Compile the Client

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8. Run the Client

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18 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:
Addition was successful
Subtraction was successful

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Multiplication was successful
Division was successful
Current value: 20.

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Result:
Thus the program for Grid Service using Apache Axis was successfully executed.

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19 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Applications:
? To create web service in Java

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? To work with Globus Tool kit standards web service


1. What are the different application integration styles?
2. What is Grid Computing?

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3. What is QOS?
4. What are the derivatives of grid computing?
5. What are the features of data grids?
6. What is load balancing?
7. What is grid infrastructure?

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8. Define ? Distributed Computing.
9. Define ? OSGI.
10. Define ? OSGA.
11. What is the use of API?s in cloud services?
12. What is the difference between cloud and grid?

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13. What is data communication?
14. What are the elements of data communication?

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Viva-voce

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20 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 04: DEVELOP APPLICATIONS USING JAVA OR C/C++ GRID
APIS
Aim:

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To develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
1. Import all the necessary java packages and name the file as GridLayoutDemo.java
2. Set up components to preferred size
3. Add buttons to experiment with Grid Layout
4. Add controls to set up horizontal and vertical gaps

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5. Process the Apply gaps button press
6. Create the GUI
7. Create and set up the window,Set up the content pane and Display the Window
8. Schedule a job for the event dispatch thread
9. Show the application's GUI

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21 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00



Sample Output:

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Figure 1: Horizontal, Left-to-Right Figure 2: Horizontal, Right-to-Left

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Result:
Thus the program to develop an application in java using Grid APIs was successfully executed.

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22 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Applications:
Used for defining a application programme interface for common distributes computing functionality

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1) Describe the two most important advantages of using Distributed/Grid Computing.
2) What is the main function of DNS?
3) Briefly outline two applications of Public Key systems.

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4) Provide one major difference between synchronous and asynchronous communication.
5) Provide one major difference between ASCII and Unicode encodings.
6) Provide two major differences between sequential computing and parallel computing.
7) Write the any three Grid Applications.
8) Give the examples of Hardware service provider.

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9) Give the example of software application ASP.
10) What are grid portals? Give example.
11) What are the high level services including in existing globus tool kit?
12) Name the components available in Nimrod architecture?
13) What are the major objectives of Euro grid project?

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14) What is the application specific work packages identified for the Euro grid?
15) Define dynamic accounting system.

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Viva-voce


23 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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EX.NO. 05: DEVELOP SECURED APPLICATIONS USING BASIC
SECURITY MECHANISMS AVAILABLE IN GLOBUS TOOLKIT.
Aim:
To develop a secured applications using a basic security mechanisms available in Globus toolkit

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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The Globus Toolkit incorporates multiple security components that establish the identity of users or services
(authentication), protect communications, and determine who is allowed to perform what actions (authorization), as
well as manage user credentials.
? GSI C: The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and
certificate management.

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? MyProxy: MyProxy is open source software for managing X.509 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) security
credentials (certificates and private keys).
? GSI-OpenSSH: GSI-OpenSSH is a modified version of OpenSSH that adds support for X.509 proxy
certificate authentication and delegation, providing a single sign-on remote login and file transfer service.
The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and certificate

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management. The authentication API is built using Public KeyInfrastructure (PKI) technologies, e.g. X.509
Certificates and TLS. In addition to authentication it features a delegation mechanism based upon X.509 Proxy
Certificates. Authorization support takes the form of a couple of APIs. The first provides a generic authorization API
that allows callouts to perform access control based on the client's credentials (i.e. the X.509 certificate chain). The
second provides a simple access control list that maps authorized remote entities to local (system) user names. The

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second mechanism also provides callouts that allow third parties to override the default behavior and is currently
used in the Gatekeeper and GridFTP servers. In addition to the above there are various lower level APIs and tools
for managing, discovering and querying certificates.
Components for Grid Security
1. Basic Security Mechanisms

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2. Components for Credential Generation
3. Components for Credential Management


24 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Beyond verifying the identities of users and services, basic Grid security mechanisms leave access control decisions
to services. The Grid community has developed authorization and access control tools for storing and providing
access to system-wide authorization information and for creating a central data store for supporting decentralized
control mechanisms.

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Basic Security Mechanisms
? Pre-Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A non-Web services implementation of the Grid
Security Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI
mechanisms
? Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A Web services implementation of the Grid Security

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Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI mechanisms

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Result:
Thus the program to develop a security application available in Globus toolkit was successfully executed.
Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a secured applications using a basic security
mechanisms available in Globus toolkit

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25 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Applications:
To provide easy acces to best breed open source network security

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1. What are the collective services available in grid computing?
2. What are the basic principles of autonomous computing?
3. What are the four essential characteristics of on demand business?

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4. What are the essential capabilities provided by on demand business?
5. What are the two most important technologies for building semantic webs?
6. Define Peer to Peer computing?
7. What is the combination of Globus GT3 toolkit?
8. What is a GT3 core?

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9. What are the components available in service model?
10. Define WS-Trust
11. Define WS ?Federation
12. Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
13. Who are the actors in CDC?

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14. Mention the scenarios in CDC?
15. What are the functional requirements of CDC on OGSA?

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Viva-voce


26 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 06: DEVELOP A GRID PORTAL, WHERE USER CAN SUBMIT
A JOB AND GET THE RESULT, IMPLEMENT IT WITH AND WITHOUT
GRAM CONCEPT.
Aim:

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To develop a Grid portal and implement it with and without GRAM concept
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
Multiple times that the likely user interface to grid applications will be through portals, specifically Web portals. A grid
portal may be constructed as a Web page interface to provide easy access to grid applications. The Web user
interface provides user authentication, job submission, job monitoring, and results of the job.

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Globus Resource Allocation Manager (GRAM)
When a job is submitted by a client, the request is sent to the remote host and handled by a gatekeeper daemon.
The gatekeeper creates a job manager to start and monitor the job. When the job is finished, the job manager
sends the status information back to the client and terminates.
The GRAM subsystem consists of the following elements:

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? The globusrun command and associated APIs Resource Specification Language (RSL)
? The gatekeeper daemon The job manager Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator (DUROC)
Each of these elements are described briefly below.
The globusrun command
The globusrun command (or its equivalent API) submits a job to a resource within the grid. This command

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is typically passed an RSL string (see below) that specifies parameters and other properties required to successfully
launch and run the job


27 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Resource Specification Language (RSL)
RSL is a language used by clients to specify the job to be run. All job submission requests are described in an RSL
string that includes information such as the executable file; its parameters; information about redirection of stdin,
stdout, and stderr; and so on. Basically it provides a standard way of specifying all of the information required to

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execute a job, independent of the target environment. It is then the responsibility of the job manager on the target
system to parse the information and launch the job in the appropriate way.
The syntax of RSL is very straightforward. Each statement is enclosed within parenthesis. Comments are
designated with parenthesis and asterisks, for example, (* this is a comment *). Supported attributes include the
following:

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rsl_substitution: Defines variables
executable: The script or command to be run
arguments: Information or flags to be passed to the executable
stdin: Specifies the remote URL and local file used for the executable stdout: Specifies the remote file to place
standard output from the job stderr: Specifies the remote file to place standard error from the job queue: Specifies the

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queue to submit the job (requires a scheduler) count: Specifies the number of executions
directory: Specifies the directory to run the job
project: Specifies a project account for the job (requires a scheduler) dryRun: Verifies the RSL string but
does not run the job
maxMemory: Specifies the maximum amount of memory in MBs required for the job

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minMemory: Specifies the minimum amount of memory in MBs required for the job
hostCount: Specifies the number of nodes in a cluster required for the job environment: Specifies environment
variables that are required for the job
jobType: Specifies the type of job single process, multi-process, mpi, or condor
maxTime: Specifies the maximum execution wall or cpu time for one execution

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maxWallTime: Specifies the maximum walltime for one execution maxCpuTime: Specifies the maximum
cpu time for one execution
gramMyjob: Specifies the whether the gram myjob interface starts one process/thread (independent) or more
(collective)

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28 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to develop Grid Portal was successfully executed.

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29 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid portal and implement it with and
without GRAM concept
Application:

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? It is useful and necessary for interfaces for the performance of operations on the Grid. The Grid
Portal Development Kit (GPDK) facilitates the development of Grid portals and provides several key
reusable components for accessing various Grid services.
? A Grid Portal provides a customizable interface allowing scientists to perform a variety of Grid
operations including remote program submission, file staging, and querying of information services

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from a single, secure gateway.
? The Grid Portal Development Kit leverages off existing Globus/Grid middleware infrastructure as
well as commodity web technology including Java Server Pages and servlets .

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1) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?
2) What are the major goals of OGSA?
3) What are the more specific goals of OGSA?
4) What are the main purposes of use case defined by OGSA?

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5) Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
6) What are the layers available in OGSA architectural organizations?
7) What are the OGSA basic services?
8) What are the two aspects involved in GRAM?
9) What are the two kinds of lifecycle model associated with state data recovery?

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10) What is a GT3 core?
11) What are the major components of default server side framework?
12) What is Grid container?
13) What are the two levels of security available in GT3?
14) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?

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15) What are the two different message-level authentication mechanisms provided by GT3 framework?
16) What are the most common GT3 security handlers?
Viva-voce

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30 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

INTRODUCTION TO CLOUD COMPUTING

What is cloud computing?

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Cloud computing means that instead of all the computer hardware and software you're using sitting on your
desktop, or somewhere inside your company's network, it's provided for you as a service by another company and
accessed over the Internet, usually in a completely seamless way. Exactly where the hardware and software is
located and how it all works doesn't matter to you, the user?it's just somewhere up in the nebulous "cloud" that the
Internet represents.

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Cloud computing is a buzzword that means different things to different people. For some, it's just another way of
describing IT (information technology) "outsourcing"; others use it to mean any computing service provided over the
Internet or a similar network; and some define it as any bought-in computer service you use that sits outside your
firewall.
Types of cloud computing

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IT people talk about three different kinds of cloud computing, where different services are being provided for you.
Note that there's a certain amount of vagueness about how these things are defined and some overlap between
them.
? Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) means you're buying access to raw computing hardware over the Net,
such as servers or storage. Since you buy what you need and pay-as-you-go, this is often referred to as

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utility computing. Ordinary web hosting is a simple example of IaaS: you pay a monthly subscription or a
per-megabyte/gigabyte fee to have a hosting company serve up files for your website from their servers.
? Software as a Service (SaaS) means you use a complete application running on someone else's system.
Web-based email and Google Documents are perhaps the best-known examples. Zoho is another well-
known SaaS provider offering a variety of office applications online.

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? Platform as a Service (PaaS) means you develop applications using Web-based tools so they run on
systems software and hardware provided by another company. So, for example, you might develop your
own ecommerce website but have the whole thing, including the shopping cart, checkout, and payment
mechanism running on a merchant's server. App Cloud (from salesforce.com) and the Google App Engine
are examples of PaaS.

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Advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing
Advantages
The pros of cloud computing are obvious and compelling. If your business is selling books or repairing shoes,
why get involved in the nitty gritty of buying and maintaining a complex computer system? If you run an insurance
office, do you really want your sales agents wasting time running anti-virus software, upgrading word-processors, or

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worrying about hard-drive crashes? Do you really want them cluttering your expensive computers with their personal


31 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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emails, illegally shared MP3 files, and naughty YouTube videos?when you could leave that responsibility to
someone else? Cloud computing allows you to buy in only the services you want, when you want them, cutting the
upfront capital costs of computers and peripherals. You avoid equipment going out of date and other familiar IT
problems like ensuring system security and reliability. You can add extra services (or take them away) at a moment's
notice as your business needs change. It's really quick and easy to add new applications or services to your

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business without waiting weeks or months for the new computer (and its software) to arrive.
Drawbacks
Instant convenience comes at a price. Instead of purchasing computers and software, cloud computing means you
buy services, so one-off, upfront capital costs become ongoing operating costs instead. That might work out much
more expensive in the long-term.

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If you're using software as a service (for example, writing a report using an online word processor or sending emails
through webmail), you need a reliable, high-speed, broadband Internet connection functioning the whole time you're
working. That's something we take for granted in countries such as the United States, but it's much more of an issue
in developing countries or rural areas where broadband is unavailable.
An Introduction to Cloud Computing with OpenNebula

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An OpenNebula Private Cloud provides infrastructure users with an elastic platform for fast delivery and scalability of
services to meet dynamic demands of service end-users. Services are hosted in VMs, and then submitted,
monitored and controlled in the Cloud by using Sunstone or any of the OpenNebula interfaces:
? Command Line Interface (CLI)
? XML-RPC API

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? OpenNebulaRuby and Java Cloud APIs
The aim of a Private Cloud is not to expose to the world a cloud interface to sell capacity over the Internet, but to
provide local cloud users and administrators with a flexible and agile private infrastructure to run virtualized service
workloads within the administrative domain. OpenNebula virtual infrastructure interfaces expose user and
administrator functionality for virtualization, networking, image and physical resource configuration, management,

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monitoring and accounting.

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32 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No.1: FIND PROCEDURE TO RUN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE OF
DIFFERENT CONFIGURATION. CHECK HOW MANY VIRTUAL
MACHINES CAN BE UTILIZED AT PARTICULAR TIME.

Aim:

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To Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be
utilized at particular time
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

Creating Virtual Machines
In OpenNebula the Virtual Machines are defined with Template files. The Template Repository system allows

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OpenNebula administrators and users to register Virtual Machine definitions in the system, to be instantiated later as
Virtual Machine instances. These Templates can be instantiated several times, and also shared with other users.
Virtual Machine Model
A Virtual Machine within the OpenNebula system consists of:
? A capacity in terms memory and CPU

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? A set of NICs attached to one or more virtual networks
? A set of disk images
? A state file (optional) or recovery file, that contains the memory image of a running VM plus some hypervisor
specific information.
The above items, plus some additional VM attributes like the OS kernel and context information to be used inside the

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VM, are specified in a template file.
Defining a VM in 3 Steps
Virtual Machines are defined in an OpenNebula Template. Templates are stored in a repository to easily browse and
instantiate VMs from them. To create a new Template you have to define 3 things

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33 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

? Capacity & Name, how big will the VM be?
Attribute Description Mandatory Default

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NAME Name that the VM will get for description purposes. Yes one-
MEMORY Amount of RAM required for the VM, in Megabytes. Yes
CPU CPU ratio (e..g half a physical CPU is 0.5). Yes
VCPU Number of virtual cpus. No 1
Disks. Each disk is defined with a DISK attribute. A VM can use three types of disk:

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? Use a persistent Image changes to the disk image will persist after the VM is shutdown.
? Use a non-persistent Image images are cloned, changes to the image will be lost.
? Volatile disks are created on the fly on the target host. After the VM is shutdown the disk is disposed.

Persistent and Clone Disks

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Attribute Description Mandatory Default
IMAGE_ID and IMAGE The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes
IMAGE_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No self
IMAGE_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No self
Volatile

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Attribute Description Mandatory Default
TYPE
Type of the disk: swap, fs. swap type will set the label to swap so it is
easier to mount and the context packages will automatically mount it.
Yes

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SIZE size in MB Yes
FORMAT
filesystem for fs images: ext2, ext3, etc. raw will not format the image. For
VMs to run on vmfs or vmwareshared configurations, the valid values are:
Yes

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34 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Attribute Description Mandatory Default

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vmdk_thin, vmdk_zeroedthick, vmdk_eagerzeroedthick

Network Interfaces. Each network interface of a VM is defined with the NIC attribute.
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
NETWORK_ID and NETWORK The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes

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NETWORK_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No Self
NETWORK_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No Self

The following example shows a VM Template file with a couple of disks and a network interface, also a VNC section
was added.

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NAME = test-vm
MEMORY = 128
CPU = 1

DISK = [ IMAGE = "Arch Linux" ]

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DISK = [ TYPE = swap,
SIZE = 1024 ]

NIC = [ NETWORK = "Public", NETWORK_UNAME="oneadmin" ]

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GRAPHICS = [
TYPE = "vnc",
LISTEN = "0.0.0.0"]
Simple templates can be also created using the command line instead of creating a template file. The parameters to
do this for onetemplate are:

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Parameter

Description
--namename Name for the VM

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--cpucpu CPU percentage reserved for the VM (1=100% one CPU)


35 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Parameter

Description
--vcpuvcpu Number of virtualized CPUs

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--archarch Architecture of the VM, e.g.: i386 or x86_64
--memorymemory Memory ammount given to the VM
--diskdisk0,disk1 Disks to attach. To use a disk owned by other user use user[disk]
--nicvnet0,vnet1 Networks to attach. To use a network owned by other user use user[network]
--rawstring

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Raw string to add to the template. Not to be confused with the RAW attribute. If you want
to provide more than one element, just include an enter inside quotes, instead of using
more than one -raw option
--vnc Add VNC server to the VM
--ssh[file]

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Add an ssh public key to the context. If the file is omited then the user variable
SSH_PUBLIC_KEY will be used.
--net_context Add network contextualization parameters
--contextline1,line2 * Lines to add to the context section
--bootdevice Select boot device (hd, fd, cdrom or network)

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A similar template as the previous example can be created with the following command:
$ onetemplate create --name test-vm --memory 128 --cpu 1 --disk "Arch Linux" --nic Public
Managing Virtual Machines
Assuming we have a VM Template registered called vm-example with ID 6, then we can instantiate the VM issuing
a:

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$ onetemplate list

ID USER GROUP NAME REGTIME
6 oneadminoneadminvm_example 09/28 06:44:07

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$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm


36 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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VM ID: 0
If the template has USER INPUTSdefined the CLI will prompt the user for these values:
$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm

There are some parameters that require user input.

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* (BLOG_TITLE) Blog Title:
* (DB_PASSWORD) Database Password:
VM ID: 0
Afterwards, the VM can be listed with the onevmlist command. You can also use the onevmtop command to list VMs

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continuously.
$ onevm list

ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME
0 oneadminoneadminmy_vm pend 0 0K 00 00:00:03

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After a Scheduling cycle, the VM will be automatically deployed. But the deployment can also be forced by oneadmin
using onevmdeploy:
$ onehost list

ID NAME RVM TCPU FCPU ACPU TMEM FMEM AMEM STAT

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2 testbed 0 800 800 800 16G 16G16G on
$ onevm deploy 0 2

$ onevm list

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ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME
0 oneadminoneadminmy_vmrunn 0 0K testbed 00 00:02:40

$ onevm show 0
VIRTUAL MACHINE 0 INFORMATION

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ID :0
NAME : my_vm
USER : oneadmin
GROUP : oneadmin

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37 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

STATE : ACTIVE
LCM_STATE : RUNNING

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START TIME : 04/14 09:00:24
END TIME : -
DEPLOY ID: : one-0
PERMISSIONS
OWNER : um-

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GROUP : ---
OTHER : ---
VIRTUAL MACHINE MONITORING
NET_TX : 13.05
NET_RX : 0

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USED MEMORY : 512
USED CPU : 0
VIRTUAL MACHINE TEMPLATE
VIRTUAL MACHINE HISTORY

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SEQ HOSTNAME REASON START TIME PTIME

0 testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00
testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00

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38 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:

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Thus the program to run virtual machines on different configuration was successfully executed & its utilization time is
checked in various machines.


39 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find procedure to run the virtual machine of different

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Configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
Applications:
? An advantage of virtualizing the workload?s I/O path enables hardware independence by
abstracting vendor specific drivers to more generalized versions that run on the hypervisor.
? It allows the live migration, which is one of virtualization?s greatest availability strengths

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? The sharing of aggregate resources, such as network paths



1. What is cloud computing?

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2. What are the benefits of cloud computing?
3. What are the different data types used in cloud computing?
4. What are the different layers in cloud computing?
5. What do you mean by software as a service?
6. What is on-demand functionality? How is it provided in cloud computing?

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7. What are the platforms used for large scale cloud computing?
8. What are the different models for deployment in cloud computing?
9. What is the difference between cloud computing and mobile computing?
10. What are the open source cloud computing platform databases?
11. What is the difference between cloud and traditional datacenters?

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12. Why API's is used in cloud services?
13. What are the different datacenters in cloud computing?
14. Define API in data virtualization?
15. List of API in cloud?
Viva-voce

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40 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No.02: FIND PROCEDURE TO ATTACH VIRTUAL BLOCK TO

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THE VIRTUAL MACHINE AND CHECK WHETHER IT HOLDS THE
DATA EVEN AFTER THE RELEASE OF THE VIRTUAL MACHINE.
Aim:
To find a procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even after the
release of the virtual machine

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos

Procedure:
VirtualBox uses a special kernel module called vboxdrv to perform physical memory allocation and to gain control of
the processor for guest system execution. Without this kernel module, you can still use the VirtualBox manager to

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configure virtual machines, but they will not start. In addition, there are the network kernel modules vboxnetflt and
vboxnetadp which are required for the more advanced networking features of VirtualBox.
The VirtualBox kernel module is automatically installed on your system when you install VirtualBox. To
maintain it with future kernel updates, for those Linux distributions which provide it -- most current ones -- we
recommend installing Dynamic Kernel Module Support (DKMS). This framework helps with building and upgrading

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kernel modules.
If DKMS is not already installed, execute one of the following:
On an Ubuntu system:
sudo apt-get install dkms
If DKMS is available and installed, the VirtualBox kernel module should always work automatically, and it will be

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automatically rebuilt if your host kernel is updated.
Otherwise, there are only two situations in which you will need to worry about the kernel module:
1. The original installation fails. This probably means that your Linux system is not prepared for building
external kernel modules.

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41 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Most Linux distributions can be set up simply by installing the right packages - normally, these will be the
GNU compiler (GCC), GNU Make (make) and packages containing header files for your kernel - and making

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sure that all system updates are installed and that the system is running the most up-to-date kernel included
in the distribution. The version numbers of the header file packages must be the same as that of the kernel
you are using.
? With Debian and Ubuntu releases, you must install the right version of the linux-headers and if it exists
the linux-kbuild package. Current Ubuntu releases should have the right packages installed by default.

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? In even older Debian and Ubuntu releases, you must install the right version of the kernel-headers
package.
? On Fedora and Redhat systems, the package is kernel-devel.
? On SUSE and openSUSE Linux, you must install the right versions of the kernel-source and kernel-syms
packages.

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? If you have built your own kernel, you will need to make sure that you also installed all the required
header and other files for building external modules to the right locations. The details of how to do
this will depend on how you built your kernel, and if you are unsure you should consult the
documentation which you followed to do so.
2. The kernel of your Linux host was updated and DKMS is not installed. In that case, the kernel module will

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need to be reinstalled by executing (as root):
rcvboxdrv setup
Performing the installation
VirtualBox is available in a number of package formats native to various common Linux distributions. In addition,
there is an alternative generic installer (.run) which should work on most Linux distributions.

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Installing VirtualBox from a Debian/Ubuntu package
First, download the appropriate package for your distribution. The following examples assume that you are installing
to a 32-bit Ubuntu Wily system. Use dpkg to install the Debian package:
sudodpkg -i virtualbox-5.0_5.0.20_Ubuntu_wily_i386.deb
The installer will also try to build kernel modules suitable for the current running kernel. If the build process is not

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successful you will be shown a warning and the package will be left unconfigured. Please have a look at /var/log/vbox-
install.log to find out why the compilation failed. You may have to install the appropriate Linux kernel After correcting
any problems, do

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42 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

sudorcvboxdrv setup
This will start a second attempt to build the module.
If a suitable kernel module was found in the package or the module was successfully built, the installation script will

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attempt to load that module.
Once VirtualBox has been successfully installed and configured, you can start it by selecting "VirtualBox" in your
start menu or from the command line.
Using the alternative installer (VirtualBox.run)
The alternative installer performs the following steps:

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? It unpacks the application files to the target directory,
/opt/VirtualBox/
which cannot be changed.
? It builds the VirtualBox kernel modules (vboxdrv, vboxnetflt and vboxnetadp) and installs them.
? It creates /sbin/rcvboxdrv, an init script to start the VirtualBox kernel module.

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? It creates a new system group called vboxusers.
? It creates symbolic links in /usr/bin to the a shell script (/opt/VirtualBox/VBox) which does some sanity checks
and dispatches to the actual executables, VirtualBox, VBoxSDL, VBoxVRDP, VBoxHeadless and VBoxManage
? It creates /etc/udev/rules.d/60-vboxdrv.rules, a description file for udev, if that is present, which makes the USB
devices accessible to all users in the vboxusers group.

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? It writes the installation directory to /etc/vbox/vbox.cfg.
The installer must be executed as root with either install or uninstall as the first parameter.
sudo ./VirtualBox.run install
Or if you do not have the "sudo" command available, run the following as root instead:
./VirtualBox.run install

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43 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

After that you need to put every user which should be able to access USB devices from VirtualBox guests in the

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group vboxusers, either through the GUI user management tools or by running the following command as root:
sudousermod -a -G vboxusers username
Performing a manual installation
If, for any reason, you cannot use the shell script installer described previously, you can also perform a manual
installation. Invoke the installer like this:

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./VirtualBox.run --keep --noexec
This will unpack all the files needed for installation in the directory install under the current directory. The VirtualBox
application files are contained in VirtualBox.tar.bz2 which you can unpack to any directory on your system. For
example:
sudomkdir /opt/VirtualBox

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sudo tar jxf ./install/VirtualBox.tar.bz2 -C /opt/VirtualBox
or as root:
mkdir /opt/VirtualBox
tarjxf ./install/VirtualBox.tar.bz2 -C /opt/VirtualBox
The sources for VirtualBox's kernel module are provided in the src directory. To build the module, change to the

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directory and issuemake
If everything builds correctly, issue the following command to install the module to the appropriate module directory:
sudo make install
In case you do not have sudo, switch the user account to root and performmake install
The VirtualBox kernel module needs a device node to operate. The above make command will tell you how to create

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the device node, depending on your Linux system. The procedure is slightly different for a classical Linux setup with
a /dev directory, a system with the now deprecated devfs and a modern Linux system with udev.
Note that the /dev/vboxdrv kernel module device node must be owned by root:root and must be read/writable only for
the user.Next, you will have to install the system initialization script for the kernel module:
cp /opt/VirtualBox/vboxdrv.sh /sbin/rcvboxdrv

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mkdir /etc/vbox
echo INSTALL_DIR=/opt/VirtualBox> /etc/vbox/vbox.cfg
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

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0 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

College o f Engineering
?

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DEPARTMENT OF
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

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CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
VII SEMESTER - R 2013

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Name : ______________________________________
Reg. No. : ______________________________________
Section : ______________________________________
LABORATORY MANUAL

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1 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

DHANALAKSHMI

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is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and enterprising
professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and training.

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? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic Excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart and
soul

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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

To strive for acquiring, applying and imparting knowledge in Computer Science and Engineering through quality
education and to provide enthusiastic professionals with commitment

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? To produce highly competent and globally employable engineers in the field of Computer Science and
Engineering
? To inculcate human values among the student community and make them realize their commitment to the society
? To exhibit excellence in pursuit of research and innovative products with a zeal to serve the society

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VISION
VISION
MISSION

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MISSION


2 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)
1. Fundamentals
To provide students with a solid foundation in Mathematics, Science and fundamentals of engineering, enabling
them to apply, to find solutions for engineering problems and use this knowledge to acquire higher education
2. Core Competence

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To train the students in Computer science and engineering technologies so that they apply their knowledge and
training to compare, and to analyze various engineering industrial problems to find solutions
3. Breadth
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice this enables them to
find solutions for the real time problems in industry, and to design products

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4. Professionalism
To inculcate professional and effective communication skills, leadership qualities and team spirit in the students
to make them multi-faceted personalities and develop their ability to relate engineering issues to broader social
context
5. Lifelong Learning/Ethics

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To demonstrate and practice ethical and professional responsibilities in the industry and society in the large,
through commitment and lifelong learning needed for successful professional career

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4


PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)
a) To demonstrate and apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in

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Electronics and Communication Engineering field
b) To design a component, a system or a process to meet the specific needs within the realistic constraints
such as economics, environment, ethics, health, safety and manufacturability
c) To demonstrate the competency to use software tools for computation, simulation and testing of electronics and
communication engineering circuits

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d) To identify, formulate and solve electronic and communication engineering problems
e) To demonstrate an ability to visualize and work on laboratory and multidisciplinary tasks
f) To function as a member or a leader in multidisciplinary activities
g) To communicate in verbal and written form with fellow engineers and society at large
h) To understand the impact of Electronics and Communication Engineering in the society and demonstrate awareness

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of contemporary issues and commitment to give solutions exhibiting social responsibility
i) To demonstrate professional & ethical responsibilities
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To participate and succeed in competitive exams

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5 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

SYLLABUS
Learn the working of ARM processor
Understand the Building Blocks of Embedded Systems

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Learn the concept of memory map and memory interface
Know the characteristics of Real Time Systems
Write programs to interface memory, I/Os with processor
Study the interrupt performance
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

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GRID COMPUTING LAB
Use Globus Toolkit or equivalent and do the following:
1. Develop a new Web Service for Calculator.
2. Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service.
3. Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service.

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4. Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs
5. Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus Toolkit.
6. Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it with and without
GRAM concept.

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CLOUD COMPUTING LAB
Use Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent to set up the cloud and demonstrate.
1. Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines
COURSE OBJECTIVES

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6 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

can be utilized at particular time.
2. Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even

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after the release of the virtual machine.
3. Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program.
4. Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other.
5. Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it.
6. Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster.

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7. Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE.
8. Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it.
9. Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits.
? Design and implement applications on the Grid.
? Design and Implement applications on the Cloud.

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? Design network objects by applying the networking concepts.
? Create virtualization concept.
? Design web based applications.
? Apply cloud tools for resource allocation.
? Apply grid tools for network translation.

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? Design private cloud using open stack.
COURSE OUTCOMES

7

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CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
CONTENTS
Sl. No. Name of the Experiment Page No.
CYCLE 1 ? EXPERIMENTS ( GRID COMPUTING)

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1
Develop a new Web Service for Calculator 7
2
Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service 16
3

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Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service 19
4
Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs 22
5
Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus

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Toolkit
25
6
Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it
with and without GRAM concept

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27
CYCLE 2 ? EXPERIMENTS (CLOUD COMPUTING)
1
Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how
many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time

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34
2
Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it
holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
36

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3 Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program 39
4
Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to
the other
42

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5 Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it 45
6 Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster 47
7 Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE
ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS
1 Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it 52

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2 Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks 55

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8 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO GRID COMPUTING

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GRID TECHNOLOGY

? Flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and
resource

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? Grid architecture
? Defined using services and protocols
? Using the ?sand hourglass? model similar to the TCP/IP protocol stack

"A computational grid is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides dependable, consistent, pervasive and

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inexpensive access to high-end computational capabilities."
Grid computing makes it possible to dynamically share and coordinate dispersed, heterogeneous computing
resources. Flexibility and ubiquity are essential characteristics of Web services technologies such as WSDL (Web
Services Description Language), SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), and UDDI (Universal Description,
Discovery, and Integration).

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The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) combines technologies to unlock and exploit grid-attached resources.
OGSA defines mechanisms to create, manage, and exchange information between Grid Services, a special type of
Web service. The architecture uses WSDL extensively to describe the structure and behavior of a service. Service
descriptions are located and discovered using Web Services Inspection Language (WSIL). By combining elements
from grid computing and Web services technologies, OGSA establishes an extensible and interoperable design and

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development framework for Grid Services that includes details for service definition, discovery, and life-cycle
management.


9 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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GLOBUS TOOLKIT

The Globus Toolkit provides software tools to make it easier to build computational grids and grid-based

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applications. The Globus Toolkit is both an open architecture and open source toolkit.

? The Globus Toolkit is a product of the Globus Alliance (http://www.globus.org)
? It is middleware for developing grids
? The current release is 6.0.

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? Four key protocols and APIs
? Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI)
? Grid Resource Allocation & Mgmt (GRAM)
? Grid Resource Information Protocol (GRIP) and Index Information Protocol (GIIP)
? Grid File Transfer Protocol (GridFTP)

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? Implementations on many platforms
? Resources, security systems, data models,
? Various collective layer protocols & tools
? Info services, replica management, etc.
? A basis for many Grid-enabled tools & apps

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FTP, SSH, Condor, SRB, MPI, EDG, GridPort,
GLOBUS TOOLKIT? COMPONENTS
? Security
? GSI ? Grid Security Infrastructure
? Resource Management

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? GRAM ? Grid Resource Allocation Manager
o globusrun
o RSL
o gatekeeper
o job manager

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o DUROC ? Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator
? Information Services
? MDS ? Monitoring and Discovery Service

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10 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

o GRIS ? Grid Resource Information Service
o GIIS ? Grid Index Information Service
o MDS Client

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? Data Management
o GridFTP, GASS
The Globus Toolkit latest version 6.0 includes:
GSI: security
GridFTP: file transfer

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GRAM: job execution/resource management
MyProxy: credential repository/certificate authority
GSI-OpenSSH: GSI secure single sign-on remote shell

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11 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

GLOBUS TOOLKIT INSTALLATION PROCEDURE
Step1: For installing Globus Toolkit nothing more easy than download the latest package:
http://toolkit.globus.org/ftppub/gt6/installers/repo/globus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb

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sudodpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Step2: Update the repositories: sudo apt-get update
Step3: To install Debian or Ubuntu package, download the globus-toolkit-repo package
from the link above and install it with the command:
root@sysa63:/home/#dpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb

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Do the following for Debian-based systems:
root@sysa63:/home/#apt-get install globus-data-management-client

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12 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 01: DEVELOP A NEW WEB SERVICE FOR CALCULATOR

Aim:
Develop a Web Service for new Calculator

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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1. Our first web service is an extremely simple Math Web Service, which we'll refer to asMathService. It will
2. allow users to perform the following operations:
a. Addition
b. Subtraction
3. Furthermore, MathService will have the following resource properties (RPs for short):

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a. Value (integer)
b. Last operation performed (string)
4. We will also add a "Get Value" operation to access the Value RP. Once a new resource is created, the
"value" RP is initialized to zero, and the "last operation" RP is initialized to "NONE". The parameter is
added/subtracted to the "value" RP, and the "last operation" RP is changed to "ADDITION" or

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"SUBTRACTION" accordingly. Also, the addition and subtraction operations don't return anything.
5. Writing and deploying a WSRF Web Service is easier than you might think. You just have to follow five
simple steps.
6. Define the service's interface. This is done with WSDL
7. Implement the service. This is done with Java.

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8. Define the deployment parameters. This is done with WSDD and JNDI
9. Compile everything and generate a GAR file. This is done with Ant
10. Deploy service. This is also done with a GT4 tool

Sample Code:

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_instance"
xmlns ="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"
xmlns:tns="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/examples/core/MathService_instance"
xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsrp="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-

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ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.xsd" xmlns:wsrpw="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-


13 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.wsdl"
xmlns:wsdlpp="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/2004/10/WSDLPreprocessor"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">

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Result:
Thus the program for developing web service for new calculator was successfully executed.

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14 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid by using Web Service for new Calculator
Applications:
To make a calculator in Windows application using web service

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1) What is Web Service?
2) What are the advantages of web services?
3) What are the different types of web services?
4) What is SOAP?

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5) What are the advantages of SOAP web services?
6) What are the disadvantages of SOAP web services?
7) What is WSDL?
8) What is UDDI?
9) What are RESTful web services?

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10) What are the advantages of RESTful web services?
11) What is the difference between SOAP and REST web services?
12) What is SOA service architecture?
13) What tools are used to deploy web services?
14) What is Web Service architecture?

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15) What are the advantages of web services in globus toolkit?
16) What are the different types of web services?
17) What is SOAP web services?
18) What is UDP and TCP?
19) What is stateless SOA?

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20) What is data balancing in WSDL?
Viva-voce


15 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 02: DEVELOP NEW OGSA-COMPLIANT WEB SERVICE

Aim:
To develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid Service using .NET language.

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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1. Developed by the Global Grid Forum
2. Aims to define a common, standard, open architecture for Grid Applications.
3. Defines a set of rules that make up a grid service.
4. Sharing and Coordinated use of diverse resources in Dynamic VO's

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Result:
Thus the program for developing OGSA- Complaint web service was successfully executed.

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16 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid
Service using .NET language
Applications:

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? Sharing of information among diverse components of large heterogenous grid systems
? WAN

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1. How would you decide what style of Web Service to use? SOAP WS or REST?
2. Does the service expose data or business logic?
3. Do consumers and the service providers require a formal contract?
4. Do we need to support multiple data formats?
5. Do we need to make AJAX calls?

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6. Is the call synchronous or asynchronous?
7. What level of security is required?
8. What level of transaction support is required?
9. Do we have limited band width?
10. What tools do you use to test your Web Services?

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11. What is the difference between SOA and a Web service?
12. What is a microservice architecture (aka MSA)?
13. What is data integrity?
14. What is cloud infrastructure?

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Viva-voce


17 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 03: USING APACHE AXIS DEVELOP A GRID SERVICE

Aim:
To develop a Grid service using Apache Axis

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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1. Creating the New Level in the Package
2. Edit the Configuration Files
3. Modify the Service Code
4. Modify the Client
5. Compile and Deploy

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6. Starting the Container
7. Compile the Client
8. Run the Client

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18 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00



Sample Output:

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Addition was successful
Subtraction was successful
Multiplication was successful
Division was successful
Current value: 20.

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Result:
Thus the program for Grid Service using Apache Axis was successfully executed.


19 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid service using Apache Axis

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Applications:
? To create web service in Java
? To work with Globus Tool kit standards web service

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1. What are the different application integration styles?
2. What is Grid Computing?
3. What is QOS?
4. What are the derivatives of grid computing?
5. What are the features of data grids?

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6. What is load balancing?
7. What is grid infrastructure?
8. Define ? Distributed Computing.
9. Define ? OSGI.
10. Define ? OSGA.

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11. What is the use of API?s in cloud services?
12. What is the difference between cloud and grid?
13. What is data communication?
14. What are the elements of data communication?

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Viva-voce

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20 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 04: DEVELOP APPLICATIONS USING JAVA OR C/C++ GRID

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APIS
Aim:
To develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Import all the necessary java packages and name the file as GridLayoutDemo.java
2. Set up components to preferred size

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3. Add buttons to experiment with Grid Layout
4. Add controls to set up horizontal and vertical gaps
5. Process the Apply gaps button press
6. Create the GUI
7. Create and set up the window,Set up the content pane and Display the Window

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8. Schedule a job for the event dispatch thread
9. Show the application's GUI

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21 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:

Figure 1: Horizontal, Left-to-Right Figure 2: Horizontal, Right-to-Left

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Result:

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Thus the program to develop an application in java using Grid APIs was successfully executed.


22 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Applications:

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Used for defining a application programme interface for common distributes computing functionality



1) Describe the two most important advantages of using Distributed/Grid Computing.

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2) What is the main function of DNS?
3) Briefly outline two applications of Public Key systems.
4) Provide one major difference between synchronous and asynchronous communication.
5) Provide one major difference between ASCII and Unicode encodings.
6) Provide two major differences between sequential computing and parallel computing.

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7) Write the any three Grid Applications.
8) Give the examples of Hardware service provider.
9) Give the example of software application ASP.
10) What are grid portals? Give example.
11) What are the high level services including in existing globus tool kit?

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12) Name the components available in Nimrod architecture?
13) What are the major objectives of Euro grid project?
14) What is the application specific work packages identified for the Euro grid?
15) Define dynamic accounting system.

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Viva-voce

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23 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

EX.NO. 05: DEVELOP SECURED APPLICATIONS USING BASIC
SECURITY MECHANISMS AVAILABLE IN GLOBUS TOOLKIT.

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Aim:
To develop a secured applications using a basic security mechanisms available in Globus toolkit
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
The Globus Toolkit incorporates multiple security components that establish the identity of users or services
(authentication), protect communications, and determine who is allowed to perform what actions (authorization), as
well as manage user credentials.

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? GSI C: The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and
certificate management.
? MyProxy: MyProxy is open source software for managing X.509 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) security
credentials (certificates and private keys).
? GSI-OpenSSH: GSI-OpenSSH is a modified version of OpenSSH that adds support for X.509 proxy

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certificate authentication and delegation, providing a single sign-on remote login and file transfer service.
The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and certificate
management. The authentication API is built using Public KeyInfrastructure (PKI) technologies, e.g. X.509
Certificates and TLS. In addition to authentication it features a delegation mechanism based upon X.509 Proxy
Certificates. Authorization support takes the form of a couple of APIs. The first provides a generic authorization API

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that allows callouts to perform access control based on the client's credentials (i.e. the X.509 certificate chain). The
second provides a simple access control list that maps authorized remote entities to local (system) user names. The
second mechanism also provides callouts that allow third parties to override the default behavior and is currently
used in the Gatekeeper and GridFTP servers. In addition to the above there are various lower level APIs and tools
for managing, discovering and querying certificates.

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Components for Grid Security
1. Basic Security Mechanisms
2. Components for Credential Generation
3. Components for Credential Management

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24 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Beyond verifying the identities of users and services, basic Grid security mechanisms leave access control decisions
to services. The Grid community has developed authorization and access control tools for storing and providing

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access to system-wide authorization information and for creating a central data store for supporting decentralized
control mechanisms.
Basic Security Mechanisms
? Pre-Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A non-Web services implementation of the Grid
Security Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI

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mechanisms
? Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A Web services implementation of the Grid Security
Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI mechanisms

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Result:
Thus the program to develop a security application available in Globus toolkit was successfully executed.

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a secured applications using a basic security
mechanisms available in Globus toolkit

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25 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Applications:
To provide easy acces to best breed open source network security


1. What are the collective services available in grid computing?

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2. What are the basic principles of autonomous computing?
3. What are the four essential characteristics of on demand business?
4. What are the essential capabilities provided by on demand business?
5. What are the two most important technologies for building semantic webs?
6. Define Peer to Peer computing?

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7. What is the combination of Globus GT3 toolkit?
8. What is a GT3 core?
9. What are the components available in service model?
10. Define WS-Trust
11. Define WS ?Federation

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12. Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
13. Who are the actors in CDC?
14. Mention the scenarios in CDC?
15. What are the functional requirements of CDC on OGSA?

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Viva-voce

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26 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 06: DEVELOP A GRID PORTAL, WHERE USER CAN SUBMIT
A JOB AND GET THE RESULT, IMPLEMENT IT WITH AND WITHOUT

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GRAM CONCEPT.
Aim:
To develop a Grid portal and implement it with and without GRAM concept
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

Procedure:
Multiple times that the likely user interface to grid applications will be through portals, specifically Web portals. A grid

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portal may be constructed as a Web page interface to provide easy access to grid applications. The Web user
interface provides user authentication, job submission, job monitoring, and results of the job.
Globus Resource Allocation Manager (GRAM)
When a job is submitted by a client, the request is sent to the remote host and handled by a gatekeeper daemon.
The gatekeeper creates a job manager to start and monitor the job. When the job is finished, the job manager

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sends the status information back to the client and terminates.
The GRAM subsystem consists of the following elements:
? The globusrun command and associated APIs Resource Specification Language (RSL)
? The gatekeeper daemon The job manager Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator (DUROC)
Each of these elements are described briefly below.

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The globusrun command
The globusrun command (or its equivalent API) submits a job to a resource within the grid. This command
is typically passed an RSL string (see below) that specifies parameters and other properties required to successfully
launch and run the job

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27 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Resource Specification Language (RSL)
RSL is a language used by clients to specify the job to be run. All job submission requests are described in an RSL

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string that includes information such as the executable file; its parameters; information about redirection of stdin,
stdout, and stderr; and so on. Basically it provides a standard way of specifying all of the information required to
execute a job, independent of the target environment. It is then the responsibility of the job manager on the target
system to parse the information and launch the job in the appropriate way.
The syntax of RSL is very straightforward. Each statement is enclosed within parenthesis. Comments are

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designated with parenthesis and asterisks, for example, (* this is a comment *). Supported attributes include the
following:
rsl_substitution: Defines variables
executable: The script or command to be run
arguments: Information or flags to be passed to the executable

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stdin: Specifies the remote URL and local file used for the executable stdout: Specifies the remote file to place
standard output from the job stderr: Specifies the remote file to place standard error from the job queue: Specifies the
queue to submit the job (requires a scheduler) count: Specifies the number of executions
directory: Specifies the directory to run the job
project: Specifies a project account for the job (requires a scheduler) dryRun: Verifies the RSL string but

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does not run the job
maxMemory: Specifies the maximum amount of memory in MBs required for the job
minMemory: Specifies the minimum amount of memory in MBs required for the job
hostCount: Specifies the number of nodes in a cluster required for the job environment: Specifies environment
variables that are required for the job

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jobType: Specifies the type of job single process, multi-process, mpi, or condor
maxTime: Specifies the maximum execution wall or cpu time for one execution
maxWallTime: Specifies the maximum walltime for one execution maxCpuTime: Specifies the maximum
cpu time for one execution
gramMyjob: Specifies the whether the gram myjob interface starts one process/thread (independent) or more

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(collective)


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Result:
Thus the program to develop Grid Portal was successfully executed.


29 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid portal and implement it with and

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without GRAM concept
Application:
? It is useful and necessary for interfaces for the performance of operations on the Grid. The Grid
Portal Development Kit (GPDK) facilitates the development of Grid portals and provides several key
reusable components for accessing various Grid services.

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? A Grid Portal provides a customizable interface allowing scientists to perform a variety of Grid
operations including remote program submission, file staging, and querying of information services
from a single, secure gateway.
? The Grid Portal Development Kit leverages off existing Globus/Grid middleware infrastructure as
well as commodity web technology including Java Server Pages and servlets .

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1) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?
2) What are the major goals of OGSA?

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3) What are the more specific goals of OGSA?
4) What are the main purposes of use case defined by OGSA?
5) Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
6) What are the layers available in OGSA architectural organizations?
7) What are the OGSA basic services?

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8) What are the two aspects involved in GRAM?
9) What are the two kinds of lifecycle model associated with state data recovery?
10) What is a GT3 core?
11) What are the major components of default server side framework?
12) What is Grid container?

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13) What are the two levels of security available in GT3?
14) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?
15) What are the two different message-level authentication mechanisms provided by GT3 framework?
16) What are the most common GT3 security handlers?
Viva-voce

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30 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

INTRODUCTION TO CLOUD COMPUTING

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What is cloud computing?
Cloud computing means that instead of all the computer hardware and software you're using sitting on your
desktop, or somewhere inside your company's network, it's provided for you as a service by another company and
accessed over the Internet, usually in a completely seamless way. Exactly where the hardware and software is

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located and how it all works doesn't matter to you, the user?it's just somewhere up in the nebulous "cloud" that the
Internet represents.
Cloud computing is a buzzword that means different things to different people. For some, it's just another way of
describing IT (information technology) "outsourcing"; others use it to mean any computing service provided over the
Internet or a similar network; and some define it as any bought-in computer service you use that sits outside your

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firewall.
Types of cloud computing
IT people talk about three different kinds of cloud computing, where different services are being provided for you.
Note that there's a certain amount of vagueness about how these things are defined and some overlap between
them.

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? Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) means you're buying access to raw computing hardware over the Net,
such as servers or storage. Since you buy what you need and pay-as-you-go, this is often referred to as
utility computing. Ordinary web hosting is a simple example of IaaS: you pay a monthly subscription or a
per-megabyte/gigabyte fee to have a hosting company serve up files for your website from their servers.
? Software as a Service (SaaS) means you use a complete application running on someone else's system.

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Web-based email and Google Documents are perhaps the best-known examples. Zoho is another well-
known SaaS provider offering a variety of office applications online.
? Platform as a Service (PaaS) means you develop applications using Web-based tools so they run on
systems software and hardware provided by another company. So, for example, you might develop your
own ecommerce website but have the whole thing, including the shopping cart, checkout, and payment

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mechanism running on a merchant's server. App Cloud (from salesforce.com) and the Google App Engine
are examples of PaaS.
Advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing
Advantages
The pros of cloud computing are obvious and compelling. If your business is selling books or repairing shoes,

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why get involved in the nitty gritty of buying and maintaining a complex computer system? If you run an insurance
office, do you really want your sales agents wasting time running anti-virus software, upgrading word-processors, or
worrying about hard-drive crashes? Do you really want them cluttering your expensive computers with their personal

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emails, illegally shared MP3 files, and naughty YouTube videos?when you could leave that responsibility to
someone else? Cloud computing allows you to buy in only the services you want, when you want them, cutting the
upfront capital costs of computers and peripherals. You avoid equipment going out of date and other familiar IT

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problems like ensuring system security and reliability. You can add extra services (or take them away) at a moment's
notice as your business needs change. It's really quick and easy to add new applications or services to your
business without waiting weeks or months for the new computer (and its software) to arrive.
Drawbacks
Instant convenience comes at a price. Instead of purchasing computers and software, cloud computing means you

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buy services, so one-off, upfront capital costs become ongoing operating costs instead. That might work out much
more expensive in the long-term.
If you're using software as a service (for example, writing a report using an online word processor or sending emails
through webmail), you need a reliable, high-speed, broadband Internet connection functioning the whole time you're
working. That's something we take for granted in countries such as the United States, but it's much more of an issue

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in developing countries or rural areas where broadband is unavailable.
An Introduction to Cloud Computing with OpenNebula
An OpenNebula Private Cloud provides infrastructure users with an elastic platform for fast delivery and scalability of
services to meet dynamic demands of service end-users. Services are hosted in VMs, and then submitted,
monitored and controlled in the Cloud by using Sunstone or any of the OpenNebula interfaces:

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? Command Line Interface (CLI)
? XML-RPC API
? OpenNebulaRuby and Java Cloud APIs
The aim of a Private Cloud is not to expose to the world a cloud interface to sell capacity over the Internet, but to
provide local cloud users and administrators with a flexible and agile private infrastructure to run virtualized service

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workloads within the administrative domain. OpenNebula virtual infrastructure interfaces expose user and
administrator functionality for virtualization, networking, image and physical resource configuration, management,
monitoring and accounting.

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32 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No.1: FIND PROCEDURE TO RUN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE OF
DIFFERENT CONFIGURATION. CHECK HOW MANY VIRTUAL
MACHINES CAN BE UTILIZED AT PARTICULAR TIME.

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Aim:
To Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be
utilized at particular time
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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Creating Virtual Machines
In OpenNebula the Virtual Machines are defined with Template files. The Template Repository system allows
OpenNebula administrators and users to register Virtual Machine definitions in the system, to be instantiated later as
Virtual Machine instances. These Templates can be instantiated several times, and also shared with other users.
Virtual Machine Model

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A Virtual Machine within the OpenNebula system consists of:
? A capacity in terms memory and CPU
? A set of NICs attached to one or more virtual networks
? A set of disk images
? A state file (optional) or recovery file, that contains the memory image of a running VM plus some hypervisor

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specific information.
The above items, plus some additional VM attributes like the OS kernel and context information to be used inside the
VM, are specified in a template file.
Defining a VM in 3 Steps
Virtual Machines are defined in an OpenNebula Template. Templates are stored in a repository to easily browse and

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instantiate VMs from them. To create a new Template you have to define 3 things


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? Capacity & Name, how big will the VM be?
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
NAME Name that the VM will get for description purposes. Yes one-
MEMORY Amount of RAM required for the VM, in Megabytes. Yes
CPU CPU ratio (e..g half a physical CPU is 0.5). Yes

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VCPU Number of virtual cpus. No 1
Disks. Each disk is defined with a DISK attribute. A VM can use three types of disk:
? Use a persistent Image changes to the disk image will persist after the VM is shutdown.
? Use a non-persistent Image images are cloned, changes to the image will be lost.
? Volatile disks are created on the fly on the target host. After the VM is shutdown the disk is disposed.

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Persistent and Clone Disks
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
IMAGE_ID and IMAGE The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes
IMAGE_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No self

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IMAGE_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No self
Volatile
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
TYPE
Type of the disk: swap, fs. swap type will set the label to swap so it is

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easier to mount and the context packages will automatically mount it.
Yes
SIZE size in MB Yes
FORMAT
filesystem for fs images: ext2, ext3, etc. raw will not format the image. For

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VMs to run on vmfs or vmwareshared configurations, the valid values are:
Yes


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Attribute Description Mandatory Default
vmdk_thin, vmdk_zeroedthick, vmdk_eagerzeroedthick

Network Interfaces. Each network interface of a VM is defined with the NIC attribute.

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Attribute Description Mandatory Default
NETWORK_ID and NETWORK The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes
NETWORK_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No Self
NETWORK_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No Self

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The following example shows a VM Template file with a couple of disks and a network interface, also a VNC section
was added.
NAME = test-vm
MEMORY = 128
CPU = 1

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DISK = [ IMAGE = "Arch Linux" ]
DISK = [ TYPE = swap,
SIZE = 1024 ]

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NIC = [ NETWORK = "Public", NETWORK_UNAME="oneadmin" ]

GRAPHICS = [
TYPE = "vnc",
LISTEN = "0.0.0.0"]

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Simple templates can be also created using the command line instead of creating a template file. The parameters to
do this for onetemplate are:

Parameter

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Description
--namename Name for the VM
--cpucpu CPU percentage reserved for the VM (1=100% one CPU)

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35 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


Parameter

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Description
--vcpuvcpu Number of virtualized CPUs
--archarch Architecture of the VM, e.g.: i386 or x86_64
--memorymemory Memory ammount given to the VM
--diskdisk0,disk1 Disks to attach. To use a disk owned by other user use user[disk]

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--nicvnet0,vnet1 Networks to attach. To use a network owned by other user use user[network]
--rawstring
Raw string to add to the template. Not to be confused with the RAW attribute. If you want
to provide more than one element, just include an enter inside quotes, instead of using
more than one -raw option

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--vnc Add VNC server to the VM
--ssh[file]
Add an ssh public key to the context. If the file is omited then the user variable
SSH_PUBLIC_KEY will be used.
--net_context Add network contextualization parameters

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--contextline1,line2 * Lines to add to the context section
--bootdevice Select boot device (hd, fd, cdrom or network)
A similar template as the previous example can be created with the following command:
$ onetemplate create --name test-vm --memory 128 --cpu 1 --disk "Arch Linux" --nic Public
Managing Virtual Machines

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Assuming we have a VM Template registered called vm-example with ID 6, then we can instantiate the VM issuing
a:
$ onetemplate list

ID USER GROUP NAME REGTIME

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6 oneadminoneadminvm_example 09/28 06:44:07

$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm

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VM ID: 0
If the template has USER INPUTSdefined the CLI will prompt the user for these values:
$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm

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There are some parameters that require user input.

* (BLOG_TITLE) Blog Title:
* (DB_PASSWORD) Database Password:

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VM ID: 0
Afterwards, the VM can be listed with the onevmlist command. You can also use the onevmtop command to list VMs
continuously.
$ onevm list

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ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME
0 oneadminoneadminmy_vm pend 0 0K 00 00:00:03
After a Scheduling cycle, the VM will be automatically deployed. But the deployment can also be forced by oneadmin
using onevmdeploy:
$ onehost list

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ID NAME RVM TCPU FCPU ACPU TMEM FMEM AMEM STAT
2 testbed 0 800 800 800 16G 16G16G on
$ onevm deploy 0 2

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$ onevm list

ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME
0 oneadminoneadminmy_vmrunn 0 0K testbed 00 00:02:40

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$ onevm show 0
VIRTUAL MACHINE 0 INFORMATION
ID :0
NAME : my_vm
USER : oneadmin

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GROUP : oneadmin


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STATE : ACTIVE
LCM_STATE : RUNNING
START TIME : 04/14 09:00:24
END TIME : -
DEPLOY ID: : one-0

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PERMISSIONS
OWNER : um-
GROUP : ---
OTHER : ---
VIRTUAL MACHINE MONITORING

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NET_TX : 13.05
NET_RX : 0
USED MEMORY : 512
USED CPU : 0
VIRTUAL MACHINE TEMPLATE

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VIRTUAL MACHINE HISTORY

SEQ HOSTNAME REASON START TIME PTIME

0 testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00

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testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00

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38 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to run virtual machines on different configuration was successfully executed & its utilization time is
checked in various machines.

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39 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find procedure to run the virtual machine of different
Configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
Applications:
? An advantage of virtualizing the workload?s I/O path enables hardware independence by

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abstracting vendor specific drivers to more generalized versions that run on the hypervisor.
? It allows the live migration, which is one of virtualization?s greatest availability strengths
? The sharing of aggregate resources, such as network paths

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1. What is cloud computing?
2. What are the benefits of cloud computing?
3. What are the different data types used in cloud computing?
4. What are the different layers in cloud computing?

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5. What do you mean by software as a service?
6. What is on-demand functionality? How is it provided in cloud computing?
7. What are the platforms used for large scale cloud computing?
8. What are the different models for deployment in cloud computing?
9. What is the difference between cloud computing and mobile computing?

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10. What are the open source cloud computing platform databases?
11. What is the difference between cloud and traditional datacenters?
12. Why API's is used in cloud services?
13. What are the different datacenters in cloud computing?
14. Define API in data virtualization?

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15. List of API in cloud?
Viva-voce


40 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No.02: FIND PROCEDURE TO ATTACH VIRTUAL BLOCK TO
THE VIRTUAL MACHINE AND CHECK WHETHER IT HOLDS THE
DATA EVEN AFTER THE RELEASE OF THE VIRTUAL MACHINE.
Aim:

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To find a procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even after the
release of the virtual machine

Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

Procedure:

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VirtualBox uses a special kernel module called vboxdrv to perform physical memory allocation and to gain control of
the processor for guest system execution. Without this kernel module, you can still use the VirtualBox manager to
configure virtual machines, but they will not start. In addition, there are the network kernel modules vboxnetflt and
vboxnetadp which are required for the more advanced networking features of VirtualBox.
The VirtualBox kernel module is automatically installed on your system when you install VirtualBox. To

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maintain it with future kernel updates, for those Linux distributions which provide it -- most current ones -- we
recommend installing Dynamic Kernel Module Support (DKMS). This framework helps with building and upgrading
kernel modules.
If DKMS is not already installed, execute one of the following:
On an Ubuntu system:

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sudo apt-get install dkms
If DKMS is available and installed, the VirtualBox kernel module should always work automatically, and it will be
automatically rebuilt if your host kernel is updated.
Otherwise, there are only two situations in which you will need to worry about the kernel module:
1. The original installation fails. This probably means that your Linux system is not prepared for building

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external kernel modules.


41 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Most Linux distributions can be set up simply by installing the right packages - normally, these will be the
GNU compiler (GCC), GNU Make (make) and packages containing header files for your kernel - and making
sure that all system updates are installed and that the system is running the most up-to-date kernel included
in the distribution. The version numbers of the header file packages must be the same as that of the kernel
you are using.

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? With Debian and Ubuntu releases, you must install the right version of the linux-headers and if it exists
the linux-kbuild package. Current Ubuntu releases should have the right packages installed by default.
? In even older Debian and Ubuntu releases, you must install the right version of the kernel-headers
package.
? On Fedora and Redhat systems, the package is kernel-devel.

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? On SUSE and openSUSE Linux, you must install the right versions of the kernel-source and kernel-syms
packages.
? If you have built your own kernel, you will need to make sure that you also installed all the required
header and other files for building external modules to the right locations. The details of how to do
this will depend on how you built your kernel, and if you are unsure you should consult the

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documentation which you followed to do so.
2. The kernel of your Linux host was updated and DKMS is not installed. In that case, the kernel module will
need to be reinstalled by executing (as root):
rcvboxdrv setup
Performing the installation

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VirtualBox is available in a number of package formats native to various common Linux distributions. In addition,
there is an alternative generic installer (.run) which should work on most Linux distributions.
Installing VirtualBox from a Debian/Ubuntu package
First, download the appropriate package for your distribution. The following examples assume that you are installing
to a 32-bit Ubuntu Wily system. Use dpkg to install the Debian package:

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sudodpkg -i virtualbox-5.0_5.0.20_Ubuntu_wily_i386.deb
The installer will also try to build kernel modules suitable for the current running kernel. If the build process is not
successful you will be shown a warning and the package will be left unconfigured. Please have a look at /var/log/vbox-
install.log to find out why the compilation failed. You may have to install the appropriate Linux kernel After correcting
any problems, do

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sudorcvboxdrv setup

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This will start a second attempt to build the module.
If a suitable kernel module was found in the package or the module was successfully built, the installation script will
attempt to load that module.
Once VirtualBox has been successfully installed and configured, you can start it by selecting "VirtualBox" in your
start menu or from the command line.

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Using the alternative installer (VirtualBox.run)
The alternative installer performs the following steps:
? It unpacks the application files to the target directory,
/opt/VirtualBox/
which cannot be changed.

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? It builds the VirtualBox kernel modules (vboxdrv, vboxnetflt and vboxnetadp) and installs them.
? It creates /sbin/rcvboxdrv, an init script to start the VirtualBox kernel module.
? It creates a new system group called vboxusers.
? It creates symbolic links in /usr/bin to the a shell script (/opt/VirtualBox/VBox) which does some sanity checks
and dispatches to the actual executables, VirtualBox, VBoxSDL, VBoxVRDP, VBoxHeadless and VBoxManage

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? It creates /etc/udev/rules.d/60-vboxdrv.rules, a description file for udev, if that is present, which makes the USB
devices accessible to all users in the vboxusers group.
? It writes the installation directory to /etc/vbox/vbox.cfg.
The installer must be executed as root with either install or uninstall as the first parameter.
sudo ./VirtualBox.run install

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Or if you do not have the "sudo" command available, run the following as root instead:
./VirtualBox.run install


43 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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After that you need to put every user which should be able to access USB devices from VirtualBox guests in the
group vboxusers, either through the GUI user management tools or by running the following command as root:
sudousermod -a -G vboxusers username
Performing a manual installation

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If, for any reason, you cannot use the shell script installer described previously, you can also perform a manual
installation. Invoke the installer like this:
./VirtualBox.run --keep --noexec
This will unpack all the files needed for installation in the directory install under the current directory. The VirtualBox
application files are contained in VirtualBox.tar.bz2 which you can unpack to any directory on your system. For

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example:
sudomkdir /opt/VirtualBox
sudo tar jxf ./install/VirtualBox.tar.bz2 -C /opt/VirtualBox
or as root:
mkdir /opt/VirtualBox

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tarjxf ./install/VirtualBox.tar.bz2 -C /opt/VirtualBox
The sources for VirtualBox's kernel module are provided in the src directory. To build the module, change to the
directory and issuemake
If everything builds correctly, issue the following command to install the module to the appropriate module directory:
sudo make install

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In case you do not have sudo, switch the user account to root and performmake install
The VirtualBox kernel module needs a device node to operate. The above make command will tell you how to create
the device node, depending on your Linux system. The procedure is slightly different for a classical Linux setup with
a /dev directory, a system with the now deprecated devfs and a modern Linux system with udev.
Note that the /dev/vboxdrv kernel module device node must be owned by root:root and must be read/writable only for

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the user.Next, you will have to install the system initialization script for the kernel module:
cp /opt/VirtualBox/vboxdrv.sh /sbin/rcvboxdrv
mkdir /etc/vbox
echo INSTALL_DIR=/opt/VirtualBox> /etc/vbox/vbox.cfg

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and, for convenience, create the following symbolic links:
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VirtualBox

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ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxManage
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxHeadless
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxSDL

Sample Output:

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Result:
Thus the program to attach virtual block to virtual machine was successfully executed & checked whether it holds the
data after the release of the virtual machine.
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

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0 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

College o f Engineering
?

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DEPARTMENT OF
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

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CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
VII SEMESTER - R 2013

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Name : ______________________________________
Reg. No. : ______________________________________
Section : ______________________________________
LABORATORY MANUAL

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1 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

DHANALAKSHMI

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is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and enterprising
professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and training.

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? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic Excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart and
soul

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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

To strive for acquiring, applying and imparting knowledge in Computer Science and Engineering through quality
education and to provide enthusiastic professionals with commitment

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? To produce highly competent and globally employable engineers in the field of Computer Science and
Engineering
? To inculcate human values among the student community and make them realize their commitment to the society

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? To exhibit excellence in pursuit of research and innovative products with a zeal to serve the society


VISION
VISION

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MISSION
MISSION


2 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)
1. Fundamentals
To provide students with a solid foundation in Mathematics, Science and fundamentals of engineering, enabling
them to apply, to find solutions for engineering problems and use this knowledge to acquire higher education

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2. Core Competence
To train the students in Computer science and engineering technologies so that they apply their knowledge and
training to compare, and to analyze various engineering industrial problems to find solutions
3. Breadth
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice this enables them to

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find solutions for the real time problems in industry, and to design products
4. Professionalism
To inculcate professional and effective communication skills, leadership qualities and team spirit in the students
to make them multi-faceted personalities and develop their ability to relate engineering issues to broader social
context

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5. Lifelong Learning/Ethics
To demonstrate and practice ethical and professional responsibilities in the industry and society in the large,
through commitment and lifelong learning needed for successful professional career

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4


PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)

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a) To demonstrate and apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Electronics and Communication Engineering field
b) To design a component, a system or a process to meet the specific needs within the realistic constraints
such as economics, environment, ethics, health, safety and manufacturability
c) To demonstrate the competency to use software tools for computation, simulation and testing of electronics and

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communication engineering circuits
d) To identify, formulate and solve electronic and communication engineering problems
e) To demonstrate an ability to visualize and work on laboratory and multidisciplinary tasks
f) To function as a member or a leader in multidisciplinary activities
g) To communicate in verbal and written form with fellow engineers and society at large

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h) To understand the impact of Electronics and Communication Engineering in the society and demonstrate awareness
of contemporary issues and commitment to give solutions exhibiting social responsibility
i) To demonstrate professional & ethical responsibilities
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To participate and succeed in competitive exams

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5 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

SYLLABUS
Learn the working of ARM processor

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Understand the Building Blocks of Embedded Systems
Learn the concept of memory map and memory interface
Know the characteristics of Real Time Systems
Write programs to interface memory, I/Os with processor
Study the interrupt performance

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LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
GRID COMPUTING LAB
Use Globus Toolkit or equivalent and do the following:
1. Develop a new Web Service for Calculator.
2. Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service.

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3. Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service.
4. Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs
5. Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus Toolkit.
6. Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it with and without
GRAM concept.

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CLOUD COMPUTING LAB
Use Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent to set up the cloud and demonstrate.
1. Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines
COURSE OBJECTIVES

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6 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

can be utilized at particular time.

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2. Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even
after the release of the virtual machine.
3. Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program.
4. Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other.
5. Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it.

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6. Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster.
7. Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE.
8. Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it.
9. Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits.
? Design and implement applications on the Grid.

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? Design and Implement applications on the Cloud.
? Design network objects by applying the networking concepts.
? Create virtualization concept.
? Design web based applications.
? Apply cloud tools for resource allocation.

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? Apply grid tools for network translation.
? Design private cloud using open stack.
COURSE OUTCOMES

7

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CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
CONTENTS
Sl. No. Name of the Experiment Page No.

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CYCLE 1 ? EXPERIMENTS ( GRID COMPUTING)
1
Develop a new Web Service for Calculator 7
2
Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service 16

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3
Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service 19
4
Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs 22
5

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Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus
Toolkit
25
6
Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it

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with and without GRAM concept
27
CYCLE 2 ? EXPERIMENTS (CLOUD COMPUTING)
1
Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how

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many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
34
2
Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it
holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine

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36
3 Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program 39
4
Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to
the other

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42
5 Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it 45
6 Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster 47
7 Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE
ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS

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1 Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it 52
2 Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks 55

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8 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO GRID COMPUTING

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GRID TECHNOLOGY

? Flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and

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resource
? Grid architecture
? Defined using services and protocols
? Using the ?sand hourglass? model similar to the TCP/IP protocol stack

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"A computational grid is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides dependable, consistent, pervasive and
inexpensive access to high-end computational capabilities."
Grid computing makes it possible to dynamically share and coordinate dispersed, heterogeneous computing
resources. Flexibility and ubiquity are essential characteristics of Web services technologies such as WSDL (Web
Services Description Language), SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), and UDDI (Universal Description,

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Discovery, and Integration).
The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) combines technologies to unlock and exploit grid-attached resources.
OGSA defines mechanisms to create, manage, and exchange information between Grid Services, a special type of
Web service. The architecture uses WSDL extensively to describe the structure and behavior of a service. Service
descriptions are located and discovered using Web Services Inspection Language (WSIL). By combining elements

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from grid computing and Web services technologies, OGSA establishes an extensible and interoperable design and
development framework for Grid Services that includes details for service definition, discovery, and life-cycle
management.

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9 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


GLOBUS TOOLKIT

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The Globus Toolkit provides software tools to make it easier to build computational grids and grid-based
applications. The Globus Toolkit is both an open architecture and open source toolkit.

? The Globus Toolkit is a product of the Globus Alliance (http://www.globus.org)
? It is middleware for developing grids

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? The current release is 6.0.
? Four key protocols and APIs
? Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI)
? Grid Resource Allocation & Mgmt (GRAM)
? Grid Resource Information Protocol (GRIP) and Index Information Protocol (GIIP)

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? Grid File Transfer Protocol (GridFTP)
? Implementations on many platforms
? Resources, security systems, data models,
? Various collective layer protocols & tools
? Info services, replica management, etc.

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? A basis for many Grid-enabled tools & apps
FTP, SSH, Condor, SRB, MPI, EDG, GridPort,
GLOBUS TOOLKIT? COMPONENTS
? Security
? GSI ? Grid Security Infrastructure

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? Resource Management
? GRAM ? Grid Resource Allocation Manager
o globusrun
o RSL
o gatekeeper

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o job manager
o DUROC ? Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator
? Information Services
? MDS ? Monitoring and Discovery Service

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10 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

o GRIS ? Grid Resource Information Service
o GIIS ? Grid Index Information Service

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o MDS Client
? Data Management
o GridFTP, GASS
The Globus Toolkit latest version 6.0 includes:
GSI: security

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GridFTP: file transfer
GRAM: job execution/resource management
MyProxy: credential repository/certificate authority
GSI-OpenSSH: GSI secure single sign-on remote shell

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11 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

GLOBUS TOOLKIT INSTALLATION PROCEDURE
Step1: For installing Globus Toolkit nothing more easy than download the latest package:

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http://toolkit.globus.org/ftppub/gt6/installers/repo/globus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
sudodpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Step2: Update the repositories: sudo apt-get update
Step3: To install Debian or Ubuntu package, download the globus-toolkit-repo package
from the link above and install it with the command:

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root@sysa63:/home/#dpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Do the following for Debian-based systems:
root@sysa63:/home/#apt-get install globus-data-management-client

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12 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 01: DEVELOP A NEW WEB SERVICE FOR CALCULATOR

Aim:

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Develop a Web Service for new Calculator
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
1. Our first web service is an extremely simple Math Web Service, which we'll refer to asMathService. It will
2. allow users to perform the following operations:
a. Addition
b. Subtraction

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3. Furthermore, MathService will have the following resource properties (RPs for short):
a. Value (integer)
b. Last operation performed (string)
4. We will also add a "Get Value" operation to access the Value RP. Once a new resource is created, the
"value" RP is initialized to zero, and the "last operation" RP is initialized to "NONE". The parameter is

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added/subtracted to the "value" RP, and the "last operation" RP is changed to "ADDITION" or
"SUBTRACTION" accordingly. Also, the addition and subtraction operations don't return anything.
5. Writing and deploying a WSRF Web Service is easier than you might think. You just have to follow five
simple steps.
6. Define the service's interface. This is done with WSDL

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7. Implement the service. This is done with Java.
8. Define the deployment parameters. This is done with WSDD and JNDI
9. Compile everything and generate a GAR file. This is done with Ant
10. Deploy service. This is also done with a GT4 tool

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Sample Code:

_instance"
xmlns ="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"
xmlns:tns="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/examples/core/MathService_instance"

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xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsrp="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-
ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.xsd" xmlns:wsrpw="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-


13 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.wsdl"
xmlns:wsdlpp="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/2004/10/WSDLPreprocessor"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">

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Result:
Thus the program for developing web service for new calculator was successfully executed.

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14 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid by using Web Service for new Calculator
Applications:
To make a calculator in Windows application using web service

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1) What is Web Service?
2) What are the advantages of web services?
3) What are the different types of web services?

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4) What is SOAP?
5) What are the advantages of SOAP web services?
6) What are the disadvantages of SOAP web services?
7) What is WSDL?
8) What is UDDI?

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9) What are RESTful web services?
10) What are the advantages of RESTful web services?
11) What is the difference between SOAP and REST web services?
12) What is SOA service architecture?
13) What tools are used to deploy web services?

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14) What is Web Service architecture?
15) What are the advantages of web services in globus toolkit?
16) What are the different types of web services?
17) What is SOAP web services?
18) What is UDP and TCP?

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19) What is stateless SOA?
20) What is data balancing in WSDL?
Viva-voce

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15 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 02: DEVELOP NEW OGSA-COMPLIANT WEB SERVICE

Aim:

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To develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid Service using .NET language.
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:

1. Developed by the Global Grid Forum
2. Aims to define a common, standard, open architecture for Grid Applications.
3. Defines a set of rules that make up a grid service.

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4. Sharing and Coordinated use of diverse resources in Dynamic VO's

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Result:

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Thus the program for developing OGSA- Complaint web service was successfully executed.


16 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid
Service using .NET language

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Applications:
? Sharing of information among diverse components of large heterogenous grid systems
? WAN

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1. How would you decide what style of Web Service to use? SOAP WS or REST?
2. Does the service expose data or business logic?
3. Do consumers and the service providers require a formal contract?
4. Do we need to support multiple data formats?

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5. Do we need to make AJAX calls?
6. Is the call synchronous or asynchronous?
7. What level of security is required?
8. What level of transaction support is required?
9. Do we have limited band width?

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10. What tools do you use to test your Web Services?
11. What is the difference between SOA and a Web service?
12. What is a microservice architecture (aka MSA)?
13. What is data integrity?
14. What is cloud infrastructure?

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Viva-voce

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17 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 03: USING APACHE AXIS DEVELOP A GRID SERVICE

Aim:

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To develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
1. Creating the New Level in the Package
2. Edit the Configuration Files
3. Modify the Service Code
4. Modify the Client

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5. Compile and Deploy
6. Starting the Container
7. Compile the Client
8. Run the Client

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18 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:
Addition was successful
Subtraction was successful
Multiplication was successful
Division was successful

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Current value: 20.

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Result:
Thus the program for Grid Service using Apache Axis was successfully executed.

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19 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Applications:
? To create web service in Java
? To work with Globus Tool kit standards web service

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1. What are the different application integration styles?
2. What is Grid Computing?
3. What is QOS?
4. What are the derivatives of grid computing?

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5. What are the features of data grids?
6. What is load balancing?
7. What is grid infrastructure?
8. Define ? Distributed Computing.
9. Define ? OSGI.

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10. Define ? OSGA.
11. What is the use of API?s in cloud services?
12. What is the difference between cloud and grid?
13. What is data communication?
14. What are the elements of data communication?

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Viva-voce


20 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 04: DEVELOP APPLICATIONS USING JAVA OR C/C++ GRID
APIS
Aim:
To develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Import all the necessary java packages and name the file as GridLayoutDemo.java

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2. Set up components to preferred size
3. Add buttons to experiment with Grid Layout
4. Add controls to set up horizontal and vertical gaps
5. Process the Apply gaps button press
6. Create the GUI

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7. Create and set up the window,Set up the content pane and Display the Window
8. Schedule a job for the event dispatch thread
9. Show the application's GUI

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21 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:

Figure 1: Horizontal, Left-to-Right Figure 2: Horizontal, Right-to-Left

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Result:
Thus the program to develop an application in java using Grid APIs was successfully executed.


22 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop an application in Java using Grid APIs

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Applications:
Used for defining a application programme interface for common distributes computing functionality

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1) Describe the two most important advantages of using Distributed/Grid Computing.
2) What is the main function of DNS?
3) Briefly outline two applications of Public Key systems.
4) Provide one major difference between synchronous and asynchronous communication.
5) Provide one major difference between ASCII and Unicode encodings.

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6) Provide two major differences between sequential computing and parallel computing.
7) Write the any three Grid Applications.
8) Give the examples of Hardware service provider.
9) Give the example of software application ASP.
10) What are grid portals? Give example.

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11) What are the high level services including in existing globus tool kit?
12) Name the components available in Nimrod architecture?
13) What are the major objectives of Euro grid project?
14) What is the application specific work packages identified for the Euro grid?
15) Define dynamic accounting system.

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Viva-voce

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23 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

EX.NO. 05: DEVELOP SECURED APPLICATIONS USING BASIC

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SECURITY MECHANISMS AVAILABLE IN GLOBUS TOOLKIT.
Aim:
To develop a secured applications using a basic security mechanisms available in Globus toolkit
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
The Globus Toolkit incorporates multiple security components that establish the identity of users or services
(authentication), protect communications, and determine who is allowed to perform what actions (authorization), as

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well as manage user credentials.
? GSI C: The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and
certificate management.
? MyProxy: MyProxy is open source software for managing X.509 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) security
credentials (certificates and private keys).

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? GSI-OpenSSH: GSI-OpenSSH is a modified version of OpenSSH that adds support for X.509 proxy
certificate authentication and delegation, providing a single sign-on remote login and file transfer service.
The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and certificate
management. The authentication API is built using Public KeyInfrastructure (PKI) technologies, e.g. X.509
Certificates and TLS. In addition to authentication it features a delegation mechanism based upon X.509 Proxy

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Certificates. Authorization support takes the form of a couple of APIs. The first provides a generic authorization API
that allows callouts to perform access control based on the client's credentials (i.e. the X.509 certificate chain). The
second provides a simple access control list that maps authorized remote entities to local (system) user names. The
second mechanism also provides callouts that allow third parties to override the default behavior and is currently
used in the Gatekeeper and GridFTP servers. In addition to the above there are various lower level APIs and tools

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for managing, discovering and querying certificates.
Components for Grid Security
1. Basic Security Mechanisms
2. Components for Credential Generation
3. Components for Credential Management

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24 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Beyond verifying the identities of users and services, basic Grid security mechanisms leave access control decisions

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to services. The Grid community has developed authorization and access control tools for storing and providing
access to system-wide authorization information and for creating a central data store for supporting decentralized
control mechanisms.
Basic Security Mechanisms
? Pre-Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A non-Web services implementation of the Grid

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Security Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI
mechanisms
? Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A Web services implementation of the Grid Security
Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI mechanisms

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Result:

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Thus the program to develop a security application available in Globus toolkit was successfully executed.
Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a secured applications using a basic security

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mechanisms available in Globus toolkit



25 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Applications:
To provide easy acces to best breed open source network security

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1. What are the collective services available in grid computing?
2. What are the basic principles of autonomous computing?
3. What are the four essential characteristics of on demand business?
4. What are the essential capabilities provided by on demand business?
5. What are the two most important technologies for building semantic webs?

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6. Define Peer to Peer computing?
7. What is the combination of Globus GT3 toolkit?
8. What is a GT3 core?
9. What are the components available in service model?
10. Define WS-Trust

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11. Define WS ?Federation
12. Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
13. Who are the actors in CDC?
14. Mention the scenarios in CDC?
15. What are the functional requirements of CDC on OGSA?

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Viva-voce

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26 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 06: DEVELOP A GRID PORTAL, WHERE USER CAN SUBMIT

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A JOB AND GET THE RESULT, IMPLEMENT IT WITH AND WITHOUT
GRAM CONCEPT.
Aim:
To develop a Grid portal and implement it with and without GRAM concept
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

Procedure:

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Multiple times that the likely user interface to grid applications will be through portals, specifically Web portals. A grid
portal may be constructed as a Web page interface to provide easy access to grid applications. The Web user
interface provides user authentication, job submission, job monitoring, and results of the job.
Globus Resource Allocation Manager (GRAM)
When a job is submitted by a client, the request is sent to the remote host and handled by a gatekeeper daemon.

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The gatekeeper creates a job manager to start and monitor the job. When the job is finished, the job manager
sends the status information back to the client and terminates.
The GRAM subsystem consists of the following elements:
? The globusrun command and associated APIs Resource Specification Language (RSL)
? The gatekeeper daemon The job manager Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator (DUROC)

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Each of these elements are described briefly below.
The globusrun command
The globusrun command (or its equivalent API) submits a job to a resource within the grid. This command
is typically passed an RSL string (see below) that specifies parameters and other properties required to successfully
launch and run the job

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27 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Resource Specification Language (RSL)

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RSL is a language used by clients to specify the job to be run. All job submission requests are described in an RSL
string that includes information such as the executable file; its parameters; information about redirection of stdin,
stdout, and stderr; and so on. Basically it provides a standard way of specifying all of the information required to
execute a job, independent of the target environment. It is then the responsibility of the job manager on the target
system to parse the information and launch the job in the appropriate way.

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The syntax of RSL is very straightforward. Each statement is enclosed within parenthesis. Comments are
designated with parenthesis and asterisks, for example, (* this is a comment *). Supported attributes include the
following:
rsl_substitution: Defines variables
executable: The script or command to be run

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arguments: Information or flags to be passed to the executable
stdin: Specifies the remote URL and local file used for the executable stdout: Specifies the remote file to place
standard output from the job stderr: Specifies the remote file to place standard error from the job queue: Specifies the
queue to submit the job (requires a scheduler) count: Specifies the number of executions
directory: Specifies the directory to run the job

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project: Specifies a project account for the job (requires a scheduler) dryRun: Verifies the RSL string but
does not run the job
maxMemory: Specifies the maximum amount of memory in MBs required for the job
minMemory: Specifies the minimum amount of memory in MBs required for the job
hostCount: Specifies the number of nodes in a cluster required for the job environment: Specifies environment

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variables that are required for the job
jobType: Specifies the type of job single process, multi-process, mpi, or condor
maxTime: Specifies the maximum execution wall or cpu time for one execution
maxWallTime: Specifies the maximum walltime for one execution maxCpuTime: Specifies the maximum
cpu time for one execution

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gramMyjob: Specifies the whether the gram myjob interface starts one process/thread (independent) or more
(collective)


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Result:
Thus the program to develop Grid Portal was successfully executed.

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29 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid portal and implement it with and
without GRAM concept
Application:
? It is useful and necessary for interfaces for the performance of operations on the Grid. The Grid
Portal Development Kit (GPDK) facilitates the development of Grid portals and provides several key

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reusable components for accessing various Grid services.
? A Grid Portal provides a customizable interface allowing scientists to perform a variety of Grid
operations including remote program submission, file staging, and querying of information services
from a single, secure gateway.
? The Grid Portal Development Kit leverages off existing Globus/Grid middleware infrastructure as

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well as commodity web technology including Java Server Pages and servlets .



1) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?

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2) What are the major goals of OGSA?
3) What are the more specific goals of OGSA?
4) What are the main purposes of use case defined by OGSA?
5) Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
6) What are the layers available in OGSA architectural organizations?

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7) What are the OGSA basic services?
8) What are the two aspects involved in GRAM?
9) What are the two kinds of lifecycle model associated with state data recovery?
10) What is a GT3 core?
11) What are the major components of default server side framework?

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12) What is Grid container?
13) What are the two levels of security available in GT3?
14) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?
15) What are the two different message-level authentication mechanisms provided by GT3 framework?
16) What are the most common GT3 security handlers?

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Viva-voce


30 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO CLOUD COMPUTING

What is cloud computing?
Cloud computing means that instead of all the computer hardware and software you're using sitting on your
desktop, or somewhere inside your company's network, it's provided for you as a service by another company and

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accessed over the Internet, usually in a completely seamless way. Exactly where the hardware and software is
located and how it all works doesn't matter to you, the user?it's just somewhere up in the nebulous "cloud" that the
Internet represents.
Cloud computing is a buzzword that means different things to different people. For some, it's just another way of
describing IT (information technology) "outsourcing"; others use it to mean any computing service provided over the

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Internet or a similar network; and some define it as any bought-in computer service you use that sits outside your
firewall.
Types of cloud computing
IT people talk about three different kinds of cloud computing, where different services are being provided for you.
Note that there's a certain amount of vagueness about how these things are defined and some overlap between

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them.
? Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) means you're buying access to raw computing hardware over the Net,
such as servers or storage. Since you buy what you need and pay-as-you-go, this is often referred to as
utility computing. Ordinary web hosting is a simple example of IaaS: you pay a monthly subscription or a
per-megabyte/gigabyte fee to have a hosting company serve up files for your website from their servers.

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? Software as a Service (SaaS) means you use a complete application running on someone else's system.
Web-based email and Google Documents are perhaps the best-known examples. Zoho is another well-
known SaaS provider offering a variety of office applications online.
? Platform as a Service (PaaS) means you develop applications using Web-based tools so they run on
systems software and hardware provided by another company. So, for example, you might develop your

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own ecommerce website but have the whole thing, including the shopping cart, checkout, and payment
mechanism running on a merchant's server. App Cloud (from salesforce.com) and the Google App Engine
are examples of PaaS.
Advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing
Advantages

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The pros of cloud computing are obvious and compelling. If your business is selling books or repairing shoes,
why get involved in the nitty gritty of buying and maintaining a complex computer system? If you run an insurance
office, do you really want your sales agents wasting time running anti-virus software, upgrading word-processors, or
worrying about hard-drive crashes? Do you really want them cluttering your expensive computers with their personal

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31 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

emails, illegally shared MP3 files, and naughty YouTube videos?when you could leave that responsibility to
someone else? Cloud computing allows you to buy in only the services you want, when you want them, cutting the

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upfront capital costs of computers and peripherals. You avoid equipment going out of date and other familiar IT
problems like ensuring system security and reliability. You can add extra services (or take them away) at a moment's
notice as your business needs change. It's really quick and easy to add new applications or services to your
business without waiting weeks or months for the new computer (and its software) to arrive.
Drawbacks

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Instant convenience comes at a price. Instead of purchasing computers and software, cloud computing means you
buy services, so one-off, upfront capital costs become ongoing operating costs instead. That might work out much
more expensive in the long-term.
If you're using software as a service (for example, writing a report using an online word processor or sending emails
through webmail), you need a reliable, high-speed, broadband Internet connection functioning the whole time you're

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working. That's something we take for granted in countries such as the United States, but it's much more of an issue
in developing countries or rural areas where broadband is unavailable.
An Introduction to Cloud Computing with OpenNebula
An OpenNebula Private Cloud provides infrastructure users with an elastic platform for fast delivery and scalability of
services to meet dynamic demands of service end-users. Services are hosted in VMs, and then submitted,

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monitored and controlled in the Cloud by using Sunstone or any of the OpenNebula interfaces:
? Command Line Interface (CLI)
? XML-RPC API
? OpenNebulaRuby and Java Cloud APIs
The aim of a Private Cloud is not to expose to the world a cloud interface to sell capacity over the Internet, but to

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provide local cloud users and administrators with a flexible and agile private infrastructure to run virtualized service
workloads within the administrative domain. OpenNebula virtual infrastructure interfaces expose user and
administrator functionality for virtualization, networking, image and physical resource configuration, management,
monitoring and accounting.

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32 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


Expt.No.1: FIND PROCEDURE TO RUN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE OF
DIFFERENT CONFIGURATION. CHECK HOW MANY VIRTUAL

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MACHINES CAN BE UTILIZED AT PARTICULAR TIME.

Aim:
To Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be
utilized at particular time

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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Creating Virtual Machines
In OpenNebula the Virtual Machines are defined with Template files. The Template Repository system allows
OpenNebula administrators and users to register Virtual Machine definitions in the system, to be instantiated later as
Virtual Machine instances. These Templates can be instantiated several times, and also shared with other users.

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Virtual Machine Model
A Virtual Machine within the OpenNebula system consists of:
? A capacity in terms memory and CPU
? A set of NICs attached to one or more virtual networks
? A set of disk images

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? A state file (optional) or recovery file, that contains the memory image of a running VM plus some hypervisor
specific information.
The above items, plus some additional VM attributes like the OS kernel and context information to be used inside the
VM, are specified in a template file.
Defining a VM in 3 Steps

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Virtual Machines are defined in an OpenNebula Template. Templates are stored in a repository to easily browse and
instantiate VMs from them. To create a new Template you have to define 3 things


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? Capacity & Name, how big will the VM be?
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
NAME Name that the VM will get for description purposes. Yes one-
MEMORY Amount of RAM required for the VM, in Megabytes. Yes

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CPU CPU ratio (e..g half a physical CPU is 0.5). Yes
VCPU Number of virtual cpus. No 1
Disks. Each disk is defined with a DISK attribute. A VM can use three types of disk:
? Use a persistent Image changes to the disk image will persist after the VM is shutdown.
? Use a non-persistent Image images are cloned, changes to the image will be lost.

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? Volatile disks are created on the fly on the target host. After the VM is shutdown the disk is disposed.

Persistent and Clone Disks
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
IMAGE_ID and IMAGE The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes

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IMAGE_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No self
IMAGE_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No self
Volatile
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
TYPE

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Type of the disk: swap, fs. swap type will set the label to swap so it is
easier to mount and the context packages will automatically mount it.
Yes
SIZE size in MB Yes
FORMAT

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filesystem for fs images: ext2, ext3, etc. raw will not format the image. For
VMs to run on vmfs or vmwareshared configurations, the valid values are:
Yes

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34 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Attribute Description Mandatory Default
vmdk_thin, vmdk_zeroedthick, vmdk_eagerzeroedthick

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Network Interfaces. Each network interface of a VM is defined with the NIC attribute.
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
NETWORK_ID and NETWORK The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes
NETWORK_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No Self
NETWORK_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No Self

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The following example shows a VM Template file with a couple of disks and a network interface, also a VNC section
was added.
NAME = test-vm
MEMORY = 128

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CPU = 1

DISK = [ IMAGE = "Arch Linux" ]
DISK = [ TYPE = swap,
SIZE = 1024 ]

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NIC = [ NETWORK = "Public", NETWORK_UNAME="oneadmin" ]

GRAPHICS = [
TYPE = "vnc",

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LISTEN = "0.0.0.0"]
Simple templates can be also created using the command line instead of creating a template file. The parameters to
do this for onetemplate are:

Parameter

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Description
--namename Name for the VM
--cpucpu CPU percentage reserved for the VM (1=100% one CPU)

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35 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


Parameter

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Description
--vcpuvcpu Number of virtualized CPUs
--archarch Architecture of the VM, e.g.: i386 or x86_64
--memorymemory Memory ammount given to the VM

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--diskdisk0,disk1 Disks to attach. To use a disk owned by other user use user[disk]
--nicvnet0,vnet1 Networks to attach. To use a network owned by other user use user[network]
--rawstring
Raw string to add to the template. Not to be confused with the RAW attribute. If you want
to provide more than one element, just include an enter inside quotes, instead of using

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more than one -raw option
--vnc Add VNC server to the VM
--ssh[file]
Add an ssh public key to the context. If the file is omited then the user variable
SSH_PUBLIC_KEY will be used.

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--net_context Add network contextualization parameters
--contextline1,line2 * Lines to add to the context section
--bootdevice Select boot device (hd, fd, cdrom or network)
A similar template as the previous example can be created with the following command:
$ onetemplate create --name test-vm --memory 128 --cpu 1 --disk "Arch Linux" --nic Public

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Managing Virtual Machines
Assuming we have a VM Template registered called vm-example with ID 6, then we can instantiate the VM issuing
a:
$ onetemplate list

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ID USER GROUP NAME REGTIME
6 oneadminoneadminvm_example 09/28 06:44:07

$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm

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36 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

VM ID: 0
If the template has USER INPUTSdefined the CLI will prompt the user for these values:

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$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm

There are some parameters that require user input.

* (BLOG_TITLE) Blog Title:

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* (DB_PASSWORD) Database Password:
VM ID: 0
Afterwards, the VM can be listed with the onevmlist command. You can also use the onevmtop command to list VMs
continuously.
$ onevm list

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ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME
0 oneadminoneadminmy_vm pend 0 0K 00 00:00:03
After a Scheduling cycle, the VM will be automatically deployed. But the deployment can also be forced by oneadmin
using onevmdeploy:

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$ onehost list

ID NAME RVM TCPU FCPU ACPU TMEM FMEM AMEM STAT
2 testbed 0 800 800 800 16G 16G16G on
$ onevm deploy 0 2

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$ onevm list

ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME
0 oneadminoneadminmy_vmrunn 0 0K testbed 00 00:02:40

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$ onevm show 0
VIRTUAL MACHINE 0 INFORMATION
ID :0
NAME : my_vm

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USER : oneadmin
GROUP : oneadmin


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STATE : ACTIVE
LCM_STATE : RUNNING
START TIME : 04/14 09:00:24
END TIME : -

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DEPLOY ID: : one-0
PERMISSIONS
OWNER : um-
GROUP : ---
OTHER : ---

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VIRTUAL MACHINE MONITORING
NET_TX : 13.05
NET_RX : 0
USED MEMORY : 512
USED CPU : 0

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VIRTUAL MACHINE TEMPLATE
VIRTUAL MACHINE HISTORY

SEQ HOSTNAME REASON START TIME PTIME

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0 testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00
testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00

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38 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to run virtual machines on different configuration was successfully executed & its utilization time is
checked in various machines.

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39 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find procedure to run the virtual machine of different
Configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
Applications:

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? An advantage of virtualizing the workload?s I/O path enables hardware independence by
abstracting vendor specific drivers to more generalized versions that run on the hypervisor.
? It allows the live migration, which is one of virtualization?s greatest availability strengths
? The sharing of aggregate resources, such as network paths

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1. What is cloud computing?
2. What are the benefits of cloud computing?
3. What are the different data types used in cloud computing?

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4. What are the different layers in cloud computing?
5. What do you mean by software as a service?
6. What is on-demand functionality? How is it provided in cloud computing?
7. What are the platforms used for large scale cloud computing?
8. What are the different models for deployment in cloud computing?

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9. What is the difference between cloud computing and mobile computing?
10. What are the open source cloud computing platform databases?
11. What is the difference between cloud and traditional datacenters?
12. Why API's is used in cloud services?
13. What are the different datacenters in cloud computing?

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14. Define API in data virtualization?
15. List of API in cloud?
Viva-voce

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40 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No.02: FIND PROCEDURE TO ATTACH VIRTUAL BLOCK TO
THE VIRTUAL MACHINE AND CHECK WHETHER IT HOLDS THE
DATA EVEN AFTER THE RELEASE OF THE VIRTUAL MACHINE.

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Aim:
To find a procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even after the
release of the virtual machine

Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
VirtualBox uses a special kernel module called vboxdrv to perform physical memory allocation and to gain control of
the processor for guest system execution. Without this kernel module, you can still use the VirtualBox manager to
configure virtual machines, but they will not start. In addition, there are the network kernel modules vboxnetflt and
vboxnetadp which are required for the more advanced networking features of VirtualBox.

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The VirtualBox kernel module is automatically installed on your system when you install VirtualBox. To
maintain it with future kernel updates, for those Linux distributions which provide it -- most current ones -- we
recommend installing Dynamic Kernel Module Support (DKMS). This framework helps with building and upgrading
kernel modules.
If DKMS is not already installed, execute one of the following:

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On an Ubuntu system:
sudo apt-get install dkms
If DKMS is available and installed, the VirtualBox kernel module should always work automatically, and it will be
automatically rebuilt if your host kernel is updated.
Otherwise, there are only two situations in which you will need to worry about the kernel module:

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1. The original installation fails. This probably means that your Linux system is not prepared for building
external kernel modules.


41 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Most Linux distributions can be set up simply by installing the right packages - normally, these will be the
GNU compiler (GCC), GNU Make (make) and packages containing header files for your kernel - and making
sure that all system updates are installed and that the system is running the most up-to-date kernel included
in the distribution. The version numbers of the header file packages must be the same as that of the kernel

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you are using.
? With Debian and Ubuntu releases, you must install the right version of the linux-headers and if it exists
the linux-kbuild package. Current Ubuntu releases should have the right packages installed by default.
? In even older Debian and Ubuntu releases, you must install the right version of the kernel-headers
package.

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? On Fedora and Redhat systems, the package is kernel-devel.
? On SUSE and openSUSE Linux, you must install the right versions of the kernel-source and kernel-syms
packages.
? If you have built your own kernel, you will need to make sure that you also installed all the required
header and other files for building external modules to the right locations. The details of how to do

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this will depend on how you built your kernel, and if you are unsure you should consult the
documentation which you followed to do so.
2. The kernel of your Linux host was updated and DKMS is not installed. In that case, the kernel module will
need to be reinstalled by executing (as root):
rcvboxdrv setup

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Performing the installation
VirtualBox is available in a number of package formats native to various common Linux distributions. In addition,
there is an alternative generic installer (.run) which should work on most Linux distributions.
Installing VirtualBox from a Debian/Ubuntu package
First, download the appropriate package for your distribution. The following examples assume that you are installing

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to a 32-bit Ubuntu Wily system. Use dpkg to install the Debian package:
sudodpkg -i virtualbox-5.0_5.0.20_Ubuntu_wily_i386.deb
The installer will also try to build kernel modules suitable for the current running kernel. If the build process is not
successful you will be shown a warning and the package will be left unconfigured. Please have a look at /var/log/vbox-
install.log to find out why the compilation failed. You may have to install the appropriate Linux kernel After correcting

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any problems, do


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sudorcvboxdrv setup
This will start a second attempt to build the module.
If a suitable kernel module was found in the package or the module was successfully built, the installation script will
attempt to load that module.
Once VirtualBox has been successfully installed and configured, you can start it by selecting "VirtualBox" in your

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start menu or from the command line.
Using the alternative installer (VirtualBox.run)
The alternative installer performs the following steps:
? It unpacks the application files to the target directory,
/opt/VirtualBox/

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which cannot be changed.
? It builds the VirtualBox kernel modules (vboxdrv, vboxnetflt and vboxnetadp) and installs them.
? It creates /sbin/rcvboxdrv, an init script to start the VirtualBox kernel module.
? It creates a new system group called vboxusers.
? It creates symbolic links in /usr/bin to the a shell script (/opt/VirtualBox/VBox) which does some sanity checks

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and dispatches to the actual executables, VirtualBox, VBoxSDL, VBoxVRDP, VBoxHeadless and VBoxManage
? It creates /etc/udev/rules.d/60-vboxdrv.rules, a description file for udev, if that is present, which makes the USB
devices accessible to all users in the vboxusers group.
? It writes the installation directory to /etc/vbox/vbox.cfg.
The installer must be executed as root with either install or uninstall as the first parameter.

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sudo ./VirtualBox.run install
Or if you do not have the "sudo" command available, run the following as root instead:
./VirtualBox.run install

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After that you need to put every user which should be able to access USB devices from VirtualBox guests in the
group vboxusers, either through the GUI user management tools or by running the following command as root:
sudousermod -a -G vboxusers username

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Performing a manual installation
If, for any reason, you cannot use the shell script installer described previously, you can also perform a manual
installation. Invoke the installer like this:
./VirtualBox.run --keep --noexec
This will unpack all the files needed for installation in the directory install under the current directory. The VirtualBox

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application files are contained in VirtualBox.tar.bz2 which you can unpack to any directory on your system. For
example:
sudomkdir /opt/VirtualBox
sudo tar jxf ./install/VirtualBox.tar.bz2 -C /opt/VirtualBox
or as root:

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mkdir /opt/VirtualBox
tarjxf ./install/VirtualBox.tar.bz2 -C /opt/VirtualBox
The sources for VirtualBox's kernel module are provided in the src directory. To build the module, change to the
directory and issuemake
If everything builds correctly, issue the following command to install the module to the appropriate module directory:

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sudo make install
In case you do not have sudo, switch the user account to root and performmake install
The VirtualBox kernel module needs a device node to operate. The above make command will tell you how to create
the device node, depending on your Linux system. The procedure is slightly different for a classical Linux setup with
a /dev directory, a system with the now deprecated devfs and a modern Linux system with udev.

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Note that the /dev/vboxdrv kernel module device node must be owned by root:root and must be read/writable only for
the user.Next, you will have to install the system initialization script for the kernel module:
cp /opt/VirtualBox/vboxdrv.sh /sbin/rcvboxdrv
mkdir /etc/vbox
echo INSTALL_DIR=/opt/VirtualBox> /etc/vbox/vbox.cfg

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44 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

and, for convenience, create the following symbolic links:

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ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VirtualBox
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxManage
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxHeadless
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxSDL

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Sample Output:

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Result:
Thus the program to attach virtual block to virtual machine was successfully executed & checked whether it holds the
data after the release of the virtual machine.

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45 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find a procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual
machine and check whether it holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
Application:
? To support the Cloud Computing with the Virtual Block Store System. The fast development of cloud

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computing systems stimulates the needs for a standalone block storage system to provide persistent
block storage services to virtual machines maintained by clouds.

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1. What is Type-1 and Type-2 hypervisor?
2. What is the use of virsh command?
3. Explain how you can transfer volume from one owner to another in Open Stack?
4. Discuss about KVM Features?
5. What is Virtual block?

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6. What is Virtualization?
7. What are virtual clusters?
8. How virtualization happens in data center?
9. List some of the open source grid middleware packages.
10. What is a programming model?

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11. What is Hadoop?
12. What are map and reduce functions?
13. How to run a job in hadoop?
14. What is HDFS?
15. What are the open source grid middleware packages?

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16. What is peer to peer computing?
17. What are node clusters?
18. How virtual migration happens in data center?
Viva-voce
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

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0 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

College o f Engineering

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?



DEPARTMENT OF

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COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
VII SEMESTER - R 2013

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Name : ______________________________________
Reg. No. : ______________________________________
Section : ______________________________________

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LABORATORY MANUAL


1 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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DHANALAKSHMI


is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and enterprising
professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and training.

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? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic Excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart and

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soul

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

To strive for acquiring, applying and imparting knowledge in Computer Science and Engineering through quality

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education and to provide enthusiastic professionals with commitment


? To produce highly competent and globally employable engineers in the field of Computer Science and
Engineering

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? To inculcate human values among the student community and make them realize their commitment to the society
? To exhibit excellence in pursuit of research and innovative products with a zeal to serve the society


VISION

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VISION
MISSION
MISSION

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2 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)
1. Fundamentals
To provide students with a solid foundation in Mathematics, Science and fundamentals of engineering, enabling

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them to apply, to find solutions for engineering problems and use this knowledge to acquire higher education
2. Core Competence
To train the students in Computer science and engineering technologies so that they apply their knowledge and
training to compare, and to analyze various engineering industrial problems to find solutions
3. Breadth

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To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice this enables them to
find solutions for the real time problems in industry, and to design products
4. Professionalism
To inculcate professional and effective communication skills, leadership qualities and team spirit in the students
to make them multi-faceted personalities and develop their ability to relate engineering issues to broader social

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context
5. Lifelong Learning/Ethics
To demonstrate and practice ethical and professional responsibilities in the industry and society in the large,
through commitment and lifelong learning needed for successful professional career

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4

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PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)
a) To demonstrate and apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Electronics and Communication Engineering field
b) To design a component, a system or a process to meet the specific needs within the realistic constraints
such as economics, environment, ethics, health, safety and manufacturability

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c) To demonstrate the competency to use software tools for computation, simulation and testing of electronics and
communication engineering circuits
d) To identify, formulate and solve electronic and communication engineering problems
e) To demonstrate an ability to visualize and work on laboratory and multidisciplinary tasks
f) To function as a member or a leader in multidisciplinary activities

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g) To communicate in verbal and written form with fellow engineers and society at large
h) To understand the impact of Electronics and Communication Engineering in the society and demonstrate awareness
of contemporary issues and commitment to give solutions exhibiting social responsibility
i) To demonstrate professional & ethical responsibilities
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning

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k) To participate and succeed in competitive exams

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5 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

SYLLABUS

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Learn the working of ARM processor
Understand the Building Blocks of Embedded Systems
Learn the concept of memory map and memory interface
Know the characteristics of Real Time Systems
Write programs to interface memory, I/Os with processor

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Study the interrupt performance
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
GRID COMPUTING LAB
Use Globus Toolkit or equivalent and do the following:
1. Develop a new Web Service for Calculator.

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2. Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service.
3. Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service.
4. Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs
5. Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus Toolkit.
6. Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it with and without

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GRAM concept.

CLOUD COMPUTING LAB
Use Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent to set up the cloud and demonstrate.
1. Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines

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COURSE OBJECTIVES


6 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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can be utilized at particular time.
2. Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even
after the release of the virtual machine.
3. Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program.
4. Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other.

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5. Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it.
6. Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster.
7. Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE.
8. Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it.
9. Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits.

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid.
? Design and Implement applications on the Cloud.
? Design network objects by applying the networking concepts.
? Create virtualization concept.
? Design web based applications.

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? Apply cloud tools for resource allocation.
? Apply grid tools for network translation.
? Design private cloud using open stack.
COURSE OUTCOMES

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7


CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
CONTENTS

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Sl. No. Name of the Experiment Page No.
CYCLE 1 ? EXPERIMENTS ( GRID COMPUTING)
1
Develop a new Web Service for Calculator 7
2

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Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service 16
3
Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service 19
4
Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs 22

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5
Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus
Toolkit
25
6

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Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it
with and without GRAM concept
27
CYCLE 2 ? EXPERIMENTS (CLOUD COMPUTING)
1

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Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how
many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
34
2
Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it

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holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
36
3 Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program 39
4
Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to

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the other
42
5 Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it 45
6 Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster 47
7 Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE

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ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS
1 Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it 52
2 Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks 55

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8 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO GRID COMPUTING


GRID TECHNOLOGY

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? Flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and
resource
? Grid architecture
? Defined using services and protocols
? Using the ?sand hourglass? model similar to the TCP/IP protocol stack

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"A computational grid is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides dependable, consistent, pervasive and
inexpensive access to high-end computational capabilities."
Grid computing makes it possible to dynamically share and coordinate dispersed, heterogeneous computing
resources. Flexibility and ubiquity are essential characteristics of Web services technologies such as WSDL (Web

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Services Description Language), SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), and UDDI (Universal Description,
Discovery, and Integration).
The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) combines technologies to unlock and exploit grid-attached resources.
OGSA defines mechanisms to create, manage, and exchange information between Grid Services, a special type of
Web service. The architecture uses WSDL extensively to describe the structure and behavior of a service. Service

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descriptions are located and discovered using Web Services Inspection Language (WSIL). By combining elements
from grid computing and Web services technologies, OGSA establishes an extensible and interoperable design and
development framework for Grid Services that includes details for service definition, discovery, and life-cycle
management.

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9 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


GLOBUS TOOLKIT

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The Globus Toolkit provides software tools to make it easier to build computational grids and grid-based
applications. The Globus Toolkit is both an open architecture and open source toolkit.

? The Globus Toolkit is a product of the Globus Alliance (http://www.globus.org)

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? It is middleware for developing grids
? The current release is 6.0.
? Four key protocols and APIs
? Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI)
? Grid Resource Allocation & Mgmt (GRAM)

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? Grid Resource Information Protocol (GRIP) and Index Information Protocol (GIIP)
? Grid File Transfer Protocol (GridFTP)
? Implementations on many platforms
? Resources, security systems, data models,
? Various collective layer protocols & tools

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? Info services, replica management, etc.
? A basis for many Grid-enabled tools & apps
FTP, SSH, Condor, SRB, MPI, EDG, GridPort,
GLOBUS TOOLKIT? COMPONENTS
? Security

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? GSI ? Grid Security Infrastructure
? Resource Management
? GRAM ? Grid Resource Allocation Manager
o globusrun
o RSL

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o gatekeeper
o job manager
o DUROC ? Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator
? Information Services
? MDS ? Monitoring and Discovery Service

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10 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

o GRIS ? Grid Resource Information Service

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o GIIS ? Grid Index Information Service
o MDS Client
? Data Management
o GridFTP, GASS
The Globus Toolkit latest version 6.0 includes:

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GSI: security
GridFTP: file transfer
GRAM: job execution/resource management
MyProxy: credential repository/certificate authority
GSI-OpenSSH: GSI secure single sign-on remote shell

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11 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

GLOBUS TOOLKIT INSTALLATION PROCEDURE

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Step1: For installing Globus Toolkit nothing more easy than download the latest package:
http://toolkit.globus.org/ftppub/gt6/installers/repo/globus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
sudodpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Step2: Update the repositories: sudo apt-get update
Step3: To install Debian or Ubuntu package, download the globus-toolkit-repo package

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from the link above and install it with the command:
root@sysa63:/home/#dpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Do the following for Debian-based systems:
root@sysa63:/home/#apt-get install globus-data-management-client

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12 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 01: DEVELOP A NEW WEB SERVICE FOR CALCULATOR

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Aim:
Develop a Web Service for new Calculator
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Our first web service is an extremely simple Math Web Service, which we'll refer to asMathService. It will
2. allow users to perform the following operations:
a. Addition

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b. Subtraction
3. Furthermore, MathService will have the following resource properties (RPs for short):
a. Value (integer)
b. Last operation performed (string)
4. We will also add a "Get Value" operation to access the Value RP. Once a new resource is created, the

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"value" RP is initialized to zero, and the "last operation" RP is initialized to "NONE". The parameter is
added/subtracted to the "value" RP, and the "last operation" RP is changed to "ADDITION" or
"SUBTRACTION" accordingly. Also, the addition and subtraction operations don't return anything.
5. Writing and deploying a WSRF Web Service is easier than you might think. You just have to follow five
simple steps.

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6. Define the service's interface. This is done with WSDL
7. Implement the service. This is done with Java.
8. Define the deployment parameters. This is done with WSDD and JNDI
9. Compile everything and generate a GAR file. This is done with Ant
10. Deploy service. This is also done with a GT4 tool

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Sample Code:

_instance"
xmlns ="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"

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xmlns:tns="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/examples/core/MathService_instance"
xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsrp="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-
ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.xsd" xmlns:wsrpw="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-

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13 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.wsdl"
xmlns:wsdlpp="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/2004/10/WSDLPreprocessor"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">

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Result:
Thus the program for developing web service for new calculator was successfully executed.

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14 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid by using Web Service for new Calculator
Applications:

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To make a calculator in Windows application using web service


1) What is Web Service?
2) What are the advantages of web services?

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3) What are the different types of web services?
4) What is SOAP?
5) What are the advantages of SOAP web services?
6) What are the disadvantages of SOAP web services?
7) What is WSDL?

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8) What is UDDI?
9) What are RESTful web services?
10) What are the advantages of RESTful web services?
11) What is the difference between SOAP and REST web services?
12) What is SOA service architecture?

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13) What tools are used to deploy web services?
14) What is Web Service architecture?
15) What are the advantages of web services in globus toolkit?
16) What are the different types of web services?
17) What is SOAP web services?

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18) What is UDP and TCP?
19) What is stateless SOA?
20) What is data balancing in WSDL?
Viva-voce

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15 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 02: DEVELOP NEW OGSA-COMPLIANT WEB SERVICE

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Aim:
To develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid Service using .NET language.
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

1. Developed by the Global Grid Forum
2. Aims to define a common, standard, open architecture for Grid Applications.

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3. Defines a set of rules that make up a grid service.
4. Sharing and Coordinated use of diverse resources in Dynamic VO's

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Result:
Thus the program for developing OGSA- Complaint web service was successfully executed.


16 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid

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Service using .NET language
Applications:
? Sharing of information among diverse components of large heterogenous grid systems
? WAN

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1. How would you decide what style of Web Service to use? SOAP WS or REST?
2. Does the service expose data or business logic?
3. Do consumers and the service providers require a formal contract?

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4. Do we need to support multiple data formats?
5. Do we need to make AJAX calls?
6. Is the call synchronous or asynchronous?
7. What level of security is required?
8. What level of transaction support is required?

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9. Do we have limited band width?
10. What tools do you use to test your Web Services?
11. What is the difference between SOA and a Web service?
12. What is a microservice architecture (aka MSA)?
13. What is data integrity?

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14. What is cloud infrastructure?


Viva-voce

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17 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 03: USING APACHE AXIS DEVELOP A GRID SERVICE

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Aim:
To develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Creating the New Level in the Package
2. Edit the Configuration Files
3. Modify the Service Code

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4. Modify the Client
5. Compile and Deploy
6. Starting the Container
7. Compile the Client
8. Run the Client

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18 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:
Addition was successful
Subtraction was successful
Multiplication was successful

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Division was successful
Current value: 20.

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Result:
Thus the program for Grid Service using Apache Axis was successfully executed.

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19 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Applications:
? To create web service in Java
? To work with Globus Tool kit standards web service

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1. What are the different application integration styles?
2. What is Grid Computing?
3. What is QOS?

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4. What are the derivatives of grid computing?
5. What are the features of data grids?
6. What is load balancing?
7. What is grid infrastructure?
8. Define ? Distributed Computing.

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9. Define ? OSGI.
10. Define ? OSGA.
11. What is the use of API?s in cloud services?
12. What is the difference between cloud and grid?
13. What is data communication?

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14. What are the elements of data communication?

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Viva-voce


20 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 04: DEVELOP APPLICATIONS USING JAVA OR C/C++ GRID
APIS
Aim:
To develop an application in Java using Grid APIs

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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1. Import all the necessary java packages and name the file as GridLayoutDemo.java
2. Set up components to preferred size
3. Add buttons to experiment with Grid Layout
4. Add controls to set up horizontal and vertical gaps
5. Process the Apply gaps button press

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6. Create the GUI
7. Create and set up the window,Set up the content pane and Display the Window
8. Schedule a job for the event dispatch thread
9. Show the application's GUI

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21 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:

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Figure 1: Horizontal, Left-to-Right Figure 2: Horizontal, Right-to-Left

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Result:
Thus the program to develop an application in java using Grid APIs was successfully executed.

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22 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Applications:
Used for defining a application programme interface for common distributes computing functionality

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1) Describe the two most important advantages of using Distributed/Grid Computing.
2) What is the main function of DNS?
3) Briefly outline two applications of Public Key systems.
4) Provide one major difference between synchronous and asynchronous communication.

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5) Provide one major difference between ASCII and Unicode encodings.
6) Provide two major differences between sequential computing and parallel computing.
7) Write the any three Grid Applications.
8) Give the examples of Hardware service provider.
9) Give the example of software application ASP.

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10) What are grid portals? Give example.
11) What are the high level services including in existing globus tool kit?
12) Name the components available in Nimrod architecture?
13) What are the major objectives of Euro grid project?
14) What is the application specific work packages identified for the Euro grid?

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15) Define dynamic accounting system.

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Viva-voce


23 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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EX.NO. 05: DEVELOP SECURED APPLICATIONS USING BASIC
SECURITY MECHANISMS AVAILABLE IN GLOBUS TOOLKIT.
Aim:
To develop a secured applications using a basic security mechanisms available in Globus toolkit
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
The Globus Toolkit incorporates multiple security components that establish the identity of users or services

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(authentication), protect communications, and determine who is allowed to perform what actions (authorization), as
well as manage user credentials.
? GSI C: The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and
certificate management.
? MyProxy: MyProxy is open source software for managing X.509 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) security

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credentials (certificates and private keys).
? GSI-OpenSSH: GSI-OpenSSH is a modified version of OpenSSH that adds support for X.509 proxy
certificate authentication and delegation, providing a single sign-on remote login and file transfer service.
The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and certificate
management. The authentication API is built using Public KeyInfrastructure (PKI) technologies, e.g. X.509

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Certificates and TLS. In addition to authentication it features a delegation mechanism based upon X.509 Proxy
Certificates. Authorization support takes the form of a couple of APIs. The first provides a generic authorization API
that allows callouts to perform access control based on the client's credentials (i.e. the X.509 certificate chain). The
second provides a simple access control list that maps authorized remote entities to local (system) user names. The
second mechanism also provides callouts that allow third parties to override the default behavior and is currently

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used in the Gatekeeper and GridFTP servers. In addition to the above there are various lower level APIs and tools
for managing, discovering and querying certificates.
Components for Grid Security
1. Basic Security Mechanisms
2. Components for Credential Generation

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3. Components for Credential Management


24 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Beyond verifying the identities of users and services, basic Grid security mechanisms leave access control decisions
to services. The Grid community has developed authorization and access control tools for storing and providing
access to system-wide authorization information and for creating a central data store for supporting decentralized
control mechanisms.
Basic Security Mechanisms

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? Pre-Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A non-Web services implementation of the Grid
Security Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI
mechanisms
? Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A Web services implementation of the Grid Security
Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI mechanisms

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Result:
Thus the program to develop a security application available in Globus toolkit was successfully executed.
Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a secured applications using a basic security
mechanisms available in Globus toolkit

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Applications:
To provide easy acces to best breed open source network security

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1. What are the collective services available in grid computing?
2. What are the basic principles of autonomous computing?
3. What are the four essential characteristics of on demand business?
4. What are the essential capabilities provided by on demand business?

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5. What are the two most important technologies for building semantic webs?
6. Define Peer to Peer computing?
7. What is the combination of Globus GT3 toolkit?
8. What is a GT3 core?
9. What are the components available in service model?

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10. Define WS-Trust
11. Define WS ?Federation
12. Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
13. Who are the actors in CDC?
14. Mention the scenarios in CDC?

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15. What are the functional requirements of CDC on OGSA?

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Viva-voce


26 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 06: DEVELOP A GRID PORTAL, WHERE USER CAN SUBMIT
A JOB AND GET THE RESULT, IMPLEMENT IT WITH AND WITHOUT
GRAM CONCEPT.
Aim:
To develop a Grid portal and implement it with and without GRAM concept

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
Multiple times that the likely user interface to grid applications will be through portals, specifically Web portals. A grid
portal may be constructed as a Web page interface to provide easy access to grid applications. The Web user
interface provides user authentication, job submission, job monitoring, and results of the job.
Globus Resource Allocation Manager (GRAM)

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When a job is submitted by a client, the request is sent to the remote host and handled by a gatekeeper daemon.
The gatekeeper creates a job manager to start and monitor the job. When the job is finished, the job manager
sends the status information back to the client and terminates.
The GRAM subsystem consists of the following elements:
? The globusrun command and associated APIs Resource Specification Language (RSL)

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? The gatekeeper daemon The job manager Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator (DUROC)
Each of these elements are described briefly below.
The globusrun command
The globusrun command (or its equivalent API) submits a job to a resource within the grid. This command
is typically passed an RSL string (see below) that specifies parameters and other properties required to successfully

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launch and run the job


27 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Resource Specification Language (RSL)
RSL is a language used by clients to specify the job to be run. All job submission requests are described in an RSL
string that includes information such as the executable file; its parameters; information about redirection of stdin,
stdout, and stderr; and so on. Basically it provides a standard way of specifying all of the information required to
execute a job, independent of the target environment. It is then the responsibility of the job manager on the target

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system to parse the information and launch the job in the appropriate way.
The syntax of RSL is very straightforward. Each statement is enclosed within parenthesis. Comments are
designated with parenthesis and asterisks, for example, (* this is a comment *). Supported attributes include the
following:
rsl_substitution: Defines variables

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executable: The script or command to be run
arguments: Information or flags to be passed to the executable
stdin: Specifies the remote URL and local file used for the executable stdout: Specifies the remote file to place
standard output from the job stderr: Specifies the remote file to place standard error from the job queue: Specifies the
queue to submit the job (requires a scheduler) count: Specifies the number of executions

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directory: Specifies the directory to run the job
project: Specifies a project account for the job (requires a scheduler) dryRun: Verifies the RSL string but
does not run the job
maxMemory: Specifies the maximum amount of memory in MBs required for the job
minMemory: Specifies the minimum amount of memory in MBs required for the job

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hostCount: Specifies the number of nodes in a cluster required for the job environment: Specifies environment
variables that are required for the job
jobType: Specifies the type of job single process, multi-process, mpi, or condor
maxTime: Specifies the maximum execution wall or cpu time for one execution
maxWallTime: Specifies the maximum walltime for one execution maxCpuTime: Specifies the maximum

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cpu time for one execution
gramMyjob: Specifies the whether the gram myjob interface starts one process/thread (independent) or more
(collective)

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28 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to develop Grid Portal was successfully executed.

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29 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid portal and implement it with and
without GRAM concept
Application:
? It is useful and necessary for interfaces for the performance of operations on the Grid. The Grid

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Portal Development Kit (GPDK) facilitates the development of Grid portals and provides several key
reusable components for accessing various Grid services.
? A Grid Portal provides a customizable interface allowing scientists to perform a variety of Grid
operations including remote program submission, file staging, and querying of information services
from a single, secure gateway.

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? The Grid Portal Development Kit leverages off existing Globus/Grid middleware infrastructure as
well as commodity web technology including Java Server Pages and servlets .

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1) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?
2) What are the major goals of OGSA?
3) What are the more specific goals of OGSA?
4) What are the main purposes of use case defined by OGSA?
5) Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?

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6) What are the layers available in OGSA architectural organizations?
7) What are the OGSA basic services?
8) What are the two aspects involved in GRAM?
9) What are the two kinds of lifecycle model associated with state data recovery?
10) What is a GT3 core?

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11) What are the major components of default server side framework?
12) What is Grid container?
13) What are the two levels of security available in GT3?
14) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?
15) What are the two different message-level authentication mechanisms provided by GT3 framework?

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16) What are the most common GT3 security handlers?
Viva-voce


30 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO CLOUD COMPUTING

What is cloud computing?
Cloud computing means that instead of all the computer hardware and software you're using sitting on your

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desktop, or somewhere inside your company's network, it's provided for you as a service by another company and
accessed over the Internet, usually in a completely seamless way. Exactly where the hardware and software is
located and how it all works doesn't matter to you, the user?it's just somewhere up in the nebulous "cloud" that the
Internet represents.
Cloud computing is a buzzword that means different things to different people. For some, it's just another way of

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describing IT (information technology) "outsourcing"; others use it to mean any computing service provided over the
Internet or a similar network; and some define it as any bought-in computer service you use that sits outside your
firewall.
Types of cloud computing
IT people talk about three different kinds of cloud computing, where different services are being provided for you.

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Note that there's a certain amount of vagueness about how these things are defined and some overlap between
them.
? Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) means you're buying access to raw computing hardware over the Net,
such as servers or storage. Since you buy what you need and pay-as-you-go, this is often referred to as
utility computing. Ordinary web hosting is a simple example of IaaS: you pay a monthly subscription or a

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per-megabyte/gigabyte fee to have a hosting company serve up files for your website from their servers.
? Software as a Service (SaaS) means you use a complete application running on someone else's system.
Web-based email and Google Documents are perhaps the best-known examples. Zoho is another well-
known SaaS provider offering a variety of office applications online.
? Platform as a Service (PaaS) means you develop applications using Web-based tools so they run on

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systems software and hardware provided by another company. So, for example, you might develop your
own ecommerce website but have the whole thing, including the shopping cart, checkout, and payment
mechanism running on a merchant's server. App Cloud (from salesforce.com) and the Google App Engine
are examples of PaaS.
Advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing

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Advantages
The pros of cloud computing are obvious and compelling. If your business is selling books or repairing shoes,
why get involved in the nitty gritty of buying and maintaining a complex computer system? If you run an insurance
office, do you really want your sales agents wasting time running anti-virus software, upgrading word-processors, or
worrying about hard-drive crashes? Do you really want them cluttering your expensive computers with their personal

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31 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

emails, illegally shared MP3 files, and naughty YouTube videos?when you could leave that responsibility to

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someone else? Cloud computing allows you to buy in only the services you want, when you want them, cutting the
upfront capital costs of computers and peripherals. You avoid equipment going out of date and other familiar IT
problems like ensuring system security and reliability. You can add extra services (or take them away) at a moment's
notice as your business needs change. It's really quick and easy to add new applications or services to your
business without waiting weeks or months for the new computer (and its software) to arrive.

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Drawbacks
Instant convenience comes at a price. Instead of purchasing computers and software, cloud computing means you
buy services, so one-off, upfront capital costs become ongoing operating costs instead. That might work out much
more expensive in the long-term.
If you're using software as a service (for example, writing a report using an online word processor or sending emails

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through webmail), you need a reliable, high-speed, broadband Internet connection functioning the whole time you're
working. That's something we take for granted in countries such as the United States, but it's much more of an issue
in developing countries or rural areas where broadband is unavailable.
An Introduction to Cloud Computing with OpenNebula
An OpenNebula Private Cloud provides infrastructure users with an elastic platform for fast delivery and scalability of

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services to meet dynamic demands of service end-users. Services are hosted in VMs, and then submitted,
monitored and controlled in the Cloud by using Sunstone or any of the OpenNebula interfaces:
? Command Line Interface (CLI)
? XML-RPC API
? OpenNebulaRuby and Java Cloud APIs

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The aim of a Private Cloud is not to expose to the world a cloud interface to sell capacity over the Internet, but to
provide local cloud users and administrators with a flexible and agile private infrastructure to run virtualized service
workloads within the administrative domain. OpenNebula virtual infrastructure interfaces expose user and
administrator functionality for virtualization, networking, image and physical resource configuration, management,
monitoring and accounting.

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32 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


Expt.No.1: FIND PROCEDURE TO RUN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE OF

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DIFFERENT CONFIGURATION. CHECK HOW MANY VIRTUAL
MACHINES CAN BE UTILIZED AT PARTICULAR TIME.

Aim:
To Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be

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utilized at particular time
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:

Creating Virtual Machines
In OpenNebula the Virtual Machines are defined with Template files. The Template Repository system allows
OpenNebula administrators and users to register Virtual Machine definitions in the system, to be instantiated later as

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Virtual Machine instances. These Templates can be instantiated several times, and also shared with other users.
Virtual Machine Model
A Virtual Machine within the OpenNebula system consists of:
? A capacity in terms memory and CPU
? A set of NICs attached to one or more virtual networks

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? A set of disk images
? A state file (optional) or recovery file, that contains the memory image of a running VM plus some hypervisor
specific information.
The above items, plus some additional VM attributes like the OS kernel and context information to be used inside the
VM, are specified in a template file.

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Defining a VM in 3 Steps
Virtual Machines are defined in an OpenNebula Template. Templates are stored in a repository to easily browse and
instantiate VMs from them. To create a new Template you have to define 3 things

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33 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

? Capacity & Name, how big will the VM be?
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
NAME Name that the VM will get for description purposes. Yes one-

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MEMORY Amount of RAM required for the VM, in Megabytes. Yes
CPU CPU ratio (e..g half a physical CPU is 0.5). Yes
VCPU Number of virtual cpus. No 1
Disks. Each disk is defined with a DISK attribute. A VM can use three types of disk:
? Use a persistent Image changes to the disk image will persist after the VM is shutdown.

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? Use a non-persistent Image images are cloned, changes to the image will be lost.
? Volatile disks are created on the fly on the target host. After the VM is shutdown the disk is disposed.

Persistent and Clone Disks
Attribute Description Mandatory Default

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IMAGE_ID and IMAGE The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes
IMAGE_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No self
IMAGE_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No self
Volatile
Attribute Description Mandatory Default

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TYPE
Type of the disk: swap, fs. swap type will set the label to swap so it is
easier to mount and the context packages will automatically mount it.
Yes
SIZE size in MB Yes

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FORMAT
filesystem for fs images: ext2, ext3, etc. raw will not format the image. For
VMs to run on vmfs or vmwareshared configurations, the valid values are:
Yes

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34 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Attribute Description Mandatory Default
vmdk_thin, vmdk_zeroedthick, vmdk_eagerzeroedthick

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Network Interfaces. Each network interface of a VM is defined with the NIC attribute.
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
NETWORK_ID and NETWORK The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes
NETWORK_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No Self

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NETWORK_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No Self

The following example shows a VM Template file with a couple of disks and a network interface, also a VNC section
was added.
NAME = test-vm

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MEMORY = 128
CPU = 1

DISK = [ IMAGE = "Arch Linux" ]
DISK = [ TYPE = swap,

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SIZE = 1024 ]

NIC = [ NETWORK = "Public", NETWORK_UNAME="oneadmin" ]

GRAPHICS = [

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TYPE = "vnc",
LISTEN = "0.0.0.0"]
Simple templates can be also created using the command line instead of creating a template file. The parameters to
do this for onetemplate are:

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Parameter

Description
--namename Name for the VM
--cpucpu CPU percentage reserved for the VM (1=100% one CPU)

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35 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Parameter

Description
--vcpuvcpu Number of virtualized CPUs
--archarch Architecture of the VM, e.g.: i386 or x86_64

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--memorymemory Memory ammount given to the VM
--diskdisk0,disk1 Disks to attach. To use a disk owned by other user use user[disk]
--nicvnet0,vnet1 Networks to attach. To use a network owned by other user use user[network]
--rawstring
Raw string to add to the template. Not to be confused with the RAW attribute. If you want

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to provide more than one element, just include an enter inside quotes, instead of using
more than one -raw option
--vnc Add VNC server to the VM
--ssh[file]
Add an ssh public key to the context. If the file is omited then the user variable

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SSH_PUBLIC_KEY will be used.
--net_context Add network contextualization parameters
--contextline1,line2 * Lines to add to the context section
--bootdevice Select boot device (hd, fd, cdrom or network)
A similar template as the previous example can be created with the following command:

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$ onetemplate create --name test-vm --memory 128 --cpu 1 --disk "Arch Linux" --nic Public
Managing Virtual Machines
Assuming we have a VM Template registered called vm-example with ID 6, then we can instantiate the VM issuing
a:
$ onetemplate list

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ID USER GROUP NAME REGTIME
6 oneadminoneadminvm_example 09/28 06:44:07

$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm

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36 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

VM ID: 0

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If the template has USER INPUTSdefined the CLI will prompt the user for these values:
$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm

There are some parameters that require user input.

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* (BLOG_TITLE) Blog Title:
* (DB_PASSWORD) Database Password:
VM ID: 0
Afterwards, the VM can be listed with the onevmlist command. You can also use the onevmtop command to list VMs
continuously.

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$ onevm list

ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME
0 oneadminoneadminmy_vm pend 0 0K 00 00:00:03
After a Scheduling cycle, the VM will be automatically deployed. But the deployment can also be forced by oneadmin

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using onevmdeploy:
$ onehost list

ID NAME RVM TCPU FCPU ACPU TMEM FMEM AMEM STAT
2 testbed 0 800 800 800 16G 16G16G on

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$ onevm deploy 0 2

$ onevm list

ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME

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0 oneadminoneadminmy_vmrunn 0 0K testbed 00 00:02:40

$ onevm show 0
VIRTUAL MACHINE 0 INFORMATION
ID :0

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NAME : my_vm
USER : oneadmin
GROUP : oneadmin

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37 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

STATE : ACTIVE
LCM_STATE : RUNNING
START TIME : 04/14 09:00:24

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END TIME : -
DEPLOY ID: : one-0
PERMISSIONS
OWNER : um-
GROUP : ---

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OTHER : ---
VIRTUAL MACHINE MONITORING
NET_TX : 13.05
NET_RX : 0
USED MEMORY : 512

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USED CPU : 0
VIRTUAL MACHINE TEMPLATE
VIRTUAL MACHINE HISTORY

SEQ HOSTNAME REASON START TIME PTIME

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0 testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00
testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00

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38 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to run virtual machines on different configuration was successfully executed & its utilization time is

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checked in various machines.


39 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find procedure to run the virtual machine of different
Configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time

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Applications:
? An advantage of virtualizing the workload?s I/O path enables hardware independence by
abstracting vendor specific drivers to more generalized versions that run on the hypervisor.
? It allows the live migration, which is one of virtualization?s greatest availability strengths
? The sharing of aggregate resources, such as network paths

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1. What is cloud computing?
2. What are the benefits of cloud computing?

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3. What are the different data types used in cloud computing?
4. What are the different layers in cloud computing?
5. What do you mean by software as a service?
6. What is on-demand functionality? How is it provided in cloud computing?
7. What are the platforms used for large scale cloud computing?

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8. What are the different models for deployment in cloud computing?
9. What is the difference between cloud computing and mobile computing?
10. What are the open source cloud computing platform databases?
11. What is the difference between cloud and traditional datacenters?
12. Why API's is used in cloud services?

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13. What are the different datacenters in cloud computing?
14. Define API in data virtualization?
15. List of API in cloud?
Viva-voce

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40 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No.02: FIND PROCEDURE TO ATTACH VIRTUAL BLOCK TO
THE VIRTUAL MACHINE AND CHECK WHETHER IT HOLDS THE

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DATA EVEN AFTER THE RELEASE OF THE VIRTUAL MACHINE.
Aim:
To find a procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even after the
release of the virtual machine

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
VirtualBox uses a special kernel module called vboxdrv to perform physical memory allocation and to gain control of
the processor for guest system execution. Without this kernel module, you can still use the VirtualBox manager to
configure virtual machines, but they will not start. In addition, there are the network kernel modules vboxnetflt and

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vboxnetadp which are required for the more advanced networking features of VirtualBox.
The VirtualBox kernel module is automatically installed on your system when you install VirtualBox. To
maintain it with future kernel updates, for those Linux distributions which provide it -- most current ones -- we
recommend installing Dynamic Kernel Module Support (DKMS). This framework helps with building and upgrading
kernel modules.

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If DKMS is not already installed, execute one of the following:
On an Ubuntu system:
sudo apt-get install dkms
If DKMS is available and installed, the VirtualBox kernel module should always work automatically, and it will be
automatically rebuilt if your host kernel is updated.

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Otherwise, there are only two situations in which you will need to worry about the kernel module:
1. The original installation fails. This probably means that your Linux system is not prepared for building
external kernel modules.

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Most Linux distributions can be set up simply by installing the right packages - normally, these will be the
GNU compiler (GCC), GNU Make (make) and packages containing header files for your kernel - and making
sure that all system updates are installed and that the system is running the most up-to-date kernel included

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in the distribution. The version numbers of the header file packages must be the same as that of the kernel
you are using.
? With Debian and Ubuntu releases, you must install the right version of the linux-headers and if it exists
the linux-kbuild package. Current Ubuntu releases should have the right packages installed by default.
? In even older Debian and Ubuntu releases, you must install the right version of the kernel-headers

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package.
? On Fedora and Redhat systems, the package is kernel-devel.
? On SUSE and openSUSE Linux, you must install the right versions of the kernel-source and kernel-syms
packages.
? If you have built your own kernel, you will need to make sure that you also installed all the required

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header and other files for building external modules to the right locations. The details of how to do
this will depend on how you built your kernel, and if you are unsure you should consult the
documentation which you followed to do so.
2. The kernel of your Linux host was updated and DKMS is not installed. In that case, the kernel module will
need to be reinstalled by executing (as root):

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rcvboxdrv setup
Performing the installation
VirtualBox is available in a number of package formats native to various common Linux distributions. In addition,
there is an alternative generic installer (.run) which should work on most Linux distributions.
Installing VirtualBox from a Debian/Ubuntu package

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First, download the appropriate package for your distribution. The following examples assume that you are installing
to a 32-bit Ubuntu Wily system. Use dpkg to install the Debian package:
sudodpkg -i virtualbox-5.0_5.0.20_Ubuntu_wily_i386.deb
The installer will also try to build kernel modules suitable for the current running kernel. If the build process is not
successful you will be shown a warning and the package will be left unconfigured. Please have a look at /var/log/vbox-

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install.log to find out why the compilation failed. You may have to install the appropriate Linux kernel After correcting
any problems, do


42 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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sudorcvboxdrv setup
This will start a second attempt to build the module.
If a suitable kernel module was found in the package or the module was successfully built, the installation script will
attempt to load that module.

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Once VirtualBox has been successfully installed and configured, you can start it by selecting "VirtualBox" in your
start menu or from the command line.
Using the alternative installer (VirtualBox.run)
The alternative installer performs the following steps:
? It unpacks the application files to the target directory,

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/opt/VirtualBox/
which cannot be changed.
? It builds the VirtualBox kernel modules (vboxdrv, vboxnetflt and vboxnetadp) and installs them.
? It creates /sbin/rcvboxdrv, an init script to start the VirtualBox kernel module.
? It creates a new system group called vboxusers.

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? It creates symbolic links in /usr/bin to the a shell script (/opt/VirtualBox/VBox) which does some sanity checks
and dispatches to the actual executables, VirtualBox, VBoxSDL, VBoxVRDP, VBoxHeadless and VBoxManage
? It creates /etc/udev/rules.d/60-vboxdrv.rules, a description file for udev, if that is present, which makes the USB
devices accessible to all users in the vboxusers group.
? It writes the installation directory to /etc/vbox/vbox.cfg.

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The installer must be executed as root with either install or uninstall as the first parameter.
sudo ./VirtualBox.run install
Or if you do not have the "sudo" command available, run the following as root instead:
./VirtualBox.run install

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43 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

After that you need to put every user which should be able to access USB devices from VirtualBox guests in the
group vboxusers, either through the GUI user management tools or by running the following command as root:

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sudousermod -a -G vboxusers username
Performing a manual installation
If, for any reason, you cannot use the shell script installer described previously, you can also perform a manual
installation. Invoke the installer like this:
./VirtualBox.run --keep --noexec

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This will unpack all the files needed for installation in the directory install under the current directory. The VirtualBox
application files are contained in VirtualBox.tar.bz2 which you can unpack to any directory on your system. For
example:
sudomkdir /opt/VirtualBox
sudo tar jxf ./install/VirtualBox.tar.bz2 -C /opt/VirtualBox

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or as root:
mkdir /opt/VirtualBox
tarjxf ./install/VirtualBox.tar.bz2 -C /opt/VirtualBox
The sources for VirtualBox's kernel module are provided in the src directory. To build the module, change to the
directory and issuemake

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If everything builds correctly, issue the following command to install the module to the appropriate module directory:
sudo make install
In case you do not have sudo, switch the user account to root and performmake install
The VirtualBox kernel module needs a device node to operate. The above make command will tell you how to create
the device node, depending on your Linux system. The procedure is slightly different for a classical Linux setup with

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a /dev directory, a system with the now deprecated devfs and a modern Linux system with udev.
Note that the /dev/vboxdrv kernel module device node must be owned by root:root and must be read/writable only for
the user.Next, you will have to install the system initialization script for the kernel module:
cp /opt/VirtualBox/vboxdrv.sh /sbin/rcvboxdrv
mkdir /etc/vbox

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echo INSTALL_DIR=/opt/VirtualBox> /etc/vbox/vbox.cfg


44 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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and, for convenience, create the following symbolic links:
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VirtualBox
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxManage
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxHeadless
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxSDL

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Sample Output:

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Result:
Thus the program to attach virtual block to virtual machine was successfully executed & checked whether it holds the
data after the release of the virtual machine.

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45 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find a procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual
machine and check whether it holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
Application:

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? To support the Cloud Computing with the Virtual Block Store System. The fast development of cloud
computing systems stimulates the needs for a standalone block storage system to provide persistent
block storage services to virtual machines maintained by clouds.

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1. What is Type-1 and Type-2 hypervisor?
2. What is the use of virsh command?
3. Explain how you can transfer volume from one owner to another in Open Stack?
4. Discuss about KVM Features?

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5. What is Virtual block?
6. What is Virtualization?
7. What are virtual clusters?
8. How virtualization happens in data center?
9. List some of the open source grid middleware packages.

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10. What is a programming model?
11. What is Hadoop?
12. What are map and reduce functions?
13. How to run a job in hadoop?
14. What is HDFS?

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15. What are the open source grid middleware packages?
16. What is peer to peer computing?
17. What are node clusters?
18. How virtual migration happens in data center?
Viva-voce

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46 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No.03: INSTALL A C COMPILER IN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE AND

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EXECUTE A SAMPLE PROGRAM.
Aim:
To Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Create a VM and Install any OS on it.
2.Install a C compiler on OS

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3.Open a Editor and type the sample program and Save.
4.Compile and run the Program
Example:
C programming on Linux based Environement

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1. Open Terminal (Applications-Accessories-Terminal)
2. Open gedit by typing ?gedit&? on terminal(You can also use any other Text Editor application)
3. Type the following on gedit
(or any other text editor)
#include

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main()
{
printf("Hello World\n");
}
Save this file as

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?helloworld. C?
5. Type ?ls? on Terminal to see all files under current folder
6. Confirm that ?helloworld.c? is in the current directory.
If not, type cd DIRECTORY_PATH to go to the
directory that has ?helloworld.c?

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7. Type ?gcchelloworld.c? to compile, and type ?ls? to
confirm that a new executable file ?a.out? is created
8. Type ?./a.out? on Terminal to run the program

FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

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0 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

College o f Engineering

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?



DEPARTMENT OF

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COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
VII SEMESTER - R 2013

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Name : ______________________________________
Reg. No. : ______________________________________
Section : ______________________________________

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LABORATORY MANUAL


1 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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DHANALAKSHMI


is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and enterprising
professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and training.

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? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic Excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart and

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soul

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

To strive for acquiring, applying and imparting knowledge in Computer Science and Engineering through quality

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education and to provide enthusiastic professionals with commitment


? To produce highly competent and globally employable engineers in the field of Computer Science and
Engineering

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? To inculcate human values among the student community and make them realize their commitment to the society
? To exhibit excellence in pursuit of research and innovative products with a zeal to serve the society


VISION

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VISION
MISSION
MISSION

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2 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)
1. Fundamentals
To provide students with a solid foundation in Mathematics, Science and fundamentals of engineering, enabling

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them to apply, to find solutions for engineering problems and use this knowledge to acquire higher education
2. Core Competence
To train the students in Computer science and engineering technologies so that they apply their knowledge and
training to compare, and to analyze various engineering industrial problems to find solutions
3. Breadth

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To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice this enables them to
find solutions for the real time problems in industry, and to design products
4. Professionalism
To inculcate professional and effective communication skills, leadership qualities and team spirit in the students
to make them multi-faceted personalities and develop their ability to relate engineering issues to broader social

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context
5. Lifelong Learning/Ethics
To demonstrate and practice ethical and professional responsibilities in the industry and society in the large,
through commitment and lifelong learning needed for successful professional career

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4

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PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)
a) To demonstrate and apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Electronics and Communication Engineering field
b) To design a component, a system or a process to meet the specific needs within the realistic constraints
such as economics, environment, ethics, health, safety and manufacturability

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c) To demonstrate the competency to use software tools for computation, simulation and testing of electronics and
communication engineering circuits
d) To identify, formulate and solve electronic and communication engineering problems
e) To demonstrate an ability to visualize and work on laboratory and multidisciplinary tasks
f) To function as a member or a leader in multidisciplinary activities

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g) To communicate in verbal and written form with fellow engineers and society at large
h) To understand the impact of Electronics and Communication Engineering in the society and demonstrate awareness
of contemporary issues and commitment to give solutions exhibiting social responsibility
i) To demonstrate professional & ethical responsibilities
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning

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k) To participate and succeed in competitive exams

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5 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

SYLLABUS

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Learn the working of ARM processor
Understand the Building Blocks of Embedded Systems
Learn the concept of memory map and memory interface
Know the characteristics of Real Time Systems
Write programs to interface memory, I/Os with processor

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Study the interrupt performance
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
GRID COMPUTING LAB
Use Globus Toolkit or equivalent and do the following:
1. Develop a new Web Service for Calculator.

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2. Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service.
3. Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service.
4. Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs
5. Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus Toolkit.
6. Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it with and without

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GRAM concept.

CLOUD COMPUTING LAB
Use Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent to set up the cloud and demonstrate.
1. Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines

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COURSE OBJECTIVES


6 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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can be utilized at particular time.
2. Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even
after the release of the virtual machine.
3. Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program.
4. Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other.

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5. Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it.
6. Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster.
7. Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE.
8. Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it.
9. Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits.

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid.
? Design and Implement applications on the Cloud.
? Design network objects by applying the networking concepts.
? Create virtualization concept.
? Design web based applications.

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? Apply cloud tools for resource allocation.
? Apply grid tools for network translation.
? Design private cloud using open stack.
COURSE OUTCOMES

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7


CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
CONTENTS

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Sl. No. Name of the Experiment Page No.
CYCLE 1 ? EXPERIMENTS ( GRID COMPUTING)
1
Develop a new Web Service for Calculator 7
2

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Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service 16
3
Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service 19
4
Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs 22

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5
Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus
Toolkit
25
6

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Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it
with and without GRAM concept
27
CYCLE 2 ? EXPERIMENTS (CLOUD COMPUTING)
1

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Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how
many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
34
2
Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it

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holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
36
3 Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program 39
4
Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to

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the other
42
5 Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it 45
6 Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster 47
7 Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE

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ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS
1 Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it 52
2 Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks 55

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8 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO GRID COMPUTING


GRID TECHNOLOGY

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? Flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and
resource
? Grid architecture
? Defined using services and protocols
? Using the ?sand hourglass? model similar to the TCP/IP protocol stack

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"A computational grid is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides dependable, consistent, pervasive and
inexpensive access to high-end computational capabilities."
Grid computing makes it possible to dynamically share and coordinate dispersed, heterogeneous computing
resources. Flexibility and ubiquity are essential characteristics of Web services technologies such as WSDL (Web

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Services Description Language), SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), and UDDI (Universal Description,
Discovery, and Integration).
The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) combines technologies to unlock and exploit grid-attached resources.
OGSA defines mechanisms to create, manage, and exchange information between Grid Services, a special type of
Web service. The architecture uses WSDL extensively to describe the structure and behavior of a service. Service

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descriptions are located and discovered using Web Services Inspection Language (WSIL). By combining elements
from grid computing and Web services technologies, OGSA establishes an extensible and interoperable design and
development framework for Grid Services that includes details for service definition, discovery, and life-cycle
management.

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9 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


GLOBUS TOOLKIT

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The Globus Toolkit provides software tools to make it easier to build computational grids and grid-based
applications. The Globus Toolkit is both an open architecture and open source toolkit.

? The Globus Toolkit is a product of the Globus Alliance (http://www.globus.org)

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? It is middleware for developing grids
? The current release is 6.0.
? Four key protocols and APIs
? Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI)
? Grid Resource Allocation & Mgmt (GRAM)

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? Grid Resource Information Protocol (GRIP) and Index Information Protocol (GIIP)
? Grid File Transfer Protocol (GridFTP)
? Implementations on many platforms
? Resources, security systems, data models,
? Various collective layer protocols & tools

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? Info services, replica management, etc.
? A basis for many Grid-enabled tools & apps
FTP, SSH, Condor, SRB, MPI, EDG, GridPort,
GLOBUS TOOLKIT? COMPONENTS
? Security

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? GSI ? Grid Security Infrastructure
? Resource Management
? GRAM ? Grid Resource Allocation Manager
o globusrun
o RSL

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o gatekeeper
o job manager
o DUROC ? Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator
? Information Services
? MDS ? Monitoring and Discovery Service

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10 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

o GRIS ? Grid Resource Information Service

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o GIIS ? Grid Index Information Service
o MDS Client
? Data Management
o GridFTP, GASS
The Globus Toolkit latest version 6.0 includes:

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GSI: security
GridFTP: file transfer
GRAM: job execution/resource management
MyProxy: credential repository/certificate authority
GSI-OpenSSH: GSI secure single sign-on remote shell

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11 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

GLOBUS TOOLKIT INSTALLATION PROCEDURE

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Step1: For installing Globus Toolkit nothing more easy than download the latest package:
http://toolkit.globus.org/ftppub/gt6/installers/repo/globus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
sudodpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Step2: Update the repositories: sudo apt-get update
Step3: To install Debian or Ubuntu package, download the globus-toolkit-repo package

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from the link above and install it with the command:
root@sysa63:/home/#dpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Do the following for Debian-based systems:
root@sysa63:/home/#apt-get install globus-data-management-client

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12 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 01: DEVELOP A NEW WEB SERVICE FOR CALCULATOR

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Aim:
Develop a Web Service for new Calculator
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Our first web service is an extremely simple Math Web Service, which we'll refer to asMathService. It will
2. allow users to perform the following operations:
a. Addition

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b. Subtraction
3. Furthermore, MathService will have the following resource properties (RPs for short):
a. Value (integer)
b. Last operation performed (string)
4. We will also add a "Get Value" operation to access the Value RP. Once a new resource is created, the

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"value" RP is initialized to zero, and the "last operation" RP is initialized to "NONE". The parameter is
added/subtracted to the "value" RP, and the "last operation" RP is changed to "ADDITION" or
"SUBTRACTION" accordingly. Also, the addition and subtraction operations don't return anything.
5. Writing and deploying a WSRF Web Service is easier than you might think. You just have to follow five
simple steps.

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6. Define the service's interface. This is done with WSDL
7. Implement the service. This is done with Java.
8. Define the deployment parameters. This is done with WSDD and JNDI
9. Compile everything and generate a GAR file. This is done with Ant
10. Deploy service. This is also done with a GT4 tool

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Sample Code:

_instance"
xmlns ="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"

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xmlns:tns="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/examples/core/MathService_instance"
xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsrp="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-
ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.xsd" xmlns:wsrpw="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-

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13 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.wsdl"
xmlns:wsdlpp="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/2004/10/WSDLPreprocessor"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">

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Result:
Thus the program for developing web service for new calculator was successfully executed.

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14 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid by using Web Service for new Calculator
Applications:

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To make a calculator in Windows application using web service


1) What is Web Service?
2) What are the advantages of web services?

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3) What are the different types of web services?
4) What is SOAP?
5) What are the advantages of SOAP web services?
6) What are the disadvantages of SOAP web services?
7) What is WSDL?

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8) What is UDDI?
9) What are RESTful web services?
10) What are the advantages of RESTful web services?
11) What is the difference between SOAP and REST web services?
12) What is SOA service architecture?

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13) What tools are used to deploy web services?
14) What is Web Service architecture?
15) What are the advantages of web services in globus toolkit?
16) What are the different types of web services?
17) What is SOAP web services?

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18) What is UDP and TCP?
19) What is stateless SOA?
20) What is data balancing in WSDL?
Viva-voce

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15 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 02: DEVELOP NEW OGSA-COMPLIANT WEB SERVICE

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Aim:
To develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid Service using .NET language.
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

1. Developed by the Global Grid Forum
2. Aims to define a common, standard, open architecture for Grid Applications.

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3. Defines a set of rules that make up a grid service.
4. Sharing and Coordinated use of diverse resources in Dynamic VO's

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Result:
Thus the program for developing OGSA- Complaint web service was successfully executed.


16 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid

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Service using .NET language
Applications:
? Sharing of information among diverse components of large heterogenous grid systems
? WAN

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1. How would you decide what style of Web Service to use? SOAP WS or REST?
2. Does the service expose data or business logic?
3. Do consumers and the service providers require a formal contract?

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4. Do we need to support multiple data formats?
5. Do we need to make AJAX calls?
6. Is the call synchronous or asynchronous?
7. What level of security is required?
8. What level of transaction support is required?

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9. Do we have limited band width?
10. What tools do you use to test your Web Services?
11. What is the difference between SOA and a Web service?
12. What is a microservice architecture (aka MSA)?
13. What is data integrity?

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14. What is cloud infrastructure?


Viva-voce

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17 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 03: USING APACHE AXIS DEVELOP A GRID SERVICE

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Aim:
To develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Creating the New Level in the Package
2. Edit the Configuration Files
3. Modify the Service Code

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4. Modify the Client
5. Compile and Deploy
6. Starting the Container
7. Compile the Client
8. Run the Client

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18 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:
Addition was successful
Subtraction was successful
Multiplication was successful

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Division was successful
Current value: 20.

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Result:
Thus the program for Grid Service using Apache Axis was successfully executed.

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19 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Applications:
? To create web service in Java
? To work with Globus Tool kit standards web service

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1. What are the different application integration styles?
2. What is Grid Computing?
3. What is QOS?

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4. What are the derivatives of grid computing?
5. What are the features of data grids?
6. What is load balancing?
7. What is grid infrastructure?
8. Define ? Distributed Computing.

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9. Define ? OSGI.
10. Define ? OSGA.
11. What is the use of API?s in cloud services?
12. What is the difference between cloud and grid?
13. What is data communication?

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14. What are the elements of data communication?

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Viva-voce


20 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 04: DEVELOP APPLICATIONS USING JAVA OR C/C++ GRID
APIS
Aim:
To develop an application in Java using Grid APIs

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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1. Import all the necessary java packages and name the file as GridLayoutDemo.java
2. Set up components to preferred size
3. Add buttons to experiment with Grid Layout
4. Add controls to set up horizontal and vertical gaps
5. Process the Apply gaps button press

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6. Create the GUI
7. Create and set up the window,Set up the content pane and Display the Window
8. Schedule a job for the event dispatch thread
9. Show the application's GUI

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21 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:

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Figure 1: Horizontal, Left-to-Right Figure 2: Horizontal, Right-to-Left

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Result:
Thus the program to develop an application in java using Grid APIs was successfully executed.

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22 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Applications:
Used for defining a application programme interface for common distributes computing functionality

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1) Describe the two most important advantages of using Distributed/Grid Computing.
2) What is the main function of DNS?
3) Briefly outline two applications of Public Key systems.
4) Provide one major difference between synchronous and asynchronous communication.

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5) Provide one major difference between ASCII and Unicode encodings.
6) Provide two major differences between sequential computing and parallel computing.
7) Write the any three Grid Applications.
8) Give the examples of Hardware service provider.
9) Give the example of software application ASP.

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10) What are grid portals? Give example.
11) What are the high level services including in existing globus tool kit?
12) Name the components available in Nimrod architecture?
13) What are the major objectives of Euro grid project?
14) What is the application specific work packages identified for the Euro grid?

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15) Define dynamic accounting system.

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Viva-voce


23 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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EX.NO. 05: DEVELOP SECURED APPLICATIONS USING BASIC
SECURITY MECHANISMS AVAILABLE IN GLOBUS TOOLKIT.
Aim:
To develop a secured applications using a basic security mechanisms available in Globus toolkit
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
The Globus Toolkit incorporates multiple security components that establish the identity of users or services

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(authentication), protect communications, and determine who is allowed to perform what actions (authorization), as
well as manage user credentials.
? GSI C: The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and
certificate management.
? MyProxy: MyProxy is open source software for managing X.509 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) security

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credentials (certificates and private keys).
? GSI-OpenSSH: GSI-OpenSSH is a modified version of OpenSSH that adds support for X.509 proxy
certificate authentication and delegation, providing a single sign-on remote login and file transfer service.
The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and certificate
management. The authentication API is built using Public KeyInfrastructure (PKI) technologies, e.g. X.509

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Certificates and TLS. In addition to authentication it features a delegation mechanism based upon X.509 Proxy
Certificates. Authorization support takes the form of a couple of APIs. The first provides a generic authorization API
that allows callouts to perform access control based on the client's credentials (i.e. the X.509 certificate chain). The
second provides a simple access control list that maps authorized remote entities to local (system) user names. The
second mechanism also provides callouts that allow third parties to override the default behavior and is currently

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used in the Gatekeeper and GridFTP servers. In addition to the above there are various lower level APIs and tools
for managing, discovering and querying certificates.
Components for Grid Security
1. Basic Security Mechanisms
2. Components for Credential Generation

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3. Components for Credential Management


24 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Beyond verifying the identities of users and services, basic Grid security mechanisms leave access control decisions
to services. The Grid community has developed authorization and access control tools for storing and providing
access to system-wide authorization information and for creating a central data store for supporting decentralized
control mechanisms.
Basic Security Mechanisms

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? Pre-Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A non-Web services implementation of the Grid
Security Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI
mechanisms
? Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A Web services implementation of the Grid Security
Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI mechanisms

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Result:
Thus the program to develop a security application available in Globus toolkit was successfully executed.
Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a secured applications using a basic security
mechanisms available in Globus toolkit

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25 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Applications:
To provide easy acces to best breed open source network security

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1. What are the collective services available in grid computing?
2. What are the basic principles of autonomous computing?
3. What are the four essential characteristics of on demand business?
4. What are the essential capabilities provided by on demand business?

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5. What are the two most important technologies for building semantic webs?
6. Define Peer to Peer computing?
7. What is the combination of Globus GT3 toolkit?
8. What is a GT3 core?
9. What are the components available in service model?

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10. Define WS-Trust
11. Define WS ?Federation
12. Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
13. Who are the actors in CDC?
14. Mention the scenarios in CDC?

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15. What are the functional requirements of CDC on OGSA?

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Viva-voce


26 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 06: DEVELOP A GRID PORTAL, WHERE USER CAN SUBMIT
A JOB AND GET THE RESULT, IMPLEMENT IT WITH AND WITHOUT
GRAM CONCEPT.
Aim:
To develop a Grid portal and implement it with and without GRAM concept

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
Multiple times that the likely user interface to grid applications will be through portals, specifically Web portals. A grid
portal may be constructed as a Web page interface to provide easy access to grid applications. The Web user
interface provides user authentication, job submission, job monitoring, and results of the job.
Globus Resource Allocation Manager (GRAM)

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When a job is submitted by a client, the request is sent to the remote host and handled by a gatekeeper daemon.
The gatekeeper creates a job manager to start and monitor the job. When the job is finished, the job manager
sends the status information back to the client and terminates.
The GRAM subsystem consists of the following elements:
? The globusrun command and associated APIs Resource Specification Language (RSL)

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? The gatekeeper daemon The job manager Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator (DUROC)
Each of these elements are described briefly below.
The globusrun command
The globusrun command (or its equivalent API) submits a job to a resource within the grid. This command
is typically passed an RSL string (see below) that specifies parameters and other properties required to successfully

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launch and run the job


27 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Resource Specification Language (RSL)
RSL is a language used by clients to specify the job to be run. All job submission requests are described in an RSL
string that includes information such as the executable file; its parameters; information about redirection of stdin,
stdout, and stderr; and so on. Basically it provides a standard way of specifying all of the information required to
execute a job, independent of the target environment. It is then the responsibility of the job manager on the target

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system to parse the information and launch the job in the appropriate way.
The syntax of RSL is very straightforward. Each statement is enclosed within parenthesis. Comments are
designated with parenthesis and asterisks, for example, (* this is a comment *). Supported attributes include the
following:
rsl_substitution: Defines variables

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executable: The script or command to be run
arguments: Information or flags to be passed to the executable
stdin: Specifies the remote URL and local file used for the executable stdout: Specifies the remote file to place
standard output from the job stderr: Specifies the remote file to place standard error from the job queue: Specifies the
queue to submit the job (requires a scheduler) count: Specifies the number of executions

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directory: Specifies the directory to run the job
project: Specifies a project account for the job (requires a scheduler) dryRun: Verifies the RSL string but
does not run the job
maxMemory: Specifies the maximum amount of memory in MBs required for the job
minMemory: Specifies the minimum amount of memory in MBs required for the job

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hostCount: Specifies the number of nodes in a cluster required for the job environment: Specifies environment
variables that are required for the job
jobType: Specifies the type of job single process, multi-process, mpi, or condor
maxTime: Specifies the maximum execution wall or cpu time for one execution
maxWallTime: Specifies the maximum walltime for one execution maxCpuTime: Specifies the maximum

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cpu time for one execution
gramMyjob: Specifies the whether the gram myjob interface starts one process/thread (independent) or more
(collective)

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Result:
Thus the program to develop Grid Portal was successfully executed.

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29 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid portal and implement it with and
without GRAM concept
Application:
? It is useful and necessary for interfaces for the performance of operations on the Grid. The Grid

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Portal Development Kit (GPDK) facilitates the development of Grid portals and provides several key
reusable components for accessing various Grid services.
? A Grid Portal provides a customizable interface allowing scientists to perform a variety of Grid
operations including remote program submission, file staging, and querying of information services
from a single, secure gateway.

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? The Grid Portal Development Kit leverages off existing Globus/Grid middleware infrastructure as
well as commodity web technology including Java Server Pages and servlets .

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1) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?
2) What are the major goals of OGSA?
3) What are the more specific goals of OGSA?
4) What are the main purposes of use case defined by OGSA?
5) Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?

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6) What are the layers available in OGSA architectural organizations?
7) What are the OGSA basic services?
8) What are the two aspects involved in GRAM?
9) What are the two kinds of lifecycle model associated with state data recovery?
10) What is a GT3 core?

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11) What are the major components of default server side framework?
12) What is Grid container?
13) What are the two levels of security available in GT3?
14) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?
15) What are the two different message-level authentication mechanisms provided by GT3 framework?

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16) What are the most common GT3 security handlers?
Viva-voce


30 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO CLOUD COMPUTING

What is cloud computing?
Cloud computing means that instead of all the computer hardware and software you're using sitting on your

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desktop, or somewhere inside your company's network, it's provided for you as a service by another company and
accessed over the Internet, usually in a completely seamless way. Exactly where the hardware and software is
located and how it all works doesn't matter to you, the user?it's just somewhere up in the nebulous "cloud" that the
Internet represents.
Cloud computing is a buzzword that means different things to different people. For some, it's just another way of

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describing IT (information technology) "outsourcing"; others use it to mean any computing service provided over the
Internet or a similar network; and some define it as any bought-in computer service you use that sits outside your
firewall.
Types of cloud computing
IT people talk about three different kinds of cloud computing, where different services are being provided for you.

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Note that there's a certain amount of vagueness about how these things are defined and some overlap between
them.
? Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) means you're buying access to raw computing hardware over the Net,
such as servers or storage. Since you buy what you need and pay-as-you-go, this is often referred to as
utility computing. Ordinary web hosting is a simple example of IaaS: you pay a monthly subscription or a

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per-megabyte/gigabyte fee to have a hosting company serve up files for your website from their servers.
? Software as a Service (SaaS) means you use a complete application running on someone else's system.
Web-based email and Google Documents are perhaps the best-known examples. Zoho is another well-
known SaaS provider offering a variety of office applications online.
? Platform as a Service (PaaS) means you develop applications using Web-based tools so they run on

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systems software and hardware provided by another company. So, for example, you might develop your
own ecommerce website but have the whole thing, including the shopping cart, checkout, and payment
mechanism running on a merchant's server. App Cloud (from salesforce.com) and the Google App Engine
are examples of PaaS.
Advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing

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Advantages
The pros of cloud computing are obvious and compelling. If your business is selling books or repairing shoes,
why get involved in the nitty gritty of buying and maintaining a complex computer system? If you run an insurance
office, do you really want your sales agents wasting time running anti-virus software, upgrading word-processors, or
worrying about hard-drive crashes? Do you really want them cluttering your expensive computers with their personal

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emails, illegally shared MP3 files, and naughty YouTube videos?when you could leave that responsibility to

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someone else? Cloud computing allows you to buy in only the services you want, when you want them, cutting the
upfront capital costs of computers and peripherals. You avoid equipment going out of date and other familiar IT
problems like ensuring system security and reliability. You can add extra services (or take them away) at a moment's
notice as your business needs change. It's really quick and easy to add new applications or services to your
business without waiting weeks or months for the new computer (and its software) to arrive.

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Drawbacks
Instant convenience comes at a price. Instead of purchasing computers and software, cloud computing means you
buy services, so one-off, upfront capital costs become ongoing operating costs instead. That might work out much
more expensive in the long-term.
If you're using software as a service (for example, writing a report using an online word processor or sending emails

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through webmail), you need a reliable, high-speed, broadband Internet connection functioning the whole time you're
working. That's something we take for granted in countries such as the United States, but it's much more of an issue
in developing countries or rural areas where broadband is unavailable.
An Introduction to Cloud Computing with OpenNebula
An OpenNebula Private Cloud provides infrastructure users with an elastic platform for fast delivery and scalability of

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services to meet dynamic demands of service end-users. Services are hosted in VMs, and then submitted,
monitored and controlled in the Cloud by using Sunstone or any of the OpenNebula interfaces:
? Command Line Interface (CLI)
? XML-RPC API
? OpenNebulaRuby and Java Cloud APIs

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The aim of a Private Cloud is not to expose to the world a cloud interface to sell capacity over the Internet, but to
provide local cloud users and administrators with a flexible and agile private infrastructure to run virtualized service
workloads within the administrative domain. OpenNebula virtual infrastructure interfaces expose user and
administrator functionality for virtualization, networking, image and physical resource configuration, management,
monitoring and accounting.

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Expt.No.1: FIND PROCEDURE TO RUN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE OF

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DIFFERENT CONFIGURATION. CHECK HOW MANY VIRTUAL
MACHINES CAN BE UTILIZED AT PARTICULAR TIME.

Aim:
To Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be

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utilized at particular time
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:

Creating Virtual Machines
In OpenNebula the Virtual Machines are defined with Template files. The Template Repository system allows
OpenNebula administrators and users to register Virtual Machine definitions in the system, to be instantiated later as

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Virtual Machine instances. These Templates can be instantiated several times, and also shared with other users.
Virtual Machine Model
A Virtual Machine within the OpenNebula system consists of:
? A capacity in terms memory and CPU
? A set of NICs attached to one or more virtual networks

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? A set of disk images
? A state file (optional) or recovery file, that contains the memory image of a running VM plus some hypervisor
specific information.
The above items, plus some additional VM attributes like the OS kernel and context information to be used inside the
VM, are specified in a template file.

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Defining a VM in 3 Steps
Virtual Machines are defined in an OpenNebula Template. Templates are stored in a repository to easily browse and
instantiate VMs from them. To create a new Template you have to define 3 things

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? Capacity & Name, how big will the VM be?
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
NAME Name that the VM will get for description purposes. Yes one-

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MEMORY Amount of RAM required for the VM, in Megabytes. Yes
CPU CPU ratio (e..g half a physical CPU is 0.5). Yes
VCPU Number of virtual cpus. No 1
Disks. Each disk is defined with a DISK attribute. A VM can use three types of disk:
? Use a persistent Image changes to the disk image will persist after the VM is shutdown.

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? Use a non-persistent Image images are cloned, changes to the image will be lost.
? Volatile disks are created on the fly on the target host. After the VM is shutdown the disk is disposed.

Persistent and Clone Disks
Attribute Description Mandatory Default

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IMAGE_ID and IMAGE The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes
IMAGE_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No self
IMAGE_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No self
Volatile
Attribute Description Mandatory Default

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TYPE
Type of the disk: swap, fs. swap type will set the label to swap so it is
easier to mount and the context packages will automatically mount it.
Yes
SIZE size in MB Yes

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FORMAT
filesystem for fs images: ext2, ext3, etc. raw will not format the image. For
VMs to run on vmfs or vmwareshared configurations, the valid values are:
Yes

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Attribute Description Mandatory Default
vmdk_thin, vmdk_zeroedthick, vmdk_eagerzeroedthick

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Network Interfaces. Each network interface of a VM is defined with the NIC attribute.
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
NETWORK_ID and NETWORK The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes
NETWORK_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No Self

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NETWORK_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No Self

The following example shows a VM Template file with a couple of disks and a network interface, also a VNC section
was added.
NAME = test-vm

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MEMORY = 128
CPU = 1

DISK = [ IMAGE = "Arch Linux" ]
DISK = [ TYPE = swap,

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SIZE = 1024 ]

NIC = [ NETWORK = "Public", NETWORK_UNAME="oneadmin" ]

GRAPHICS = [

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TYPE = "vnc",
LISTEN = "0.0.0.0"]
Simple templates can be also created using the command line instead of creating a template file. The parameters to
do this for onetemplate are:

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Parameter

Description
--namename Name for the VM
--cpucpu CPU percentage reserved for the VM (1=100% one CPU)

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Parameter

Description
--vcpuvcpu Number of virtualized CPUs
--archarch Architecture of the VM, e.g.: i386 or x86_64

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--memorymemory Memory ammount given to the VM
--diskdisk0,disk1 Disks to attach. To use a disk owned by other user use user[disk]
--nicvnet0,vnet1 Networks to attach. To use a network owned by other user use user[network]
--rawstring
Raw string to add to the template. Not to be confused with the RAW attribute. If you want

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to provide more than one element, just include an enter inside quotes, instead of using
more than one -raw option
--vnc Add VNC server to the VM
--ssh[file]
Add an ssh public key to the context. If the file is omited then the user variable

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SSH_PUBLIC_KEY will be used.
--net_context Add network contextualization parameters
--contextline1,line2 * Lines to add to the context section
--bootdevice Select boot device (hd, fd, cdrom or network)
A similar template as the previous example can be created with the following command:

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$ onetemplate create --name test-vm --memory 128 --cpu 1 --disk "Arch Linux" --nic Public
Managing Virtual Machines
Assuming we have a VM Template registered called vm-example with ID 6, then we can instantiate the VM issuing
a:
$ onetemplate list

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ID USER GROUP NAME REGTIME
6 oneadminoneadminvm_example 09/28 06:44:07

$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm

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VM ID: 0

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If the template has USER INPUTSdefined the CLI will prompt the user for these values:
$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm

There are some parameters that require user input.

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* (BLOG_TITLE) Blog Title:
* (DB_PASSWORD) Database Password:
VM ID: 0
Afterwards, the VM can be listed with the onevmlist command. You can also use the onevmtop command to list VMs
continuously.

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$ onevm list

ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME
0 oneadminoneadminmy_vm pend 0 0K 00 00:00:03
After a Scheduling cycle, the VM will be automatically deployed. But the deployment can also be forced by oneadmin

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using onevmdeploy:
$ onehost list

ID NAME RVM TCPU FCPU ACPU TMEM FMEM AMEM STAT
2 testbed 0 800 800 800 16G 16G16G on

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$ onevm deploy 0 2

$ onevm list

ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME

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0 oneadminoneadminmy_vmrunn 0 0K testbed 00 00:02:40

$ onevm show 0
VIRTUAL MACHINE 0 INFORMATION
ID :0

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NAME : my_vm
USER : oneadmin
GROUP : oneadmin

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37 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

STATE : ACTIVE
LCM_STATE : RUNNING
START TIME : 04/14 09:00:24

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END TIME : -
DEPLOY ID: : one-0
PERMISSIONS
OWNER : um-
GROUP : ---

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OTHER : ---
VIRTUAL MACHINE MONITORING
NET_TX : 13.05
NET_RX : 0
USED MEMORY : 512

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USED CPU : 0
VIRTUAL MACHINE TEMPLATE
VIRTUAL MACHINE HISTORY

SEQ HOSTNAME REASON START TIME PTIME

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0 testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00
testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00

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38 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to run virtual machines on different configuration was successfully executed & its utilization time is

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checked in various machines.


39 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find procedure to run the virtual machine of different
Configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time

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Applications:
? An advantage of virtualizing the workload?s I/O path enables hardware independence by
abstracting vendor specific drivers to more generalized versions that run on the hypervisor.
? It allows the live migration, which is one of virtualization?s greatest availability strengths
? The sharing of aggregate resources, such as network paths

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1. What is cloud computing?
2. What are the benefits of cloud computing?

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3. What are the different data types used in cloud computing?
4. What are the different layers in cloud computing?
5. What do you mean by software as a service?
6. What is on-demand functionality? How is it provided in cloud computing?
7. What are the platforms used for large scale cloud computing?

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8. What are the different models for deployment in cloud computing?
9. What is the difference between cloud computing and mobile computing?
10. What are the open source cloud computing platform databases?
11. What is the difference between cloud and traditional datacenters?
12. Why API's is used in cloud services?

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13. What are the different datacenters in cloud computing?
14. Define API in data virtualization?
15. List of API in cloud?
Viva-voce

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40 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No.02: FIND PROCEDURE TO ATTACH VIRTUAL BLOCK TO
THE VIRTUAL MACHINE AND CHECK WHETHER IT HOLDS THE

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DATA EVEN AFTER THE RELEASE OF THE VIRTUAL MACHINE.
Aim:
To find a procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even after the
release of the virtual machine

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
VirtualBox uses a special kernel module called vboxdrv to perform physical memory allocation and to gain control of
the processor for guest system execution. Without this kernel module, you can still use the VirtualBox manager to
configure virtual machines, but they will not start. In addition, there are the network kernel modules vboxnetflt and

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vboxnetadp which are required for the more advanced networking features of VirtualBox.
The VirtualBox kernel module is automatically installed on your system when you install VirtualBox. To
maintain it with future kernel updates, for those Linux distributions which provide it -- most current ones -- we
recommend installing Dynamic Kernel Module Support (DKMS). This framework helps with building and upgrading
kernel modules.

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If DKMS is not already installed, execute one of the following:
On an Ubuntu system:
sudo apt-get install dkms
If DKMS is available and installed, the VirtualBox kernel module should always work automatically, and it will be
automatically rebuilt if your host kernel is updated.

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Otherwise, there are only two situations in which you will need to worry about the kernel module:
1. The original installation fails. This probably means that your Linux system is not prepared for building
external kernel modules.

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41 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Most Linux distributions can be set up simply by installing the right packages - normally, these will be the
GNU compiler (GCC), GNU Make (make) and packages containing header files for your kernel - and making
sure that all system updates are installed and that the system is running the most up-to-date kernel included

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in the distribution. The version numbers of the header file packages must be the same as that of the kernel
you are using.
? With Debian and Ubuntu releases, you must install the right version of the linux-headers and if it exists
the linux-kbuild package. Current Ubuntu releases should have the right packages installed by default.
? In even older Debian and Ubuntu releases, you must install the right version of the kernel-headers

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package.
? On Fedora and Redhat systems, the package is kernel-devel.
? On SUSE and openSUSE Linux, you must install the right versions of the kernel-source and kernel-syms
packages.
? If you have built your own kernel, you will need to make sure that you also installed all the required

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header and other files for building external modules to the right locations. The details of how to do
this will depend on how you built your kernel, and if you are unsure you should consult the
documentation which you followed to do so.
2. The kernel of your Linux host was updated and DKMS is not installed. In that case, the kernel module will
need to be reinstalled by executing (as root):

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rcvboxdrv setup
Performing the installation
VirtualBox is available in a number of package formats native to various common Linux distributions. In addition,
there is an alternative generic installer (.run) which should work on most Linux distributions.
Installing VirtualBox from a Debian/Ubuntu package

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First, download the appropriate package for your distribution. The following examples assume that you are installing
to a 32-bit Ubuntu Wily system. Use dpkg to install the Debian package:
sudodpkg -i virtualbox-5.0_5.0.20_Ubuntu_wily_i386.deb
The installer will also try to build kernel modules suitable for the current running kernel. If the build process is not
successful you will be shown a warning and the package will be left unconfigured. Please have a look at /var/log/vbox-

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install.log to find out why the compilation failed. You may have to install the appropriate Linux kernel After correcting
any problems, do


42 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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sudorcvboxdrv setup
This will start a second attempt to build the module.
If a suitable kernel module was found in the package or the module was successfully built, the installation script will
attempt to load that module.

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Once VirtualBox has been successfully installed and configured, you can start it by selecting "VirtualBox" in your
start menu or from the command line.
Using the alternative installer (VirtualBox.run)
The alternative installer performs the following steps:
? It unpacks the application files to the target directory,

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/opt/VirtualBox/
which cannot be changed.
? It builds the VirtualBox kernel modules (vboxdrv, vboxnetflt and vboxnetadp) and installs them.
? It creates /sbin/rcvboxdrv, an init script to start the VirtualBox kernel module.
? It creates a new system group called vboxusers.

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? It creates symbolic links in /usr/bin to the a shell script (/opt/VirtualBox/VBox) which does some sanity checks
and dispatches to the actual executables, VirtualBox, VBoxSDL, VBoxVRDP, VBoxHeadless and VBoxManage
? It creates /etc/udev/rules.d/60-vboxdrv.rules, a description file for udev, if that is present, which makes the USB
devices accessible to all users in the vboxusers group.
? It writes the installation directory to /etc/vbox/vbox.cfg.

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The installer must be executed as root with either install or uninstall as the first parameter.
sudo ./VirtualBox.run install
Or if you do not have the "sudo" command available, run the following as root instead:
./VirtualBox.run install

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43 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

After that you need to put every user which should be able to access USB devices from VirtualBox guests in the
group vboxusers, either through the GUI user management tools or by running the following command as root:

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sudousermod -a -G vboxusers username
Performing a manual installation
If, for any reason, you cannot use the shell script installer described previously, you can also perform a manual
installation. Invoke the installer like this:
./VirtualBox.run --keep --noexec

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This will unpack all the files needed for installation in the directory install under the current directory. The VirtualBox
application files are contained in VirtualBox.tar.bz2 which you can unpack to any directory on your system. For
example:
sudomkdir /opt/VirtualBox
sudo tar jxf ./install/VirtualBox.tar.bz2 -C /opt/VirtualBox

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or as root:
mkdir /opt/VirtualBox
tarjxf ./install/VirtualBox.tar.bz2 -C /opt/VirtualBox
The sources for VirtualBox's kernel module are provided in the src directory. To build the module, change to the
directory and issuemake

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If everything builds correctly, issue the following command to install the module to the appropriate module directory:
sudo make install
In case you do not have sudo, switch the user account to root and performmake install
The VirtualBox kernel module needs a device node to operate. The above make command will tell you how to create
the device node, depending on your Linux system. The procedure is slightly different for a classical Linux setup with

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a /dev directory, a system with the now deprecated devfs and a modern Linux system with udev.
Note that the /dev/vboxdrv kernel module device node must be owned by root:root and must be read/writable only for
the user.Next, you will have to install the system initialization script for the kernel module:
cp /opt/VirtualBox/vboxdrv.sh /sbin/rcvboxdrv
mkdir /etc/vbox

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echo INSTALL_DIR=/opt/VirtualBox> /etc/vbox/vbox.cfg


44 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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and, for convenience, create the following symbolic links:
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VirtualBox
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxManage
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxHeadless
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxSDL

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Sample Output:

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Result:
Thus the program to attach virtual block to virtual machine was successfully executed & checked whether it holds the
data after the release of the virtual machine.

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45 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find a procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual
machine and check whether it holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
Application:

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? To support the Cloud Computing with the Virtual Block Store System. The fast development of cloud
computing systems stimulates the needs for a standalone block storage system to provide persistent
block storage services to virtual machines maintained by clouds.

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1. What is Type-1 and Type-2 hypervisor?
2. What is the use of virsh command?
3. Explain how you can transfer volume from one owner to another in Open Stack?
4. Discuss about KVM Features?

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5. What is Virtual block?
6. What is Virtualization?
7. What are virtual clusters?
8. How virtualization happens in data center?
9. List some of the open source grid middleware packages.

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10. What is a programming model?
11. What is Hadoop?
12. What are map and reduce functions?
13. How to run a job in hadoop?
14. What is HDFS?

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15. What are the open source grid middleware packages?
16. What is peer to peer computing?
17. What are node clusters?
18. How virtual migration happens in data center?
Viva-voce

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46 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No.03: INSTALL A C COMPILER IN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE AND

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EXECUTE A SAMPLE PROGRAM.
Aim:
To Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Create a VM and Install any OS on it.
2.Install a C compiler on OS

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3.Open a Editor and type the sample program and Save.
4.Compile and run the Program
Example:
C programming on Linux based Environement

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1. Open Terminal (Applications-Accessories-Terminal)
2. Open gedit by typing ?gedit&? on terminal(You can also use any other Text Editor application)
3. Type the following on gedit
(or any other text editor)
#include

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main()
{
printf("Hello World\n");
}
Save this file as

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?helloworld. C?
5. Type ?ls? on Terminal to see all files under current folder
6. Confirm that ?helloworld.c? is in the current directory.
If not, type cd DIRECTORY_PATH to go to the
directory that has ?helloworld.c?

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7. Type ?gcchelloworld.c? to compile, and type ?ls? to
confirm that a new executable file ?a.out? is created
8. Type ?./a.out? on Terminal to run the program

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47 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to install a C complier is done and the sample program was executed successfully.
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

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0 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

College o f Engineering
?

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DEPARTMENT OF
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

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CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
VII SEMESTER - R 2013

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Name : ______________________________________
Reg. No. : ______________________________________
Section : ______________________________________
LABORATORY MANUAL

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1 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

DHANALAKSHMI

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is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and enterprising
professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and training.

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? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic Excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart and
soul

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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

To strive for acquiring, applying and imparting knowledge in Computer Science and Engineering through quality
education and to provide enthusiastic professionals with commitment

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? To produce highly competent and globally employable engineers in the field of Computer Science and
Engineering
? To inculcate human values among the student community and make them realize their commitment to the society

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? To exhibit excellence in pursuit of research and innovative products with a zeal to serve the society


VISION
VISION

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MISSION
MISSION


2 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)
1. Fundamentals
To provide students with a solid foundation in Mathematics, Science and fundamentals of engineering, enabling
them to apply, to find solutions for engineering problems and use this knowledge to acquire higher education

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2. Core Competence
To train the students in Computer science and engineering technologies so that they apply their knowledge and
training to compare, and to analyze various engineering industrial problems to find solutions
3. Breadth
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice this enables them to

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find solutions for the real time problems in industry, and to design products
4. Professionalism
To inculcate professional and effective communication skills, leadership qualities and team spirit in the students
to make them multi-faceted personalities and develop their ability to relate engineering issues to broader social
context

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5. Lifelong Learning/Ethics
To demonstrate and practice ethical and professional responsibilities in the industry and society in the large,
through commitment and lifelong learning needed for successful professional career

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4


PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)

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a) To demonstrate and apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Electronics and Communication Engineering field
b) To design a component, a system or a process to meet the specific needs within the realistic constraints
such as economics, environment, ethics, health, safety and manufacturability
c) To demonstrate the competency to use software tools for computation, simulation and testing of electronics and

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communication engineering circuits
d) To identify, formulate and solve electronic and communication engineering problems
e) To demonstrate an ability to visualize and work on laboratory and multidisciplinary tasks
f) To function as a member or a leader in multidisciplinary activities
g) To communicate in verbal and written form with fellow engineers and society at large

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h) To understand the impact of Electronics and Communication Engineering in the society and demonstrate awareness
of contemporary issues and commitment to give solutions exhibiting social responsibility
i) To demonstrate professional & ethical responsibilities
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To participate and succeed in competitive exams

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5 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

SYLLABUS
Learn the working of ARM processor

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Understand the Building Blocks of Embedded Systems
Learn the concept of memory map and memory interface
Know the characteristics of Real Time Systems
Write programs to interface memory, I/Os with processor
Study the interrupt performance

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LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
GRID COMPUTING LAB
Use Globus Toolkit or equivalent and do the following:
1. Develop a new Web Service for Calculator.
2. Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service.

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3. Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service.
4. Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs
5. Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus Toolkit.
6. Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it with and without
GRAM concept.

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CLOUD COMPUTING LAB
Use Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent to set up the cloud and demonstrate.
1. Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines
COURSE OBJECTIVES

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6 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

can be utilized at particular time.

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2. Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even
after the release of the virtual machine.
3. Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program.
4. Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other.
5. Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it.

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6. Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster.
7. Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE.
8. Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it.
9. Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits.
? Design and implement applications on the Grid.

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? Design and Implement applications on the Cloud.
? Design network objects by applying the networking concepts.
? Create virtualization concept.
? Design web based applications.
? Apply cloud tools for resource allocation.

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? Apply grid tools for network translation.
? Design private cloud using open stack.
COURSE OUTCOMES

7

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CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
CONTENTS
Sl. No. Name of the Experiment Page No.

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CYCLE 1 ? EXPERIMENTS ( GRID COMPUTING)
1
Develop a new Web Service for Calculator 7
2
Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service 16

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3
Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service 19
4
Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs 22
5

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Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus
Toolkit
25
6
Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it

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with and without GRAM concept
27
CYCLE 2 ? EXPERIMENTS (CLOUD COMPUTING)
1
Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how

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many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
34
2
Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it
holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine

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36
3 Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program 39
4
Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to
the other

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42
5 Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it 45
6 Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster 47
7 Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE
ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS

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1 Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it 52
2 Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks 55

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8 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO GRID COMPUTING

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GRID TECHNOLOGY

? Flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and

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resource
? Grid architecture
? Defined using services and protocols
? Using the ?sand hourglass? model similar to the TCP/IP protocol stack

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"A computational grid is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides dependable, consistent, pervasive and
inexpensive access to high-end computational capabilities."
Grid computing makes it possible to dynamically share and coordinate dispersed, heterogeneous computing
resources. Flexibility and ubiquity are essential characteristics of Web services technologies such as WSDL (Web
Services Description Language), SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), and UDDI (Universal Description,

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Discovery, and Integration).
The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) combines technologies to unlock and exploit grid-attached resources.
OGSA defines mechanisms to create, manage, and exchange information between Grid Services, a special type of
Web service. The architecture uses WSDL extensively to describe the structure and behavior of a service. Service
descriptions are located and discovered using Web Services Inspection Language (WSIL). By combining elements

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from grid computing and Web services technologies, OGSA establishes an extensible and interoperable design and
development framework for Grid Services that includes details for service definition, discovery, and life-cycle
management.

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9 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


GLOBUS TOOLKIT

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The Globus Toolkit provides software tools to make it easier to build computational grids and grid-based
applications. The Globus Toolkit is both an open architecture and open source toolkit.

? The Globus Toolkit is a product of the Globus Alliance (http://www.globus.org)
? It is middleware for developing grids

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? The current release is 6.0.
? Four key protocols and APIs
? Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI)
? Grid Resource Allocation & Mgmt (GRAM)
? Grid Resource Information Protocol (GRIP) and Index Information Protocol (GIIP)

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? Grid File Transfer Protocol (GridFTP)
? Implementations on many platforms
? Resources, security systems, data models,
? Various collective layer protocols & tools
? Info services, replica management, etc.

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? A basis for many Grid-enabled tools & apps
FTP, SSH, Condor, SRB, MPI, EDG, GridPort,
GLOBUS TOOLKIT? COMPONENTS
? Security
? GSI ? Grid Security Infrastructure

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? Resource Management
? GRAM ? Grid Resource Allocation Manager
o globusrun
o RSL
o gatekeeper

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o job manager
o DUROC ? Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator
? Information Services
? MDS ? Monitoring and Discovery Service

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10 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

o GRIS ? Grid Resource Information Service
o GIIS ? Grid Index Information Service

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o MDS Client
? Data Management
o GridFTP, GASS
The Globus Toolkit latest version 6.0 includes:
GSI: security

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GridFTP: file transfer
GRAM: job execution/resource management
MyProxy: credential repository/certificate authority
GSI-OpenSSH: GSI secure single sign-on remote shell

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11 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

GLOBUS TOOLKIT INSTALLATION PROCEDURE
Step1: For installing Globus Toolkit nothing more easy than download the latest package:

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http://toolkit.globus.org/ftppub/gt6/installers/repo/globus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
sudodpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Step2: Update the repositories: sudo apt-get update
Step3: To install Debian or Ubuntu package, download the globus-toolkit-repo package
from the link above and install it with the command:

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root@sysa63:/home/#dpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Do the following for Debian-based systems:
root@sysa63:/home/#apt-get install globus-data-management-client

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12 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 01: DEVELOP A NEW WEB SERVICE FOR CALCULATOR

Aim:

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Develop a Web Service for new Calculator
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
1. Our first web service is an extremely simple Math Web Service, which we'll refer to asMathService. It will
2. allow users to perform the following operations:
a. Addition
b. Subtraction

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3. Furthermore, MathService will have the following resource properties (RPs for short):
a. Value (integer)
b. Last operation performed (string)
4. We will also add a "Get Value" operation to access the Value RP. Once a new resource is created, the
"value" RP is initialized to zero, and the "last operation" RP is initialized to "NONE". The parameter is

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added/subtracted to the "value" RP, and the "last operation" RP is changed to "ADDITION" or
"SUBTRACTION" accordingly. Also, the addition and subtraction operations don't return anything.
5. Writing and deploying a WSRF Web Service is easier than you might think. You just have to follow five
simple steps.
6. Define the service's interface. This is done with WSDL

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7. Implement the service. This is done with Java.
8. Define the deployment parameters. This is done with WSDD and JNDI
9. Compile everything and generate a GAR file. This is done with Ant
10. Deploy service. This is also done with a GT4 tool

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Sample Code:

_instance"
xmlns ="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"
xmlns:tns="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/examples/core/MathService_instance"

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xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsrp="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-
ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.xsd" xmlns:wsrpw="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-


13 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.wsdl"
xmlns:wsdlpp="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/2004/10/WSDLPreprocessor"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">

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Result:
Thus the program for developing web service for new calculator was successfully executed.

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14 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid by using Web Service for new Calculator
Applications:
To make a calculator in Windows application using web service

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1) What is Web Service?
2) What are the advantages of web services?
3) What are the different types of web services?

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4) What is SOAP?
5) What are the advantages of SOAP web services?
6) What are the disadvantages of SOAP web services?
7) What is WSDL?
8) What is UDDI?

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9) What are RESTful web services?
10) What are the advantages of RESTful web services?
11) What is the difference between SOAP and REST web services?
12) What is SOA service architecture?
13) What tools are used to deploy web services?

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14) What is Web Service architecture?
15) What are the advantages of web services in globus toolkit?
16) What are the different types of web services?
17) What is SOAP web services?
18) What is UDP and TCP?

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19) What is stateless SOA?
20) What is data balancing in WSDL?
Viva-voce

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15 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 02: DEVELOP NEW OGSA-COMPLIANT WEB SERVICE

Aim:

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To develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid Service using .NET language.
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:

1. Developed by the Global Grid Forum
2. Aims to define a common, standard, open architecture for Grid Applications.
3. Defines a set of rules that make up a grid service.

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4. Sharing and Coordinated use of diverse resources in Dynamic VO's

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Result:

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Thus the program for developing OGSA- Complaint web service was successfully executed.


16 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid
Service using .NET language

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Applications:
? Sharing of information among diverse components of large heterogenous grid systems
? WAN

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1. How would you decide what style of Web Service to use? SOAP WS or REST?
2. Does the service expose data or business logic?
3. Do consumers and the service providers require a formal contract?
4. Do we need to support multiple data formats?

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5. Do we need to make AJAX calls?
6. Is the call synchronous or asynchronous?
7. What level of security is required?
8. What level of transaction support is required?
9. Do we have limited band width?

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10. What tools do you use to test your Web Services?
11. What is the difference between SOA and a Web service?
12. What is a microservice architecture (aka MSA)?
13. What is data integrity?
14. What is cloud infrastructure?

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Viva-voce

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17 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 03: USING APACHE AXIS DEVELOP A GRID SERVICE

Aim:

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To develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
1. Creating the New Level in the Package
2. Edit the Configuration Files
3. Modify the Service Code
4. Modify the Client

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5. Compile and Deploy
6. Starting the Container
7. Compile the Client
8. Run the Client

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18 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:
Addition was successful
Subtraction was successful
Multiplication was successful
Division was successful

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Current value: 20.

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Result:
Thus the program for Grid Service using Apache Axis was successfully executed.

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19 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Applications:
? To create web service in Java
? To work with Globus Tool kit standards web service

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1. What are the different application integration styles?
2. What is Grid Computing?
3. What is QOS?
4. What are the derivatives of grid computing?

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5. What are the features of data grids?
6. What is load balancing?
7. What is grid infrastructure?
8. Define ? Distributed Computing.
9. Define ? OSGI.

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10. Define ? OSGA.
11. What is the use of API?s in cloud services?
12. What is the difference between cloud and grid?
13. What is data communication?
14. What are the elements of data communication?

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Viva-voce


20 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 04: DEVELOP APPLICATIONS USING JAVA OR C/C++ GRID
APIS
Aim:
To develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Import all the necessary java packages and name the file as GridLayoutDemo.java

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2. Set up components to preferred size
3. Add buttons to experiment with Grid Layout
4. Add controls to set up horizontal and vertical gaps
5. Process the Apply gaps button press
6. Create the GUI

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7. Create and set up the window,Set up the content pane and Display the Window
8. Schedule a job for the event dispatch thread
9. Show the application's GUI

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21 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:

Figure 1: Horizontal, Left-to-Right Figure 2: Horizontal, Right-to-Left

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Result:
Thus the program to develop an application in java using Grid APIs was successfully executed.


22 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop an application in Java using Grid APIs

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Applications:
Used for defining a application programme interface for common distributes computing functionality

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1) Describe the two most important advantages of using Distributed/Grid Computing.
2) What is the main function of DNS?
3) Briefly outline two applications of Public Key systems.
4) Provide one major difference between synchronous and asynchronous communication.
5) Provide one major difference between ASCII and Unicode encodings.

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6) Provide two major differences between sequential computing and parallel computing.
7) Write the any three Grid Applications.
8) Give the examples of Hardware service provider.
9) Give the example of software application ASP.
10) What are grid portals? Give example.

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11) What are the high level services including in existing globus tool kit?
12) Name the components available in Nimrod architecture?
13) What are the major objectives of Euro grid project?
14) What is the application specific work packages identified for the Euro grid?
15) Define dynamic accounting system.

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Viva-voce

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23 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

EX.NO. 05: DEVELOP SECURED APPLICATIONS USING BASIC

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SECURITY MECHANISMS AVAILABLE IN GLOBUS TOOLKIT.
Aim:
To develop a secured applications using a basic security mechanisms available in Globus toolkit
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
The Globus Toolkit incorporates multiple security components that establish the identity of users or services
(authentication), protect communications, and determine who is allowed to perform what actions (authorization), as

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well as manage user credentials.
? GSI C: The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and
certificate management.
? MyProxy: MyProxy is open source software for managing X.509 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) security
credentials (certificates and private keys).

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? GSI-OpenSSH: GSI-OpenSSH is a modified version of OpenSSH that adds support for X.509 proxy
certificate authentication and delegation, providing a single sign-on remote login and file transfer service.
The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and certificate
management. The authentication API is built using Public KeyInfrastructure (PKI) technologies, e.g. X.509
Certificates and TLS. In addition to authentication it features a delegation mechanism based upon X.509 Proxy

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Certificates. Authorization support takes the form of a couple of APIs. The first provides a generic authorization API
that allows callouts to perform access control based on the client's credentials (i.e. the X.509 certificate chain). The
second provides a simple access control list that maps authorized remote entities to local (system) user names. The
second mechanism also provides callouts that allow third parties to override the default behavior and is currently
used in the Gatekeeper and GridFTP servers. In addition to the above there are various lower level APIs and tools

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for managing, discovering and querying certificates.
Components for Grid Security
1. Basic Security Mechanisms
2. Components for Credential Generation
3. Components for Credential Management

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24 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Beyond verifying the identities of users and services, basic Grid security mechanisms leave access control decisions

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to services. The Grid community has developed authorization and access control tools for storing and providing
access to system-wide authorization information and for creating a central data store for supporting decentralized
control mechanisms.
Basic Security Mechanisms
? Pre-Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A non-Web services implementation of the Grid

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Security Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI
mechanisms
? Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A Web services implementation of the Grid Security
Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI mechanisms

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Result:

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Thus the program to develop a security application available in Globus toolkit was successfully executed.
Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a secured applications using a basic security

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mechanisms available in Globus toolkit



25 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Applications:
To provide easy acces to best breed open source network security

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1. What are the collective services available in grid computing?
2. What are the basic principles of autonomous computing?
3. What are the four essential characteristics of on demand business?
4. What are the essential capabilities provided by on demand business?
5. What are the two most important technologies for building semantic webs?

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6. Define Peer to Peer computing?
7. What is the combination of Globus GT3 toolkit?
8. What is a GT3 core?
9. What are the components available in service model?
10. Define WS-Trust

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11. Define WS ?Federation
12. Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
13. Who are the actors in CDC?
14. Mention the scenarios in CDC?
15. What are the functional requirements of CDC on OGSA?

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Viva-voce

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26 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 06: DEVELOP A GRID PORTAL, WHERE USER CAN SUBMIT

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A JOB AND GET THE RESULT, IMPLEMENT IT WITH AND WITHOUT
GRAM CONCEPT.
Aim:
To develop a Grid portal and implement it with and without GRAM concept
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

Procedure:

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Multiple times that the likely user interface to grid applications will be through portals, specifically Web portals. A grid
portal may be constructed as a Web page interface to provide easy access to grid applications. The Web user
interface provides user authentication, job submission, job monitoring, and results of the job.
Globus Resource Allocation Manager (GRAM)
When a job is submitted by a client, the request is sent to the remote host and handled by a gatekeeper daemon.

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The gatekeeper creates a job manager to start and monitor the job. When the job is finished, the job manager
sends the status information back to the client and terminates.
The GRAM subsystem consists of the following elements:
? The globusrun command and associated APIs Resource Specification Language (RSL)
? The gatekeeper daemon The job manager Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator (DUROC)

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Each of these elements are described briefly below.
The globusrun command
The globusrun command (or its equivalent API) submits a job to a resource within the grid. This command
is typically passed an RSL string (see below) that specifies parameters and other properties required to successfully
launch and run the job

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27 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Resource Specification Language (RSL)

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RSL is a language used by clients to specify the job to be run. All job submission requests are described in an RSL
string that includes information such as the executable file; its parameters; information about redirection of stdin,
stdout, and stderr; and so on. Basically it provides a standard way of specifying all of the information required to
execute a job, independent of the target environment. It is then the responsibility of the job manager on the target
system to parse the information and launch the job in the appropriate way.

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The syntax of RSL is very straightforward. Each statement is enclosed within parenthesis. Comments are
designated with parenthesis and asterisks, for example, (* this is a comment *). Supported attributes include the
following:
rsl_substitution: Defines variables
executable: The script or command to be run

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arguments: Information or flags to be passed to the executable
stdin: Specifies the remote URL and local file used for the executable stdout: Specifies the remote file to place
standard output from the job stderr: Specifies the remote file to place standard error from the job queue: Specifies the
queue to submit the job (requires a scheduler) count: Specifies the number of executions
directory: Specifies the directory to run the job

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project: Specifies a project account for the job (requires a scheduler) dryRun: Verifies the RSL string but
does not run the job
maxMemory: Specifies the maximum amount of memory in MBs required for the job
minMemory: Specifies the minimum amount of memory in MBs required for the job
hostCount: Specifies the number of nodes in a cluster required for the job environment: Specifies environment

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variables that are required for the job
jobType: Specifies the type of job single process, multi-process, mpi, or condor
maxTime: Specifies the maximum execution wall or cpu time for one execution
maxWallTime: Specifies the maximum walltime for one execution maxCpuTime: Specifies the maximum
cpu time for one execution

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gramMyjob: Specifies the whether the gram myjob interface starts one process/thread (independent) or more
(collective)


28 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to develop Grid Portal was successfully executed.

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29 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid portal and implement it with and
without GRAM concept
Application:
? It is useful and necessary for interfaces for the performance of operations on the Grid. The Grid
Portal Development Kit (GPDK) facilitates the development of Grid portals and provides several key

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reusable components for accessing various Grid services.
? A Grid Portal provides a customizable interface allowing scientists to perform a variety of Grid
operations including remote program submission, file staging, and querying of information services
from a single, secure gateway.
? The Grid Portal Development Kit leverages off existing Globus/Grid middleware infrastructure as

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well as commodity web technology including Java Server Pages and servlets .



1) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?

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2) What are the major goals of OGSA?
3) What are the more specific goals of OGSA?
4) What are the main purposes of use case defined by OGSA?
5) Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
6) What are the layers available in OGSA architectural organizations?

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7) What are the OGSA basic services?
8) What are the two aspects involved in GRAM?
9) What are the two kinds of lifecycle model associated with state data recovery?
10) What is a GT3 core?
11) What are the major components of default server side framework?

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12) What is Grid container?
13) What are the two levels of security available in GT3?
14) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?
15) What are the two different message-level authentication mechanisms provided by GT3 framework?
16) What are the most common GT3 security handlers?

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Viva-voce


30 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO CLOUD COMPUTING

What is cloud computing?
Cloud computing means that instead of all the computer hardware and software you're using sitting on your
desktop, or somewhere inside your company's network, it's provided for you as a service by another company and

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accessed over the Internet, usually in a completely seamless way. Exactly where the hardware and software is
located and how it all works doesn't matter to you, the user?it's just somewhere up in the nebulous "cloud" that the
Internet represents.
Cloud computing is a buzzword that means different things to different people. For some, it's just another way of
describing IT (information technology) "outsourcing"; others use it to mean any computing service provided over the

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Internet or a similar network; and some define it as any bought-in computer service you use that sits outside your
firewall.
Types of cloud computing
IT people talk about three different kinds of cloud computing, where different services are being provided for you.
Note that there's a certain amount of vagueness about how these things are defined and some overlap between

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them.
? Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) means you're buying access to raw computing hardware over the Net,
such as servers or storage. Since you buy what you need and pay-as-you-go, this is often referred to as
utility computing. Ordinary web hosting is a simple example of IaaS: you pay a monthly subscription or a
per-megabyte/gigabyte fee to have a hosting company serve up files for your website from their servers.

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? Software as a Service (SaaS) means you use a complete application running on someone else's system.
Web-based email and Google Documents are perhaps the best-known examples. Zoho is another well-
known SaaS provider offering a variety of office applications online.
? Platform as a Service (PaaS) means you develop applications using Web-based tools so they run on
systems software and hardware provided by another company. So, for example, you might develop your

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own ecommerce website but have the whole thing, including the shopping cart, checkout, and payment
mechanism running on a merchant's server. App Cloud (from salesforce.com) and the Google App Engine
are examples of PaaS.
Advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing
Advantages

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The pros of cloud computing are obvious and compelling. If your business is selling books or repairing shoes,
why get involved in the nitty gritty of buying and maintaining a complex computer system? If you run an insurance
office, do you really want your sales agents wasting time running anti-virus software, upgrading word-processors, or
worrying about hard-drive crashes? Do you really want them cluttering your expensive computers with their personal

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31 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

emails, illegally shared MP3 files, and naughty YouTube videos?when you could leave that responsibility to
someone else? Cloud computing allows you to buy in only the services you want, when you want them, cutting the

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upfront capital costs of computers and peripherals. You avoid equipment going out of date and other familiar IT
problems like ensuring system security and reliability. You can add extra services (or take them away) at a moment's
notice as your business needs change. It's really quick and easy to add new applications or services to your
business without waiting weeks or months for the new computer (and its software) to arrive.
Drawbacks

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Instant convenience comes at a price. Instead of purchasing computers and software, cloud computing means you
buy services, so one-off, upfront capital costs become ongoing operating costs instead. That might work out much
more expensive in the long-term.
If you're using software as a service (for example, writing a report using an online word processor or sending emails
through webmail), you need a reliable, high-speed, broadband Internet connection functioning the whole time you're

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working. That's something we take for granted in countries such as the United States, but it's much more of an issue
in developing countries or rural areas where broadband is unavailable.
An Introduction to Cloud Computing with OpenNebula
An OpenNebula Private Cloud provides infrastructure users with an elastic platform for fast delivery and scalability of
services to meet dynamic demands of service end-users. Services are hosted in VMs, and then submitted,

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monitored and controlled in the Cloud by using Sunstone or any of the OpenNebula interfaces:
? Command Line Interface (CLI)
? XML-RPC API
? OpenNebulaRuby and Java Cloud APIs
The aim of a Private Cloud is not to expose to the world a cloud interface to sell capacity over the Internet, but to

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provide local cloud users and administrators with a flexible and agile private infrastructure to run virtualized service
workloads within the administrative domain. OpenNebula virtual infrastructure interfaces expose user and
administrator functionality for virtualization, networking, image and physical resource configuration, management,
monitoring and accounting.

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Expt.No.1: FIND PROCEDURE TO RUN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE OF
DIFFERENT CONFIGURATION. CHECK HOW MANY VIRTUAL

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MACHINES CAN BE UTILIZED AT PARTICULAR TIME.

Aim:
To Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be
utilized at particular time

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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Creating Virtual Machines
In OpenNebula the Virtual Machines are defined with Template files. The Template Repository system allows
OpenNebula administrators and users to register Virtual Machine definitions in the system, to be instantiated later as
Virtual Machine instances. These Templates can be instantiated several times, and also shared with other users.

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Virtual Machine Model
A Virtual Machine within the OpenNebula system consists of:
? A capacity in terms memory and CPU
? A set of NICs attached to one or more virtual networks
? A set of disk images

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? A state file (optional) or recovery file, that contains the memory image of a running VM plus some hypervisor
specific information.
The above items, plus some additional VM attributes like the OS kernel and context information to be used inside the
VM, are specified in a template file.
Defining a VM in 3 Steps

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Virtual Machines are defined in an OpenNebula Template. Templates are stored in a repository to easily browse and
instantiate VMs from them. To create a new Template you have to define 3 things


33 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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? Capacity & Name, how big will the VM be?
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
NAME Name that the VM will get for description purposes. Yes one-
MEMORY Amount of RAM required for the VM, in Megabytes. Yes

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CPU CPU ratio (e..g half a physical CPU is 0.5). Yes
VCPU Number of virtual cpus. No 1
Disks. Each disk is defined with a DISK attribute. A VM can use three types of disk:
? Use a persistent Image changes to the disk image will persist after the VM is shutdown.
? Use a non-persistent Image images are cloned, changes to the image will be lost.

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? Volatile disks are created on the fly on the target host. After the VM is shutdown the disk is disposed.

Persistent and Clone Disks
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
IMAGE_ID and IMAGE The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes

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IMAGE_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No self
IMAGE_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No self
Volatile
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
TYPE

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Type of the disk: swap, fs. swap type will set the label to swap so it is
easier to mount and the context packages will automatically mount it.
Yes
SIZE size in MB Yes
FORMAT

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filesystem for fs images: ext2, ext3, etc. raw will not format the image. For
VMs to run on vmfs or vmwareshared configurations, the valid values are:
Yes

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34 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Attribute Description Mandatory Default
vmdk_thin, vmdk_zeroedthick, vmdk_eagerzeroedthick

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Network Interfaces. Each network interface of a VM is defined with the NIC attribute.
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
NETWORK_ID and NETWORK The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes
NETWORK_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No Self
NETWORK_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No Self

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The following example shows a VM Template file with a couple of disks and a network interface, also a VNC section
was added.
NAME = test-vm
MEMORY = 128

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CPU = 1

DISK = [ IMAGE = "Arch Linux" ]
DISK = [ TYPE = swap,
SIZE = 1024 ]

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NIC = [ NETWORK = "Public", NETWORK_UNAME="oneadmin" ]

GRAPHICS = [
TYPE = "vnc",

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LISTEN = "0.0.0.0"]
Simple templates can be also created using the command line instead of creating a template file. The parameters to
do this for onetemplate are:

Parameter

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Description
--namename Name for the VM
--cpucpu CPU percentage reserved for the VM (1=100% one CPU)

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35 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


Parameter

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Description
--vcpuvcpu Number of virtualized CPUs
--archarch Architecture of the VM, e.g.: i386 or x86_64
--memorymemory Memory ammount given to the VM

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--diskdisk0,disk1 Disks to attach. To use a disk owned by other user use user[disk]
--nicvnet0,vnet1 Networks to attach. To use a network owned by other user use user[network]
--rawstring
Raw string to add to the template. Not to be confused with the RAW attribute. If you want
to provide more than one element, just include an enter inside quotes, instead of using

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more than one -raw option
--vnc Add VNC server to the VM
--ssh[file]
Add an ssh public key to the context. If the file is omited then the user variable
SSH_PUBLIC_KEY will be used.

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--net_context Add network contextualization parameters
--contextline1,line2 * Lines to add to the context section
--bootdevice Select boot device (hd, fd, cdrom or network)
A similar template as the previous example can be created with the following command:
$ onetemplate create --name test-vm --memory 128 --cpu 1 --disk "Arch Linux" --nic Public

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Managing Virtual Machines
Assuming we have a VM Template registered called vm-example with ID 6, then we can instantiate the VM issuing
a:
$ onetemplate list

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ID USER GROUP NAME REGTIME
6 oneadminoneadminvm_example 09/28 06:44:07

$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm

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36 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

VM ID: 0
If the template has USER INPUTSdefined the CLI will prompt the user for these values:

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$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm

There are some parameters that require user input.

* (BLOG_TITLE) Blog Title:

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* (DB_PASSWORD) Database Password:
VM ID: 0
Afterwards, the VM can be listed with the onevmlist command. You can also use the onevmtop command to list VMs
continuously.
$ onevm list

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ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME
0 oneadminoneadminmy_vm pend 0 0K 00 00:00:03
After a Scheduling cycle, the VM will be automatically deployed. But the deployment can also be forced by oneadmin
using onevmdeploy:

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$ onehost list

ID NAME RVM TCPU FCPU ACPU TMEM FMEM AMEM STAT
2 testbed 0 800 800 800 16G 16G16G on
$ onevm deploy 0 2

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$ onevm list

ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME
0 oneadminoneadminmy_vmrunn 0 0K testbed 00 00:02:40

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$ onevm show 0
VIRTUAL MACHINE 0 INFORMATION
ID :0
NAME : my_vm

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USER : oneadmin
GROUP : oneadmin


37 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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STATE : ACTIVE
LCM_STATE : RUNNING
START TIME : 04/14 09:00:24
END TIME : -

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DEPLOY ID: : one-0
PERMISSIONS
OWNER : um-
GROUP : ---
OTHER : ---

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VIRTUAL MACHINE MONITORING
NET_TX : 13.05
NET_RX : 0
USED MEMORY : 512
USED CPU : 0

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VIRTUAL MACHINE TEMPLATE
VIRTUAL MACHINE HISTORY

SEQ HOSTNAME REASON START TIME PTIME

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0 testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00
testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00

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38 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to run virtual machines on different configuration was successfully executed & its utilization time is
checked in various machines.

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39 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find procedure to run the virtual machine of different
Configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
Applications:

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? An advantage of virtualizing the workload?s I/O path enables hardware independence by
abstracting vendor specific drivers to more generalized versions that run on the hypervisor.
? It allows the live migration, which is one of virtualization?s greatest availability strengths
? The sharing of aggregate resources, such as network paths

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1. What is cloud computing?
2. What are the benefits of cloud computing?
3. What are the different data types used in cloud computing?

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4. What are the different layers in cloud computing?
5. What do you mean by software as a service?
6. What is on-demand functionality? How is it provided in cloud computing?
7. What are the platforms used for large scale cloud computing?
8. What are the different models for deployment in cloud computing?

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9. What is the difference between cloud computing and mobile computing?
10. What are the open source cloud computing platform databases?
11. What is the difference between cloud and traditional datacenters?
12. Why API's is used in cloud services?
13. What are the different datacenters in cloud computing?

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14. Define API in data virtualization?
15. List of API in cloud?
Viva-voce

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40 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No.02: FIND PROCEDURE TO ATTACH VIRTUAL BLOCK TO
THE VIRTUAL MACHINE AND CHECK WHETHER IT HOLDS THE
DATA EVEN AFTER THE RELEASE OF THE VIRTUAL MACHINE.

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Aim:
To find a procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even after the
release of the virtual machine

Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
VirtualBox uses a special kernel module called vboxdrv to perform physical memory allocation and to gain control of
the processor for guest system execution. Without this kernel module, you can still use the VirtualBox manager to
configure virtual machines, but they will not start. In addition, there are the network kernel modules vboxnetflt and
vboxnetadp which are required for the more advanced networking features of VirtualBox.

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The VirtualBox kernel module is automatically installed on your system when you install VirtualBox. To
maintain it with future kernel updates, for those Linux distributions which provide it -- most current ones -- we
recommend installing Dynamic Kernel Module Support (DKMS). This framework helps with building and upgrading
kernel modules.
If DKMS is not already installed, execute one of the following:

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On an Ubuntu system:
sudo apt-get install dkms
If DKMS is available and installed, the VirtualBox kernel module should always work automatically, and it will be
automatically rebuilt if your host kernel is updated.
Otherwise, there are only two situations in which you will need to worry about the kernel module:

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1. The original installation fails. This probably means that your Linux system is not prepared for building
external kernel modules.


41 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Most Linux distributions can be set up simply by installing the right packages - normally, these will be the
GNU compiler (GCC), GNU Make (make) and packages containing header files for your kernel - and making
sure that all system updates are installed and that the system is running the most up-to-date kernel included
in the distribution. The version numbers of the header file packages must be the same as that of the kernel

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you are using.
? With Debian and Ubuntu releases, you must install the right version of the linux-headers and if it exists
the linux-kbuild package. Current Ubuntu releases should have the right packages installed by default.
? In even older Debian and Ubuntu releases, you must install the right version of the kernel-headers
package.

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? On Fedora and Redhat systems, the package is kernel-devel.
? On SUSE and openSUSE Linux, you must install the right versions of the kernel-source and kernel-syms
packages.
? If you have built your own kernel, you will need to make sure that you also installed all the required
header and other files for building external modules to the right locations. The details of how to do

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this will depend on how you built your kernel, and if you are unsure you should consult the
documentation which you followed to do so.
2. The kernel of your Linux host was updated and DKMS is not installed. In that case, the kernel module will
need to be reinstalled by executing (as root):
rcvboxdrv setup

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Performing the installation
VirtualBox is available in a number of package formats native to various common Linux distributions. In addition,
there is an alternative generic installer (.run) which should work on most Linux distributions.
Installing VirtualBox from a Debian/Ubuntu package
First, download the appropriate package for your distribution. The following examples assume that you are installing

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to a 32-bit Ubuntu Wily system. Use dpkg to install the Debian package:
sudodpkg -i virtualbox-5.0_5.0.20_Ubuntu_wily_i386.deb
The installer will also try to build kernel modules suitable for the current running kernel. If the build process is not
successful you will be shown a warning and the package will be left unconfigured. Please have a look at /var/log/vbox-
install.log to find out why the compilation failed. You may have to install the appropriate Linux kernel After correcting

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any problems, do


42 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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sudorcvboxdrv setup
This will start a second attempt to build the module.
If a suitable kernel module was found in the package or the module was successfully built, the installation script will
attempt to load that module.
Once VirtualBox has been successfully installed and configured, you can start it by selecting "VirtualBox" in your

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start menu or from the command line.
Using the alternative installer (VirtualBox.run)
The alternative installer performs the following steps:
? It unpacks the application files to the target directory,
/opt/VirtualBox/

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which cannot be changed.
? It builds the VirtualBox kernel modules (vboxdrv, vboxnetflt and vboxnetadp) and installs them.
? It creates /sbin/rcvboxdrv, an init script to start the VirtualBox kernel module.
? It creates a new system group called vboxusers.
? It creates symbolic links in /usr/bin to the a shell script (/opt/VirtualBox/VBox) which does some sanity checks

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and dispatches to the actual executables, VirtualBox, VBoxSDL, VBoxVRDP, VBoxHeadless and VBoxManage
? It creates /etc/udev/rules.d/60-vboxdrv.rules, a description file for udev, if that is present, which makes the USB
devices accessible to all users in the vboxusers group.
? It writes the installation directory to /etc/vbox/vbox.cfg.
The installer must be executed as root with either install or uninstall as the first parameter.

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sudo ./VirtualBox.run install
Or if you do not have the "sudo" command available, run the following as root instead:
./VirtualBox.run install

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43 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

After that you need to put every user which should be able to access USB devices from VirtualBox guests in the
group vboxusers, either through the GUI user management tools or by running the following command as root:
sudousermod -a -G vboxusers username

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Performing a manual installation
If, for any reason, you cannot use the shell script installer described previously, you can also perform a manual
installation. Invoke the installer like this:
./VirtualBox.run --keep --noexec
This will unpack all the files needed for installation in the directory install under the current directory. The VirtualBox

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application files are contained in VirtualBox.tar.bz2 which you can unpack to any directory on your system. For
example:
sudomkdir /opt/VirtualBox
sudo tar jxf ./install/VirtualBox.tar.bz2 -C /opt/VirtualBox
or as root:

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mkdir /opt/VirtualBox
tarjxf ./install/VirtualBox.tar.bz2 -C /opt/VirtualBox
The sources for VirtualBox's kernel module are provided in the src directory. To build the module, change to the
directory and issuemake
If everything builds correctly, issue the following command to install the module to the appropriate module directory:

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sudo make install
In case you do not have sudo, switch the user account to root and performmake install
The VirtualBox kernel module needs a device node to operate. The above make command will tell you how to create
the device node, depending on your Linux system. The procedure is slightly different for a classical Linux setup with
a /dev directory, a system with the now deprecated devfs and a modern Linux system with udev.

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Note that the /dev/vboxdrv kernel module device node must be owned by root:root and must be read/writable only for
the user.Next, you will have to install the system initialization script for the kernel module:
cp /opt/VirtualBox/vboxdrv.sh /sbin/rcvboxdrv
mkdir /etc/vbox
echo INSTALL_DIR=/opt/VirtualBox> /etc/vbox/vbox.cfg

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44 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

and, for convenience, create the following symbolic links:

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ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VirtualBox
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxManage
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxHeadless
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxSDL

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Sample Output:

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Result:
Thus the program to attach virtual block to virtual machine was successfully executed & checked whether it holds the
data after the release of the virtual machine.

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45 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find a procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual
machine and check whether it holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
Application:
? To support the Cloud Computing with the Virtual Block Store System. The fast development of cloud

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computing systems stimulates the needs for a standalone block storage system to provide persistent
block storage services to virtual machines maintained by clouds.

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1. What is Type-1 and Type-2 hypervisor?
2. What is the use of virsh command?
3. Explain how you can transfer volume from one owner to another in Open Stack?
4. Discuss about KVM Features?
5. What is Virtual block?

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6. What is Virtualization?
7. What are virtual clusters?
8. How virtualization happens in data center?
9. List some of the open source grid middleware packages.
10. What is a programming model?

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11. What is Hadoop?
12. What are map and reduce functions?
13. How to run a job in hadoop?
14. What is HDFS?
15. What are the open source grid middleware packages?

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16. What is peer to peer computing?
17. What are node clusters?
18. How virtual migration happens in data center?
Viva-voce

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46 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No.03: INSTALL A C COMPILER IN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE AND
EXECUTE A SAMPLE PROGRAM.

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Aim:
To Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Create a VM and Install any OS on it.
2.Install a C compiler on OS
3.Open a Editor and type the sample program and Save.

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4.Compile and run the Program
Example:
C programming on Linux based Environement

1. Open Terminal (Applications-Accessories-Terminal)

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2. Open gedit by typing ?gedit&? on terminal(You can also use any other Text Editor application)
3. Type the following on gedit
(or any other text editor)
#include
main()

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{
printf("Hello World\n");
}
Save this file as
?helloworld. C?

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5. Type ?ls? on Terminal to see all files under current folder
6. Confirm that ?helloworld.c? is in the current directory.
If not, type cd DIRECTORY_PATH to go to the
directory that has ?helloworld.c?
7. Type ?gcchelloworld.c? to compile, and type ?ls? to

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confirm that a new executable file ?a.out? is created
8. Type ?./a.out? on Terminal to run the program

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47 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to install a C complier is done and the sample program was executed successfully.


48 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and

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execute a sample program
Application:
The application of installing a C compiler in the virtual machine benefits to have a portable executable, for
each platform.

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1. What is the difference between Xen & KVM ?
2. What are different hypervisors available in Linux ?
3. Which command is used to list all virtual machine running on the KVM hypervisor ?
4. What are the different states of a VM in Xen hypervisor ?
5. How to forcefully shutdown the KVM based virtual machine from the command line ?

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6. What is virtual Machine?
7. What is Compiler?
8. What is Directory?
9. List the C Compilers available?
10. What is virtualization?

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11. List out VM operations
12. What are different hypervisors available in windows?
13. How to implement applications on the cloud to install C compiler?
14. What are grid and cloud tools available?
15. What is hypervisor?

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Viva-voce
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice


0 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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College o f Engineering
?

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DEPARTMENT OF
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

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VII SEMESTER - R 2013

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Name : ______________________________________

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Reg. No. : ______________________________________
Section : ______________________________________
LABORATORY MANUAL

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1 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

DHANALAKSHMI

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is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and enterprising
professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and training.


? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry

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? To contribute to the promotion of Academic Excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart and
soul

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

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To strive for acquiring, applying and imparting knowledge in Computer Science and Engineering through quality
education and to provide enthusiastic professionals with commitment

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? To produce highly competent and globally employable engineers in the field of Computer Science and
Engineering
? To inculcate human values among the student community and make them realize their commitment to the society
? To exhibit excellence in pursuit of research and innovative products with a zeal to serve the society

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VISION
VISION
MISSION
MISSION

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2 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)

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1. Fundamentals
To provide students with a solid foundation in Mathematics, Science and fundamentals of engineering, enabling
them to apply, to find solutions for engineering problems and use this knowledge to acquire higher education
2. Core Competence
To train the students in Computer science and engineering technologies so that they apply their knowledge and

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training to compare, and to analyze various engineering industrial problems to find solutions
3. Breadth
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice this enables them to
find solutions for the real time problems in industry, and to design products
4. Professionalism

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To inculcate professional and effective communication skills, leadership qualities and team spirit in the students
to make them multi-faceted personalities and develop their ability to relate engineering issues to broader social
context
5. Lifelong Learning/Ethics
To demonstrate and practice ethical and professional responsibilities in the industry and society in the large,

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through commitment and lifelong learning needed for successful professional career



4

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PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)
a) To demonstrate and apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Electronics and Communication Engineering field

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b) To design a component, a system or a process to meet the specific needs within the realistic constraints
such as economics, environment, ethics, health, safety and manufacturability
c) To demonstrate the competency to use software tools for computation, simulation and testing of electronics and
communication engineering circuits
d) To identify, formulate and solve electronic and communication engineering problems

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e) To demonstrate an ability to visualize and work on laboratory and multidisciplinary tasks
f) To function as a member or a leader in multidisciplinary activities
g) To communicate in verbal and written form with fellow engineers and society at large
h) To understand the impact of Electronics and Communication Engineering in the society and demonstrate awareness
of contemporary issues and commitment to give solutions exhibiting social responsibility

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i) To demonstrate professional & ethical responsibilities
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To participate and succeed in competitive exams

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5 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

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SYLLABUS
Learn the working of ARM processor
Understand the Building Blocks of Embedded Systems
Learn the concept of memory map and memory interface

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Know the characteristics of Real Time Systems
Write programs to interface memory, I/Os with processor
Study the interrupt performance
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
GRID COMPUTING LAB

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Use Globus Toolkit or equivalent and do the following:
1. Develop a new Web Service for Calculator.
2. Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service.
3. Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service.
4. Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs

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5. Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus Toolkit.
6. Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it with and without
GRAM concept.

CLOUD COMPUTING LAB

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Use Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent to set up the cloud and demonstrate.
1. Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines
COURSE OBJECTIVES

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6 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

can be utilized at particular time.
2. Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even
after the release of the virtual machine.

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3. Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program.
4. Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other.
5. Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it.
6. Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster.
7. Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE.

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8. Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it.
9. Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits.
? Design and implement applications on the Grid.
? Design and Implement applications on the Cloud.
? Design network objects by applying the networking concepts.

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? Create virtualization concept.
? Design web based applications.
? Apply cloud tools for resource allocation.
? Apply grid tools for network translation.
? Design private cloud using open stack.

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COURSE OUTCOMES

7

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CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
CONTENTS
Sl. No. Name of the Experiment Page No.
CYCLE 1 ? EXPERIMENTS ( GRID COMPUTING)
1

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Develop a new Web Service for Calculator 7
2
Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service 16
3
Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service 19

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4
Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs 22
5
Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus
Toolkit

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25
6
Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it
with and without GRAM concept
27

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CYCLE 2 ? EXPERIMENTS (CLOUD COMPUTING)
1
Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how
many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
34

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2
Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it
holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
36
3 Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program 39

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4
Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to
the other
42
5 Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it 45

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6 Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster 47
7 Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE
ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS
1 Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it 52
2 Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks 55

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8 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO GRID COMPUTING

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GRID TECHNOLOGY

? Flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and
resource
? Grid architecture

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? Defined using services and protocols
? Using the ?sand hourglass? model similar to the TCP/IP protocol stack

"A computational grid is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides dependable, consistent, pervasive and
inexpensive access to high-end computational capabilities."

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Grid computing makes it possible to dynamically share and coordinate dispersed, heterogeneous computing
resources. Flexibility and ubiquity are essential characteristics of Web services technologies such as WSDL (Web
Services Description Language), SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), and UDDI (Universal Description,
Discovery, and Integration).
The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) combines technologies to unlock and exploit grid-attached resources.

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OGSA defines mechanisms to create, manage, and exchange information between Grid Services, a special type of
Web service. The architecture uses WSDL extensively to describe the structure and behavior of a service. Service
descriptions are located and discovered using Web Services Inspection Language (WSIL). By combining elements
from grid computing and Web services technologies, OGSA establishes an extensible and interoperable design and
development framework for Grid Services that includes details for service definition, discovery, and life-cycle

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management.


9 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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GLOBUS TOOLKIT

The Globus Toolkit provides software tools to make it easier to build computational grids and grid-based
applications. The Globus Toolkit is both an open architecture and open source toolkit.

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? The Globus Toolkit is a product of the Globus Alliance (http://www.globus.org)
? It is middleware for developing grids
? The current release is 6.0.
? Four key protocols and APIs

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? Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI)
? Grid Resource Allocation & Mgmt (GRAM)
? Grid Resource Information Protocol (GRIP) and Index Information Protocol (GIIP)
? Grid File Transfer Protocol (GridFTP)
? Implementations on many platforms

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? Resources, security systems, data models,
? Various collective layer protocols & tools
? Info services, replica management, etc.
? A basis for many Grid-enabled tools & apps
FTP, SSH, Condor, SRB, MPI, EDG, GridPort,

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GLOBUS TOOLKIT? COMPONENTS
? Security
? GSI ? Grid Security Infrastructure
? Resource Management
? GRAM ? Grid Resource Allocation Manager

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o globusrun
o RSL
o gatekeeper
o job manager
o DUROC ? Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator

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? Information Services
? MDS ? Monitoring and Discovery Service


10 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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o GRIS ? Grid Resource Information Service
o GIIS ? Grid Index Information Service
o MDS Client
? Data Management

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o GridFTP, GASS
The Globus Toolkit latest version 6.0 includes:
GSI: security
GridFTP: file transfer
GRAM: job execution/resource management

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MyProxy: credential repository/certificate authority
GSI-OpenSSH: GSI secure single sign-on remote shell


11 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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GLOBUS TOOLKIT INSTALLATION PROCEDURE
Step1: For installing Globus Toolkit nothing more easy than download the latest package:
http://toolkit.globus.org/ftppub/gt6/installers/repo/globus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
sudodpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb

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Step2: Update the repositories: sudo apt-get update
Step3: To install Debian or Ubuntu package, download the globus-toolkit-repo package
from the link above and install it with the command:
root@sysa63:/home/#dpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Do the following for Debian-based systems:

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root@sysa63:/home/#apt-get install globus-data-management-client

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12 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 01: DEVELOP A NEW WEB SERVICE FOR CALCULATOR

Aim:
Develop a Web Service for new Calculator
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Our first web service is an extremely simple Math Web Service, which we'll refer to asMathService. It will

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2. allow users to perform the following operations:
a. Addition
b. Subtraction
3. Furthermore, MathService will have the following resource properties (RPs for short):
a. Value (integer)

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b. Last operation performed (string)
4. We will also add a "Get Value" operation to access the Value RP. Once a new resource is created, the
"value" RP is initialized to zero, and the "last operation" RP is initialized to "NONE". The parameter is
added/subtracted to the "value" RP, and the "last operation" RP is changed to "ADDITION" or
"SUBTRACTION" accordingly. Also, the addition and subtraction operations don't return anything.

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5. Writing and deploying a WSRF Web Service is easier than you might think. You just have to follow five
simple steps.
6. Define the service's interface. This is done with WSDL
7. Implement the service. This is done with Java.
8. Define the deployment parameters. This is done with WSDD and JNDI

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9. Compile everything and generate a GAR file. This is done with Ant
10. Deploy service. This is also done with a GT4 tool

Sample Code:

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_instance"
xmlns ="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"
xmlns:tns="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/examples/core/MathService_instance"
xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsrp="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-
ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.xsd" xmlns:wsrpw="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-

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13 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.wsdl"

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xmlns:wsdlpp="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/2004/10/WSDLPreprocessor"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">

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Result:
Thus the program for developing web service for new calculator was successfully executed.

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14 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid by using Web Service for new Calculator
Applications:
To make a calculator in Windows application using web service

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1) What is Web Service?
2) What are the advantages of web services?
3) What are the different types of web services?
4) What is SOAP?
5) What are the advantages of SOAP web services?

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6) What are the disadvantages of SOAP web services?
7) What is WSDL?
8) What is UDDI?
9) What are RESTful web services?
10) What are the advantages of RESTful web services?

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11) What is the difference between SOAP and REST web services?
12) What is SOA service architecture?
13) What tools are used to deploy web services?
14) What is Web Service architecture?
15) What are the advantages of web services in globus toolkit?

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16) What are the different types of web services?
17) What is SOAP web services?
18) What is UDP and TCP?
19) What is stateless SOA?
20) What is data balancing in WSDL?

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Viva-voce


15 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 02: DEVELOP NEW OGSA-COMPLIANT WEB SERVICE

Aim:
To develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid Service using .NET language.
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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1. Developed by the Global Grid Forum
2. Aims to define a common, standard, open architecture for Grid Applications.
3. Defines a set of rules that make up a grid service.
4. Sharing and Coordinated use of diverse resources in Dynamic VO's

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Result:
Thus the program for developing OGSA- Complaint web service was successfully executed.

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16 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid
Service using .NET language
Applications:
? Sharing of information among diverse components of large heterogenous grid systems

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? WAN



1. How would you decide what style of Web Service to use? SOAP WS or REST?

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2. Does the service expose data or business logic?
3. Do consumers and the service providers require a formal contract?
4. Do we need to support multiple data formats?
5. Do we need to make AJAX calls?
6. Is the call synchronous or asynchronous?

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7. What level of security is required?
8. What level of transaction support is required?
9. Do we have limited band width?
10. What tools do you use to test your Web Services?
11. What is the difference between SOA and a Web service?

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12. What is a microservice architecture (aka MSA)?
13. What is data integrity?
14. What is cloud infrastructure?

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Viva-voce


17 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 03: USING APACHE AXIS DEVELOP A GRID SERVICE

Aim:
To develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Creating the New Level in the Package

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2. Edit the Configuration Files
3. Modify the Service Code
4. Modify the Client
5. Compile and Deploy
6. Starting the Container

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7. Compile the Client
8. Run the Client

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18 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:
Addition was successful

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Subtraction was successful
Multiplication was successful
Division was successful
Current value: 20.

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Result:

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Thus the program for Grid Service using Apache Axis was successfully executed.


19 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Applications:

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? To create web service in Java
? To work with Globus Tool kit standards web service


1. What are the different application integration styles?

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2. What is Grid Computing?
3. What is QOS?
4. What are the derivatives of grid computing?
5. What are the features of data grids?
6. What is load balancing?

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7. What is grid infrastructure?
8. Define ? Distributed Computing.
9. Define ? OSGI.
10. Define ? OSGA.
11. What is the use of API?s in cloud services?

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12. What is the difference between cloud and grid?
13. What is data communication?
14. What are the elements of data communication?

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Viva-voce

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20 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 04: DEVELOP APPLICATIONS USING JAVA OR C/C++ GRID
APIS

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Aim:
To develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Import all the necessary java packages and name the file as GridLayoutDemo.java
2. Set up components to preferred size
3. Add buttons to experiment with Grid Layout

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4. Add controls to set up horizontal and vertical gaps
5. Process the Apply gaps button press
6. Create the GUI
7. Create and set up the window,Set up the content pane and Display the Window
8. Schedule a job for the event dispatch thread

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9. Show the application's GUI

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21 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:

Figure 1: Horizontal, Left-to-Right Figure 2: Horizontal, Right-to-Left

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Result:
Thus the program to develop an application in java using Grid APIs was successfully executed.

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22 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Applications:
Used for defining a application programme interface for common distributes computing functionality

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1) Describe the two most important advantages of using Distributed/Grid Computing.
2) What is the main function of DNS?

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3) Briefly outline two applications of Public Key systems.
4) Provide one major difference between synchronous and asynchronous communication.
5) Provide one major difference between ASCII and Unicode encodings.
6) Provide two major differences between sequential computing and parallel computing.
7) Write the any three Grid Applications.

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8) Give the examples of Hardware service provider.
9) Give the example of software application ASP.
10) What are grid portals? Give example.
11) What are the high level services including in existing globus tool kit?
12) Name the components available in Nimrod architecture?

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13) What are the major objectives of Euro grid project?
14) What is the application specific work packages identified for the Euro grid?
15) Define dynamic accounting system.

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Viva-voce

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23 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

EX.NO. 05: DEVELOP SECURED APPLICATIONS USING BASIC
SECURITY MECHANISMS AVAILABLE IN GLOBUS TOOLKIT.
Aim:

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To develop a secured applications using a basic security mechanisms available in Globus toolkit
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
The Globus Toolkit incorporates multiple security components that establish the identity of users or services
(authentication), protect communications, and determine who is allowed to perform what actions (authorization), as
well as manage user credentials.
? GSI C: The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and

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certificate management.
? MyProxy: MyProxy is open source software for managing X.509 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) security
credentials (certificates and private keys).
? GSI-OpenSSH: GSI-OpenSSH is a modified version of OpenSSH that adds support for X.509 proxy
certificate authentication and delegation, providing a single sign-on remote login and file transfer service.

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The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and certificate
management. The authentication API is built using Public KeyInfrastructure (PKI) technologies, e.g. X.509
Certificates and TLS. In addition to authentication it features a delegation mechanism based upon X.509 Proxy
Certificates. Authorization support takes the form of a couple of APIs. The first provides a generic authorization API
that allows callouts to perform access control based on the client's credentials (i.e. the X.509 certificate chain). The

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second provides a simple access control list that maps authorized remote entities to local (system) user names. The
second mechanism also provides callouts that allow third parties to override the default behavior and is currently
used in the Gatekeeper and GridFTP servers. In addition to the above there are various lower level APIs and tools
for managing, discovering and querying certificates.
Components for Grid Security

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1. Basic Security Mechanisms
2. Components for Credential Generation
3. Components for Credential Management

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24 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Beyond verifying the identities of users and services, basic Grid security mechanisms leave access control decisions
to services. The Grid community has developed authorization and access control tools for storing and providing
access to system-wide authorization information and for creating a central data store for supporting decentralized

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control mechanisms.
Basic Security Mechanisms
? Pre-Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A non-Web services implementation of the Grid
Security Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI
mechanisms

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? Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A Web services implementation of the Grid Security
Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI mechanisms

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Result:
Thus the program to develop a security application available in Globus toolkit was successfully executed.
Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a secured applications using a basic security
mechanisms available in Globus toolkit

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25 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Applications:

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To provide easy acces to best breed open source network security


1. What are the collective services available in grid computing?
2. What are the basic principles of autonomous computing?

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3. What are the four essential characteristics of on demand business?
4. What are the essential capabilities provided by on demand business?
5. What are the two most important technologies for building semantic webs?
6. Define Peer to Peer computing?
7. What is the combination of Globus GT3 toolkit?

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8. What is a GT3 core?
9. What are the components available in service model?
10. Define WS-Trust
11. Define WS ?Federation
12. Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?

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13. Who are the actors in CDC?
14. Mention the scenarios in CDC?
15. What are the functional requirements of CDC on OGSA?

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Viva-voce

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26 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 06: DEVELOP A GRID PORTAL, WHERE USER CAN SUBMIT
A JOB AND GET THE RESULT, IMPLEMENT IT WITH AND WITHOUT
GRAM CONCEPT.

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Aim:
To develop a Grid portal and implement it with and without GRAM concept
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos

Procedure:
Multiple times that the likely user interface to grid applications will be through portals, specifically Web portals. A grid
portal may be constructed as a Web page interface to provide easy access to grid applications. The Web user

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interface provides user authentication, job submission, job monitoring, and results of the job.
Globus Resource Allocation Manager (GRAM)
When a job is submitted by a client, the request is sent to the remote host and handled by a gatekeeper daemon.
The gatekeeper creates a job manager to start and monitor the job. When the job is finished, the job manager
sends the status information back to the client and terminates.

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The GRAM subsystem consists of the following elements:
? The globusrun command and associated APIs Resource Specification Language (RSL)
? The gatekeeper daemon The job manager Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator (DUROC)
Each of these elements are described briefly below.
The globusrun command

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The globusrun command (or its equivalent API) submits a job to a resource within the grid. This command
is typically passed an RSL string (see below) that specifies parameters and other properties required to successfully
launch and run the job

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27 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Resource Specification Language (RSL)
RSL is a language used by clients to specify the job to be run. All job submission requests are described in an RSL
string that includes information such as the executable file; its parameters; information about redirection of stdin,

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stdout, and stderr; and so on. Basically it provides a standard way of specifying all of the information required to
execute a job, independent of the target environment. It is then the responsibility of the job manager on the target
system to parse the information and launch the job in the appropriate way.
The syntax of RSL is very straightforward. Each statement is enclosed within parenthesis. Comments are
designated with parenthesis and asterisks, for example, (* this is a comment *). Supported attributes include the

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following:
rsl_substitution: Defines variables
executable: The script or command to be run
arguments: Information or flags to be passed to the executable
stdin: Specifies the remote URL and local file used for the executable stdout: Specifies the remote file to place

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standard output from the job stderr: Specifies the remote file to place standard error from the job queue: Specifies the
queue to submit the job (requires a scheduler) count: Specifies the number of executions
directory: Specifies the directory to run the job
project: Specifies a project account for the job (requires a scheduler) dryRun: Verifies the RSL string but
does not run the job

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maxMemory: Specifies the maximum amount of memory in MBs required for the job
minMemory: Specifies the minimum amount of memory in MBs required for the job
hostCount: Specifies the number of nodes in a cluster required for the job environment: Specifies environment
variables that are required for the job
jobType: Specifies the type of job single process, multi-process, mpi, or condor

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maxTime: Specifies the maximum execution wall or cpu time for one execution
maxWallTime: Specifies the maximum walltime for one execution maxCpuTime: Specifies the maximum
cpu time for one execution
gramMyjob: Specifies the whether the gram myjob interface starts one process/thread (independent) or more
(collective)

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Result:

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Thus the program to develop Grid Portal was successfully executed.


29 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid portal and implement it with and
without GRAM concept

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Application:
? It is useful and necessary for interfaces for the performance of operations on the Grid. The Grid
Portal Development Kit (GPDK) facilitates the development of Grid portals and provides several key
reusable components for accessing various Grid services.
? A Grid Portal provides a customizable interface allowing scientists to perform a variety of Grid

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operations including remote program submission, file staging, and querying of information services
from a single, secure gateway.
? The Grid Portal Development Kit leverages off existing Globus/Grid middleware infrastructure as
well as commodity web technology including Java Server Pages and servlets .

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1) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?
2) What are the major goals of OGSA?
3) What are the more specific goals of OGSA?

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4) What are the main purposes of use case defined by OGSA?
5) Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
6) What are the layers available in OGSA architectural organizations?
7) What are the OGSA basic services?
8) What are the two aspects involved in GRAM?

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9) What are the two kinds of lifecycle model associated with state data recovery?
10) What is a GT3 core?
11) What are the major components of default server side framework?
12) What is Grid container?
13) What are the two levels of security available in GT3?

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14) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?
15) What are the two different message-level authentication mechanisms provided by GT3 framework?
16) What are the most common GT3 security handlers?
Viva-voce

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30 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

INTRODUCTION TO CLOUD COMPUTING

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What is cloud computing?
Cloud computing means that instead of all the computer hardware and software you're using sitting on your
desktop, or somewhere inside your company's network, it's provided for you as a service by another company and
accessed over the Internet, usually in a completely seamless way. Exactly where the hardware and software is
located and how it all works doesn't matter to you, the user?it's just somewhere up in the nebulous "cloud" that the

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Internet represents.
Cloud computing is a buzzword that means different things to different people. For some, it's just another way of
describing IT (information technology) "outsourcing"; others use it to mean any computing service provided over the
Internet or a similar network; and some define it as any bought-in computer service you use that sits outside your
firewall.

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Types of cloud computing
IT people talk about three different kinds of cloud computing, where different services are being provided for you.
Note that there's a certain amount of vagueness about how these things are defined and some overlap between
them.
? Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) means you're buying access to raw computing hardware over the Net,

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such as servers or storage. Since you buy what you need and pay-as-you-go, this is often referred to as
utility computing. Ordinary web hosting is a simple example of IaaS: you pay a monthly subscription or a
per-megabyte/gigabyte fee to have a hosting company serve up files for your website from their servers.
? Software as a Service (SaaS) means you use a complete application running on someone else's system.
Web-based email and Google Documents are perhaps the best-known examples. Zoho is another well-

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known SaaS provider offering a variety of office applications online.
? Platform as a Service (PaaS) means you develop applications using Web-based tools so they run on
systems software and hardware provided by another company. So, for example, you might develop your
own ecommerce website but have the whole thing, including the shopping cart, checkout, and payment
mechanism running on a merchant's server. App Cloud (from salesforce.com) and the Google App Engine

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are examples of PaaS.
Advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing
Advantages
The pros of cloud computing are obvious and compelling. If your business is selling books or repairing shoes,
why get involved in the nitty gritty of buying and maintaining a complex computer system? If you run an insurance

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office, do you really want your sales agents wasting time running anti-virus software, upgrading word-processors, or
worrying about hard-drive crashes? Do you really want them cluttering your expensive computers with their personal


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emails, illegally shared MP3 files, and naughty YouTube videos?when you could leave that responsibility to
someone else? Cloud computing allows you to buy in only the services you want, when you want them, cutting the
upfront capital costs of computers and peripherals. You avoid equipment going out of date and other familiar IT
problems like ensuring system security and reliability. You can add extra services (or take them away) at a moment's

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notice as your business needs change. It's really quick and easy to add new applications or services to your
business without waiting weeks or months for the new computer (and its software) to arrive.
Drawbacks
Instant convenience comes at a price. Instead of purchasing computers and software, cloud computing means you
buy services, so one-off, upfront capital costs become ongoing operating costs instead. That might work out much

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more expensive in the long-term.
If you're using software as a service (for example, writing a report using an online word processor or sending emails
through webmail), you need a reliable, high-speed, broadband Internet connection functioning the whole time you're
working. That's something we take for granted in countries such as the United States, but it's much more of an issue
in developing countries or rural areas where broadband is unavailable.

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An Introduction to Cloud Computing with OpenNebula
An OpenNebula Private Cloud provides infrastructure users with an elastic platform for fast delivery and scalability of
services to meet dynamic demands of service end-users. Services are hosted in VMs, and then submitted,
monitored and controlled in the Cloud by using Sunstone or any of the OpenNebula interfaces:
? Command Line Interface (CLI)

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? XML-RPC API
? OpenNebulaRuby and Java Cloud APIs
The aim of a Private Cloud is not to expose to the world a cloud interface to sell capacity over the Internet, but to
provide local cloud users and administrators with a flexible and agile private infrastructure to run virtualized service
workloads within the administrative domain. OpenNebula virtual infrastructure interfaces expose user and

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administrator functionality for virtualization, networking, image and physical resource configuration, management,
monitoring and accounting.

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Expt.No.1: FIND PROCEDURE TO RUN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE OF
DIFFERENT CONFIGURATION. CHECK HOW MANY VIRTUAL
MACHINES CAN BE UTILIZED AT PARTICULAR TIME.

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Aim:
To Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be
utilized at particular time
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

Creating Virtual Machines

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In OpenNebula the Virtual Machines are defined with Template files. The Template Repository system allows
OpenNebula administrators and users to register Virtual Machine definitions in the system, to be instantiated later as
Virtual Machine instances. These Templates can be instantiated several times, and also shared with other users.
Virtual Machine Model
A Virtual Machine within the OpenNebula system consists of:

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? A capacity in terms memory and CPU
? A set of NICs attached to one or more virtual networks
? A set of disk images
? A state file (optional) or recovery file, that contains the memory image of a running VM plus some hypervisor
specific information.

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The above items, plus some additional VM attributes like the OS kernel and context information to be used inside the
VM, are specified in a template file.
Defining a VM in 3 Steps
Virtual Machines are defined in an OpenNebula Template. Templates are stored in a repository to easily browse and
instantiate VMs from them. To create a new Template you have to define 3 things

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33 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

? Capacity & Name, how big will the VM be?

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Attribute Description Mandatory Default
NAME Name that the VM will get for description purposes. Yes one-
MEMORY Amount of RAM required for the VM, in Megabytes. Yes
CPU CPU ratio (e..g half a physical CPU is 0.5). Yes
VCPU Number of virtual cpus. No 1

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Disks. Each disk is defined with a DISK attribute. A VM can use three types of disk:
? Use a persistent Image changes to the disk image will persist after the VM is shutdown.
? Use a non-persistent Image images are cloned, changes to the image will be lost.
? Volatile disks are created on the fly on the target host. After the VM is shutdown the disk is disposed.

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Persistent and Clone Disks
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
IMAGE_ID and IMAGE The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes
IMAGE_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No self
IMAGE_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No self

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Volatile
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
TYPE
Type of the disk: swap, fs. swap type will set the label to swap so it is
easier to mount and the context packages will automatically mount it.

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Yes
SIZE size in MB Yes
FORMAT
filesystem for fs images: ext2, ext3, etc. raw will not format the image. For
VMs to run on vmfs or vmwareshared configurations, the valid values are:

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Yes


34 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Attribute Description Mandatory Default
vmdk_thin, vmdk_zeroedthick, vmdk_eagerzeroedthick

Network Interfaces. Each network interface of a VM is defined with the NIC attribute.
Attribute Description Mandatory Default

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NETWORK_ID and NETWORK The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes
NETWORK_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No Self
NETWORK_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No Self

The following example shows a VM Template file with a couple of disks and a network interface, also a VNC section

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was added.
NAME = test-vm
MEMORY = 128
CPU = 1

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DISK = [ IMAGE = "Arch Linux" ]
DISK = [ TYPE = swap,
SIZE = 1024 ]

NIC = [ NETWORK = "Public", NETWORK_UNAME="oneadmin" ]

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GRAPHICS = [
TYPE = "vnc",
LISTEN = "0.0.0.0"]
Simple templates can be also created using the command line instead of creating a template file. The parameters to

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do this for onetemplate are:

Parameter

Description

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--namename Name for the VM
--cpucpu CPU percentage reserved for the VM (1=100% one CPU)


35 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Parameter

Description

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--vcpuvcpu Number of virtualized CPUs
--archarch Architecture of the VM, e.g.: i386 or x86_64
--memorymemory Memory ammount given to the VM
--diskdisk0,disk1 Disks to attach. To use a disk owned by other user use user[disk]
--nicvnet0,vnet1 Networks to attach. To use a network owned by other user use user[network]

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--rawstring
Raw string to add to the template. Not to be confused with the RAW attribute. If you want
to provide more than one element, just include an enter inside quotes, instead of using
more than one -raw option
--vnc Add VNC server to the VM

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--ssh[file]
Add an ssh public key to the context. If the file is omited then the user variable
SSH_PUBLIC_KEY will be used.
--net_context Add network contextualization parameters
--contextline1,line2 * Lines to add to the context section

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--bootdevice Select boot device (hd, fd, cdrom or network)
A similar template as the previous example can be created with the following command:
$ onetemplate create --name test-vm --memory 128 --cpu 1 --disk "Arch Linux" --nic Public
Managing Virtual Machines
Assuming we have a VM Template registered called vm-example with ID 6, then we can instantiate the VM issuing

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a:
$ onetemplate list

ID USER GROUP NAME REGTIME
6 oneadminoneadminvm_example 09/28 06:44:07

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$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm


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VM ID: 0
If the template has USER INPUTSdefined the CLI will prompt the user for these values:
$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm

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There are some parameters that require user input.

* (BLOG_TITLE) Blog Title:
* (DB_PASSWORD) Database Password:
VM ID: 0

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Afterwards, the VM can be listed with the onevmlist command. You can also use the onevmtop command to list VMs
continuously.
$ onevm list

ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME

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0 oneadminoneadminmy_vm pend 0 0K 00 00:00:03
After a Scheduling cycle, the VM will be automatically deployed. But the deployment can also be forced by oneadmin
using onevmdeploy:
$ onehost list

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ID NAME RVM TCPU FCPU ACPU TMEM FMEM AMEM STAT
2 testbed 0 800 800 800 16G 16G16G on
$ onevm deploy 0 2

$ onevm list

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ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME
0 oneadminoneadminmy_vmrunn 0 0K testbed 00 00:02:40

$ onevm show 0

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VIRTUAL MACHINE 0 INFORMATION
ID :0
NAME : my_vm
USER : oneadmin
GROUP : oneadmin

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STATE : ACTIVE

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LCM_STATE : RUNNING
START TIME : 04/14 09:00:24
END TIME : -
DEPLOY ID: : one-0
PERMISSIONS

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OWNER : um-
GROUP : ---
OTHER : ---
VIRTUAL MACHINE MONITORING
NET_TX : 13.05

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NET_RX : 0
USED MEMORY : 512
USED CPU : 0
VIRTUAL MACHINE TEMPLATE
VIRTUAL MACHINE HISTORY

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SEQ HOSTNAME REASON START TIME PTIME

0 testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00
testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00

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38 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to run virtual machines on different configuration was successfully executed & its utilization time is
checked in various machines.

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39 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find procedure to run the virtual machine of different
Configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
Applications:
? An advantage of virtualizing the workload?s I/O path enables hardware independence by
abstracting vendor specific drivers to more generalized versions that run on the hypervisor.

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? It allows the live migration, which is one of virtualization?s greatest availability strengths
? The sharing of aggregate resources, such as network paths

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1. What is cloud computing?
2. What are the benefits of cloud computing?
3. What are the different data types used in cloud computing?
4. What are the different layers in cloud computing?
5. What do you mean by software as a service?

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6. What is on-demand functionality? How is it provided in cloud computing?
7. What are the platforms used for large scale cloud computing?
8. What are the different models for deployment in cloud computing?
9. What is the difference between cloud computing and mobile computing?
10. What are the open source cloud computing platform databases?

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11. What is the difference between cloud and traditional datacenters?
12. Why API's is used in cloud services?
13. What are the different datacenters in cloud computing?
14. Define API in data virtualization?
15. List of API in cloud?

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Viva-voce


40 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No.02: FIND PROCEDURE TO ATTACH VIRTUAL BLOCK TO
THE VIRTUAL MACHINE AND CHECK WHETHER IT HOLDS THE
DATA EVEN AFTER THE RELEASE OF THE VIRTUAL MACHINE.
Aim:
To find a procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even after the

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release of the virtual machine

Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

Procedure:
VirtualBox uses a special kernel module called vboxdrv to perform physical memory allocation and to gain control of

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the processor for guest system execution. Without this kernel module, you can still use the VirtualBox manager to
configure virtual machines, but they will not start. In addition, there are the network kernel modules vboxnetflt and
vboxnetadp which are required for the more advanced networking features of VirtualBox.
The VirtualBox kernel module is automatically installed on your system when you install VirtualBox. To
maintain it with future kernel updates, for those Linux distributions which provide it -- most current ones -- we

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recommend installing Dynamic Kernel Module Support (DKMS). This framework helps with building and upgrading
kernel modules.
If DKMS is not already installed, execute one of the following:
On an Ubuntu system:
sudo apt-get install dkms

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If DKMS is available and installed, the VirtualBox kernel module should always work automatically, and it will be
automatically rebuilt if your host kernel is updated.
Otherwise, there are only two situations in which you will need to worry about the kernel module:
1. The original installation fails. This probably means that your Linux system is not prepared for building
external kernel modules.

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41 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Most Linux distributions can be set up simply by installing the right packages - normally, these will be the

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GNU compiler (GCC), GNU Make (make) and packages containing header files for your kernel - and making
sure that all system updates are installed and that the system is running the most up-to-date kernel included
in the distribution. The version numbers of the header file packages must be the same as that of the kernel
you are using.
? With Debian and Ubuntu releases, you must install the right version of the linux-headers and if it exists

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the linux-kbuild package. Current Ubuntu releases should have the right packages installed by default.
? In even older Debian and Ubuntu releases, you must install the right version of the kernel-headers
package.
? On Fedora and Redhat systems, the package is kernel-devel.
? On SUSE and openSUSE Linux, you must install the right versions of the kernel-source and kernel-syms

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packages.
? If you have built your own kernel, you will need to make sure that you also installed all the required
header and other files for building external modules to the right locations. The details of how to do
this will depend on how you built your kernel, and if you are unsure you should consult the
documentation which you followed to do so.

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2. The kernel of your Linux host was updated and DKMS is not installed. In that case, the kernel module will
need to be reinstalled by executing (as root):
rcvboxdrv setup
Performing the installation
VirtualBox is available in a number of package formats native to various common Linux distributions. In addition,

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there is an alternative generic installer (.run) which should work on most Linux distributions.
Installing VirtualBox from a Debian/Ubuntu package
First, download the appropriate package for your distribution. The following examples assume that you are installing
to a 32-bit Ubuntu Wily system. Use dpkg to install the Debian package:
sudodpkg -i virtualbox-5.0_5.0.20_Ubuntu_wily_i386.deb

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The installer will also try to build kernel modules suitable for the current running kernel. If the build process is not
successful you will be shown a warning and the package will be left unconfigured. Please have a look at /var/log/vbox-
install.log to find out why the compilation failed. You may have to install the appropriate Linux kernel After correcting
any problems, do

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sudorcvboxdrv setup
This will start a second attempt to build the module.

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If a suitable kernel module was found in the package or the module was successfully built, the installation script will
attempt to load that module.
Once VirtualBox has been successfully installed and configured, you can start it by selecting "VirtualBox" in your
start menu or from the command line.
Using the alternative installer (VirtualBox.run)

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The alternative installer performs the following steps:
? It unpacks the application files to the target directory,
/opt/VirtualBox/
which cannot be changed.
? It builds the VirtualBox kernel modules (vboxdrv, vboxnetflt and vboxnetadp) and installs them.

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? It creates /sbin/rcvboxdrv, an init script to start the VirtualBox kernel module.
? It creates a new system group called vboxusers.
? It creates symbolic links in /usr/bin to the a shell script (/opt/VirtualBox/VBox) which does some sanity checks
and dispatches to the actual executables, VirtualBox, VBoxSDL, VBoxVRDP, VBoxHeadless and VBoxManage
? It creates /etc/udev/rules.d/60-vboxdrv.rules, a description file for udev, if that is present, which makes the USB

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devices accessible to all users in the vboxusers group.
? It writes the installation directory to /etc/vbox/vbox.cfg.
The installer must be executed as root with either install or uninstall as the first parameter.
sudo ./VirtualBox.run install
Or if you do not have the "sudo" command available, run the following as root instead:

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./VirtualBox.run install


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After that you need to put every user which should be able to access USB devices from VirtualBox guests in the
group vboxusers, either through the GUI user management tools or by running the following command as root:
sudousermod -a -G vboxusers username
Performing a manual installation
If, for any reason, you cannot use the shell script installer described previously, you can also perform a manual

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installation. Invoke the installer like this:
./VirtualBox.run --keep --noexec
This will unpack all the files needed for installation in the directory install under the current directory. The VirtualBox
application files are contained in VirtualBox.tar.bz2 which you can unpack to any directory on your system. For
example:

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sudomkdir /opt/VirtualBox
sudo tar jxf ./install/VirtualBox.tar.bz2 -C /opt/VirtualBox
or as root:
mkdir /opt/VirtualBox
tarjxf ./install/VirtualBox.tar.bz2 -C /opt/VirtualBox

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The sources for VirtualBox's kernel module are provided in the src directory. To build the module, change to the
directory and issuemake
If everything builds correctly, issue the following command to install the module to the appropriate module directory:
sudo make install
In case you do not have sudo, switch the user account to root and performmake install

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The VirtualBox kernel module needs a device node to operate. The above make command will tell you how to create
the device node, depending on your Linux system. The procedure is slightly different for a classical Linux setup with
a /dev directory, a system with the now deprecated devfs and a modern Linux system with udev.
Note that the /dev/vboxdrv kernel module device node must be owned by root:root and must be read/writable only for
the user.Next, you will have to install the system initialization script for the kernel module:

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cp /opt/VirtualBox/vboxdrv.sh /sbin/rcvboxdrv
mkdir /etc/vbox
echo INSTALL_DIR=/opt/VirtualBox> /etc/vbox/vbox.cfg

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and, for convenience, create the following symbolic links:
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VirtualBox
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxManage

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ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxHeadless
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxSDL

Sample Output:

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Result:

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Thus the program to attach virtual block to virtual machine was successfully executed & checked whether it holds the
data after the release of the virtual machine.


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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find a procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual

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machine and check whether it holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
Application:
? To support the Cloud Computing with the Virtual Block Store System. The fast development of cloud
computing systems stimulates the needs for a standalone block storage system to provide persistent
block storage services to virtual machines maintained by clouds.

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1. What is Type-1 and Type-2 hypervisor?
2. What is the use of virsh command?

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3. Explain how you can transfer volume from one owner to another in Open Stack?
4. Discuss about KVM Features?
5. What is Virtual block?
6. What is Virtualization?
7. What are virtual clusters?

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8. How virtualization happens in data center?
9. List some of the open source grid middleware packages.
10. What is a programming model?
11. What is Hadoop?
12. What are map and reduce functions?

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13. How to run a job in hadoop?
14. What is HDFS?
15. What are the open source grid middleware packages?
16. What is peer to peer computing?
17. What are node clusters?

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18. How virtual migration happens in data center?
Viva-voce


46 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No.03: INSTALL A C COMPILER IN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE AND
EXECUTE A SAMPLE PROGRAM.
Aim:
To Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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1. Create a VM and Install any OS on it.
2.Install a C compiler on OS
3.Open a Editor and type the sample program and Save.
4.Compile and run the Program
Example:

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C programming on Linux based Environement

1. Open Terminal (Applications-Accessories-Terminal)
2. Open gedit by typing ?gedit&? on terminal(You can also use any other Text Editor application)
3. Type the following on gedit

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(or any other text editor)
#include
main()
{
printf("Hello World\n");

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}
Save this file as
?helloworld. C?
5. Type ?ls? on Terminal to see all files under current folder
6. Confirm that ?helloworld.c? is in the current directory.

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If not, type cd DIRECTORY_PATH to go to the
directory that has ?helloworld.c?
7. Type ?gcchelloworld.c? to compile, and type ?ls? to
confirm that a new executable file ?a.out? is created
8. Type ?./a.out? on Terminal to run the program

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47 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to install a C complier is done and the sample program was executed successfully.

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48 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and
execute a sample program
Application:

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The application of installing a C compiler in the virtual machine benefits to have a portable executable, for
each platform.

1. What is the difference between Xen & KVM ?
2. What are different hypervisors available in Linux ?

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3. Which command is used to list all virtual machine running on the KVM hypervisor ?
4. What are the different states of a VM in Xen hypervisor ?
5. How to forcefully shutdown the KVM based virtual machine from the command line ?
6. What is virtual Machine?
7. What is Compiler?

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8. What is Directory?
9. List the C Compilers available?
10. What is virtualization?
11. List out VM operations
12. What are different hypervisors available in windows?

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13. How to implement applications on the cloud to install C compiler?
14. What are grid and cloud tools available?
15. What is hypervisor?
Viva-voce

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49 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No.04: SHOW THE VIRTUAL MACHINE MIGRATION BASED ON
THE CERTAIN CONDITION FROM ONE NODE TO THE OTHER.

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Aim:
To Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other

Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

Procedure:

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1.Update source and target virtual machines to latest package versions
To help ensure that platform images between cloud providers are running the same version of key operating system
packages, update these packages to the latest versions on both source and target virtual machines.
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

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2. Install rsync and screen packages on source and target virtual machines
The migration of application packages and files in this process will use rsync over ssh between source and target
virtual machines. The actual transfer of files between virtual machines can take some time, so I also recommend
using screen so that you can easily re-attach to an in-progress migration session if you are inadvertently
disconnected.

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Ensure that rsync and screen packages are installed on both the source and target virtual machines with these
commands:
sudo apt-get install rsync
sudo apt-get install screen
3. Add a consistent user account to both source and target virtual machines

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To facilitate the migration process, ensure that you have a consistent user account configured on both source and
target virtual machines with sudo enabled. The newly provisioned target virtual machines from Task 3 already
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

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0 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

College o f Engineering
?

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DEPARTMENT OF
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

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CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
VII SEMESTER - R 2013

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Name : ______________________________________
Reg. No. : ______________________________________
Section : ______________________________________
LABORATORY MANUAL

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1 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

DHANALAKSHMI

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is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and enterprising
professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and training.

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? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic Excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart and
soul

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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

To strive for acquiring, applying and imparting knowledge in Computer Science and Engineering through quality
education and to provide enthusiastic professionals with commitment

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? To produce highly competent and globally employable engineers in the field of Computer Science and
Engineering
? To inculcate human values among the student community and make them realize their commitment to the society
? To exhibit excellence in pursuit of research and innovative products with a zeal to serve the society

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VISION
VISION
MISSION

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MISSION


2 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)
1. Fundamentals
To provide students with a solid foundation in Mathematics, Science and fundamentals of engineering, enabling
them to apply, to find solutions for engineering problems and use this knowledge to acquire higher education
2. Core Competence

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To train the students in Computer science and engineering technologies so that they apply their knowledge and
training to compare, and to analyze various engineering industrial problems to find solutions
3. Breadth
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice this enables them to
find solutions for the real time problems in industry, and to design products

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4. Professionalism
To inculcate professional and effective communication skills, leadership qualities and team spirit in the students
to make them multi-faceted personalities and develop their ability to relate engineering issues to broader social
context
5. Lifelong Learning/Ethics

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To demonstrate and practice ethical and professional responsibilities in the industry and society in the large,
through commitment and lifelong learning needed for successful professional career

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4


PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)
a) To demonstrate and apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in

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Electronics and Communication Engineering field
b) To design a component, a system or a process to meet the specific needs within the realistic constraints
such as economics, environment, ethics, health, safety and manufacturability
c) To demonstrate the competency to use software tools for computation, simulation and testing of electronics and
communication engineering circuits

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d) To identify, formulate and solve electronic and communication engineering problems
e) To demonstrate an ability to visualize and work on laboratory and multidisciplinary tasks
f) To function as a member or a leader in multidisciplinary activities
g) To communicate in verbal and written form with fellow engineers and society at large
h) To understand the impact of Electronics and Communication Engineering in the society and demonstrate awareness

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of contemporary issues and commitment to give solutions exhibiting social responsibility
i) To demonstrate professional & ethical responsibilities
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To participate and succeed in competitive exams

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5 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

SYLLABUS
Learn the working of ARM processor
Understand the Building Blocks of Embedded Systems

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Learn the concept of memory map and memory interface
Know the characteristics of Real Time Systems
Write programs to interface memory, I/Os with processor
Study the interrupt performance
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

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GRID COMPUTING LAB
Use Globus Toolkit or equivalent and do the following:
1. Develop a new Web Service for Calculator.
2. Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service.
3. Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service.

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4. Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs
5. Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus Toolkit.
6. Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it with and without
GRAM concept.

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CLOUD COMPUTING LAB
Use Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent to set up the cloud and demonstrate.
1. Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines
COURSE OBJECTIVES

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6 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

can be utilized at particular time.
2. Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even

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after the release of the virtual machine.
3. Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program.
4. Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other.
5. Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it.
6. Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster.

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7. Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE.
8. Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it.
9. Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits.
? Design and implement applications on the Grid.
? Design and Implement applications on the Cloud.

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? Design network objects by applying the networking concepts.
? Create virtualization concept.
? Design web based applications.
? Apply cloud tools for resource allocation.
? Apply grid tools for network translation.

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? Design private cloud using open stack.
COURSE OUTCOMES

7

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CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
CONTENTS
Sl. No. Name of the Experiment Page No.
CYCLE 1 ? EXPERIMENTS ( GRID COMPUTING)

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1
Develop a new Web Service for Calculator 7
2
Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service 16
3

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Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service 19
4
Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs 22
5
Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus

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Toolkit
25
6
Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it
with and without GRAM concept

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27
CYCLE 2 ? EXPERIMENTS (CLOUD COMPUTING)
1
Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how
many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time

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34
2
Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it
holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
36

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3 Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program 39
4
Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to
the other
42

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5 Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it 45
6 Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster 47
7 Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE
ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS
1 Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it 52

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2 Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks 55

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8 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO GRID COMPUTING

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GRID TECHNOLOGY

? Flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and
resource

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? Grid architecture
? Defined using services and protocols
? Using the ?sand hourglass? model similar to the TCP/IP protocol stack

"A computational grid is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides dependable, consistent, pervasive and

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inexpensive access to high-end computational capabilities."
Grid computing makes it possible to dynamically share and coordinate dispersed, heterogeneous computing
resources. Flexibility and ubiquity are essential characteristics of Web services technologies such as WSDL (Web
Services Description Language), SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), and UDDI (Universal Description,
Discovery, and Integration).

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The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) combines technologies to unlock and exploit grid-attached resources.
OGSA defines mechanisms to create, manage, and exchange information between Grid Services, a special type of
Web service. The architecture uses WSDL extensively to describe the structure and behavior of a service. Service
descriptions are located and discovered using Web Services Inspection Language (WSIL). By combining elements
from grid computing and Web services technologies, OGSA establishes an extensible and interoperable design and

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development framework for Grid Services that includes details for service definition, discovery, and life-cycle
management.


9 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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GLOBUS TOOLKIT

The Globus Toolkit provides software tools to make it easier to build computational grids and grid-based

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applications. The Globus Toolkit is both an open architecture and open source toolkit.

? The Globus Toolkit is a product of the Globus Alliance (http://www.globus.org)
? It is middleware for developing grids
? The current release is 6.0.

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? Four key protocols and APIs
? Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI)
? Grid Resource Allocation & Mgmt (GRAM)
? Grid Resource Information Protocol (GRIP) and Index Information Protocol (GIIP)
? Grid File Transfer Protocol (GridFTP)

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? Implementations on many platforms
? Resources, security systems, data models,
? Various collective layer protocols & tools
? Info services, replica management, etc.
? A basis for many Grid-enabled tools & apps

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FTP, SSH, Condor, SRB, MPI, EDG, GridPort,
GLOBUS TOOLKIT? COMPONENTS
? Security
? GSI ? Grid Security Infrastructure
? Resource Management

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? GRAM ? Grid Resource Allocation Manager
o globusrun
o RSL
o gatekeeper
o job manager

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o DUROC ? Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator
? Information Services
? MDS ? Monitoring and Discovery Service

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10 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

o GRIS ? Grid Resource Information Service
o GIIS ? Grid Index Information Service
o MDS Client

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? Data Management
o GridFTP, GASS
The Globus Toolkit latest version 6.0 includes:
GSI: security
GridFTP: file transfer

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GRAM: job execution/resource management
MyProxy: credential repository/certificate authority
GSI-OpenSSH: GSI secure single sign-on remote shell

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11 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

GLOBUS TOOLKIT INSTALLATION PROCEDURE
Step1: For installing Globus Toolkit nothing more easy than download the latest package:
http://toolkit.globus.org/ftppub/gt6/installers/repo/globus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb

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sudodpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Step2: Update the repositories: sudo apt-get update
Step3: To install Debian or Ubuntu package, download the globus-toolkit-repo package
from the link above and install it with the command:
root@sysa63:/home/#dpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb

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Do the following for Debian-based systems:
root@sysa63:/home/#apt-get install globus-data-management-client

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12 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 01: DEVELOP A NEW WEB SERVICE FOR CALCULATOR

Aim:
Develop a Web Service for new Calculator

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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1. Our first web service is an extremely simple Math Web Service, which we'll refer to asMathService. It will
2. allow users to perform the following operations:
a. Addition
b. Subtraction
3. Furthermore, MathService will have the following resource properties (RPs for short):

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a. Value (integer)
b. Last operation performed (string)
4. We will also add a "Get Value" operation to access the Value RP. Once a new resource is created, the
"value" RP is initialized to zero, and the "last operation" RP is initialized to "NONE". The parameter is
added/subtracted to the "value" RP, and the "last operation" RP is changed to "ADDITION" or

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"SUBTRACTION" accordingly. Also, the addition and subtraction operations don't return anything.
5. Writing and deploying a WSRF Web Service is easier than you might think. You just have to follow five
simple steps.
6. Define the service's interface. This is done with WSDL
7. Implement the service. This is done with Java.

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8. Define the deployment parameters. This is done with WSDD and JNDI
9. Compile everything and generate a GAR file. This is done with Ant
10. Deploy service. This is also done with a GT4 tool

Sample Code:

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_instance"
xmlns ="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"
xmlns:tns="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/examples/core/MathService_instance"
xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsrp="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-

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ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.xsd" xmlns:wsrpw="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-


13 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.wsdl"
xmlns:wsdlpp="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/2004/10/WSDLPreprocessor"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">

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Result:
Thus the program for developing web service for new calculator was successfully executed.

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14 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid by using Web Service for new Calculator
Applications:
To make a calculator in Windows application using web service

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1) What is Web Service?
2) What are the advantages of web services?
3) What are the different types of web services?
4) What is SOAP?

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5) What are the advantages of SOAP web services?
6) What are the disadvantages of SOAP web services?
7) What is WSDL?
8) What is UDDI?
9) What are RESTful web services?

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10) What are the advantages of RESTful web services?
11) What is the difference between SOAP and REST web services?
12) What is SOA service architecture?
13) What tools are used to deploy web services?
14) What is Web Service architecture?

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15) What are the advantages of web services in globus toolkit?
16) What are the different types of web services?
17) What is SOAP web services?
18) What is UDP and TCP?
19) What is stateless SOA?

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20) What is data balancing in WSDL?
Viva-voce


15 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 02: DEVELOP NEW OGSA-COMPLIANT WEB SERVICE

Aim:
To develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid Service using .NET language.

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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1. Developed by the Global Grid Forum
2. Aims to define a common, standard, open architecture for Grid Applications.
3. Defines a set of rules that make up a grid service.
4. Sharing and Coordinated use of diverse resources in Dynamic VO's

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Result:
Thus the program for developing OGSA- Complaint web service was successfully executed.

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16 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid
Service using .NET language
Applications:

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? Sharing of information among diverse components of large heterogenous grid systems
? WAN

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1. How would you decide what style of Web Service to use? SOAP WS or REST?
2. Does the service expose data or business logic?
3. Do consumers and the service providers require a formal contract?
4. Do we need to support multiple data formats?
5. Do we need to make AJAX calls?

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6. Is the call synchronous or asynchronous?
7. What level of security is required?
8. What level of transaction support is required?
9. Do we have limited band width?
10. What tools do you use to test your Web Services?

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11. What is the difference between SOA and a Web service?
12. What is a microservice architecture (aka MSA)?
13. What is data integrity?
14. What is cloud infrastructure?

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Viva-voce


17 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 03: USING APACHE AXIS DEVELOP A GRID SERVICE

Aim:
To develop a Grid service using Apache Axis

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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1. Creating the New Level in the Package
2. Edit the Configuration Files
3. Modify the Service Code
4. Modify the Client
5. Compile and Deploy

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6. Starting the Container
7. Compile the Client
8. Run the Client

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18 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00



Sample Output:

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Addition was successful
Subtraction was successful
Multiplication was successful
Division was successful
Current value: 20.

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Result:
Thus the program for Grid Service using Apache Axis was successfully executed.


19 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid service using Apache Axis

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Applications:
? To create web service in Java
? To work with Globus Tool kit standards web service

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1. What are the different application integration styles?
2. What is Grid Computing?
3. What is QOS?
4. What are the derivatives of grid computing?
5. What are the features of data grids?

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6. What is load balancing?
7. What is grid infrastructure?
8. Define ? Distributed Computing.
9. Define ? OSGI.
10. Define ? OSGA.

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11. What is the use of API?s in cloud services?
12. What is the difference between cloud and grid?
13. What is data communication?
14. What are the elements of data communication?

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Viva-voce

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20 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 04: DEVELOP APPLICATIONS USING JAVA OR C/C++ GRID

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APIS
Aim:
To develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Import all the necessary java packages and name the file as GridLayoutDemo.java
2. Set up components to preferred size

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3. Add buttons to experiment with Grid Layout
4. Add controls to set up horizontal and vertical gaps
5. Process the Apply gaps button press
6. Create the GUI
7. Create and set up the window,Set up the content pane and Display the Window

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8. Schedule a job for the event dispatch thread
9. Show the application's GUI

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21 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:

Figure 1: Horizontal, Left-to-Right Figure 2: Horizontal, Right-to-Left

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Result:

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Thus the program to develop an application in java using Grid APIs was successfully executed.


22 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Applications:

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Used for defining a application programme interface for common distributes computing functionality



1) Describe the two most important advantages of using Distributed/Grid Computing.

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2) What is the main function of DNS?
3) Briefly outline two applications of Public Key systems.
4) Provide one major difference between synchronous and asynchronous communication.
5) Provide one major difference between ASCII and Unicode encodings.
6) Provide two major differences between sequential computing and parallel computing.

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7) Write the any three Grid Applications.
8) Give the examples of Hardware service provider.
9) Give the example of software application ASP.
10) What are grid portals? Give example.
11) What are the high level services including in existing globus tool kit?

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12) Name the components available in Nimrod architecture?
13) What are the major objectives of Euro grid project?
14) What is the application specific work packages identified for the Euro grid?
15) Define dynamic accounting system.

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Viva-voce

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23 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

EX.NO. 05: DEVELOP SECURED APPLICATIONS USING BASIC
SECURITY MECHANISMS AVAILABLE IN GLOBUS TOOLKIT.

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Aim:
To develop a secured applications using a basic security mechanisms available in Globus toolkit
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
The Globus Toolkit incorporates multiple security components that establish the identity of users or services
(authentication), protect communications, and determine who is allowed to perform what actions (authorization), as
well as manage user credentials.

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? GSI C: The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and
certificate management.
? MyProxy: MyProxy is open source software for managing X.509 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) security
credentials (certificates and private keys).
? GSI-OpenSSH: GSI-OpenSSH is a modified version of OpenSSH that adds support for X.509 proxy

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certificate authentication and delegation, providing a single sign-on remote login and file transfer service.
The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and certificate
management. The authentication API is built using Public KeyInfrastructure (PKI) technologies, e.g. X.509
Certificates and TLS. In addition to authentication it features a delegation mechanism based upon X.509 Proxy
Certificates. Authorization support takes the form of a couple of APIs. The first provides a generic authorization API

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that allows callouts to perform access control based on the client's credentials (i.e. the X.509 certificate chain). The
second provides a simple access control list that maps authorized remote entities to local (system) user names. The
second mechanism also provides callouts that allow third parties to override the default behavior and is currently
used in the Gatekeeper and GridFTP servers. In addition to the above there are various lower level APIs and tools
for managing, discovering and querying certificates.

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Components for Grid Security
1. Basic Security Mechanisms
2. Components for Credential Generation
3. Components for Credential Management

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Beyond verifying the identities of users and services, basic Grid security mechanisms leave access control decisions
to services. The Grid community has developed authorization and access control tools for storing and providing

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access to system-wide authorization information and for creating a central data store for supporting decentralized
control mechanisms.
Basic Security Mechanisms
? Pre-Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A non-Web services implementation of the Grid
Security Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI

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mechanisms
? Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A Web services implementation of the Grid Security
Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI mechanisms

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Result:
Thus the program to develop a security application available in Globus toolkit was successfully executed.

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a secured applications using a basic security
mechanisms available in Globus toolkit

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25 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Applications:
To provide easy acces to best breed open source network security


1. What are the collective services available in grid computing?

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2. What are the basic principles of autonomous computing?
3. What are the four essential characteristics of on demand business?
4. What are the essential capabilities provided by on demand business?
5. What are the two most important technologies for building semantic webs?
6. Define Peer to Peer computing?

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7. What is the combination of Globus GT3 toolkit?
8. What is a GT3 core?
9. What are the components available in service model?
10. Define WS-Trust
11. Define WS ?Federation

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12. Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
13. Who are the actors in CDC?
14. Mention the scenarios in CDC?
15. What are the functional requirements of CDC on OGSA?

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Viva-voce

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26 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 06: DEVELOP A GRID PORTAL, WHERE USER CAN SUBMIT
A JOB AND GET THE RESULT, IMPLEMENT IT WITH AND WITHOUT

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GRAM CONCEPT.
Aim:
To develop a Grid portal and implement it with and without GRAM concept
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

Procedure:
Multiple times that the likely user interface to grid applications will be through portals, specifically Web portals. A grid

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portal may be constructed as a Web page interface to provide easy access to grid applications. The Web user
interface provides user authentication, job submission, job monitoring, and results of the job.
Globus Resource Allocation Manager (GRAM)
When a job is submitted by a client, the request is sent to the remote host and handled by a gatekeeper daemon.
The gatekeeper creates a job manager to start and monitor the job. When the job is finished, the job manager

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sends the status information back to the client and terminates.
The GRAM subsystem consists of the following elements:
? The globusrun command and associated APIs Resource Specification Language (RSL)
? The gatekeeper daemon The job manager Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator (DUROC)
Each of these elements are described briefly below.

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The globusrun command
The globusrun command (or its equivalent API) submits a job to a resource within the grid. This command
is typically passed an RSL string (see below) that specifies parameters and other properties required to successfully
launch and run the job

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27 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Resource Specification Language (RSL)
RSL is a language used by clients to specify the job to be run. All job submission requests are described in an RSL

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string that includes information such as the executable file; its parameters; information about redirection of stdin,
stdout, and stderr; and so on. Basically it provides a standard way of specifying all of the information required to
execute a job, independent of the target environment. It is then the responsibility of the job manager on the target
system to parse the information and launch the job in the appropriate way.
The syntax of RSL is very straightforward. Each statement is enclosed within parenthesis. Comments are

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designated with parenthesis and asterisks, for example, (* this is a comment *). Supported attributes include the
following:
rsl_substitution: Defines variables
executable: The script or command to be run
arguments: Information or flags to be passed to the executable

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stdin: Specifies the remote URL and local file used for the executable stdout: Specifies the remote file to place
standard output from the job stderr: Specifies the remote file to place standard error from the job queue: Specifies the
queue to submit the job (requires a scheduler) count: Specifies the number of executions
directory: Specifies the directory to run the job
project: Specifies a project account for the job (requires a scheduler) dryRun: Verifies the RSL string but

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does not run the job
maxMemory: Specifies the maximum amount of memory in MBs required for the job
minMemory: Specifies the minimum amount of memory in MBs required for the job
hostCount: Specifies the number of nodes in a cluster required for the job environment: Specifies environment
variables that are required for the job

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jobType: Specifies the type of job single process, multi-process, mpi, or condor
maxTime: Specifies the maximum execution wall or cpu time for one execution
maxWallTime: Specifies the maximum walltime for one execution maxCpuTime: Specifies the maximum
cpu time for one execution
gramMyjob: Specifies the whether the gram myjob interface starts one process/thread (independent) or more

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(collective)


28 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to develop Grid Portal was successfully executed.


29 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid portal and implement it with and

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without GRAM concept
Application:
? It is useful and necessary for interfaces for the performance of operations on the Grid. The Grid
Portal Development Kit (GPDK) facilitates the development of Grid portals and provides several key
reusable components for accessing various Grid services.

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? A Grid Portal provides a customizable interface allowing scientists to perform a variety of Grid
operations including remote program submission, file staging, and querying of information services
from a single, secure gateway.
? The Grid Portal Development Kit leverages off existing Globus/Grid middleware infrastructure as
well as commodity web technology including Java Server Pages and servlets .

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1) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?
2) What are the major goals of OGSA?

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3) What are the more specific goals of OGSA?
4) What are the main purposes of use case defined by OGSA?
5) Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
6) What are the layers available in OGSA architectural organizations?
7) What are the OGSA basic services?

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8) What are the two aspects involved in GRAM?
9) What are the two kinds of lifecycle model associated with state data recovery?
10) What is a GT3 core?
11) What are the major components of default server side framework?
12) What is Grid container?

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13) What are the two levels of security available in GT3?
14) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?
15) What are the two different message-level authentication mechanisms provided by GT3 framework?
16) What are the most common GT3 security handlers?
Viva-voce

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30 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

INTRODUCTION TO CLOUD COMPUTING

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What is cloud computing?
Cloud computing means that instead of all the computer hardware and software you're using sitting on your
desktop, or somewhere inside your company's network, it's provided for you as a service by another company and
accessed over the Internet, usually in a completely seamless way. Exactly where the hardware and software is

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located and how it all works doesn't matter to you, the user?it's just somewhere up in the nebulous "cloud" that the
Internet represents.
Cloud computing is a buzzword that means different things to different people. For some, it's just another way of
describing IT (information technology) "outsourcing"; others use it to mean any computing service provided over the
Internet or a similar network; and some define it as any bought-in computer service you use that sits outside your

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firewall.
Types of cloud computing
IT people talk about three different kinds of cloud computing, where different services are being provided for you.
Note that there's a certain amount of vagueness about how these things are defined and some overlap between
them.

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? Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) means you're buying access to raw computing hardware over the Net,
such as servers or storage. Since you buy what you need and pay-as-you-go, this is often referred to as
utility computing. Ordinary web hosting is a simple example of IaaS: you pay a monthly subscription or a
per-megabyte/gigabyte fee to have a hosting company serve up files for your website from their servers.
? Software as a Service (SaaS) means you use a complete application running on someone else's system.

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Web-based email and Google Documents are perhaps the best-known examples. Zoho is another well-
known SaaS provider offering a variety of office applications online.
? Platform as a Service (PaaS) means you develop applications using Web-based tools so they run on
systems software and hardware provided by another company. So, for example, you might develop your
own ecommerce website but have the whole thing, including the shopping cart, checkout, and payment

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mechanism running on a merchant's server. App Cloud (from salesforce.com) and the Google App Engine
are examples of PaaS.
Advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing
Advantages
The pros of cloud computing are obvious and compelling. If your business is selling books or repairing shoes,

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why get involved in the nitty gritty of buying and maintaining a complex computer system? If you run an insurance
office, do you really want your sales agents wasting time running anti-virus software, upgrading word-processors, or
worrying about hard-drive crashes? Do you really want them cluttering your expensive computers with their personal

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emails, illegally shared MP3 files, and naughty YouTube videos?when you could leave that responsibility to
someone else? Cloud computing allows you to buy in only the services you want, when you want them, cutting the
upfront capital costs of computers and peripherals. You avoid equipment going out of date and other familiar IT

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problems like ensuring system security and reliability. You can add extra services (or take them away) at a moment's
notice as your business needs change. It's really quick and easy to add new applications or services to your
business without waiting weeks or months for the new computer (and its software) to arrive.
Drawbacks
Instant convenience comes at a price. Instead of purchasing computers and software, cloud computing means you

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buy services, so one-off, upfront capital costs become ongoing operating costs instead. That might work out much
more expensive in the long-term.
If you're using software as a service (for example, writing a report using an online word processor or sending emails
through webmail), you need a reliable, high-speed, broadband Internet connection functioning the whole time you're
working. That's something we take for granted in countries such as the United States, but it's much more of an issue

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in developing countries or rural areas where broadband is unavailable.
An Introduction to Cloud Computing with OpenNebula
An OpenNebula Private Cloud provides infrastructure users with an elastic platform for fast delivery and scalability of
services to meet dynamic demands of service end-users. Services are hosted in VMs, and then submitted,
monitored and controlled in the Cloud by using Sunstone or any of the OpenNebula interfaces:

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? Command Line Interface (CLI)
? XML-RPC API
? OpenNebulaRuby and Java Cloud APIs
The aim of a Private Cloud is not to expose to the world a cloud interface to sell capacity over the Internet, but to
provide local cloud users and administrators with a flexible and agile private infrastructure to run virtualized service

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workloads within the administrative domain. OpenNebula virtual infrastructure interfaces expose user and
administrator functionality for virtualization, networking, image and physical resource configuration, management,
monitoring and accounting.

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32 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No.1: FIND PROCEDURE TO RUN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE OF
DIFFERENT CONFIGURATION. CHECK HOW MANY VIRTUAL
MACHINES CAN BE UTILIZED AT PARTICULAR TIME.

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Aim:
To Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be
utilized at particular time
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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Creating Virtual Machines
In OpenNebula the Virtual Machines are defined with Template files. The Template Repository system allows
OpenNebula administrators and users to register Virtual Machine definitions in the system, to be instantiated later as
Virtual Machine instances. These Templates can be instantiated several times, and also shared with other users.
Virtual Machine Model

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A Virtual Machine within the OpenNebula system consists of:
? A capacity in terms memory and CPU
? A set of NICs attached to one or more virtual networks
? A set of disk images
? A state file (optional) or recovery file, that contains the memory image of a running VM plus some hypervisor

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specific information.
The above items, plus some additional VM attributes like the OS kernel and context information to be used inside the
VM, are specified in a template file.
Defining a VM in 3 Steps
Virtual Machines are defined in an OpenNebula Template. Templates are stored in a repository to easily browse and

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instantiate VMs from them. To create a new Template you have to define 3 things


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? Capacity & Name, how big will the VM be?
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
NAME Name that the VM will get for description purposes. Yes one-
MEMORY Amount of RAM required for the VM, in Megabytes. Yes
CPU CPU ratio (e..g half a physical CPU is 0.5). Yes

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VCPU Number of virtual cpus. No 1
Disks. Each disk is defined with a DISK attribute. A VM can use three types of disk:
? Use a persistent Image changes to the disk image will persist after the VM is shutdown.
? Use a non-persistent Image images are cloned, changes to the image will be lost.
? Volatile disks are created on the fly on the target host. After the VM is shutdown the disk is disposed.

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Persistent and Clone Disks
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
IMAGE_ID and IMAGE The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes
IMAGE_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No self

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IMAGE_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No self
Volatile
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
TYPE
Type of the disk: swap, fs. swap type will set the label to swap so it is

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easier to mount and the context packages will automatically mount it.
Yes
SIZE size in MB Yes
FORMAT
filesystem for fs images: ext2, ext3, etc. raw will not format the image. For

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VMs to run on vmfs or vmwareshared configurations, the valid values are:
Yes


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Attribute Description Mandatory Default
vmdk_thin, vmdk_zeroedthick, vmdk_eagerzeroedthick

Network Interfaces. Each network interface of a VM is defined with the NIC attribute.

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Attribute Description Mandatory Default
NETWORK_ID and NETWORK The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes
NETWORK_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No Self
NETWORK_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No Self

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The following example shows a VM Template file with a couple of disks and a network interface, also a VNC section
was added.
NAME = test-vm
MEMORY = 128
CPU = 1

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DISK = [ IMAGE = "Arch Linux" ]
DISK = [ TYPE = swap,
SIZE = 1024 ]

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NIC = [ NETWORK = "Public", NETWORK_UNAME="oneadmin" ]

GRAPHICS = [
TYPE = "vnc",
LISTEN = "0.0.0.0"]

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Simple templates can be also created using the command line instead of creating a template file. The parameters to
do this for onetemplate are:

Parameter

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Description
--namename Name for the VM
--cpucpu CPU percentage reserved for the VM (1=100% one CPU)

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35 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


Parameter

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Description
--vcpuvcpu Number of virtualized CPUs
--archarch Architecture of the VM, e.g.: i386 or x86_64
--memorymemory Memory ammount given to the VM
--diskdisk0,disk1 Disks to attach. To use a disk owned by other user use user[disk]

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--nicvnet0,vnet1 Networks to attach. To use a network owned by other user use user[network]
--rawstring
Raw string to add to the template. Not to be confused with the RAW attribute. If you want
to provide more than one element, just include an enter inside quotes, instead of using
more than one -raw option

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--vnc Add VNC server to the VM
--ssh[file]
Add an ssh public key to the context. If the file is omited then the user variable
SSH_PUBLIC_KEY will be used.
--net_context Add network contextualization parameters

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--contextline1,line2 * Lines to add to the context section
--bootdevice Select boot device (hd, fd, cdrom or network)
A similar template as the previous example can be created with the following command:
$ onetemplate create --name test-vm --memory 128 --cpu 1 --disk "Arch Linux" --nic Public
Managing Virtual Machines

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Assuming we have a VM Template registered called vm-example with ID 6, then we can instantiate the VM issuing
a:
$ onetemplate list

ID USER GROUP NAME REGTIME

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6 oneadminoneadminvm_example 09/28 06:44:07

$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm

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36 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

VM ID: 0
If the template has USER INPUTSdefined the CLI will prompt the user for these values:
$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm

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There are some parameters that require user input.

* (BLOG_TITLE) Blog Title:
* (DB_PASSWORD) Database Password:

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VM ID: 0
Afterwards, the VM can be listed with the onevmlist command. You can also use the onevmtop command to list VMs
continuously.
$ onevm list

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ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME
0 oneadminoneadminmy_vm pend 0 0K 00 00:00:03
After a Scheduling cycle, the VM will be automatically deployed. But the deployment can also be forced by oneadmin
using onevmdeploy:
$ onehost list

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ID NAME RVM TCPU FCPU ACPU TMEM FMEM AMEM STAT
2 testbed 0 800 800 800 16G 16G16G on
$ onevm deploy 0 2

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$ onevm list

ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME
0 oneadminoneadminmy_vmrunn 0 0K testbed 00 00:02:40

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$ onevm show 0
VIRTUAL MACHINE 0 INFORMATION
ID :0
NAME : my_vm
USER : oneadmin

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GROUP : oneadmin


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STATE : ACTIVE
LCM_STATE : RUNNING
START TIME : 04/14 09:00:24
END TIME : -
DEPLOY ID: : one-0

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PERMISSIONS
OWNER : um-
GROUP : ---
OTHER : ---
VIRTUAL MACHINE MONITORING

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NET_TX : 13.05
NET_RX : 0
USED MEMORY : 512
USED CPU : 0
VIRTUAL MACHINE TEMPLATE

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VIRTUAL MACHINE HISTORY

SEQ HOSTNAME REASON START TIME PTIME

0 testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00

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testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00

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38 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to run virtual machines on different configuration was successfully executed & its utilization time is
checked in various machines.

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39 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find procedure to run the virtual machine of different
Configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
Applications:
? An advantage of virtualizing the workload?s I/O path enables hardware independence by

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abstracting vendor specific drivers to more generalized versions that run on the hypervisor.
? It allows the live migration, which is one of virtualization?s greatest availability strengths
? The sharing of aggregate resources, such as network paths

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1. What is cloud computing?
2. What are the benefits of cloud computing?
3. What are the different data types used in cloud computing?
4. What are the different layers in cloud computing?

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5. What do you mean by software as a service?
6. What is on-demand functionality? How is it provided in cloud computing?
7. What are the platforms used for large scale cloud computing?
8. What are the different models for deployment in cloud computing?
9. What is the difference between cloud computing and mobile computing?

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10. What are the open source cloud computing platform databases?
11. What is the difference between cloud and traditional datacenters?
12. Why API's is used in cloud services?
13. What are the different datacenters in cloud computing?
14. Define API in data virtualization?

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15. List of API in cloud?
Viva-voce


40 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No.02: FIND PROCEDURE TO ATTACH VIRTUAL BLOCK TO
THE VIRTUAL MACHINE AND CHECK WHETHER IT HOLDS THE
DATA EVEN AFTER THE RELEASE OF THE VIRTUAL MACHINE.
Aim:

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To find a procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even after the
release of the virtual machine

Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

Procedure:

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VirtualBox uses a special kernel module called vboxdrv to perform physical memory allocation and to gain control of
the processor for guest system execution. Without this kernel module, you can still use the VirtualBox manager to
configure virtual machines, but they will not start. In addition, there are the network kernel modules vboxnetflt and
vboxnetadp which are required for the more advanced networking features of VirtualBox.
The VirtualBox kernel module is automatically installed on your system when you install VirtualBox. To

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maintain it with future kernel updates, for those Linux distributions which provide it -- most current ones -- we
recommend installing Dynamic Kernel Module Support (DKMS). This framework helps with building and upgrading
kernel modules.
If DKMS is not already installed, execute one of the following:
On an Ubuntu system:

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sudo apt-get install dkms
If DKMS is available and installed, the VirtualBox kernel module should always work automatically, and it will be
automatically rebuilt if your host kernel is updated.
Otherwise, there are only two situations in which you will need to worry about the kernel module:
1. The original installation fails. This probably means that your Linux system is not prepared for building

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external kernel modules.


41 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Most Linux distributions can be set up simply by installing the right packages - normally, these will be the
GNU compiler (GCC), GNU Make (make) and packages containing header files for your kernel - and making
sure that all system updates are installed and that the system is running the most up-to-date kernel included
in the distribution. The version numbers of the header file packages must be the same as that of the kernel
you are using.

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? With Debian and Ubuntu releases, you must install the right version of the linux-headers and if it exists
the linux-kbuild package. Current Ubuntu releases should have the right packages installed by default.
? In even older Debian and Ubuntu releases, you must install the right version of the kernel-headers
package.
? On Fedora and Redhat systems, the package is kernel-devel.

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? On SUSE and openSUSE Linux, you must install the right versions of the kernel-source and kernel-syms
packages.
? If you have built your own kernel, you will need to make sure that you also installed all the required
header and other files for building external modules to the right locations. The details of how to do
this will depend on how you built your kernel, and if you are unsure you should consult the

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documentation which you followed to do so.
2. The kernel of your Linux host was updated and DKMS is not installed. In that case, the kernel module will
need to be reinstalled by executing (as root):
rcvboxdrv setup
Performing the installation

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VirtualBox is available in a number of package formats native to various common Linux distributions. In addition,
there is an alternative generic installer (.run) which should work on most Linux distributions.
Installing VirtualBox from a Debian/Ubuntu package
First, download the appropriate package for your distribution. The following examples assume that you are installing
to a 32-bit Ubuntu Wily system. Use dpkg to install the Debian package:

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sudodpkg -i virtualbox-5.0_5.0.20_Ubuntu_wily_i386.deb
The installer will also try to build kernel modules suitable for the current running kernel. If the build process is not
successful you will be shown a warning and the package will be left unconfigured. Please have a look at /var/log/vbox-
install.log to find out why the compilation failed. You may have to install the appropriate Linux kernel After correcting
any problems, do

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42 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

sudorcvboxdrv setup

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This will start a second attempt to build the module.
If a suitable kernel module was found in the package or the module was successfully built, the installation script will
attempt to load that module.
Once VirtualBox has been successfully installed and configured, you can start it by selecting "VirtualBox" in your
start menu or from the command line.

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Using the alternative installer (VirtualBox.run)
The alternative installer performs the following steps:
? It unpacks the application files to the target directory,
/opt/VirtualBox/
which cannot be changed.

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? It builds the VirtualBox kernel modules (vboxdrv, vboxnetflt and vboxnetadp) and installs them.
? It creates /sbin/rcvboxdrv, an init script to start the VirtualBox kernel module.
? It creates a new system group called vboxusers.
? It creates symbolic links in /usr/bin to the a shell script (/opt/VirtualBox/VBox) which does some sanity checks
and dispatches to the actual executables, VirtualBox, VBoxSDL, VBoxVRDP, VBoxHeadless and VBoxManage

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? It creates /etc/udev/rules.d/60-vboxdrv.rules, a description file for udev, if that is present, which makes the USB
devices accessible to all users in the vboxusers group.
? It writes the installation directory to /etc/vbox/vbox.cfg.
The installer must be executed as root with either install or uninstall as the first parameter.
sudo ./VirtualBox.run install

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Or if you do not have the "sudo" command available, run the following as root instead:
./VirtualBox.run install


43 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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After that you need to put every user which should be able to access USB devices from VirtualBox guests in the
group vboxusers, either through the GUI user management tools or by running the following command as root:
sudousermod -a -G vboxusers username
Performing a manual installation

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If, for any reason, you cannot use the shell script installer described previously, you can also perform a manual
installation. Invoke the installer like this:
./VirtualBox.run --keep --noexec
This will unpack all the files needed for installation in the directory install under the current directory. The VirtualBox
application files are contained in VirtualBox.tar.bz2 which you can unpack to any directory on your system. For

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example:
sudomkdir /opt/VirtualBox
sudo tar jxf ./install/VirtualBox.tar.bz2 -C /opt/VirtualBox
or as root:
mkdir /opt/VirtualBox

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tarjxf ./install/VirtualBox.tar.bz2 -C /opt/VirtualBox
The sources for VirtualBox's kernel module are provided in the src directory. To build the module, change to the
directory and issuemake
If everything builds correctly, issue the following command to install the module to the appropriate module directory:
sudo make install

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In case you do not have sudo, switch the user account to root and performmake install
The VirtualBox kernel module needs a device node to operate. The above make command will tell you how to create
the device node, depending on your Linux system. The procedure is slightly different for a classical Linux setup with
a /dev directory, a system with the now deprecated devfs and a modern Linux system with udev.
Note that the /dev/vboxdrv kernel module device node must be owned by root:root and must be read/writable only for

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the user.Next, you will have to install the system initialization script for the kernel module:
cp /opt/VirtualBox/vboxdrv.sh /sbin/rcvboxdrv
mkdir /etc/vbox
echo INSTALL_DIR=/opt/VirtualBox> /etc/vbox/vbox.cfg

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44 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

and, for convenience, create the following symbolic links:
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VirtualBox

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ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxManage
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxHeadless
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxSDL

Sample Output:

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Result:
Thus the program to attach virtual block to virtual machine was successfully executed & checked whether it holds the
data after the release of the virtual machine.

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45 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find a procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual
machine and check whether it holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
Application:
? To support the Cloud Computing with the Virtual Block Store System. The fast development of cloud
computing systems stimulates the needs for a standalone block storage system to provide persistent

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block storage services to virtual machines maintained by clouds.



1. What is Type-1 and Type-2 hypervisor?

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2. What is the use of virsh command?
3. Explain how you can transfer volume from one owner to another in Open Stack?
4. Discuss about KVM Features?
5. What is Virtual block?
6. What is Virtualization?

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7. What are virtual clusters?
8. How virtualization happens in data center?
9. List some of the open source grid middleware packages.
10. What is a programming model?
11. What is Hadoop?

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12. What are map and reduce functions?
13. How to run a job in hadoop?
14. What is HDFS?
15. What are the open source grid middleware packages?
16. What is peer to peer computing?

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17. What are node clusters?
18. How virtual migration happens in data center?
Viva-voce

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46 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No.03: INSTALL A C COMPILER IN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE AND
EXECUTE A SAMPLE PROGRAM.
Aim:

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To Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
1. Create a VM and Install any OS on it.
2.Install a C compiler on OS
3.Open a Editor and type the sample program and Save.
4.Compile and run the Program

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Example:
C programming on Linux based Environement

1. Open Terminal (Applications-Accessories-Terminal)
2. Open gedit by typing ?gedit&? on terminal(You can also use any other Text Editor application)

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3. Type the following on gedit
(or any other text editor)
#include
main()
{

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printf("Hello World\n");
}
Save this file as
?helloworld. C?
5. Type ?ls? on Terminal to see all files under current folder

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6. Confirm that ?helloworld.c? is in the current directory.
If not, type cd DIRECTORY_PATH to go to the
directory that has ?helloworld.c?
7. Type ?gcchelloworld.c? to compile, and type ?ls? to
confirm that a new executable file ?a.out? is created

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8. Type ?./a.out? on Terminal to run the program



47 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:

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Thus the program to install a C complier is done and the sample program was executed successfully.


48 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and
execute a sample program

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Application:
The application of installing a C compiler in the virtual machine benefits to have a portable executable, for
each platform.

1. What is the difference between Xen & KVM ?

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2. What are different hypervisors available in Linux ?
3. Which command is used to list all virtual machine running on the KVM hypervisor ?
4. What are the different states of a VM in Xen hypervisor ?
5. How to forcefully shutdown the KVM based virtual machine from the command line ?
6. What is virtual Machine?

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7. What is Compiler?
8. What is Directory?
9. List the C Compilers available?
10. What is virtualization?
11. List out VM operations

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12. What are different hypervisors available in windows?
13. How to implement applications on the cloud to install C compiler?
14. What are grid and cloud tools available?
15. What is hypervisor?
Viva-voce

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49 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No.04: SHOW THE VIRTUAL MACHINE MIGRATION BASED ON

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THE CERTAIN CONDITION FROM ONE NODE TO THE OTHER.

Aim:
To Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
1.Update source and target virtual machines to latest package versions
To help ensure that platform images between cloud providers are running the same version of key operating system
packages, update these packages to the latest versions on both source and target virtual machines.
sudo apt-get update

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sudo apt-get upgrade
2. Install rsync and screen packages on source and target virtual machines
The migration of application packages and files in this process will use rsync over ssh between source and target
virtual machines. The actual transfer of files between virtual machines can take some time, so I also recommend
using screen so that you can easily re-attach to an in-progress migration session if you are inadvertently

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disconnected.
Ensure that rsync and screen packages are installed on both the source and target virtual machines with these
commands:
sudo apt-get install rsync
sudo apt-get install screen

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3. Add a consistent user account to both source and target virtual machines
To facilitate the migration process, ensure that you have a consistent user account configured on both source and
target virtual machines with sudo enabled. The newly provisioned target virtual machines from Task 3 already

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50 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

include a user named azureuser with sudo enabled. To configure this same user on each source virtual machine,
use the following commands:
sudogroupadd -g 500 azureuser

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sudouseradd -u 500 -g 500 -m -s /bin/bash azureuser
sudopasswdazureuser
4. Start a screen session for the migration
On the source virtual machine, enter a new screen session for the migration by using the following command:
sudo screen -S AzureMigration

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If you are disconnected from the source virtual machine during the migration process, you can reconnect to the
detached screen session by using the following command after signing in again to the source virtual machine:
sudo screen -r
5. Build an exclusion list of directories and files
During the migration, we want to be careful to skip any files that include configuration information relating to the

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identity of the source virtual machines, such as IP addresses, hostnames, ssh keys, etc. For the Ubuntu-based
virtual machines that we migrated, we used the following commands on each source virtual machine to build our
list of directories and files to exclude from the migration process:
EXCLUDEFILE=/tmp/exclude.file
EXCLUDELIST='/boot /etc/fstab /etc/hostname /etc/issue /etc/hosts

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/etc/sudoers /etc/networks /etc/network/* /etc/resolv.conf
/etc/ssh/* /etc/sysctl.conf /etc/mtab /etc/udev/rules.d/*
/lock /net /tmp'
EXCLUDEPATH=$(echo $EXCLUDELIST | sed 's/\ /\\n/g')
echo -e $EXCLUDEPATH > $EXCLUDEFILE

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find / -name '*cloud-init*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE
find / -name '*cloud-config*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE
find / -name '*cloud-final*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

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0 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

College o f Engineering
?

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DEPARTMENT OF
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

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CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
VII SEMESTER - R 2013

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Name : ______________________________________
Reg. No. : ______________________________________
Section : ______________________________________
LABORATORY MANUAL

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1 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

DHANALAKSHMI

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is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and enterprising
professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and training.

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? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic Excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart and
soul

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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

To strive for acquiring, applying and imparting knowledge in Computer Science and Engineering through quality
education and to provide enthusiastic professionals with commitment

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? To produce highly competent and globally employable engineers in the field of Computer Science and
Engineering
? To inculcate human values among the student community and make them realize their commitment to the society

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? To exhibit excellence in pursuit of research and innovative products with a zeal to serve the society


VISION
VISION

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MISSION
MISSION


2 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)
1. Fundamentals
To provide students with a solid foundation in Mathematics, Science and fundamentals of engineering, enabling
them to apply, to find solutions for engineering problems and use this knowledge to acquire higher education

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2. Core Competence
To train the students in Computer science and engineering technologies so that they apply their knowledge and
training to compare, and to analyze various engineering industrial problems to find solutions
3. Breadth
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice this enables them to

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find solutions for the real time problems in industry, and to design products
4. Professionalism
To inculcate professional and effective communication skills, leadership qualities and team spirit in the students
to make them multi-faceted personalities and develop their ability to relate engineering issues to broader social
context

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5. Lifelong Learning/Ethics
To demonstrate and practice ethical and professional responsibilities in the industry and society in the large,
through commitment and lifelong learning needed for successful professional career

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4


PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)

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a) To demonstrate and apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Electronics and Communication Engineering field
b) To design a component, a system or a process to meet the specific needs within the realistic constraints
such as economics, environment, ethics, health, safety and manufacturability
c) To demonstrate the competency to use software tools for computation, simulation and testing of electronics and

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communication engineering circuits
d) To identify, formulate and solve electronic and communication engineering problems
e) To demonstrate an ability to visualize and work on laboratory and multidisciplinary tasks
f) To function as a member or a leader in multidisciplinary activities
g) To communicate in verbal and written form with fellow engineers and society at large

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h) To understand the impact of Electronics and Communication Engineering in the society and demonstrate awareness
of contemporary issues and commitment to give solutions exhibiting social responsibility
i) To demonstrate professional & ethical responsibilities
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To participate and succeed in competitive exams

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5 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

SYLLABUS
Learn the working of ARM processor

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Understand the Building Blocks of Embedded Systems
Learn the concept of memory map and memory interface
Know the characteristics of Real Time Systems
Write programs to interface memory, I/Os with processor
Study the interrupt performance

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LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
GRID COMPUTING LAB
Use Globus Toolkit or equivalent and do the following:
1. Develop a new Web Service for Calculator.
2. Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service.

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3. Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service.
4. Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs
5. Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus Toolkit.
6. Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it with and without
GRAM concept.

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CLOUD COMPUTING LAB
Use Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent to set up the cloud and demonstrate.
1. Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines
COURSE OBJECTIVES

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6 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

can be utilized at particular time.

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2. Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even
after the release of the virtual machine.
3. Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program.
4. Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other.
5. Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it.

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6. Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster.
7. Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE.
8. Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it.
9. Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits.
? Design and implement applications on the Grid.

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? Design and Implement applications on the Cloud.
? Design network objects by applying the networking concepts.
? Create virtualization concept.
? Design web based applications.
? Apply cloud tools for resource allocation.

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? Apply grid tools for network translation.
? Design private cloud using open stack.
COURSE OUTCOMES

7

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CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
CONTENTS
Sl. No. Name of the Experiment Page No.

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CYCLE 1 ? EXPERIMENTS ( GRID COMPUTING)
1
Develop a new Web Service for Calculator 7
2
Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service 16

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3
Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service 19
4
Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs 22
5

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Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus
Toolkit
25
6
Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it

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with and without GRAM concept
27
CYCLE 2 ? EXPERIMENTS (CLOUD COMPUTING)
1
Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how

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many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
34
2
Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it
holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine

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36
3 Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program 39
4
Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to
the other

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42
5 Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it 45
6 Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster 47
7 Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE
ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS

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1 Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it 52
2 Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks 55

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8 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO GRID COMPUTING

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GRID TECHNOLOGY

? Flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and

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resource
? Grid architecture
? Defined using services and protocols
? Using the ?sand hourglass? model similar to the TCP/IP protocol stack

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"A computational grid is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides dependable, consistent, pervasive and
inexpensive access to high-end computational capabilities."
Grid computing makes it possible to dynamically share and coordinate dispersed, heterogeneous computing
resources. Flexibility and ubiquity are essential characteristics of Web services technologies such as WSDL (Web
Services Description Language), SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), and UDDI (Universal Description,

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Discovery, and Integration).
The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) combines technologies to unlock and exploit grid-attached resources.
OGSA defines mechanisms to create, manage, and exchange information between Grid Services, a special type of
Web service. The architecture uses WSDL extensively to describe the structure and behavior of a service. Service
descriptions are located and discovered using Web Services Inspection Language (WSIL). By combining elements

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from grid computing and Web services technologies, OGSA establishes an extensible and interoperable design and
development framework for Grid Services that includes details for service definition, discovery, and life-cycle
management.

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9 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


GLOBUS TOOLKIT

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The Globus Toolkit provides software tools to make it easier to build computational grids and grid-based
applications. The Globus Toolkit is both an open architecture and open source toolkit.

? The Globus Toolkit is a product of the Globus Alliance (http://www.globus.org)
? It is middleware for developing grids

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? The current release is 6.0.
? Four key protocols and APIs
? Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI)
? Grid Resource Allocation & Mgmt (GRAM)
? Grid Resource Information Protocol (GRIP) and Index Information Protocol (GIIP)

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? Grid File Transfer Protocol (GridFTP)
? Implementations on many platforms
? Resources, security systems, data models,
? Various collective layer protocols & tools
? Info services, replica management, etc.

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? A basis for many Grid-enabled tools & apps
FTP, SSH, Condor, SRB, MPI, EDG, GridPort,
GLOBUS TOOLKIT? COMPONENTS
? Security
? GSI ? Grid Security Infrastructure

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? Resource Management
? GRAM ? Grid Resource Allocation Manager
o globusrun
o RSL
o gatekeeper

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o job manager
o DUROC ? Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator
? Information Services
? MDS ? Monitoring and Discovery Service

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10 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

o GRIS ? Grid Resource Information Service
o GIIS ? Grid Index Information Service

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o MDS Client
? Data Management
o GridFTP, GASS
The Globus Toolkit latest version 6.0 includes:
GSI: security

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GridFTP: file transfer
GRAM: job execution/resource management
MyProxy: credential repository/certificate authority
GSI-OpenSSH: GSI secure single sign-on remote shell

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11 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

GLOBUS TOOLKIT INSTALLATION PROCEDURE
Step1: For installing Globus Toolkit nothing more easy than download the latest package:

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http://toolkit.globus.org/ftppub/gt6/installers/repo/globus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
sudodpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Step2: Update the repositories: sudo apt-get update
Step3: To install Debian or Ubuntu package, download the globus-toolkit-repo package
from the link above and install it with the command:

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root@sysa63:/home/#dpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Do the following for Debian-based systems:
root@sysa63:/home/#apt-get install globus-data-management-client

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12 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 01: DEVELOP A NEW WEB SERVICE FOR CALCULATOR

Aim:

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Develop a Web Service for new Calculator
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
1. Our first web service is an extremely simple Math Web Service, which we'll refer to asMathService. It will
2. allow users to perform the following operations:
a. Addition
b. Subtraction

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3. Furthermore, MathService will have the following resource properties (RPs for short):
a. Value (integer)
b. Last operation performed (string)
4. We will also add a "Get Value" operation to access the Value RP. Once a new resource is created, the
"value" RP is initialized to zero, and the "last operation" RP is initialized to "NONE". The parameter is

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added/subtracted to the "value" RP, and the "last operation" RP is changed to "ADDITION" or
"SUBTRACTION" accordingly. Also, the addition and subtraction operations don't return anything.
5. Writing and deploying a WSRF Web Service is easier than you might think. You just have to follow five
simple steps.
6. Define the service's interface. This is done with WSDL

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7. Implement the service. This is done with Java.
8. Define the deployment parameters. This is done with WSDD and JNDI
9. Compile everything and generate a GAR file. This is done with Ant
10. Deploy service. This is also done with a GT4 tool

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Sample Code:

_instance"
xmlns ="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"
xmlns:tns="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/examples/core/MathService_instance"

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xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsrp="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-
ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.xsd" xmlns:wsrpw="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-


13 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.wsdl"
xmlns:wsdlpp="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/2004/10/WSDLPreprocessor"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">

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Result:
Thus the program for developing web service for new calculator was successfully executed.

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14 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid by using Web Service for new Calculator
Applications:
To make a calculator in Windows application using web service

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1) What is Web Service?
2) What are the advantages of web services?
3) What are the different types of web services?

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4) What is SOAP?
5) What are the advantages of SOAP web services?
6) What are the disadvantages of SOAP web services?
7) What is WSDL?
8) What is UDDI?

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9) What are RESTful web services?
10) What are the advantages of RESTful web services?
11) What is the difference between SOAP and REST web services?
12) What is SOA service architecture?
13) What tools are used to deploy web services?

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14) What is Web Service architecture?
15) What are the advantages of web services in globus toolkit?
16) What are the different types of web services?
17) What is SOAP web services?
18) What is UDP and TCP?

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19) What is stateless SOA?
20) What is data balancing in WSDL?
Viva-voce

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15 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 02: DEVELOP NEW OGSA-COMPLIANT WEB SERVICE

Aim:

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To develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid Service using .NET language.
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:

1. Developed by the Global Grid Forum
2. Aims to define a common, standard, open architecture for Grid Applications.
3. Defines a set of rules that make up a grid service.

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4. Sharing and Coordinated use of diverse resources in Dynamic VO's

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Result:

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Thus the program for developing OGSA- Complaint web service was successfully executed.


16 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid
Service using .NET language

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Applications:
? Sharing of information among diverse components of large heterogenous grid systems
? WAN

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1. How would you decide what style of Web Service to use? SOAP WS or REST?
2. Does the service expose data or business logic?
3. Do consumers and the service providers require a formal contract?
4. Do we need to support multiple data formats?

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5. Do we need to make AJAX calls?
6. Is the call synchronous or asynchronous?
7. What level of security is required?
8. What level of transaction support is required?
9. Do we have limited band width?

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10. What tools do you use to test your Web Services?
11. What is the difference between SOA and a Web service?
12. What is a microservice architecture (aka MSA)?
13. What is data integrity?
14. What is cloud infrastructure?

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Viva-voce

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17 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 03: USING APACHE AXIS DEVELOP A GRID SERVICE

Aim:

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To develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
1. Creating the New Level in the Package
2. Edit the Configuration Files
3. Modify the Service Code
4. Modify the Client

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5. Compile and Deploy
6. Starting the Container
7. Compile the Client
8. Run the Client

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18 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:
Addition was successful
Subtraction was successful
Multiplication was successful
Division was successful

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Current value: 20.

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Result:
Thus the program for Grid Service using Apache Axis was successfully executed.

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19 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Applications:
? To create web service in Java
? To work with Globus Tool kit standards web service

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1. What are the different application integration styles?
2. What is Grid Computing?
3. What is QOS?
4. What are the derivatives of grid computing?

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5. What are the features of data grids?
6. What is load balancing?
7. What is grid infrastructure?
8. Define ? Distributed Computing.
9. Define ? OSGI.

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10. Define ? OSGA.
11. What is the use of API?s in cloud services?
12. What is the difference between cloud and grid?
13. What is data communication?
14. What are the elements of data communication?

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Viva-voce


20 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 04: DEVELOP APPLICATIONS USING JAVA OR C/C++ GRID
APIS
Aim:
To develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Import all the necessary java packages and name the file as GridLayoutDemo.java

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2. Set up components to preferred size
3. Add buttons to experiment with Grid Layout
4. Add controls to set up horizontal and vertical gaps
5. Process the Apply gaps button press
6. Create the GUI

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7. Create and set up the window,Set up the content pane and Display the Window
8. Schedule a job for the event dispatch thread
9. Show the application's GUI

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21 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:

Figure 1: Horizontal, Left-to-Right Figure 2: Horizontal, Right-to-Left

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Result:
Thus the program to develop an application in java using Grid APIs was successfully executed.


22 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop an application in Java using Grid APIs

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Applications:
Used for defining a application programme interface for common distributes computing functionality

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1) Describe the two most important advantages of using Distributed/Grid Computing.
2) What is the main function of DNS?
3) Briefly outline two applications of Public Key systems.
4) Provide one major difference between synchronous and asynchronous communication.
5) Provide one major difference between ASCII and Unicode encodings.

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6) Provide two major differences between sequential computing and parallel computing.
7) Write the any three Grid Applications.
8) Give the examples of Hardware service provider.
9) Give the example of software application ASP.
10) What are grid portals? Give example.

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11) What are the high level services including in existing globus tool kit?
12) Name the components available in Nimrod architecture?
13) What are the major objectives of Euro grid project?
14) What is the application specific work packages identified for the Euro grid?
15) Define dynamic accounting system.

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Viva-voce

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23 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

EX.NO. 05: DEVELOP SECURED APPLICATIONS USING BASIC

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SECURITY MECHANISMS AVAILABLE IN GLOBUS TOOLKIT.
Aim:
To develop a secured applications using a basic security mechanisms available in Globus toolkit
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
The Globus Toolkit incorporates multiple security components that establish the identity of users or services
(authentication), protect communications, and determine who is allowed to perform what actions (authorization), as

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well as manage user credentials.
? GSI C: The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and
certificate management.
? MyProxy: MyProxy is open source software for managing X.509 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) security
credentials (certificates and private keys).

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? GSI-OpenSSH: GSI-OpenSSH is a modified version of OpenSSH that adds support for X.509 proxy
certificate authentication and delegation, providing a single sign-on remote login and file transfer service.
The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and certificate
management. The authentication API is built using Public KeyInfrastructure (PKI) technologies, e.g. X.509
Certificates and TLS. In addition to authentication it features a delegation mechanism based upon X.509 Proxy

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Certificates. Authorization support takes the form of a couple of APIs. The first provides a generic authorization API
that allows callouts to perform access control based on the client's credentials (i.e. the X.509 certificate chain). The
second provides a simple access control list that maps authorized remote entities to local (system) user names. The
second mechanism also provides callouts that allow third parties to override the default behavior and is currently
used in the Gatekeeper and GridFTP servers. In addition to the above there are various lower level APIs and tools

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for managing, discovering and querying certificates.
Components for Grid Security
1. Basic Security Mechanisms
2. Components for Credential Generation
3. Components for Credential Management

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24 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Beyond verifying the identities of users and services, basic Grid security mechanisms leave access control decisions

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to services. The Grid community has developed authorization and access control tools for storing and providing
access to system-wide authorization information and for creating a central data store for supporting decentralized
control mechanisms.
Basic Security Mechanisms
? Pre-Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A non-Web services implementation of the Grid

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Security Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI
mechanisms
? Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A Web services implementation of the Grid Security
Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI mechanisms

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Result:

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Thus the program to develop a security application available in Globus toolkit was successfully executed.
Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a secured applications using a basic security

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mechanisms available in Globus toolkit



25 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Applications:
To provide easy acces to best breed open source network security

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1. What are the collective services available in grid computing?
2. What are the basic principles of autonomous computing?
3. What are the four essential characteristics of on demand business?
4. What are the essential capabilities provided by on demand business?
5. What are the two most important technologies for building semantic webs?

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6. Define Peer to Peer computing?
7. What is the combination of Globus GT3 toolkit?
8. What is a GT3 core?
9. What are the components available in service model?
10. Define WS-Trust

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11. Define WS ?Federation
12. Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
13. Who are the actors in CDC?
14. Mention the scenarios in CDC?
15. What are the functional requirements of CDC on OGSA?

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Viva-voce

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26 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 06: DEVELOP A GRID PORTAL, WHERE USER CAN SUBMIT

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A JOB AND GET THE RESULT, IMPLEMENT IT WITH AND WITHOUT
GRAM CONCEPT.
Aim:
To develop a Grid portal and implement it with and without GRAM concept
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

Procedure:

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Multiple times that the likely user interface to grid applications will be through portals, specifically Web portals. A grid
portal may be constructed as a Web page interface to provide easy access to grid applications. The Web user
interface provides user authentication, job submission, job monitoring, and results of the job.
Globus Resource Allocation Manager (GRAM)
When a job is submitted by a client, the request is sent to the remote host and handled by a gatekeeper daemon.

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The gatekeeper creates a job manager to start and monitor the job. When the job is finished, the job manager
sends the status information back to the client and terminates.
The GRAM subsystem consists of the following elements:
? The globusrun command and associated APIs Resource Specification Language (RSL)
? The gatekeeper daemon The job manager Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator (DUROC)

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Each of these elements are described briefly below.
The globusrun command
The globusrun command (or its equivalent API) submits a job to a resource within the grid. This command
is typically passed an RSL string (see below) that specifies parameters and other properties required to successfully
launch and run the job

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27 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Resource Specification Language (RSL)

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RSL is a language used by clients to specify the job to be run. All job submission requests are described in an RSL
string that includes information such as the executable file; its parameters; information about redirection of stdin,
stdout, and stderr; and so on. Basically it provides a standard way of specifying all of the information required to
execute a job, independent of the target environment. It is then the responsibility of the job manager on the target
system to parse the information and launch the job in the appropriate way.

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The syntax of RSL is very straightforward. Each statement is enclosed within parenthesis. Comments are
designated with parenthesis and asterisks, for example, (* this is a comment *). Supported attributes include the
following:
rsl_substitution: Defines variables
executable: The script or command to be run

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arguments: Information or flags to be passed to the executable
stdin: Specifies the remote URL and local file used for the executable stdout: Specifies the remote file to place
standard output from the job stderr: Specifies the remote file to place standard error from the job queue: Specifies the
queue to submit the job (requires a scheduler) count: Specifies the number of executions
directory: Specifies the directory to run the job

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project: Specifies a project account for the job (requires a scheduler) dryRun: Verifies the RSL string but
does not run the job
maxMemory: Specifies the maximum amount of memory in MBs required for the job
minMemory: Specifies the minimum amount of memory in MBs required for the job
hostCount: Specifies the number of nodes in a cluster required for the job environment: Specifies environment

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variables that are required for the job
jobType: Specifies the type of job single process, multi-process, mpi, or condor
maxTime: Specifies the maximum execution wall or cpu time for one execution
maxWallTime: Specifies the maximum walltime for one execution maxCpuTime: Specifies the maximum
cpu time for one execution

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gramMyjob: Specifies the whether the gram myjob interface starts one process/thread (independent) or more
(collective)


28 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to develop Grid Portal was successfully executed.

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29 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid portal and implement it with and
without GRAM concept
Application:
? It is useful and necessary for interfaces for the performance of operations on the Grid. The Grid
Portal Development Kit (GPDK) facilitates the development of Grid portals and provides several key

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reusable components for accessing various Grid services.
? A Grid Portal provides a customizable interface allowing scientists to perform a variety of Grid
operations including remote program submission, file staging, and querying of information services
from a single, secure gateway.
? The Grid Portal Development Kit leverages off existing Globus/Grid middleware infrastructure as

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well as commodity web technology including Java Server Pages and servlets .



1) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?

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2) What are the major goals of OGSA?
3) What are the more specific goals of OGSA?
4) What are the main purposes of use case defined by OGSA?
5) Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
6) What are the layers available in OGSA architectural organizations?

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7) What are the OGSA basic services?
8) What are the two aspects involved in GRAM?
9) What are the two kinds of lifecycle model associated with state data recovery?
10) What is a GT3 core?
11) What are the major components of default server side framework?

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12) What is Grid container?
13) What are the two levels of security available in GT3?
14) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?
15) What are the two different message-level authentication mechanisms provided by GT3 framework?
16) What are the most common GT3 security handlers?

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Viva-voce


30 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO CLOUD COMPUTING

What is cloud computing?
Cloud computing means that instead of all the computer hardware and software you're using sitting on your
desktop, or somewhere inside your company's network, it's provided for you as a service by another company and

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accessed over the Internet, usually in a completely seamless way. Exactly where the hardware and software is
located and how it all works doesn't matter to you, the user?it's just somewhere up in the nebulous "cloud" that the
Internet represents.
Cloud computing is a buzzword that means different things to different people. For some, it's just another way of
describing IT (information technology) "outsourcing"; others use it to mean any computing service provided over the

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Internet or a similar network; and some define it as any bought-in computer service you use that sits outside your
firewall.
Types of cloud computing
IT people talk about three different kinds of cloud computing, where different services are being provided for you.
Note that there's a certain amount of vagueness about how these things are defined and some overlap between

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them.
? Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) means you're buying access to raw computing hardware over the Net,
such as servers or storage. Since you buy what you need and pay-as-you-go, this is often referred to as
utility computing. Ordinary web hosting is a simple example of IaaS: you pay a monthly subscription or a
per-megabyte/gigabyte fee to have a hosting company serve up files for your website from their servers.

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? Software as a Service (SaaS) means you use a complete application running on someone else's system.
Web-based email and Google Documents are perhaps the best-known examples. Zoho is another well-
known SaaS provider offering a variety of office applications online.
? Platform as a Service (PaaS) means you develop applications using Web-based tools so they run on
systems software and hardware provided by another company. So, for example, you might develop your

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own ecommerce website but have the whole thing, including the shopping cart, checkout, and payment
mechanism running on a merchant's server. App Cloud (from salesforce.com) and the Google App Engine
are examples of PaaS.
Advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing
Advantages

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The pros of cloud computing are obvious and compelling. If your business is selling books or repairing shoes,
why get involved in the nitty gritty of buying and maintaining a complex computer system? If you run an insurance
office, do you really want your sales agents wasting time running anti-virus software, upgrading word-processors, or
worrying about hard-drive crashes? Do you really want them cluttering your expensive computers with their personal

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emails, illegally shared MP3 files, and naughty YouTube videos?when you could leave that responsibility to
someone else? Cloud computing allows you to buy in only the services you want, when you want them, cutting the

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upfront capital costs of computers and peripherals. You avoid equipment going out of date and other familiar IT
problems like ensuring system security and reliability. You can add extra services (or take them away) at a moment's
notice as your business needs change. It's really quick and easy to add new applications or services to your
business without waiting weeks or months for the new computer (and its software) to arrive.
Drawbacks

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Instant convenience comes at a price. Instead of purchasing computers and software, cloud computing means you
buy services, so one-off, upfront capital costs become ongoing operating costs instead. That might work out much
more expensive in the long-term.
If you're using software as a service (for example, writing a report using an online word processor or sending emails
through webmail), you need a reliable, high-speed, broadband Internet connection functioning the whole time you're

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working. That's something we take for granted in countries such as the United States, but it's much more of an issue
in developing countries or rural areas where broadband is unavailable.
An Introduction to Cloud Computing with OpenNebula
An OpenNebula Private Cloud provides infrastructure users with an elastic platform for fast delivery and scalability of
services to meet dynamic demands of service end-users. Services are hosted in VMs, and then submitted,

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monitored and controlled in the Cloud by using Sunstone or any of the OpenNebula interfaces:
? Command Line Interface (CLI)
? XML-RPC API
? OpenNebulaRuby and Java Cloud APIs
The aim of a Private Cloud is not to expose to the world a cloud interface to sell capacity over the Internet, but to

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provide local cloud users and administrators with a flexible and agile private infrastructure to run virtualized service
workloads within the administrative domain. OpenNebula virtual infrastructure interfaces expose user and
administrator functionality for virtualization, networking, image and physical resource configuration, management,
monitoring and accounting.

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32 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


Expt.No.1: FIND PROCEDURE TO RUN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE OF
DIFFERENT CONFIGURATION. CHECK HOW MANY VIRTUAL

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MACHINES CAN BE UTILIZED AT PARTICULAR TIME.

Aim:
To Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be
utilized at particular time

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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Creating Virtual Machines
In OpenNebula the Virtual Machines are defined with Template files. The Template Repository system allows
OpenNebula administrators and users to register Virtual Machine definitions in the system, to be instantiated later as
Virtual Machine instances. These Templates can be instantiated several times, and also shared with other users.

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Virtual Machine Model
A Virtual Machine within the OpenNebula system consists of:
? A capacity in terms memory and CPU
? A set of NICs attached to one or more virtual networks
? A set of disk images

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? A state file (optional) or recovery file, that contains the memory image of a running VM plus some hypervisor
specific information.
The above items, plus some additional VM attributes like the OS kernel and context information to be used inside the
VM, are specified in a template file.
Defining a VM in 3 Steps

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Virtual Machines are defined in an OpenNebula Template. Templates are stored in a repository to easily browse and
instantiate VMs from them. To create a new Template you have to define 3 things


33 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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? Capacity & Name, how big will the VM be?
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
NAME Name that the VM will get for description purposes. Yes one-
MEMORY Amount of RAM required for the VM, in Megabytes. Yes

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CPU CPU ratio (e..g half a physical CPU is 0.5). Yes
VCPU Number of virtual cpus. No 1
Disks. Each disk is defined with a DISK attribute. A VM can use three types of disk:
? Use a persistent Image changes to the disk image will persist after the VM is shutdown.
? Use a non-persistent Image images are cloned, changes to the image will be lost.

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? Volatile disks are created on the fly on the target host. After the VM is shutdown the disk is disposed.

Persistent and Clone Disks
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
IMAGE_ID and IMAGE The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes

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IMAGE_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No self
IMAGE_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No self
Volatile
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
TYPE

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Type of the disk: swap, fs. swap type will set the label to swap so it is
easier to mount and the context packages will automatically mount it.
Yes
SIZE size in MB Yes
FORMAT

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filesystem for fs images: ext2, ext3, etc. raw will not format the image. For
VMs to run on vmfs or vmwareshared configurations, the valid values are:
Yes

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34 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Attribute Description Mandatory Default
vmdk_thin, vmdk_zeroedthick, vmdk_eagerzeroedthick

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Network Interfaces. Each network interface of a VM is defined with the NIC attribute.
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
NETWORK_ID and NETWORK The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes
NETWORK_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No Self
NETWORK_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No Self

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The following example shows a VM Template file with a couple of disks and a network interface, also a VNC section
was added.
NAME = test-vm
MEMORY = 128

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CPU = 1

DISK = [ IMAGE = "Arch Linux" ]
DISK = [ TYPE = swap,
SIZE = 1024 ]

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NIC = [ NETWORK = "Public", NETWORK_UNAME="oneadmin" ]

GRAPHICS = [
TYPE = "vnc",

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LISTEN = "0.0.0.0"]
Simple templates can be also created using the command line instead of creating a template file. The parameters to
do this for onetemplate are:

Parameter

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Description
--namename Name for the VM
--cpucpu CPU percentage reserved for the VM (1=100% one CPU)

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35 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


Parameter

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Description
--vcpuvcpu Number of virtualized CPUs
--archarch Architecture of the VM, e.g.: i386 or x86_64
--memorymemory Memory ammount given to the VM

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--diskdisk0,disk1 Disks to attach. To use a disk owned by other user use user[disk]
--nicvnet0,vnet1 Networks to attach. To use a network owned by other user use user[network]
--rawstring
Raw string to add to the template. Not to be confused with the RAW attribute. If you want
to provide more than one element, just include an enter inside quotes, instead of using

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more than one -raw option
--vnc Add VNC server to the VM
--ssh[file]
Add an ssh public key to the context. If the file is omited then the user variable
SSH_PUBLIC_KEY will be used.

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--net_context Add network contextualization parameters
--contextline1,line2 * Lines to add to the context section
--bootdevice Select boot device (hd, fd, cdrom or network)
A similar template as the previous example can be created with the following command:
$ onetemplate create --name test-vm --memory 128 --cpu 1 --disk "Arch Linux" --nic Public

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Managing Virtual Machines
Assuming we have a VM Template registered called vm-example with ID 6, then we can instantiate the VM issuing
a:
$ onetemplate list

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ID USER GROUP NAME REGTIME
6 oneadminoneadminvm_example 09/28 06:44:07

$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm

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36 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

VM ID: 0
If the template has USER INPUTSdefined the CLI will prompt the user for these values:

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$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm

There are some parameters that require user input.

* (BLOG_TITLE) Blog Title:

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* (DB_PASSWORD) Database Password:
VM ID: 0
Afterwards, the VM can be listed with the onevmlist command. You can also use the onevmtop command to list VMs
continuously.
$ onevm list

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ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME
0 oneadminoneadminmy_vm pend 0 0K 00 00:00:03
After a Scheduling cycle, the VM will be automatically deployed. But the deployment can also be forced by oneadmin
using onevmdeploy:

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$ onehost list

ID NAME RVM TCPU FCPU ACPU TMEM FMEM AMEM STAT
2 testbed 0 800 800 800 16G 16G16G on
$ onevm deploy 0 2

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$ onevm list

ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME
0 oneadminoneadminmy_vmrunn 0 0K testbed 00 00:02:40

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$ onevm show 0
VIRTUAL MACHINE 0 INFORMATION
ID :0
NAME : my_vm

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USER : oneadmin
GROUP : oneadmin


37 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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STATE : ACTIVE
LCM_STATE : RUNNING
START TIME : 04/14 09:00:24
END TIME : -

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DEPLOY ID: : one-0
PERMISSIONS
OWNER : um-
GROUP : ---
OTHER : ---

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VIRTUAL MACHINE MONITORING
NET_TX : 13.05
NET_RX : 0
USED MEMORY : 512
USED CPU : 0

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VIRTUAL MACHINE TEMPLATE
VIRTUAL MACHINE HISTORY

SEQ HOSTNAME REASON START TIME PTIME

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0 testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00
testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00

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38 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to run virtual machines on different configuration was successfully executed & its utilization time is
checked in various machines.

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39 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find procedure to run the virtual machine of different
Configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
Applications:

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? An advantage of virtualizing the workload?s I/O path enables hardware independence by
abstracting vendor specific drivers to more generalized versions that run on the hypervisor.
? It allows the live migration, which is one of virtualization?s greatest availability strengths
? The sharing of aggregate resources, such as network paths

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1. What is cloud computing?
2. What are the benefits of cloud computing?
3. What are the different data types used in cloud computing?

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4. What are the different layers in cloud computing?
5. What do you mean by software as a service?
6. What is on-demand functionality? How is it provided in cloud computing?
7. What are the platforms used for large scale cloud computing?
8. What are the different models for deployment in cloud computing?

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9. What is the difference between cloud computing and mobile computing?
10. What are the open source cloud computing platform databases?
11. What is the difference between cloud and traditional datacenters?
12. Why API's is used in cloud services?
13. What are the different datacenters in cloud computing?

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14. Define API in data virtualization?
15. List of API in cloud?
Viva-voce

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40 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No.02: FIND PROCEDURE TO ATTACH VIRTUAL BLOCK TO
THE VIRTUAL MACHINE AND CHECK WHETHER IT HOLDS THE
DATA EVEN AFTER THE RELEASE OF THE VIRTUAL MACHINE.

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Aim:
To find a procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even after the
release of the virtual machine

Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
VirtualBox uses a special kernel module called vboxdrv to perform physical memory allocation and to gain control of
the processor for guest system execution. Without this kernel module, you can still use the VirtualBox manager to
configure virtual machines, but they will not start. In addition, there are the network kernel modules vboxnetflt and
vboxnetadp which are required for the more advanced networking features of VirtualBox.

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The VirtualBox kernel module is automatically installed on your system when you install VirtualBox. To
maintain it with future kernel updates, for those Linux distributions which provide it -- most current ones -- we
recommend installing Dynamic Kernel Module Support (DKMS). This framework helps with building and upgrading
kernel modules.
If DKMS is not already installed, execute one of the following:

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On an Ubuntu system:
sudo apt-get install dkms
If DKMS is available and installed, the VirtualBox kernel module should always work automatically, and it will be
automatically rebuilt if your host kernel is updated.
Otherwise, there are only two situations in which you will need to worry about the kernel module:

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1. The original installation fails. This probably means that your Linux system is not prepared for building
external kernel modules.


41 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Most Linux distributions can be set up simply by installing the right packages - normally, these will be the
GNU compiler (GCC), GNU Make (make) and packages containing header files for your kernel - and making
sure that all system updates are installed and that the system is running the most up-to-date kernel included
in the distribution. The version numbers of the header file packages must be the same as that of the kernel

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you are using.
? With Debian and Ubuntu releases, you must install the right version of the linux-headers and if it exists
the linux-kbuild package. Current Ubuntu releases should have the right packages installed by default.
? In even older Debian and Ubuntu releases, you must install the right version of the kernel-headers
package.

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? On Fedora and Redhat systems, the package is kernel-devel.
? On SUSE and openSUSE Linux, you must install the right versions of the kernel-source and kernel-syms
packages.
? If you have built your own kernel, you will need to make sure that you also installed all the required
header and other files for building external modules to the right locations. The details of how to do

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this will depend on how you built your kernel, and if you are unsure you should consult the
documentation which you followed to do so.
2. The kernel of your Linux host was updated and DKMS is not installed. In that case, the kernel module will
need to be reinstalled by executing (as root):
rcvboxdrv setup

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Performing the installation
VirtualBox is available in a number of package formats native to various common Linux distributions. In addition,
there is an alternative generic installer (.run) which should work on most Linux distributions.
Installing VirtualBox from a Debian/Ubuntu package
First, download the appropriate package for your distribution. The following examples assume that you are installing

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to a 32-bit Ubuntu Wily system. Use dpkg to install the Debian package:
sudodpkg -i virtualbox-5.0_5.0.20_Ubuntu_wily_i386.deb
The installer will also try to build kernel modules suitable for the current running kernel. If the build process is not
successful you will be shown a warning and the package will be left unconfigured. Please have a look at /var/log/vbox-
install.log to find out why the compilation failed. You may have to install the appropriate Linux kernel After correcting

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any problems, do


42 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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sudorcvboxdrv setup
This will start a second attempt to build the module.
If a suitable kernel module was found in the package or the module was successfully built, the installation script will
attempt to load that module.
Once VirtualBox has been successfully installed and configured, you can start it by selecting "VirtualBox" in your

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start menu or from the command line.
Using the alternative installer (VirtualBox.run)
The alternative installer performs the following steps:
? It unpacks the application files to the target directory,
/opt/VirtualBox/

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which cannot be changed.
? It builds the VirtualBox kernel modules (vboxdrv, vboxnetflt and vboxnetadp) and installs them.
? It creates /sbin/rcvboxdrv, an init script to start the VirtualBox kernel module.
? It creates a new system group called vboxusers.
? It creates symbolic links in /usr/bin to the a shell script (/opt/VirtualBox/VBox) which does some sanity checks

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and dispatches to the actual executables, VirtualBox, VBoxSDL, VBoxVRDP, VBoxHeadless and VBoxManage
? It creates /etc/udev/rules.d/60-vboxdrv.rules, a description file for udev, if that is present, which makes the USB
devices accessible to all users in the vboxusers group.
? It writes the installation directory to /etc/vbox/vbox.cfg.
The installer must be executed as root with either install or uninstall as the first parameter.

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sudo ./VirtualBox.run install
Or if you do not have the "sudo" command available, run the following as root instead:
./VirtualBox.run install

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43 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

After that you need to put every user which should be able to access USB devices from VirtualBox guests in the
group vboxusers, either through the GUI user management tools or by running the following command as root:
sudousermod -a -G vboxusers username

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Performing a manual installation
If, for any reason, you cannot use the shell script installer described previously, you can also perform a manual
installation. Invoke the installer like this:
./VirtualBox.run --keep --noexec
This will unpack all the files needed for installation in the directory install under the current directory. The VirtualBox

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application files are contained in VirtualBox.tar.bz2 which you can unpack to any directory on your system. For
example:
sudomkdir /opt/VirtualBox
sudo tar jxf ./install/VirtualBox.tar.bz2 -C /opt/VirtualBox
or as root:

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mkdir /opt/VirtualBox
tarjxf ./install/VirtualBox.tar.bz2 -C /opt/VirtualBox
The sources for VirtualBox's kernel module are provided in the src directory. To build the module, change to the
directory and issuemake
If everything builds correctly, issue the following command to install the module to the appropriate module directory:

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sudo make install
In case you do not have sudo, switch the user account to root and performmake install
The VirtualBox kernel module needs a device node to operate. The above make command will tell you how to create
the device node, depending on your Linux system. The procedure is slightly different for a classical Linux setup with
a /dev directory, a system with the now deprecated devfs and a modern Linux system with udev.

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Note that the /dev/vboxdrv kernel module device node must be owned by root:root and must be read/writable only for
the user.Next, you will have to install the system initialization script for the kernel module:
cp /opt/VirtualBox/vboxdrv.sh /sbin/rcvboxdrv
mkdir /etc/vbox
echo INSTALL_DIR=/opt/VirtualBox> /etc/vbox/vbox.cfg

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44 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

and, for convenience, create the following symbolic links:

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ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VirtualBox
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxManage
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxHeadless
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxSDL

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Sample Output:

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Result:
Thus the program to attach virtual block to virtual machine was successfully executed & checked whether it holds the
data after the release of the virtual machine.

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45 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find a procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual
machine and check whether it holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
Application:
? To support the Cloud Computing with the Virtual Block Store System. The fast development of cloud

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computing systems stimulates the needs for a standalone block storage system to provide persistent
block storage services to virtual machines maintained by clouds.

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1. What is Type-1 and Type-2 hypervisor?
2. What is the use of virsh command?
3. Explain how you can transfer volume from one owner to another in Open Stack?
4. Discuss about KVM Features?
5. What is Virtual block?

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6. What is Virtualization?
7. What are virtual clusters?
8. How virtualization happens in data center?
9. List some of the open source grid middleware packages.
10. What is a programming model?

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11. What is Hadoop?
12. What are map and reduce functions?
13. How to run a job in hadoop?
14. What is HDFS?
15. What are the open source grid middleware packages?

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16. What is peer to peer computing?
17. What are node clusters?
18. How virtual migration happens in data center?
Viva-voce

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46 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No.03: INSTALL A C COMPILER IN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE AND
EXECUTE A SAMPLE PROGRAM.

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Aim:
To Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Create a VM and Install any OS on it.
2.Install a C compiler on OS
3.Open a Editor and type the sample program and Save.

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4.Compile and run the Program
Example:
C programming on Linux based Environement

1. Open Terminal (Applications-Accessories-Terminal)

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2. Open gedit by typing ?gedit&? on terminal(You can also use any other Text Editor application)
3. Type the following on gedit
(or any other text editor)
#include
main()

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{
printf("Hello World\n");
}
Save this file as
?helloworld. C?

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5. Type ?ls? on Terminal to see all files under current folder
6. Confirm that ?helloworld.c? is in the current directory.
If not, type cd DIRECTORY_PATH to go to the
directory that has ?helloworld.c?
7. Type ?gcchelloworld.c? to compile, and type ?ls? to

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confirm that a new executable file ?a.out? is created
8. Type ?./a.out? on Terminal to run the program

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47 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to install a C complier is done and the sample program was executed successfully.


48 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and

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execute a sample program
Application:
The application of installing a C compiler in the virtual machine benefits to have a portable executable, for
each platform.

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1. What is the difference between Xen & KVM ?
2. What are different hypervisors available in Linux ?
3. Which command is used to list all virtual machine running on the KVM hypervisor ?
4. What are the different states of a VM in Xen hypervisor ?
5. How to forcefully shutdown the KVM based virtual machine from the command line ?

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6. What is virtual Machine?
7. What is Compiler?
8. What is Directory?
9. List the C Compilers available?
10. What is virtualization?

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11. List out VM operations
12. What are different hypervisors available in windows?
13. How to implement applications on the cloud to install C compiler?
14. What are grid and cloud tools available?
15. What is hypervisor?

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Viva-voce


49 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No.04: SHOW THE VIRTUAL MACHINE MIGRATION BASED ON
THE CERTAIN CONDITION FROM ONE NODE TO THE OTHER.

Aim:
To Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
1.Update source and target virtual machines to latest package versions
To help ensure that platform images between cloud providers are running the same version of key operating system
packages, update these packages to the latest versions on both source and target virtual machines.

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sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
2. Install rsync and screen packages on source and target virtual machines
The migration of application packages and files in this process will use rsync over ssh between source and target
virtual machines. The actual transfer of files between virtual machines can take some time, so I also recommend

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using screen so that you can easily re-attach to an in-progress migration session if you are inadvertently
disconnected.
Ensure that rsync and screen packages are installed on both the source and target virtual machines with these
commands:
sudo apt-get install rsync

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sudo apt-get install screen
3. Add a consistent user account to both source and target virtual machines
To facilitate the migration process, ensure that you have a consistent user account configured on both source and
target virtual machines with sudo enabled. The newly provisioned target virtual machines from Task 3 already

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50 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

include a user named azureuser with sudo enabled. To configure this same user on each source virtual machine,
use the following commands:

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sudogroupadd -g 500 azureuser
sudouseradd -u 500 -g 500 -m -s /bin/bash azureuser
sudopasswdazureuser
4. Start a screen session for the migration
On the source virtual machine, enter a new screen session for the migration by using the following command:

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sudo screen -S AzureMigration
If you are disconnected from the source virtual machine during the migration process, you can reconnect to the
detached screen session by using the following command after signing in again to the source virtual machine:
sudo screen -r
5. Build an exclusion list of directories and files

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During the migration, we want to be careful to skip any files that include configuration information relating to the
identity of the source virtual machines, such as IP addresses, hostnames, ssh keys, etc. For the Ubuntu-based
virtual machines that we migrated, we used the following commands on each source virtual machine to build our
list of directories and files to exclude from the migration process:
EXCLUDEFILE=/tmp/exclude.file

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EXCLUDELIST='/boot /etc/fstab /etc/hostname /etc/issue /etc/hosts
/etc/sudoers /etc/networks /etc/network/* /etc/resolv.conf
/etc/ssh/* /etc/sysctl.conf /etc/mtab /etc/udev/rules.d/*
/lock /net /tmp'
EXCLUDEPATH=$(echo $EXCLUDELIST | sed 's/\ /\\n/g')

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echo -e $EXCLUDEPATH > $EXCLUDEFILE
find / -name '*cloud-init*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE
find / -name '*cloud-config*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE
find / -name '*cloud-final*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE

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51 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

The actual list of directories and files that you exclude may vary from this list, based on the Linux distro version,
packages and applications that you are migrating.

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Credits: Kudos to Kevin Carter who wrote a great article a couple years ago that provided a useful starting point for
building a list of directories and files to consider excluding as part of a Linux-to-Linux migration process!
6. Stop applications during migration
To minimize application data changes from occurring during the migration process, stop the related applications and
daemons on the source virtual machines. The application that we migrated was a web application built using

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Apache2, so we simply stopped the related Apache2 daemon.
sudo service stop apache2
7. Migrate the application files and data
From each source virtual machine, migrate application files and data using two rsync passes over ssh. The first
pass performs the bulk of the data transfer, whereas the second pass uses checksums to confirm that all files were

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transferred successfully.
TARGETVM="insert_target_vm_public_ip_address"
rsync -e "ssh" -rlpEAXogDtSzh -P -x ?exclude-from="$EXCLUDEFILE" ?rsync-path="sudorsync" ?
verbose ?progress / azureuser@$TARGETVM:/
rsync -e "ssh" -crlpEAXogDtSzh -P -x ?exclude-from="$EXCLUDEFILE" ?rsync-path="sudorsync" ?

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verbose ?progress / azureuser@$TARGETVM:/
8. Restart each target virtual machine
After both rsync passes have completed, restart each target virtual machine to complete the migration
process.
sshazureuser@$TARGETVM

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shutdown -r now

FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

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0 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

College o f Engineering
?

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DEPARTMENT OF
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

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CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
VII SEMESTER - R 2013

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Name : ______________________________________
Reg. No. : ______________________________________
Section : ______________________________________
LABORATORY MANUAL

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1 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

DHANALAKSHMI

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is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and enterprising
professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and training.

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? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic Excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart and
soul

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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

To strive for acquiring, applying and imparting knowledge in Computer Science and Engineering through quality
education and to provide enthusiastic professionals with commitment

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? To produce highly competent and globally employable engineers in the field of Computer Science and
Engineering
? To inculcate human values among the student community and make them realize their commitment to the society
? To exhibit excellence in pursuit of research and innovative products with a zeal to serve the society

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VISION
VISION
MISSION

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MISSION


2 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)
1. Fundamentals
To provide students with a solid foundation in Mathematics, Science and fundamentals of engineering, enabling
them to apply, to find solutions for engineering problems and use this knowledge to acquire higher education
2. Core Competence

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To train the students in Computer science and engineering technologies so that they apply their knowledge and
training to compare, and to analyze various engineering industrial problems to find solutions
3. Breadth
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice this enables them to
find solutions for the real time problems in industry, and to design products

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4. Professionalism
To inculcate professional and effective communication skills, leadership qualities and team spirit in the students
to make them multi-faceted personalities and develop their ability to relate engineering issues to broader social
context
5. Lifelong Learning/Ethics

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To demonstrate and practice ethical and professional responsibilities in the industry and society in the large,
through commitment and lifelong learning needed for successful professional career

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4


PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)
a) To demonstrate and apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in

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Electronics and Communication Engineering field
b) To design a component, a system or a process to meet the specific needs within the realistic constraints
such as economics, environment, ethics, health, safety and manufacturability
c) To demonstrate the competency to use software tools for computation, simulation and testing of electronics and
communication engineering circuits

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d) To identify, formulate and solve electronic and communication engineering problems
e) To demonstrate an ability to visualize and work on laboratory and multidisciplinary tasks
f) To function as a member or a leader in multidisciplinary activities
g) To communicate in verbal and written form with fellow engineers and society at large
h) To understand the impact of Electronics and Communication Engineering in the society and demonstrate awareness

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of contemporary issues and commitment to give solutions exhibiting social responsibility
i) To demonstrate professional & ethical responsibilities
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To participate and succeed in competitive exams

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5 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

SYLLABUS
Learn the working of ARM processor
Understand the Building Blocks of Embedded Systems

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Learn the concept of memory map and memory interface
Know the characteristics of Real Time Systems
Write programs to interface memory, I/Os with processor
Study the interrupt performance
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

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GRID COMPUTING LAB
Use Globus Toolkit or equivalent and do the following:
1. Develop a new Web Service for Calculator.
2. Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service.
3. Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service.

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4. Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs
5. Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus Toolkit.
6. Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it with and without
GRAM concept.

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CLOUD COMPUTING LAB
Use Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent to set up the cloud and demonstrate.
1. Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines
COURSE OBJECTIVES

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6 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

can be utilized at particular time.
2. Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even

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after the release of the virtual machine.
3. Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program.
4. Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other.
5. Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it.
6. Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster.

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7. Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE.
8. Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it.
9. Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits.
? Design and implement applications on the Grid.
? Design and Implement applications on the Cloud.

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? Design network objects by applying the networking concepts.
? Create virtualization concept.
? Design web based applications.
? Apply cloud tools for resource allocation.
? Apply grid tools for network translation.

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? Design private cloud using open stack.
COURSE OUTCOMES

7

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CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
CONTENTS
Sl. No. Name of the Experiment Page No.
CYCLE 1 ? EXPERIMENTS ( GRID COMPUTING)

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1
Develop a new Web Service for Calculator 7
2
Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service 16
3

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Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service 19
4
Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs 22
5
Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus

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Toolkit
25
6
Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it
with and without GRAM concept

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27
CYCLE 2 ? EXPERIMENTS (CLOUD COMPUTING)
1
Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how
many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time

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34
2
Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it
holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
36

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3 Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program 39
4
Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to
the other
42

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5 Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it 45
6 Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster 47
7 Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE
ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS
1 Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it 52

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2 Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks 55

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8 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO GRID COMPUTING

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GRID TECHNOLOGY

? Flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and
resource

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? Grid architecture
? Defined using services and protocols
? Using the ?sand hourglass? model similar to the TCP/IP protocol stack

"A computational grid is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides dependable, consistent, pervasive and

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inexpensive access to high-end computational capabilities."
Grid computing makes it possible to dynamically share and coordinate dispersed, heterogeneous computing
resources. Flexibility and ubiquity are essential characteristics of Web services technologies such as WSDL (Web
Services Description Language), SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), and UDDI (Universal Description,
Discovery, and Integration).

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The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) combines technologies to unlock and exploit grid-attached resources.
OGSA defines mechanisms to create, manage, and exchange information between Grid Services, a special type of
Web service. The architecture uses WSDL extensively to describe the structure and behavior of a service. Service
descriptions are located and discovered using Web Services Inspection Language (WSIL). By combining elements
from grid computing and Web services technologies, OGSA establishes an extensible and interoperable design and

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development framework for Grid Services that includes details for service definition, discovery, and life-cycle
management.


9 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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GLOBUS TOOLKIT

The Globus Toolkit provides software tools to make it easier to build computational grids and grid-based

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applications. The Globus Toolkit is both an open architecture and open source toolkit.

? The Globus Toolkit is a product of the Globus Alliance (http://www.globus.org)
? It is middleware for developing grids
? The current release is 6.0.

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? Four key protocols and APIs
? Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI)
? Grid Resource Allocation & Mgmt (GRAM)
? Grid Resource Information Protocol (GRIP) and Index Information Protocol (GIIP)
? Grid File Transfer Protocol (GridFTP)

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? Implementations on many platforms
? Resources, security systems, data models,
? Various collective layer protocols & tools
? Info services, replica management, etc.
? A basis for many Grid-enabled tools & apps

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FTP, SSH, Condor, SRB, MPI, EDG, GridPort,
GLOBUS TOOLKIT? COMPONENTS
? Security
? GSI ? Grid Security Infrastructure
? Resource Management

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? GRAM ? Grid Resource Allocation Manager
o globusrun
o RSL
o gatekeeper
o job manager

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o DUROC ? Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator
? Information Services
? MDS ? Monitoring and Discovery Service

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10 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

o GRIS ? Grid Resource Information Service
o GIIS ? Grid Index Information Service
o MDS Client

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? Data Management
o GridFTP, GASS
The Globus Toolkit latest version 6.0 includes:
GSI: security
GridFTP: file transfer

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GRAM: job execution/resource management
MyProxy: credential repository/certificate authority
GSI-OpenSSH: GSI secure single sign-on remote shell

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11 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

GLOBUS TOOLKIT INSTALLATION PROCEDURE
Step1: For installing Globus Toolkit nothing more easy than download the latest package:
http://toolkit.globus.org/ftppub/gt6/installers/repo/globus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb

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sudodpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Step2: Update the repositories: sudo apt-get update
Step3: To install Debian or Ubuntu package, download the globus-toolkit-repo package
from the link above and install it with the command:
root@sysa63:/home/#dpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb

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Do the following for Debian-based systems:
root@sysa63:/home/#apt-get install globus-data-management-client

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12 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 01: DEVELOP A NEW WEB SERVICE FOR CALCULATOR

Aim:
Develop a Web Service for new Calculator

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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1. Our first web service is an extremely simple Math Web Service, which we'll refer to asMathService. It will
2. allow users to perform the following operations:
a. Addition
b. Subtraction
3. Furthermore, MathService will have the following resource properties (RPs for short):

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a. Value (integer)
b. Last operation performed (string)
4. We will also add a "Get Value" operation to access the Value RP. Once a new resource is created, the
"value" RP is initialized to zero, and the "last operation" RP is initialized to "NONE". The parameter is
added/subtracted to the "value" RP, and the "last operation" RP is changed to "ADDITION" or

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"SUBTRACTION" accordingly. Also, the addition and subtraction operations don't return anything.
5. Writing and deploying a WSRF Web Service is easier than you might think. You just have to follow five
simple steps.
6. Define the service's interface. This is done with WSDL
7. Implement the service. This is done with Java.

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8. Define the deployment parameters. This is done with WSDD and JNDI
9. Compile everything and generate a GAR file. This is done with Ant
10. Deploy service. This is also done with a GT4 tool

Sample Code:

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_instance"
xmlns ="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"
xmlns:tns="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/examples/core/MathService_instance"
xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsrp="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-

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ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.xsd" xmlns:wsrpw="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-


13 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.wsdl"
xmlns:wsdlpp="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/2004/10/WSDLPreprocessor"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">

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Result:
Thus the program for developing web service for new calculator was successfully executed.

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14 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid by using Web Service for new Calculator
Applications:
To make a calculator in Windows application using web service

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1) What is Web Service?
2) What are the advantages of web services?
3) What are the different types of web services?
4) What is SOAP?

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5) What are the advantages of SOAP web services?
6) What are the disadvantages of SOAP web services?
7) What is WSDL?
8) What is UDDI?
9) What are RESTful web services?

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10) What are the advantages of RESTful web services?
11) What is the difference between SOAP and REST web services?
12) What is SOA service architecture?
13) What tools are used to deploy web services?
14) What is Web Service architecture?

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15) What are the advantages of web services in globus toolkit?
16) What are the different types of web services?
17) What is SOAP web services?
18) What is UDP and TCP?
19) What is stateless SOA?

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20) What is data balancing in WSDL?
Viva-voce


15 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 02: DEVELOP NEW OGSA-COMPLIANT WEB SERVICE

Aim:
To develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid Service using .NET language.

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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1. Developed by the Global Grid Forum
2. Aims to define a common, standard, open architecture for Grid Applications.
3. Defines a set of rules that make up a grid service.
4. Sharing and Coordinated use of diverse resources in Dynamic VO's

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Result:
Thus the program for developing OGSA- Complaint web service was successfully executed.

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16 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid
Service using .NET language
Applications:

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? Sharing of information among diverse components of large heterogenous grid systems
? WAN

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1. How would you decide what style of Web Service to use? SOAP WS or REST?
2. Does the service expose data or business logic?
3. Do consumers and the service providers require a formal contract?
4. Do we need to support multiple data formats?
5. Do we need to make AJAX calls?

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6. Is the call synchronous or asynchronous?
7. What level of security is required?
8. What level of transaction support is required?
9. Do we have limited band width?
10. What tools do you use to test your Web Services?

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11. What is the difference between SOA and a Web service?
12. What is a microservice architecture (aka MSA)?
13. What is data integrity?
14. What is cloud infrastructure?

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Viva-voce


17 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 03: USING APACHE AXIS DEVELOP A GRID SERVICE

Aim:
To develop a Grid service using Apache Axis

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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1. Creating the New Level in the Package
2. Edit the Configuration Files
3. Modify the Service Code
4. Modify the Client
5. Compile and Deploy

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6. Starting the Container
7. Compile the Client
8. Run the Client

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18 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00



Sample Output:

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Addition was successful
Subtraction was successful
Multiplication was successful
Division was successful
Current value: 20.

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Result:
Thus the program for Grid Service using Apache Axis was successfully executed.


19 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid service using Apache Axis

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Applications:
? To create web service in Java
? To work with Globus Tool kit standards web service

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1. What are the different application integration styles?
2. What is Grid Computing?
3. What is QOS?
4. What are the derivatives of grid computing?
5. What are the features of data grids?

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6. What is load balancing?
7. What is grid infrastructure?
8. Define ? Distributed Computing.
9. Define ? OSGI.
10. Define ? OSGA.

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11. What is the use of API?s in cloud services?
12. What is the difference between cloud and grid?
13. What is data communication?
14. What are the elements of data communication?

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Viva-voce

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20 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 04: DEVELOP APPLICATIONS USING JAVA OR C/C++ GRID

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APIS
Aim:
To develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Import all the necessary java packages and name the file as GridLayoutDemo.java
2. Set up components to preferred size

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3. Add buttons to experiment with Grid Layout
4. Add controls to set up horizontal and vertical gaps
5. Process the Apply gaps button press
6. Create the GUI
7. Create and set up the window,Set up the content pane and Display the Window

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8. Schedule a job for the event dispatch thread
9. Show the application's GUI

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21 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:

Figure 1: Horizontal, Left-to-Right Figure 2: Horizontal, Right-to-Left

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Result:

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Thus the program to develop an application in java using Grid APIs was successfully executed.


22 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Applications:

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Used for defining a application programme interface for common distributes computing functionality



1) Describe the two most important advantages of using Distributed/Grid Computing.

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2) What is the main function of DNS?
3) Briefly outline two applications of Public Key systems.
4) Provide one major difference between synchronous and asynchronous communication.
5) Provide one major difference between ASCII and Unicode encodings.
6) Provide two major differences between sequential computing and parallel computing.

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7) Write the any three Grid Applications.
8) Give the examples of Hardware service provider.
9) Give the example of software application ASP.
10) What are grid portals? Give example.
11) What are the high level services including in existing globus tool kit?

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12) Name the components available in Nimrod architecture?
13) What are the major objectives of Euro grid project?
14) What is the application specific work packages identified for the Euro grid?
15) Define dynamic accounting system.

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Viva-voce

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23 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

EX.NO. 05: DEVELOP SECURED APPLICATIONS USING BASIC
SECURITY MECHANISMS AVAILABLE IN GLOBUS TOOLKIT.

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Aim:
To develop a secured applications using a basic security mechanisms available in Globus toolkit
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
The Globus Toolkit incorporates multiple security components that establish the identity of users or services
(authentication), protect communications, and determine who is allowed to perform what actions (authorization), as
well as manage user credentials.

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? GSI C: The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and
certificate management.
? MyProxy: MyProxy is open source software for managing X.509 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) security
credentials (certificates and private keys).
? GSI-OpenSSH: GSI-OpenSSH is a modified version of OpenSSH that adds support for X.509 proxy

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certificate authentication and delegation, providing a single sign-on remote login and file transfer service.
The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and certificate
management. The authentication API is built using Public KeyInfrastructure (PKI) technologies, e.g. X.509
Certificates and TLS. In addition to authentication it features a delegation mechanism based upon X.509 Proxy
Certificates. Authorization support takes the form of a couple of APIs. The first provides a generic authorization API

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that allows callouts to perform access control based on the client's credentials (i.e. the X.509 certificate chain). The
second provides a simple access control list that maps authorized remote entities to local (system) user names. The
second mechanism also provides callouts that allow third parties to override the default behavior and is currently
used in the Gatekeeper and GridFTP servers. In addition to the above there are various lower level APIs and tools
for managing, discovering and querying certificates.

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Components for Grid Security
1. Basic Security Mechanisms
2. Components for Credential Generation
3. Components for Credential Management

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24 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Beyond verifying the identities of users and services, basic Grid security mechanisms leave access control decisions
to services. The Grid community has developed authorization and access control tools for storing and providing

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access to system-wide authorization information and for creating a central data store for supporting decentralized
control mechanisms.
Basic Security Mechanisms
? Pre-Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A non-Web services implementation of the Grid
Security Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI

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mechanisms
? Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A Web services implementation of the Grid Security
Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI mechanisms

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Result:
Thus the program to develop a security application available in Globus toolkit was successfully executed.

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a secured applications using a basic security
mechanisms available in Globus toolkit

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25 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Applications:
To provide easy acces to best breed open source network security


1. What are the collective services available in grid computing?

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2. What are the basic principles of autonomous computing?
3. What are the four essential characteristics of on demand business?
4. What are the essential capabilities provided by on demand business?
5. What are the two most important technologies for building semantic webs?
6. Define Peer to Peer computing?

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7. What is the combination of Globus GT3 toolkit?
8. What is a GT3 core?
9. What are the components available in service model?
10. Define WS-Trust
11. Define WS ?Federation

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12. Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
13. Who are the actors in CDC?
14. Mention the scenarios in CDC?
15. What are the functional requirements of CDC on OGSA?

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Viva-voce

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26 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 06: DEVELOP A GRID PORTAL, WHERE USER CAN SUBMIT
A JOB AND GET THE RESULT, IMPLEMENT IT WITH AND WITHOUT

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GRAM CONCEPT.
Aim:
To develop a Grid portal and implement it with and without GRAM concept
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

Procedure:
Multiple times that the likely user interface to grid applications will be through portals, specifically Web portals. A grid

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portal may be constructed as a Web page interface to provide easy access to grid applications. The Web user
interface provides user authentication, job submission, job monitoring, and results of the job.
Globus Resource Allocation Manager (GRAM)
When a job is submitted by a client, the request is sent to the remote host and handled by a gatekeeper daemon.
The gatekeeper creates a job manager to start and monitor the job. When the job is finished, the job manager

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sends the status information back to the client and terminates.
The GRAM subsystem consists of the following elements:
? The globusrun command and associated APIs Resource Specification Language (RSL)
? The gatekeeper daemon The job manager Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator (DUROC)
Each of these elements are described briefly below.

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The globusrun command
The globusrun command (or its equivalent API) submits a job to a resource within the grid. This command
is typically passed an RSL string (see below) that specifies parameters and other properties required to successfully
launch and run the job

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27 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Resource Specification Language (RSL)
RSL is a language used by clients to specify the job to be run. All job submission requests are described in an RSL

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string that includes information such as the executable file; its parameters; information about redirection of stdin,
stdout, and stderr; and so on. Basically it provides a standard way of specifying all of the information required to
execute a job, independent of the target environment. It is then the responsibility of the job manager on the target
system to parse the information and launch the job in the appropriate way.
The syntax of RSL is very straightforward. Each statement is enclosed within parenthesis. Comments are

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designated with parenthesis and asterisks, for example, (* this is a comment *). Supported attributes include the
following:
rsl_substitution: Defines variables
executable: The script or command to be run
arguments: Information or flags to be passed to the executable

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stdin: Specifies the remote URL and local file used for the executable stdout: Specifies the remote file to place
standard output from the job stderr: Specifies the remote file to place standard error from the job queue: Specifies the
queue to submit the job (requires a scheduler) count: Specifies the number of executions
directory: Specifies the directory to run the job
project: Specifies a project account for the job (requires a scheduler) dryRun: Verifies the RSL string but

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does not run the job
maxMemory: Specifies the maximum amount of memory in MBs required for the job
minMemory: Specifies the minimum amount of memory in MBs required for the job
hostCount: Specifies the number of nodes in a cluster required for the job environment: Specifies environment
variables that are required for the job

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jobType: Specifies the type of job single process, multi-process, mpi, or condor
maxTime: Specifies the maximum execution wall or cpu time for one execution
maxWallTime: Specifies the maximum walltime for one execution maxCpuTime: Specifies the maximum
cpu time for one execution
gramMyjob: Specifies the whether the gram myjob interface starts one process/thread (independent) or more

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(collective)


28 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to develop Grid Portal was successfully executed.


29 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid portal and implement it with and

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without GRAM concept
Application:
? It is useful and necessary for interfaces for the performance of operations on the Grid. The Grid
Portal Development Kit (GPDK) facilitates the development of Grid portals and provides several key
reusable components for accessing various Grid services.

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? A Grid Portal provides a customizable interface allowing scientists to perform a variety of Grid
operations including remote program submission, file staging, and querying of information services
from a single, secure gateway.
? The Grid Portal Development Kit leverages off existing Globus/Grid middleware infrastructure as
well as commodity web technology including Java Server Pages and servlets .

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1) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?
2) What are the major goals of OGSA?

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3) What are the more specific goals of OGSA?
4) What are the main purposes of use case defined by OGSA?
5) Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
6) What are the layers available in OGSA architectural organizations?
7) What are the OGSA basic services?

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8) What are the two aspects involved in GRAM?
9) What are the two kinds of lifecycle model associated with state data recovery?
10) What is a GT3 core?
11) What are the major components of default server side framework?
12) What is Grid container?

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13) What are the two levels of security available in GT3?
14) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?
15) What are the two different message-level authentication mechanisms provided by GT3 framework?
16) What are the most common GT3 security handlers?
Viva-voce

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30 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

INTRODUCTION TO CLOUD COMPUTING

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What is cloud computing?
Cloud computing means that instead of all the computer hardware and software you're using sitting on your
desktop, or somewhere inside your company's network, it's provided for you as a service by another company and
accessed over the Internet, usually in a completely seamless way. Exactly where the hardware and software is

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located and how it all works doesn't matter to you, the user?it's just somewhere up in the nebulous "cloud" that the
Internet represents.
Cloud computing is a buzzword that means different things to different people. For some, it's just another way of
describing IT (information technology) "outsourcing"; others use it to mean any computing service provided over the
Internet or a similar network; and some define it as any bought-in computer service you use that sits outside your

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firewall.
Types of cloud computing
IT people talk about three different kinds of cloud computing, where different services are being provided for you.
Note that there's a certain amount of vagueness about how these things are defined and some overlap between
them.

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? Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) means you're buying access to raw computing hardware over the Net,
such as servers or storage. Since you buy what you need and pay-as-you-go, this is often referred to as
utility computing. Ordinary web hosting is a simple example of IaaS: you pay a monthly subscription or a
per-megabyte/gigabyte fee to have a hosting company serve up files for your website from their servers.
? Software as a Service (SaaS) means you use a complete application running on someone else's system.

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Web-based email and Google Documents are perhaps the best-known examples. Zoho is another well-
known SaaS provider offering a variety of office applications online.
? Platform as a Service (PaaS) means you develop applications using Web-based tools so they run on
systems software and hardware provided by another company. So, for example, you might develop your
own ecommerce website but have the whole thing, including the shopping cart, checkout, and payment

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mechanism running on a merchant's server. App Cloud (from salesforce.com) and the Google App Engine
are examples of PaaS.
Advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing
Advantages
The pros of cloud computing are obvious and compelling. If your business is selling books or repairing shoes,

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why get involved in the nitty gritty of buying and maintaining a complex computer system? If you run an insurance
office, do you really want your sales agents wasting time running anti-virus software, upgrading word-processors, or
worrying about hard-drive crashes? Do you really want them cluttering your expensive computers with their personal

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31 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

emails, illegally shared MP3 files, and naughty YouTube videos?when you could leave that responsibility to
someone else? Cloud computing allows you to buy in only the services you want, when you want them, cutting the
upfront capital costs of computers and peripherals. You avoid equipment going out of date and other familiar IT

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problems like ensuring system security and reliability. You can add extra services (or take them away) at a moment's
notice as your business needs change. It's really quick and easy to add new applications or services to your
business without waiting weeks or months for the new computer (and its software) to arrive.
Drawbacks
Instant convenience comes at a price. Instead of purchasing computers and software, cloud computing means you

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buy services, so one-off, upfront capital costs become ongoing operating costs instead. That might work out much
more expensive in the long-term.
If you're using software as a service (for example, writing a report using an online word processor or sending emails
through webmail), you need a reliable, high-speed, broadband Internet connection functioning the whole time you're
working. That's something we take for granted in countries such as the United States, but it's much more of an issue

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in developing countries or rural areas where broadband is unavailable.
An Introduction to Cloud Computing with OpenNebula
An OpenNebula Private Cloud provides infrastructure users with an elastic platform for fast delivery and scalability of
services to meet dynamic demands of service end-users. Services are hosted in VMs, and then submitted,
monitored and controlled in the Cloud by using Sunstone or any of the OpenNebula interfaces:

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? Command Line Interface (CLI)
? XML-RPC API
? OpenNebulaRuby and Java Cloud APIs
The aim of a Private Cloud is not to expose to the world a cloud interface to sell capacity over the Internet, but to
provide local cloud users and administrators with a flexible and agile private infrastructure to run virtualized service

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workloads within the administrative domain. OpenNebula virtual infrastructure interfaces expose user and
administrator functionality for virtualization, networking, image and physical resource configuration, management,
monitoring and accounting.

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32 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No.1: FIND PROCEDURE TO RUN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE OF
DIFFERENT CONFIGURATION. CHECK HOW MANY VIRTUAL
MACHINES CAN BE UTILIZED AT PARTICULAR TIME.

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Aim:
To Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be
utilized at particular time
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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Creating Virtual Machines
In OpenNebula the Virtual Machines are defined with Template files. The Template Repository system allows
OpenNebula administrators and users to register Virtual Machine definitions in the system, to be instantiated later as
Virtual Machine instances. These Templates can be instantiated several times, and also shared with other users.
Virtual Machine Model

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A Virtual Machine within the OpenNebula system consists of:
? A capacity in terms memory and CPU
? A set of NICs attached to one or more virtual networks
? A set of disk images
? A state file (optional) or recovery file, that contains the memory image of a running VM plus some hypervisor

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specific information.
The above items, plus some additional VM attributes like the OS kernel and context information to be used inside the
VM, are specified in a template file.
Defining a VM in 3 Steps
Virtual Machines are defined in an OpenNebula Template. Templates are stored in a repository to easily browse and

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instantiate VMs from them. To create a new Template you have to define 3 things


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? Capacity & Name, how big will the VM be?
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
NAME Name that the VM will get for description purposes. Yes one-
MEMORY Amount of RAM required for the VM, in Megabytes. Yes
CPU CPU ratio (e..g half a physical CPU is 0.5). Yes

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VCPU Number of virtual cpus. No 1
Disks. Each disk is defined with a DISK attribute. A VM can use three types of disk:
? Use a persistent Image changes to the disk image will persist after the VM is shutdown.
? Use a non-persistent Image images are cloned, changes to the image will be lost.
? Volatile disks are created on the fly on the target host. After the VM is shutdown the disk is disposed.

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Persistent and Clone Disks
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
IMAGE_ID and IMAGE The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes
IMAGE_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No self

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IMAGE_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No self
Volatile
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
TYPE
Type of the disk: swap, fs. swap type will set the label to swap so it is

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easier to mount and the context packages will automatically mount it.
Yes
SIZE size in MB Yes
FORMAT
filesystem for fs images: ext2, ext3, etc. raw will not format the image. For

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VMs to run on vmfs or vmwareshared configurations, the valid values are:
Yes


34 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Attribute Description Mandatory Default
vmdk_thin, vmdk_zeroedthick, vmdk_eagerzeroedthick

Network Interfaces. Each network interface of a VM is defined with the NIC attribute.

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Attribute Description Mandatory Default
NETWORK_ID and NETWORK The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes
NETWORK_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No Self
NETWORK_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No Self

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The following example shows a VM Template file with a couple of disks and a network interface, also a VNC section
was added.
NAME = test-vm
MEMORY = 128
CPU = 1

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DISK = [ IMAGE = "Arch Linux" ]
DISK = [ TYPE = swap,
SIZE = 1024 ]

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NIC = [ NETWORK = "Public", NETWORK_UNAME="oneadmin" ]

GRAPHICS = [
TYPE = "vnc",
LISTEN = "0.0.0.0"]

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Simple templates can be also created using the command line instead of creating a template file. The parameters to
do this for onetemplate are:

Parameter

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Description
--namename Name for the VM
--cpucpu CPU percentage reserved for the VM (1=100% one CPU)

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35 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


Parameter

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Description
--vcpuvcpu Number of virtualized CPUs
--archarch Architecture of the VM, e.g.: i386 or x86_64
--memorymemory Memory ammount given to the VM
--diskdisk0,disk1 Disks to attach. To use a disk owned by other user use user[disk]

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--nicvnet0,vnet1 Networks to attach. To use a network owned by other user use user[network]
--rawstring
Raw string to add to the template. Not to be confused with the RAW attribute. If you want
to provide more than one element, just include an enter inside quotes, instead of using
more than one -raw option

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--vnc Add VNC server to the VM
--ssh[file]
Add an ssh public key to the context. If the file is omited then the user variable
SSH_PUBLIC_KEY will be used.
--net_context Add network contextualization parameters

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--contextline1,line2 * Lines to add to the context section
--bootdevice Select boot device (hd, fd, cdrom or network)
A similar template as the previous example can be created with the following command:
$ onetemplate create --name test-vm --memory 128 --cpu 1 --disk "Arch Linux" --nic Public
Managing Virtual Machines

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Assuming we have a VM Template registered called vm-example with ID 6, then we can instantiate the VM issuing
a:
$ onetemplate list

ID USER GROUP NAME REGTIME

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6 oneadminoneadminvm_example 09/28 06:44:07

$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm

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36 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

VM ID: 0
If the template has USER INPUTSdefined the CLI will prompt the user for these values:
$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm

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There are some parameters that require user input.

* (BLOG_TITLE) Blog Title:
* (DB_PASSWORD) Database Password:

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VM ID: 0
Afterwards, the VM can be listed with the onevmlist command. You can also use the onevmtop command to list VMs
continuously.
$ onevm list

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ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME
0 oneadminoneadminmy_vm pend 0 0K 00 00:00:03
After a Scheduling cycle, the VM will be automatically deployed. But the deployment can also be forced by oneadmin
using onevmdeploy:
$ onehost list

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ID NAME RVM TCPU FCPU ACPU TMEM FMEM AMEM STAT
2 testbed 0 800 800 800 16G 16G16G on
$ onevm deploy 0 2

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$ onevm list

ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME
0 oneadminoneadminmy_vmrunn 0 0K testbed 00 00:02:40

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$ onevm show 0
VIRTUAL MACHINE 0 INFORMATION
ID :0
NAME : my_vm
USER : oneadmin

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GROUP : oneadmin


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STATE : ACTIVE
LCM_STATE : RUNNING
START TIME : 04/14 09:00:24
END TIME : -
DEPLOY ID: : one-0

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PERMISSIONS
OWNER : um-
GROUP : ---
OTHER : ---
VIRTUAL MACHINE MONITORING

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NET_TX : 13.05
NET_RX : 0
USED MEMORY : 512
USED CPU : 0
VIRTUAL MACHINE TEMPLATE

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VIRTUAL MACHINE HISTORY

SEQ HOSTNAME REASON START TIME PTIME

0 testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00

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testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00

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38 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to run virtual machines on different configuration was successfully executed & its utilization time is
checked in various machines.

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39 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find procedure to run the virtual machine of different
Configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
Applications:
? An advantage of virtualizing the workload?s I/O path enables hardware independence by

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abstracting vendor specific drivers to more generalized versions that run on the hypervisor.
? It allows the live migration, which is one of virtualization?s greatest availability strengths
? The sharing of aggregate resources, such as network paths

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1. What is cloud computing?
2. What are the benefits of cloud computing?
3. What are the different data types used in cloud computing?
4. What are the different layers in cloud computing?

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5. What do you mean by software as a service?
6. What is on-demand functionality? How is it provided in cloud computing?
7. What are the platforms used for large scale cloud computing?
8. What are the different models for deployment in cloud computing?
9. What is the difference between cloud computing and mobile computing?

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10. What are the open source cloud computing platform databases?
11. What is the difference between cloud and traditional datacenters?
12. Why API's is used in cloud services?
13. What are the different datacenters in cloud computing?
14. Define API in data virtualization?

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15. List of API in cloud?
Viva-voce


40 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No.02: FIND PROCEDURE TO ATTACH VIRTUAL BLOCK TO
THE VIRTUAL MACHINE AND CHECK WHETHER IT HOLDS THE
DATA EVEN AFTER THE RELEASE OF THE VIRTUAL MACHINE.
Aim:

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To find a procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even after the
release of the virtual machine

Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

Procedure:

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VirtualBox uses a special kernel module called vboxdrv to perform physical memory allocation and to gain control of
the processor for guest system execution. Without this kernel module, you can still use the VirtualBox manager to
configure virtual machines, but they will not start. In addition, there are the network kernel modules vboxnetflt and
vboxnetadp which are required for the more advanced networking features of VirtualBox.
The VirtualBox kernel module is automatically installed on your system when you install VirtualBox. To

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maintain it with future kernel updates, for those Linux distributions which provide it -- most current ones -- we
recommend installing Dynamic Kernel Module Support (DKMS). This framework helps with building and upgrading
kernel modules.
If DKMS is not already installed, execute one of the following:
On an Ubuntu system:

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sudo apt-get install dkms
If DKMS is available and installed, the VirtualBox kernel module should always work automatically, and it will be
automatically rebuilt if your host kernel is updated.
Otherwise, there are only two situations in which you will need to worry about the kernel module:
1. The original installation fails. This probably means that your Linux system is not prepared for building

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external kernel modules.


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Most Linux distributions can be set up simply by installing the right packages - normally, these will be the
GNU compiler (GCC), GNU Make (make) and packages containing header files for your kernel - and making
sure that all system updates are installed and that the system is running the most up-to-date kernel included
in the distribution. The version numbers of the header file packages must be the same as that of the kernel
you are using.

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? With Debian and Ubuntu releases, you must install the right version of the linux-headers and if it exists
the linux-kbuild package. Current Ubuntu releases should have the right packages installed by default.
? In even older Debian and Ubuntu releases, you must install the right version of the kernel-headers
package.
? On Fedora and Redhat systems, the package is kernel-devel.

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? On SUSE and openSUSE Linux, you must install the right versions of the kernel-source and kernel-syms
packages.
? If you have built your own kernel, you will need to make sure that you also installed all the required
header and other files for building external modules to the right locations. The details of how to do
this will depend on how you built your kernel, and if you are unsure you should consult the

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documentation which you followed to do so.
2. The kernel of your Linux host was updated and DKMS is not installed. In that case, the kernel module will
need to be reinstalled by executing (as root):
rcvboxdrv setup
Performing the installation

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VirtualBox is available in a number of package formats native to various common Linux distributions. In addition,
there is an alternative generic installer (.run) which should work on most Linux distributions.
Installing VirtualBox from a Debian/Ubuntu package
First, download the appropriate package for your distribution. The following examples assume that you are installing
to a 32-bit Ubuntu Wily system. Use dpkg to install the Debian package:

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sudodpkg -i virtualbox-5.0_5.0.20_Ubuntu_wily_i386.deb
The installer will also try to build kernel modules suitable for the current running kernel. If the build process is not
successful you will be shown a warning and the package will be left unconfigured. Please have a look at /var/log/vbox-
install.log to find out why the compilation failed. You may have to install the appropriate Linux kernel After correcting
any problems, do

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42 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

sudorcvboxdrv setup

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This will start a second attempt to build the module.
If a suitable kernel module was found in the package or the module was successfully built, the installation script will
attempt to load that module.
Once VirtualBox has been successfully installed and configured, you can start it by selecting "VirtualBox" in your
start menu or from the command line.

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Using the alternative installer (VirtualBox.run)
The alternative installer performs the following steps:
? It unpacks the application files to the target directory,
/opt/VirtualBox/
which cannot be changed.

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? It builds the VirtualBox kernel modules (vboxdrv, vboxnetflt and vboxnetadp) and installs them.
? It creates /sbin/rcvboxdrv, an init script to start the VirtualBox kernel module.
? It creates a new system group called vboxusers.
? It creates symbolic links in /usr/bin to the a shell script (/opt/VirtualBox/VBox) which does some sanity checks
and dispatches to the actual executables, VirtualBox, VBoxSDL, VBoxVRDP, VBoxHeadless and VBoxManage

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? It creates /etc/udev/rules.d/60-vboxdrv.rules, a description file for udev, if that is present, which makes the USB
devices accessible to all users in the vboxusers group.
? It writes the installation directory to /etc/vbox/vbox.cfg.
The installer must be executed as root with either install or uninstall as the first parameter.
sudo ./VirtualBox.run install

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Or if you do not have the "sudo" command available, run the following as root instead:
./VirtualBox.run install


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After that you need to put every user which should be able to access USB devices from VirtualBox guests in the
group vboxusers, either through the GUI user management tools or by running the following command as root:
sudousermod -a -G vboxusers username
Performing a manual installation

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If, for any reason, you cannot use the shell script installer described previously, you can also perform a manual
installation. Invoke the installer like this:
./VirtualBox.run --keep --noexec
This will unpack all the files needed for installation in the directory install under the current directory. The VirtualBox
application files are contained in VirtualBox.tar.bz2 which you can unpack to any directory on your system. For

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example:
sudomkdir /opt/VirtualBox
sudo tar jxf ./install/VirtualBox.tar.bz2 -C /opt/VirtualBox
or as root:
mkdir /opt/VirtualBox

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tarjxf ./install/VirtualBox.tar.bz2 -C /opt/VirtualBox
The sources for VirtualBox's kernel module are provided in the src directory. To build the module, change to the
directory and issuemake
If everything builds correctly, issue the following command to install the module to the appropriate module directory:
sudo make install

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In case you do not have sudo, switch the user account to root and performmake install
The VirtualBox kernel module needs a device node to operate. The above make command will tell you how to create
the device node, depending on your Linux system. The procedure is slightly different for a classical Linux setup with
a /dev directory, a system with the now deprecated devfs and a modern Linux system with udev.
Note that the /dev/vboxdrv kernel module device node must be owned by root:root and must be read/writable only for

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the user.Next, you will have to install the system initialization script for the kernel module:
cp /opt/VirtualBox/vboxdrv.sh /sbin/rcvboxdrv
mkdir /etc/vbox
echo INSTALL_DIR=/opt/VirtualBox> /etc/vbox/vbox.cfg

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44 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

and, for convenience, create the following symbolic links:
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VirtualBox

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ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxManage
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxHeadless
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxSDL

Sample Output:

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Result:
Thus the program to attach virtual block to virtual machine was successfully executed & checked whether it holds the
data after the release of the virtual machine.

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45 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find a procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual
machine and check whether it holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
Application:
? To support the Cloud Computing with the Virtual Block Store System. The fast development of cloud
computing systems stimulates the needs for a standalone block storage system to provide persistent

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block storage services to virtual machines maintained by clouds.



1. What is Type-1 and Type-2 hypervisor?

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2. What is the use of virsh command?
3. Explain how you can transfer volume from one owner to another in Open Stack?
4. Discuss about KVM Features?
5. What is Virtual block?
6. What is Virtualization?

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7. What are virtual clusters?
8. How virtualization happens in data center?
9. List some of the open source grid middleware packages.
10. What is a programming model?
11. What is Hadoop?

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12. What are map and reduce functions?
13. How to run a job in hadoop?
14. What is HDFS?
15. What are the open source grid middleware packages?
16. What is peer to peer computing?

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17. What are node clusters?
18. How virtual migration happens in data center?
Viva-voce

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46 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No.03: INSTALL A C COMPILER IN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE AND
EXECUTE A SAMPLE PROGRAM.
Aim:

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To Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
1. Create a VM and Install any OS on it.
2.Install a C compiler on OS
3.Open a Editor and type the sample program and Save.
4.Compile and run the Program

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Example:
C programming on Linux based Environement

1. Open Terminal (Applications-Accessories-Terminal)
2. Open gedit by typing ?gedit&? on terminal(You can also use any other Text Editor application)

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3. Type the following on gedit
(or any other text editor)
#include
main()
{

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printf("Hello World\n");
}
Save this file as
?helloworld. C?
5. Type ?ls? on Terminal to see all files under current folder

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6. Confirm that ?helloworld.c? is in the current directory.
If not, type cd DIRECTORY_PATH to go to the
directory that has ?helloworld.c?
7. Type ?gcchelloworld.c? to compile, and type ?ls? to
confirm that a new executable file ?a.out? is created

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8. Type ?./a.out? on Terminal to run the program



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Result:

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Thus the program to install a C complier is done and the sample program was executed successfully.


48 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and
execute a sample program

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Application:
The application of installing a C compiler in the virtual machine benefits to have a portable executable, for
each platform.

1. What is the difference between Xen & KVM ?

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2. What are different hypervisors available in Linux ?
3. Which command is used to list all virtual machine running on the KVM hypervisor ?
4. What are the different states of a VM in Xen hypervisor ?
5. How to forcefully shutdown the KVM based virtual machine from the command line ?
6. What is virtual Machine?

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7. What is Compiler?
8. What is Directory?
9. List the C Compilers available?
10. What is virtualization?
11. List out VM operations

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12. What are different hypervisors available in windows?
13. How to implement applications on the cloud to install C compiler?
14. What are grid and cloud tools available?
15. What is hypervisor?
Viva-voce

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49 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No.04: SHOW THE VIRTUAL MACHINE MIGRATION BASED ON

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THE CERTAIN CONDITION FROM ONE NODE TO THE OTHER.

Aim:
To Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
1.Update source and target virtual machines to latest package versions
To help ensure that platform images between cloud providers are running the same version of key operating system
packages, update these packages to the latest versions on both source and target virtual machines.
sudo apt-get update

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sudo apt-get upgrade
2. Install rsync and screen packages on source and target virtual machines
The migration of application packages and files in this process will use rsync over ssh between source and target
virtual machines. The actual transfer of files between virtual machines can take some time, so I also recommend
using screen so that you can easily re-attach to an in-progress migration session if you are inadvertently

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disconnected.
Ensure that rsync and screen packages are installed on both the source and target virtual machines with these
commands:
sudo apt-get install rsync
sudo apt-get install screen

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3. Add a consistent user account to both source and target virtual machines
To facilitate the migration process, ensure that you have a consistent user account configured on both source and
target virtual machines with sudo enabled. The newly provisioned target virtual machines from Task 3 already

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50 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

include a user named azureuser with sudo enabled. To configure this same user on each source virtual machine,
use the following commands:
sudogroupadd -g 500 azureuser

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sudouseradd -u 500 -g 500 -m -s /bin/bash azureuser
sudopasswdazureuser
4. Start a screen session for the migration
On the source virtual machine, enter a new screen session for the migration by using the following command:
sudo screen -S AzureMigration

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If you are disconnected from the source virtual machine during the migration process, you can reconnect to the
detached screen session by using the following command after signing in again to the source virtual machine:
sudo screen -r
5. Build an exclusion list of directories and files
During the migration, we want to be careful to skip any files that include configuration information relating to the

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identity of the source virtual machines, such as IP addresses, hostnames, ssh keys, etc. For the Ubuntu-based
virtual machines that we migrated, we used the following commands on each source virtual machine to build our
list of directories and files to exclude from the migration process:
EXCLUDEFILE=/tmp/exclude.file
EXCLUDELIST='/boot /etc/fstab /etc/hostname /etc/issue /etc/hosts

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/etc/sudoers /etc/networks /etc/network/* /etc/resolv.conf
/etc/ssh/* /etc/sysctl.conf /etc/mtab /etc/udev/rules.d/*
/lock /net /tmp'
EXCLUDEPATH=$(echo $EXCLUDELIST | sed 's/\ /\\n/g')
echo -e $EXCLUDEPATH > $EXCLUDEFILE

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find / -name '*cloud-init*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE
find / -name '*cloud-config*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE
find / -name '*cloud-final*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE

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51 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

The actual list of directories and files that you exclude may vary from this list, based on the Linux distro version,
packages and applications that you are migrating.
Credits: Kudos to Kevin Carter who wrote a great article a couple years ago that provided a useful starting point for

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building a list of directories and files to consider excluding as part of a Linux-to-Linux migration process!
6. Stop applications during migration
To minimize application data changes from occurring during the migration process, stop the related applications and
daemons on the source virtual machines. The application that we migrated was a web application built using
Apache2, so we simply stopped the related Apache2 daemon.

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sudo service stop apache2
7. Migrate the application files and data
From each source virtual machine, migrate application files and data using two rsync passes over ssh. The first
pass performs the bulk of the data transfer, whereas the second pass uses checksums to confirm that all files were
transferred successfully.

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TARGETVM="insert_target_vm_public_ip_address"
rsync -e "ssh" -rlpEAXogDtSzh -P -x ?exclude-from="$EXCLUDEFILE" ?rsync-path="sudorsync" ?
verbose ?progress / azureuser@$TARGETVM:/
rsync -e "ssh" -crlpEAXogDtSzh -P -x ?exclude-from="$EXCLUDEFILE" ?rsync-path="sudorsync" ?
verbose ?progress / azureuser@$TARGETVM:/

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8. Restart each target virtual machine
After both rsync passes have completed, restart each target virtual machine to complete the migration
process.
sshazureuser@$TARGETVM
shutdown -r now

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Result:
Thus the program to implement migration of virtual machine was executed successfully.
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

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0 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

College o f Engineering
?

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DEPARTMENT OF
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

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CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
VII SEMESTER - R 2013

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Name : ______________________________________
Reg. No. : ______________________________________
Section : ______________________________________
LABORATORY MANUAL

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1 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

DHANALAKSHMI

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is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and enterprising
professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and training.

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? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic Excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart and
soul

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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

To strive for acquiring, applying and imparting knowledge in Computer Science and Engineering through quality
education and to provide enthusiastic professionals with commitment

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? To produce highly competent and globally employable engineers in the field of Computer Science and
Engineering
? To inculcate human values among the student community and make them realize their commitment to the society

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? To exhibit excellence in pursuit of research and innovative products with a zeal to serve the society


VISION
VISION

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MISSION
MISSION


2 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)
1. Fundamentals
To provide students with a solid foundation in Mathematics, Science and fundamentals of engineering, enabling
them to apply, to find solutions for engineering problems and use this knowledge to acquire higher education

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2. Core Competence
To train the students in Computer science and engineering technologies so that they apply their knowledge and
training to compare, and to analyze various engineering industrial problems to find solutions
3. Breadth
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice this enables them to

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find solutions for the real time problems in industry, and to design products
4. Professionalism
To inculcate professional and effective communication skills, leadership qualities and team spirit in the students
to make them multi-faceted personalities and develop their ability to relate engineering issues to broader social
context

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5. Lifelong Learning/Ethics
To demonstrate and practice ethical and professional responsibilities in the industry and society in the large,
through commitment and lifelong learning needed for successful professional career

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4


PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)

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a) To demonstrate and apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Electronics and Communication Engineering field
b) To design a component, a system or a process to meet the specific needs within the realistic constraints
such as economics, environment, ethics, health, safety and manufacturability
c) To demonstrate the competency to use software tools for computation, simulation and testing of electronics and

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communication engineering circuits
d) To identify, formulate and solve electronic and communication engineering problems
e) To demonstrate an ability to visualize and work on laboratory and multidisciplinary tasks
f) To function as a member or a leader in multidisciplinary activities
g) To communicate in verbal and written form with fellow engineers and society at large

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h) To understand the impact of Electronics and Communication Engineering in the society and demonstrate awareness
of contemporary issues and commitment to give solutions exhibiting social responsibility
i) To demonstrate professional & ethical responsibilities
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To participate and succeed in competitive exams

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5 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

SYLLABUS
Learn the working of ARM processor

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Understand the Building Blocks of Embedded Systems
Learn the concept of memory map and memory interface
Know the characteristics of Real Time Systems
Write programs to interface memory, I/Os with processor
Study the interrupt performance

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LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
GRID COMPUTING LAB
Use Globus Toolkit or equivalent and do the following:
1. Develop a new Web Service for Calculator.
2. Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service.

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3. Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service.
4. Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs
5. Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus Toolkit.
6. Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it with and without
GRAM concept.

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CLOUD COMPUTING LAB
Use Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent to set up the cloud and demonstrate.
1. Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines
COURSE OBJECTIVES

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6 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

can be utilized at particular time.

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2. Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even
after the release of the virtual machine.
3. Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program.
4. Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other.
5. Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it.

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6. Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster.
7. Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE.
8. Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it.
9. Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits.
? Design and implement applications on the Grid.

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? Design and Implement applications on the Cloud.
? Design network objects by applying the networking concepts.
? Create virtualization concept.
? Design web based applications.
? Apply cloud tools for resource allocation.

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? Apply grid tools for network translation.
? Design private cloud using open stack.
COURSE OUTCOMES

7

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CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
CONTENTS
Sl. No. Name of the Experiment Page No.

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CYCLE 1 ? EXPERIMENTS ( GRID COMPUTING)
1
Develop a new Web Service for Calculator 7
2
Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service 16

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3
Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service 19
4
Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs 22
5

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Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus
Toolkit
25
6
Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it

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with and without GRAM concept
27
CYCLE 2 ? EXPERIMENTS (CLOUD COMPUTING)
1
Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how

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many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
34
2
Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it
holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine

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36
3 Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program 39
4
Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to
the other

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42
5 Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it 45
6 Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster 47
7 Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE
ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS

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1 Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it 52
2 Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks 55

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INTRODUCTION TO GRID COMPUTING

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GRID TECHNOLOGY

? Flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and

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resource
? Grid architecture
? Defined using services and protocols
? Using the ?sand hourglass? model similar to the TCP/IP protocol stack

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"A computational grid is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides dependable, consistent, pervasive and
inexpensive access to high-end computational capabilities."
Grid computing makes it possible to dynamically share and coordinate dispersed, heterogeneous computing
resources. Flexibility and ubiquity are essential characteristics of Web services technologies such as WSDL (Web
Services Description Language), SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), and UDDI (Universal Description,

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Discovery, and Integration).
The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) combines technologies to unlock and exploit grid-attached resources.
OGSA defines mechanisms to create, manage, and exchange information between Grid Services, a special type of
Web service. The architecture uses WSDL extensively to describe the structure and behavior of a service. Service
descriptions are located and discovered using Web Services Inspection Language (WSIL). By combining elements

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from grid computing and Web services technologies, OGSA establishes an extensible and interoperable design and
development framework for Grid Services that includes details for service definition, discovery, and life-cycle
management.

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9 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


GLOBUS TOOLKIT

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The Globus Toolkit provides software tools to make it easier to build computational grids and grid-based
applications. The Globus Toolkit is both an open architecture and open source toolkit.

? The Globus Toolkit is a product of the Globus Alliance (http://www.globus.org)
? It is middleware for developing grids

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? The current release is 6.0.
? Four key protocols and APIs
? Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI)
? Grid Resource Allocation & Mgmt (GRAM)
? Grid Resource Information Protocol (GRIP) and Index Information Protocol (GIIP)

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? Grid File Transfer Protocol (GridFTP)
? Implementations on many platforms
? Resources, security systems, data models,
? Various collective layer protocols & tools
? Info services, replica management, etc.

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? A basis for many Grid-enabled tools & apps
FTP, SSH, Condor, SRB, MPI, EDG, GridPort,
GLOBUS TOOLKIT? COMPONENTS
? Security
? GSI ? Grid Security Infrastructure

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? Resource Management
? GRAM ? Grid Resource Allocation Manager
o globusrun
o RSL
o gatekeeper

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o job manager
o DUROC ? Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator
? Information Services
? MDS ? Monitoring and Discovery Service

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10 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

o GRIS ? Grid Resource Information Service
o GIIS ? Grid Index Information Service

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o MDS Client
? Data Management
o GridFTP, GASS
The Globus Toolkit latest version 6.0 includes:
GSI: security

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GridFTP: file transfer
GRAM: job execution/resource management
MyProxy: credential repository/certificate authority
GSI-OpenSSH: GSI secure single sign-on remote shell

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GLOBUS TOOLKIT INSTALLATION PROCEDURE
Step1: For installing Globus Toolkit nothing more easy than download the latest package:

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http://toolkit.globus.org/ftppub/gt6/installers/repo/globus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
sudodpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Step2: Update the repositories: sudo apt-get update
Step3: To install Debian or Ubuntu package, download the globus-toolkit-repo package
from the link above and install it with the command:

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root@sysa63:/home/#dpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Do the following for Debian-based systems:
root@sysa63:/home/#apt-get install globus-data-management-client

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12 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 01: DEVELOP A NEW WEB SERVICE FOR CALCULATOR

Aim:

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Develop a Web Service for new Calculator
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
1. Our first web service is an extremely simple Math Web Service, which we'll refer to asMathService. It will
2. allow users to perform the following operations:
a. Addition
b. Subtraction

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3. Furthermore, MathService will have the following resource properties (RPs for short):
a. Value (integer)
b. Last operation performed (string)
4. We will also add a "Get Value" operation to access the Value RP. Once a new resource is created, the
"value" RP is initialized to zero, and the "last operation" RP is initialized to "NONE". The parameter is

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added/subtracted to the "value" RP, and the "last operation" RP is changed to "ADDITION" or
"SUBTRACTION" accordingly. Also, the addition and subtraction operations don't return anything.
5. Writing and deploying a WSRF Web Service is easier than you might think. You just have to follow five
simple steps.
6. Define the service's interface. This is done with WSDL

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7. Implement the service. This is done with Java.
8. Define the deployment parameters. This is done with WSDD and JNDI
9. Compile everything and generate a GAR file. This is done with Ant
10. Deploy service. This is also done with a GT4 tool

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Sample Code:

_instance"
xmlns ="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"
xmlns:tns="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/examples/core/MathService_instance"

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xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsrp="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-
ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.xsd" xmlns:wsrpw="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-


13 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.wsdl"
xmlns:wsdlpp="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/2004/10/WSDLPreprocessor"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">

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Result:
Thus the program for developing web service for new calculator was successfully executed.

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14 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid by using Web Service for new Calculator
Applications:
To make a calculator in Windows application using web service

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1) What is Web Service?
2) What are the advantages of web services?
3) What are the different types of web services?

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4) What is SOAP?
5) What are the advantages of SOAP web services?
6) What are the disadvantages of SOAP web services?
7) What is WSDL?
8) What is UDDI?

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9) What are RESTful web services?
10) What are the advantages of RESTful web services?
11) What is the difference between SOAP and REST web services?
12) What is SOA service architecture?
13) What tools are used to deploy web services?

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14) What is Web Service architecture?
15) What are the advantages of web services in globus toolkit?
16) What are the different types of web services?
17) What is SOAP web services?
18) What is UDP and TCP?

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19) What is stateless SOA?
20) What is data balancing in WSDL?
Viva-voce

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15 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 02: DEVELOP NEW OGSA-COMPLIANT WEB SERVICE

Aim:

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To develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid Service using .NET language.
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:

1. Developed by the Global Grid Forum
2. Aims to define a common, standard, open architecture for Grid Applications.
3. Defines a set of rules that make up a grid service.

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4. Sharing and Coordinated use of diverse resources in Dynamic VO's

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Result:

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Thus the program for developing OGSA- Complaint web service was successfully executed.


16 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid
Service using .NET language

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Applications:
? Sharing of information among diverse components of large heterogenous grid systems
? WAN

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1. How would you decide what style of Web Service to use? SOAP WS or REST?
2. Does the service expose data or business logic?
3. Do consumers and the service providers require a formal contract?
4. Do we need to support multiple data formats?

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5. Do we need to make AJAX calls?
6. Is the call synchronous or asynchronous?
7. What level of security is required?
8. What level of transaction support is required?
9. Do we have limited band width?

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10. What tools do you use to test your Web Services?
11. What is the difference between SOA and a Web service?
12. What is a microservice architecture (aka MSA)?
13. What is data integrity?
14. What is cloud infrastructure?

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Viva-voce

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17 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 03: USING APACHE AXIS DEVELOP A GRID SERVICE

Aim:

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To develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
1. Creating the New Level in the Package
2. Edit the Configuration Files
3. Modify the Service Code
4. Modify the Client

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5. Compile and Deploy
6. Starting the Container
7. Compile the Client
8. Run the Client

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18 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:
Addition was successful
Subtraction was successful
Multiplication was successful
Division was successful

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Current value: 20.

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Result:
Thus the program for Grid Service using Apache Axis was successfully executed.

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19 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Applications:
? To create web service in Java
? To work with Globus Tool kit standards web service

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1. What are the different application integration styles?
2. What is Grid Computing?
3. What is QOS?
4. What are the derivatives of grid computing?

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5. What are the features of data grids?
6. What is load balancing?
7. What is grid infrastructure?
8. Define ? Distributed Computing.
9. Define ? OSGI.

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10. Define ? OSGA.
11. What is the use of API?s in cloud services?
12. What is the difference between cloud and grid?
13. What is data communication?
14. What are the elements of data communication?

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Viva-voce


20 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 04: DEVELOP APPLICATIONS USING JAVA OR C/C++ GRID
APIS
Aim:
To develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Import all the necessary java packages and name the file as GridLayoutDemo.java

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2. Set up components to preferred size
3. Add buttons to experiment with Grid Layout
4. Add controls to set up horizontal and vertical gaps
5. Process the Apply gaps button press
6. Create the GUI

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7. Create and set up the window,Set up the content pane and Display the Window
8. Schedule a job for the event dispatch thread
9. Show the application's GUI

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21 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:

Figure 1: Horizontal, Left-to-Right Figure 2: Horizontal, Right-to-Left

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Result:
Thus the program to develop an application in java using Grid APIs was successfully executed.


22 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop an application in Java using Grid APIs

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Applications:
Used for defining a application programme interface for common distributes computing functionality

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1) Describe the two most important advantages of using Distributed/Grid Computing.
2) What is the main function of DNS?
3) Briefly outline two applications of Public Key systems.
4) Provide one major difference between synchronous and asynchronous communication.
5) Provide one major difference between ASCII and Unicode encodings.

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6) Provide two major differences between sequential computing and parallel computing.
7) Write the any three Grid Applications.
8) Give the examples of Hardware service provider.
9) Give the example of software application ASP.
10) What are grid portals? Give example.

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11) What are the high level services including in existing globus tool kit?
12) Name the components available in Nimrod architecture?
13) What are the major objectives of Euro grid project?
14) What is the application specific work packages identified for the Euro grid?
15) Define dynamic accounting system.

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Viva-voce

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23 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

EX.NO. 05: DEVELOP SECURED APPLICATIONS USING BASIC

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SECURITY MECHANISMS AVAILABLE IN GLOBUS TOOLKIT.
Aim:
To develop a secured applications using a basic security mechanisms available in Globus toolkit
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
The Globus Toolkit incorporates multiple security components that establish the identity of users or services
(authentication), protect communications, and determine who is allowed to perform what actions (authorization), as

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well as manage user credentials.
? GSI C: The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and
certificate management.
? MyProxy: MyProxy is open source software for managing X.509 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) security
credentials (certificates and private keys).

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? GSI-OpenSSH: GSI-OpenSSH is a modified version of OpenSSH that adds support for X.509 proxy
certificate authentication and delegation, providing a single sign-on remote login and file transfer service.
The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and certificate
management. The authentication API is built using Public KeyInfrastructure (PKI) technologies, e.g. X.509
Certificates and TLS. In addition to authentication it features a delegation mechanism based upon X.509 Proxy

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Certificates. Authorization support takes the form of a couple of APIs. The first provides a generic authorization API
that allows callouts to perform access control based on the client's credentials (i.e. the X.509 certificate chain). The
second provides a simple access control list that maps authorized remote entities to local (system) user names. The
second mechanism also provides callouts that allow third parties to override the default behavior and is currently
used in the Gatekeeper and GridFTP servers. In addition to the above there are various lower level APIs and tools

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for managing, discovering and querying certificates.
Components for Grid Security
1. Basic Security Mechanisms
2. Components for Credential Generation
3. Components for Credential Management

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24 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Beyond verifying the identities of users and services, basic Grid security mechanisms leave access control decisions

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to services. The Grid community has developed authorization and access control tools for storing and providing
access to system-wide authorization information and for creating a central data store for supporting decentralized
control mechanisms.
Basic Security Mechanisms
? Pre-Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A non-Web services implementation of the Grid

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Security Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI
mechanisms
? Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A Web services implementation of the Grid Security
Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI mechanisms

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Result:

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Thus the program to develop a security application available in Globus toolkit was successfully executed.
Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a secured applications using a basic security

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mechanisms available in Globus toolkit



25 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Applications:
To provide easy acces to best breed open source network security

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1. What are the collective services available in grid computing?
2. What are the basic principles of autonomous computing?
3. What are the four essential characteristics of on demand business?
4. What are the essential capabilities provided by on demand business?
5. What are the two most important technologies for building semantic webs?

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6. Define Peer to Peer computing?
7. What is the combination of Globus GT3 toolkit?
8. What is a GT3 core?
9. What are the components available in service model?
10. Define WS-Trust

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11. Define WS ?Federation
12. Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
13. Who are the actors in CDC?
14. Mention the scenarios in CDC?
15. What are the functional requirements of CDC on OGSA?

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Viva-voce

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26 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 06: DEVELOP A GRID PORTAL, WHERE USER CAN SUBMIT

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A JOB AND GET THE RESULT, IMPLEMENT IT WITH AND WITHOUT
GRAM CONCEPT.
Aim:
To develop a Grid portal and implement it with and without GRAM concept
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

Procedure:

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Multiple times that the likely user interface to grid applications will be through portals, specifically Web portals. A grid
portal may be constructed as a Web page interface to provide easy access to grid applications. The Web user
interface provides user authentication, job submission, job monitoring, and results of the job.
Globus Resource Allocation Manager (GRAM)
When a job is submitted by a client, the request is sent to the remote host and handled by a gatekeeper daemon.

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The gatekeeper creates a job manager to start and monitor the job. When the job is finished, the job manager
sends the status information back to the client and terminates.
The GRAM subsystem consists of the following elements:
? The globusrun command and associated APIs Resource Specification Language (RSL)
? The gatekeeper daemon The job manager Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator (DUROC)

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Each of these elements are described briefly below.
The globusrun command
The globusrun command (or its equivalent API) submits a job to a resource within the grid. This command
is typically passed an RSL string (see below) that specifies parameters and other properties required to successfully
launch and run the job

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27 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Resource Specification Language (RSL)

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RSL is a language used by clients to specify the job to be run. All job submission requests are described in an RSL
string that includes information such as the executable file; its parameters; information about redirection of stdin,
stdout, and stderr; and so on. Basically it provides a standard way of specifying all of the information required to
execute a job, independent of the target environment. It is then the responsibility of the job manager on the target
system to parse the information and launch the job in the appropriate way.

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The syntax of RSL is very straightforward. Each statement is enclosed within parenthesis. Comments are
designated with parenthesis and asterisks, for example, (* this is a comment *). Supported attributes include the
following:
rsl_substitution: Defines variables
executable: The script or command to be run

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arguments: Information or flags to be passed to the executable
stdin: Specifies the remote URL and local file used for the executable stdout: Specifies the remote file to place
standard output from the job stderr: Specifies the remote file to place standard error from the job queue: Specifies the
queue to submit the job (requires a scheduler) count: Specifies the number of executions
directory: Specifies the directory to run the job

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project: Specifies a project account for the job (requires a scheduler) dryRun: Verifies the RSL string but
does not run the job
maxMemory: Specifies the maximum amount of memory in MBs required for the job
minMemory: Specifies the minimum amount of memory in MBs required for the job
hostCount: Specifies the number of nodes in a cluster required for the job environment: Specifies environment

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variables that are required for the job
jobType: Specifies the type of job single process, multi-process, mpi, or condor
maxTime: Specifies the maximum execution wall or cpu time for one execution
maxWallTime: Specifies the maximum walltime for one execution maxCpuTime: Specifies the maximum
cpu time for one execution

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gramMyjob: Specifies the whether the gram myjob interface starts one process/thread (independent) or more
(collective)


28 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to develop Grid Portal was successfully executed.

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29 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid portal and implement it with and
without GRAM concept
Application:
? It is useful and necessary for interfaces for the performance of operations on the Grid. The Grid
Portal Development Kit (GPDK) facilitates the development of Grid portals and provides several key

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reusable components for accessing various Grid services.
? A Grid Portal provides a customizable interface allowing scientists to perform a variety of Grid
operations including remote program submission, file staging, and querying of information services
from a single, secure gateway.
? The Grid Portal Development Kit leverages off existing Globus/Grid middleware infrastructure as

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well as commodity web technology including Java Server Pages and servlets .



1) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?

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2) What are the major goals of OGSA?
3) What are the more specific goals of OGSA?
4) What are the main purposes of use case defined by OGSA?
5) Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
6) What are the layers available in OGSA architectural organizations?

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7) What are the OGSA basic services?
8) What are the two aspects involved in GRAM?
9) What are the two kinds of lifecycle model associated with state data recovery?
10) What is a GT3 core?
11) What are the major components of default server side framework?

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12) What is Grid container?
13) What are the two levels of security available in GT3?
14) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?
15) What are the two different message-level authentication mechanisms provided by GT3 framework?
16) What are the most common GT3 security handlers?

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Viva-voce


30 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO CLOUD COMPUTING

What is cloud computing?
Cloud computing means that instead of all the computer hardware and software you're using sitting on your
desktop, or somewhere inside your company's network, it's provided for you as a service by another company and

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accessed over the Internet, usually in a completely seamless way. Exactly where the hardware and software is
located and how it all works doesn't matter to you, the user?it's just somewhere up in the nebulous "cloud" that the
Internet represents.
Cloud computing is a buzzword that means different things to different people. For some, it's just another way of
describing IT (information technology) "outsourcing"; others use it to mean any computing service provided over the

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Internet or a similar network; and some define it as any bought-in computer service you use that sits outside your
firewall.
Types of cloud computing
IT people talk about three different kinds of cloud computing, where different services are being provided for you.
Note that there's a certain amount of vagueness about how these things are defined and some overlap between

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them.
? Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) means you're buying access to raw computing hardware over the Net,
such as servers or storage. Since you buy what you need and pay-as-you-go, this is often referred to as
utility computing. Ordinary web hosting is a simple example of IaaS: you pay a monthly subscription or a
per-megabyte/gigabyte fee to have a hosting company serve up files for your website from their servers.

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? Software as a Service (SaaS) means you use a complete application running on someone else's system.
Web-based email and Google Documents are perhaps the best-known examples. Zoho is another well-
known SaaS provider offering a variety of office applications online.
? Platform as a Service (PaaS) means you develop applications using Web-based tools so they run on
systems software and hardware provided by another company. So, for example, you might develop your

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own ecommerce website but have the whole thing, including the shopping cart, checkout, and payment
mechanism running on a merchant's server. App Cloud (from salesforce.com) and the Google App Engine
are examples of PaaS.
Advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing
Advantages

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The pros of cloud computing are obvious and compelling. If your business is selling books or repairing shoes,
why get involved in the nitty gritty of buying and maintaining a complex computer system? If you run an insurance
office, do you really want your sales agents wasting time running anti-virus software, upgrading word-processors, or
worrying about hard-drive crashes? Do you really want them cluttering your expensive computers with their personal

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emails, illegally shared MP3 files, and naughty YouTube videos?when you could leave that responsibility to
someone else? Cloud computing allows you to buy in only the services you want, when you want them, cutting the

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upfront capital costs of computers and peripherals. You avoid equipment going out of date and other familiar IT
problems like ensuring system security and reliability. You can add extra services (or take them away) at a moment's
notice as your business needs change. It's really quick and easy to add new applications or services to your
business without waiting weeks or months for the new computer (and its software) to arrive.
Drawbacks

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Instant convenience comes at a price. Instead of purchasing computers and software, cloud computing means you
buy services, so one-off, upfront capital costs become ongoing operating costs instead. That might work out much
more expensive in the long-term.
If you're using software as a service (for example, writing a report using an online word processor or sending emails
through webmail), you need a reliable, high-speed, broadband Internet connection functioning the whole time you're

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working. That's something we take for granted in countries such as the United States, but it's much more of an issue
in developing countries or rural areas where broadband is unavailable.
An Introduction to Cloud Computing with OpenNebula
An OpenNebula Private Cloud provides infrastructure users with an elastic platform for fast delivery and scalability of
services to meet dynamic demands of service end-users. Services are hosted in VMs, and then submitted,

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monitored and controlled in the Cloud by using Sunstone or any of the OpenNebula interfaces:
? Command Line Interface (CLI)
? XML-RPC API
? OpenNebulaRuby and Java Cloud APIs
The aim of a Private Cloud is not to expose to the world a cloud interface to sell capacity over the Internet, but to

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provide local cloud users and administrators with a flexible and agile private infrastructure to run virtualized service
workloads within the administrative domain. OpenNebula virtual infrastructure interfaces expose user and
administrator functionality for virtualization, networking, image and physical resource configuration, management,
monitoring and accounting.

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Expt.No.1: FIND PROCEDURE TO RUN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE OF
DIFFERENT CONFIGURATION. CHECK HOW MANY VIRTUAL

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MACHINES CAN BE UTILIZED AT PARTICULAR TIME.

Aim:
To Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be
utilized at particular time

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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Creating Virtual Machines
In OpenNebula the Virtual Machines are defined with Template files. The Template Repository system allows
OpenNebula administrators and users to register Virtual Machine definitions in the system, to be instantiated later as
Virtual Machine instances. These Templates can be instantiated several times, and also shared with other users.

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Virtual Machine Model
A Virtual Machine within the OpenNebula system consists of:
? A capacity in terms memory and CPU
? A set of NICs attached to one or more virtual networks
? A set of disk images

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? A state file (optional) or recovery file, that contains the memory image of a running VM plus some hypervisor
specific information.
The above items, plus some additional VM attributes like the OS kernel and context information to be used inside the
VM, are specified in a template file.
Defining a VM in 3 Steps

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Virtual Machines are defined in an OpenNebula Template. Templates are stored in a repository to easily browse and
instantiate VMs from them. To create a new Template you have to define 3 things


33 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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? Capacity & Name, how big will the VM be?
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
NAME Name that the VM will get for description purposes. Yes one-
MEMORY Amount of RAM required for the VM, in Megabytes. Yes

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CPU CPU ratio (e..g half a physical CPU is 0.5). Yes
VCPU Number of virtual cpus. No 1
Disks. Each disk is defined with a DISK attribute. A VM can use three types of disk:
? Use a persistent Image changes to the disk image will persist after the VM is shutdown.
? Use a non-persistent Image images are cloned, changes to the image will be lost.

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? Volatile disks are created on the fly on the target host. After the VM is shutdown the disk is disposed.

Persistent and Clone Disks
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
IMAGE_ID and IMAGE The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes

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IMAGE_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No self
IMAGE_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No self
Volatile
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
TYPE

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Type of the disk: swap, fs. swap type will set the label to swap so it is
easier to mount and the context packages will automatically mount it.
Yes
SIZE size in MB Yes
FORMAT

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filesystem for fs images: ext2, ext3, etc. raw will not format the image. For
VMs to run on vmfs or vmwareshared configurations, the valid values are:
Yes

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34 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Attribute Description Mandatory Default
vmdk_thin, vmdk_zeroedthick, vmdk_eagerzeroedthick

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Network Interfaces. Each network interface of a VM is defined with the NIC attribute.
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
NETWORK_ID and NETWORK The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes
NETWORK_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No Self
NETWORK_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No Self

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The following example shows a VM Template file with a couple of disks and a network interface, also a VNC section
was added.
NAME = test-vm
MEMORY = 128

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CPU = 1

DISK = [ IMAGE = "Arch Linux" ]
DISK = [ TYPE = swap,
SIZE = 1024 ]

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NIC = [ NETWORK = "Public", NETWORK_UNAME="oneadmin" ]

GRAPHICS = [
TYPE = "vnc",

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LISTEN = "0.0.0.0"]
Simple templates can be also created using the command line instead of creating a template file. The parameters to
do this for onetemplate are:

Parameter

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Description
--namename Name for the VM
--cpucpu CPU percentage reserved for the VM (1=100% one CPU)

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35 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


Parameter

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Description
--vcpuvcpu Number of virtualized CPUs
--archarch Architecture of the VM, e.g.: i386 or x86_64
--memorymemory Memory ammount given to the VM

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--diskdisk0,disk1 Disks to attach. To use a disk owned by other user use user[disk]
--nicvnet0,vnet1 Networks to attach. To use a network owned by other user use user[network]
--rawstring
Raw string to add to the template. Not to be confused with the RAW attribute. If you want
to provide more than one element, just include an enter inside quotes, instead of using

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more than one -raw option
--vnc Add VNC server to the VM
--ssh[file]
Add an ssh public key to the context. If the file is omited then the user variable
SSH_PUBLIC_KEY will be used.

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--net_context Add network contextualization parameters
--contextline1,line2 * Lines to add to the context section
--bootdevice Select boot device (hd, fd, cdrom or network)
A similar template as the previous example can be created with the following command:
$ onetemplate create --name test-vm --memory 128 --cpu 1 --disk "Arch Linux" --nic Public

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Managing Virtual Machines
Assuming we have a VM Template registered called vm-example with ID 6, then we can instantiate the VM issuing
a:
$ onetemplate list

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ID USER GROUP NAME REGTIME
6 oneadminoneadminvm_example 09/28 06:44:07

$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm

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36 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

VM ID: 0
If the template has USER INPUTSdefined the CLI will prompt the user for these values:

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$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm

There are some parameters that require user input.

* (BLOG_TITLE) Blog Title:

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* (DB_PASSWORD) Database Password:
VM ID: 0
Afterwards, the VM can be listed with the onevmlist command. You can also use the onevmtop command to list VMs
continuously.
$ onevm list

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ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME
0 oneadminoneadminmy_vm pend 0 0K 00 00:00:03
After a Scheduling cycle, the VM will be automatically deployed. But the deployment can also be forced by oneadmin
using onevmdeploy:

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$ onehost list

ID NAME RVM TCPU FCPU ACPU TMEM FMEM AMEM STAT
2 testbed 0 800 800 800 16G 16G16G on
$ onevm deploy 0 2

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$ onevm list

ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME
0 oneadminoneadminmy_vmrunn 0 0K testbed 00 00:02:40

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$ onevm show 0
VIRTUAL MACHINE 0 INFORMATION
ID :0
NAME : my_vm

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USER : oneadmin
GROUP : oneadmin


37 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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STATE : ACTIVE
LCM_STATE : RUNNING
START TIME : 04/14 09:00:24
END TIME : -

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DEPLOY ID: : one-0
PERMISSIONS
OWNER : um-
GROUP : ---
OTHER : ---

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VIRTUAL MACHINE MONITORING
NET_TX : 13.05
NET_RX : 0
USED MEMORY : 512
USED CPU : 0

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VIRTUAL MACHINE TEMPLATE
VIRTUAL MACHINE HISTORY

SEQ HOSTNAME REASON START TIME PTIME

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0 testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00
testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00

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38 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to run virtual machines on different configuration was successfully executed & its utilization time is
checked in various machines.

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39 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find procedure to run the virtual machine of different
Configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
Applications:

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? An advantage of virtualizing the workload?s I/O path enables hardware independence by
abstracting vendor specific drivers to more generalized versions that run on the hypervisor.
? It allows the live migration, which is one of virtualization?s greatest availability strengths
? The sharing of aggregate resources, such as network paths

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1. What is cloud computing?
2. What are the benefits of cloud computing?
3. What are the different data types used in cloud computing?

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4. What are the different layers in cloud computing?
5. What do you mean by software as a service?
6. What is on-demand functionality? How is it provided in cloud computing?
7. What are the platforms used for large scale cloud computing?
8. What are the different models for deployment in cloud computing?

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9. What is the difference between cloud computing and mobile computing?
10. What are the open source cloud computing platform databases?
11. What is the difference between cloud and traditional datacenters?
12. Why API's is used in cloud services?
13. What are the different datacenters in cloud computing?

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14. Define API in data virtualization?
15. List of API in cloud?
Viva-voce

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40 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No.02: FIND PROCEDURE TO ATTACH VIRTUAL BLOCK TO
THE VIRTUAL MACHINE AND CHECK WHETHER IT HOLDS THE
DATA EVEN AFTER THE RELEASE OF THE VIRTUAL MACHINE.

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Aim:
To find a procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even after the
release of the virtual machine

Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
VirtualBox uses a special kernel module called vboxdrv to perform physical memory allocation and to gain control of
the processor for guest system execution. Without this kernel module, you can still use the VirtualBox manager to
configure virtual machines, but they will not start. In addition, there are the network kernel modules vboxnetflt and
vboxnetadp which are required for the more advanced networking features of VirtualBox.

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The VirtualBox kernel module is automatically installed on your system when you install VirtualBox. To
maintain it with future kernel updates, for those Linux distributions which provide it -- most current ones -- we
recommend installing Dynamic Kernel Module Support (DKMS). This framework helps with building and upgrading
kernel modules.
If DKMS is not already installed, execute one of the following:

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On an Ubuntu system:
sudo apt-get install dkms
If DKMS is available and installed, the VirtualBox kernel module should always work automatically, and it will be
automatically rebuilt if your host kernel is updated.
Otherwise, there are only two situations in which you will need to worry about the kernel module:

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1. The original installation fails. This probably means that your Linux system is not prepared for building
external kernel modules.


41 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Most Linux distributions can be set up simply by installing the right packages - normally, these will be the
GNU compiler (GCC), GNU Make (make) and packages containing header files for your kernel - and making
sure that all system updates are installed and that the system is running the most up-to-date kernel included
in the distribution. The version numbers of the header file packages must be the same as that of the kernel

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you are using.
? With Debian and Ubuntu releases, you must install the right version of the linux-headers and if it exists
the linux-kbuild package. Current Ubuntu releases should have the right packages installed by default.
? In even older Debian and Ubuntu releases, you must install the right version of the kernel-headers
package.

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? On Fedora and Redhat systems, the package is kernel-devel.
? On SUSE and openSUSE Linux, you must install the right versions of the kernel-source and kernel-syms
packages.
? If you have built your own kernel, you will need to make sure that you also installed all the required
header and other files for building external modules to the right locations. The details of how to do

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this will depend on how you built your kernel, and if you are unsure you should consult the
documentation which you followed to do so.
2. The kernel of your Linux host was updated and DKMS is not installed. In that case, the kernel module will
need to be reinstalled by executing (as root):
rcvboxdrv setup

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Performing the installation
VirtualBox is available in a number of package formats native to various common Linux distributions. In addition,
there is an alternative generic installer (.run) which should work on most Linux distributions.
Installing VirtualBox from a Debian/Ubuntu package
First, download the appropriate package for your distribution. The following examples assume that you are installing

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to a 32-bit Ubuntu Wily system. Use dpkg to install the Debian package:
sudodpkg -i virtualbox-5.0_5.0.20_Ubuntu_wily_i386.deb
The installer will also try to build kernel modules suitable for the current running kernel. If the build process is not
successful you will be shown a warning and the package will be left unconfigured. Please have a look at /var/log/vbox-
install.log to find out why the compilation failed. You may have to install the appropriate Linux kernel After correcting

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any problems, do


42 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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sudorcvboxdrv setup
This will start a second attempt to build the module.
If a suitable kernel module was found in the package or the module was successfully built, the installation script will
attempt to load that module.
Once VirtualBox has been successfully installed and configured, you can start it by selecting "VirtualBox" in your

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start menu or from the command line.
Using the alternative installer (VirtualBox.run)
The alternative installer performs the following steps:
? It unpacks the application files to the target directory,
/opt/VirtualBox/

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which cannot be changed.
? It builds the VirtualBox kernel modules (vboxdrv, vboxnetflt and vboxnetadp) and installs them.
? It creates /sbin/rcvboxdrv, an init script to start the VirtualBox kernel module.
? It creates a new system group called vboxusers.
? It creates symbolic links in /usr/bin to the a shell script (/opt/VirtualBox/VBox) which does some sanity checks

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and dispatches to the actual executables, VirtualBox, VBoxSDL, VBoxVRDP, VBoxHeadless and VBoxManage
? It creates /etc/udev/rules.d/60-vboxdrv.rules, a description file for udev, if that is present, which makes the USB
devices accessible to all users in the vboxusers group.
? It writes the installation directory to /etc/vbox/vbox.cfg.
The installer must be executed as root with either install or uninstall as the first parameter.

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sudo ./VirtualBox.run install
Or if you do not have the "sudo" command available, run the following as root instead:
./VirtualBox.run install

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43 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

After that you need to put every user which should be able to access USB devices from VirtualBox guests in the
group vboxusers, either through the GUI user management tools or by running the following command as root:
sudousermod -a -G vboxusers username

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Performing a manual installation
If, for any reason, you cannot use the shell script installer described previously, you can also perform a manual
installation. Invoke the installer like this:
./VirtualBox.run --keep --noexec
This will unpack all the files needed for installation in the directory install under the current directory. The VirtualBox

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application files are contained in VirtualBox.tar.bz2 which you can unpack to any directory on your system. For
example:
sudomkdir /opt/VirtualBox
sudo tar jxf ./install/VirtualBox.tar.bz2 -C /opt/VirtualBox
or as root:

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mkdir /opt/VirtualBox
tarjxf ./install/VirtualBox.tar.bz2 -C /opt/VirtualBox
The sources for VirtualBox's kernel module are provided in the src directory. To build the module, change to the
directory and issuemake
If everything builds correctly, issue the following command to install the module to the appropriate module directory:

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sudo make install
In case you do not have sudo, switch the user account to root and performmake install
The VirtualBox kernel module needs a device node to operate. The above make command will tell you how to create
the device node, depending on your Linux system. The procedure is slightly different for a classical Linux setup with
a /dev directory, a system with the now deprecated devfs and a modern Linux system with udev.

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Note that the /dev/vboxdrv kernel module device node must be owned by root:root and must be read/writable only for
the user.Next, you will have to install the system initialization script for the kernel module:
cp /opt/VirtualBox/vboxdrv.sh /sbin/rcvboxdrv
mkdir /etc/vbox
echo INSTALL_DIR=/opt/VirtualBox> /etc/vbox/vbox.cfg

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44 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

and, for convenience, create the following symbolic links:

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ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VirtualBox
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxManage
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxHeadless
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxSDL

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Sample Output:

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Result:
Thus the program to attach virtual block to virtual machine was successfully executed & checked whether it holds the
data after the release of the virtual machine.

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45 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find a procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual
machine and check whether it holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
Application:
? To support the Cloud Computing with the Virtual Block Store System. The fast development of cloud

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computing systems stimulates the needs for a standalone block storage system to provide persistent
block storage services to virtual machines maintained by clouds.

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1. What is Type-1 and Type-2 hypervisor?
2. What is the use of virsh command?
3. Explain how you can transfer volume from one owner to another in Open Stack?
4. Discuss about KVM Features?
5. What is Virtual block?

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6. What is Virtualization?
7. What are virtual clusters?
8. How virtualization happens in data center?
9. List some of the open source grid middleware packages.
10. What is a programming model?

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11. What is Hadoop?
12. What are map and reduce functions?
13. How to run a job in hadoop?
14. What is HDFS?
15. What are the open source grid middleware packages?

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16. What is peer to peer computing?
17. What are node clusters?
18. How virtual migration happens in data center?
Viva-voce

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46 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No.03: INSTALL A C COMPILER IN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE AND
EXECUTE A SAMPLE PROGRAM.

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Aim:
To Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Create a VM and Install any OS on it.
2.Install a C compiler on OS
3.Open a Editor and type the sample program and Save.

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4.Compile and run the Program
Example:
C programming on Linux based Environement

1. Open Terminal (Applications-Accessories-Terminal)

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2. Open gedit by typing ?gedit&? on terminal(You can also use any other Text Editor application)
3. Type the following on gedit
(or any other text editor)
#include
main()

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{
printf("Hello World\n");
}
Save this file as
?helloworld. C?

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5. Type ?ls? on Terminal to see all files under current folder
6. Confirm that ?helloworld.c? is in the current directory.
If not, type cd DIRECTORY_PATH to go to the
directory that has ?helloworld.c?
7. Type ?gcchelloworld.c? to compile, and type ?ls? to

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confirm that a new executable file ?a.out? is created
8. Type ?./a.out? on Terminal to run the program

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47 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to install a C complier is done and the sample program was executed successfully.


48 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and

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execute a sample program
Application:
The application of installing a C compiler in the virtual machine benefits to have a portable executable, for
each platform.

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1. What is the difference between Xen & KVM ?
2. What are different hypervisors available in Linux ?
3. Which command is used to list all virtual machine running on the KVM hypervisor ?
4. What are the different states of a VM in Xen hypervisor ?
5. How to forcefully shutdown the KVM based virtual machine from the command line ?

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6. What is virtual Machine?
7. What is Compiler?
8. What is Directory?
9. List the C Compilers available?
10. What is virtualization?

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11. List out VM operations
12. What are different hypervisors available in windows?
13. How to implement applications on the cloud to install C compiler?
14. What are grid and cloud tools available?
15. What is hypervisor?

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Viva-voce


49 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No.04: SHOW THE VIRTUAL MACHINE MIGRATION BASED ON
THE CERTAIN CONDITION FROM ONE NODE TO THE OTHER.

Aim:
To Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
1.Update source and target virtual machines to latest package versions
To help ensure that platform images between cloud providers are running the same version of key operating system
packages, update these packages to the latest versions on both source and target virtual machines.

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sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
2. Install rsync and screen packages on source and target virtual machines
The migration of application packages and files in this process will use rsync over ssh between source and target
virtual machines. The actual transfer of files between virtual machines can take some time, so I also recommend

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using screen so that you can easily re-attach to an in-progress migration session if you are inadvertently
disconnected.
Ensure that rsync and screen packages are installed on both the source and target virtual machines with these
commands:
sudo apt-get install rsync

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sudo apt-get install screen
3. Add a consistent user account to both source and target virtual machines
To facilitate the migration process, ensure that you have a consistent user account configured on both source and
target virtual machines with sudo enabled. The newly provisioned target virtual machines from Task 3 already

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50 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

include a user named azureuser with sudo enabled. To configure this same user on each source virtual machine,
use the following commands:

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sudogroupadd -g 500 azureuser
sudouseradd -u 500 -g 500 -m -s /bin/bash azureuser
sudopasswdazureuser
4. Start a screen session for the migration
On the source virtual machine, enter a new screen session for the migration by using the following command:

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sudo screen -S AzureMigration
If you are disconnected from the source virtual machine during the migration process, you can reconnect to the
detached screen session by using the following command after signing in again to the source virtual machine:
sudo screen -r
5. Build an exclusion list of directories and files

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During the migration, we want to be careful to skip any files that include configuration information relating to the
identity of the source virtual machines, such as IP addresses, hostnames, ssh keys, etc. For the Ubuntu-based
virtual machines that we migrated, we used the following commands on each source virtual machine to build our
list of directories and files to exclude from the migration process:
EXCLUDEFILE=/tmp/exclude.file

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EXCLUDELIST='/boot /etc/fstab /etc/hostname /etc/issue /etc/hosts
/etc/sudoers /etc/networks /etc/network/* /etc/resolv.conf
/etc/ssh/* /etc/sysctl.conf /etc/mtab /etc/udev/rules.d/*
/lock /net /tmp'
EXCLUDEPATH=$(echo $EXCLUDELIST | sed 's/\ /\\n/g')

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echo -e $EXCLUDEPATH > $EXCLUDEFILE
find / -name '*cloud-init*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE
find / -name '*cloud-config*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE
find / -name '*cloud-final*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE

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The actual list of directories and files that you exclude may vary from this list, based on the Linux distro version,
packages and applications that you are migrating.

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Credits: Kudos to Kevin Carter who wrote a great article a couple years ago that provided a useful starting point for
building a list of directories and files to consider excluding as part of a Linux-to-Linux migration process!
6. Stop applications during migration
To minimize application data changes from occurring during the migration process, stop the related applications and
daemons on the source virtual machines. The application that we migrated was a web application built using

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Apache2, so we simply stopped the related Apache2 daemon.
sudo service stop apache2
7. Migrate the application files and data
From each source virtual machine, migrate application files and data using two rsync passes over ssh. The first
pass performs the bulk of the data transfer, whereas the second pass uses checksums to confirm that all files were

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transferred successfully.
TARGETVM="insert_target_vm_public_ip_address"
rsync -e "ssh" -rlpEAXogDtSzh -P -x ?exclude-from="$EXCLUDEFILE" ?rsync-path="sudorsync" ?
verbose ?progress / azureuser@$TARGETVM:/
rsync -e "ssh" -crlpEAXogDtSzh -P -x ?exclude-from="$EXCLUDEFILE" ?rsync-path="sudorsync" ?

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verbose ?progress / azureuser@$TARGETVM:/
8. Restart each target virtual machine
After both rsync passes have completed, restart each target virtual machine to complete the migration
process.
sshazureuser@$TARGETVM

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shutdown -r now



52 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to implement migration of virtual machine was executed successfully.

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53 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to Show the virtual machine migration based on the
certain condition from one node to the other
Application:
? Its easier to migrate a Virtual Machine from one server to another, than migrating the operating

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system and application(s) individually.
? Using Virtual Machine Migration, its possible to migrate operating systems and applications from
older servers to newer servers easily and without disrupting the services.

1. What are the basic requirements of VM live migration in KVM?

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2. Which command is used in KVM for VMs live migration?
3. How to get hardware information of KVM guest machine?
4. What is VM migration?
5. Which type of virtualization is also characteristic of cloud computing ?
6. Which virtualization standard does the WebSphere Application Server Hypervisor Edition use?

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7.Which three tools are included in the IBM Rational Jazz Collaborative Application Lifecycle
Management (C/ALM) solution?
8. What are two ways a public cloud helps customers reduce their IT costs?
9.What functionality is provided by the IBM Security Network Intrusion Prevention System Virtual
Appliance for a cloud environment?

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10. What are two important benefits of using cloud computing?
11. What is the value of IBM Security Information and Event Manager in a cloud provider environment?
12. What is the main purpose of an IBM CloudBurst solution?
Viva-voce
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

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0 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

College o f Engineering

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?



DEPARTMENT OF

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COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
VII SEMESTER - R 2013

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Name : ______________________________________
Reg. No. : ______________________________________
Section : ______________________________________

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LABORATORY MANUAL


1 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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DHANALAKSHMI


is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and enterprising
professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and training.

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? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic Excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart and

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soul

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

To strive for acquiring, applying and imparting knowledge in Computer Science and Engineering through quality

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education and to provide enthusiastic professionals with commitment


? To produce highly competent and globally employable engineers in the field of Computer Science and
Engineering

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? To inculcate human values among the student community and make them realize their commitment to the society
? To exhibit excellence in pursuit of research and innovative products with a zeal to serve the society


VISION

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VISION
MISSION
MISSION

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2 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)
1. Fundamentals
To provide students with a solid foundation in Mathematics, Science and fundamentals of engineering, enabling

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them to apply, to find solutions for engineering problems and use this knowledge to acquire higher education
2. Core Competence
To train the students in Computer science and engineering technologies so that they apply their knowledge and
training to compare, and to analyze various engineering industrial problems to find solutions
3. Breadth

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To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice this enables them to
find solutions for the real time problems in industry, and to design products
4. Professionalism
To inculcate professional and effective communication skills, leadership qualities and team spirit in the students
to make them multi-faceted personalities and develop their ability to relate engineering issues to broader social

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context
5. Lifelong Learning/Ethics
To demonstrate and practice ethical and professional responsibilities in the industry and society in the large,
through commitment and lifelong learning needed for successful professional career

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4

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PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)
a) To demonstrate and apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Electronics and Communication Engineering field
b) To design a component, a system or a process to meet the specific needs within the realistic constraints
such as economics, environment, ethics, health, safety and manufacturability

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c) To demonstrate the competency to use software tools for computation, simulation and testing of electronics and
communication engineering circuits
d) To identify, formulate and solve electronic and communication engineering problems
e) To demonstrate an ability to visualize and work on laboratory and multidisciplinary tasks
f) To function as a member or a leader in multidisciplinary activities

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g) To communicate in verbal and written form with fellow engineers and society at large
h) To understand the impact of Electronics and Communication Engineering in the society and demonstrate awareness
of contemporary issues and commitment to give solutions exhibiting social responsibility
i) To demonstrate professional & ethical responsibilities
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning

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k) To participate and succeed in competitive exams

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5 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

SYLLABUS

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Learn the working of ARM processor
Understand the Building Blocks of Embedded Systems
Learn the concept of memory map and memory interface
Know the characteristics of Real Time Systems
Write programs to interface memory, I/Os with processor

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Study the interrupt performance
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
GRID COMPUTING LAB
Use Globus Toolkit or equivalent and do the following:
1. Develop a new Web Service for Calculator.

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2. Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service.
3. Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service.
4. Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs
5. Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus Toolkit.
6. Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it with and without

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GRAM concept.

CLOUD COMPUTING LAB
Use Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent to set up the cloud and demonstrate.
1. Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines

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COURSE OBJECTIVES


6 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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can be utilized at particular time.
2. Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even
after the release of the virtual machine.
3. Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program.
4. Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other.

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5. Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it.
6. Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster.
7. Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE.
8. Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it.
9. Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits.

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid.
? Design and Implement applications on the Cloud.
? Design network objects by applying the networking concepts.
? Create virtualization concept.
? Design web based applications.

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? Apply cloud tools for resource allocation.
? Apply grid tools for network translation.
? Design private cloud using open stack.
COURSE OUTCOMES

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7


CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
CONTENTS

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Sl. No. Name of the Experiment Page No.
CYCLE 1 ? EXPERIMENTS ( GRID COMPUTING)
1
Develop a new Web Service for Calculator 7
2

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Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service 16
3
Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service 19
4
Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs 22

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5
Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus
Toolkit
25
6

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Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it
with and without GRAM concept
27
CYCLE 2 ? EXPERIMENTS (CLOUD COMPUTING)
1

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Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how
many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
34
2
Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it

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holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
36
3 Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program 39
4
Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to

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the other
42
5 Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it 45
6 Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster 47
7 Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE

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ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS
1 Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it 52
2 Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks 55

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8 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO GRID COMPUTING


GRID TECHNOLOGY

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? Flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and
resource
? Grid architecture
? Defined using services and protocols
? Using the ?sand hourglass? model similar to the TCP/IP protocol stack

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"A computational grid is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides dependable, consistent, pervasive and
inexpensive access to high-end computational capabilities."
Grid computing makes it possible to dynamically share and coordinate dispersed, heterogeneous computing
resources. Flexibility and ubiquity are essential characteristics of Web services technologies such as WSDL (Web

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Services Description Language), SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), and UDDI (Universal Description,
Discovery, and Integration).
The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) combines technologies to unlock and exploit grid-attached resources.
OGSA defines mechanisms to create, manage, and exchange information between Grid Services, a special type of
Web service. The architecture uses WSDL extensively to describe the structure and behavior of a service. Service

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descriptions are located and discovered using Web Services Inspection Language (WSIL). By combining elements
from grid computing and Web services technologies, OGSA establishes an extensible and interoperable design and
development framework for Grid Services that includes details for service definition, discovery, and life-cycle
management.

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9 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


GLOBUS TOOLKIT

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The Globus Toolkit provides software tools to make it easier to build computational grids and grid-based
applications. The Globus Toolkit is both an open architecture and open source toolkit.

? The Globus Toolkit is a product of the Globus Alliance (http://www.globus.org)

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? It is middleware for developing grids
? The current release is 6.0.
? Four key protocols and APIs
? Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI)
? Grid Resource Allocation & Mgmt (GRAM)

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? Grid Resource Information Protocol (GRIP) and Index Information Protocol (GIIP)
? Grid File Transfer Protocol (GridFTP)
? Implementations on many platforms
? Resources, security systems, data models,
? Various collective layer protocols & tools

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? Info services, replica management, etc.
? A basis for many Grid-enabled tools & apps
FTP, SSH, Condor, SRB, MPI, EDG, GridPort,
GLOBUS TOOLKIT? COMPONENTS
? Security

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? GSI ? Grid Security Infrastructure
? Resource Management
? GRAM ? Grid Resource Allocation Manager
o globusrun
o RSL

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o gatekeeper
o job manager
o DUROC ? Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator
? Information Services
? MDS ? Monitoring and Discovery Service

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10 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

o GRIS ? Grid Resource Information Service

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o GIIS ? Grid Index Information Service
o MDS Client
? Data Management
o GridFTP, GASS
The Globus Toolkit latest version 6.0 includes:

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GSI: security
GridFTP: file transfer
GRAM: job execution/resource management
MyProxy: credential repository/certificate authority
GSI-OpenSSH: GSI secure single sign-on remote shell

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11 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

GLOBUS TOOLKIT INSTALLATION PROCEDURE

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Step1: For installing Globus Toolkit nothing more easy than download the latest package:
http://toolkit.globus.org/ftppub/gt6/installers/repo/globus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
sudodpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Step2: Update the repositories: sudo apt-get update
Step3: To install Debian or Ubuntu package, download the globus-toolkit-repo package

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from the link above and install it with the command:
root@sysa63:/home/#dpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Do the following for Debian-based systems:
root@sysa63:/home/#apt-get install globus-data-management-client

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12 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 01: DEVELOP A NEW WEB SERVICE FOR CALCULATOR

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Aim:
Develop a Web Service for new Calculator
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Our first web service is an extremely simple Math Web Service, which we'll refer to asMathService. It will
2. allow users to perform the following operations:
a. Addition

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b. Subtraction
3. Furthermore, MathService will have the following resource properties (RPs for short):
a. Value (integer)
b. Last operation performed (string)
4. We will also add a "Get Value" operation to access the Value RP. Once a new resource is created, the

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"value" RP is initialized to zero, and the "last operation" RP is initialized to "NONE". The parameter is
added/subtracted to the "value" RP, and the "last operation" RP is changed to "ADDITION" or
"SUBTRACTION" accordingly. Also, the addition and subtraction operations don't return anything.
5. Writing and deploying a WSRF Web Service is easier than you might think. You just have to follow five
simple steps.

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6. Define the service's interface. This is done with WSDL
7. Implement the service. This is done with Java.
8. Define the deployment parameters. This is done with WSDD and JNDI
9. Compile everything and generate a GAR file. This is done with Ant
10. Deploy service. This is also done with a GT4 tool

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Sample Code:

_instance"
xmlns ="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"

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xmlns:tns="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/examples/core/MathService_instance"
xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsrp="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-
ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.xsd" xmlns:wsrpw="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-

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13 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.wsdl"
xmlns:wsdlpp="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/2004/10/WSDLPreprocessor"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">

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Result:
Thus the program for developing web service for new calculator was successfully executed.

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14 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid by using Web Service for new Calculator
Applications:

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To make a calculator in Windows application using web service


1) What is Web Service?
2) What are the advantages of web services?

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3) What are the different types of web services?
4) What is SOAP?
5) What are the advantages of SOAP web services?
6) What are the disadvantages of SOAP web services?
7) What is WSDL?

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8) What is UDDI?
9) What are RESTful web services?
10) What are the advantages of RESTful web services?
11) What is the difference between SOAP and REST web services?
12) What is SOA service architecture?

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13) What tools are used to deploy web services?
14) What is Web Service architecture?
15) What are the advantages of web services in globus toolkit?
16) What are the different types of web services?
17) What is SOAP web services?

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18) What is UDP and TCP?
19) What is stateless SOA?
20) What is data balancing in WSDL?
Viva-voce

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15 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 02: DEVELOP NEW OGSA-COMPLIANT WEB SERVICE

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Aim:
To develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid Service using .NET language.
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

1. Developed by the Global Grid Forum
2. Aims to define a common, standard, open architecture for Grid Applications.

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3. Defines a set of rules that make up a grid service.
4. Sharing and Coordinated use of diverse resources in Dynamic VO's

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Result:
Thus the program for developing OGSA- Complaint web service was successfully executed.


16 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid

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Service using .NET language
Applications:
? Sharing of information among diverse components of large heterogenous grid systems
? WAN

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1. How would you decide what style of Web Service to use? SOAP WS or REST?
2. Does the service expose data or business logic?
3. Do consumers and the service providers require a formal contract?

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4. Do we need to support multiple data formats?
5. Do we need to make AJAX calls?
6. Is the call synchronous or asynchronous?
7. What level of security is required?
8. What level of transaction support is required?

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9. Do we have limited band width?
10. What tools do you use to test your Web Services?
11. What is the difference between SOA and a Web service?
12. What is a microservice architecture (aka MSA)?
13. What is data integrity?

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14. What is cloud infrastructure?


Viva-voce

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17 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 03: USING APACHE AXIS DEVELOP A GRID SERVICE

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Aim:
To develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Creating the New Level in the Package
2. Edit the Configuration Files
3. Modify the Service Code

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4. Modify the Client
5. Compile and Deploy
6. Starting the Container
7. Compile the Client
8. Run the Client

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18 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:
Addition was successful
Subtraction was successful
Multiplication was successful

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Division was successful
Current value: 20.

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Result:
Thus the program for Grid Service using Apache Axis was successfully executed.

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19 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Applications:
? To create web service in Java
? To work with Globus Tool kit standards web service

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1. What are the different application integration styles?
2. What is Grid Computing?
3. What is QOS?

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4. What are the derivatives of grid computing?
5. What are the features of data grids?
6. What is load balancing?
7. What is grid infrastructure?
8. Define ? Distributed Computing.

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9. Define ? OSGI.
10. Define ? OSGA.
11. What is the use of API?s in cloud services?
12. What is the difference between cloud and grid?
13. What is data communication?

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14. What are the elements of data communication?

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Viva-voce


20 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 04: DEVELOP APPLICATIONS USING JAVA OR C/C++ GRID
APIS
Aim:
To develop an application in Java using Grid APIs

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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1. Import all the necessary java packages and name the file as GridLayoutDemo.java
2. Set up components to preferred size
3. Add buttons to experiment with Grid Layout
4. Add controls to set up horizontal and vertical gaps
5. Process the Apply gaps button press

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6. Create the GUI
7. Create and set up the window,Set up the content pane and Display the Window
8. Schedule a job for the event dispatch thread
9. Show the application's GUI

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21 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:

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Figure 1: Horizontal, Left-to-Right Figure 2: Horizontal, Right-to-Left

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Result:
Thus the program to develop an application in java using Grid APIs was successfully executed.

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22 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Applications:
Used for defining a application programme interface for common distributes computing functionality

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1) Describe the two most important advantages of using Distributed/Grid Computing.
2) What is the main function of DNS?
3) Briefly outline two applications of Public Key systems.
4) Provide one major difference between synchronous and asynchronous communication.

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5) Provide one major difference between ASCII and Unicode encodings.
6) Provide two major differences between sequential computing and parallel computing.
7) Write the any three Grid Applications.
8) Give the examples of Hardware service provider.
9) Give the example of software application ASP.

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10) What are grid portals? Give example.
11) What are the high level services including in existing globus tool kit?
12) Name the components available in Nimrod architecture?
13) What are the major objectives of Euro grid project?
14) What is the application specific work packages identified for the Euro grid?

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15) Define dynamic accounting system.

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Viva-voce


23 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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EX.NO. 05: DEVELOP SECURED APPLICATIONS USING BASIC
SECURITY MECHANISMS AVAILABLE IN GLOBUS TOOLKIT.
Aim:
To develop a secured applications using a basic security mechanisms available in Globus toolkit
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
The Globus Toolkit incorporates multiple security components that establish the identity of users or services

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(authentication), protect communications, and determine who is allowed to perform what actions (authorization), as
well as manage user credentials.
? GSI C: The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and
certificate management.
? MyProxy: MyProxy is open source software for managing X.509 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) security

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credentials (certificates and private keys).
? GSI-OpenSSH: GSI-OpenSSH is a modified version of OpenSSH that adds support for X.509 proxy
certificate authentication and delegation, providing a single sign-on remote login and file transfer service.
The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and certificate
management. The authentication API is built using Public KeyInfrastructure (PKI) technologies, e.g. X.509

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Certificates and TLS. In addition to authentication it features a delegation mechanism based upon X.509 Proxy
Certificates. Authorization support takes the form of a couple of APIs. The first provides a generic authorization API
that allows callouts to perform access control based on the client's credentials (i.e. the X.509 certificate chain). The
second provides a simple access control list that maps authorized remote entities to local (system) user names. The
second mechanism also provides callouts that allow third parties to override the default behavior and is currently

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used in the Gatekeeper and GridFTP servers. In addition to the above there are various lower level APIs and tools
for managing, discovering and querying certificates.
Components for Grid Security
1. Basic Security Mechanisms
2. Components for Credential Generation

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3. Components for Credential Management


24 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Beyond verifying the identities of users and services, basic Grid security mechanisms leave access control decisions
to services. The Grid community has developed authorization and access control tools for storing and providing
access to system-wide authorization information and for creating a central data store for supporting decentralized
control mechanisms.
Basic Security Mechanisms

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? Pre-Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A non-Web services implementation of the Grid
Security Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI
mechanisms
? Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A Web services implementation of the Grid Security
Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI mechanisms

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Result:
Thus the program to develop a security application available in Globus toolkit was successfully executed.
Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a secured applications using a basic security
mechanisms available in Globus toolkit

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25 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Applications:
To provide easy acces to best breed open source network security

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1. What are the collective services available in grid computing?
2. What are the basic principles of autonomous computing?
3. What are the four essential characteristics of on demand business?
4. What are the essential capabilities provided by on demand business?

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5. What are the two most important technologies for building semantic webs?
6. Define Peer to Peer computing?
7. What is the combination of Globus GT3 toolkit?
8. What is a GT3 core?
9. What are the components available in service model?

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10. Define WS-Trust
11. Define WS ?Federation
12. Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
13. Who are the actors in CDC?
14. Mention the scenarios in CDC?

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15. What are the functional requirements of CDC on OGSA?

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Viva-voce


26 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 06: DEVELOP A GRID PORTAL, WHERE USER CAN SUBMIT
A JOB AND GET THE RESULT, IMPLEMENT IT WITH AND WITHOUT
GRAM CONCEPT.
Aim:
To develop a Grid portal and implement it with and without GRAM concept

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
Multiple times that the likely user interface to grid applications will be through portals, specifically Web portals. A grid
portal may be constructed as a Web page interface to provide easy access to grid applications. The Web user
interface provides user authentication, job submission, job monitoring, and results of the job.
Globus Resource Allocation Manager (GRAM)

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When a job is submitted by a client, the request is sent to the remote host and handled by a gatekeeper daemon.
The gatekeeper creates a job manager to start and monitor the job. When the job is finished, the job manager
sends the status information back to the client and terminates.
The GRAM subsystem consists of the following elements:
? The globusrun command and associated APIs Resource Specification Language (RSL)

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? The gatekeeper daemon The job manager Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator (DUROC)
Each of these elements are described briefly below.
The globusrun command
The globusrun command (or its equivalent API) submits a job to a resource within the grid. This command
is typically passed an RSL string (see below) that specifies parameters and other properties required to successfully

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launch and run the job


27 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Resource Specification Language (RSL)
RSL is a language used by clients to specify the job to be run. All job submission requests are described in an RSL
string that includes information such as the executable file; its parameters; information about redirection of stdin,
stdout, and stderr; and so on. Basically it provides a standard way of specifying all of the information required to
execute a job, independent of the target environment. It is then the responsibility of the job manager on the target

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system to parse the information and launch the job in the appropriate way.
The syntax of RSL is very straightforward. Each statement is enclosed within parenthesis. Comments are
designated with parenthesis and asterisks, for example, (* this is a comment *). Supported attributes include the
following:
rsl_substitution: Defines variables

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executable: The script or command to be run
arguments: Information or flags to be passed to the executable
stdin: Specifies the remote URL and local file used for the executable stdout: Specifies the remote file to place
standard output from the job stderr: Specifies the remote file to place standard error from the job queue: Specifies the
queue to submit the job (requires a scheduler) count: Specifies the number of executions

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directory: Specifies the directory to run the job
project: Specifies a project account for the job (requires a scheduler) dryRun: Verifies the RSL string but
does not run the job
maxMemory: Specifies the maximum amount of memory in MBs required for the job
minMemory: Specifies the minimum amount of memory in MBs required for the job

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hostCount: Specifies the number of nodes in a cluster required for the job environment: Specifies environment
variables that are required for the job
jobType: Specifies the type of job single process, multi-process, mpi, or condor
maxTime: Specifies the maximum execution wall or cpu time for one execution
maxWallTime: Specifies the maximum walltime for one execution maxCpuTime: Specifies the maximum

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cpu time for one execution
gramMyjob: Specifies the whether the gram myjob interface starts one process/thread (independent) or more
(collective)

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Result:
Thus the program to develop Grid Portal was successfully executed.

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29 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid portal and implement it with and
without GRAM concept
Application:
? It is useful and necessary for interfaces for the performance of operations on the Grid. The Grid

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Portal Development Kit (GPDK) facilitates the development of Grid portals and provides several key
reusable components for accessing various Grid services.
? A Grid Portal provides a customizable interface allowing scientists to perform a variety of Grid
operations including remote program submission, file staging, and querying of information services
from a single, secure gateway.

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? The Grid Portal Development Kit leverages off existing Globus/Grid middleware infrastructure as
well as commodity web technology including Java Server Pages and servlets .

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1) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?
2) What are the major goals of OGSA?
3) What are the more specific goals of OGSA?
4) What are the main purposes of use case defined by OGSA?
5) Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?

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6) What are the layers available in OGSA architectural organizations?
7) What are the OGSA basic services?
8) What are the two aspects involved in GRAM?
9) What are the two kinds of lifecycle model associated with state data recovery?
10) What is a GT3 core?

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11) What are the major components of default server side framework?
12) What is Grid container?
13) What are the two levels of security available in GT3?
14) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?
15) What are the two different message-level authentication mechanisms provided by GT3 framework?

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16) What are the most common GT3 security handlers?
Viva-voce


30 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO CLOUD COMPUTING

What is cloud computing?
Cloud computing means that instead of all the computer hardware and software you're using sitting on your

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desktop, or somewhere inside your company's network, it's provided for you as a service by another company and
accessed over the Internet, usually in a completely seamless way. Exactly where the hardware and software is
located and how it all works doesn't matter to you, the user?it's just somewhere up in the nebulous "cloud" that the
Internet represents.
Cloud computing is a buzzword that means different things to different people. For some, it's just another way of

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describing IT (information technology) "outsourcing"; others use it to mean any computing service provided over the
Internet or a similar network; and some define it as any bought-in computer service you use that sits outside your
firewall.
Types of cloud computing
IT people talk about three different kinds of cloud computing, where different services are being provided for you.

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Note that there's a certain amount of vagueness about how these things are defined and some overlap between
them.
? Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) means you're buying access to raw computing hardware over the Net,
such as servers or storage. Since you buy what you need and pay-as-you-go, this is often referred to as
utility computing. Ordinary web hosting is a simple example of IaaS: you pay a monthly subscription or a

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per-megabyte/gigabyte fee to have a hosting company serve up files for your website from their servers.
? Software as a Service (SaaS) means you use a complete application running on someone else's system.
Web-based email and Google Documents are perhaps the best-known examples. Zoho is another well-
known SaaS provider offering a variety of office applications online.
? Platform as a Service (PaaS) means you develop applications using Web-based tools so they run on

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systems software and hardware provided by another company. So, for example, you might develop your
own ecommerce website but have the whole thing, including the shopping cart, checkout, and payment
mechanism running on a merchant's server. App Cloud (from salesforce.com) and the Google App Engine
are examples of PaaS.
Advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing

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Advantages
The pros of cloud computing are obvious and compelling. If your business is selling books or repairing shoes,
why get involved in the nitty gritty of buying and maintaining a complex computer system? If you run an insurance
office, do you really want your sales agents wasting time running anti-virus software, upgrading word-processors, or
worrying about hard-drive crashes? Do you really want them cluttering your expensive computers with their personal

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31 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

emails, illegally shared MP3 files, and naughty YouTube videos?when you could leave that responsibility to

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someone else? Cloud computing allows you to buy in only the services you want, when you want them, cutting the
upfront capital costs of computers and peripherals. You avoid equipment going out of date and other familiar IT
problems like ensuring system security and reliability. You can add extra services (or take them away) at a moment's
notice as your business needs change. It's really quick and easy to add new applications or services to your
business without waiting weeks or months for the new computer (and its software) to arrive.

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Drawbacks
Instant convenience comes at a price. Instead of purchasing computers and software, cloud computing means you
buy services, so one-off, upfront capital costs become ongoing operating costs instead. That might work out much
more expensive in the long-term.
If you're using software as a service (for example, writing a report using an online word processor or sending emails

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through webmail), you need a reliable, high-speed, broadband Internet connection functioning the whole time you're
working. That's something we take for granted in countries such as the United States, but it's much more of an issue
in developing countries or rural areas where broadband is unavailable.
An Introduction to Cloud Computing with OpenNebula
An OpenNebula Private Cloud provides infrastructure users with an elastic platform for fast delivery and scalability of

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services to meet dynamic demands of service end-users. Services are hosted in VMs, and then submitted,
monitored and controlled in the Cloud by using Sunstone or any of the OpenNebula interfaces:
? Command Line Interface (CLI)
? XML-RPC API
? OpenNebulaRuby and Java Cloud APIs

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The aim of a Private Cloud is not to expose to the world a cloud interface to sell capacity over the Internet, but to
provide local cloud users and administrators with a flexible and agile private infrastructure to run virtualized service
workloads within the administrative domain. OpenNebula virtual infrastructure interfaces expose user and
administrator functionality for virtualization, networking, image and physical resource configuration, management,
monitoring and accounting.

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32 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


Expt.No.1: FIND PROCEDURE TO RUN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE OF

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DIFFERENT CONFIGURATION. CHECK HOW MANY VIRTUAL
MACHINES CAN BE UTILIZED AT PARTICULAR TIME.

Aim:
To Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be

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utilized at particular time
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:

Creating Virtual Machines
In OpenNebula the Virtual Machines are defined with Template files. The Template Repository system allows
OpenNebula administrators and users to register Virtual Machine definitions in the system, to be instantiated later as

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Virtual Machine instances. These Templates can be instantiated several times, and also shared with other users.
Virtual Machine Model
A Virtual Machine within the OpenNebula system consists of:
? A capacity in terms memory and CPU
? A set of NICs attached to one or more virtual networks

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? A set of disk images
? A state file (optional) or recovery file, that contains the memory image of a running VM plus some hypervisor
specific information.
The above items, plus some additional VM attributes like the OS kernel and context information to be used inside the
VM, are specified in a template file.

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Defining a VM in 3 Steps
Virtual Machines are defined in an OpenNebula Template. Templates are stored in a repository to easily browse and
instantiate VMs from them. To create a new Template you have to define 3 things

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33 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

? Capacity & Name, how big will the VM be?
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
NAME Name that the VM will get for description purposes. Yes one-

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MEMORY Amount of RAM required for the VM, in Megabytes. Yes
CPU CPU ratio (e..g half a physical CPU is 0.5). Yes
VCPU Number of virtual cpus. No 1
Disks. Each disk is defined with a DISK attribute. A VM can use three types of disk:
? Use a persistent Image changes to the disk image will persist after the VM is shutdown.

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? Use a non-persistent Image images are cloned, changes to the image will be lost.
? Volatile disks are created on the fly on the target host. After the VM is shutdown the disk is disposed.

Persistent and Clone Disks
Attribute Description Mandatory Default

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IMAGE_ID and IMAGE The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes
IMAGE_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No self
IMAGE_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No self
Volatile
Attribute Description Mandatory Default

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TYPE
Type of the disk: swap, fs. swap type will set the label to swap so it is
easier to mount and the context packages will automatically mount it.
Yes
SIZE size in MB Yes

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FORMAT
filesystem for fs images: ext2, ext3, etc. raw will not format the image. For
VMs to run on vmfs or vmwareshared configurations, the valid values are:
Yes

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34 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Attribute Description Mandatory Default
vmdk_thin, vmdk_zeroedthick, vmdk_eagerzeroedthick

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Network Interfaces. Each network interface of a VM is defined with the NIC attribute.
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
NETWORK_ID and NETWORK The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes
NETWORK_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No Self

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NETWORK_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No Self

The following example shows a VM Template file with a couple of disks and a network interface, also a VNC section
was added.
NAME = test-vm

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MEMORY = 128
CPU = 1

DISK = [ IMAGE = "Arch Linux" ]
DISK = [ TYPE = swap,

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SIZE = 1024 ]

NIC = [ NETWORK = "Public", NETWORK_UNAME="oneadmin" ]

GRAPHICS = [

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TYPE = "vnc",
LISTEN = "0.0.0.0"]
Simple templates can be also created using the command line instead of creating a template file. The parameters to
do this for onetemplate are:

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Parameter

Description
--namename Name for the VM
--cpucpu CPU percentage reserved for the VM (1=100% one CPU)

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35 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Parameter

Description
--vcpuvcpu Number of virtualized CPUs
--archarch Architecture of the VM, e.g.: i386 or x86_64

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--memorymemory Memory ammount given to the VM
--diskdisk0,disk1 Disks to attach. To use a disk owned by other user use user[disk]
--nicvnet0,vnet1 Networks to attach. To use a network owned by other user use user[network]
--rawstring
Raw string to add to the template. Not to be confused with the RAW attribute. If you want

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to provide more than one element, just include an enter inside quotes, instead of using
more than one -raw option
--vnc Add VNC server to the VM
--ssh[file]
Add an ssh public key to the context. If the file is omited then the user variable

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SSH_PUBLIC_KEY will be used.
--net_context Add network contextualization parameters
--contextline1,line2 * Lines to add to the context section
--bootdevice Select boot device (hd, fd, cdrom or network)
A similar template as the previous example can be created with the following command:

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$ onetemplate create --name test-vm --memory 128 --cpu 1 --disk "Arch Linux" --nic Public
Managing Virtual Machines
Assuming we have a VM Template registered called vm-example with ID 6, then we can instantiate the VM issuing
a:
$ onetemplate list

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ID USER GROUP NAME REGTIME
6 oneadminoneadminvm_example 09/28 06:44:07

$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm

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36 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

VM ID: 0

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If the template has USER INPUTSdefined the CLI will prompt the user for these values:
$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm

There are some parameters that require user input.

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* (BLOG_TITLE) Blog Title:
* (DB_PASSWORD) Database Password:
VM ID: 0
Afterwards, the VM can be listed with the onevmlist command. You can also use the onevmtop command to list VMs
continuously.

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$ onevm list

ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME
0 oneadminoneadminmy_vm pend 0 0K 00 00:00:03
After a Scheduling cycle, the VM will be automatically deployed. But the deployment can also be forced by oneadmin

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using onevmdeploy:
$ onehost list

ID NAME RVM TCPU FCPU ACPU TMEM FMEM AMEM STAT
2 testbed 0 800 800 800 16G 16G16G on

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$ onevm deploy 0 2

$ onevm list

ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME

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0 oneadminoneadminmy_vmrunn 0 0K testbed 00 00:02:40

$ onevm show 0
VIRTUAL MACHINE 0 INFORMATION
ID :0

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NAME : my_vm
USER : oneadmin
GROUP : oneadmin

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37 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

STATE : ACTIVE
LCM_STATE : RUNNING
START TIME : 04/14 09:00:24

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END TIME : -
DEPLOY ID: : one-0
PERMISSIONS
OWNER : um-
GROUP : ---

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OTHER : ---
VIRTUAL MACHINE MONITORING
NET_TX : 13.05
NET_RX : 0
USED MEMORY : 512

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USED CPU : 0
VIRTUAL MACHINE TEMPLATE
VIRTUAL MACHINE HISTORY

SEQ HOSTNAME REASON START TIME PTIME

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0 testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00
testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00

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38 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to run virtual machines on different configuration was successfully executed & its utilization time is

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checked in various machines.


39 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find procedure to run the virtual machine of different
Configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time

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Applications:
? An advantage of virtualizing the workload?s I/O path enables hardware independence by
abstracting vendor specific drivers to more generalized versions that run on the hypervisor.
? It allows the live migration, which is one of virtualization?s greatest availability strengths
? The sharing of aggregate resources, such as network paths

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1. What is cloud computing?
2. What are the benefits of cloud computing?

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3. What are the different data types used in cloud computing?
4. What are the different layers in cloud computing?
5. What do you mean by software as a service?
6. What is on-demand functionality? How is it provided in cloud computing?
7. What are the platforms used for large scale cloud computing?

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8. What are the different models for deployment in cloud computing?
9. What is the difference between cloud computing and mobile computing?
10. What are the open source cloud computing platform databases?
11. What is the difference between cloud and traditional datacenters?
12. Why API's is used in cloud services?

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13. What are the different datacenters in cloud computing?
14. Define API in data virtualization?
15. List of API in cloud?
Viva-voce

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40 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No.02: FIND PROCEDURE TO ATTACH VIRTUAL BLOCK TO
THE VIRTUAL MACHINE AND CHECK WHETHER IT HOLDS THE

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DATA EVEN AFTER THE RELEASE OF THE VIRTUAL MACHINE.
Aim:
To find a procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even after the
release of the virtual machine

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
VirtualBox uses a special kernel module called vboxdrv to perform physical memory allocation and to gain control of
the processor for guest system execution. Without this kernel module, you can still use the VirtualBox manager to
configure virtual machines, but they will not start. In addition, there are the network kernel modules vboxnetflt and

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vboxnetadp which are required for the more advanced networking features of VirtualBox.
The VirtualBox kernel module is automatically installed on your system when you install VirtualBox. To
maintain it with future kernel updates, for those Linux distributions which provide it -- most current ones -- we
recommend installing Dynamic Kernel Module Support (DKMS). This framework helps with building and upgrading
kernel modules.

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If DKMS is not already installed, execute one of the following:
On an Ubuntu system:
sudo apt-get install dkms
If DKMS is available and installed, the VirtualBox kernel module should always work automatically, and it will be
automatically rebuilt if your host kernel is updated.

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Otherwise, there are only two situations in which you will need to worry about the kernel module:
1. The original installation fails. This probably means that your Linux system is not prepared for building
external kernel modules.

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Most Linux distributions can be set up simply by installing the right packages - normally, these will be the
GNU compiler (GCC), GNU Make (make) and packages containing header files for your kernel - and making
sure that all system updates are installed and that the system is running the most up-to-date kernel included

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in the distribution. The version numbers of the header file packages must be the same as that of the kernel
you are using.
? With Debian and Ubuntu releases, you must install the right version of the linux-headers and if it exists
the linux-kbuild package. Current Ubuntu releases should have the right packages installed by default.
? In even older Debian and Ubuntu releases, you must install the right version of the kernel-headers

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package.
? On Fedora and Redhat systems, the package is kernel-devel.
? On SUSE and openSUSE Linux, you must install the right versions of the kernel-source and kernel-syms
packages.
? If you have built your own kernel, you will need to make sure that you also installed all the required

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header and other files for building external modules to the right locations. The details of how to do
this will depend on how you built your kernel, and if you are unsure you should consult the
documentation which you followed to do so.
2. The kernel of your Linux host was updated and DKMS is not installed. In that case, the kernel module will
need to be reinstalled by executing (as root):

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rcvboxdrv setup
Performing the installation
VirtualBox is available in a number of package formats native to various common Linux distributions. In addition,
there is an alternative generic installer (.run) which should work on most Linux distributions.
Installing VirtualBox from a Debian/Ubuntu package

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First, download the appropriate package for your distribution. The following examples assume that you are installing
to a 32-bit Ubuntu Wily system. Use dpkg to install the Debian package:
sudodpkg -i virtualbox-5.0_5.0.20_Ubuntu_wily_i386.deb
The installer will also try to build kernel modules suitable for the current running kernel. If the build process is not
successful you will be shown a warning and the package will be left unconfigured. Please have a look at /var/log/vbox-

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install.log to find out why the compilation failed. You may have to install the appropriate Linux kernel After correcting
any problems, do


42 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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sudorcvboxdrv setup
This will start a second attempt to build the module.
If a suitable kernel module was found in the package or the module was successfully built, the installation script will
attempt to load that module.

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Once VirtualBox has been successfully installed and configured, you can start it by selecting "VirtualBox" in your
start menu or from the command line.
Using the alternative installer (VirtualBox.run)
The alternative installer performs the following steps:
? It unpacks the application files to the target directory,

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/opt/VirtualBox/
which cannot be changed.
? It builds the VirtualBox kernel modules (vboxdrv, vboxnetflt and vboxnetadp) and installs them.
? It creates /sbin/rcvboxdrv, an init script to start the VirtualBox kernel module.
? It creates a new system group called vboxusers.

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? It creates symbolic links in /usr/bin to the a shell script (/opt/VirtualBox/VBox) which does some sanity checks
and dispatches to the actual executables, VirtualBox, VBoxSDL, VBoxVRDP, VBoxHeadless and VBoxManage
? It creates /etc/udev/rules.d/60-vboxdrv.rules, a description file for udev, if that is present, which makes the USB
devices accessible to all users in the vboxusers group.
? It writes the installation directory to /etc/vbox/vbox.cfg.

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The installer must be executed as root with either install or uninstall as the first parameter.
sudo ./VirtualBox.run install
Or if you do not have the "sudo" command available, run the following as root instead:
./VirtualBox.run install

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43 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

After that you need to put every user which should be able to access USB devices from VirtualBox guests in the
group vboxusers, either through the GUI user management tools or by running the following command as root:

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sudousermod -a -G vboxusers username
Performing a manual installation
If, for any reason, you cannot use the shell script installer described previously, you can also perform a manual
installation. Invoke the installer like this:
./VirtualBox.run --keep --noexec

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This will unpack all the files needed for installation in the directory install under the current directory. The VirtualBox
application files are contained in VirtualBox.tar.bz2 which you can unpack to any directory on your system. For
example:
sudomkdir /opt/VirtualBox
sudo tar jxf ./install/VirtualBox.tar.bz2 -C /opt/VirtualBox

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or as root:
mkdir /opt/VirtualBox
tarjxf ./install/VirtualBox.tar.bz2 -C /opt/VirtualBox
The sources for VirtualBox's kernel module are provided in the src directory. To build the module, change to the
directory and issuemake

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If everything builds correctly, issue the following command to install the module to the appropriate module directory:
sudo make install
In case you do not have sudo, switch the user account to root and performmake install
The VirtualBox kernel module needs a device node to operate. The above make command will tell you how to create
the device node, depending on your Linux system. The procedure is slightly different for a classical Linux setup with

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a /dev directory, a system with the now deprecated devfs and a modern Linux system with udev.
Note that the /dev/vboxdrv kernel module device node must be owned by root:root and must be read/writable only for
the user.Next, you will have to install the system initialization script for the kernel module:
cp /opt/VirtualBox/vboxdrv.sh /sbin/rcvboxdrv
mkdir /etc/vbox

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echo INSTALL_DIR=/opt/VirtualBox> /etc/vbox/vbox.cfg


44 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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and, for convenience, create the following symbolic links:
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VirtualBox
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxManage
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxHeadless
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxSDL

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Sample Output:

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Result:
Thus the program to attach virtual block to virtual machine was successfully executed & checked whether it holds the
data after the release of the virtual machine.

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45 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find a procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual
machine and check whether it holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
Application:

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? To support the Cloud Computing with the Virtual Block Store System. The fast development of cloud
computing systems stimulates the needs for a standalone block storage system to provide persistent
block storage services to virtual machines maintained by clouds.

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1. What is Type-1 and Type-2 hypervisor?
2. What is the use of virsh command?
3. Explain how you can transfer volume from one owner to another in Open Stack?
4. Discuss about KVM Features?

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5. What is Virtual block?
6. What is Virtualization?
7. What are virtual clusters?
8. How virtualization happens in data center?
9. List some of the open source grid middleware packages.

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10. What is a programming model?
11. What is Hadoop?
12. What are map and reduce functions?
13. How to run a job in hadoop?
14. What is HDFS?

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15. What are the open source grid middleware packages?
16. What is peer to peer computing?
17. What are node clusters?
18. How virtual migration happens in data center?
Viva-voce

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46 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No.03: INSTALL A C COMPILER IN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE AND

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EXECUTE A SAMPLE PROGRAM.
Aim:
To Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Create a VM and Install any OS on it.
2.Install a C compiler on OS

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3.Open a Editor and type the sample program and Save.
4.Compile and run the Program
Example:
C programming on Linux based Environement

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1. Open Terminal (Applications-Accessories-Terminal)
2. Open gedit by typing ?gedit&? on terminal(You can also use any other Text Editor application)
3. Type the following on gedit
(or any other text editor)
#include

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main()
{
printf("Hello World\n");
}
Save this file as

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?helloworld. C?
5. Type ?ls? on Terminal to see all files under current folder
6. Confirm that ?helloworld.c? is in the current directory.
If not, type cd DIRECTORY_PATH to go to the
directory that has ?helloworld.c?

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7. Type ?gcchelloworld.c? to compile, and type ?ls? to
confirm that a new executable file ?a.out? is created
8. Type ?./a.out? on Terminal to run the program

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47 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to install a C complier is done and the sample program was executed successfully.

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48 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and
execute a sample program
Application:
The application of installing a C compiler in the virtual machine benefits to have a portable executable, for
each platform.

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1. What is the difference between Xen & KVM ?
2. What are different hypervisors available in Linux ?
3. Which command is used to list all virtual machine running on the KVM hypervisor ?
4. What are the different states of a VM in Xen hypervisor ?

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5. How to forcefully shutdown the KVM based virtual machine from the command line ?
6. What is virtual Machine?
7. What is Compiler?
8. What is Directory?
9. List the C Compilers available?

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10. What is virtualization?
11. List out VM operations
12. What are different hypervisors available in windows?
13. How to implement applications on the cloud to install C compiler?
14. What are grid and cloud tools available?

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15. What is hypervisor?
Viva-voce


49 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No.04: SHOW THE VIRTUAL MACHINE MIGRATION BASED ON
THE CERTAIN CONDITION FROM ONE NODE TO THE OTHER.

Aim:

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To Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other

Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos

Procedure:
1.Update source and target virtual machines to latest package versions
To help ensure that platform images between cloud providers are running the same version of key operating system

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packages, update these packages to the latest versions on both source and target virtual machines.
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
2. Install rsync and screen packages on source and target virtual machines
The migration of application packages and files in this process will use rsync over ssh between source and target

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virtual machines. The actual transfer of files between virtual machines can take some time, so I also recommend
using screen so that you can easily re-attach to an in-progress migration session if you are inadvertently
disconnected.
Ensure that rsync and screen packages are installed on both the source and target virtual machines with these
commands:

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sudo apt-get install rsync
sudo apt-get install screen
3. Add a consistent user account to both source and target virtual machines
To facilitate the migration process, ensure that you have a consistent user account configured on both source and
target virtual machines with sudo enabled. The newly provisioned target virtual machines from Task 3 already

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include a user named azureuser with sudo enabled. To configure this same user on each source virtual machine,

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use the following commands:
sudogroupadd -g 500 azureuser
sudouseradd -u 500 -g 500 -m -s /bin/bash azureuser
sudopasswdazureuser
4. Start a screen session for the migration

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On the source virtual machine, enter a new screen session for the migration by using the following command:
sudo screen -S AzureMigration
If you are disconnected from the source virtual machine during the migration process, you can reconnect to the
detached screen session by using the following command after signing in again to the source virtual machine:
sudo screen -r

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5. Build an exclusion list of directories and files
During the migration, we want to be careful to skip any files that include configuration information relating to the
identity of the source virtual machines, such as IP addresses, hostnames, ssh keys, etc. For the Ubuntu-based
virtual machines that we migrated, we used the following commands on each source virtual machine to build our
list of directories and files to exclude from the migration process:

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EXCLUDEFILE=/tmp/exclude.file
EXCLUDELIST='/boot /etc/fstab /etc/hostname /etc/issue /etc/hosts
/etc/sudoers /etc/networks /etc/network/* /etc/resolv.conf
/etc/ssh/* /etc/sysctl.conf /etc/mtab /etc/udev/rules.d/*
/lock /net /tmp'

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EXCLUDEPATH=$(echo $EXCLUDELIST | sed 's/\ /\\n/g')
echo -e $EXCLUDEPATH > $EXCLUDEFILE
find / -name '*cloud-init*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE
find / -name '*cloud-config*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE
find / -name '*cloud-final*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE

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51 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

The actual list of directories and files that you exclude may vary from this list, based on the Linux distro version,

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packages and applications that you are migrating.
Credits: Kudos to Kevin Carter who wrote a great article a couple years ago that provided a useful starting point for
building a list of directories and files to consider excluding as part of a Linux-to-Linux migration process!
6. Stop applications during migration
To minimize application data changes from occurring during the migration process, stop the related applications and

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daemons on the source virtual machines. The application that we migrated was a web application built using
Apache2, so we simply stopped the related Apache2 daemon.
sudo service stop apache2
7. Migrate the application files and data
From each source virtual machine, migrate application files and data using two rsync passes over ssh. The first

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pass performs the bulk of the data transfer, whereas the second pass uses checksums to confirm that all files were
transferred successfully.
TARGETVM="insert_target_vm_public_ip_address"
rsync -e "ssh" -rlpEAXogDtSzh -P -x ?exclude-from="$EXCLUDEFILE" ?rsync-path="sudorsync" ?
verbose ?progress / azureuser@$TARGETVM:/

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rsync -e "ssh" -crlpEAXogDtSzh -P -x ?exclude-from="$EXCLUDEFILE" ?rsync-path="sudorsync" ?
verbose ?progress / azureuser@$TARGETVM:/
8. Restart each target virtual machine
After both rsync passes have completed, restart each target virtual machine to complete the migration
process.

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sshazureuser@$TARGETVM
shutdown -r now

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52 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to implement migration of virtual machine was executed successfully.

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53 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to Show the virtual machine migration based on the
certain condition from one node to the other
Application:

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? Its easier to migrate a Virtual Machine from one server to another, than migrating the operating
system and application(s) individually.
? Using Virtual Machine Migration, its possible to migrate operating systems and applications from
older servers to newer servers easily and without disrupting the services.

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1. What are the basic requirements of VM live migration in KVM?
2. Which command is used in KVM for VMs live migration?
3. How to get hardware information of KVM guest machine?
4. What is VM migration?
5. Which type of virtualization is also characteristic of cloud computing ?

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6. Which virtualization standard does the WebSphere Application Server Hypervisor Edition use?
7.Which three tools are included in the IBM Rational Jazz Collaborative Application Lifecycle
Management (C/ALM) solution?
8. What are two ways a public cloud helps customers reduce their IT costs?
9.What functionality is provided by the IBM Security Network Intrusion Prevention System Virtual

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Appliance for a cloud environment?
10. What are two important benefits of using cloud computing?
11. What is the value of IBM Security Information and Event Manager in a cloud provider environment?
12. What is the main purpose of an IBM CloudBurst solution?
Viva-voce

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54 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

EX.NO.5: PROCEDURE TO INSTALL STORAGE CONTROLLER AND

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INTERACT WITH IT.
Aim:
Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it

Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:

To install Storage Control, follow these steps.
Ensure that Systems Director 6.3 is installed and running.
Ensure that you are logged in to Systems Director with a user ID that has administrative privileges.

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Windows only: Restart the DB2 Management server.
a) Go to Start >Administrative Tools >Services.
b) Select DB2 Management Service from the services window and restart it.
If you want to download and install Storage Control, go to step 5. If you want to install Storage Control from read-
only media, such as a CD or mounted .iso image, go to step 8.

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From the Systems Director summary page, click the link Try Storage Control in the upper right corner.
A download page opens. Download the appropriate file for your operating system.
7.Extract the files to the directory where you want to install Storage Control, then go to step 9.
8. Copy the Storage Control installer directory from the CD or the mounted .iso image into a temporary directory
close to the system root. For example, /SCInstall for AIX or Linux and C:\SCInstall for Windows.

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9. Access a command window and navigate to the directory where you extracted the files or where you copied
the installer directory. Run the appropriate script. If you do not want the license agreement to display, use the -
ioption when you run the script. For example, StorageControlInstall.sh -i.
Important: If you are not using IBM DB2 managed by Systems Director, then
the DB2 user ID used must have DB2 Administrator privileges.

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On Microsoft Windows systems, run the script StorageControlInstall.bat.
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice


0 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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College o f Engineering
?

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DEPARTMENT OF
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

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VII SEMESTER - R 2013

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Name : ______________________________________

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Reg. No. : ______________________________________
Section : ______________________________________
LABORATORY MANUAL

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1 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

DHANALAKSHMI

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is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and enterprising
professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and training.


? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry

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? To contribute to the promotion of Academic Excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart and
soul

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

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To strive for acquiring, applying and imparting knowledge in Computer Science and Engineering through quality
education and to provide enthusiastic professionals with commitment

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? To produce highly competent and globally employable engineers in the field of Computer Science and
Engineering
? To inculcate human values among the student community and make them realize their commitment to the society
? To exhibit excellence in pursuit of research and innovative products with a zeal to serve the society

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VISION
VISION
MISSION
MISSION

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2 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)

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1. Fundamentals
To provide students with a solid foundation in Mathematics, Science and fundamentals of engineering, enabling
them to apply, to find solutions for engineering problems and use this knowledge to acquire higher education
2. Core Competence
To train the students in Computer science and engineering technologies so that they apply their knowledge and

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training to compare, and to analyze various engineering industrial problems to find solutions
3. Breadth
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice this enables them to
find solutions for the real time problems in industry, and to design products
4. Professionalism

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To inculcate professional and effective communication skills, leadership qualities and team spirit in the students
to make them multi-faceted personalities and develop their ability to relate engineering issues to broader social
context
5. Lifelong Learning/Ethics
To demonstrate and practice ethical and professional responsibilities in the industry and society in the large,

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through commitment and lifelong learning needed for successful professional career



4

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PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)
a) To demonstrate and apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Electronics and Communication Engineering field

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b) To design a component, a system or a process to meet the specific needs within the realistic constraints
such as economics, environment, ethics, health, safety and manufacturability
c) To demonstrate the competency to use software tools for computation, simulation and testing of electronics and
communication engineering circuits
d) To identify, formulate and solve electronic and communication engineering problems

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e) To demonstrate an ability to visualize and work on laboratory and multidisciplinary tasks
f) To function as a member or a leader in multidisciplinary activities
g) To communicate in verbal and written form with fellow engineers and society at large
h) To understand the impact of Electronics and Communication Engineering in the society and demonstrate awareness
of contemporary issues and commitment to give solutions exhibiting social responsibility

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i) To demonstrate professional & ethical responsibilities
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To participate and succeed in competitive exams

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5 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

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SYLLABUS
Learn the working of ARM processor
Understand the Building Blocks of Embedded Systems
Learn the concept of memory map and memory interface

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Know the characteristics of Real Time Systems
Write programs to interface memory, I/Os with processor
Study the interrupt performance
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
GRID COMPUTING LAB

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Use Globus Toolkit or equivalent and do the following:
1. Develop a new Web Service for Calculator.
2. Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service.
3. Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service.
4. Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs

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5. Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus Toolkit.
6. Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it with and without
GRAM concept.

CLOUD COMPUTING LAB

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Use Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent to set up the cloud and demonstrate.
1. Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines
COURSE OBJECTIVES

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6 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

can be utilized at particular time.
2. Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even
after the release of the virtual machine.

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3. Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program.
4. Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other.
5. Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it.
6. Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster.
7. Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE.

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8. Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it.
9. Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits.
? Design and implement applications on the Grid.
? Design and Implement applications on the Cloud.
? Design network objects by applying the networking concepts.

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? Create virtualization concept.
? Design web based applications.
? Apply cloud tools for resource allocation.
? Apply grid tools for network translation.
? Design private cloud using open stack.

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COURSE OUTCOMES

7

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CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
CONTENTS
Sl. No. Name of the Experiment Page No.
CYCLE 1 ? EXPERIMENTS ( GRID COMPUTING)
1

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Develop a new Web Service for Calculator 7
2
Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service 16
3
Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service 19

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4
Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs 22
5
Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus
Toolkit

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25
6
Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it
with and without GRAM concept
27

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CYCLE 2 ? EXPERIMENTS (CLOUD COMPUTING)
1
Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how
many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
34

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2
Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it
holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
36
3 Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program 39

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4
Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to
the other
42
5 Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it 45

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6 Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster 47
7 Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE
ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS
1 Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it 52
2 Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks 55

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8 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO GRID COMPUTING

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GRID TECHNOLOGY

? Flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and
resource
? Grid architecture

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? Defined using services and protocols
? Using the ?sand hourglass? model similar to the TCP/IP protocol stack

"A computational grid is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides dependable, consistent, pervasive and
inexpensive access to high-end computational capabilities."

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Grid computing makes it possible to dynamically share and coordinate dispersed, heterogeneous computing
resources. Flexibility and ubiquity are essential characteristics of Web services technologies such as WSDL (Web
Services Description Language), SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), and UDDI (Universal Description,
Discovery, and Integration).
The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) combines technologies to unlock and exploit grid-attached resources.

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OGSA defines mechanisms to create, manage, and exchange information between Grid Services, a special type of
Web service. The architecture uses WSDL extensively to describe the structure and behavior of a service. Service
descriptions are located and discovered using Web Services Inspection Language (WSIL). By combining elements
from grid computing and Web services technologies, OGSA establishes an extensible and interoperable design and
development framework for Grid Services that includes details for service definition, discovery, and life-cycle

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management.


9 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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GLOBUS TOOLKIT

The Globus Toolkit provides software tools to make it easier to build computational grids and grid-based
applications. The Globus Toolkit is both an open architecture and open source toolkit.

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? The Globus Toolkit is a product of the Globus Alliance (http://www.globus.org)
? It is middleware for developing grids
? The current release is 6.0.
? Four key protocols and APIs

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? Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI)
? Grid Resource Allocation & Mgmt (GRAM)
? Grid Resource Information Protocol (GRIP) and Index Information Protocol (GIIP)
? Grid File Transfer Protocol (GridFTP)
? Implementations on many platforms

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? Resources, security systems, data models,
? Various collective layer protocols & tools
? Info services, replica management, etc.
? A basis for many Grid-enabled tools & apps
FTP, SSH, Condor, SRB, MPI, EDG, GridPort,

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GLOBUS TOOLKIT? COMPONENTS
? Security
? GSI ? Grid Security Infrastructure
? Resource Management
? GRAM ? Grid Resource Allocation Manager

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o globusrun
o RSL
o gatekeeper
o job manager
o DUROC ? Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator

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? Information Services
? MDS ? Monitoring and Discovery Service


10 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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o GRIS ? Grid Resource Information Service
o GIIS ? Grid Index Information Service
o MDS Client
? Data Management

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o GridFTP, GASS
The Globus Toolkit latest version 6.0 includes:
GSI: security
GridFTP: file transfer
GRAM: job execution/resource management

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MyProxy: credential repository/certificate authority
GSI-OpenSSH: GSI secure single sign-on remote shell


11 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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GLOBUS TOOLKIT INSTALLATION PROCEDURE
Step1: For installing Globus Toolkit nothing more easy than download the latest package:
http://toolkit.globus.org/ftppub/gt6/installers/repo/globus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
sudodpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb

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Step2: Update the repositories: sudo apt-get update
Step3: To install Debian or Ubuntu package, download the globus-toolkit-repo package
from the link above and install it with the command:
root@sysa63:/home/#dpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Do the following for Debian-based systems:

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root@sysa63:/home/#apt-get install globus-data-management-client

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12 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 01: DEVELOP A NEW WEB SERVICE FOR CALCULATOR

Aim:
Develop a Web Service for new Calculator
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Our first web service is an extremely simple Math Web Service, which we'll refer to asMathService. It will

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2. allow users to perform the following operations:
a. Addition
b. Subtraction
3. Furthermore, MathService will have the following resource properties (RPs for short):
a. Value (integer)

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b. Last operation performed (string)
4. We will also add a "Get Value" operation to access the Value RP. Once a new resource is created, the
"value" RP is initialized to zero, and the "last operation" RP is initialized to "NONE". The parameter is
added/subtracted to the "value" RP, and the "last operation" RP is changed to "ADDITION" or
"SUBTRACTION" accordingly. Also, the addition and subtraction operations don't return anything.

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5. Writing and deploying a WSRF Web Service is easier than you might think. You just have to follow five
simple steps.
6. Define the service's interface. This is done with WSDL
7. Implement the service. This is done with Java.
8. Define the deployment parameters. This is done with WSDD and JNDI

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9. Compile everything and generate a GAR file. This is done with Ant
10. Deploy service. This is also done with a GT4 tool

Sample Code:

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_instance"
xmlns ="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"
xmlns:tns="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/examples/core/MathService_instance"
xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsrp="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-
ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.xsd" xmlns:wsrpw="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-

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13 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.wsdl"

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xmlns:wsdlpp="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/2004/10/WSDLPreprocessor"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">

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Result:
Thus the program for developing web service for new calculator was successfully executed.

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14 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid by using Web Service for new Calculator
Applications:
To make a calculator in Windows application using web service

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1) What is Web Service?
2) What are the advantages of web services?
3) What are the different types of web services?
4) What is SOAP?
5) What are the advantages of SOAP web services?

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6) What are the disadvantages of SOAP web services?
7) What is WSDL?
8) What is UDDI?
9) What are RESTful web services?
10) What are the advantages of RESTful web services?

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11) What is the difference between SOAP and REST web services?
12) What is SOA service architecture?
13) What tools are used to deploy web services?
14) What is Web Service architecture?
15) What are the advantages of web services in globus toolkit?

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16) What are the different types of web services?
17) What is SOAP web services?
18) What is UDP and TCP?
19) What is stateless SOA?
20) What is data balancing in WSDL?

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Viva-voce


15 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 02: DEVELOP NEW OGSA-COMPLIANT WEB SERVICE

Aim:
To develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid Service using .NET language.
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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1. Developed by the Global Grid Forum
2. Aims to define a common, standard, open architecture for Grid Applications.
3. Defines a set of rules that make up a grid service.
4. Sharing and Coordinated use of diverse resources in Dynamic VO's

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Result:
Thus the program for developing OGSA- Complaint web service was successfully executed.

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16 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid
Service using .NET language
Applications:
? Sharing of information among diverse components of large heterogenous grid systems

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? WAN



1. How would you decide what style of Web Service to use? SOAP WS or REST?

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2. Does the service expose data or business logic?
3. Do consumers and the service providers require a formal contract?
4. Do we need to support multiple data formats?
5. Do we need to make AJAX calls?
6. Is the call synchronous or asynchronous?

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7. What level of security is required?
8. What level of transaction support is required?
9. Do we have limited band width?
10. What tools do you use to test your Web Services?
11. What is the difference between SOA and a Web service?

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12. What is a microservice architecture (aka MSA)?
13. What is data integrity?
14. What is cloud infrastructure?

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Viva-voce


17 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 03: USING APACHE AXIS DEVELOP A GRID SERVICE

Aim:
To develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Creating the New Level in the Package

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2. Edit the Configuration Files
3. Modify the Service Code
4. Modify the Client
5. Compile and Deploy
6. Starting the Container

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7. Compile the Client
8. Run the Client

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18 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:
Addition was successful

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Subtraction was successful
Multiplication was successful
Division was successful
Current value: 20.

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Result:

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Thus the program for Grid Service using Apache Axis was successfully executed.


19 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Applications:

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? To create web service in Java
? To work with Globus Tool kit standards web service


1. What are the different application integration styles?

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2. What is Grid Computing?
3. What is QOS?
4. What are the derivatives of grid computing?
5. What are the features of data grids?
6. What is load balancing?

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7. What is grid infrastructure?
8. Define ? Distributed Computing.
9. Define ? OSGI.
10. Define ? OSGA.
11. What is the use of API?s in cloud services?

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12. What is the difference between cloud and grid?
13. What is data communication?
14. What are the elements of data communication?

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Viva-voce

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20 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 04: DEVELOP APPLICATIONS USING JAVA OR C/C++ GRID
APIS

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Aim:
To develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Import all the necessary java packages and name the file as GridLayoutDemo.java
2. Set up components to preferred size
3. Add buttons to experiment with Grid Layout

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4. Add controls to set up horizontal and vertical gaps
5. Process the Apply gaps button press
6. Create the GUI
7. Create and set up the window,Set up the content pane and Display the Window
8. Schedule a job for the event dispatch thread

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9. Show the application's GUI

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21 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:

Figure 1: Horizontal, Left-to-Right Figure 2: Horizontal, Right-to-Left

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Result:
Thus the program to develop an application in java using Grid APIs was successfully executed.

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22 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Applications:
Used for defining a application programme interface for common distributes computing functionality

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1) Describe the two most important advantages of using Distributed/Grid Computing.
2) What is the main function of DNS?

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3) Briefly outline two applications of Public Key systems.
4) Provide one major difference between synchronous and asynchronous communication.
5) Provide one major difference between ASCII and Unicode encodings.
6) Provide two major differences between sequential computing and parallel computing.
7) Write the any three Grid Applications.

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8) Give the examples of Hardware service provider.
9) Give the example of software application ASP.
10) What are grid portals? Give example.
11) What are the high level services including in existing globus tool kit?
12) Name the components available in Nimrod architecture?

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13) What are the major objectives of Euro grid project?
14) What is the application specific work packages identified for the Euro grid?
15) Define dynamic accounting system.

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Viva-voce

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23 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

EX.NO. 05: DEVELOP SECURED APPLICATIONS USING BASIC
SECURITY MECHANISMS AVAILABLE IN GLOBUS TOOLKIT.
Aim:

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To develop a secured applications using a basic security mechanisms available in Globus toolkit
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
The Globus Toolkit incorporates multiple security components that establish the identity of users or services
(authentication), protect communications, and determine who is allowed to perform what actions (authorization), as
well as manage user credentials.
? GSI C: The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and

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certificate management.
? MyProxy: MyProxy is open source software for managing X.509 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) security
credentials (certificates and private keys).
? GSI-OpenSSH: GSI-OpenSSH is a modified version of OpenSSH that adds support for X.509 proxy
certificate authentication and delegation, providing a single sign-on remote login and file transfer service.

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The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and certificate
management. The authentication API is built using Public KeyInfrastructure (PKI) technologies, e.g. X.509
Certificates and TLS. In addition to authentication it features a delegation mechanism based upon X.509 Proxy
Certificates. Authorization support takes the form of a couple of APIs. The first provides a generic authorization API
that allows callouts to perform access control based on the client's credentials (i.e. the X.509 certificate chain). The

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second provides a simple access control list that maps authorized remote entities to local (system) user names. The
second mechanism also provides callouts that allow third parties to override the default behavior and is currently
used in the Gatekeeper and GridFTP servers. In addition to the above there are various lower level APIs and tools
for managing, discovering and querying certificates.
Components for Grid Security

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1. Basic Security Mechanisms
2. Components for Credential Generation
3. Components for Credential Management

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24 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Beyond verifying the identities of users and services, basic Grid security mechanisms leave access control decisions
to services. The Grid community has developed authorization and access control tools for storing and providing
access to system-wide authorization information and for creating a central data store for supporting decentralized

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control mechanisms.
Basic Security Mechanisms
? Pre-Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A non-Web services implementation of the Grid
Security Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI
mechanisms

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? Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A Web services implementation of the Grid Security
Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI mechanisms

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Result:
Thus the program to develop a security application available in Globus toolkit was successfully executed.
Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a secured applications using a basic security
mechanisms available in Globus toolkit

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25 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Applications:

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To provide easy acces to best breed open source network security


1. What are the collective services available in grid computing?
2. What are the basic principles of autonomous computing?

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3. What are the four essential characteristics of on demand business?
4. What are the essential capabilities provided by on demand business?
5. What are the two most important technologies for building semantic webs?
6. Define Peer to Peer computing?
7. What is the combination of Globus GT3 toolkit?

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8. What is a GT3 core?
9. What are the components available in service model?
10. Define WS-Trust
11. Define WS ?Federation
12. Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?

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13. Who are the actors in CDC?
14. Mention the scenarios in CDC?
15. What are the functional requirements of CDC on OGSA?

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Viva-voce

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26 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 06: DEVELOP A GRID PORTAL, WHERE USER CAN SUBMIT
A JOB AND GET THE RESULT, IMPLEMENT IT WITH AND WITHOUT
GRAM CONCEPT.

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Aim:
To develop a Grid portal and implement it with and without GRAM concept
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos

Procedure:
Multiple times that the likely user interface to grid applications will be through portals, specifically Web portals. A grid
portal may be constructed as a Web page interface to provide easy access to grid applications. The Web user

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interface provides user authentication, job submission, job monitoring, and results of the job.
Globus Resource Allocation Manager (GRAM)
When a job is submitted by a client, the request is sent to the remote host and handled by a gatekeeper daemon.
The gatekeeper creates a job manager to start and monitor the job. When the job is finished, the job manager
sends the status information back to the client and terminates.

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The GRAM subsystem consists of the following elements:
? The globusrun command and associated APIs Resource Specification Language (RSL)
? The gatekeeper daemon The job manager Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator (DUROC)
Each of these elements are described briefly below.
The globusrun command

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The globusrun command (or its equivalent API) submits a job to a resource within the grid. This command
is typically passed an RSL string (see below) that specifies parameters and other properties required to successfully
launch and run the job

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27 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Resource Specification Language (RSL)
RSL is a language used by clients to specify the job to be run. All job submission requests are described in an RSL
string that includes information such as the executable file; its parameters; information about redirection of stdin,

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stdout, and stderr; and so on. Basically it provides a standard way of specifying all of the information required to
execute a job, independent of the target environment. It is then the responsibility of the job manager on the target
system to parse the information and launch the job in the appropriate way.
The syntax of RSL is very straightforward. Each statement is enclosed within parenthesis. Comments are
designated with parenthesis and asterisks, for example, (* this is a comment *). Supported attributes include the

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following:
rsl_substitution: Defines variables
executable: The script or command to be run
arguments: Information or flags to be passed to the executable
stdin: Specifies the remote URL and local file used for the executable stdout: Specifies the remote file to place

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standard output from the job stderr: Specifies the remote file to place standard error from the job queue: Specifies the
queue to submit the job (requires a scheduler) count: Specifies the number of executions
directory: Specifies the directory to run the job
project: Specifies a project account for the job (requires a scheduler) dryRun: Verifies the RSL string but
does not run the job

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maxMemory: Specifies the maximum amount of memory in MBs required for the job
minMemory: Specifies the minimum amount of memory in MBs required for the job
hostCount: Specifies the number of nodes in a cluster required for the job environment: Specifies environment
variables that are required for the job
jobType: Specifies the type of job single process, multi-process, mpi, or condor

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maxTime: Specifies the maximum execution wall or cpu time for one execution
maxWallTime: Specifies the maximum walltime for one execution maxCpuTime: Specifies the maximum
cpu time for one execution
gramMyjob: Specifies the whether the gram myjob interface starts one process/thread (independent) or more
(collective)

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28 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:

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Thus the program to develop Grid Portal was successfully executed.


29 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid portal and implement it with and
without GRAM concept

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Application:
? It is useful and necessary for interfaces for the performance of operations on the Grid. The Grid
Portal Development Kit (GPDK) facilitates the development of Grid portals and provides several key
reusable components for accessing various Grid services.
? A Grid Portal provides a customizable interface allowing scientists to perform a variety of Grid

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operations including remote program submission, file staging, and querying of information services
from a single, secure gateway.
? The Grid Portal Development Kit leverages off existing Globus/Grid middleware infrastructure as
well as commodity web technology including Java Server Pages and servlets .

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1) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?
2) What are the major goals of OGSA?
3) What are the more specific goals of OGSA?

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4) What are the main purposes of use case defined by OGSA?
5) Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
6) What are the layers available in OGSA architectural organizations?
7) What are the OGSA basic services?
8) What are the two aspects involved in GRAM?

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9) What are the two kinds of lifecycle model associated with state data recovery?
10) What is a GT3 core?
11) What are the major components of default server side framework?
12) What is Grid container?
13) What are the two levels of security available in GT3?

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14) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?
15) What are the two different message-level authentication mechanisms provided by GT3 framework?
16) What are the most common GT3 security handlers?
Viva-voce

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30 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

INTRODUCTION TO CLOUD COMPUTING

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What is cloud computing?
Cloud computing means that instead of all the computer hardware and software you're using sitting on your
desktop, or somewhere inside your company's network, it's provided for you as a service by another company and
accessed over the Internet, usually in a completely seamless way. Exactly where the hardware and software is
located and how it all works doesn't matter to you, the user?it's just somewhere up in the nebulous "cloud" that the

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Internet represents.
Cloud computing is a buzzword that means different things to different people. For some, it's just another way of
describing IT (information technology) "outsourcing"; others use it to mean any computing service provided over the
Internet or a similar network; and some define it as any bought-in computer service you use that sits outside your
firewall.

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Types of cloud computing
IT people talk about three different kinds of cloud computing, where different services are being provided for you.
Note that there's a certain amount of vagueness about how these things are defined and some overlap between
them.
? Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) means you're buying access to raw computing hardware over the Net,

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such as servers or storage. Since you buy what you need and pay-as-you-go, this is often referred to as
utility computing. Ordinary web hosting is a simple example of IaaS: you pay a monthly subscription or a
per-megabyte/gigabyte fee to have a hosting company serve up files for your website from their servers.
? Software as a Service (SaaS) means you use a complete application running on someone else's system.
Web-based email and Google Documents are perhaps the best-known examples. Zoho is another well-

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known SaaS provider offering a variety of office applications online.
? Platform as a Service (PaaS) means you develop applications using Web-based tools so they run on
systems software and hardware provided by another company. So, for example, you might develop your
own ecommerce website but have the whole thing, including the shopping cart, checkout, and payment
mechanism running on a merchant's server. App Cloud (from salesforce.com) and the Google App Engine

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are examples of PaaS.
Advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing
Advantages
The pros of cloud computing are obvious and compelling. If your business is selling books or repairing shoes,
why get involved in the nitty gritty of buying and maintaining a complex computer system? If you run an insurance

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office, do you really want your sales agents wasting time running anti-virus software, upgrading word-processors, or
worrying about hard-drive crashes? Do you really want them cluttering your expensive computers with their personal


31 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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emails, illegally shared MP3 files, and naughty YouTube videos?when you could leave that responsibility to
someone else? Cloud computing allows you to buy in only the services you want, when you want them, cutting the
upfront capital costs of computers and peripherals. You avoid equipment going out of date and other familiar IT
problems like ensuring system security and reliability. You can add extra services (or take them away) at a moment's

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notice as your business needs change. It's really quick and easy to add new applications or services to your
business without waiting weeks or months for the new computer (and its software) to arrive.
Drawbacks
Instant convenience comes at a price. Instead of purchasing computers and software, cloud computing means you
buy services, so one-off, upfront capital costs become ongoing operating costs instead. That might work out much

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more expensive in the long-term.
If you're using software as a service (for example, writing a report using an online word processor or sending emails
through webmail), you need a reliable, high-speed, broadband Internet connection functioning the whole time you're
working. That's something we take for granted in countries such as the United States, but it's much more of an issue
in developing countries or rural areas where broadband is unavailable.

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An Introduction to Cloud Computing with OpenNebula
An OpenNebula Private Cloud provides infrastructure users with an elastic platform for fast delivery and scalability of
services to meet dynamic demands of service end-users. Services are hosted in VMs, and then submitted,
monitored and controlled in the Cloud by using Sunstone or any of the OpenNebula interfaces:
? Command Line Interface (CLI)

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? XML-RPC API
? OpenNebulaRuby and Java Cloud APIs
The aim of a Private Cloud is not to expose to the world a cloud interface to sell capacity over the Internet, but to
provide local cloud users and administrators with a flexible and agile private infrastructure to run virtualized service
workloads within the administrative domain. OpenNebula virtual infrastructure interfaces expose user and

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administrator functionality for virtualization, networking, image and physical resource configuration, management,
monitoring and accounting.

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Expt.No.1: FIND PROCEDURE TO RUN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE OF
DIFFERENT CONFIGURATION. CHECK HOW MANY VIRTUAL
MACHINES CAN BE UTILIZED AT PARTICULAR TIME.

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Aim:
To Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be
utilized at particular time
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

Creating Virtual Machines

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In OpenNebula the Virtual Machines are defined with Template files. The Template Repository system allows
OpenNebula administrators and users to register Virtual Machine definitions in the system, to be instantiated later as
Virtual Machine instances. These Templates can be instantiated several times, and also shared with other users.
Virtual Machine Model
A Virtual Machine within the OpenNebula system consists of:

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? A capacity in terms memory and CPU
? A set of NICs attached to one or more virtual networks
? A set of disk images
? A state file (optional) or recovery file, that contains the memory image of a running VM plus some hypervisor
specific information.

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The above items, plus some additional VM attributes like the OS kernel and context information to be used inside the
VM, are specified in a template file.
Defining a VM in 3 Steps
Virtual Machines are defined in an OpenNebula Template. Templates are stored in a repository to easily browse and
instantiate VMs from them. To create a new Template you have to define 3 things

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33 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

? Capacity & Name, how big will the VM be?

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Attribute Description Mandatory Default
NAME Name that the VM will get for description purposes. Yes one-
MEMORY Amount of RAM required for the VM, in Megabytes. Yes
CPU CPU ratio (e..g half a physical CPU is 0.5). Yes
VCPU Number of virtual cpus. No 1

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Disks. Each disk is defined with a DISK attribute. A VM can use three types of disk:
? Use a persistent Image changes to the disk image will persist after the VM is shutdown.
? Use a non-persistent Image images are cloned, changes to the image will be lost.
? Volatile disks are created on the fly on the target host. After the VM is shutdown the disk is disposed.

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Persistent and Clone Disks
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
IMAGE_ID and IMAGE The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes
IMAGE_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No self
IMAGE_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No self

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Volatile
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
TYPE
Type of the disk: swap, fs. swap type will set the label to swap so it is
easier to mount and the context packages will automatically mount it.

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Yes
SIZE size in MB Yes
FORMAT
filesystem for fs images: ext2, ext3, etc. raw will not format the image. For
VMs to run on vmfs or vmwareshared configurations, the valid values are:

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Yes


34 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Attribute Description Mandatory Default
vmdk_thin, vmdk_zeroedthick, vmdk_eagerzeroedthick

Network Interfaces. Each network interface of a VM is defined with the NIC attribute.
Attribute Description Mandatory Default

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NETWORK_ID and NETWORK The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes
NETWORK_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No Self
NETWORK_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No Self

The following example shows a VM Template file with a couple of disks and a network interface, also a VNC section

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was added.
NAME = test-vm
MEMORY = 128
CPU = 1

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DISK = [ IMAGE = "Arch Linux" ]
DISK = [ TYPE = swap,
SIZE = 1024 ]

NIC = [ NETWORK = "Public", NETWORK_UNAME="oneadmin" ]

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GRAPHICS = [
TYPE = "vnc",
LISTEN = "0.0.0.0"]
Simple templates can be also created using the command line instead of creating a template file. The parameters to

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do this for onetemplate are:

Parameter

Description

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--namename Name for the VM
--cpucpu CPU percentage reserved for the VM (1=100% one CPU)


35 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Parameter

Description

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--vcpuvcpu Number of virtualized CPUs
--archarch Architecture of the VM, e.g.: i386 or x86_64
--memorymemory Memory ammount given to the VM
--diskdisk0,disk1 Disks to attach. To use a disk owned by other user use user[disk]
--nicvnet0,vnet1 Networks to attach. To use a network owned by other user use user[network]

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--rawstring
Raw string to add to the template. Not to be confused with the RAW attribute. If you want
to provide more than one element, just include an enter inside quotes, instead of using
more than one -raw option
--vnc Add VNC server to the VM

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--ssh[file]
Add an ssh public key to the context. If the file is omited then the user variable
SSH_PUBLIC_KEY will be used.
--net_context Add network contextualization parameters
--contextline1,line2 * Lines to add to the context section

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--bootdevice Select boot device (hd, fd, cdrom or network)
A similar template as the previous example can be created with the following command:
$ onetemplate create --name test-vm --memory 128 --cpu 1 --disk "Arch Linux" --nic Public
Managing Virtual Machines
Assuming we have a VM Template registered called vm-example with ID 6, then we can instantiate the VM issuing

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a:
$ onetemplate list

ID USER GROUP NAME REGTIME
6 oneadminoneadminvm_example 09/28 06:44:07

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$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm


36 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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VM ID: 0
If the template has USER INPUTSdefined the CLI will prompt the user for these values:
$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm

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There are some parameters that require user input.

* (BLOG_TITLE) Blog Title:
* (DB_PASSWORD) Database Password:
VM ID: 0

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Afterwards, the VM can be listed with the onevmlist command. You can also use the onevmtop command to list VMs
continuously.
$ onevm list

ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME

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0 oneadminoneadminmy_vm pend 0 0K 00 00:00:03
After a Scheduling cycle, the VM will be automatically deployed. But the deployment can also be forced by oneadmin
using onevmdeploy:
$ onehost list

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ID NAME RVM TCPU FCPU ACPU TMEM FMEM AMEM STAT
2 testbed 0 800 800 800 16G 16G16G on
$ onevm deploy 0 2

$ onevm list

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ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME
0 oneadminoneadminmy_vmrunn 0 0K testbed 00 00:02:40

$ onevm show 0

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VIRTUAL MACHINE 0 INFORMATION
ID :0
NAME : my_vm
USER : oneadmin
GROUP : oneadmin

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STATE : ACTIVE

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LCM_STATE : RUNNING
START TIME : 04/14 09:00:24
END TIME : -
DEPLOY ID: : one-0
PERMISSIONS

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OWNER : um-
GROUP : ---
OTHER : ---
VIRTUAL MACHINE MONITORING
NET_TX : 13.05

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NET_RX : 0
USED MEMORY : 512
USED CPU : 0
VIRTUAL MACHINE TEMPLATE
VIRTUAL MACHINE HISTORY

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SEQ HOSTNAME REASON START TIME PTIME

0 testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00
testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00

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38 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to run virtual machines on different configuration was successfully executed & its utilization time is
checked in various machines.

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39 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find procedure to run the virtual machine of different
Configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
Applications:
? An advantage of virtualizing the workload?s I/O path enables hardware independence by
abstracting vendor specific drivers to more generalized versions that run on the hypervisor.

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? It allows the live migration, which is one of virtualization?s greatest availability strengths
? The sharing of aggregate resources, such as network paths

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1. What is cloud computing?
2. What are the benefits of cloud computing?
3. What are the different data types used in cloud computing?
4. What are the different layers in cloud computing?
5. What do you mean by software as a service?

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6. What is on-demand functionality? How is it provided in cloud computing?
7. What are the platforms used for large scale cloud computing?
8. What are the different models for deployment in cloud computing?
9. What is the difference between cloud computing and mobile computing?
10. What are the open source cloud computing platform databases?

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11. What is the difference between cloud and traditional datacenters?
12. Why API's is used in cloud services?
13. What are the different datacenters in cloud computing?
14. Define API in data virtualization?
15. List of API in cloud?

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Viva-voce


40 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No.02: FIND PROCEDURE TO ATTACH VIRTUAL BLOCK TO
THE VIRTUAL MACHINE AND CHECK WHETHER IT HOLDS THE
DATA EVEN AFTER THE RELEASE OF THE VIRTUAL MACHINE.
Aim:
To find a procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even after the

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release of the virtual machine

Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

Procedure:
VirtualBox uses a special kernel module called vboxdrv to perform physical memory allocation and to gain control of

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the processor for guest system execution. Without this kernel module, you can still use the VirtualBox manager to
configure virtual machines, but they will not start. In addition, there are the network kernel modules vboxnetflt and
vboxnetadp which are required for the more advanced networking features of VirtualBox.
The VirtualBox kernel module is automatically installed on your system when you install VirtualBox. To
maintain it with future kernel updates, for those Linux distributions which provide it -- most current ones -- we

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recommend installing Dynamic Kernel Module Support (DKMS). This framework helps with building and upgrading
kernel modules.
If DKMS is not already installed, execute one of the following:
On an Ubuntu system:
sudo apt-get install dkms

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If DKMS is available and installed, the VirtualBox kernel module should always work automatically, and it will be
automatically rebuilt if your host kernel is updated.
Otherwise, there are only two situations in which you will need to worry about the kernel module:
1. The original installation fails. This probably means that your Linux system is not prepared for building
external kernel modules.

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41 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Most Linux distributions can be set up simply by installing the right packages - normally, these will be the

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GNU compiler (GCC), GNU Make (make) and packages containing header files for your kernel - and making
sure that all system updates are installed and that the system is running the most up-to-date kernel included
in the distribution. The version numbers of the header file packages must be the same as that of the kernel
you are using.
? With Debian and Ubuntu releases, you must install the right version of the linux-headers and if it exists

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the linux-kbuild package. Current Ubuntu releases should have the right packages installed by default.
? In even older Debian and Ubuntu releases, you must install the right version of the kernel-headers
package.
? On Fedora and Redhat systems, the package is kernel-devel.
? On SUSE and openSUSE Linux, you must install the right versions of the kernel-source and kernel-syms

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packages.
? If you have built your own kernel, you will need to make sure that you also installed all the required
header and other files for building external modules to the right locations. The details of how to do
this will depend on how you built your kernel, and if you are unsure you should consult the
documentation which you followed to do so.

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2. The kernel of your Linux host was updated and DKMS is not installed. In that case, the kernel module will
need to be reinstalled by executing (as root):
rcvboxdrv setup
Performing the installation
VirtualBox is available in a number of package formats native to various common Linux distributions. In addition,

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there is an alternative generic installer (.run) which should work on most Linux distributions.
Installing VirtualBox from a Debian/Ubuntu package
First, download the appropriate package for your distribution. The following examples assume that you are installing
to a 32-bit Ubuntu Wily system. Use dpkg to install the Debian package:
sudodpkg -i virtualbox-5.0_5.0.20_Ubuntu_wily_i386.deb

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The installer will also try to build kernel modules suitable for the current running kernel. If the build process is not
successful you will be shown a warning and the package will be left unconfigured. Please have a look at /var/log/vbox-
install.log to find out why the compilation failed. You may have to install the appropriate Linux kernel After correcting
any problems, do

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42 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

sudorcvboxdrv setup
This will start a second attempt to build the module.

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If a suitable kernel module was found in the package or the module was successfully built, the installation script will
attempt to load that module.
Once VirtualBox has been successfully installed and configured, you can start it by selecting "VirtualBox" in your
start menu or from the command line.
Using the alternative installer (VirtualBox.run)

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The alternative installer performs the following steps:
? It unpacks the application files to the target directory,
/opt/VirtualBox/
which cannot be changed.
? It builds the VirtualBox kernel modules (vboxdrv, vboxnetflt and vboxnetadp) and installs them.

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? It creates /sbin/rcvboxdrv, an init script to start the VirtualBox kernel module.
? It creates a new system group called vboxusers.
? It creates symbolic links in /usr/bin to the a shell script (/opt/VirtualBox/VBox) which does some sanity checks
and dispatches to the actual executables, VirtualBox, VBoxSDL, VBoxVRDP, VBoxHeadless and VBoxManage
? It creates /etc/udev/rules.d/60-vboxdrv.rules, a description file for udev, if that is present, which makes the USB

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devices accessible to all users in the vboxusers group.
? It writes the installation directory to /etc/vbox/vbox.cfg.
The installer must be executed as root with either install or uninstall as the first parameter.
sudo ./VirtualBox.run install
Or if you do not have the "sudo" command available, run the following as root instead:

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./VirtualBox.run install


43 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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After that you need to put every user which should be able to access USB devices from VirtualBox guests in the
group vboxusers, either through the GUI user management tools or by running the following command as root:
sudousermod -a -G vboxusers username
Performing a manual installation
If, for any reason, you cannot use the shell script installer described previously, you can also perform a manual

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installation. Invoke the installer like this:
./VirtualBox.run --keep --noexec
This will unpack all the files needed for installation in the directory install under the current directory. The VirtualBox
application files are contained in VirtualBox.tar.bz2 which you can unpack to any directory on your system. For
example:

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sudomkdir /opt/VirtualBox
sudo tar jxf ./install/VirtualBox.tar.bz2 -C /opt/VirtualBox
or as root:
mkdir /opt/VirtualBox
tarjxf ./install/VirtualBox.tar.bz2 -C /opt/VirtualBox

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The sources for VirtualBox's kernel module are provided in the src directory. To build the module, change to the
directory and issuemake
If everything builds correctly, issue the following command to install the module to the appropriate module directory:
sudo make install
In case you do not have sudo, switch the user account to root and performmake install

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The VirtualBox kernel module needs a device node to operate. The above make command will tell you how to create
the device node, depending on your Linux system. The procedure is slightly different for a classical Linux setup with
a /dev directory, a system with the now deprecated devfs and a modern Linux system with udev.
Note that the /dev/vboxdrv kernel module device node must be owned by root:root and must be read/writable only for
the user.Next, you will have to install the system initialization script for the kernel module:

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cp /opt/VirtualBox/vboxdrv.sh /sbin/rcvboxdrv
mkdir /etc/vbox
echo INSTALL_DIR=/opt/VirtualBox> /etc/vbox/vbox.cfg

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44 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

and, for convenience, create the following symbolic links:
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VirtualBox
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxManage

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ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxHeadless
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxSDL

Sample Output:

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Result:

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Thus the program to attach virtual block to virtual machine was successfully executed & checked whether it holds the
data after the release of the virtual machine.


45 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find a procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual

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machine and check whether it holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
Application:
? To support the Cloud Computing with the Virtual Block Store System. The fast development of cloud
computing systems stimulates the needs for a standalone block storage system to provide persistent
block storage services to virtual machines maintained by clouds.

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1. What is Type-1 and Type-2 hypervisor?
2. What is the use of virsh command?

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3. Explain how you can transfer volume from one owner to another in Open Stack?
4. Discuss about KVM Features?
5. What is Virtual block?
6. What is Virtualization?
7. What are virtual clusters?

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8. How virtualization happens in data center?
9. List some of the open source grid middleware packages.
10. What is a programming model?
11. What is Hadoop?
12. What are map and reduce functions?

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13. How to run a job in hadoop?
14. What is HDFS?
15. What are the open source grid middleware packages?
16. What is peer to peer computing?
17. What are node clusters?

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18. How virtual migration happens in data center?
Viva-voce


46 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No.03: INSTALL A C COMPILER IN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE AND
EXECUTE A SAMPLE PROGRAM.
Aim:
To Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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1. Create a VM and Install any OS on it.
2.Install a C compiler on OS
3.Open a Editor and type the sample program and Save.
4.Compile and run the Program
Example:

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C programming on Linux based Environement

1. Open Terminal (Applications-Accessories-Terminal)
2. Open gedit by typing ?gedit&? on terminal(You can also use any other Text Editor application)
3. Type the following on gedit

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(or any other text editor)
#include
main()
{
printf("Hello World\n");

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}
Save this file as
?helloworld. C?
5. Type ?ls? on Terminal to see all files under current folder
6. Confirm that ?helloworld.c? is in the current directory.

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If not, type cd DIRECTORY_PATH to go to the
directory that has ?helloworld.c?
7. Type ?gcchelloworld.c? to compile, and type ?ls? to
confirm that a new executable file ?a.out? is created
8. Type ?./a.out? on Terminal to run the program

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47 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to install a C complier is done and the sample program was executed successfully.

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48 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and
execute a sample program
Application:

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The application of installing a C compiler in the virtual machine benefits to have a portable executable, for
each platform.

1. What is the difference between Xen & KVM ?
2. What are different hypervisors available in Linux ?

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3. Which command is used to list all virtual machine running on the KVM hypervisor ?
4. What are the different states of a VM in Xen hypervisor ?
5. How to forcefully shutdown the KVM based virtual machine from the command line ?
6. What is virtual Machine?
7. What is Compiler?

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8. What is Directory?
9. List the C Compilers available?
10. What is virtualization?
11. List out VM operations
12. What are different hypervisors available in windows?

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13. How to implement applications on the cloud to install C compiler?
14. What are grid and cloud tools available?
15. What is hypervisor?
Viva-voce

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49 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No.04: SHOW THE VIRTUAL MACHINE MIGRATION BASED ON
THE CERTAIN CONDITION FROM ONE NODE TO THE OTHER.

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Aim:
To Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other

Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

Procedure:

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1.Update source and target virtual machines to latest package versions
To help ensure that platform images between cloud providers are running the same version of key operating system
packages, update these packages to the latest versions on both source and target virtual machines.
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

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2. Install rsync and screen packages on source and target virtual machines
The migration of application packages and files in this process will use rsync over ssh between source and target
virtual machines. The actual transfer of files between virtual machines can take some time, so I also recommend
using screen so that you can easily re-attach to an in-progress migration session if you are inadvertently
disconnected.

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Ensure that rsync and screen packages are installed on both the source and target virtual machines with these
commands:
sudo apt-get install rsync
sudo apt-get install screen
3. Add a consistent user account to both source and target virtual machines

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To facilitate the migration process, ensure that you have a consistent user account configured on both source and
target virtual machines with sudo enabled. The newly provisioned target virtual machines from Task 3 already


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include a user named azureuser with sudo enabled. To configure this same user on each source virtual machine,
use the following commands:
sudogroupadd -g 500 azureuser
sudouseradd -u 500 -g 500 -m -s /bin/bash azureuser

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sudopasswdazureuser
4. Start a screen session for the migration
On the source virtual machine, enter a new screen session for the migration by using the following command:
sudo screen -S AzureMigration
If you are disconnected from the source virtual machine during the migration process, you can reconnect to the

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detached screen session by using the following command after signing in again to the source virtual machine:
sudo screen -r
5. Build an exclusion list of directories and files
During the migration, we want to be careful to skip any files that include configuration information relating to the
identity of the source virtual machines, such as IP addresses, hostnames, ssh keys, etc. For the Ubuntu-based

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virtual machines that we migrated, we used the following commands on each source virtual machine to build our
list of directories and files to exclude from the migration process:
EXCLUDEFILE=/tmp/exclude.file
EXCLUDELIST='/boot /etc/fstab /etc/hostname /etc/issue /etc/hosts
/etc/sudoers /etc/networks /etc/network/* /etc/resolv.conf

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/etc/ssh/* /etc/sysctl.conf /etc/mtab /etc/udev/rules.d/*
/lock /net /tmp'
EXCLUDEPATH=$(echo $EXCLUDELIST | sed 's/\ /\\n/g')
echo -e $EXCLUDEPATH > $EXCLUDEFILE
find / -name '*cloud-init*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE

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find / -name '*cloud-config*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE
find / -name '*cloud-final*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE


51 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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The actual list of directories and files that you exclude may vary from this list, based on the Linux distro version,
packages and applications that you are migrating.
Credits: Kudos to Kevin Carter who wrote a great article a couple years ago that provided a useful starting point for
building a list of directories and files to consider excluding as part of a Linux-to-Linux migration process!

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6. Stop applications during migration
To minimize application data changes from occurring during the migration process, stop the related applications and
daemons on the source virtual machines. The application that we migrated was a web application built using
Apache2, so we simply stopped the related Apache2 daemon.
sudo service stop apache2

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7. Migrate the application files and data
From each source virtual machine, migrate application files and data using two rsync passes over ssh. The first
pass performs the bulk of the data transfer, whereas the second pass uses checksums to confirm that all files were
transferred successfully.
TARGETVM="insert_target_vm_public_ip_address"

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rsync -e "ssh" -rlpEAXogDtSzh -P -x ?exclude-from="$EXCLUDEFILE" ?rsync-path="sudorsync" ?
verbose ?progress / azureuser@$TARGETVM:/
rsync -e "ssh" -crlpEAXogDtSzh -P -x ?exclude-from="$EXCLUDEFILE" ?rsync-path="sudorsync" ?
verbose ?progress / azureuser@$TARGETVM:/
8. Restart each target virtual machine

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After both rsync passes have completed, restart each target virtual machine to complete the migration
process.
sshazureuser@$TARGETVM
shutdown -r now

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Result:
Thus the program to implement migration of virtual machine was executed successfully.


53 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to Show the virtual machine migration based on the

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certain condition from one node to the other
Application:
? Its easier to migrate a Virtual Machine from one server to another, than migrating the operating
system and application(s) individually.
? Using Virtual Machine Migration, its possible to migrate operating systems and applications from

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older servers to newer servers easily and without disrupting the services.

1. What are the basic requirements of VM live migration in KVM?
2. Which command is used in KVM for VMs live migration?
3. How to get hardware information of KVM guest machine?

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4. What is VM migration?
5. Which type of virtualization is also characteristic of cloud computing ?
6. Which virtualization standard does the WebSphere Application Server Hypervisor Edition use?
7.Which three tools are included in the IBM Rational Jazz Collaborative Application Lifecycle
Management (C/ALM) solution?

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8. What are two ways a public cloud helps customers reduce their IT costs?
9.What functionality is provided by the IBM Security Network Intrusion Prevention System Virtual
Appliance for a cloud environment?
10. What are two important benefits of using cloud computing?
11. What is the value of IBM Security Information and Event Manager in a cloud provider environment?

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12. What is the main purpose of an IBM CloudBurst solution?
Viva-voce


54 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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EX.NO.5: PROCEDURE TO INSTALL STORAGE CONTROLLER AND
INTERACT WITH IT.
Aim:
Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos

Procedure:

To install Storage Control, follow these steps.

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Ensure that Systems Director 6.3 is installed and running.
Ensure that you are logged in to Systems Director with a user ID that has administrative privileges.
Windows only: Restart the DB2 Management server.
a) Go to Start >Administrative Tools >Services.
b) Select DB2 Management Service from the services window and restart it.

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If you want to download and install Storage Control, go to step 5. If you want to install Storage Control from read-
only media, such as a CD or mounted .iso image, go to step 8.
From the Systems Director summary page, click the link Try Storage Control in the upper right corner.
A download page opens. Download the appropriate file for your operating system.
7.Extract the files to the directory where you want to install Storage Control, then go to step 9.

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8. Copy the Storage Control installer directory from the CD or the mounted .iso image into a temporary directory
close to the system root. For example, /SCInstall for AIX or Linux and C:\SCInstall for Windows.
9. Access a command window and navigate to the directory where you extracted the files or where you copied
the installer directory. Run the appropriate script. If you do not want the license agreement to display, use the -
ioption when you run the script. For example, StorageControlInstall.sh -i.

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Important: If you are not using IBM DB2 managed by Systems Director, then
the DB2 user ID used must have DB2 Administrator privileges.
On Microsoft Windows systems, run the script StorageControlInstall.bat.

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55 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

On Linux and AIX systems, run the script StorageControlInstall.sh.
10. Restart Systems Director as directed.

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Result:
Thus the program to install storage controller was executed successfully.

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FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice


0 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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College o f Engineering
?

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DEPARTMENT OF
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
VII SEMESTER - R 2013

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Name : ______________________________________
Reg. No. : ______________________________________

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Section : ______________________________________
LABORATORY MANUAL


1 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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DHANALAKSHMI


is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and enterprising

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professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and training.


? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic Excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at different levels

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? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart and
soul

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

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To strive for acquiring, applying and imparting knowledge in Computer Science and Engineering through quality
education and to provide enthusiastic professionals with commitment


? To produce highly competent and globally employable engineers in the field of Computer Science and

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Engineering
? To inculcate human values among the student community and make them realize their commitment to the society
? To exhibit excellence in pursuit of research and innovative products with a zeal to serve the society

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VISION
VISION
MISSION
MISSION

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2 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)
1. Fundamentals

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To provide students with a solid foundation in Mathematics, Science and fundamentals of engineering, enabling
them to apply, to find solutions for engineering problems and use this knowledge to acquire higher education
2. Core Competence
To train the students in Computer science and engineering technologies so that they apply their knowledge and
training to compare, and to analyze various engineering industrial problems to find solutions

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3. Breadth
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice this enables them to
find solutions for the real time problems in industry, and to design products
4. Professionalism
To inculcate professional and effective communication skills, leadership qualities and team spirit in the students

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to make them multi-faceted personalities and develop their ability to relate engineering issues to broader social
context
5. Lifelong Learning/Ethics
To demonstrate and practice ethical and professional responsibilities in the industry and society in the large,
through commitment and lifelong learning needed for successful professional career

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4

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PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)
a) To demonstrate and apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Electronics and Communication Engineering field
b) To design a component, a system or a process to meet the specific needs within the realistic constraints

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such as economics, environment, ethics, health, safety and manufacturability
c) To demonstrate the competency to use software tools for computation, simulation and testing of electronics and
communication engineering circuits
d) To identify, formulate and solve electronic and communication engineering problems
e) To demonstrate an ability to visualize and work on laboratory and multidisciplinary tasks

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f) To function as a member or a leader in multidisciplinary activities
g) To communicate in verbal and written form with fellow engineers and society at large
h) To understand the impact of Electronics and Communication Engineering in the society and demonstrate awareness
of contemporary issues and commitment to give solutions exhibiting social responsibility
i) To demonstrate professional & ethical responsibilities

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j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To participate and succeed in competitive exams

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5 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

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SYLLABUS
Learn the working of ARM processor
Understand the Building Blocks of Embedded Systems
Learn the concept of memory map and memory interface
Know the characteristics of Real Time Systems

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Write programs to interface memory, I/Os with processor
Study the interrupt performance
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
GRID COMPUTING LAB
Use Globus Toolkit or equivalent and do the following:

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1. Develop a new Web Service for Calculator.
2. Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service.
3. Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service.
4. Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs
5. Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus Toolkit.

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6. Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it with and without
GRAM concept.

CLOUD COMPUTING LAB
Use Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent to set up the cloud and demonstrate.

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1. Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines
COURSE OBJECTIVES


6 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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can be utilized at particular time.
2. Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even
after the release of the virtual machine.
3. Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program.

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4. Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other.
5. Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it.
6. Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster.
7. Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE.
8. Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it.

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9. Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits.
? Design and implement applications on the Grid.
? Design and Implement applications on the Cloud.
? Design network objects by applying the networking concepts.
? Create virtualization concept.

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? Design web based applications.
? Apply cloud tools for resource allocation.
? Apply grid tools for network translation.
? Design private cloud using open stack.
COURSE OUTCOMES

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7


CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

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CONTENTS
Sl. No. Name of the Experiment Page No.
CYCLE 1 ? EXPERIMENTS ( GRID COMPUTING)
1
Develop a new Web Service for Calculator 7

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2
Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service 16
3
Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service 19
4

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Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs 22
5
Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus
Toolkit
25

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6
Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it
with and without GRAM concept
27
CYCLE 2 ? EXPERIMENTS (CLOUD COMPUTING)

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1
Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how
many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
34
2

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Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it
holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
36
3 Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program 39
4

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Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to
the other
42
5 Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it 45
6 Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster 47

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7 Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE
ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS
1 Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it 52
2 Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks 55

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8 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO GRID COMPUTING


GRID TECHNOLOGY

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? Flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and
resource
? Grid architecture
? Defined using services and protocols

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? Using the ?sand hourglass? model similar to the TCP/IP protocol stack

"A computational grid is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides dependable, consistent, pervasive and
inexpensive access to high-end computational capabilities."
Grid computing makes it possible to dynamically share and coordinate dispersed, heterogeneous computing

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resources. Flexibility and ubiquity are essential characteristics of Web services technologies such as WSDL (Web
Services Description Language), SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), and UDDI (Universal Description,
Discovery, and Integration).
The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) combines technologies to unlock and exploit grid-attached resources.
OGSA defines mechanisms to create, manage, and exchange information between Grid Services, a special type of

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Web service. The architecture uses WSDL extensively to describe the structure and behavior of a service. Service
descriptions are located and discovered using Web Services Inspection Language (WSIL). By combining elements
from grid computing and Web services technologies, OGSA establishes an extensible and interoperable design and
development framework for Grid Services that includes details for service definition, discovery, and life-cycle
management.

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GLOBUS TOOLKIT

The Globus Toolkit provides software tools to make it easier to build computational grids and grid-based
applications. The Globus Toolkit is both an open architecture and open source toolkit.

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? The Globus Toolkit is a product of the Globus Alliance (http://www.globus.org)
? It is middleware for developing grids
? The current release is 6.0.
? Four key protocols and APIs
? Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI)

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? Grid Resource Allocation & Mgmt (GRAM)
? Grid Resource Information Protocol (GRIP) and Index Information Protocol (GIIP)
? Grid File Transfer Protocol (GridFTP)
? Implementations on many platforms
? Resources, security systems, data models,

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? Various collective layer protocols & tools
? Info services, replica management, etc.
? A basis for many Grid-enabled tools & apps
FTP, SSH, Condor, SRB, MPI, EDG, GridPort,
GLOBUS TOOLKIT? COMPONENTS

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? Security
? GSI ? Grid Security Infrastructure
? Resource Management
? GRAM ? Grid Resource Allocation Manager
o globusrun

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o RSL
o gatekeeper
o job manager
o DUROC ? Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator
? Information Services

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? MDS ? Monitoring and Discovery Service


10 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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o GRIS ? Grid Resource Information Service
o GIIS ? Grid Index Information Service
o MDS Client
? Data Management
o GridFTP, GASS

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The Globus Toolkit latest version 6.0 includes:
GSI: security
GridFTP: file transfer
GRAM: job execution/resource management
MyProxy: credential repository/certificate authority

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GSI-OpenSSH: GSI secure single sign-on remote shell


11 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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GLOBUS TOOLKIT INSTALLATION PROCEDURE
Step1: For installing Globus Toolkit nothing more easy than download the latest package:
http://toolkit.globus.org/ftppub/gt6/installers/repo/globus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
sudodpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Step2: Update the repositories: sudo apt-get update

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Step3: To install Debian or Ubuntu package, download the globus-toolkit-repo package
from the link above and install it with the command:
root@sysa63:/home/#dpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Do the following for Debian-based systems:
root@sysa63:/home/#apt-get install globus-data-management-client

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12 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 01: DEVELOP A NEW WEB SERVICE FOR CALCULATOR

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Aim:
Develop a Web Service for new Calculator
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Our first web service is an extremely simple Math Web Service, which we'll refer to asMathService. It will
2. allow users to perform the following operations:

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a. Addition
b. Subtraction
3. Furthermore, MathService will have the following resource properties (RPs for short):
a. Value (integer)
b. Last operation performed (string)

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4. We will also add a "Get Value" operation to access the Value RP. Once a new resource is created, the
"value" RP is initialized to zero, and the "last operation" RP is initialized to "NONE". The parameter is
added/subtracted to the "value" RP, and the "last operation" RP is changed to "ADDITION" or
"SUBTRACTION" accordingly. Also, the addition and subtraction operations don't return anything.
5. Writing and deploying a WSRF Web Service is easier than you might think. You just have to follow five

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simple steps.
6. Define the service's interface. This is done with WSDL
7. Implement the service. This is done with Java.
8. Define the deployment parameters. This is done with WSDD and JNDI
9. Compile everything and generate a GAR file. This is done with Ant

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10. Deploy service. This is also done with a GT4 tool

Sample Code:

_instance"

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xmlns ="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"
xmlns:tns="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/examples/core/MathService_instance"
xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsrp="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-
ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.xsd" xmlns:wsrpw="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-

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13 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.wsdl"
xmlns:wsdlpp="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/2004/10/WSDLPreprocessor"

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xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">

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Result:

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Thus the program for developing web service for new calculator was successfully executed.



14 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid by using Web Service for new Calculator

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Applications:
To make a calculator in Windows application using web service


1) What is Web Service?

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2) What are the advantages of web services?
3) What are the different types of web services?
4) What is SOAP?
5) What are the advantages of SOAP web services?
6) What are the disadvantages of SOAP web services?

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7) What is WSDL?
8) What is UDDI?
9) What are RESTful web services?
10) What are the advantages of RESTful web services?
11) What is the difference between SOAP and REST web services?

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12) What is SOA service architecture?
13) What tools are used to deploy web services?
14) What is Web Service architecture?
15) What are the advantages of web services in globus toolkit?
16) What are the different types of web services?

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17) What is SOAP web services?
18) What is UDP and TCP?
19) What is stateless SOA?
20) What is data balancing in WSDL?
Viva-voce

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15 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 02: DEVELOP NEW OGSA-COMPLIANT WEB SERVICE

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Aim:
To develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid Service using .NET language.
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

1. Developed by the Global Grid Forum

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2. Aims to define a common, standard, open architecture for Grid Applications.
3. Defines a set of rules that make up a grid service.
4. Sharing and Coordinated use of diverse resources in Dynamic VO's

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Result:
Thus the program for developing OGSA- Complaint web service was successfully executed.

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16 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid
Service using .NET language
Applications:
? Sharing of information among diverse components of large heterogenous grid systems
? WAN

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1. How would you decide what style of Web Service to use? SOAP WS or REST?
2. Does the service expose data or business logic?

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3. Do consumers and the service providers require a formal contract?
4. Do we need to support multiple data formats?
5. Do we need to make AJAX calls?
6. Is the call synchronous or asynchronous?
7. What level of security is required?

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8. What level of transaction support is required?
9. Do we have limited band width?
10. What tools do you use to test your Web Services?
11. What is the difference between SOA and a Web service?
12. What is a microservice architecture (aka MSA)?

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13. What is data integrity?
14. What is cloud infrastructure?


Viva-voce

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17 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 03: USING APACHE AXIS DEVELOP A GRID SERVICE

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Aim:
To develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Creating the New Level in the Package
2. Edit the Configuration Files

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3. Modify the Service Code
4. Modify the Client
5. Compile and Deploy
6. Starting the Container
7. Compile the Client

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8. Run the Client

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18 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:
Addition was successful
Subtraction was successful

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Multiplication was successful
Division was successful
Current value: 20.

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Result:
Thus the program for Grid Service using Apache Axis was successfully executed.

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19 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Applications:
? To create web service in Java

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? To work with Globus Tool kit standards web service


1. What are the different application integration styles?
2. What is Grid Computing?

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3. What is QOS?
4. What are the derivatives of grid computing?
5. What are the features of data grids?
6. What is load balancing?
7. What is grid infrastructure?

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8. Define ? Distributed Computing.
9. Define ? OSGI.
10. Define ? OSGA.
11. What is the use of API?s in cloud services?
12. What is the difference between cloud and grid?

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13. What is data communication?
14. What are the elements of data communication?

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Viva-voce

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20 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 04: DEVELOP APPLICATIONS USING JAVA OR C/C++ GRID
APIS
Aim:

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To develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
1. Import all the necessary java packages and name the file as GridLayoutDemo.java
2. Set up components to preferred size
3. Add buttons to experiment with Grid Layout
4. Add controls to set up horizontal and vertical gaps

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5. Process the Apply gaps button press
6. Create the GUI
7. Create and set up the window,Set up the content pane and Display the Window
8. Schedule a job for the event dispatch thread
9. Show the application's GUI

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21 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00



Sample Output:

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Figure 1: Horizontal, Left-to-Right Figure 2: Horizontal, Right-to-Left

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Result:
Thus the program to develop an application in java using Grid APIs was successfully executed.

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22 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Applications:
Used for defining a application programme interface for common distributes computing functionality

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1) Describe the two most important advantages of using Distributed/Grid Computing.
2) What is the main function of DNS?
3) Briefly outline two applications of Public Key systems.

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4) Provide one major difference between synchronous and asynchronous communication.
5) Provide one major difference between ASCII and Unicode encodings.
6) Provide two major differences between sequential computing and parallel computing.
7) Write the any three Grid Applications.
8) Give the examples of Hardware service provider.

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9) Give the example of software application ASP.
10) What are grid portals? Give example.
11) What are the high level services including in existing globus tool kit?
12) Name the components available in Nimrod architecture?
13) What are the major objectives of Euro grid project?

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14) What is the application specific work packages identified for the Euro grid?
15) Define dynamic accounting system.

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Viva-voce


23 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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EX.NO. 05: DEVELOP SECURED APPLICATIONS USING BASIC
SECURITY MECHANISMS AVAILABLE IN GLOBUS TOOLKIT.
Aim:
To develop a secured applications using a basic security mechanisms available in Globus toolkit

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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The Globus Toolkit incorporates multiple security components that establish the identity of users or services
(authentication), protect communications, and determine who is allowed to perform what actions (authorization), as
well as manage user credentials.
? GSI C: The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and
certificate management.

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? MyProxy: MyProxy is open source software for managing X.509 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) security
credentials (certificates and private keys).
? GSI-OpenSSH: GSI-OpenSSH is a modified version of OpenSSH that adds support for X.509 proxy
certificate authentication and delegation, providing a single sign-on remote login and file transfer service.
The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and certificate

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management. The authentication API is built using Public KeyInfrastructure (PKI) technologies, e.g. X.509
Certificates and TLS. In addition to authentication it features a delegation mechanism based upon X.509 Proxy
Certificates. Authorization support takes the form of a couple of APIs. The first provides a generic authorization API
that allows callouts to perform access control based on the client's credentials (i.e. the X.509 certificate chain). The
second provides a simple access control list that maps authorized remote entities to local (system) user names. The

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second mechanism also provides callouts that allow third parties to override the default behavior and is currently
used in the Gatekeeper and GridFTP servers. In addition to the above there are various lower level APIs and tools
for managing, discovering and querying certificates.
Components for Grid Security
1. Basic Security Mechanisms

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2. Components for Credential Generation
3. Components for Credential Management


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Beyond verifying the identities of users and services, basic Grid security mechanisms leave access control decisions
to services. The Grid community has developed authorization and access control tools for storing and providing
access to system-wide authorization information and for creating a central data store for supporting decentralized
control mechanisms.

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Basic Security Mechanisms
? Pre-Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A non-Web services implementation of the Grid
Security Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI
mechanisms
? Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A Web services implementation of the Grid Security

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Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI mechanisms

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Result:
Thus the program to develop a security application available in Globus toolkit was successfully executed.
Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a secured applications using a basic security
mechanisms available in Globus toolkit

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25 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Applications:
To provide easy acces to best breed open source network security

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1. What are the collective services available in grid computing?
2. What are the basic principles of autonomous computing?
3. What are the four essential characteristics of on demand business?

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4. What are the essential capabilities provided by on demand business?
5. What are the two most important technologies for building semantic webs?
6. Define Peer to Peer computing?
7. What is the combination of Globus GT3 toolkit?
8. What is a GT3 core?

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9. What are the components available in service model?
10. Define WS-Trust
11. Define WS ?Federation
12. Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
13. Who are the actors in CDC?

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14. Mention the scenarios in CDC?
15. What are the functional requirements of CDC on OGSA?

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Viva-voce


26 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 06: DEVELOP A GRID PORTAL, WHERE USER CAN SUBMIT
A JOB AND GET THE RESULT, IMPLEMENT IT WITH AND WITHOUT
GRAM CONCEPT.
Aim:

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To develop a Grid portal and implement it with and without GRAM concept
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
Multiple times that the likely user interface to grid applications will be through portals, specifically Web portals. A grid
portal may be constructed as a Web page interface to provide easy access to grid applications. The Web user
interface provides user authentication, job submission, job monitoring, and results of the job.

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Globus Resource Allocation Manager (GRAM)
When a job is submitted by a client, the request is sent to the remote host and handled by a gatekeeper daemon.
The gatekeeper creates a job manager to start and monitor the job. When the job is finished, the job manager
sends the status information back to the client and terminates.
The GRAM subsystem consists of the following elements:

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? The globusrun command and associated APIs Resource Specification Language (RSL)
? The gatekeeper daemon The job manager Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator (DUROC)
Each of these elements are described briefly below.
The globusrun command
The globusrun command (or its equivalent API) submits a job to a resource within the grid. This command

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is typically passed an RSL string (see below) that specifies parameters and other properties required to successfully
launch and run the job


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Resource Specification Language (RSL)
RSL is a language used by clients to specify the job to be run. All job submission requests are described in an RSL
string that includes information such as the executable file; its parameters; information about redirection of stdin,
stdout, and stderr; and so on. Basically it provides a standard way of specifying all of the information required to

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execute a job, independent of the target environment. It is then the responsibility of the job manager on the target
system to parse the information and launch the job in the appropriate way.
The syntax of RSL is very straightforward. Each statement is enclosed within parenthesis. Comments are
designated with parenthesis and asterisks, for example, (* this is a comment *). Supported attributes include the
following:

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rsl_substitution: Defines variables
executable: The script or command to be run
arguments: Information or flags to be passed to the executable
stdin: Specifies the remote URL and local file used for the executable stdout: Specifies the remote file to place
standard output from the job stderr: Specifies the remote file to place standard error from the job queue: Specifies the

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queue to submit the job (requires a scheduler) count: Specifies the number of executions
directory: Specifies the directory to run the job
project: Specifies a project account for the job (requires a scheduler) dryRun: Verifies the RSL string but
does not run the job
maxMemory: Specifies the maximum amount of memory in MBs required for the job

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minMemory: Specifies the minimum amount of memory in MBs required for the job
hostCount: Specifies the number of nodes in a cluster required for the job environment: Specifies environment
variables that are required for the job
jobType: Specifies the type of job single process, multi-process, mpi, or condor
maxTime: Specifies the maximum execution wall or cpu time for one execution

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maxWallTime: Specifies the maximum walltime for one execution maxCpuTime: Specifies the maximum
cpu time for one execution
gramMyjob: Specifies the whether the gram myjob interface starts one process/thread (independent) or more
(collective)

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Result:
Thus the program to develop Grid Portal was successfully executed.

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29 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid portal and implement it with and
without GRAM concept
Application:

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? It is useful and necessary for interfaces for the performance of operations on the Grid. The Grid
Portal Development Kit (GPDK) facilitates the development of Grid portals and provides several key
reusable components for accessing various Grid services.
? A Grid Portal provides a customizable interface allowing scientists to perform a variety of Grid
operations including remote program submission, file staging, and querying of information services

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from a single, secure gateway.
? The Grid Portal Development Kit leverages off existing Globus/Grid middleware infrastructure as
well as commodity web technology including Java Server Pages and servlets .

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1) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?
2) What are the major goals of OGSA?
3) What are the more specific goals of OGSA?
4) What are the main purposes of use case defined by OGSA?

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5) Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
6) What are the layers available in OGSA architectural organizations?
7) What are the OGSA basic services?
8) What are the two aspects involved in GRAM?
9) What are the two kinds of lifecycle model associated with state data recovery?

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10) What is a GT3 core?
11) What are the major components of default server side framework?
12) What is Grid container?
13) What are the two levels of security available in GT3?
14) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?

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15) What are the two different message-level authentication mechanisms provided by GT3 framework?
16) What are the most common GT3 security handlers?
Viva-voce

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30 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

INTRODUCTION TO CLOUD COMPUTING

What is cloud computing?

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Cloud computing means that instead of all the computer hardware and software you're using sitting on your
desktop, or somewhere inside your company's network, it's provided for you as a service by another company and
accessed over the Internet, usually in a completely seamless way. Exactly where the hardware and software is
located and how it all works doesn't matter to you, the user?it's just somewhere up in the nebulous "cloud" that the
Internet represents.

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Cloud computing is a buzzword that means different things to different people. For some, it's just another way of
describing IT (information technology) "outsourcing"; others use it to mean any computing service provided over the
Internet or a similar network; and some define it as any bought-in computer service you use that sits outside your
firewall.
Types of cloud computing

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IT people talk about three different kinds of cloud computing, where different services are being provided for you.
Note that there's a certain amount of vagueness about how these things are defined and some overlap between
them.
? Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) means you're buying access to raw computing hardware over the Net,
such as servers or storage. Since you buy what you need and pay-as-you-go, this is often referred to as

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utility computing. Ordinary web hosting is a simple example of IaaS: you pay a monthly subscription or a
per-megabyte/gigabyte fee to have a hosting company serve up files for your website from their servers.
? Software as a Service (SaaS) means you use a complete application running on someone else's system.
Web-based email and Google Documents are perhaps the best-known examples. Zoho is another well-
known SaaS provider offering a variety of office applications online.

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? Platform as a Service (PaaS) means you develop applications using Web-based tools so they run on
systems software and hardware provided by another company. So, for example, you might develop your
own ecommerce website but have the whole thing, including the shopping cart, checkout, and payment
mechanism running on a merchant's server. App Cloud (from salesforce.com) and the Google App Engine
are examples of PaaS.

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Advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing
Advantages
The pros of cloud computing are obvious and compelling. If your business is selling books or repairing shoes,
why get involved in the nitty gritty of buying and maintaining a complex computer system? If you run an insurance
office, do you really want your sales agents wasting time running anti-virus software, upgrading word-processors, or

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worrying about hard-drive crashes? Do you really want them cluttering your expensive computers with their personal


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emails, illegally shared MP3 files, and naughty YouTube videos?when you could leave that responsibility to
someone else? Cloud computing allows you to buy in only the services you want, when you want them, cutting the
upfront capital costs of computers and peripherals. You avoid equipment going out of date and other familiar IT
problems like ensuring system security and reliability. You can add extra services (or take them away) at a moment's
notice as your business needs change. It's really quick and easy to add new applications or services to your

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business without waiting weeks or months for the new computer (and its software) to arrive.
Drawbacks
Instant convenience comes at a price. Instead of purchasing computers and software, cloud computing means you
buy services, so one-off, upfront capital costs become ongoing operating costs instead. That might work out much
more expensive in the long-term.

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If you're using software as a service (for example, writing a report using an online word processor or sending emails
through webmail), you need a reliable, high-speed, broadband Internet connection functioning the whole time you're
working. That's something we take for granted in countries such as the United States, but it's much more of an issue
in developing countries or rural areas where broadband is unavailable.
An Introduction to Cloud Computing with OpenNebula

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An OpenNebula Private Cloud provides infrastructure users with an elastic platform for fast delivery and scalability of
services to meet dynamic demands of service end-users. Services are hosted in VMs, and then submitted,
monitored and controlled in the Cloud by using Sunstone or any of the OpenNebula interfaces:
? Command Line Interface (CLI)
? XML-RPC API

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? OpenNebulaRuby and Java Cloud APIs
The aim of a Private Cloud is not to expose to the world a cloud interface to sell capacity over the Internet, but to
provide local cloud users and administrators with a flexible and agile private infrastructure to run virtualized service
workloads within the administrative domain. OpenNebula virtual infrastructure interfaces expose user and
administrator functionality for virtualization, networking, image and physical resource configuration, management,

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monitoring and accounting.

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Expt.No.1: FIND PROCEDURE TO RUN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE OF
DIFFERENT CONFIGURATION. CHECK HOW MANY VIRTUAL
MACHINES CAN BE UTILIZED AT PARTICULAR TIME.

Aim:

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To Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be
utilized at particular time
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

Creating Virtual Machines
In OpenNebula the Virtual Machines are defined with Template files. The Template Repository system allows

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OpenNebula administrators and users to register Virtual Machine definitions in the system, to be instantiated later as
Virtual Machine instances. These Templates can be instantiated several times, and also shared with other users.
Virtual Machine Model
A Virtual Machine within the OpenNebula system consists of:
? A capacity in terms memory and CPU

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? A set of NICs attached to one or more virtual networks
? A set of disk images
? A state file (optional) or recovery file, that contains the memory image of a running VM plus some hypervisor
specific information.
The above items, plus some additional VM attributes like the OS kernel and context information to be used inside the

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VM, are specified in a template file.
Defining a VM in 3 Steps
Virtual Machines are defined in an OpenNebula Template. Templates are stored in a repository to easily browse and
instantiate VMs from them. To create a new Template you have to define 3 things

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? Capacity & Name, how big will the VM be?
Attribute Description Mandatory Default

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NAME Name that the VM will get for description purposes. Yes one-
MEMORY Amount of RAM required for the VM, in Megabytes. Yes
CPU CPU ratio (e..g half a physical CPU is 0.5). Yes
VCPU Number of virtual cpus. No 1
Disks. Each disk is defined with a DISK attribute. A VM can use three types of disk:

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? Use a persistent Image changes to the disk image will persist after the VM is shutdown.
? Use a non-persistent Image images are cloned, changes to the image will be lost.
? Volatile disks are created on the fly on the target host. After the VM is shutdown the disk is disposed.

Persistent and Clone Disks

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Attribute Description Mandatory Default
IMAGE_ID and IMAGE The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes
IMAGE_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No self
IMAGE_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No self
Volatile

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Attribute Description Mandatory Default
TYPE
Type of the disk: swap, fs. swap type will set the label to swap so it is
easier to mount and the context packages will automatically mount it.
Yes

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SIZE size in MB Yes
FORMAT
filesystem for fs images: ext2, ext3, etc. raw will not format the image. For
VMs to run on vmfs or vmwareshared configurations, the valid values are:
Yes

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Attribute Description Mandatory Default

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vmdk_thin, vmdk_zeroedthick, vmdk_eagerzeroedthick

Network Interfaces. Each network interface of a VM is defined with the NIC attribute.
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
NETWORK_ID and NETWORK The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes

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NETWORK_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No Self
NETWORK_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No Self

The following example shows a VM Template file with a couple of disks and a network interface, also a VNC section
was added.

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NAME = test-vm
MEMORY = 128
CPU = 1

DISK = [ IMAGE = "Arch Linux" ]

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DISK = [ TYPE = swap,
SIZE = 1024 ]

NIC = [ NETWORK = "Public", NETWORK_UNAME="oneadmin" ]

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GRAPHICS = [
TYPE = "vnc",
LISTEN = "0.0.0.0"]
Simple templates can be also created using the command line instead of creating a template file. The parameters to
do this for onetemplate are:

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Parameter

Description
--namename Name for the VM

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--cpucpu CPU percentage reserved for the VM (1=100% one CPU)


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Parameter

Description
--vcpuvcpu Number of virtualized CPUs

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--archarch Architecture of the VM, e.g.: i386 or x86_64
--memorymemory Memory ammount given to the VM
--diskdisk0,disk1 Disks to attach. To use a disk owned by other user use user[disk]
--nicvnet0,vnet1 Networks to attach. To use a network owned by other user use user[network]
--rawstring

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Raw string to add to the template. Not to be confused with the RAW attribute. If you want
to provide more than one element, just include an enter inside quotes, instead of using
more than one -raw option
--vnc Add VNC server to the VM
--ssh[file]

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Add an ssh public key to the context. If the file is omited then the user variable
SSH_PUBLIC_KEY will be used.
--net_context Add network contextualization parameters
--contextline1,line2 * Lines to add to the context section
--bootdevice Select boot device (hd, fd, cdrom or network)

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A similar template as the previous example can be created with the following command:
$ onetemplate create --name test-vm --memory 128 --cpu 1 --disk "Arch Linux" --nic Public
Managing Virtual Machines
Assuming we have a VM Template registered called vm-example with ID 6, then we can instantiate the VM issuing
a:

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$ onetemplate list

ID USER GROUP NAME REGTIME
6 oneadminoneadminvm_example 09/28 06:44:07

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$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm


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VM ID: 0
If the template has USER INPUTSdefined the CLI will prompt the user for these values:
$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm

There are some parameters that require user input.

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* (BLOG_TITLE) Blog Title:
* (DB_PASSWORD) Database Password:
VM ID: 0
Afterwards, the VM can be listed with the onevmlist command. You can also use the onevmtop command to list VMs

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continuously.
$ onevm list

ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME
0 oneadminoneadminmy_vm pend 0 0K 00 00:00:03

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After a Scheduling cycle, the VM will be automatically deployed. But the deployment can also be forced by oneadmin
using onevmdeploy:
$ onehost list

ID NAME RVM TCPU FCPU ACPU TMEM FMEM AMEM STAT

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2 testbed 0 800 800 800 16G 16G16G on
$ onevm deploy 0 2

$ onevm list

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ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME
0 oneadminoneadminmy_vmrunn 0 0K testbed 00 00:02:40

$ onevm show 0
VIRTUAL MACHINE 0 INFORMATION

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ID :0
NAME : my_vm
USER : oneadmin
GROUP : oneadmin

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37 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

STATE : ACTIVE
LCM_STATE : RUNNING

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START TIME : 04/14 09:00:24
END TIME : -
DEPLOY ID: : one-0
PERMISSIONS
OWNER : um-

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GROUP : ---
OTHER : ---
VIRTUAL MACHINE MONITORING
NET_TX : 13.05
NET_RX : 0

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USED MEMORY : 512
USED CPU : 0
VIRTUAL MACHINE TEMPLATE
VIRTUAL MACHINE HISTORY

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SEQ HOSTNAME REASON START TIME PTIME

0 testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00
testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00

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38 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:

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Thus the program to run virtual machines on different configuration was successfully executed & its utilization time is
checked in various machines.


39 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find procedure to run the virtual machine of different

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Configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
Applications:
? An advantage of virtualizing the workload?s I/O path enables hardware independence by
abstracting vendor specific drivers to more generalized versions that run on the hypervisor.
? It allows the live migration, which is one of virtualization?s greatest availability strengths

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? The sharing of aggregate resources, such as network paths



1. What is cloud computing?

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2. What are the benefits of cloud computing?
3. What are the different data types used in cloud computing?
4. What are the different layers in cloud computing?
5. What do you mean by software as a service?
6. What is on-demand functionality? How is it provided in cloud computing?

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7. What are the platforms used for large scale cloud computing?
8. What are the different models for deployment in cloud computing?
9. What is the difference between cloud computing and mobile computing?
10. What are the open source cloud computing platform databases?
11. What is the difference between cloud and traditional datacenters?

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12. Why API's is used in cloud services?
13. What are the different datacenters in cloud computing?
14. Define API in data virtualization?
15. List of API in cloud?
Viva-voce

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40 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No.02: FIND PROCEDURE TO ATTACH VIRTUAL BLOCK TO

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THE VIRTUAL MACHINE AND CHECK WHETHER IT HOLDS THE
DATA EVEN AFTER THE RELEASE OF THE VIRTUAL MACHINE.
Aim:
To find a procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even after the
release of the virtual machine

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos

Procedure:
VirtualBox uses a special kernel module called vboxdrv to perform physical memory allocation and to gain control of
the processor for guest system execution. Without this kernel module, you can still use the VirtualBox manager to

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configure virtual machines, but they will not start. In addition, there are the network kernel modules vboxnetflt and
vboxnetadp which are required for the more advanced networking features of VirtualBox.
The VirtualBox kernel module is automatically installed on your system when you install VirtualBox. To
maintain it with future kernel updates, for those Linux distributions which provide it -- most current ones -- we
recommend installing Dynamic Kernel Module Support (DKMS). This framework helps with building and upgrading

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kernel modules.
If DKMS is not already installed, execute one of the following:
On an Ubuntu system:
sudo apt-get install dkms
If DKMS is available and installed, the VirtualBox kernel module should always work automatically, and it will be

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automatically rebuilt if your host kernel is updated.
Otherwise, there are only two situations in which you will need to worry about the kernel module:
1. The original installation fails. This probably means that your Linux system is not prepared for building
external kernel modules.

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41 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Most Linux distributions can be set up simply by installing the right packages - normally, these will be the
GNU compiler (GCC), GNU Make (make) and packages containing header files for your kernel - and making

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sure that all system updates are installed and that the system is running the most up-to-date kernel included
in the distribution. The version numbers of the header file packages must be the same as that of the kernel
you are using.
? With Debian and Ubuntu releases, you must install the right version of the linux-headers and if it exists
the linux-kbuild package. Current Ubuntu releases should have the right packages installed by default.

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? In even older Debian and Ubuntu releases, you must install the right version of the kernel-headers
package.
? On Fedora and Redhat systems, the package is kernel-devel.
? On SUSE and openSUSE Linux, you must install the right versions of the kernel-source and kernel-syms
packages.

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? If you have built your own kernel, you will need to make sure that you also installed all the required
header and other files for building external modules to the right locations. The details of how to do
this will depend on how you built your kernel, and if you are unsure you should consult the
documentation which you followed to do so.
2. The kernel of your Linux host was updated and DKMS is not installed. In that case, the kernel module will

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need to be reinstalled by executing (as root):
rcvboxdrv setup
Performing the installation
VirtualBox is available in a number of package formats native to various common Linux distributions. In addition,
there is an alternative generic installer (.run) which should work on most Linux distributions.

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Installing VirtualBox from a Debian/Ubuntu package
First, download the appropriate package for your distribution. The following examples assume that you are installing
to a 32-bit Ubuntu Wily system. Use dpkg to install the Debian package:
sudodpkg -i virtualbox-5.0_5.0.20_Ubuntu_wily_i386.deb
The installer will also try to build kernel modules suitable for the current running kernel. If the build process is not

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successful you will be shown a warning and the package will be left unconfigured. Please have a look at /var/log/vbox-
install.log to find out why the compilation failed. You may have to install the appropriate Linux kernel After correcting
any problems, do

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42 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

sudorcvboxdrv setup
This will start a second attempt to build the module.
If a suitable kernel module was found in the package or the module was successfully built, the installation script will

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attempt to load that module.
Once VirtualBox has been successfully installed and configured, you can start it by selecting "VirtualBox" in your
start menu or from the command line.
Using the alternative installer (VirtualBox.run)
The alternative installer performs the following steps:

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? It unpacks the application files to the target directory,
/opt/VirtualBox/
which cannot be changed.
? It builds the VirtualBox kernel modules (vboxdrv, vboxnetflt and vboxnetadp) and installs them.
? It creates /sbin/rcvboxdrv, an init script to start the VirtualBox kernel module.

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? It creates a new system group called vboxusers.
? It creates symbolic links in /usr/bin to the a shell script (/opt/VirtualBox/VBox) which does some sanity checks
and dispatches to the actual executables, VirtualBox, VBoxSDL, VBoxVRDP, VBoxHeadless and VBoxManage
? It creates /etc/udev/rules.d/60-vboxdrv.rules, a description file for udev, if that is present, which makes the USB
devices accessible to all users in the vboxusers group.

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? It writes the installation directory to /etc/vbox/vbox.cfg.
The installer must be executed as root with either install or uninstall as the first parameter.
sudo ./VirtualBox.run install
Or if you do not have the "sudo" command available, run the following as root instead:
./VirtualBox.run install

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43 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

After that you need to put every user which should be able to access USB devices from VirtualBox guests in the

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group vboxusers, either through the GUI user management tools or by running the following command as root:
sudousermod -a -G vboxusers username
Performing a manual installation
If, for any reason, you cannot use the shell script installer described previously, you can also perform a manual
installation. Invoke the installer like this:

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./VirtualBox.run --keep --noexec
This will unpack all the files needed for installation in the directory install under the current directory. The VirtualBox
application files are contained in VirtualBox.tar.bz2 which you can unpack to any directory on your system. For
example:
sudomkdir /opt/VirtualBox

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sudo tar jxf ./install/VirtualBox.tar.bz2 -C /opt/VirtualBox
or as root:
mkdir /opt/VirtualBox
tarjxf ./install/VirtualBox.tar.bz2 -C /opt/VirtualBox
The sources for VirtualBox's kernel module are provided in the src directory. To build the module, change to the

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directory and issuemake
If everything builds correctly, issue the following command to install the module to the appropriate module directory:
sudo make install
In case you do not have sudo, switch the user account to root and performmake install
The VirtualBox kernel module needs a device node to operate. The above make command will tell you how to create

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the device node, depending on your Linux system. The procedure is slightly different for a classical Linux setup with
a /dev directory, a system with the now deprecated devfs and a modern Linux system with udev.
Note that the /dev/vboxdrv kernel module device node must be owned by root:root and must be read/writable only for
the user.Next, you will have to install the system initialization script for the kernel module:
cp /opt/VirtualBox/vboxdrv.sh /sbin/rcvboxdrv

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mkdir /etc/vbox
echo INSTALL_DIR=/opt/VirtualBox> /etc/vbox/vbox.cfg


44 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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and, for convenience, create the following symbolic links:
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VirtualBox
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxManage
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxHeadless

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ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxSDL

Sample Output:

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Result:
Thus the program to attach virtual block to virtual machine was successfully executed & checked whether it holds the

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data after the release of the virtual machine.


45 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find a procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual
machine and check whether it holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine

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Application:
? To support the Cloud Computing with the Virtual Block Store System. The fast development of cloud
computing systems stimulates the needs for a standalone block storage system to provide persistent
block storage services to virtual machines maintained by clouds.

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1. What is Type-1 and Type-2 hypervisor?
2. What is the use of virsh command?
3. Explain how you can transfer volume from one owner to another in Open Stack?

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4. Discuss about KVM Features?
5. What is Virtual block?
6. What is Virtualization?
7. What are virtual clusters?
8. How virtualization happens in data center?

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9. List some of the open source grid middleware packages.
10. What is a programming model?
11. What is Hadoop?
12. What are map and reduce functions?
13. How to run a job in hadoop?

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14. What is HDFS?
15. What are the open source grid middleware packages?
16. What is peer to peer computing?
17. What are node clusters?
18. How virtual migration happens in data center?

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Viva-voce


46 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No.03: INSTALL A C COMPILER IN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE AND
EXECUTE A SAMPLE PROGRAM.
Aim:
To Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Create a VM and Install any OS on it.

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2.Install a C compiler on OS
3.Open a Editor and type the sample program and Save.
4.Compile and run the Program
Example:
C programming on Linux based Environement

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1. Open Terminal (Applications-Accessories-Terminal)
2. Open gedit by typing ?gedit&? on terminal(You can also use any other Text Editor application)
3. Type the following on gedit
(or any other text editor)

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#include
main()
{
printf("Hello World\n");
}

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Save this file as
?helloworld. C?
5. Type ?ls? on Terminal to see all files under current folder
6. Confirm that ?helloworld.c? is in the current directory.
If not, type cd DIRECTORY_PATH to go to the

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directory that has ?helloworld.c?
7. Type ?gcchelloworld.c? to compile, and type ?ls? to
confirm that a new executable file ?a.out? is created
8. Type ?./a.out? on Terminal to run the program

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47 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to install a C complier is done and the sample program was executed successfully.

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48 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and
execute a sample program
Application:
The application of installing a C compiler in the virtual machine benefits to have a portable executable, for

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each platform.

1. What is the difference between Xen & KVM ?
2. What are different hypervisors available in Linux ?
3. Which command is used to list all virtual machine running on the KVM hypervisor ?

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4. What are the different states of a VM in Xen hypervisor ?
5. How to forcefully shutdown the KVM based virtual machine from the command line ?
6. What is virtual Machine?
7. What is Compiler?
8. What is Directory?

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9. List the C Compilers available?
10. What is virtualization?
11. List out VM operations
12. What are different hypervisors available in windows?
13. How to implement applications on the cloud to install C compiler?

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14. What are grid and cloud tools available?
15. What is hypervisor?
Viva-voce

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49 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No.04: SHOW THE VIRTUAL MACHINE MIGRATION BASED ON
THE CERTAIN CONDITION FROM ONE NODE TO THE OTHER.

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Aim:
To Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other

Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

Procedure:
1.Update source and target virtual machines to latest package versions

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To help ensure that platform images between cloud providers are running the same version of key operating system
packages, update these packages to the latest versions on both source and target virtual machines.
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
2. Install rsync and screen packages on source and target virtual machines

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The migration of application packages and files in this process will use rsync over ssh between source and target
virtual machines. The actual transfer of files between virtual machines can take some time, so I also recommend
using screen so that you can easily re-attach to an in-progress migration session if you are inadvertently
disconnected.
Ensure that rsync and screen packages are installed on both the source and target virtual machines with these

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commands:
sudo apt-get install rsync
sudo apt-get install screen
3. Add a consistent user account to both source and target virtual machines
To facilitate the migration process, ensure that you have a consistent user account configured on both source and

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target virtual machines with sudo enabled. The newly provisioned target virtual machines from Task 3 already


50 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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include a user named azureuser with sudo enabled. To configure this same user on each source virtual machine,
use the following commands:
sudogroupadd -g 500 azureuser
sudouseradd -u 500 -g 500 -m -s /bin/bash azureuser
sudopasswdazureuser

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4. Start a screen session for the migration
On the source virtual machine, enter a new screen session for the migration by using the following command:
sudo screen -S AzureMigration
If you are disconnected from the source virtual machine during the migration process, you can reconnect to the
detached screen session by using the following command after signing in again to the source virtual machine:

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sudo screen -r
5. Build an exclusion list of directories and files
During the migration, we want to be careful to skip any files that include configuration information relating to the
identity of the source virtual machines, such as IP addresses, hostnames, ssh keys, etc. For the Ubuntu-based
virtual machines that we migrated, we used the following commands on each source virtual machine to build our

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list of directories and files to exclude from the migration process:
EXCLUDEFILE=/tmp/exclude.file
EXCLUDELIST='/boot /etc/fstab /etc/hostname /etc/issue /etc/hosts
/etc/sudoers /etc/networks /etc/network/* /etc/resolv.conf
/etc/ssh/* /etc/sysctl.conf /etc/mtab /etc/udev/rules.d/*

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/lock /net /tmp'
EXCLUDEPATH=$(echo $EXCLUDELIST | sed 's/\ /\\n/g')
echo -e $EXCLUDEPATH > $EXCLUDEFILE
find / -name '*cloud-init*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE
find / -name '*cloud-config*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE

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find / -name '*cloud-final*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE


51 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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The actual list of directories and files that you exclude may vary from this list, based on the Linux distro version,
packages and applications that you are migrating.
Credits: Kudos to Kevin Carter who wrote a great article a couple years ago that provided a useful starting point for
building a list of directories and files to consider excluding as part of a Linux-to-Linux migration process!
6. Stop applications during migration

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To minimize application data changes from occurring during the migration process, stop the related applications and
daemons on the source virtual machines. The application that we migrated was a web application built using
Apache2, so we simply stopped the related Apache2 daemon.
sudo service stop apache2
7. Migrate the application files and data

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From each source virtual machine, migrate application files and data using two rsync passes over ssh. The first
pass performs the bulk of the data transfer, whereas the second pass uses checksums to confirm that all files were
transferred successfully.
TARGETVM="insert_target_vm_public_ip_address"
rsync -e "ssh" -rlpEAXogDtSzh -P -x ?exclude-from="$EXCLUDEFILE" ?rsync-path="sudorsync" ?

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verbose ?progress / azureuser@$TARGETVM:/
rsync -e "ssh" -crlpEAXogDtSzh -P -x ?exclude-from="$EXCLUDEFILE" ?rsync-path="sudorsync" ?
verbose ?progress / azureuser@$TARGETVM:/
8. Restart each target virtual machine
After both rsync passes have completed, restart each target virtual machine to complete the migration

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process.
sshazureuser@$TARGETVM
shutdown -r now

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52 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:

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Thus the program to implement migration of virtual machine was executed successfully.


53 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to Show the virtual machine migration based on the
certain condition from one node to the other

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Application:
? Its easier to migrate a Virtual Machine from one server to another, than migrating the operating
system and application(s) individually.
? Using Virtual Machine Migration, its possible to migrate operating systems and applications from
older servers to newer servers easily and without disrupting the services.

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1. What are the basic requirements of VM live migration in KVM?
2. Which command is used in KVM for VMs live migration?
3. How to get hardware information of KVM guest machine?
4. What is VM migration?

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5. Which type of virtualization is also characteristic of cloud computing ?
6. Which virtualization standard does the WebSphere Application Server Hypervisor Edition use?
7.Which three tools are included in the IBM Rational Jazz Collaborative Application Lifecycle
Management (C/ALM) solution?
8. What are two ways a public cloud helps customers reduce their IT costs?

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9.What functionality is provided by the IBM Security Network Intrusion Prevention System Virtual
Appliance for a cloud environment?
10. What are two important benefits of using cloud computing?
11. What is the value of IBM Security Information and Event Manager in a cloud provider environment?
12. What is the main purpose of an IBM CloudBurst solution?

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Viva-voce


54 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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EX.NO.5: PROCEDURE TO INSTALL STORAGE CONTROLLER AND
INTERACT WITH IT.
Aim:
Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:

To install Storage Control, follow these steps.
Ensure that Systems Director 6.3 is installed and running.

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Ensure that you are logged in to Systems Director with a user ID that has administrative privileges.
Windows only: Restart the DB2 Management server.
a) Go to Start >Administrative Tools >Services.
b) Select DB2 Management Service from the services window and restart it.
If you want to download and install Storage Control, go to step 5. If you want to install Storage Control from read-

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only media, such as a CD or mounted .iso image, go to step 8.
From the Systems Director summary page, click the link Try Storage Control in the upper right corner.
A download page opens. Download the appropriate file for your operating system.
7.Extract the files to the directory where you want to install Storage Control, then go to step 9.
8. Copy the Storage Control installer directory from the CD or the mounted .iso image into a temporary directory

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close to the system root. For example, /SCInstall for AIX or Linux and C:\SCInstall for Windows.
9. Access a command window and navigate to the directory where you extracted the files or where you copied
the installer directory. Run the appropriate script. If you do not want the license agreement to display, use the -
ioption when you run the script. For example, StorageControlInstall.sh -i.
Important: If you are not using IBM DB2 managed by Systems Director, then

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the DB2 user ID used must have DB2 Administrator privileges.
On Microsoft Windows systems, run the script StorageControlInstall.bat.


55 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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On Linux and AIX systems, run the script StorageControlInstall.sh.
10. Restart Systems Director as directed.

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Result:
Thus the program to install storage controller was executed successfully.

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56 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find procedure to install storage controller and
interact with it
Application:
A controller offers a level of abstraction between an operating system and the physical drives. A RAID

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controller presents groups to applications and operating systems as logical units for which data protection
schemes can be defined.

1. What is a snapshot?
2. What is Thick Provision Lazy Zeroed?

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3. What is Thick Provision Eager Zeroed?
4. What is Thin Provision?
5. What is VDI?
6. What is storage vMotion?
7. How many virtual CPUs can I use on a Fault Tolerant virtual machine?

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8. What is the use of vmware tools?
9. What happens if vCenter Server is offline when a failover event occurs?
10. What are the monitoring methods used for vSphere HA?
11. What are the roles of a master host in vSphere HA?
12. What is the hardware version used in VMware ESXi 5.5?

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13. What is server virtualization?
14. What is Network Virtualization?
15. What is template?
Viva-Voce
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

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0 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

College o f Engineering

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?



DEPARTMENT OF

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COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
VII SEMESTER - R 2013

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Name : ______________________________________
Reg. No. : ______________________________________
Section : ______________________________________

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LABORATORY MANUAL


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DHANALAKSHMI


is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and enterprising
professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and training.

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? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic Excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart and

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soul

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

To strive for acquiring, applying and imparting knowledge in Computer Science and Engineering through quality

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education and to provide enthusiastic professionals with commitment


? To produce highly competent and globally employable engineers in the field of Computer Science and
Engineering

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? To inculcate human values among the student community and make them realize their commitment to the society
? To exhibit excellence in pursuit of research and innovative products with a zeal to serve the society


VISION

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VISION
MISSION
MISSION

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PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)
1. Fundamentals
To provide students with a solid foundation in Mathematics, Science and fundamentals of engineering, enabling

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them to apply, to find solutions for engineering problems and use this knowledge to acquire higher education
2. Core Competence
To train the students in Computer science and engineering technologies so that they apply their knowledge and
training to compare, and to analyze various engineering industrial problems to find solutions
3. Breadth

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To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice this enables them to
find solutions for the real time problems in industry, and to design products
4. Professionalism
To inculcate professional and effective communication skills, leadership qualities and team spirit in the students
to make them multi-faceted personalities and develop their ability to relate engineering issues to broader social

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context
5. Lifelong Learning/Ethics
To demonstrate and practice ethical and professional responsibilities in the industry and society in the large,
through commitment and lifelong learning needed for successful professional career

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4

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PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)
a) To demonstrate and apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Electronics and Communication Engineering field
b) To design a component, a system or a process to meet the specific needs within the realistic constraints
such as economics, environment, ethics, health, safety and manufacturability

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c) To demonstrate the competency to use software tools for computation, simulation and testing of electronics and
communication engineering circuits
d) To identify, formulate and solve electronic and communication engineering problems
e) To demonstrate an ability to visualize and work on laboratory and multidisciplinary tasks
f) To function as a member or a leader in multidisciplinary activities

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g) To communicate in verbal and written form with fellow engineers and society at large
h) To understand the impact of Electronics and Communication Engineering in the society and demonstrate awareness
of contemporary issues and commitment to give solutions exhibiting social responsibility
i) To demonstrate professional & ethical responsibilities
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning

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k) To participate and succeed in competitive exams

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CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

SYLLABUS

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Learn the working of ARM processor
Understand the Building Blocks of Embedded Systems
Learn the concept of memory map and memory interface
Know the characteristics of Real Time Systems
Write programs to interface memory, I/Os with processor

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Study the interrupt performance
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
GRID COMPUTING LAB
Use Globus Toolkit or equivalent and do the following:
1. Develop a new Web Service for Calculator.

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2. Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service.
3. Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service.
4. Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs
5. Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus Toolkit.
6. Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it with and without

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GRAM concept.

CLOUD COMPUTING LAB
Use Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent to set up the cloud and demonstrate.
1. Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines

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COURSE OBJECTIVES


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can be utilized at particular time.
2. Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even
after the release of the virtual machine.
3. Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program.
4. Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other.

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5. Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it.
6. Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster.
7. Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE.
8. Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it.
9. Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits.

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid.
? Design and Implement applications on the Cloud.
? Design network objects by applying the networking concepts.
? Create virtualization concept.
? Design web based applications.

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? Apply cloud tools for resource allocation.
? Apply grid tools for network translation.
? Design private cloud using open stack.
COURSE OUTCOMES

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7


CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
CONTENTS

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Sl. No. Name of the Experiment Page No.
CYCLE 1 ? EXPERIMENTS ( GRID COMPUTING)
1
Develop a new Web Service for Calculator 7
2

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Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service 16
3
Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service 19
4
Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs 22

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5
Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus
Toolkit
25
6

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Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it
with and without GRAM concept
27
CYCLE 2 ? EXPERIMENTS (CLOUD COMPUTING)
1

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Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how
many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
34
2
Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it

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holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
36
3 Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program 39
4
Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to

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the other
42
5 Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it 45
6 Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster 47
7 Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE

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ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS
1 Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it 52
2 Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks 55

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INTRODUCTION TO GRID COMPUTING


GRID TECHNOLOGY

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? Flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and
resource
? Grid architecture
? Defined using services and protocols
? Using the ?sand hourglass? model similar to the TCP/IP protocol stack

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"A computational grid is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides dependable, consistent, pervasive and
inexpensive access to high-end computational capabilities."
Grid computing makes it possible to dynamically share and coordinate dispersed, heterogeneous computing
resources. Flexibility and ubiquity are essential characteristics of Web services technologies such as WSDL (Web

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Services Description Language), SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), and UDDI (Universal Description,
Discovery, and Integration).
The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) combines technologies to unlock and exploit grid-attached resources.
OGSA defines mechanisms to create, manage, and exchange information between Grid Services, a special type of
Web service. The architecture uses WSDL extensively to describe the structure and behavior of a service. Service

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descriptions are located and discovered using Web Services Inspection Language (WSIL). By combining elements
from grid computing and Web services technologies, OGSA establishes an extensible and interoperable design and
development framework for Grid Services that includes details for service definition, discovery, and life-cycle
management.

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GLOBUS TOOLKIT

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The Globus Toolkit provides software tools to make it easier to build computational grids and grid-based
applications. The Globus Toolkit is both an open architecture and open source toolkit.

? The Globus Toolkit is a product of the Globus Alliance (http://www.globus.org)

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? It is middleware for developing grids
? The current release is 6.0.
? Four key protocols and APIs
? Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI)
? Grid Resource Allocation & Mgmt (GRAM)

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? Grid Resource Information Protocol (GRIP) and Index Information Protocol (GIIP)
? Grid File Transfer Protocol (GridFTP)
? Implementations on many platforms
? Resources, security systems, data models,
? Various collective layer protocols & tools

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? Info services, replica management, etc.
? A basis for many Grid-enabled tools & apps
FTP, SSH, Condor, SRB, MPI, EDG, GridPort,
GLOBUS TOOLKIT? COMPONENTS
? Security

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? GSI ? Grid Security Infrastructure
? Resource Management
? GRAM ? Grid Resource Allocation Manager
o globusrun
o RSL

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o gatekeeper
o job manager
o DUROC ? Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator
? Information Services
? MDS ? Monitoring and Discovery Service

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o GRIS ? Grid Resource Information Service

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o GIIS ? Grid Index Information Service
o MDS Client
? Data Management
o GridFTP, GASS
The Globus Toolkit latest version 6.0 includes:

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GSI: security
GridFTP: file transfer
GRAM: job execution/resource management
MyProxy: credential repository/certificate authority
GSI-OpenSSH: GSI secure single sign-on remote shell

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GLOBUS TOOLKIT INSTALLATION PROCEDURE

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Step1: For installing Globus Toolkit nothing more easy than download the latest package:
http://toolkit.globus.org/ftppub/gt6/installers/repo/globus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
sudodpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Step2: Update the repositories: sudo apt-get update
Step3: To install Debian or Ubuntu package, download the globus-toolkit-repo package

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from the link above and install it with the command:
root@sysa63:/home/#dpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Do the following for Debian-based systems:
root@sysa63:/home/#apt-get install globus-data-management-client

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Expt.No. 01: DEVELOP A NEW WEB SERVICE FOR CALCULATOR

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Aim:
Develop a Web Service for new Calculator
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Our first web service is an extremely simple Math Web Service, which we'll refer to asMathService. It will
2. allow users to perform the following operations:
a. Addition

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b. Subtraction
3. Furthermore, MathService will have the following resource properties (RPs for short):
a. Value (integer)
b. Last operation performed (string)
4. We will also add a "Get Value" operation to access the Value RP. Once a new resource is created, the

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"value" RP is initialized to zero, and the "last operation" RP is initialized to "NONE". The parameter is
added/subtracted to the "value" RP, and the "last operation" RP is changed to "ADDITION" or
"SUBTRACTION" accordingly. Also, the addition and subtraction operations don't return anything.
5. Writing and deploying a WSRF Web Service is easier than you might think. You just have to follow five
simple steps.

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6. Define the service's interface. This is done with WSDL
7. Implement the service. This is done with Java.
8. Define the deployment parameters. This is done with WSDD and JNDI
9. Compile everything and generate a GAR file. This is done with Ant
10. Deploy service. This is also done with a GT4 tool

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Sample Code:

_instance"
xmlns ="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"

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xmlns:tns="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/examples/core/MathService_instance"
xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsrp="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-
ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.xsd" xmlns:wsrpw="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-

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ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.wsdl"
xmlns:wsdlpp="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/2004/10/WSDLPreprocessor"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">

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Result:
Thus the program for developing web service for new calculator was successfully executed.

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid by using Web Service for new Calculator
Applications:

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To make a calculator in Windows application using web service


1) What is Web Service?
2) What are the advantages of web services?

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3) What are the different types of web services?
4) What is SOAP?
5) What are the advantages of SOAP web services?
6) What are the disadvantages of SOAP web services?
7) What is WSDL?

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8) What is UDDI?
9) What are RESTful web services?
10) What are the advantages of RESTful web services?
11) What is the difference between SOAP and REST web services?
12) What is SOA service architecture?

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13) What tools are used to deploy web services?
14) What is Web Service architecture?
15) What are the advantages of web services in globus toolkit?
16) What are the different types of web services?
17) What is SOAP web services?

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18) What is UDP and TCP?
19) What is stateless SOA?
20) What is data balancing in WSDL?
Viva-voce

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Expt.No. 02: DEVELOP NEW OGSA-COMPLIANT WEB SERVICE

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Aim:
To develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid Service using .NET language.
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

1. Developed by the Global Grid Forum
2. Aims to define a common, standard, open architecture for Grid Applications.

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3. Defines a set of rules that make up a grid service.
4. Sharing and Coordinated use of diverse resources in Dynamic VO's

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Result:
Thus the program for developing OGSA- Complaint web service was successfully executed.


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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid

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Service using .NET language
Applications:
? Sharing of information among diverse components of large heterogenous grid systems
? WAN

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1. How would you decide what style of Web Service to use? SOAP WS or REST?
2. Does the service expose data or business logic?
3. Do consumers and the service providers require a formal contract?

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4. Do we need to support multiple data formats?
5. Do we need to make AJAX calls?
6. Is the call synchronous or asynchronous?
7. What level of security is required?
8. What level of transaction support is required?

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9. Do we have limited band width?
10. What tools do you use to test your Web Services?
11. What is the difference between SOA and a Web service?
12. What is a microservice architecture (aka MSA)?
13. What is data integrity?

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14. What is cloud infrastructure?


Viva-voce

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Expt.No. 03: USING APACHE AXIS DEVELOP A GRID SERVICE

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Aim:
To develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Creating the New Level in the Package
2. Edit the Configuration Files
3. Modify the Service Code

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4. Modify the Client
5. Compile and Deploy
6. Starting the Container
7. Compile the Client
8. Run the Client

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Sample Output:
Addition was successful
Subtraction was successful
Multiplication was successful

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Division was successful
Current value: 20.

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Result:
Thus the program for Grid Service using Apache Axis was successfully executed.

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Applications:
? To create web service in Java
? To work with Globus Tool kit standards web service

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1. What are the different application integration styles?
2. What is Grid Computing?
3. What is QOS?

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4. What are the derivatives of grid computing?
5. What are the features of data grids?
6. What is load balancing?
7. What is grid infrastructure?
8. Define ? Distributed Computing.

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9. Define ? OSGI.
10. Define ? OSGA.
11. What is the use of API?s in cloud services?
12. What is the difference between cloud and grid?
13. What is data communication?

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14. What are the elements of data communication?

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Viva-voce


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Expt.No. 04: DEVELOP APPLICATIONS USING JAVA OR C/C++ GRID
APIS
Aim:
To develop an application in Java using Grid APIs

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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1. Import all the necessary java packages and name the file as GridLayoutDemo.java
2. Set up components to preferred size
3. Add buttons to experiment with Grid Layout
4. Add controls to set up horizontal and vertical gaps
5. Process the Apply gaps button press

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6. Create the GUI
7. Create and set up the window,Set up the content pane and Display the Window
8. Schedule a job for the event dispatch thread
9. Show the application's GUI

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Sample Output:

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Figure 1: Horizontal, Left-to-Right Figure 2: Horizontal, Right-to-Left

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Result:
Thus the program to develop an application in java using Grid APIs was successfully executed.

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Applications:
Used for defining a application programme interface for common distributes computing functionality

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1) Describe the two most important advantages of using Distributed/Grid Computing.
2) What is the main function of DNS?
3) Briefly outline two applications of Public Key systems.
4) Provide one major difference between synchronous and asynchronous communication.

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5) Provide one major difference between ASCII and Unicode encodings.
6) Provide two major differences between sequential computing and parallel computing.
7) Write the any three Grid Applications.
8) Give the examples of Hardware service provider.
9) Give the example of software application ASP.

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10) What are grid portals? Give example.
11) What are the high level services including in existing globus tool kit?
12) Name the components available in Nimrod architecture?
13) What are the major objectives of Euro grid project?
14) What is the application specific work packages identified for the Euro grid?

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15) Define dynamic accounting system.

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Viva-voce


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EX.NO. 05: DEVELOP SECURED APPLICATIONS USING BASIC
SECURITY MECHANISMS AVAILABLE IN GLOBUS TOOLKIT.
Aim:
To develop a secured applications using a basic security mechanisms available in Globus toolkit
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
The Globus Toolkit incorporates multiple security components that establish the identity of users or services

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(authentication), protect communications, and determine who is allowed to perform what actions (authorization), as
well as manage user credentials.
? GSI C: The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and
certificate management.
? MyProxy: MyProxy is open source software for managing X.509 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) security

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credentials (certificates and private keys).
? GSI-OpenSSH: GSI-OpenSSH is a modified version of OpenSSH that adds support for X.509 proxy
certificate authentication and delegation, providing a single sign-on remote login and file transfer service.
The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and certificate
management. The authentication API is built using Public KeyInfrastructure (PKI) technologies, e.g. X.509

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Certificates and TLS. In addition to authentication it features a delegation mechanism based upon X.509 Proxy
Certificates. Authorization support takes the form of a couple of APIs. The first provides a generic authorization API
that allows callouts to perform access control based on the client's credentials (i.e. the X.509 certificate chain). The
second provides a simple access control list that maps authorized remote entities to local (system) user names. The
second mechanism also provides callouts that allow third parties to override the default behavior and is currently

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used in the Gatekeeper and GridFTP servers. In addition to the above there are various lower level APIs and tools
for managing, discovering and querying certificates.
Components for Grid Security
1. Basic Security Mechanisms
2. Components for Credential Generation

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3. Components for Credential Management


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Beyond verifying the identities of users and services, basic Grid security mechanisms leave access control decisions
to services. The Grid community has developed authorization and access control tools for storing and providing
access to system-wide authorization information and for creating a central data store for supporting decentralized
control mechanisms.
Basic Security Mechanisms

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? Pre-Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A non-Web services implementation of the Grid
Security Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI
mechanisms
? Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A Web services implementation of the Grid Security
Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI mechanisms

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Result:
Thus the program to develop a security application available in Globus toolkit was successfully executed.
Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a secured applications using a basic security
mechanisms available in Globus toolkit

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Applications:
To provide easy acces to best breed open source network security

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1. What are the collective services available in grid computing?
2. What are the basic principles of autonomous computing?
3. What are the four essential characteristics of on demand business?
4. What are the essential capabilities provided by on demand business?

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5. What are the two most important technologies for building semantic webs?
6. Define Peer to Peer computing?
7. What is the combination of Globus GT3 toolkit?
8. What is a GT3 core?
9. What are the components available in service model?

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10. Define WS-Trust
11. Define WS ?Federation
12. Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
13. Who are the actors in CDC?
14. Mention the scenarios in CDC?

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15. What are the functional requirements of CDC on OGSA?

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Viva-voce


26 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 06: DEVELOP A GRID PORTAL, WHERE USER CAN SUBMIT
A JOB AND GET THE RESULT, IMPLEMENT IT WITH AND WITHOUT
GRAM CONCEPT.
Aim:
To develop a Grid portal and implement it with and without GRAM concept

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
Multiple times that the likely user interface to grid applications will be through portals, specifically Web portals. A grid
portal may be constructed as a Web page interface to provide easy access to grid applications. The Web user
interface provides user authentication, job submission, job monitoring, and results of the job.
Globus Resource Allocation Manager (GRAM)

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When a job is submitted by a client, the request is sent to the remote host and handled by a gatekeeper daemon.
The gatekeeper creates a job manager to start and monitor the job. When the job is finished, the job manager
sends the status information back to the client and terminates.
The GRAM subsystem consists of the following elements:
? The globusrun command and associated APIs Resource Specification Language (RSL)

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? The gatekeeper daemon The job manager Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator (DUROC)
Each of these elements are described briefly below.
The globusrun command
The globusrun command (or its equivalent API) submits a job to a resource within the grid. This command
is typically passed an RSL string (see below) that specifies parameters and other properties required to successfully

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launch and run the job


27 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Resource Specification Language (RSL)
RSL is a language used by clients to specify the job to be run. All job submission requests are described in an RSL
string that includes information such as the executable file; its parameters; information about redirection of stdin,
stdout, and stderr; and so on. Basically it provides a standard way of specifying all of the information required to
execute a job, independent of the target environment. It is then the responsibility of the job manager on the target

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system to parse the information and launch the job in the appropriate way.
The syntax of RSL is very straightforward. Each statement is enclosed within parenthesis. Comments are
designated with parenthesis and asterisks, for example, (* this is a comment *). Supported attributes include the
following:
rsl_substitution: Defines variables

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executable: The script or command to be run
arguments: Information or flags to be passed to the executable
stdin: Specifies the remote URL and local file used for the executable stdout: Specifies the remote file to place
standard output from the job stderr: Specifies the remote file to place standard error from the job queue: Specifies the
queue to submit the job (requires a scheduler) count: Specifies the number of executions

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directory: Specifies the directory to run the job
project: Specifies a project account for the job (requires a scheduler) dryRun: Verifies the RSL string but
does not run the job
maxMemory: Specifies the maximum amount of memory in MBs required for the job
minMemory: Specifies the minimum amount of memory in MBs required for the job

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hostCount: Specifies the number of nodes in a cluster required for the job environment: Specifies environment
variables that are required for the job
jobType: Specifies the type of job single process, multi-process, mpi, or condor
maxTime: Specifies the maximum execution wall or cpu time for one execution
maxWallTime: Specifies the maximum walltime for one execution maxCpuTime: Specifies the maximum

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cpu time for one execution
gramMyjob: Specifies the whether the gram myjob interface starts one process/thread (independent) or more
(collective)

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28 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to develop Grid Portal was successfully executed.

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29 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid portal and implement it with and
without GRAM concept
Application:
? It is useful and necessary for interfaces for the performance of operations on the Grid. The Grid

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Portal Development Kit (GPDK) facilitates the development of Grid portals and provides several key
reusable components for accessing various Grid services.
? A Grid Portal provides a customizable interface allowing scientists to perform a variety of Grid
operations including remote program submission, file staging, and querying of information services
from a single, secure gateway.

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? The Grid Portal Development Kit leverages off existing Globus/Grid middleware infrastructure as
well as commodity web technology including Java Server Pages and servlets .

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1) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?
2) What are the major goals of OGSA?
3) What are the more specific goals of OGSA?
4) What are the main purposes of use case defined by OGSA?
5) Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?

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6) What are the layers available in OGSA architectural organizations?
7) What are the OGSA basic services?
8) What are the two aspects involved in GRAM?
9) What are the two kinds of lifecycle model associated with state data recovery?
10) What is a GT3 core?

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11) What are the major components of default server side framework?
12) What is Grid container?
13) What are the two levels of security available in GT3?
14) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?
15) What are the two different message-level authentication mechanisms provided by GT3 framework?

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16) What are the most common GT3 security handlers?
Viva-voce


30 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO CLOUD COMPUTING

What is cloud computing?
Cloud computing means that instead of all the computer hardware and software you're using sitting on your

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desktop, or somewhere inside your company's network, it's provided for you as a service by another company and
accessed over the Internet, usually in a completely seamless way. Exactly where the hardware and software is
located and how it all works doesn't matter to you, the user?it's just somewhere up in the nebulous "cloud" that the
Internet represents.
Cloud computing is a buzzword that means different things to different people. For some, it's just another way of

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describing IT (information technology) "outsourcing"; others use it to mean any computing service provided over the
Internet or a similar network; and some define it as any bought-in computer service you use that sits outside your
firewall.
Types of cloud computing
IT people talk about three different kinds of cloud computing, where different services are being provided for you.

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Note that there's a certain amount of vagueness about how these things are defined and some overlap between
them.
? Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) means you're buying access to raw computing hardware over the Net,
such as servers or storage. Since you buy what you need and pay-as-you-go, this is often referred to as
utility computing. Ordinary web hosting is a simple example of IaaS: you pay a monthly subscription or a

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per-megabyte/gigabyte fee to have a hosting company serve up files for your website from their servers.
? Software as a Service (SaaS) means you use a complete application running on someone else's system.
Web-based email and Google Documents are perhaps the best-known examples. Zoho is another well-
known SaaS provider offering a variety of office applications online.
? Platform as a Service (PaaS) means you develop applications using Web-based tools so they run on

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systems software and hardware provided by another company. So, for example, you might develop your
own ecommerce website but have the whole thing, including the shopping cart, checkout, and payment
mechanism running on a merchant's server. App Cloud (from salesforce.com) and the Google App Engine
are examples of PaaS.
Advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing

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Advantages
The pros of cloud computing are obvious and compelling. If your business is selling books or repairing shoes,
why get involved in the nitty gritty of buying and maintaining a complex computer system? If you run an insurance
office, do you really want your sales agents wasting time running anti-virus software, upgrading word-processors, or
worrying about hard-drive crashes? Do you really want them cluttering your expensive computers with their personal

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31 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

emails, illegally shared MP3 files, and naughty YouTube videos?when you could leave that responsibility to

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someone else? Cloud computing allows you to buy in only the services you want, when you want them, cutting the
upfront capital costs of computers and peripherals. You avoid equipment going out of date and other familiar IT
problems like ensuring system security and reliability. You can add extra services (or take them away) at a moment's
notice as your business needs change. It's really quick and easy to add new applications or services to your
business without waiting weeks or months for the new computer (and its software) to arrive.

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Drawbacks
Instant convenience comes at a price. Instead of purchasing computers and software, cloud computing means you
buy services, so one-off, upfront capital costs become ongoing operating costs instead. That might work out much
more expensive in the long-term.
If you're using software as a service (for example, writing a report using an online word processor or sending emails

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through webmail), you need a reliable, high-speed, broadband Internet connection functioning the whole time you're
working. That's something we take for granted in countries such as the United States, but it's much more of an issue
in developing countries or rural areas where broadband is unavailable.
An Introduction to Cloud Computing with OpenNebula
An OpenNebula Private Cloud provides infrastructure users with an elastic platform for fast delivery and scalability of

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services to meet dynamic demands of service end-users. Services are hosted in VMs, and then submitted,
monitored and controlled in the Cloud by using Sunstone or any of the OpenNebula interfaces:
? Command Line Interface (CLI)
? XML-RPC API
? OpenNebulaRuby and Java Cloud APIs

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The aim of a Private Cloud is not to expose to the world a cloud interface to sell capacity over the Internet, but to
provide local cloud users and administrators with a flexible and agile private infrastructure to run virtualized service
workloads within the administrative domain. OpenNebula virtual infrastructure interfaces expose user and
administrator functionality for virtualization, networking, image and physical resource configuration, management,
monitoring and accounting.

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32 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


Expt.No.1: FIND PROCEDURE TO RUN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE OF

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DIFFERENT CONFIGURATION. CHECK HOW MANY VIRTUAL
MACHINES CAN BE UTILIZED AT PARTICULAR TIME.

Aim:
To Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be

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utilized at particular time
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:

Creating Virtual Machines
In OpenNebula the Virtual Machines are defined with Template files. The Template Repository system allows
OpenNebula administrators and users to register Virtual Machine definitions in the system, to be instantiated later as

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Virtual Machine instances. These Templates can be instantiated several times, and also shared with other users.
Virtual Machine Model
A Virtual Machine within the OpenNebula system consists of:
? A capacity in terms memory and CPU
? A set of NICs attached to one or more virtual networks

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? A set of disk images
? A state file (optional) or recovery file, that contains the memory image of a running VM plus some hypervisor
specific information.
The above items, plus some additional VM attributes like the OS kernel and context information to be used inside the
VM, are specified in a template file.

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Defining a VM in 3 Steps
Virtual Machines are defined in an OpenNebula Template. Templates are stored in a repository to easily browse and
instantiate VMs from them. To create a new Template you have to define 3 things

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33 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

? Capacity & Name, how big will the VM be?
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
NAME Name that the VM will get for description purposes. Yes one-

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MEMORY Amount of RAM required for the VM, in Megabytes. Yes
CPU CPU ratio (e..g half a physical CPU is 0.5). Yes
VCPU Number of virtual cpus. No 1
Disks. Each disk is defined with a DISK attribute. A VM can use three types of disk:
? Use a persistent Image changes to the disk image will persist after the VM is shutdown.

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? Use a non-persistent Image images are cloned, changes to the image will be lost.
? Volatile disks are created on the fly on the target host. After the VM is shutdown the disk is disposed.

Persistent and Clone Disks
Attribute Description Mandatory Default

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IMAGE_ID and IMAGE The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes
IMAGE_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No self
IMAGE_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No self
Volatile
Attribute Description Mandatory Default

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TYPE
Type of the disk: swap, fs. swap type will set the label to swap so it is
easier to mount and the context packages will automatically mount it.
Yes
SIZE size in MB Yes

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FORMAT
filesystem for fs images: ext2, ext3, etc. raw will not format the image. For
VMs to run on vmfs or vmwareshared configurations, the valid values are:
Yes

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34 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Attribute Description Mandatory Default
vmdk_thin, vmdk_zeroedthick, vmdk_eagerzeroedthick

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Network Interfaces. Each network interface of a VM is defined with the NIC attribute.
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
NETWORK_ID and NETWORK The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes
NETWORK_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No Self

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NETWORK_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No Self

The following example shows a VM Template file with a couple of disks and a network interface, also a VNC section
was added.
NAME = test-vm

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MEMORY = 128
CPU = 1

DISK = [ IMAGE = "Arch Linux" ]
DISK = [ TYPE = swap,

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SIZE = 1024 ]

NIC = [ NETWORK = "Public", NETWORK_UNAME="oneadmin" ]

GRAPHICS = [

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TYPE = "vnc",
LISTEN = "0.0.0.0"]
Simple templates can be also created using the command line instead of creating a template file. The parameters to
do this for onetemplate are:

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Parameter

Description
--namename Name for the VM
--cpucpu CPU percentage reserved for the VM (1=100% one CPU)

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35 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Parameter

Description
--vcpuvcpu Number of virtualized CPUs
--archarch Architecture of the VM, e.g.: i386 or x86_64

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--memorymemory Memory ammount given to the VM
--diskdisk0,disk1 Disks to attach. To use a disk owned by other user use user[disk]
--nicvnet0,vnet1 Networks to attach. To use a network owned by other user use user[network]
--rawstring
Raw string to add to the template. Not to be confused with the RAW attribute. If you want

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to provide more than one element, just include an enter inside quotes, instead of using
more than one -raw option
--vnc Add VNC server to the VM
--ssh[file]
Add an ssh public key to the context. If the file is omited then the user variable

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SSH_PUBLIC_KEY will be used.
--net_context Add network contextualization parameters
--contextline1,line2 * Lines to add to the context section
--bootdevice Select boot device (hd, fd, cdrom or network)
A similar template as the previous example can be created with the following command:

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$ onetemplate create --name test-vm --memory 128 --cpu 1 --disk "Arch Linux" --nic Public
Managing Virtual Machines
Assuming we have a VM Template registered called vm-example with ID 6, then we can instantiate the VM issuing
a:
$ onetemplate list

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ID USER GROUP NAME REGTIME
6 oneadminoneadminvm_example 09/28 06:44:07

$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm

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36 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

VM ID: 0

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If the template has USER INPUTSdefined the CLI will prompt the user for these values:
$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm

There are some parameters that require user input.

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* (BLOG_TITLE) Blog Title:
* (DB_PASSWORD) Database Password:
VM ID: 0
Afterwards, the VM can be listed with the onevmlist command. You can also use the onevmtop command to list VMs
continuously.

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$ onevm list

ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME
0 oneadminoneadminmy_vm pend 0 0K 00 00:00:03
After a Scheduling cycle, the VM will be automatically deployed. But the deployment can also be forced by oneadmin

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using onevmdeploy:
$ onehost list

ID NAME RVM TCPU FCPU ACPU TMEM FMEM AMEM STAT
2 testbed 0 800 800 800 16G 16G16G on

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$ onevm deploy 0 2

$ onevm list

ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME

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0 oneadminoneadminmy_vmrunn 0 0K testbed 00 00:02:40

$ onevm show 0
VIRTUAL MACHINE 0 INFORMATION
ID :0

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NAME : my_vm
USER : oneadmin
GROUP : oneadmin

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37 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

STATE : ACTIVE
LCM_STATE : RUNNING
START TIME : 04/14 09:00:24

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END TIME : -
DEPLOY ID: : one-0
PERMISSIONS
OWNER : um-
GROUP : ---

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OTHER : ---
VIRTUAL MACHINE MONITORING
NET_TX : 13.05
NET_RX : 0
USED MEMORY : 512

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USED CPU : 0
VIRTUAL MACHINE TEMPLATE
VIRTUAL MACHINE HISTORY

SEQ HOSTNAME REASON START TIME PTIME

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0 testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00
testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00

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38 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to run virtual machines on different configuration was successfully executed & its utilization time is

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checked in various machines.


39 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find procedure to run the virtual machine of different
Configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time

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Applications:
? An advantage of virtualizing the workload?s I/O path enables hardware independence by
abstracting vendor specific drivers to more generalized versions that run on the hypervisor.
? It allows the live migration, which is one of virtualization?s greatest availability strengths
? The sharing of aggregate resources, such as network paths

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1. What is cloud computing?
2. What are the benefits of cloud computing?

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3. What are the different data types used in cloud computing?
4. What are the different layers in cloud computing?
5. What do you mean by software as a service?
6. What is on-demand functionality? How is it provided in cloud computing?
7. What are the platforms used for large scale cloud computing?

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8. What are the different models for deployment in cloud computing?
9. What is the difference between cloud computing and mobile computing?
10. What are the open source cloud computing platform databases?
11. What is the difference between cloud and traditional datacenters?
12. Why API's is used in cloud services?

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13. What are the different datacenters in cloud computing?
14. Define API in data virtualization?
15. List of API in cloud?
Viva-voce

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40 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No.02: FIND PROCEDURE TO ATTACH VIRTUAL BLOCK TO
THE VIRTUAL MACHINE AND CHECK WHETHER IT HOLDS THE

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DATA EVEN AFTER THE RELEASE OF THE VIRTUAL MACHINE.
Aim:
To find a procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even after the
release of the virtual machine

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
VirtualBox uses a special kernel module called vboxdrv to perform physical memory allocation and to gain control of
the processor for guest system execution. Without this kernel module, you can still use the VirtualBox manager to
configure virtual machines, but they will not start. In addition, there are the network kernel modules vboxnetflt and

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vboxnetadp which are required for the more advanced networking features of VirtualBox.
The VirtualBox kernel module is automatically installed on your system when you install VirtualBox. To
maintain it with future kernel updates, for those Linux distributions which provide it -- most current ones -- we
recommend installing Dynamic Kernel Module Support (DKMS). This framework helps with building and upgrading
kernel modules.

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If DKMS is not already installed, execute one of the following:
On an Ubuntu system:
sudo apt-get install dkms
If DKMS is available and installed, the VirtualBox kernel module should always work automatically, and it will be
automatically rebuilt if your host kernel is updated.

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Otherwise, there are only two situations in which you will need to worry about the kernel module:
1. The original installation fails. This probably means that your Linux system is not prepared for building
external kernel modules.

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Most Linux distributions can be set up simply by installing the right packages - normally, these will be the
GNU compiler (GCC), GNU Make (make) and packages containing header files for your kernel - and making
sure that all system updates are installed and that the system is running the most up-to-date kernel included

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in the distribution. The version numbers of the header file packages must be the same as that of the kernel
you are using.
? With Debian and Ubuntu releases, you must install the right version of the linux-headers and if it exists
the linux-kbuild package. Current Ubuntu releases should have the right packages installed by default.
? In even older Debian and Ubuntu releases, you must install the right version of the kernel-headers

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package.
? On Fedora and Redhat systems, the package is kernel-devel.
? On SUSE and openSUSE Linux, you must install the right versions of the kernel-source and kernel-syms
packages.
? If you have built your own kernel, you will need to make sure that you also installed all the required

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header and other files for building external modules to the right locations. The details of how to do
this will depend on how you built your kernel, and if you are unsure you should consult the
documentation which you followed to do so.
2. The kernel of your Linux host was updated and DKMS is not installed. In that case, the kernel module will
need to be reinstalled by executing (as root):

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rcvboxdrv setup
Performing the installation
VirtualBox is available in a number of package formats native to various common Linux distributions. In addition,
there is an alternative generic installer (.run) which should work on most Linux distributions.
Installing VirtualBox from a Debian/Ubuntu package

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First, download the appropriate package for your distribution. The following examples assume that you are installing
to a 32-bit Ubuntu Wily system. Use dpkg to install the Debian package:
sudodpkg -i virtualbox-5.0_5.0.20_Ubuntu_wily_i386.deb
The installer will also try to build kernel modules suitable for the current running kernel. If the build process is not
successful you will be shown a warning and the package will be left unconfigured. Please have a look at /var/log/vbox-

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install.log to find out why the compilation failed. You may have to install the appropriate Linux kernel After correcting
any problems, do


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sudorcvboxdrv setup
This will start a second attempt to build the module.
If a suitable kernel module was found in the package or the module was successfully built, the installation script will
attempt to load that module.

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Once VirtualBox has been successfully installed and configured, you can start it by selecting "VirtualBox" in your
start menu or from the command line.
Using the alternative installer (VirtualBox.run)
The alternative installer performs the following steps:
? It unpacks the application files to the target directory,

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/opt/VirtualBox/
which cannot be changed.
? It builds the VirtualBox kernel modules (vboxdrv, vboxnetflt and vboxnetadp) and installs them.
? It creates /sbin/rcvboxdrv, an init script to start the VirtualBox kernel module.
? It creates a new system group called vboxusers.

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? It creates symbolic links in /usr/bin to the a shell script (/opt/VirtualBox/VBox) which does some sanity checks
and dispatches to the actual executables, VirtualBox, VBoxSDL, VBoxVRDP, VBoxHeadless and VBoxManage
? It creates /etc/udev/rules.d/60-vboxdrv.rules, a description file for udev, if that is present, which makes the USB
devices accessible to all users in the vboxusers group.
? It writes the installation directory to /etc/vbox/vbox.cfg.

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The installer must be executed as root with either install or uninstall as the first parameter.
sudo ./VirtualBox.run install
Or if you do not have the "sudo" command available, run the following as root instead:
./VirtualBox.run install

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After that you need to put every user which should be able to access USB devices from VirtualBox guests in the
group vboxusers, either through the GUI user management tools or by running the following command as root:

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sudousermod -a -G vboxusers username
Performing a manual installation
If, for any reason, you cannot use the shell script installer described previously, you can also perform a manual
installation. Invoke the installer like this:
./VirtualBox.run --keep --noexec

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This will unpack all the files needed for installation in the directory install under the current directory. The VirtualBox
application files are contained in VirtualBox.tar.bz2 which you can unpack to any directory on your system. For
example:
sudomkdir /opt/VirtualBox
sudo tar jxf ./install/VirtualBox.tar.bz2 -C /opt/VirtualBox

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or as root:
mkdir /opt/VirtualBox
tarjxf ./install/VirtualBox.tar.bz2 -C /opt/VirtualBox
The sources for VirtualBox's kernel module are provided in the src directory. To build the module, change to the
directory and issuemake

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If everything builds correctly, issue the following command to install the module to the appropriate module directory:
sudo make install
In case you do not have sudo, switch the user account to root and performmake install
The VirtualBox kernel module needs a device node to operate. The above make command will tell you how to create
the device node, depending on your Linux system. The procedure is slightly different for a classical Linux setup with

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a /dev directory, a system with the now deprecated devfs and a modern Linux system with udev.
Note that the /dev/vboxdrv kernel module device node must be owned by root:root and must be read/writable only for
the user.Next, you will have to install the system initialization script for the kernel module:
cp /opt/VirtualBox/vboxdrv.sh /sbin/rcvboxdrv
mkdir /etc/vbox

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echo INSTALL_DIR=/opt/VirtualBox> /etc/vbox/vbox.cfg


44 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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and, for convenience, create the following symbolic links:
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VirtualBox
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxManage
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxHeadless
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxSDL

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Sample Output:

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Result:
Thus the program to attach virtual block to virtual machine was successfully executed & checked whether it holds the
data after the release of the virtual machine.

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45 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find a procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual
machine and check whether it holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
Application:

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? To support the Cloud Computing with the Virtual Block Store System. The fast development of cloud
computing systems stimulates the needs for a standalone block storage system to provide persistent
block storage services to virtual machines maintained by clouds.

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1. What is Type-1 and Type-2 hypervisor?
2. What is the use of virsh command?
3. Explain how you can transfer volume from one owner to another in Open Stack?
4. Discuss about KVM Features?

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5. What is Virtual block?
6. What is Virtualization?
7. What are virtual clusters?
8. How virtualization happens in data center?
9. List some of the open source grid middleware packages.

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10. What is a programming model?
11. What is Hadoop?
12. What are map and reduce functions?
13. How to run a job in hadoop?
14. What is HDFS?

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15. What are the open source grid middleware packages?
16. What is peer to peer computing?
17. What are node clusters?
18. How virtual migration happens in data center?
Viva-voce

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46 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No.03: INSTALL A C COMPILER IN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE AND

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EXECUTE A SAMPLE PROGRAM.
Aim:
To Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Create a VM and Install any OS on it.
2.Install a C compiler on OS

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3.Open a Editor and type the sample program and Save.
4.Compile and run the Program
Example:
C programming on Linux based Environement

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1. Open Terminal (Applications-Accessories-Terminal)
2. Open gedit by typing ?gedit&? on terminal(You can also use any other Text Editor application)
3. Type the following on gedit
(or any other text editor)
#include

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main()
{
printf("Hello World\n");
}
Save this file as

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?helloworld. C?
5. Type ?ls? on Terminal to see all files under current folder
6. Confirm that ?helloworld.c? is in the current directory.
If not, type cd DIRECTORY_PATH to go to the
directory that has ?helloworld.c?

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7. Type ?gcchelloworld.c? to compile, and type ?ls? to
confirm that a new executable file ?a.out? is created
8. Type ?./a.out? on Terminal to run the program

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47 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to install a C complier is done and the sample program was executed successfully.

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48 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and
execute a sample program
Application:
The application of installing a C compiler in the virtual machine benefits to have a portable executable, for
each platform.

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1. What is the difference between Xen & KVM ?
2. What are different hypervisors available in Linux ?
3. Which command is used to list all virtual machine running on the KVM hypervisor ?
4. What are the different states of a VM in Xen hypervisor ?

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5. How to forcefully shutdown the KVM based virtual machine from the command line ?
6. What is virtual Machine?
7. What is Compiler?
8. What is Directory?
9. List the C Compilers available?

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10. What is virtualization?
11. List out VM operations
12. What are different hypervisors available in windows?
13. How to implement applications on the cloud to install C compiler?
14. What are grid and cloud tools available?

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15. What is hypervisor?
Viva-voce


49 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No.04: SHOW THE VIRTUAL MACHINE MIGRATION BASED ON
THE CERTAIN CONDITION FROM ONE NODE TO THE OTHER.

Aim:

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To Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other

Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos

Procedure:
1.Update source and target virtual machines to latest package versions
To help ensure that platform images between cloud providers are running the same version of key operating system

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packages, update these packages to the latest versions on both source and target virtual machines.
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
2. Install rsync and screen packages on source and target virtual machines
The migration of application packages and files in this process will use rsync over ssh between source and target

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virtual machines. The actual transfer of files between virtual machines can take some time, so I also recommend
using screen so that you can easily re-attach to an in-progress migration session if you are inadvertently
disconnected.
Ensure that rsync and screen packages are installed on both the source and target virtual machines with these
commands:

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sudo apt-get install rsync
sudo apt-get install screen
3. Add a consistent user account to both source and target virtual machines
To facilitate the migration process, ensure that you have a consistent user account configured on both source and
target virtual machines with sudo enabled. The newly provisioned target virtual machines from Task 3 already

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50 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

include a user named azureuser with sudo enabled. To configure this same user on each source virtual machine,

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use the following commands:
sudogroupadd -g 500 azureuser
sudouseradd -u 500 -g 500 -m -s /bin/bash azureuser
sudopasswdazureuser
4. Start a screen session for the migration

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On the source virtual machine, enter a new screen session for the migration by using the following command:
sudo screen -S AzureMigration
If you are disconnected from the source virtual machine during the migration process, you can reconnect to the
detached screen session by using the following command after signing in again to the source virtual machine:
sudo screen -r

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5. Build an exclusion list of directories and files
During the migration, we want to be careful to skip any files that include configuration information relating to the
identity of the source virtual machines, such as IP addresses, hostnames, ssh keys, etc. For the Ubuntu-based
virtual machines that we migrated, we used the following commands on each source virtual machine to build our
list of directories and files to exclude from the migration process:

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EXCLUDEFILE=/tmp/exclude.file
EXCLUDELIST='/boot /etc/fstab /etc/hostname /etc/issue /etc/hosts
/etc/sudoers /etc/networks /etc/network/* /etc/resolv.conf
/etc/ssh/* /etc/sysctl.conf /etc/mtab /etc/udev/rules.d/*
/lock /net /tmp'

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EXCLUDEPATH=$(echo $EXCLUDELIST | sed 's/\ /\\n/g')
echo -e $EXCLUDEPATH > $EXCLUDEFILE
find / -name '*cloud-init*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE
find / -name '*cloud-config*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE
find / -name '*cloud-final*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE

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51 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

The actual list of directories and files that you exclude may vary from this list, based on the Linux distro version,

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packages and applications that you are migrating.
Credits: Kudos to Kevin Carter who wrote a great article a couple years ago that provided a useful starting point for
building a list of directories and files to consider excluding as part of a Linux-to-Linux migration process!
6. Stop applications during migration
To minimize application data changes from occurring during the migration process, stop the related applications and

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daemons on the source virtual machines. The application that we migrated was a web application built using
Apache2, so we simply stopped the related Apache2 daemon.
sudo service stop apache2
7. Migrate the application files and data
From each source virtual machine, migrate application files and data using two rsync passes over ssh. The first

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pass performs the bulk of the data transfer, whereas the second pass uses checksums to confirm that all files were
transferred successfully.
TARGETVM="insert_target_vm_public_ip_address"
rsync -e "ssh" -rlpEAXogDtSzh -P -x ?exclude-from="$EXCLUDEFILE" ?rsync-path="sudorsync" ?
verbose ?progress / azureuser@$TARGETVM:/

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rsync -e "ssh" -crlpEAXogDtSzh -P -x ?exclude-from="$EXCLUDEFILE" ?rsync-path="sudorsync" ?
verbose ?progress / azureuser@$TARGETVM:/
8. Restart each target virtual machine
After both rsync passes have completed, restart each target virtual machine to complete the migration
process.

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sshazureuser@$TARGETVM
shutdown -r now

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52 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to implement migration of virtual machine was executed successfully.

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53 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to Show the virtual machine migration based on the
certain condition from one node to the other
Application:

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? Its easier to migrate a Virtual Machine from one server to another, than migrating the operating
system and application(s) individually.
? Using Virtual Machine Migration, its possible to migrate operating systems and applications from
older servers to newer servers easily and without disrupting the services.

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1. What are the basic requirements of VM live migration in KVM?
2. Which command is used in KVM for VMs live migration?
3. How to get hardware information of KVM guest machine?
4. What is VM migration?
5. Which type of virtualization is also characteristic of cloud computing ?

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6. Which virtualization standard does the WebSphere Application Server Hypervisor Edition use?
7.Which three tools are included in the IBM Rational Jazz Collaborative Application Lifecycle
Management (C/ALM) solution?
8. What are two ways a public cloud helps customers reduce their IT costs?
9.What functionality is provided by the IBM Security Network Intrusion Prevention System Virtual

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Appliance for a cloud environment?
10. What are two important benefits of using cloud computing?
11. What is the value of IBM Security Information and Event Manager in a cloud provider environment?
12. What is the main purpose of an IBM CloudBurst solution?
Viva-voce

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54 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

EX.NO.5: PROCEDURE TO INSTALL STORAGE CONTROLLER AND

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INTERACT WITH IT.
Aim:
Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it

Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:

To install Storage Control, follow these steps.
Ensure that Systems Director 6.3 is installed and running.
Ensure that you are logged in to Systems Director with a user ID that has administrative privileges.

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Windows only: Restart the DB2 Management server.
a) Go to Start >Administrative Tools >Services.
b) Select DB2 Management Service from the services window and restart it.
If you want to download and install Storage Control, go to step 5. If you want to install Storage Control from read-
only media, such as a CD or mounted .iso image, go to step 8.

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From the Systems Director summary page, click the link Try Storage Control in the upper right corner.
A download page opens. Download the appropriate file for your operating system.
7.Extract the files to the directory where you want to install Storage Control, then go to step 9.
8. Copy the Storage Control installer directory from the CD or the mounted .iso image into a temporary directory
close to the system root. For example, /SCInstall for AIX or Linux and C:\SCInstall for Windows.

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9. Access a command window and navigate to the directory where you extracted the files or where you copied
the installer directory. Run the appropriate script. If you do not want the license agreement to display, use the -
ioption when you run the script. For example, StorageControlInstall.sh -i.
Important: If you are not using IBM DB2 managed by Systems Director, then
the DB2 user ID used must have DB2 Administrator privileges.

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On Microsoft Windows systems, run the script StorageControlInstall.bat.


55 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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On Linux and AIX systems, run the script StorageControlInstall.sh.
10. Restart Systems Director as directed.

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Result:
Thus the program to install storage controller was executed successfully.

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56 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find procedure to install storage controller and
interact with it
Application:
A controller offers a level of abstraction between an operating system and the physical drives. A RAID
controller presents groups to applications and operating systems as logical units for which data protection

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schemes can be defined.

1. What is a snapshot?
2. What is Thick Provision Lazy Zeroed?
3. What is Thick Provision Eager Zeroed?

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4. What is Thin Provision?
5. What is VDI?
6. What is storage vMotion?
7. How many virtual CPUs can I use on a Fault Tolerant virtual machine?
8. What is the use of vmware tools?

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9. What happens if vCenter Server is offline when a failover event occurs?
10. What are the monitoring methods used for vSphere HA?
11. What are the roles of a master host in vSphere HA?
12. What is the hardware version used in VMware ESXi 5.5?
13. What is server virtualization?

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14. What is Network Virtualization?
15. What is template?
Viva-Voce

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57 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


EX.NO.6: PROCEDURE TO SET UP ONE HADOOP CLUSTER

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Aim:
To Find a procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
Follow the steps given below to have Hadoop Multi-Node cluster setup.
Installing Java
Java is the main prerequisite for Hadoop. First of all, you should verify the existence of java in your system using

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?java -version?. The syntax of java version command is given below.
$ java-version
If everything works fine it will give you the following output.
java version "1.7.0_71"
Java(TM) SE RuntimeEnvironment(build 1.7.0_71-b13)

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JavaHotSpot(TM)Client VM (build 25.0-b02, mixed mode)
If java is not installed in your system, then follow the given steps for installing java.
1. Download java (JDK - X64.tar.gz) by visiting the following link
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk7-downloads-1880260.html
Then jdk-7u71-linux-x64.tar.gz will be downloaded into your system.

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2. Generally you will find the downloaded java file in Downloads folder. Verify it and extract the jdk-7u71-linux-
x64.gz file using the following commands.
$ cdDownloads/
$ ls
jdk-7u71-Linux-x64.gz

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$ tar zxf jdk-7u71-Linux-x64.gz
$ ls
jdk1.7.0_71 jdk-7u71-Linux-x64.gz
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

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0 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

College o f Engineering
?

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DEPARTMENT OF
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

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CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
VII SEMESTER - R 2013

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Name : ______________________________________
Reg. No. : ______________________________________
Section : ______________________________________
LABORATORY MANUAL

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1 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

DHANALAKSHMI

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is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and enterprising
professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and training.

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? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic Excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart and
soul

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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

To strive for acquiring, applying and imparting knowledge in Computer Science and Engineering through quality
education and to provide enthusiastic professionals with commitment

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? To produce highly competent and globally employable engineers in the field of Computer Science and
Engineering
? To inculcate human values among the student community and make them realize their commitment to the society

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? To exhibit excellence in pursuit of research and innovative products with a zeal to serve the society


VISION
VISION

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MISSION
MISSION


2 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)
1. Fundamentals
To provide students with a solid foundation in Mathematics, Science and fundamentals of engineering, enabling
them to apply, to find solutions for engineering problems and use this knowledge to acquire higher education

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2. Core Competence
To train the students in Computer science and engineering technologies so that they apply their knowledge and
training to compare, and to analyze various engineering industrial problems to find solutions
3. Breadth
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice this enables them to

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find solutions for the real time problems in industry, and to design products
4. Professionalism
To inculcate professional and effective communication skills, leadership qualities and team spirit in the students
to make them multi-faceted personalities and develop their ability to relate engineering issues to broader social
context

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5. Lifelong Learning/Ethics
To demonstrate and practice ethical and professional responsibilities in the industry and society in the large,
through commitment and lifelong learning needed for successful professional career

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4


PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)

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a) To demonstrate and apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Electronics and Communication Engineering field
b) To design a component, a system or a process to meet the specific needs within the realistic constraints
such as economics, environment, ethics, health, safety and manufacturability
c) To demonstrate the competency to use software tools for computation, simulation and testing of electronics and

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communication engineering circuits
d) To identify, formulate and solve electronic and communication engineering problems
e) To demonstrate an ability to visualize and work on laboratory and multidisciplinary tasks
f) To function as a member or a leader in multidisciplinary activities
g) To communicate in verbal and written form with fellow engineers and society at large

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h) To understand the impact of Electronics and Communication Engineering in the society and demonstrate awareness
of contemporary issues and commitment to give solutions exhibiting social responsibility
i) To demonstrate professional & ethical responsibilities
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To participate and succeed in competitive exams

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5 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

SYLLABUS
Learn the working of ARM processor

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Understand the Building Blocks of Embedded Systems
Learn the concept of memory map and memory interface
Know the characteristics of Real Time Systems
Write programs to interface memory, I/Os with processor
Study the interrupt performance

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LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
GRID COMPUTING LAB
Use Globus Toolkit or equivalent and do the following:
1. Develop a new Web Service for Calculator.
2. Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service.

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3. Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service.
4. Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs
5. Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus Toolkit.
6. Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it with and without
GRAM concept.

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CLOUD COMPUTING LAB
Use Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent to set up the cloud and demonstrate.
1. Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines
COURSE OBJECTIVES

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6 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

can be utilized at particular time.

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2. Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even
after the release of the virtual machine.
3. Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program.
4. Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other.
5. Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it.

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6. Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster.
7. Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE.
8. Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it.
9. Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits.
? Design and implement applications on the Grid.

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? Design and Implement applications on the Cloud.
? Design network objects by applying the networking concepts.
? Create virtualization concept.
? Design web based applications.
? Apply cloud tools for resource allocation.

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? Apply grid tools for network translation.
? Design private cloud using open stack.
COURSE OUTCOMES

7

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CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
CONTENTS
Sl. No. Name of the Experiment Page No.

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CYCLE 1 ? EXPERIMENTS ( GRID COMPUTING)
1
Develop a new Web Service for Calculator 7
2
Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service 16

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3
Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service 19
4
Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs 22
5

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Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus
Toolkit
25
6
Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it

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with and without GRAM concept
27
CYCLE 2 ? EXPERIMENTS (CLOUD COMPUTING)
1
Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how

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many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
34
2
Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it
holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine

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36
3 Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program 39
4
Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to
the other

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42
5 Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it 45
6 Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster 47
7 Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE
ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS

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1 Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it 52
2 Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks 55

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8 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO GRID COMPUTING

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GRID TECHNOLOGY

? Flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and

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resource
? Grid architecture
? Defined using services and protocols
? Using the ?sand hourglass? model similar to the TCP/IP protocol stack

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"A computational grid is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides dependable, consistent, pervasive and
inexpensive access to high-end computational capabilities."
Grid computing makes it possible to dynamically share and coordinate dispersed, heterogeneous computing
resources. Flexibility and ubiquity are essential characteristics of Web services technologies such as WSDL (Web
Services Description Language), SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), and UDDI (Universal Description,

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Discovery, and Integration).
The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) combines technologies to unlock and exploit grid-attached resources.
OGSA defines mechanisms to create, manage, and exchange information between Grid Services, a special type of
Web service. The architecture uses WSDL extensively to describe the structure and behavior of a service. Service
descriptions are located and discovered using Web Services Inspection Language (WSIL). By combining elements

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from grid computing and Web services technologies, OGSA establishes an extensible and interoperable design and
development framework for Grid Services that includes details for service definition, discovery, and life-cycle
management.

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9 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


GLOBUS TOOLKIT

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The Globus Toolkit provides software tools to make it easier to build computational grids and grid-based
applications. The Globus Toolkit is both an open architecture and open source toolkit.

? The Globus Toolkit is a product of the Globus Alliance (http://www.globus.org)
? It is middleware for developing grids

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? The current release is 6.0.
? Four key protocols and APIs
? Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI)
? Grid Resource Allocation & Mgmt (GRAM)
? Grid Resource Information Protocol (GRIP) and Index Information Protocol (GIIP)

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? Grid File Transfer Protocol (GridFTP)
? Implementations on many platforms
? Resources, security systems, data models,
? Various collective layer protocols & tools
? Info services, replica management, etc.

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? A basis for many Grid-enabled tools & apps
FTP, SSH, Condor, SRB, MPI, EDG, GridPort,
GLOBUS TOOLKIT? COMPONENTS
? Security
? GSI ? Grid Security Infrastructure

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? Resource Management
? GRAM ? Grid Resource Allocation Manager
o globusrun
o RSL
o gatekeeper

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o job manager
o DUROC ? Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator
? Information Services
? MDS ? Monitoring and Discovery Service

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10 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

o GRIS ? Grid Resource Information Service
o GIIS ? Grid Index Information Service

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o MDS Client
? Data Management
o GridFTP, GASS
The Globus Toolkit latest version 6.0 includes:
GSI: security

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GridFTP: file transfer
GRAM: job execution/resource management
MyProxy: credential repository/certificate authority
GSI-OpenSSH: GSI secure single sign-on remote shell

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11 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

GLOBUS TOOLKIT INSTALLATION PROCEDURE
Step1: For installing Globus Toolkit nothing more easy than download the latest package:

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http://toolkit.globus.org/ftppub/gt6/installers/repo/globus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
sudodpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Step2: Update the repositories: sudo apt-get update
Step3: To install Debian or Ubuntu package, download the globus-toolkit-repo package
from the link above and install it with the command:

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root@sysa63:/home/#dpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Do the following for Debian-based systems:
root@sysa63:/home/#apt-get install globus-data-management-client

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12 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 01: DEVELOP A NEW WEB SERVICE FOR CALCULATOR

Aim:

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Develop a Web Service for new Calculator
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
1. Our first web service is an extremely simple Math Web Service, which we'll refer to asMathService. It will
2. allow users to perform the following operations:
a. Addition
b. Subtraction

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3. Furthermore, MathService will have the following resource properties (RPs for short):
a. Value (integer)
b. Last operation performed (string)
4. We will also add a "Get Value" operation to access the Value RP. Once a new resource is created, the
"value" RP is initialized to zero, and the "last operation" RP is initialized to "NONE". The parameter is

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added/subtracted to the "value" RP, and the "last operation" RP is changed to "ADDITION" or
"SUBTRACTION" accordingly. Also, the addition and subtraction operations don't return anything.
5. Writing and deploying a WSRF Web Service is easier than you might think. You just have to follow five
simple steps.
6. Define the service's interface. This is done with WSDL

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7. Implement the service. This is done with Java.
8. Define the deployment parameters. This is done with WSDD and JNDI
9. Compile everything and generate a GAR file. This is done with Ant
10. Deploy service. This is also done with a GT4 tool

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Sample Code:

_instance"
xmlns ="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"
xmlns:tns="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/examples/core/MathService_instance"

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xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsrp="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-
ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.xsd" xmlns:wsrpw="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-


13 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.wsdl"
xmlns:wsdlpp="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/2004/10/WSDLPreprocessor"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">

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Result:
Thus the program for developing web service for new calculator was successfully executed.

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14 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid by using Web Service for new Calculator
Applications:
To make a calculator in Windows application using web service

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1) What is Web Service?
2) What are the advantages of web services?
3) What are the different types of web services?

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4) What is SOAP?
5) What are the advantages of SOAP web services?
6) What are the disadvantages of SOAP web services?
7) What is WSDL?
8) What is UDDI?

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9) What are RESTful web services?
10) What are the advantages of RESTful web services?
11) What is the difference between SOAP and REST web services?
12) What is SOA service architecture?
13) What tools are used to deploy web services?

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14) What is Web Service architecture?
15) What are the advantages of web services in globus toolkit?
16) What are the different types of web services?
17) What is SOAP web services?
18) What is UDP and TCP?

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19) What is stateless SOA?
20) What is data balancing in WSDL?
Viva-voce

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15 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 02: DEVELOP NEW OGSA-COMPLIANT WEB SERVICE

Aim:

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To develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid Service using .NET language.
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:

1. Developed by the Global Grid Forum
2. Aims to define a common, standard, open architecture for Grid Applications.
3. Defines a set of rules that make up a grid service.

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4. Sharing and Coordinated use of diverse resources in Dynamic VO's

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Result:

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Thus the program for developing OGSA- Complaint web service was successfully executed.


16 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid
Service using .NET language

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Applications:
? Sharing of information among diverse components of large heterogenous grid systems
? WAN

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1. How would you decide what style of Web Service to use? SOAP WS or REST?
2. Does the service expose data or business logic?
3. Do consumers and the service providers require a formal contract?
4. Do we need to support multiple data formats?

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5. Do we need to make AJAX calls?
6. Is the call synchronous or asynchronous?
7. What level of security is required?
8. What level of transaction support is required?
9. Do we have limited band width?

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10. What tools do you use to test your Web Services?
11. What is the difference between SOA and a Web service?
12. What is a microservice architecture (aka MSA)?
13. What is data integrity?
14. What is cloud infrastructure?

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Viva-voce

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17 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 03: USING APACHE AXIS DEVELOP A GRID SERVICE

Aim:

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To develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
1. Creating the New Level in the Package
2. Edit the Configuration Files
3. Modify the Service Code
4. Modify the Client

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5. Compile and Deploy
6. Starting the Container
7. Compile the Client
8. Run the Client

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18 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:
Addition was successful
Subtraction was successful
Multiplication was successful
Division was successful

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Current value: 20.

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Result:
Thus the program for Grid Service using Apache Axis was successfully executed.

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19 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Applications:
? To create web service in Java
? To work with Globus Tool kit standards web service

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1. What are the different application integration styles?
2. What is Grid Computing?
3. What is QOS?
4. What are the derivatives of grid computing?

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5. What are the features of data grids?
6. What is load balancing?
7. What is grid infrastructure?
8. Define ? Distributed Computing.
9. Define ? OSGI.

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10. Define ? OSGA.
11. What is the use of API?s in cloud services?
12. What is the difference between cloud and grid?
13. What is data communication?
14. What are the elements of data communication?

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Viva-voce


20 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 04: DEVELOP APPLICATIONS USING JAVA OR C/C++ GRID
APIS
Aim:
To develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Import all the necessary java packages and name the file as GridLayoutDemo.java

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2. Set up components to preferred size
3. Add buttons to experiment with Grid Layout
4. Add controls to set up horizontal and vertical gaps
5. Process the Apply gaps button press
6. Create the GUI

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7. Create and set up the window,Set up the content pane and Display the Window
8. Schedule a job for the event dispatch thread
9. Show the application's GUI

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21 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:

Figure 1: Horizontal, Left-to-Right Figure 2: Horizontal, Right-to-Left

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Result:
Thus the program to develop an application in java using Grid APIs was successfully executed.


22 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop an application in Java using Grid APIs

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Applications:
Used for defining a application programme interface for common distributes computing functionality

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1) Describe the two most important advantages of using Distributed/Grid Computing.
2) What is the main function of DNS?
3) Briefly outline two applications of Public Key systems.
4) Provide one major difference between synchronous and asynchronous communication.
5) Provide one major difference between ASCII and Unicode encodings.

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6) Provide two major differences between sequential computing and parallel computing.
7) Write the any three Grid Applications.
8) Give the examples of Hardware service provider.
9) Give the example of software application ASP.
10) What are grid portals? Give example.

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11) What are the high level services including in existing globus tool kit?
12) Name the components available in Nimrod architecture?
13) What are the major objectives of Euro grid project?
14) What is the application specific work packages identified for the Euro grid?
15) Define dynamic accounting system.

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Viva-voce

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23 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

EX.NO. 05: DEVELOP SECURED APPLICATIONS USING BASIC

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SECURITY MECHANISMS AVAILABLE IN GLOBUS TOOLKIT.
Aim:
To develop a secured applications using a basic security mechanisms available in Globus toolkit
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
The Globus Toolkit incorporates multiple security components that establish the identity of users or services
(authentication), protect communications, and determine who is allowed to perform what actions (authorization), as

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well as manage user credentials.
? GSI C: The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and
certificate management.
? MyProxy: MyProxy is open source software for managing X.509 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) security
credentials (certificates and private keys).

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? GSI-OpenSSH: GSI-OpenSSH is a modified version of OpenSSH that adds support for X.509 proxy
certificate authentication and delegation, providing a single sign-on remote login and file transfer service.
The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and certificate
management. The authentication API is built using Public KeyInfrastructure (PKI) technologies, e.g. X.509
Certificates and TLS. In addition to authentication it features a delegation mechanism based upon X.509 Proxy

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Certificates. Authorization support takes the form of a couple of APIs. The first provides a generic authorization API
that allows callouts to perform access control based on the client's credentials (i.e. the X.509 certificate chain). The
second provides a simple access control list that maps authorized remote entities to local (system) user names. The
second mechanism also provides callouts that allow third parties to override the default behavior and is currently
used in the Gatekeeper and GridFTP servers. In addition to the above there are various lower level APIs and tools

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for managing, discovering and querying certificates.
Components for Grid Security
1. Basic Security Mechanisms
2. Components for Credential Generation
3. Components for Credential Management

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24 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Beyond verifying the identities of users and services, basic Grid security mechanisms leave access control decisions

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to services. The Grid community has developed authorization and access control tools for storing and providing
access to system-wide authorization information and for creating a central data store for supporting decentralized
control mechanisms.
Basic Security Mechanisms
? Pre-Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A non-Web services implementation of the Grid

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Security Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI
mechanisms
? Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A Web services implementation of the Grid Security
Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI mechanisms

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Result:

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Thus the program to develop a security application available in Globus toolkit was successfully executed.
Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a secured applications using a basic security

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mechanisms available in Globus toolkit



25 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Applications:
To provide easy acces to best breed open source network security

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1. What are the collective services available in grid computing?
2. What are the basic principles of autonomous computing?
3. What are the four essential characteristics of on demand business?
4. What are the essential capabilities provided by on demand business?
5. What are the two most important technologies for building semantic webs?

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6. Define Peer to Peer computing?
7. What is the combination of Globus GT3 toolkit?
8. What is a GT3 core?
9. What are the components available in service model?
10. Define WS-Trust

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11. Define WS ?Federation
12. Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
13. Who are the actors in CDC?
14. Mention the scenarios in CDC?
15. What are the functional requirements of CDC on OGSA?

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Viva-voce

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26 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 06: DEVELOP A GRID PORTAL, WHERE USER CAN SUBMIT

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A JOB AND GET THE RESULT, IMPLEMENT IT WITH AND WITHOUT
GRAM CONCEPT.
Aim:
To develop a Grid portal and implement it with and without GRAM concept
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

Procedure:

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Multiple times that the likely user interface to grid applications will be through portals, specifically Web portals. A grid
portal may be constructed as a Web page interface to provide easy access to grid applications. The Web user
interface provides user authentication, job submission, job monitoring, and results of the job.
Globus Resource Allocation Manager (GRAM)
When a job is submitted by a client, the request is sent to the remote host and handled by a gatekeeper daemon.

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The gatekeeper creates a job manager to start and monitor the job. When the job is finished, the job manager
sends the status information back to the client and terminates.
The GRAM subsystem consists of the following elements:
? The globusrun command and associated APIs Resource Specification Language (RSL)
? The gatekeeper daemon The job manager Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator (DUROC)

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Each of these elements are described briefly below.
The globusrun command
The globusrun command (or its equivalent API) submits a job to a resource within the grid. This command
is typically passed an RSL string (see below) that specifies parameters and other properties required to successfully
launch and run the job

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27 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Resource Specification Language (RSL)

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RSL is a language used by clients to specify the job to be run. All job submission requests are described in an RSL
string that includes information such as the executable file; its parameters; information about redirection of stdin,
stdout, and stderr; and so on. Basically it provides a standard way of specifying all of the information required to
execute a job, independent of the target environment. It is then the responsibility of the job manager on the target
system to parse the information and launch the job in the appropriate way.

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The syntax of RSL is very straightforward. Each statement is enclosed within parenthesis. Comments are
designated with parenthesis and asterisks, for example, (* this is a comment *). Supported attributes include the
following:
rsl_substitution: Defines variables
executable: The script or command to be run

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arguments: Information or flags to be passed to the executable
stdin: Specifies the remote URL and local file used for the executable stdout: Specifies the remote file to place
standard output from the job stderr: Specifies the remote file to place standard error from the job queue: Specifies the
queue to submit the job (requires a scheduler) count: Specifies the number of executions
directory: Specifies the directory to run the job

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project: Specifies a project account for the job (requires a scheduler) dryRun: Verifies the RSL string but
does not run the job
maxMemory: Specifies the maximum amount of memory in MBs required for the job
minMemory: Specifies the minimum amount of memory in MBs required for the job
hostCount: Specifies the number of nodes in a cluster required for the job environment: Specifies environment

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variables that are required for the job
jobType: Specifies the type of job single process, multi-process, mpi, or condor
maxTime: Specifies the maximum execution wall or cpu time for one execution
maxWallTime: Specifies the maximum walltime for one execution maxCpuTime: Specifies the maximum
cpu time for one execution

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gramMyjob: Specifies the whether the gram myjob interface starts one process/thread (independent) or more
(collective)


28 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to develop Grid Portal was successfully executed.

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29 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid portal and implement it with and
without GRAM concept
Application:
? It is useful and necessary for interfaces for the performance of operations on the Grid. The Grid
Portal Development Kit (GPDK) facilitates the development of Grid portals and provides several key

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reusable components for accessing various Grid services.
? A Grid Portal provides a customizable interface allowing scientists to perform a variety of Grid
operations including remote program submission, file staging, and querying of information services
from a single, secure gateway.
? The Grid Portal Development Kit leverages off existing Globus/Grid middleware infrastructure as

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well as commodity web technology including Java Server Pages and servlets .



1) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?

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2) What are the major goals of OGSA?
3) What are the more specific goals of OGSA?
4) What are the main purposes of use case defined by OGSA?
5) Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
6) What are the layers available in OGSA architectural organizations?

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7) What are the OGSA basic services?
8) What are the two aspects involved in GRAM?
9) What are the two kinds of lifecycle model associated with state data recovery?
10) What is a GT3 core?
11) What are the major components of default server side framework?

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12) What is Grid container?
13) What are the two levels of security available in GT3?
14) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?
15) What are the two different message-level authentication mechanisms provided by GT3 framework?
16) What are the most common GT3 security handlers?

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Viva-voce


30 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO CLOUD COMPUTING

What is cloud computing?
Cloud computing means that instead of all the computer hardware and software you're using sitting on your
desktop, or somewhere inside your company's network, it's provided for you as a service by another company and

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accessed over the Internet, usually in a completely seamless way. Exactly where the hardware and software is
located and how it all works doesn't matter to you, the user?it's just somewhere up in the nebulous "cloud" that the
Internet represents.
Cloud computing is a buzzword that means different things to different people. For some, it's just another way of
describing IT (information technology) "outsourcing"; others use it to mean any computing service provided over the

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Internet or a similar network; and some define it as any bought-in computer service you use that sits outside your
firewall.
Types of cloud computing
IT people talk about three different kinds of cloud computing, where different services are being provided for you.
Note that there's a certain amount of vagueness about how these things are defined and some overlap between

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them.
? Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) means you're buying access to raw computing hardware over the Net,
such as servers or storage. Since you buy what you need and pay-as-you-go, this is often referred to as
utility computing. Ordinary web hosting is a simple example of IaaS: you pay a monthly subscription or a
per-megabyte/gigabyte fee to have a hosting company serve up files for your website from their servers.

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? Software as a Service (SaaS) means you use a complete application running on someone else's system.
Web-based email and Google Documents are perhaps the best-known examples. Zoho is another well-
known SaaS provider offering a variety of office applications online.
? Platform as a Service (PaaS) means you develop applications using Web-based tools so they run on
systems software and hardware provided by another company. So, for example, you might develop your

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own ecommerce website but have the whole thing, including the shopping cart, checkout, and payment
mechanism running on a merchant's server. App Cloud (from salesforce.com) and the Google App Engine
are examples of PaaS.
Advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing
Advantages

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The pros of cloud computing are obvious and compelling. If your business is selling books or repairing shoes,
why get involved in the nitty gritty of buying and maintaining a complex computer system? If you run an insurance
office, do you really want your sales agents wasting time running anti-virus software, upgrading word-processors, or
worrying about hard-drive crashes? Do you really want them cluttering your expensive computers with their personal

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31 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

emails, illegally shared MP3 files, and naughty YouTube videos?when you could leave that responsibility to
someone else? Cloud computing allows you to buy in only the services you want, when you want them, cutting the

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upfront capital costs of computers and peripherals. You avoid equipment going out of date and other familiar IT
problems like ensuring system security and reliability. You can add extra services (or take them away) at a moment's
notice as your business needs change. It's really quick and easy to add new applications or services to your
business without waiting weeks or months for the new computer (and its software) to arrive.
Drawbacks

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Instant convenience comes at a price. Instead of purchasing computers and software, cloud computing means you
buy services, so one-off, upfront capital costs become ongoing operating costs instead. That might work out much
more expensive in the long-term.
If you're using software as a service (for example, writing a report using an online word processor or sending emails
through webmail), you need a reliable, high-speed, broadband Internet connection functioning the whole time you're

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working. That's something we take for granted in countries such as the United States, but it's much more of an issue
in developing countries or rural areas where broadband is unavailable.
An Introduction to Cloud Computing with OpenNebula
An OpenNebula Private Cloud provides infrastructure users with an elastic platform for fast delivery and scalability of
services to meet dynamic demands of service end-users. Services are hosted in VMs, and then submitted,

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monitored and controlled in the Cloud by using Sunstone or any of the OpenNebula interfaces:
? Command Line Interface (CLI)
? XML-RPC API
? OpenNebulaRuby and Java Cloud APIs
The aim of a Private Cloud is not to expose to the world a cloud interface to sell capacity over the Internet, but to

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provide local cloud users and administrators with a flexible and agile private infrastructure to run virtualized service
workloads within the administrative domain. OpenNebula virtual infrastructure interfaces expose user and
administrator functionality for virtualization, networking, image and physical resource configuration, management,
monitoring and accounting.

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32 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


Expt.No.1: FIND PROCEDURE TO RUN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE OF
DIFFERENT CONFIGURATION. CHECK HOW MANY VIRTUAL

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MACHINES CAN BE UTILIZED AT PARTICULAR TIME.

Aim:
To Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be
utilized at particular time

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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Creating Virtual Machines
In OpenNebula the Virtual Machines are defined with Template files. The Template Repository system allows
OpenNebula administrators and users to register Virtual Machine definitions in the system, to be instantiated later as
Virtual Machine instances. These Templates can be instantiated several times, and also shared with other users.

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Virtual Machine Model
A Virtual Machine within the OpenNebula system consists of:
? A capacity in terms memory and CPU
? A set of NICs attached to one or more virtual networks
? A set of disk images

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? A state file (optional) or recovery file, that contains the memory image of a running VM plus some hypervisor
specific information.
The above items, plus some additional VM attributes like the OS kernel and context information to be used inside the
VM, are specified in a template file.
Defining a VM in 3 Steps

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Virtual Machines are defined in an OpenNebula Template. Templates are stored in a repository to easily browse and
instantiate VMs from them. To create a new Template you have to define 3 things


33 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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? Capacity & Name, how big will the VM be?
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
NAME Name that the VM will get for description purposes. Yes one-
MEMORY Amount of RAM required for the VM, in Megabytes. Yes

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CPU CPU ratio (e..g half a physical CPU is 0.5). Yes
VCPU Number of virtual cpus. No 1
Disks. Each disk is defined with a DISK attribute. A VM can use three types of disk:
? Use a persistent Image changes to the disk image will persist after the VM is shutdown.
? Use a non-persistent Image images are cloned, changes to the image will be lost.

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? Volatile disks are created on the fly on the target host. After the VM is shutdown the disk is disposed.

Persistent and Clone Disks
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
IMAGE_ID and IMAGE The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes

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IMAGE_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No self
IMAGE_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No self
Volatile
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
TYPE

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Type of the disk: swap, fs. swap type will set the label to swap so it is
easier to mount and the context packages will automatically mount it.
Yes
SIZE size in MB Yes
FORMAT

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filesystem for fs images: ext2, ext3, etc. raw will not format the image. For
VMs to run on vmfs or vmwareshared configurations, the valid values are:
Yes

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34 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Attribute Description Mandatory Default
vmdk_thin, vmdk_zeroedthick, vmdk_eagerzeroedthick

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Network Interfaces. Each network interface of a VM is defined with the NIC attribute.
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
NETWORK_ID and NETWORK The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes
NETWORK_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No Self
NETWORK_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No Self

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The following example shows a VM Template file with a couple of disks and a network interface, also a VNC section
was added.
NAME = test-vm
MEMORY = 128

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CPU = 1

DISK = [ IMAGE = "Arch Linux" ]
DISK = [ TYPE = swap,
SIZE = 1024 ]

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NIC = [ NETWORK = "Public", NETWORK_UNAME="oneadmin" ]

GRAPHICS = [
TYPE = "vnc",

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LISTEN = "0.0.0.0"]
Simple templates can be also created using the command line instead of creating a template file. The parameters to
do this for onetemplate are:

Parameter

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Description
--namename Name for the VM
--cpucpu CPU percentage reserved for the VM (1=100% one CPU)

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35 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


Parameter

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Description
--vcpuvcpu Number of virtualized CPUs
--archarch Architecture of the VM, e.g.: i386 or x86_64
--memorymemory Memory ammount given to the VM

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--diskdisk0,disk1 Disks to attach. To use a disk owned by other user use user[disk]
--nicvnet0,vnet1 Networks to attach. To use a network owned by other user use user[network]
--rawstring
Raw string to add to the template. Not to be confused with the RAW attribute. If you want
to provide more than one element, just include an enter inside quotes, instead of using

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more than one -raw option
--vnc Add VNC server to the VM
--ssh[file]
Add an ssh public key to the context. If the file is omited then the user variable
SSH_PUBLIC_KEY will be used.

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--net_context Add network contextualization parameters
--contextline1,line2 * Lines to add to the context section
--bootdevice Select boot device (hd, fd, cdrom or network)
A similar template as the previous example can be created with the following command:
$ onetemplate create --name test-vm --memory 128 --cpu 1 --disk "Arch Linux" --nic Public

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Managing Virtual Machines
Assuming we have a VM Template registered called vm-example with ID 6, then we can instantiate the VM issuing
a:
$ onetemplate list

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ID USER GROUP NAME REGTIME
6 oneadminoneadminvm_example 09/28 06:44:07

$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm

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36 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

VM ID: 0
If the template has USER INPUTSdefined the CLI will prompt the user for these values:

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$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm

There are some parameters that require user input.

* (BLOG_TITLE) Blog Title:

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* (DB_PASSWORD) Database Password:
VM ID: 0
Afterwards, the VM can be listed with the onevmlist command. You can also use the onevmtop command to list VMs
continuously.
$ onevm list

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ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME
0 oneadminoneadminmy_vm pend 0 0K 00 00:00:03
After a Scheduling cycle, the VM will be automatically deployed. But the deployment can also be forced by oneadmin
using onevmdeploy:

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$ onehost list

ID NAME RVM TCPU FCPU ACPU TMEM FMEM AMEM STAT
2 testbed 0 800 800 800 16G 16G16G on
$ onevm deploy 0 2

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$ onevm list

ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME
0 oneadminoneadminmy_vmrunn 0 0K testbed 00 00:02:40

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$ onevm show 0
VIRTUAL MACHINE 0 INFORMATION
ID :0
NAME : my_vm

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USER : oneadmin
GROUP : oneadmin


37 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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STATE : ACTIVE
LCM_STATE : RUNNING
START TIME : 04/14 09:00:24
END TIME : -

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DEPLOY ID: : one-0
PERMISSIONS
OWNER : um-
GROUP : ---
OTHER : ---

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VIRTUAL MACHINE MONITORING
NET_TX : 13.05
NET_RX : 0
USED MEMORY : 512
USED CPU : 0

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VIRTUAL MACHINE TEMPLATE
VIRTUAL MACHINE HISTORY

SEQ HOSTNAME REASON START TIME PTIME

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0 testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00
testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00

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38 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to run virtual machines on different configuration was successfully executed & its utilization time is
checked in various machines.

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39 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find procedure to run the virtual machine of different
Configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
Applications:

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? An advantage of virtualizing the workload?s I/O path enables hardware independence by
abstracting vendor specific drivers to more generalized versions that run on the hypervisor.
? It allows the live migration, which is one of virtualization?s greatest availability strengths
? The sharing of aggregate resources, such as network paths

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1. What is cloud computing?
2. What are the benefits of cloud computing?
3. What are the different data types used in cloud computing?

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4. What are the different layers in cloud computing?
5. What do you mean by software as a service?
6. What is on-demand functionality? How is it provided in cloud computing?
7. What are the platforms used for large scale cloud computing?
8. What are the different models for deployment in cloud computing?

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9. What is the difference between cloud computing and mobile computing?
10. What are the open source cloud computing platform databases?
11. What is the difference between cloud and traditional datacenters?
12. Why API's is used in cloud services?
13. What are the different datacenters in cloud computing?

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14. Define API in data virtualization?
15. List of API in cloud?
Viva-voce

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40 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No.02: FIND PROCEDURE TO ATTACH VIRTUAL BLOCK TO
THE VIRTUAL MACHINE AND CHECK WHETHER IT HOLDS THE
DATA EVEN AFTER THE RELEASE OF THE VIRTUAL MACHINE.

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Aim:
To find a procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even after the
release of the virtual machine

Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
VirtualBox uses a special kernel module called vboxdrv to perform physical memory allocation and to gain control of
the processor for guest system execution. Without this kernel module, you can still use the VirtualBox manager to
configure virtual machines, but they will not start. In addition, there are the network kernel modules vboxnetflt and
vboxnetadp which are required for the more advanced networking features of VirtualBox.

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The VirtualBox kernel module is automatically installed on your system when you install VirtualBox. To
maintain it with future kernel updates, for those Linux distributions which provide it -- most current ones -- we
recommend installing Dynamic Kernel Module Support (DKMS). This framework helps with building and upgrading
kernel modules.
If DKMS is not already installed, execute one of the following:

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On an Ubuntu system:
sudo apt-get install dkms
If DKMS is available and installed, the VirtualBox kernel module should always work automatically, and it will be
automatically rebuilt if your host kernel is updated.
Otherwise, there are only two situations in which you will need to worry about the kernel module:

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1. The original installation fails. This probably means that your Linux system is not prepared for building
external kernel modules.


41 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Most Linux distributions can be set up simply by installing the right packages - normally, these will be the
GNU compiler (GCC), GNU Make (make) and packages containing header files for your kernel - and making
sure that all system updates are installed and that the system is running the most up-to-date kernel included
in the distribution. The version numbers of the header file packages must be the same as that of the kernel

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you are using.
? With Debian and Ubuntu releases, you must install the right version of the linux-headers and if it exists
the linux-kbuild package. Current Ubuntu releases should have the right packages installed by default.
? In even older Debian and Ubuntu releases, you must install the right version of the kernel-headers
package.

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? On Fedora and Redhat systems, the package is kernel-devel.
? On SUSE and openSUSE Linux, you must install the right versions of the kernel-source and kernel-syms
packages.
? If you have built your own kernel, you will need to make sure that you also installed all the required
header and other files for building external modules to the right locations. The details of how to do

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this will depend on how you built your kernel, and if you are unsure you should consult the
documentation which you followed to do so.
2. The kernel of your Linux host was updated and DKMS is not installed. In that case, the kernel module will
need to be reinstalled by executing (as root):
rcvboxdrv setup

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Performing the installation
VirtualBox is available in a number of package formats native to various common Linux distributions. In addition,
there is an alternative generic installer (.run) which should work on most Linux distributions.
Installing VirtualBox from a Debian/Ubuntu package
First, download the appropriate package for your distribution. The following examples assume that you are installing

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to a 32-bit Ubuntu Wily system. Use dpkg to install the Debian package:
sudodpkg -i virtualbox-5.0_5.0.20_Ubuntu_wily_i386.deb
The installer will also try to build kernel modules suitable for the current running kernel. If the build process is not
successful you will be shown a warning and the package will be left unconfigured. Please have a look at /var/log/vbox-
install.log to find out why the compilation failed. You may have to install the appropriate Linux kernel After correcting

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any problems, do


42 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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sudorcvboxdrv setup
This will start a second attempt to build the module.
If a suitable kernel module was found in the package or the module was successfully built, the installation script will
attempt to load that module.
Once VirtualBox has been successfully installed and configured, you can start it by selecting "VirtualBox" in your

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start menu or from the command line.
Using the alternative installer (VirtualBox.run)
The alternative installer performs the following steps:
? It unpacks the application files to the target directory,
/opt/VirtualBox/

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which cannot be changed.
? It builds the VirtualBox kernel modules (vboxdrv, vboxnetflt and vboxnetadp) and installs them.
? It creates /sbin/rcvboxdrv, an init script to start the VirtualBox kernel module.
? It creates a new system group called vboxusers.
? It creates symbolic links in /usr/bin to the a shell script (/opt/VirtualBox/VBox) which does some sanity checks

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and dispatches to the actual executables, VirtualBox, VBoxSDL, VBoxVRDP, VBoxHeadless and VBoxManage
? It creates /etc/udev/rules.d/60-vboxdrv.rules, a description file for udev, if that is present, which makes the USB
devices accessible to all users in the vboxusers group.
? It writes the installation directory to /etc/vbox/vbox.cfg.
The installer must be executed as root with either install or uninstall as the first parameter.

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sudo ./VirtualBox.run install
Or if you do not have the "sudo" command available, run the following as root instead:
./VirtualBox.run install

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43 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

After that you need to put every user which should be able to access USB devices from VirtualBox guests in the
group vboxusers, either through the GUI user management tools or by running the following command as root:
sudousermod -a -G vboxusers username

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Performing a manual installation
If, for any reason, you cannot use the shell script installer described previously, you can also perform a manual
installation. Invoke the installer like this:
./VirtualBox.run --keep --noexec
This will unpack all the files needed for installation in the directory install under the current directory. The VirtualBox

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application files are contained in VirtualBox.tar.bz2 which you can unpack to any directory on your system. For
example:
sudomkdir /opt/VirtualBox
sudo tar jxf ./install/VirtualBox.tar.bz2 -C /opt/VirtualBox
or as root:

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mkdir /opt/VirtualBox
tarjxf ./install/VirtualBox.tar.bz2 -C /opt/VirtualBox
The sources for VirtualBox's kernel module are provided in the src directory. To build the module, change to the
directory and issuemake
If everything builds correctly, issue the following command to install the module to the appropriate module directory:

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sudo make install
In case you do not have sudo, switch the user account to root and performmake install
The VirtualBox kernel module needs a device node to operate. The above make command will tell you how to create
the device node, depending on your Linux system. The procedure is slightly different for a classical Linux setup with
a /dev directory, a system with the now deprecated devfs and a modern Linux system with udev.

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Note that the /dev/vboxdrv kernel module device node must be owned by root:root and must be read/writable only for
the user.Next, you will have to install the system initialization script for the kernel module:
cp /opt/VirtualBox/vboxdrv.sh /sbin/rcvboxdrv
mkdir /etc/vbox
echo INSTALL_DIR=/opt/VirtualBox> /etc/vbox/vbox.cfg

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44 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

and, for convenience, create the following symbolic links:

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ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VirtualBox
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxManage
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxHeadless
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxSDL

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Sample Output:

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Result:
Thus the program to attach virtual block to virtual machine was successfully executed & checked whether it holds the
data after the release of the virtual machine.

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45 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find a procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual
machine and check whether it holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
Application:
? To support the Cloud Computing with the Virtual Block Store System. The fast development of cloud

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computing systems stimulates the needs for a standalone block storage system to provide persistent
block storage services to virtual machines maintained by clouds.

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1. What is Type-1 and Type-2 hypervisor?
2. What is the use of virsh command?
3. Explain how you can transfer volume from one owner to another in Open Stack?
4. Discuss about KVM Features?
5. What is Virtual block?

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6. What is Virtualization?
7. What are virtual clusters?
8. How virtualization happens in data center?
9. List some of the open source grid middleware packages.
10. What is a programming model?

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11. What is Hadoop?
12. What are map and reduce functions?
13. How to run a job in hadoop?
14. What is HDFS?
15. What are the open source grid middleware packages?

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16. What is peer to peer computing?
17. What are node clusters?
18. How virtual migration happens in data center?
Viva-voce

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46 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No.03: INSTALL A C COMPILER IN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE AND
EXECUTE A SAMPLE PROGRAM.

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Aim:
To Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Create a VM and Install any OS on it.
2.Install a C compiler on OS
3.Open a Editor and type the sample program and Save.

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4.Compile and run the Program
Example:
C programming on Linux based Environement

1. Open Terminal (Applications-Accessories-Terminal)

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2. Open gedit by typing ?gedit&? on terminal(You can also use any other Text Editor application)
3. Type the following on gedit
(or any other text editor)
#include
main()

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{
printf("Hello World\n");
}
Save this file as
?helloworld. C?

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5. Type ?ls? on Terminal to see all files under current folder
6. Confirm that ?helloworld.c? is in the current directory.
If not, type cd DIRECTORY_PATH to go to the
directory that has ?helloworld.c?
7. Type ?gcchelloworld.c? to compile, and type ?ls? to

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confirm that a new executable file ?a.out? is created
8. Type ?./a.out? on Terminal to run the program

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47 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to install a C complier is done and the sample program was executed successfully.


48 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and

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execute a sample program
Application:
The application of installing a C compiler in the virtual machine benefits to have a portable executable, for
each platform.

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1. What is the difference between Xen & KVM ?
2. What are different hypervisors available in Linux ?
3. Which command is used to list all virtual machine running on the KVM hypervisor ?
4. What are the different states of a VM in Xen hypervisor ?
5. How to forcefully shutdown the KVM based virtual machine from the command line ?

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6. What is virtual Machine?
7. What is Compiler?
8. What is Directory?
9. List the C Compilers available?
10. What is virtualization?

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11. List out VM operations
12. What are different hypervisors available in windows?
13. How to implement applications on the cloud to install C compiler?
14. What are grid and cloud tools available?
15. What is hypervisor?

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Viva-voce


49 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No.04: SHOW THE VIRTUAL MACHINE MIGRATION BASED ON
THE CERTAIN CONDITION FROM ONE NODE TO THE OTHER.

Aim:
To Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
1.Update source and target virtual machines to latest package versions
To help ensure that platform images between cloud providers are running the same version of key operating system
packages, update these packages to the latest versions on both source and target virtual machines.

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sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
2. Install rsync and screen packages on source and target virtual machines
The migration of application packages and files in this process will use rsync over ssh between source and target
virtual machines. The actual transfer of files between virtual machines can take some time, so I also recommend

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using screen so that you can easily re-attach to an in-progress migration session if you are inadvertently
disconnected.
Ensure that rsync and screen packages are installed on both the source and target virtual machines with these
commands:
sudo apt-get install rsync

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sudo apt-get install screen
3. Add a consistent user account to both source and target virtual machines
To facilitate the migration process, ensure that you have a consistent user account configured on both source and
target virtual machines with sudo enabled. The newly provisioned target virtual machines from Task 3 already

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50 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

include a user named azureuser with sudo enabled. To configure this same user on each source virtual machine,
use the following commands:

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sudogroupadd -g 500 azureuser
sudouseradd -u 500 -g 500 -m -s /bin/bash azureuser
sudopasswdazureuser
4. Start a screen session for the migration
On the source virtual machine, enter a new screen session for the migration by using the following command:

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sudo screen -S AzureMigration
If you are disconnected from the source virtual machine during the migration process, you can reconnect to the
detached screen session by using the following command after signing in again to the source virtual machine:
sudo screen -r
5. Build an exclusion list of directories and files

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During the migration, we want to be careful to skip any files that include configuration information relating to the
identity of the source virtual machines, such as IP addresses, hostnames, ssh keys, etc. For the Ubuntu-based
virtual machines that we migrated, we used the following commands on each source virtual machine to build our
list of directories and files to exclude from the migration process:
EXCLUDEFILE=/tmp/exclude.file

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EXCLUDELIST='/boot /etc/fstab /etc/hostname /etc/issue /etc/hosts
/etc/sudoers /etc/networks /etc/network/* /etc/resolv.conf
/etc/ssh/* /etc/sysctl.conf /etc/mtab /etc/udev/rules.d/*
/lock /net /tmp'
EXCLUDEPATH=$(echo $EXCLUDELIST | sed 's/\ /\\n/g')

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echo -e $EXCLUDEPATH > $EXCLUDEFILE
find / -name '*cloud-init*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE
find / -name '*cloud-config*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE
find / -name '*cloud-final*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE

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51 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

The actual list of directories and files that you exclude may vary from this list, based on the Linux distro version,
packages and applications that you are migrating.

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Credits: Kudos to Kevin Carter who wrote a great article a couple years ago that provided a useful starting point for
building a list of directories and files to consider excluding as part of a Linux-to-Linux migration process!
6. Stop applications during migration
To minimize application data changes from occurring during the migration process, stop the related applications and
daemons on the source virtual machines. The application that we migrated was a web application built using

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Apache2, so we simply stopped the related Apache2 daemon.
sudo service stop apache2
7. Migrate the application files and data
From each source virtual machine, migrate application files and data using two rsync passes over ssh. The first
pass performs the bulk of the data transfer, whereas the second pass uses checksums to confirm that all files were

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transferred successfully.
TARGETVM="insert_target_vm_public_ip_address"
rsync -e "ssh" -rlpEAXogDtSzh -P -x ?exclude-from="$EXCLUDEFILE" ?rsync-path="sudorsync" ?
verbose ?progress / azureuser@$TARGETVM:/
rsync -e "ssh" -crlpEAXogDtSzh -P -x ?exclude-from="$EXCLUDEFILE" ?rsync-path="sudorsync" ?

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verbose ?progress / azureuser@$TARGETVM:/
8. Restart each target virtual machine
After both rsync passes have completed, restart each target virtual machine to complete the migration
process.
sshazureuser@$TARGETVM

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shutdown -r now



52 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to implement migration of virtual machine was executed successfully.

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53 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to Show the virtual machine migration based on the
certain condition from one node to the other
Application:
? Its easier to migrate a Virtual Machine from one server to another, than migrating the operating

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system and application(s) individually.
? Using Virtual Machine Migration, its possible to migrate operating systems and applications from
older servers to newer servers easily and without disrupting the services.

1. What are the basic requirements of VM live migration in KVM?

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2. Which command is used in KVM for VMs live migration?
3. How to get hardware information of KVM guest machine?
4. What is VM migration?
5. Which type of virtualization is also characteristic of cloud computing ?
6. Which virtualization standard does the WebSphere Application Server Hypervisor Edition use?

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7.Which three tools are included in the IBM Rational Jazz Collaborative Application Lifecycle
Management (C/ALM) solution?
8. What are two ways a public cloud helps customers reduce their IT costs?
9.What functionality is provided by the IBM Security Network Intrusion Prevention System Virtual
Appliance for a cloud environment?

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10. What are two important benefits of using cloud computing?
11. What is the value of IBM Security Information and Event Manager in a cloud provider environment?
12. What is the main purpose of an IBM CloudBurst solution?
Viva-voce

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54 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

EX.NO.5: PROCEDURE TO INSTALL STORAGE CONTROLLER AND
INTERACT WITH IT.

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Aim:
Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it

Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

Procedure:

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To install Storage Control, follow these steps.
Ensure that Systems Director 6.3 is installed and running.
Ensure that you are logged in to Systems Director with a user ID that has administrative privileges.
Windows only: Restart the DB2 Management server.

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a) Go to Start >Administrative Tools >Services.
b) Select DB2 Management Service from the services window and restart it.
If you want to download and install Storage Control, go to step 5. If you want to install Storage Control from read-
only media, such as a CD or mounted .iso image, go to step 8.
From the Systems Director summary page, click the link Try Storage Control in the upper right corner.

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A download page opens. Download the appropriate file for your operating system.
7.Extract the files to the directory where you want to install Storage Control, then go to step 9.
8. Copy the Storage Control installer directory from the CD or the mounted .iso image into a temporary directory
close to the system root. For example, /SCInstall for AIX or Linux and C:\SCInstall for Windows.
9. Access a command window and navigate to the directory where you extracted the files or where you copied

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the installer directory. Run the appropriate script. If you do not want the license agreement to display, use the -
ioption when you run the script. For example, StorageControlInstall.sh -i.
Important: If you are not using IBM DB2 managed by Systems Director, then
the DB2 user ID used must have DB2 Administrator privileges.
On Microsoft Windows systems, run the script StorageControlInstall.bat.

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55 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

On Linux and AIX systems, run the script StorageControlInstall.sh.

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10. Restart Systems Director as directed.

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Result:
Thus the program to install storage controller was executed successfully.


56 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find procedure to install storage controller and

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interact with it
Application:
A controller offers a level of abstraction between an operating system and the physical drives. A RAID
controller presents groups to applications and operating systems as logical units for which data protection
schemes can be defined.

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1. What is a snapshot?
2. What is Thick Provision Lazy Zeroed?
3. What is Thick Provision Eager Zeroed?
4. What is Thin Provision?

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5. What is VDI?
6. What is storage vMotion?
7. How many virtual CPUs can I use on a Fault Tolerant virtual machine?
8. What is the use of vmware tools?
9. What happens if vCenter Server is offline when a failover event occurs?

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10. What are the monitoring methods used for vSphere HA?
11. What are the roles of a master host in vSphere HA?
12. What is the hardware version used in VMware ESXi 5.5?
13. What is server virtualization?
14. What is Network Virtualization?

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15. What is template?
Viva-Voce


57 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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EX.NO.6: PROCEDURE TO SET UP ONE HADOOP CLUSTER

Aim:

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To Find a procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
Follow the steps given below to have Hadoop Multi-Node cluster setup.
Installing Java
Java is the main prerequisite for Hadoop. First of all, you should verify the existence of java in your system using
?java -version?. The syntax of java version command is given below.

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$ java-version
If everything works fine it will give you the following output.
java version "1.7.0_71"
Java(TM) SE RuntimeEnvironment(build 1.7.0_71-b13)
JavaHotSpot(TM)Client VM (build 25.0-b02, mixed mode)

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If java is not installed in your system, then follow the given steps for installing java.
1. Download java (JDK - X64.tar.gz) by visiting the following link
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk7-downloads-1880260.html
Then jdk-7u71-linux-x64.tar.gz will be downloaded into your system.
2. Generally you will find the downloaded java file in Downloads folder. Verify it and extract the jdk-7u71-linux-

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x64.gz file using the following commands.
$ cdDownloads/
$ ls
jdk-7u71-Linux-x64.gz
$ tar zxf jdk-7u71-Linux-x64.gz

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$ ls
jdk1.7.0_71 jdk-7u71-Linux-x64.gz


58 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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3. To make java available to all the users, you have to move it to the location ?/usr/local/?. Open the root, and type
the following commands.
$ su
password:

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# mv jdk1.7.0_71 /usr/local/
# exit
4. For setting up PATH and JAVA_HOME variables, add the following commands to ~/.bashrc file.
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.7.0_71
export PATH=PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin

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Now verify the java -version command from the terminal as explained above. Follow the above process and install
java in all your cluster nodes.
Creating User Account
Create a system user account on both master and slave systems to use the Hadoop installation.
# useraddhadoop

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# passwdhadoop
Mapping the nodes
You have to edit hosts file in /etc/ folder on all nodes, specify the IP address of each system followed by their host
names.
# vi /etc/hosts

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enter the following lines in the /etc/hosts file.
192.168.1.109hadoop-master
192.168.1.145 hadoop-slave-1
192.168.56.1 hadoop-slave-2
Configuring Key Based Login

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Setup ssh in every node such that they can communicate with one another without any prompt for password.
# suhadoop
$ ssh-keygen-t rsa
$ ssh-copy-id-i~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub tutorialspoint@hadoop-master
$ ssh-copy-id-i~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop_tp1@hadoop-slave-1

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$ ssh-copy-id-i~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop_tp2@hadoop-slave-2
$ chmod0600~/.ssh/authorized_keys
$ exit
Installing Hadoop
In the Master server, download and install Hadoop using the following commands.

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# mkdir /opt/hadoop
# cd /opt/hadoop/
# wget http://apache.mesi.com.ar/hadoop/common/hadoop-1.2.1/hadoop-1.2.0.tar.gz
# tar -xzf hadoop-1.2.0.tar.gz
# mv hadoop-1.2.0 hadoop

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FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice


0 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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College o f Engineering
?

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DEPARTMENT OF
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
VII SEMESTER - R 2013

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Name : ______________________________________
Reg. No. : ______________________________________

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Section : ______________________________________
LABORATORY MANUAL


1 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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DHANALAKSHMI


is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and enterprising

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professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and training.


? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic Excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at different levels

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? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart and
soul

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

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To strive for acquiring, applying and imparting knowledge in Computer Science and Engineering through quality
education and to provide enthusiastic professionals with commitment


? To produce highly competent and globally employable engineers in the field of Computer Science and

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Engineering
? To inculcate human values among the student community and make them realize their commitment to the society
? To exhibit excellence in pursuit of research and innovative products with a zeal to serve the society

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VISION
VISION
MISSION
MISSION

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2 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)
1. Fundamentals

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To provide students with a solid foundation in Mathematics, Science and fundamentals of engineering, enabling
them to apply, to find solutions for engineering problems and use this knowledge to acquire higher education
2. Core Competence
To train the students in Computer science and engineering technologies so that they apply their knowledge and
training to compare, and to analyze various engineering industrial problems to find solutions

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3. Breadth
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice this enables them to
find solutions for the real time problems in industry, and to design products
4. Professionalism
To inculcate professional and effective communication skills, leadership qualities and team spirit in the students

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to make them multi-faceted personalities and develop their ability to relate engineering issues to broader social
context
5. Lifelong Learning/Ethics
To demonstrate and practice ethical and professional responsibilities in the industry and society in the large,
through commitment and lifelong learning needed for successful professional career

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4

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PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)
a) To demonstrate and apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Electronics and Communication Engineering field
b) To design a component, a system or a process to meet the specific needs within the realistic constraints

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such as economics, environment, ethics, health, safety and manufacturability
c) To demonstrate the competency to use software tools for computation, simulation and testing of electronics and
communication engineering circuits
d) To identify, formulate and solve electronic and communication engineering problems
e) To demonstrate an ability to visualize and work on laboratory and multidisciplinary tasks

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f) To function as a member or a leader in multidisciplinary activities
g) To communicate in verbal and written form with fellow engineers and society at large
h) To understand the impact of Electronics and Communication Engineering in the society and demonstrate awareness
of contemporary issues and commitment to give solutions exhibiting social responsibility
i) To demonstrate professional & ethical responsibilities

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j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To participate and succeed in competitive exams

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5 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

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SYLLABUS
Learn the working of ARM processor
Understand the Building Blocks of Embedded Systems
Learn the concept of memory map and memory interface
Know the characteristics of Real Time Systems

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Write programs to interface memory, I/Os with processor
Study the interrupt performance
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
GRID COMPUTING LAB
Use Globus Toolkit or equivalent and do the following:

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1. Develop a new Web Service for Calculator.
2. Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service.
3. Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service.
4. Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs
5. Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus Toolkit.

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6. Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it with and without
GRAM concept.

CLOUD COMPUTING LAB
Use Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent to set up the cloud and demonstrate.

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1. Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines
COURSE OBJECTIVES


6 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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can be utilized at particular time.
2. Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even
after the release of the virtual machine.
3. Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program.

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4. Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other.
5. Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it.
6. Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster.
7. Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE.
8. Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it.

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9. Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits.
? Design and implement applications on the Grid.
? Design and Implement applications on the Cloud.
? Design network objects by applying the networking concepts.
? Create virtualization concept.

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? Design web based applications.
? Apply cloud tools for resource allocation.
? Apply grid tools for network translation.
? Design private cloud using open stack.
COURSE OUTCOMES

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7


CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

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CONTENTS
Sl. No. Name of the Experiment Page No.
CYCLE 1 ? EXPERIMENTS ( GRID COMPUTING)
1
Develop a new Web Service for Calculator 7

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2
Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service 16
3
Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service 19
4

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Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs 22
5
Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus
Toolkit
25

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6
Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it
with and without GRAM concept
27
CYCLE 2 ? EXPERIMENTS (CLOUD COMPUTING)

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1
Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how
many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
34
2

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Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it
holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
36
3 Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program 39
4

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Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to
the other
42
5 Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it 45
6 Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster 47

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7 Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE
ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS
1 Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it 52
2 Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks 55

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INTRODUCTION TO GRID COMPUTING


GRID TECHNOLOGY

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? Flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and
resource
? Grid architecture
? Defined using services and protocols

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? Using the ?sand hourglass? model similar to the TCP/IP protocol stack

"A computational grid is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides dependable, consistent, pervasive and
inexpensive access to high-end computational capabilities."
Grid computing makes it possible to dynamically share and coordinate dispersed, heterogeneous computing

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resources. Flexibility and ubiquity are essential characteristics of Web services technologies such as WSDL (Web
Services Description Language), SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), and UDDI (Universal Description,
Discovery, and Integration).
The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) combines technologies to unlock and exploit grid-attached resources.
OGSA defines mechanisms to create, manage, and exchange information between Grid Services, a special type of

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Web service. The architecture uses WSDL extensively to describe the structure and behavior of a service. Service
descriptions are located and discovered using Web Services Inspection Language (WSIL). By combining elements
from grid computing and Web services technologies, OGSA establishes an extensible and interoperable design and
development framework for Grid Services that includes details for service definition, discovery, and life-cycle
management.

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GLOBUS TOOLKIT

The Globus Toolkit provides software tools to make it easier to build computational grids and grid-based
applications. The Globus Toolkit is both an open architecture and open source toolkit.

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? The Globus Toolkit is a product of the Globus Alliance (http://www.globus.org)
? It is middleware for developing grids
? The current release is 6.0.
? Four key protocols and APIs
? Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI)

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? Grid Resource Allocation & Mgmt (GRAM)
? Grid Resource Information Protocol (GRIP) and Index Information Protocol (GIIP)
? Grid File Transfer Protocol (GridFTP)
? Implementations on many platforms
? Resources, security systems, data models,

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? Various collective layer protocols & tools
? Info services, replica management, etc.
? A basis for many Grid-enabled tools & apps
FTP, SSH, Condor, SRB, MPI, EDG, GridPort,
GLOBUS TOOLKIT? COMPONENTS

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? Security
? GSI ? Grid Security Infrastructure
? Resource Management
? GRAM ? Grid Resource Allocation Manager
o globusrun

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o RSL
o gatekeeper
o job manager
o DUROC ? Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator
? Information Services

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? MDS ? Monitoring and Discovery Service


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o GRIS ? Grid Resource Information Service
o GIIS ? Grid Index Information Service
o MDS Client
? Data Management
o GridFTP, GASS

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The Globus Toolkit latest version 6.0 includes:
GSI: security
GridFTP: file transfer
GRAM: job execution/resource management
MyProxy: credential repository/certificate authority

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GSI-OpenSSH: GSI secure single sign-on remote shell


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GLOBUS TOOLKIT INSTALLATION PROCEDURE
Step1: For installing Globus Toolkit nothing more easy than download the latest package:
http://toolkit.globus.org/ftppub/gt6/installers/repo/globus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
sudodpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Step2: Update the repositories: sudo apt-get update

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Step3: To install Debian or Ubuntu package, download the globus-toolkit-repo package
from the link above and install it with the command:
root@sysa63:/home/#dpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Do the following for Debian-based systems:
root@sysa63:/home/#apt-get install globus-data-management-client

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12 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 01: DEVELOP A NEW WEB SERVICE FOR CALCULATOR

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Aim:
Develop a Web Service for new Calculator
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Our first web service is an extremely simple Math Web Service, which we'll refer to asMathService. It will
2. allow users to perform the following operations:

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a. Addition
b. Subtraction
3. Furthermore, MathService will have the following resource properties (RPs for short):
a. Value (integer)
b. Last operation performed (string)

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4. We will also add a "Get Value" operation to access the Value RP. Once a new resource is created, the
"value" RP is initialized to zero, and the "last operation" RP is initialized to "NONE". The parameter is
added/subtracted to the "value" RP, and the "last operation" RP is changed to "ADDITION" or
"SUBTRACTION" accordingly. Also, the addition and subtraction operations don't return anything.
5. Writing and deploying a WSRF Web Service is easier than you might think. You just have to follow five

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simple steps.
6. Define the service's interface. This is done with WSDL
7. Implement the service. This is done with Java.
8. Define the deployment parameters. This is done with WSDD and JNDI
9. Compile everything and generate a GAR file. This is done with Ant

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10. Deploy service. This is also done with a GT4 tool

Sample Code:

_instance"

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xmlns ="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"
xmlns:tns="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/examples/core/MathService_instance"
xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsrp="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-
ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.xsd" xmlns:wsrpw="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-

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13 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.wsdl"
xmlns:wsdlpp="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/2004/10/WSDLPreprocessor"

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xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">

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Result:

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Thus the program for developing web service for new calculator was successfully executed.



14 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid by using Web Service for new Calculator

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Applications:
To make a calculator in Windows application using web service


1) What is Web Service?

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2) What are the advantages of web services?
3) What are the different types of web services?
4) What is SOAP?
5) What are the advantages of SOAP web services?
6) What are the disadvantages of SOAP web services?

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7) What is WSDL?
8) What is UDDI?
9) What are RESTful web services?
10) What are the advantages of RESTful web services?
11) What is the difference between SOAP and REST web services?

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12) What is SOA service architecture?
13) What tools are used to deploy web services?
14) What is Web Service architecture?
15) What are the advantages of web services in globus toolkit?
16) What are the different types of web services?

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17) What is SOAP web services?
18) What is UDP and TCP?
19) What is stateless SOA?
20) What is data balancing in WSDL?
Viva-voce

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15 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 02: DEVELOP NEW OGSA-COMPLIANT WEB SERVICE

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Aim:
To develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid Service using .NET language.
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

1. Developed by the Global Grid Forum

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2. Aims to define a common, standard, open architecture for Grid Applications.
3. Defines a set of rules that make up a grid service.
4. Sharing and Coordinated use of diverse resources in Dynamic VO's

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Result:
Thus the program for developing OGSA- Complaint web service was successfully executed.

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16 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid
Service using .NET language
Applications:
? Sharing of information among diverse components of large heterogenous grid systems
? WAN

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1. How would you decide what style of Web Service to use? SOAP WS or REST?
2. Does the service expose data or business logic?

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3. Do consumers and the service providers require a formal contract?
4. Do we need to support multiple data formats?
5. Do we need to make AJAX calls?
6. Is the call synchronous or asynchronous?
7. What level of security is required?

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8. What level of transaction support is required?
9. Do we have limited band width?
10. What tools do you use to test your Web Services?
11. What is the difference between SOA and a Web service?
12. What is a microservice architecture (aka MSA)?

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13. What is data integrity?
14. What is cloud infrastructure?


Viva-voce

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17 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 03: USING APACHE AXIS DEVELOP A GRID SERVICE

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Aim:
To develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Creating the New Level in the Package
2. Edit the Configuration Files

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3. Modify the Service Code
4. Modify the Client
5. Compile and Deploy
6. Starting the Container
7. Compile the Client

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8. Run the Client

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18 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:
Addition was successful
Subtraction was successful

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Multiplication was successful
Division was successful
Current value: 20.

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Result:
Thus the program for Grid Service using Apache Axis was successfully executed.

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19 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Applications:
? To create web service in Java

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? To work with Globus Tool kit standards web service


1. What are the different application integration styles?
2. What is Grid Computing?

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3. What is QOS?
4. What are the derivatives of grid computing?
5. What are the features of data grids?
6. What is load balancing?
7. What is grid infrastructure?

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8. Define ? Distributed Computing.
9. Define ? OSGI.
10. Define ? OSGA.
11. What is the use of API?s in cloud services?
12. What is the difference between cloud and grid?

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13. What is data communication?
14. What are the elements of data communication?

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Viva-voce

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20 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 04: DEVELOP APPLICATIONS USING JAVA OR C/C++ GRID
APIS
Aim:

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To develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
1. Import all the necessary java packages and name the file as GridLayoutDemo.java
2. Set up components to preferred size
3. Add buttons to experiment with Grid Layout
4. Add controls to set up horizontal and vertical gaps

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5. Process the Apply gaps button press
6. Create the GUI
7. Create and set up the window,Set up the content pane and Display the Window
8. Schedule a job for the event dispatch thread
9. Show the application's GUI

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21 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00



Sample Output:

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Figure 1: Horizontal, Left-to-Right Figure 2: Horizontal, Right-to-Left

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Result:
Thus the program to develop an application in java using Grid APIs was successfully executed.

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22 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Applications:
Used for defining a application programme interface for common distributes computing functionality

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1) Describe the two most important advantages of using Distributed/Grid Computing.
2) What is the main function of DNS?
3) Briefly outline two applications of Public Key systems.

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4) Provide one major difference between synchronous and asynchronous communication.
5) Provide one major difference between ASCII and Unicode encodings.
6) Provide two major differences between sequential computing and parallel computing.
7) Write the any three Grid Applications.
8) Give the examples of Hardware service provider.

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9) Give the example of software application ASP.
10) What are grid portals? Give example.
11) What are the high level services including in existing globus tool kit?
12) Name the components available in Nimrod architecture?
13) What are the major objectives of Euro grid project?

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14) What is the application specific work packages identified for the Euro grid?
15) Define dynamic accounting system.

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Viva-voce


23 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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EX.NO. 05: DEVELOP SECURED APPLICATIONS USING BASIC
SECURITY MECHANISMS AVAILABLE IN GLOBUS TOOLKIT.
Aim:
To develop a secured applications using a basic security mechanisms available in Globus toolkit

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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The Globus Toolkit incorporates multiple security components that establish the identity of users or services
(authentication), protect communications, and determine who is allowed to perform what actions (authorization), as
well as manage user credentials.
? GSI C: The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and
certificate management.

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? MyProxy: MyProxy is open source software for managing X.509 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) security
credentials (certificates and private keys).
? GSI-OpenSSH: GSI-OpenSSH is a modified version of OpenSSH that adds support for X.509 proxy
certificate authentication and delegation, providing a single sign-on remote login and file transfer service.
The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and certificate

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management. The authentication API is built using Public KeyInfrastructure (PKI) technologies, e.g. X.509
Certificates and TLS. In addition to authentication it features a delegation mechanism based upon X.509 Proxy
Certificates. Authorization support takes the form of a couple of APIs. The first provides a generic authorization API
that allows callouts to perform access control based on the client's credentials (i.e. the X.509 certificate chain). The
second provides a simple access control list that maps authorized remote entities to local (system) user names. The

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second mechanism also provides callouts that allow third parties to override the default behavior and is currently
used in the Gatekeeper and GridFTP servers. In addition to the above there are various lower level APIs and tools
for managing, discovering and querying certificates.
Components for Grid Security
1. Basic Security Mechanisms

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2. Components for Credential Generation
3. Components for Credential Management


24 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Beyond verifying the identities of users and services, basic Grid security mechanisms leave access control decisions
to services. The Grid community has developed authorization and access control tools for storing and providing
access to system-wide authorization information and for creating a central data store for supporting decentralized
control mechanisms.

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Basic Security Mechanisms
? Pre-Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A non-Web services implementation of the Grid
Security Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI
mechanisms
? Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A Web services implementation of the Grid Security

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Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI mechanisms

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Result:
Thus the program to develop a security application available in Globus toolkit was successfully executed.
Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a secured applications using a basic security
mechanisms available in Globus toolkit

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25 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Applications:
To provide easy acces to best breed open source network security

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1. What are the collective services available in grid computing?
2. What are the basic principles of autonomous computing?
3. What are the four essential characteristics of on demand business?

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4. What are the essential capabilities provided by on demand business?
5. What are the two most important technologies for building semantic webs?
6. Define Peer to Peer computing?
7. What is the combination of Globus GT3 toolkit?
8. What is a GT3 core?

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9. What are the components available in service model?
10. Define WS-Trust
11. Define WS ?Federation
12. Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
13. Who are the actors in CDC?

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14. Mention the scenarios in CDC?
15. What are the functional requirements of CDC on OGSA?

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Viva-voce


26 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 06: DEVELOP A GRID PORTAL, WHERE USER CAN SUBMIT
A JOB AND GET THE RESULT, IMPLEMENT IT WITH AND WITHOUT
GRAM CONCEPT.
Aim:

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To develop a Grid portal and implement it with and without GRAM concept
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
Multiple times that the likely user interface to grid applications will be through portals, specifically Web portals. A grid
portal may be constructed as a Web page interface to provide easy access to grid applications. The Web user
interface provides user authentication, job submission, job monitoring, and results of the job.

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Globus Resource Allocation Manager (GRAM)
When a job is submitted by a client, the request is sent to the remote host and handled by a gatekeeper daemon.
The gatekeeper creates a job manager to start and monitor the job. When the job is finished, the job manager
sends the status information back to the client and terminates.
The GRAM subsystem consists of the following elements:

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? The globusrun command and associated APIs Resource Specification Language (RSL)
? The gatekeeper daemon The job manager Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator (DUROC)
Each of these elements are described briefly below.
The globusrun command
The globusrun command (or its equivalent API) submits a job to a resource within the grid. This command

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is typically passed an RSL string (see below) that specifies parameters and other properties required to successfully
launch and run the job


27 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Resource Specification Language (RSL)
RSL is a language used by clients to specify the job to be run. All job submission requests are described in an RSL
string that includes information such as the executable file; its parameters; information about redirection of stdin,
stdout, and stderr; and so on. Basically it provides a standard way of specifying all of the information required to

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execute a job, independent of the target environment. It is then the responsibility of the job manager on the target
system to parse the information and launch the job in the appropriate way.
The syntax of RSL is very straightforward. Each statement is enclosed within parenthesis. Comments are
designated with parenthesis and asterisks, for example, (* this is a comment *). Supported attributes include the
following:

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rsl_substitution: Defines variables
executable: The script or command to be run
arguments: Information or flags to be passed to the executable
stdin: Specifies the remote URL and local file used for the executable stdout: Specifies the remote file to place
standard output from the job stderr: Specifies the remote file to place standard error from the job queue: Specifies the

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queue to submit the job (requires a scheduler) count: Specifies the number of executions
directory: Specifies the directory to run the job
project: Specifies a project account for the job (requires a scheduler) dryRun: Verifies the RSL string but
does not run the job
maxMemory: Specifies the maximum amount of memory in MBs required for the job

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minMemory: Specifies the minimum amount of memory in MBs required for the job
hostCount: Specifies the number of nodes in a cluster required for the job environment: Specifies environment
variables that are required for the job
jobType: Specifies the type of job single process, multi-process, mpi, or condor
maxTime: Specifies the maximum execution wall or cpu time for one execution

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maxWallTime: Specifies the maximum walltime for one execution maxCpuTime: Specifies the maximum
cpu time for one execution
gramMyjob: Specifies the whether the gram myjob interface starts one process/thread (independent) or more
(collective)

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28 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to develop Grid Portal was successfully executed.

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29 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid portal and implement it with and
without GRAM concept
Application:

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? It is useful and necessary for interfaces for the performance of operations on the Grid. The Grid
Portal Development Kit (GPDK) facilitates the development of Grid portals and provides several key
reusable components for accessing various Grid services.
? A Grid Portal provides a customizable interface allowing scientists to perform a variety of Grid
operations including remote program submission, file staging, and querying of information services

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from a single, secure gateway.
? The Grid Portal Development Kit leverages off existing Globus/Grid middleware infrastructure as
well as commodity web technology including Java Server Pages and servlets .

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1) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?
2) What are the major goals of OGSA?
3) What are the more specific goals of OGSA?
4) What are the main purposes of use case defined by OGSA?

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5) Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
6) What are the layers available in OGSA architectural organizations?
7) What are the OGSA basic services?
8) What are the two aspects involved in GRAM?
9) What are the two kinds of lifecycle model associated with state data recovery?

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10) What is a GT3 core?
11) What are the major components of default server side framework?
12) What is Grid container?
13) What are the two levels of security available in GT3?
14) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?

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15) What are the two different message-level authentication mechanisms provided by GT3 framework?
16) What are the most common GT3 security handlers?
Viva-voce

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30 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

INTRODUCTION TO CLOUD COMPUTING

What is cloud computing?

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Cloud computing means that instead of all the computer hardware and software you're using sitting on your
desktop, or somewhere inside your company's network, it's provided for you as a service by another company and
accessed over the Internet, usually in a completely seamless way. Exactly where the hardware and software is
located and how it all works doesn't matter to you, the user?it's just somewhere up in the nebulous "cloud" that the
Internet represents.

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Cloud computing is a buzzword that means different things to different people. For some, it's just another way of
describing IT (information technology) "outsourcing"; others use it to mean any computing service provided over the
Internet or a similar network; and some define it as any bought-in computer service you use that sits outside your
firewall.
Types of cloud computing

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IT people talk about three different kinds of cloud computing, where different services are being provided for you.
Note that there's a certain amount of vagueness about how these things are defined and some overlap between
them.
? Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) means you're buying access to raw computing hardware over the Net,
such as servers or storage. Since you buy what you need and pay-as-you-go, this is often referred to as

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utility computing. Ordinary web hosting is a simple example of IaaS: you pay a monthly subscription or a
per-megabyte/gigabyte fee to have a hosting company serve up files for your website from their servers.
? Software as a Service (SaaS) means you use a complete application running on someone else's system.
Web-based email and Google Documents are perhaps the best-known examples. Zoho is another well-
known SaaS provider offering a variety of office applications online.

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? Platform as a Service (PaaS) means you develop applications using Web-based tools so they run on
systems software and hardware provided by another company. So, for example, you might develop your
own ecommerce website but have the whole thing, including the shopping cart, checkout, and payment
mechanism running on a merchant's server. App Cloud (from salesforce.com) and the Google App Engine
are examples of PaaS.

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Advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing
Advantages
The pros of cloud computing are obvious and compelling. If your business is selling books or repairing shoes,
why get involved in the nitty gritty of buying and maintaining a complex computer system? If you run an insurance
office, do you really want your sales agents wasting time running anti-virus software, upgrading word-processors, or

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worrying about hard-drive crashes? Do you really want them cluttering your expensive computers with their personal


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emails, illegally shared MP3 files, and naughty YouTube videos?when you could leave that responsibility to
someone else? Cloud computing allows you to buy in only the services you want, when you want them, cutting the
upfront capital costs of computers and peripherals. You avoid equipment going out of date and other familiar IT
problems like ensuring system security and reliability. You can add extra services (or take them away) at a moment's
notice as your business needs change. It's really quick and easy to add new applications or services to your

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business without waiting weeks or months for the new computer (and its software) to arrive.
Drawbacks
Instant convenience comes at a price. Instead of purchasing computers and software, cloud computing means you
buy services, so one-off, upfront capital costs become ongoing operating costs instead. That might work out much
more expensive in the long-term.

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If you're using software as a service (for example, writing a report using an online word processor or sending emails
through webmail), you need a reliable, high-speed, broadband Internet connection functioning the whole time you're
working. That's something we take for granted in countries such as the United States, but it's much more of an issue
in developing countries or rural areas where broadband is unavailable.
An Introduction to Cloud Computing with OpenNebula

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An OpenNebula Private Cloud provides infrastructure users with an elastic platform for fast delivery and scalability of
services to meet dynamic demands of service end-users. Services are hosted in VMs, and then submitted,
monitored and controlled in the Cloud by using Sunstone or any of the OpenNebula interfaces:
? Command Line Interface (CLI)
? XML-RPC API

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? OpenNebulaRuby and Java Cloud APIs
The aim of a Private Cloud is not to expose to the world a cloud interface to sell capacity over the Internet, but to
provide local cloud users and administrators with a flexible and agile private infrastructure to run virtualized service
workloads within the administrative domain. OpenNebula virtual infrastructure interfaces expose user and
administrator functionality for virtualization, networking, image and physical resource configuration, management,

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monitoring and accounting.

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Expt.No.1: FIND PROCEDURE TO RUN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE OF
DIFFERENT CONFIGURATION. CHECK HOW MANY VIRTUAL
MACHINES CAN BE UTILIZED AT PARTICULAR TIME.

Aim:

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To Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be
utilized at particular time
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

Creating Virtual Machines
In OpenNebula the Virtual Machines are defined with Template files. The Template Repository system allows

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OpenNebula administrators and users to register Virtual Machine definitions in the system, to be instantiated later as
Virtual Machine instances. These Templates can be instantiated several times, and also shared with other users.
Virtual Machine Model
A Virtual Machine within the OpenNebula system consists of:
? A capacity in terms memory and CPU

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? A set of NICs attached to one or more virtual networks
? A set of disk images
? A state file (optional) or recovery file, that contains the memory image of a running VM plus some hypervisor
specific information.
The above items, plus some additional VM attributes like the OS kernel and context information to be used inside the

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VM, are specified in a template file.
Defining a VM in 3 Steps
Virtual Machines are defined in an OpenNebula Template. Templates are stored in a repository to easily browse and
instantiate VMs from them. To create a new Template you have to define 3 things

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33 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

? Capacity & Name, how big will the VM be?
Attribute Description Mandatory Default

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NAME Name that the VM will get for description purposes. Yes one-
MEMORY Amount of RAM required for the VM, in Megabytes. Yes
CPU CPU ratio (e..g half a physical CPU is 0.5). Yes
VCPU Number of virtual cpus. No 1
Disks. Each disk is defined with a DISK attribute. A VM can use three types of disk:

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? Use a persistent Image changes to the disk image will persist after the VM is shutdown.
? Use a non-persistent Image images are cloned, changes to the image will be lost.
? Volatile disks are created on the fly on the target host. After the VM is shutdown the disk is disposed.

Persistent and Clone Disks

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Attribute Description Mandatory Default
IMAGE_ID and IMAGE The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes
IMAGE_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No self
IMAGE_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No self
Volatile

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Attribute Description Mandatory Default
TYPE
Type of the disk: swap, fs. swap type will set the label to swap so it is
easier to mount and the context packages will automatically mount it.
Yes

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SIZE size in MB Yes
FORMAT
filesystem for fs images: ext2, ext3, etc. raw will not format the image. For
VMs to run on vmfs or vmwareshared configurations, the valid values are:
Yes

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34 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Attribute Description Mandatory Default

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vmdk_thin, vmdk_zeroedthick, vmdk_eagerzeroedthick

Network Interfaces. Each network interface of a VM is defined with the NIC attribute.
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
NETWORK_ID and NETWORK The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes

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NETWORK_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No Self
NETWORK_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No Self

The following example shows a VM Template file with a couple of disks and a network interface, also a VNC section
was added.

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NAME = test-vm
MEMORY = 128
CPU = 1

DISK = [ IMAGE = "Arch Linux" ]

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DISK = [ TYPE = swap,
SIZE = 1024 ]

NIC = [ NETWORK = "Public", NETWORK_UNAME="oneadmin" ]

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GRAPHICS = [
TYPE = "vnc",
LISTEN = "0.0.0.0"]
Simple templates can be also created using the command line instead of creating a template file. The parameters to
do this for onetemplate are:

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Parameter

Description
--namename Name for the VM

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--cpucpu CPU percentage reserved for the VM (1=100% one CPU)


35 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Parameter

Description
--vcpuvcpu Number of virtualized CPUs

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--archarch Architecture of the VM, e.g.: i386 or x86_64
--memorymemory Memory ammount given to the VM
--diskdisk0,disk1 Disks to attach. To use a disk owned by other user use user[disk]
--nicvnet0,vnet1 Networks to attach. To use a network owned by other user use user[network]
--rawstring

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Raw string to add to the template. Not to be confused with the RAW attribute. If you want
to provide more than one element, just include an enter inside quotes, instead of using
more than one -raw option
--vnc Add VNC server to the VM
--ssh[file]

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Add an ssh public key to the context. If the file is omited then the user variable
SSH_PUBLIC_KEY will be used.
--net_context Add network contextualization parameters
--contextline1,line2 * Lines to add to the context section
--bootdevice Select boot device (hd, fd, cdrom or network)

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A similar template as the previous example can be created with the following command:
$ onetemplate create --name test-vm --memory 128 --cpu 1 --disk "Arch Linux" --nic Public
Managing Virtual Machines
Assuming we have a VM Template registered called vm-example with ID 6, then we can instantiate the VM issuing
a:

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$ onetemplate list

ID USER GROUP NAME REGTIME
6 oneadminoneadminvm_example 09/28 06:44:07

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$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm


36 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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VM ID: 0
If the template has USER INPUTSdefined the CLI will prompt the user for these values:
$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm

There are some parameters that require user input.

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* (BLOG_TITLE) Blog Title:
* (DB_PASSWORD) Database Password:
VM ID: 0
Afterwards, the VM can be listed with the onevmlist command. You can also use the onevmtop command to list VMs

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continuously.
$ onevm list

ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME
0 oneadminoneadminmy_vm pend 0 0K 00 00:00:03

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After a Scheduling cycle, the VM will be automatically deployed. But the deployment can also be forced by oneadmin
using onevmdeploy:
$ onehost list

ID NAME RVM TCPU FCPU ACPU TMEM FMEM AMEM STAT

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2 testbed 0 800 800 800 16G 16G16G on
$ onevm deploy 0 2

$ onevm list

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ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME
0 oneadminoneadminmy_vmrunn 0 0K testbed 00 00:02:40

$ onevm show 0
VIRTUAL MACHINE 0 INFORMATION

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ID :0
NAME : my_vm
USER : oneadmin
GROUP : oneadmin

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37 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

STATE : ACTIVE
LCM_STATE : RUNNING

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START TIME : 04/14 09:00:24
END TIME : -
DEPLOY ID: : one-0
PERMISSIONS
OWNER : um-

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GROUP : ---
OTHER : ---
VIRTUAL MACHINE MONITORING
NET_TX : 13.05
NET_RX : 0

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USED MEMORY : 512
USED CPU : 0
VIRTUAL MACHINE TEMPLATE
VIRTUAL MACHINE HISTORY

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SEQ HOSTNAME REASON START TIME PTIME

0 testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00
testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00

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38 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:

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Thus the program to run virtual machines on different configuration was successfully executed & its utilization time is
checked in various machines.


39 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find procedure to run the virtual machine of different

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Configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
Applications:
? An advantage of virtualizing the workload?s I/O path enables hardware independence by
abstracting vendor specific drivers to more generalized versions that run on the hypervisor.
? It allows the live migration, which is one of virtualization?s greatest availability strengths

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? The sharing of aggregate resources, such as network paths



1. What is cloud computing?

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2. What are the benefits of cloud computing?
3. What are the different data types used in cloud computing?
4. What are the different layers in cloud computing?
5. What do you mean by software as a service?
6. What is on-demand functionality? How is it provided in cloud computing?

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7. What are the platforms used for large scale cloud computing?
8. What are the different models for deployment in cloud computing?
9. What is the difference between cloud computing and mobile computing?
10. What are the open source cloud computing platform databases?
11. What is the difference between cloud and traditional datacenters?

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12. Why API's is used in cloud services?
13. What are the different datacenters in cloud computing?
14. Define API in data virtualization?
15. List of API in cloud?
Viva-voce

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40 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No.02: FIND PROCEDURE TO ATTACH VIRTUAL BLOCK TO

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THE VIRTUAL MACHINE AND CHECK WHETHER IT HOLDS THE
DATA EVEN AFTER THE RELEASE OF THE VIRTUAL MACHINE.
Aim:
To find a procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even after the
release of the virtual machine

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos

Procedure:
VirtualBox uses a special kernel module called vboxdrv to perform physical memory allocation and to gain control of
the processor for guest system execution. Without this kernel module, you can still use the VirtualBox manager to

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configure virtual machines, but they will not start. In addition, there are the network kernel modules vboxnetflt and
vboxnetadp which are required for the more advanced networking features of VirtualBox.
The VirtualBox kernel module is automatically installed on your system when you install VirtualBox. To
maintain it with future kernel updates, for those Linux distributions which provide it -- most current ones -- we
recommend installing Dynamic Kernel Module Support (DKMS). This framework helps with building and upgrading

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kernel modules.
If DKMS is not already installed, execute one of the following:
On an Ubuntu system:
sudo apt-get install dkms
If DKMS is available and installed, the VirtualBox kernel module should always work automatically, and it will be

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automatically rebuilt if your host kernel is updated.
Otherwise, there are only two situations in which you will need to worry about the kernel module:
1. The original installation fails. This probably means that your Linux system is not prepared for building
external kernel modules.

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41 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Most Linux distributions can be set up simply by installing the right packages - normally, these will be the
GNU compiler (GCC), GNU Make (make) and packages containing header files for your kernel - and making

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sure that all system updates are installed and that the system is running the most up-to-date kernel included
in the distribution. The version numbers of the header file packages must be the same as that of the kernel
you are using.
? With Debian and Ubuntu releases, you must install the right version of the linux-headers and if it exists
the linux-kbuild package. Current Ubuntu releases should have the right packages installed by default.

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? In even older Debian and Ubuntu releases, you must install the right version of the kernel-headers
package.
? On Fedora and Redhat systems, the package is kernel-devel.
? On SUSE and openSUSE Linux, you must install the right versions of the kernel-source and kernel-syms
packages.

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? If you have built your own kernel, you will need to make sure that you also installed all the required
header and other files for building external modules to the right locations. The details of how to do
this will depend on how you built your kernel, and if you are unsure you should consult the
documentation which you followed to do so.
2. The kernel of your Linux host was updated and DKMS is not installed. In that case, the kernel module will

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need to be reinstalled by executing (as root):
rcvboxdrv setup
Performing the installation
VirtualBox is available in a number of package formats native to various common Linux distributions. In addition,
there is an alternative generic installer (.run) which should work on most Linux distributions.

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Installing VirtualBox from a Debian/Ubuntu package
First, download the appropriate package for your distribution. The following examples assume that you are installing
to a 32-bit Ubuntu Wily system. Use dpkg to install the Debian package:
sudodpkg -i virtualbox-5.0_5.0.20_Ubuntu_wily_i386.deb
The installer will also try to build kernel modules suitable for the current running kernel. If the build process is not

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successful you will be shown a warning and the package will be left unconfigured. Please have a look at /var/log/vbox-
install.log to find out why the compilation failed. You may have to install the appropriate Linux kernel After correcting
any problems, do

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42 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

sudorcvboxdrv setup
This will start a second attempt to build the module.
If a suitable kernel module was found in the package or the module was successfully built, the installation script will

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attempt to load that module.
Once VirtualBox has been successfully installed and configured, you can start it by selecting "VirtualBox" in your
start menu or from the command line.
Using the alternative installer (VirtualBox.run)
The alternative installer performs the following steps:

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? It unpacks the application files to the target directory,
/opt/VirtualBox/
which cannot be changed.
? It builds the VirtualBox kernel modules (vboxdrv, vboxnetflt and vboxnetadp) and installs them.
? It creates /sbin/rcvboxdrv, an init script to start the VirtualBox kernel module.

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? It creates a new system group called vboxusers.
? It creates symbolic links in /usr/bin to the a shell script (/opt/VirtualBox/VBox) which does some sanity checks
and dispatches to the actual executables, VirtualBox, VBoxSDL, VBoxVRDP, VBoxHeadless and VBoxManage
? It creates /etc/udev/rules.d/60-vboxdrv.rules, a description file for udev, if that is present, which makes the USB
devices accessible to all users in the vboxusers group.

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? It writes the installation directory to /etc/vbox/vbox.cfg.
The installer must be executed as root with either install or uninstall as the first parameter.
sudo ./VirtualBox.run install
Or if you do not have the "sudo" command available, run the following as root instead:
./VirtualBox.run install

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43 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

After that you need to put every user which should be able to access USB devices from VirtualBox guests in the

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group vboxusers, either through the GUI user management tools or by running the following command as root:
sudousermod -a -G vboxusers username
Performing a manual installation
If, for any reason, you cannot use the shell script installer described previously, you can also perform a manual
installation. Invoke the installer like this:

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./VirtualBox.run --keep --noexec
This will unpack all the files needed for installation in the directory install under the current directory. The VirtualBox
application files are contained in VirtualBox.tar.bz2 which you can unpack to any directory on your system. For
example:
sudomkdir /opt/VirtualBox

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sudo tar jxf ./install/VirtualBox.tar.bz2 -C /opt/VirtualBox
or as root:
mkdir /opt/VirtualBox
tarjxf ./install/VirtualBox.tar.bz2 -C /opt/VirtualBox
The sources for VirtualBox's kernel module are provided in the src directory. To build the module, change to the

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directory and issuemake
If everything builds correctly, issue the following command to install the module to the appropriate module directory:
sudo make install
In case you do not have sudo, switch the user account to root and performmake install
The VirtualBox kernel module needs a device node to operate. The above make command will tell you how to create

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the device node, depending on your Linux system. The procedure is slightly different for a classical Linux setup with
a /dev directory, a system with the now deprecated devfs and a modern Linux system with udev.
Note that the /dev/vboxdrv kernel module device node must be owned by root:root and must be read/writable only for
the user.Next, you will have to install the system initialization script for the kernel module:
cp /opt/VirtualBox/vboxdrv.sh /sbin/rcvboxdrv

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mkdir /etc/vbox
echo INSTALL_DIR=/opt/VirtualBox> /etc/vbox/vbox.cfg


44 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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and, for convenience, create the following symbolic links:
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VirtualBox
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxManage
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxHeadless

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ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxSDL

Sample Output:

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Result:
Thus the program to attach virtual block to virtual machine was successfully executed & checked whether it holds the

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data after the release of the virtual machine.


45 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find a procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual
machine and check whether it holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine

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Application:
? To support the Cloud Computing with the Virtual Block Store System. The fast development of cloud
computing systems stimulates the needs for a standalone block storage system to provide persistent
block storage services to virtual machines maintained by clouds.

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1. What is Type-1 and Type-2 hypervisor?
2. What is the use of virsh command?
3. Explain how you can transfer volume from one owner to another in Open Stack?

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4. Discuss about KVM Features?
5. What is Virtual block?
6. What is Virtualization?
7. What are virtual clusters?
8. How virtualization happens in data center?

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9. List some of the open source grid middleware packages.
10. What is a programming model?
11. What is Hadoop?
12. What are map and reduce functions?
13. How to run a job in hadoop?

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14. What is HDFS?
15. What are the open source grid middleware packages?
16. What is peer to peer computing?
17. What are node clusters?
18. How virtual migration happens in data center?

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Viva-voce


46 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No.03: INSTALL A C COMPILER IN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE AND
EXECUTE A SAMPLE PROGRAM.
Aim:
To Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Create a VM and Install any OS on it.

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2.Install a C compiler on OS
3.Open a Editor and type the sample program and Save.
4.Compile and run the Program
Example:
C programming on Linux based Environement

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1. Open Terminal (Applications-Accessories-Terminal)
2. Open gedit by typing ?gedit&? on terminal(You can also use any other Text Editor application)
3. Type the following on gedit
(or any other text editor)

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#include
main()
{
printf("Hello World\n");
}

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Save this file as
?helloworld. C?
5. Type ?ls? on Terminal to see all files under current folder
6. Confirm that ?helloworld.c? is in the current directory.
If not, type cd DIRECTORY_PATH to go to the

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directory that has ?helloworld.c?
7. Type ?gcchelloworld.c? to compile, and type ?ls? to
confirm that a new executable file ?a.out? is created
8. Type ?./a.out? on Terminal to run the program

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47 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to install a C complier is done and the sample program was executed successfully.

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48 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and
execute a sample program
Application:
The application of installing a C compiler in the virtual machine benefits to have a portable executable, for

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each platform.

1. What is the difference between Xen & KVM ?
2. What are different hypervisors available in Linux ?
3. Which command is used to list all virtual machine running on the KVM hypervisor ?

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4. What are the different states of a VM in Xen hypervisor ?
5. How to forcefully shutdown the KVM based virtual machine from the command line ?
6. What is virtual Machine?
7. What is Compiler?
8. What is Directory?

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9. List the C Compilers available?
10. What is virtualization?
11. List out VM operations
12. What are different hypervisors available in windows?
13. How to implement applications on the cloud to install C compiler?

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14. What are grid and cloud tools available?
15. What is hypervisor?
Viva-voce

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49 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No.04: SHOW THE VIRTUAL MACHINE MIGRATION BASED ON
THE CERTAIN CONDITION FROM ONE NODE TO THE OTHER.

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Aim:
To Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other

Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

Procedure:
1.Update source and target virtual machines to latest package versions

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To help ensure that platform images between cloud providers are running the same version of key operating system
packages, update these packages to the latest versions on both source and target virtual machines.
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
2. Install rsync and screen packages on source and target virtual machines

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The migration of application packages and files in this process will use rsync over ssh between source and target
virtual machines. The actual transfer of files between virtual machines can take some time, so I also recommend
using screen so that you can easily re-attach to an in-progress migration session if you are inadvertently
disconnected.
Ensure that rsync and screen packages are installed on both the source and target virtual machines with these

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commands:
sudo apt-get install rsync
sudo apt-get install screen
3. Add a consistent user account to both source and target virtual machines
To facilitate the migration process, ensure that you have a consistent user account configured on both source and

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target virtual machines with sudo enabled. The newly provisioned target virtual machines from Task 3 already


50 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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include a user named azureuser with sudo enabled. To configure this same user on each source virtual machine,
use the following commands:
sudogroupadd -g 500 azureuser
sudouseradd -u 500 -g 500 -m -s /bin/bash azureuser
sudopasswdazureuser

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4. Start a screen session for the migration
On the source virtual machine, enter a new screen session for the migration by using the following command:
sudo screen -S AzureMigration
If you are disconnected from the source virtual machine during the migration process, you can reconnect to the
detached screen session by using the following command after signing in again to the source virtual machine:

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sudo screen -r
5. Build an exclusion list of directories and files
During the migration, we want to be careful to skip any files that include configuration information relating to the
identity of the source virtual machines, such as IP addresses, hostnames, ssh keys, etc. For the Ubuntu-based
virtual machines that we migrated, we used the following commands on each source virtual machine to build our

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list of directories and files to exclude from the migration process:
EXCLUDEFILE=/tmp/exclude.file
EXCLUDELIST='/boot /etc/fstab /etc/hostname /etc/issue /etc/hosts
/etc/sudoers /etc/networks /etc/network/* /etc/resolv.conf
/etc/ssh/* /etc/sysctl.conf /etc/mtab /etc/udev/rules.d/*

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/lock /net /tmp'
EXCLUDEPATH=$(echo $EXCLUDELIST | sed 's/\ /\\n/g')
echo -e $EXCLUDEPATH > $EXCLUDEFILE
find / -name '*cloud-init*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE
find / -name '*cloud-config*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE

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find / -name '*cloud-final*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE


51 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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The actual list of directories and files that you exclude may vary from this list, based on the Linux distro version,
packages and applications that you are migrating.
Credits: Kudos to Kevin Carter who wrote a great article a couple years ago that provided a useful starting point for
building a list of directories and files to consider excluding as part of a Linux-to-Linux migration process!
6. Stop applications during migration

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To minimize application data changes from occurring during the migration process, stop the related applications and
daemons on the source virtual machines. The application that we migrated was a web application built using
Apache2, so we simply stopped the related Apache2 daemon.
sudo service stop apache2
7. Migrate the application files and data

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From each source virtual machine, migrate application files and data using two rsync passes over ssh. The first
pass performs the bulk of the data transfer, whereas the second pass uses checksums to confirm that all files were
transferred successfully.
TARGETVM="insert_target_vm_public_ip_address"
rsync -e "ssh" -rlpEAXogDtSzh -P -x ?exclude-from="$EXCLUDEFILE" ?rsync-path="sudorsync" ?

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verbose ?progress / azureuser@$TARGETVM:/
rsync -e "ssh" -crlpEAXogDtSzh -P -x ?exclude-from="$EXCLUDEFILE" ?rsync-path="sudorsync" ?
verbose ?progress / azureuser@$TARGETVM:/
8. Restart each target virtual machine
After both rsync passes have completed, restart each target virtual machine to complete the migration

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process.
sshazureuser@$TARGETVM
shutdown -r now

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52 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:

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Thus the program to implement migration of virtual machine was executed successfully.


53 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to Show the virtual machine migration based on the
certain condition from one node to the other

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Application:
? Its easier to migrate a Virtual Machine from one server to another, than migrating the operating
system and application(s) individually.
? Using Virtual Machine Migration, its possible to migrate operating systems and applications from
older servers to newer servers easily and without disrupting the services.

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1. What are the basic requirements of VM live migration in KVM?
2. Which command is used in KVM for VMs live migration?
3. How to get hardware information of KVM guest machine?
4. What is VM migration?

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5. Which type of virtualization is also characteristic of cloud computing ?
6. Which virtualization standard does the WebSphere Application Server Hypervisor Edition use?
7.Which three tools are included in the IBM Rational Jazz Collaborative Application Lifecycle
Management (C/ALM) solution?
8. What are two ways a public cloud helps customers reduce their IT costs?

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9.What functionality is provided by the IBM Security Network Intrusion Prevention System Virtual
Appliance for a cloud environment?
10. What are two important benefits of using cloud computing?
11. What is the value of IBM Security Information and Event Manager in a cloud provider environment?
12. What is the main purpose of an IBM CloudBurst solution?

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Viva-voce


54 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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EX.NO.5: PROCEDURE TO INSTALL STORAGE CONTROLLER AND
INTERACT WITH IT.
Aim:
Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:

To install Storage Control, follow these steps.
Ensure that Systems Director 6.3 is installed and running.

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Ensure that you are logged in to Systems Director with a user ID that has administrative privileges.
Windows only: Restart the DB2 Management server.
a) Go to Start >Administrative Tools >Services.
b) Select DB2 Management Service from the services window and restart it.
If you want to download and install Storage Control, go to step 5. If you want to install Storage Control from read-

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only media, such as a CD or mounted .iso image, go to step 8.
From the Systems Director summary page, click the link Try Storage Control in the upper right corner.
A download page opens. Download the appropriate file for your operating system.
7.Extract the files to the directory where you want to install Storage Control, then go to step 9.
8. Copy the Storage Control installer directory from the CD or the mounted .iso image into a temporary directory

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close to the system root. For example, /SCInstall for AIX or Linux and C:\SCInstall for Windows.
9. Access a command window and navigate to the directory where you extracted the files or where you copied
the installer directory. Run the appropriate script. If you do not want the license agreement to display, use the -
ioption when you run the script. For example, StorageControlInstall.sh -i.
Important: If you are not using IBM DB2 managed by Systems Director, then

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the DB2 user ID used must have DB2 Administrator privileges.
On Microsoft Windows systems, run the script StorageControlInstall.bat.


55 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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On Linux and AIX systems, run the script StorageControlInstall.sh.
10. Restart Systems Director as directed.

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Result:
Thus the program to install storage controller was executed successfully.

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56 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find procedure to install storage controller and
interact with it
Application:
A controller offers a level of abstraction between an operating system and the physical drives. A RAID

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controller presents groups to applications and operating systems as logical units for which data protection
schemes can be defined.

1. What is a snapshot?
2. What is Thick Provision Lazy Zeroed?

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3. What is Thick Provision Eager Zeroed?
4. What is Thin Provision?
5. What is VDI?
6. What is storage vMotion?
7. How many virtual CPUs can I use on a Fault Tolerant virtual machine?

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8. What is the use of vmware tools?
9. What happens if vCenter Server is offline when a failover event occurs?
10. What are the monitoring methods used for vSphere HA?
11. What are the roles of a master host in vSphere HA?
12. What is the hardware version used in VMware ESXi 5.5?

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13. What is server virtualization?
14. What is Network Virtualization?
15. What is template?
Viva-Voce

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57 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


EX.NO.6: PROCEDURE TO SET UP ONE HADOOP CLUSTER

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Aim:
To Find a procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
Follow the steps given below to have Hadoop Multi-Node cluster setup.
Installing Java

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Java is the main prerequisite for Hadoop. First of all, you should verify the existence of java in your system using
?java -version?. The syntax of java version command is given below.
$ java-version
If everything works fine it will give you the following output.
java version "1.7.0_71"

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Java(TM) SE RuntimeEnvironment(build 1.7.0_71-b13)
JavaHotSpot(TM)Client VM (build 25.0-b02, mixed mode)
If java is not installed in your system, then follow the given steps for installing java.
1. Download java (JDK - X64.tar.gz) by visiting the following link
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk7-downloads-1880260.html

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Then jdk-7u71-linux-x64.tar.gz will be downloaded into your system.
2. Generally you will find the downloaded java file in Downloads folder. Verify it and extract the jdk-7u71-linux-
x64.gz file using the following commands.
$ cdDownloads/
$ ls

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jdk-7u71-Linux-x64.gz
$ tar zxf jdk-7u71-Linux-x64.gz
$ ls
jdk1.7.0_71 jdk-7u71-Linux-x64.gz

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58 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

3. To make java available to all the users, you have to move it to the location ?/usr/local/?. Open the root, and type
the following commands.

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$ su
password:
# mv jdk1.7.0_71 /usr/local/
# exit
4. For setting up PATH and JAVA_HOME variables, add the following commands to ~/.bashrc file.

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export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.7.0_71
export PATH=PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
Now verify the java -version command from the terminal as explained above. Follow the above process and install
java in all your cluster nodes.
Creating User Account

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Create a system user account on both master and slave systems to use the Hadoop installation.
# useraddhadoop
# passwdhadoop
Mapping the nodes
You have to edit hosts file in /etc/ folder on all nodes, specify the IP address of each system followed by their host

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names.
# vi /etc/hosts
enter the following lines in the /etc/hosts file.
192.168.1.109hadoop-master
192.168.1.145 hadoop-slave-1

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192.168.56.1 hadoop-slave-2
Configuring Key Based Login
Setup ssh in every node such that they can communicate with one another without any prompt for password.
# suhadoop
$ ssh-keygen-t rsa

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$ ssh-copy-id-i~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub tutorialspoint@hadoop-master
$ ssh-copy-id-i~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop_tp1@hadoop-slave-1
$ ssh-copy-id-i~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop_tp2@hadoop-slave-2
$ chmod0600~/.ssh/authorized_keys
$ exit

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Installing Hadoop
In the Master server, download and install Hadoop using the following commands.
# mkdir /opt/hadoop
# cd /opt/hadoop/
# wget http://apache.mesi.com.ar/hadoop/common/hadoop-1.2.1/hadoop-1.2.0.tar.gz

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# tar -xzf hadoop-1.2.0.tar.gz
# mv hadoop-1.2.0 hadoop


59 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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# chown -R hadoop /opt/hadoop
# cd /opt/hadoop/hadoop/
Configuring Hadoop
You have to configure Hadoop server by making the following changes as given below.

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core-site.xml

Open the core-site.xml file and edit it as shown below.

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fs.default.name
hdfs://hadoop-master:9000/


dfs.permissions

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false


hdfs-site.xml
Open the hdfs-site.xml file and edit it as shown below.

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dfs.data.dir
/opt/hadoop/hadoop/dfs/name/data
true

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dfs.name.dir
/opt/hadoop/hadoop/dfs/name

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true



dfs.replication

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1


mapred-site.xml
Open the mapred-site.xml file and edit it as shown below.

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FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice


0 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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College o f Engineering
?

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DEPARTMENT OF
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

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VII SEMESTER - R 2013

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Name : ______________________________________

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Reg. No. : ______________________________________
Section : ______________________________________
LABORATORY MANUAL

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1 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

DHANALAKSHMI

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is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and enterprising
professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and training.


? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry

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? To contribute to the promotion of Academic Excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart and
soul

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

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To strive for acquiring, applying and imparting knowledge in Computer Science and Engineering through quality
education and to provide enthusiastic professionals with commitment

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? To produce highly competent and globally employable engineers in the field of Computer Science and
Engineering
? To inculcate human values among the student community and make them realize their commitment to the society
? To exhibit excellence in pursuit of research and innovative products with a zeal to serve the society

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VISION
VISION
MISSION
MISSION

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2 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)

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1. Fundamentals
To provide students with a solid foundation in Mathematics, Science and fundamentals of engineering, enabling
them to apply, to find solutions for engineering problems and use this knowledge to acquire higher education
2. Core Competence
To train the students in Computer science and engineering technologies so that they apply their knowledge and

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training to compare, and to analyze various engineering industrial problems to find solutions
3. Breadth
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice this enables them to
find solutions for the real time problems in industry, and to design products
4. Professionalism

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To inculcate professional and effective communication skills, leadership qualities and team spirit in the students
to make them multi-faceted personalities and develop their ability to relate engineering issues to broader social
context
5. Lifelong Learning/Ethics
To demonstrate and practice ethical and professional responsibilities in the industry and society in the large,

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through commitment and lifelong learning needed for successful professional career



4

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PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)
a) To demonstrate and apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Electronics and Communication Engineering field

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b) To design a component, a system or a process to meet the specific needs within the realistic constraints
such as economics, environment, ethics, health, safety and manufacturability
c) To demonstrate the competency to use software tools for computation, simulation and testing of electronics and
communication engineering circuits
d) To identify, formulate and solve electronic and communication engineering problems

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e) To demonstrate an ability to visualize and work on laboratory and multidisciplinary tasks
f) To function as a member or a leader in multidisciplinary activities
g) To communicate in verbal and written form with fellow engineers and society at large
h) To understand the impact of Electronics and Communication Engineering in the society and demonstrate awareness
of contemporary issues and commitment to give solutions exhibiting social responsibility

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i) To demonstrate professional & ethical responsibilities
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To participate and succeed in competitive exams

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5 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

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SYLLABUS
Learn the working of ARM processor
Understand the Building Blocks of Embedded Systems
Learn the concept of memory map and memory interface

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Know the characteristics of Real Time Systems
Write programs to interface memory, I/Os with processor
Study the interrupt performance
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
GRID COMPUTING LAB

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Use Globus Toolkit or equivalent and do the following:
1. Develop a new Web Service for Calculator.
2. Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service.
3. Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service.
4. Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs

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5. Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus Toolkit.
6. Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it with and without
GRAM concept.

CLOUD COMPUTING LAB

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Use Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent to set up the cloud and demonstrate.
1. Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines
COURSE OBJECTIVES

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6 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

can be utilized at particular time.
2. Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even
after the release of the virtual machine.

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3. Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program.
4. Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other.
5. Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it.
6. Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster.
7. Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE.

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8. Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it.
9. Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits.
? Design and implement applications on the Grid.
? Design and Implement applications on the Cloud.
? Design network objects by applying the networking concepts.

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? Create virtualization concept.
? Design web based applications.
? Apply cloud tools for resource allocation.
? Apply grid tools for network translation.
? Design private cloud using open stack.

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COURSE OUTCOMES

7

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CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
CONTENTS
Sl. No. Name of the Experiment Page No.
CYCLE 1 ? EXPERIMENTS ( GRID COMPUTING)
1

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Develop a new Web Service for Calculator 7
2
Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service 16
3
Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service 19

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4
Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs 22
5
Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus
Toolkit

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25
6
Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it
with and without GRAM concept
27

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CYCLE 2 ? EXPERIMENTS (CLOUD COMPUTING)
1
Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how
many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
34

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2
Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it
holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
36
3 Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program 39

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4
Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to
the other
42
5 Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it 45

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6 Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster 47
7 Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE
ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS
1 Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it 52
2 Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks 55

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8 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO GRID COMPUTING

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GRID TECHNOLOGY

? Flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and
resource
? Grid architecture

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? Defined using services and protocols
? Using the ?sand hourglass? model similar to the TCP/IP protocol stack

"A computational grid is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides dependable, consistent, pervasive and
inexpensive access to high-end computational capabilities."

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Grid computing makes it possible to dynamically share and coordinate dispersed, heterogeneous computing
resources. Flexibility and ubiquity are essential characteristics of Web services technologies such as WSDL (Web
Services Description Language), SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), and UDDI (Universal Description,
Discovery, and Integration).
The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) combines technologies to unlock and exploit grid-attached resources.

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OGSA defines mechanisms to create, manage, and exchange information between Grid Services, a special type of
Web service. The architecture uses WSDL extensively to describe the structure and behavior of a service. Service
descriptions are located and discovered using Web Services Inspection Language (WSIL). By combining elements
from grid computing and Web services technologies, OGSA establishes an extensible and interoperable design and
development framework for Grid Services that includes details for service definition, discovery, and life-cycle

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management.


9 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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GLOBUS TOOLKIT

The Globus Toolkit provides software tools to make it easier to build computational grids and grid-based
applications. The Globus Toolkit is both an open architecture and open source toolkit.

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? The Globus Toolkit is a product of the Globus Alliance (http://www.globus.org)
? It is middleware for developing grids
? The current release is 6.0.
? Four key protocols and APIs

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? Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI)
? Grid Resource Allocation & Mgmt (GRAM)
? Grid Resource Information Protocol (GRIP) and Index Information Protocol (GIIP)
? Grid File Transfer Protocol (GridFTP)
? Implementations on many platforms

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? Resources, security systems, data models,
? Various collective layer protocols & tools
? Info services, replica management, etc.
? A basis for many Grid-enabled tools & apps
FTP, SSH, Condor, SRB, MPI, EDG, GridPort,

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GLOBUS TOOLKIT? COMPONENTS
? Security
? GSI ? Grid Security Infrastructure
? Resource Management
? GRAM ? Grid Resource Allocation Manager

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o globusrun
o RSL
o gatekeeper
o job manager
o DUROC ? Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator

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? Information Services
? MDS ? Monitoring and Discovery Service


10 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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o GRIS ? Grid Resource Information Service
o GIIS ? Grid Index Information Service
o MDS Client
? Data Management

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o GridFTP, GASS
The Globus Toolkit latest version 6.0 includes:
GSI: security
GridFTP: file transfer
GRAM: job execution/resource management

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MyProxy: credential repository/certificate authority
GSI-OpenSSH: GSI secure single sign-on remote shell


11 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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GLOBUS TOOLKIT INSTALLATION PROCEDURE
Step1: For installing Globus Toolkit nothing more easy than download the latest package:
http://toolkit.globus.org/ftppub/gt6/installers/repo/globus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
sudodpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb

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Step2: Update the repositories: sudo apt-get update
Step3: To install Debian or Ubuntu package, download the globus-toolkit-repo package
from the link above and install it with the command:
root@sysa63:/home/#dpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Do the following for Debian-based systems:

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root@sysa63:/home/#apt-get install globus-data-management-client

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12 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 01: DEVELOP A NEW WEB SERVICE FOR CALCULATOR

Aim:
Develop a Web Service for new Calculator
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Our first web service is an extremely simple Math Web Service, which we'll refer to asMathService. It will

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2. allow users to perform the following operations:
a. Addition
b. Subtraction
3. Furthermore, MathService will have the following resource properties (RPs for short):
a. Value (integer)

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b. Last operation performed (string)
4. We will also add a "Get Value" operation to access the Value RP. Once a new resource is created, the
"value" RP is initialized to zero, and the "last operation" RP is initialized to "NONE". The parameter is
added/subtracted to the "value" RP, and the "last operation" RP is changed to "ADDITION" or
"SUBTRACTION" accordingly. Also, the addition and subtraction operations don't return anything.

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5. Writing and deploying a WSRF Web Service is easier than you might think. You just have to follow five
simple steps.
6. Define the service's interface. This is done with WSDL
7. Implement the service. This is done with Java.
8. Define the deployment parameters. This is done with WSDD and JNDI

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9. Compile everything and generate a GAR file. This is done with Ant
10. Deploy service. This is also done with a GT4 tool

Sample Code:

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_instance"
xmlns ="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"
xmlns:tns="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/examples/core/MathService_instance"
xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsrp="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-
ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.xsd" xmlns:wsrpw="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-

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13 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.wsdl"

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xmlns:wsdlpp="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/2004/10/WSDLPreprocessor"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">

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Result:
Thus the program for developing web service for new calculator was successfully executed.

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14 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid by using Web Service for new Calculator
Applications:
To make a calculator in Windows application using web service

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1) What is Web Service?
2) What are the advantages of web services?
3) What are the different types of web services?
4) What is SOAP?
5) What are the advantages of SOAP web services?

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6) What are the disadvantages of SOAP web services?
7) What is WSDL?
8) What is UDDI?
9) What are RESTful web services?
10) What are the advantages of RESTful web services?

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11) What is the difference between SOAP and REST web services?
12) What is SOA service architecture?
13) What tools are used to deploy web services?
14) What is Web Service architecture?
15) What are the advantages of web services in globus toolkit?

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16) What are the different types of web services?
17) What is SOAP web services?
18) What is UDP and TCP?
19) What is stateless SOA?
20) What is data balancing in WSDL?

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Viva-voce


15 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 02: DEVELOP NEW OGSA-COMPLIANT WEB SERVICE

Aim:
To develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid Service using .NET language.
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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1. Developed by the Global Grid Forum
2. Aims to define a common, standard, open architecture for Grid Applications.
3. Defines a set of rules that make up a grid service.
4. Sharing and Coordinated use of diverse resources in Dynamic VO's

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Result:
Thus the program for developing OGSA- Complaint web service was successfully executed.

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16 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid
Service using .NET language
Applications:
? Sharing of information among diverse components of large heterogenous grid systems

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? WAN



1. How would you decide what style of Web Service to use? SOAP WS or REST?

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2. Does the service expose data or business logic?
3. Do consumers and the service providers require a formal contract?
4. Do we need to support multiple data formats?
5. Do we need to make AJAX calls?
6. Is the call synchronous or asynchronous?

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7. What level of security is required?
8. What level of transaction support is required?
9. Do we have limited band width?
10. What tools do you use to test your Web Services?
11. What is the difference between SOA and a Web service?

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12. What is a microservice architecture (aka MSA)?
13. What is data integrity?
14. What is cloud infrastructure?

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Viva-voce


17 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 03: USING APACHE AXIS DEVELOP A GRID SERVICE

Aim:
To develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Creating the New Level in the Package

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2. Edit the Configuration Files
3. Modify the Service Code
4. Modify the Client
5. Compile and Deploy
6. Starting the Container

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7. Compile the Client
8. Run the Client

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18 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:
Addition was successful

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Subtraction was successful
Multiplication was successful
Division was successful
Current value: 20.

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Result:

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Thus the program for Grid Service using Apache Axis was successfully executed.


19 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Applications:

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? To create web service in Java
? To work with Globus Tool kit standards web service


1. What are the different application integration styles?

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2. What is Grid Computing?
3. What is QOS?
4. What are the derivatives of grid computing?
5. What are the features of data grids?
6. What is load balancing?

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7. What is grid infrastructure?
8. Define ? Distributed Computing.
9. Define ? OSGI.
10. Define ? OSGA.
11. What is the use of API?s in cloud services?

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12. What is the difference between cloud and grid?
13. What is data communication?
14. What are the elements of data communication?

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Viva-voce

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20 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 04: DEVELOP APPLICATIONS USING JAVA OR C/C++ GRID
APIS

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Aim:
To develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Import all the necessary java packages and name the file as GridLayoutDemo.java
2. Set up components to preferred size
3. Add buttons to experiment with Grid Layout

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4. Add controls to set up horizontal and vertical gaps
5. Process the Apply gaps button press
6. Create the GUI
7. Create and set up the window,Set up the content pane and Display the Window
8. Schedule a job for the event dispatch thread

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9. Show the application's GUI

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21 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:

Figure 1: Horizontal, Left-to-Right Figure 2: Horizontal, Right-to-Left

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Result:
Thus the program to develop an application in java using Grid APIs was successfully executed.

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22 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Applications:
Used for defining a application programme interface for common distributes computing functionality

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1) Describe the two most important advantages of using Distributed/Grid Computing.
2) What is the main function of DNS?

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3) Briefly outline two applications of Public Key systems.
4) Provide one major difference between synchronous and asynchronous communication.
5) Provide one major difference between ASCII and Unicode encodings.
6) Provide two major differences between sequential computing and parallel computing.
7) Write the any three Grid Applications.

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8) Give the examples of Hardware service provider.
9) Give the example of software application ASP.
10) What are grid portals? Give example.
11) What are the high level services including in existing globus tool kit?
12) Name the components available in Nimrod architecture?

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13) What are the major objectives of Euro grid project?
14) What is the application specific work packages identified for the Euro grid?
15) Define dynamic accounting system.

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Viva-voce

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23 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

EX.NO. 05: DEVELOP SECURED APPLICATIONS USING BASIC
SECURITY MECHANISMS AVAILABLE IN GLOBUS TOOLKIT.
Aim:

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To develop a secured applications using a basic security mechanisms available in Globus toolkit
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
The Globus Toolkit incorporates multiple security components that establish the identity of users or services
(authentication), protect communications, and determine who is allowed to perform what actions (authorization), as
well as manage user credentials.
? GSI C: The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and

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certificate management.
? MyProxy: MyProxy is open source software for managing X.509 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) security
credentials (certificates and private keys).
? GSI-OpenSSH: GSI-OpenSSH is a modified version of OpenSSH that adds support for X.509 proxy
certificate authentication and delegation, providing a single sign-on remote login and file transfer service.

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The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and certificate
management. The authentication API is built using Public KeyInfrastructure (PKI) technologies, e.g. X.509
Certificates and TLS. In addition to authentication it features a delegation mechanism based upon X.509 Proxy
Certificates. Authorization support takes the form of a couple of APIs. The first provides a generic authorization API
that allows callouts to perform access control based on the client's credentials (i.e. the X.509 certificate chain). The

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second provides a simple access control list that maps authorized remote entities to local (system) user names. The
second mechanism also provides callouts that allow third parties to override the default behavior and is currently
used in the Gatekeeper and GridFTP servers. In addition to the above there are various lower level APIs and tools
for managing, discovering and querying certificates.
Components for Grid Security

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1. Basic Security Mechanisms
2. Components for Credential Generation
3. Components for Credential Management

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24 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Beyond verifying the identities of users and services, basic Grid security mechanisms leave access control decisions
to services. The Grid community has developed authorization and access control tools for storing and providing
access to system-wide authorization information and for creating a central data store for supporting decentralized

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control mechanisms.
Basic Security Mechanisms
? Pre-Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A non-Web services implementation of the Grid
Security Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI
mechanisms

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? Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A Web services implementation of the Grid Security
Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI mechanisms

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Result:
Thus the program to develop a security application available in Globus toolkit was successfully executed.
Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a secured applications using a basic security
mechanisms available in Globus toolkit

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25 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Applications:

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To provide easy acces to best breed open source network security


1. What are the collective services available in grid computing?
2. What are the basic principles of autonomous computing?

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3. What are the four essential characteristics of on demand business?
4. What are the essential capabilities provided by on demand business?
5. What are the two most important technologies for building semantic webs?
6. Define Peer to Peer computing?
7. What is the combination of Globus GT3 toolkit?

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8. What is a GT3 core?
9. What are the components available in service model?
10. Define WS-Trust
11. Define WS ?Federation
12. Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?

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13. Who are the actors in CDC?
14. Mention the scenarios in CDC?
15. What are the functional requirements of CDC on OGSA?

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Viva-voce

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26 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 06: DEVELOP A GRID PORTAL, WHERE USER CAN SUBMIT
A JOB AND GET THE RESULT, IMPLEMENT IT WITH AND WITHOUT
GRAM CONCEPT.

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Aim:
To develop a Grid portal and implement it with and without GRAM concept
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos

Procedure:
Multiple times that the likely user interface to grid applications will be through portals, specifically Web portals. A grid
portal may be constructed as a Web page interface to provide easy access to grid applications. The Web user

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interface provides user authentication, job submission, job monitoring, and results of the job.
Globus Resource Allocation Manager (GRAM)
When a job is submitted by a client, the request is sent to the remote host and handled by a gatekeeper daemon.
The gatekeeper creates a job manager to start and monitor the job. When the job is finished, the job manager
sends the status information back to the client and terminates.

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The GRAM subsystem consists of the following elements:
? The globusrun command and associated APIs Resource Specification Language (RSL)
? The gatekeeper daemon The job manager Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator (DUROC)
Each of these elements are described briefly below.
The globusrun command

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The globusrun command (or its equivalent API) submits a job to a resource within the grid. This command
is typically passed an RSL string (see below) that specifies parameters and other properties required to successfully
launch and run the job

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27 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Resource Specification Language (RSL)
RSL is a language used by clients to specify the job to be run. All job submission requests are described in an RSL
string that includes information such as the executable file; its parameters; information about redirection of stdin,

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stdout, and stderr; and so on. Basically it provides a standard way of specifying all of the information required to
execute a job, independent of the target environment. It is then the responsibility of the job manager on the target
system to parse the information and launch the job in the appropriate way.
The syntax of RSL is very straightforward. Each statement is enclosed within parenthesis. Comments are
designated with parenthesis and asterisks, for example, (* this is a comment *). Supported attributes include the

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following:
rsl_substitution: Defines variables
executable: The script or command to be run
arguments: Information or flags to be passed to the executable
stdin: Specifies the remote URL and local file used for the executable stdout: Specifies the remote file to place

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standard output from the job stderr: Specifies the remote file to place standard error from the job queue: Specifies the
queue to submit the job (requires a scheduler) count: Specifies the number of executions
directory: Specifies the directory to run the job
project: Specifies a project account for the job (requires a scheduler) dryRun: Verifies the RSL string but
does not run the job

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maxMemory: Specifies the maximum amount of memory in MBs required for the job
minMemory: Specifies the minimum amount of memory in MBs required for the job
hostCount: Specifies the number of nodes in a cluster required for the job environment: Specifies environment
variables that are required for the job
jobType: Specifies the type of job single process, multi-process, mpi, or condor

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maxTime: Specifies the maximum execution wall or cpu time for one execution
maxWallTime: Specifies the maximum walltime for one execution maxCpuTime: Specifies the maximum
cpu time for one execution
gramMyjob: Specifies the whether the gram myjob interface starts one process/thread (independent) or more
(collective)

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Result:

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Thus the program to develop Grid Portal was successfully executed.


29 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid portal and implement it with and
without GRAM concept

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Application:
? It is useful and necessary for interfaces for the performance of operations on the Grid. The Grid
Portal Development Kit (GPDK) facilitates the development of Grid portals and provides several key
reusable components for accessing various Grid services.
? A Grid Portal provides a customizable interface allowing scientists to perform a variety of Grid

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operations including remote program submission, file staging, and querying of information services
from a single, secure gateway.
? The Grid Portal Development Kit leverages off existing Globus/Grid middleware infrastructure as
well as commodity web technology including Java Server Pages and servlets .

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1) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?
2) What are the major goals of OGSA?
3) What are the more specific goals of OGSA?

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4) What are the main purposes of use case defined by OGSA?
5) Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
6) What are the layers available in OGSA architectural organizations?
7) What are the OGSA basic services?
8) What are the two aspects involved in GRAM?

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9) What are the two kinds of lifecycle model associated with state data recovery?
10) What is a GT3 core?
11) What are the major components of default server side framework?
12) What is Grid container?
13) What are the two levels of security available in GT3?

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14) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?
15) What are the two different message-level authentication mechanisms provided by GT3 framework?
16) What are the most common GT3 security handlers?
Viva-voce

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30 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

INTRODUCTION TO CLOUD COMPUTING

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What is cloud computing?
Cloud computing means that instead of all the computer hardware and software you're using sitting on your
desktop, or somewhere inside your company's network, it's provided for you as a service by another company and
accessed over the Internet, usually in a completely seamless way. Exactly where the hardware and software is
located and how it all works doesn't matter to you, the user?it's just somewhere up in the nebulous "cloud" that the

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Internet represents.
Cloud computing is a buzzword that means different things to different people. For some, it's just another way of
describing IT (information technology) "outsourcing"; others use it to mean any computing service provided over the
Internet or a similar network; and some define it as any bought-in computer service you use that sits outside your
firewall.

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Types of cloud computing
IT people talk about three different kinds of cloud computing, where different services are being provided for you.
Note that there's a certain amount of vagueness about how these things are defined and some overlap between
them.
? Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) means you're buying access to raw computing hardware over the Net,

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such as servers or storage. Since you buy what you need and pay-as-you-go, this is often referred to as
utility computing. Ordinary web hosting is a simple example of IaaS: you pay a monthly subscription or a
per-megabyte/gigabyte fee to have a hosting company serve up files for your website from their servers.
? Software as a Service (SaaS) means you use a complete application running on someone else's system.
Web-based email and Google Documents are perhaps the best-known examples. Zoho is another well-

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known SaaS provider offering a variety of office applications online.
? Platform as a Service (PaaS) means you develop applications using Web-based tools so they run on
systems software and hardware provided by another company. So, for example, you might develop your
own ecommerce website but have the whole thing, including the shopping cart, checkout, and payment
mechanism running on a merchant's server. App Cloud (from salesforce.com) and the Google App Engine

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are examples of PaaS.
Advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing
Advantages
The pros of cloud computing are obvious and compelling. If your business is selling books or repairing shoes,
why get involved in the nitty gritty of buying and maintaining a complex computer system? If you run an insurance

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office, do you really want your sales agents wasting time running anti-virus software, upgrading word-processors, or
worrying about hard-drive crashes? Do you really want them cluttering your expensive computers with their personal


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emails, illegally shared MP3 files, and naughty YouTube videos?when you could leave that responsibility to
someone else? Cloud computing allows you to buy in only the services you want, when you want them, cutting the
upfront capital costs of computers and peripherals. You avoid equipment going out of date and other familiar IT
problems like ensuring system security and reliability. You can add extra services (or take them away) at a moment's

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notice as your business needs change. It's really quick and easy to add new applications or services to your
business without waiting weeks or months for the new computer (and its software) to arrive.
Drawbacks
Instant convenience comes at a price. Instead of purchasing computers and software, cloud computing means you
buy services, so one-off, upfront capital costs become ongoing operating costs instead. That might work out much

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more expensive in the long-term.
If you're using software as a service (for example, writing a report using an online word processor or sending emails
through webmail), you need a reliable, high-speed, broadband Internet connection functioning the whole time you're
working. That's something we take for granted in countries such as the United States, but it's much more of an issue
in developing countries or rural areas where broadband is unavailable.

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An Introduction to Cloud Computing with OpenNebula
An OpenNebula Private Cloud provides infrastructure users with an elastic platform for fast delivery and scalability of
services to meet dynamic demands of service end-users. Services are hosted in VMs, and then submitted,
monitored and controlled in the Cloud by using Sunstone or any of the OpenNebula interfaces:
? Command Line Interface (CLI)

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? XML-RPC API
? OpenNebulaRuby and Java Cloud APIs
The aim of a Private Cloud is not to expose to the world a cloud interface to sell capacity over the Internet, but to
provide local cloud users and administrators with a flexible and agile private infrastructure to run virtualized service
workloads within the administrative domain. OpenNebula virtual infrastructure interfaces expose user and

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administrator functionality for virtualization, networking, image and physical resource configuration, management,
monitoring and accounting.

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Expt.No.1: FIND PROCEDURE TO RUN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE OF
DIFFERENT CONFIGURATION. CHECK HOW MANY VIRTUAL
MACHINES CAN BE UTILIZED AT PARTICULAR TIME.

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Aim:
To Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be
utilized at particular time
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

Creating Virtual Machines

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In OpenNebula the Virtual Machines are defined with Template files. The Template Repository system allows
OpenNebula administrators and users to register Virtual Machine definitions in the system, to be instantiated later as
Virtual Machine instances. These Templates can be instantiated several times, and also shared with other users.
Virtual Machine Model
A Virtual Machine within the OpenNebula system consists of:

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? A capacity in terms memory and CPU
? A set of NICs attached to one or more virtual networks
? A set of disk images
? A state file (optional) or recovery file, that contains the memory image of a running VM plus some hypervisor
specific information.

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The above items, plus some additional VM attributes like the OS kernel and context information to be used inside the
VM, are specified in a template file.
Defining a VM in 3 Steps
Virtual Machines are defined in an OpenNebula Template. Templates are stored in a repository to easily browse and
instantiate VMs from them. To create a new Template you have to define 3 things

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33 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

? Capacity & Name, how big will the VM be?

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Attribute Description Mandatory Default
NAME Name that the VM will get for description purposes. Yes one-
MEMORY Amount of RAM required for the VM, in Megabytes. Yes
CPU CPU ratio (e..g half a physical CPU is 0.5). Yes
VCPU Number of virtual cpus. No 1

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Disks. Each disk is defined with a DISK attribute. A VM can use three types of disk:
? Use a persistent Image changes to the disk image will persist after the VM is shutdown.
? Use a non-persistent Image images are cloned, changes to the image will be lost.
? Volatile disks are created on the fly on the target host. After the VM is shutdown the disk is disposed.

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Persistent and Clone Disks
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
IMAGE_ID and IMAGE The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes
IMAGE_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No self
IMAGE_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No self

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Volatile
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
TYPE
Type of the disk: swap, fs. swap type will set the label to swap so it is
easier to mount and the context packages will automatically mount it.

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Yes
SIZE size in MB Yes
FORMAT
filesystem for fs images: ext2, ext3, etc. raw will not format the image. For
VMs to run on vmfs or vmwareshared configurations, the valid values are:

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Yes


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Attribute Description Mandatory Default
vmdk_thin, vmdk_zeroedthick, vmdk_eagerzeroedthick

Network Interfaces. Each network interface of a VM is defined with the NIC attribute.
Attribute Description Mandatory Default

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NETWORK_ID and NETWORK The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes
NETWORK_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No Self
NETWORK_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No Self

The following example shows a VM Template file with a couple of disks and a network interface, also a VNC section

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was added.
NAME = test-vm
MEMORY = 128
CPU = 1

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DISK = [ IMAGE = "Arch Linux" ]
DISK = [ TYPE = swap,
SIZE = 1024 ]

NIC = [ NETWORK = "Public", NETWORK_UNAME="oneadmin" ]

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GRAPHICS = [
TYPE = "vnc",
LISTEN = "0.0.0.0"]
Simple templates can be also created using the command line instead of creating a template file. The parameters to

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do this for onetemplate are:

Parameter

Description

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--namename Name for the VM
--cpucpu CPU percentage reserved for the VM (1=100% one CPU)


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Parameter

Description

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--vcpuvcpu Number of virtualized CPUs
--archarch Architecture of the VM, e.g.: i386 or x86_64
--memorymemory Memory ammount given to the VM
--diskdisk0,disk1 Disks to attach. To use a disk owned by other user use user[disk]
--nicvnet0,vnet1 Networks to attach. To use a network owned by other user use user[network]

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--rawstring
Raw string to add to the template. Not to be confused with the RAW attribute. If you want
to provide more than one element, just include an enter inside quotes, instead of using
more than one -raw option
--vnc Add VNC server to the VM

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--ssh[file]
Add an ssh public key to the context. If the file is omited then the user variable
SSH_PUBLIC_KEY will be used.
--net_context Add network contextualization parameters
--contextline1,line2 * Lines to add to the context section

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--bootdevice Select boot device (hd, fd, cdrom or network)
A similar template as the previous example can be created with the following command:
$ onetemplate create --name test-vm --memory 128 --cpu 1 --disk "Arch Linux" --nic Public
Managing Virtual Machines
Assuming we have a VM Template registered called vm-example with ID 6, then we can instantiate the VM issuing

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a:
$ onetemplate list

ID USER GROUP NAME REGTIME
6 oneadminoneadminvm_example 09/28 06:44:07

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$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm


36 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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VM ID: 0
If the template has USER INPUTSdefined the CLI will prompt the user for these values:
$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm

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There are some parameters that require user input.

* (BLOG_TITLE) Blog Title:
* (DB_PASSWORD) Database Password:
VM ID: 0

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Afterwards, the VM can be listed with the onevmlist command. You can also use the onevmtop command to list VMs
continuously.
$ onevm list

ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME

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0 oneadminoneadminmy_vm pend 0 0K 00 00:00:03
After a Scheduling cycle, the VM will be automatically deployed. But the deployment can also be forced by oneadmin
using onevmdeploy:
$ onehost list

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ID NAME RVM TCPU FCPU ACPU TMEM FMEM AMEM STAT
2 testbed 0 800 800 800 16G 16G16G on
$ onevm deploy 0 2

$ onevm list

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ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME
0 oneadminoneadminmy_vmrunn 0 0K testbed 00 00:02:40

$ onevm show 0

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VIRTUAL MACHINE 0 INFORMATION
ID :0
NAME : my_vm
USER : oneadmin
GROUP : oneadmin

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STATE : ACTIVE

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LCM_STATE : RUNNING
START TIME : 04/14 09:00:24
END TIME : -
DEPLOY ID: : one-0
PERMISSIONS

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OWNER : um-
GROUP : ---
OTHER : ---
VIRTUAL MACHINE MONITORING
NET_TX : 13.05

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NET_RX : 0
USED MEMORY : 512
USED CPU : 0
VIRTUAL MACHINE TEMPLATE
VIRTUAL MACHINE HISTORY

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SEQ HOSTNAME REASON START TIME PTIME

0 testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00
testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00

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38 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to run virtual machines on different configuration was successfully executed & its utilization time is
checked in various machines.

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39 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find procedure to run the virtual machine of different
Configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
Applications:
? An advantage of virtualizing the workload?s I/O path enables hardware independence by
abstracting vendor specific drivers to more generalized versions that run on the hypervisor.

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? It allows the live migration, which is one of virtualization?s greatest availability strengths
? The sharing of aggregate resources, such as network paths

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1. What is cloud computing?
2. What are the benefits of cloud computing?
3. What are the different data types used in cloud computing?
4. What are the different layers in cloud computing?
5. What do you mean by software as a service?

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6. What is on-demand functionality? How is it provided in cloud computing?
7. What are the platforms used for large scale cloud computing?
8. What are the different models for deployment in cloud computing?
9. What is the difference between cloud computing and mobile computing?
10. What are the open source cloud computing platform databases?

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11. What is the difference between cloud and traditional datacenters?
12. Why API's is used in cloud services?
13. What are the different datacenters in cloud computing?
14. Define API in data virtualization?
15. List of API in cloud?

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Viva-voce


40 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No.02: FIND PROCEDURE TO ATTACH VIRTUAL BLOCK TO
THE VIRTUAL MACHINE AND CHECK WHETHER IT HOLDS THE
DATA EVEN AFTER THE RELEASE OF THE VIRTUAL MACHINE.
Aim:
To find a procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even after the

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release of the virtual machine

Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

Procedure:
VirtualBox uses a special kernel module called vboxdrv to perform physical memory allocation and to gain control of

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the processor for guest system execution. Without this kernel module, you can still use the VirtualBox manager to
configure virtual machines, but they will not start. In addition, there are the network kernel modules vboxnetflt and
vboxnetadp which are required for the more advanced networking features of VirtualBox.
The VirtualBox kernel module is automatically installed on your system when you install VirtualBox. To
maintain it with future kernel updates, for those Linux distributions which provide it -- most current ones -- we

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recommend installing Dynamic Kernel Module Support (DKMS). This framework helps with building and upgrading
kernel modules.
If DKMS is not already installed, execute one of the following:
On an Ubuntu system:
sudo apt-get install dkms

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If DKMS is available and installed, the VirtualBox kernel module should always work automatically, and it will be
automatically rebuilt if your host kernel is updated.
Otherwise, there are only two situations in which you will need to worry about the kernel module:
1. The original installation fails. This probably means that your Linux system is not prepared for building
external kernel modules.

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41 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Most Linux distributions can be set up simply by installing the right packages - normally, these will be the

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GNU compiler (GCC), GNU Make (make) and packages containing header files for your kernel - and making
sure that all system updates are installed and that the system is running the most up-to-date kernel included
in the distribution. The version numbers of the header file packages must be the same as that of the kernel
you are using.
? With Debian and Ubuntu releases, you must install the right version of the linux-headers and if it exists

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the linux-kbuild package. Current Ubuntu releases should have the right packages installed by default.
? In even older Debian and Ubuntu releases, you must install the right version of the kernel-headers
package.
? On Fedora and Redhat systems, the package is kernel-devel.
? On SUSE and openSUSE Linux, you must install the right versions of the kernel-source and kernel-syms

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packages.
? If you have built your own kernel, you will need to make sure that you also installed all the required
header and other files for building external modules to the right locations. The details of how to do
this will depend on how you built your kernel, and if you are unsure you should consult the
documentation which you followed to do so.

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2. The kernel of your Linux host was updated and DKMS is not installed. In that case, the kernel module will
need to be reinstalled by executing (as root):
rcvboxdrv setup
Performing the installation
VirtualBox is available in a number of package formats native to various common Linux distributions. In addition,

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there is an alternative generic installer (.run) which should work on most Linux distributions.
Installing VirtualBox from a Debian/Ubuntu package
First, download the appropriate package for your distribution. The following examples assume that you are installing
to a 32-bit Ubuntu Wily system. Use dpkg to install the Debian package:
sudodpkg -i virtualbox-5.0_5.0.20_Ubuntu_wily_i386.deb

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The installer will also try to build kernel modules suitable for the current running kernel. If the build process is not
successful you will be shown a warning and the package will be left unconfigured. Please have a look at /var/log/vbox-
install.log to find out why the compilation failed. You may have to install the appropriate Linux kernel After correcting
any problems, do

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42 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

sudorcvboxdrv setup
This will start a second attempt to build the module.

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If a suitable kernel module was found in the package or the module was successfully built, the installation script will
attempt to load that module.
Once VirtualBox has been successfully installed and configured, you can start it by selecting "VirtualBox" in your
start menu or from the command line.
Using the alternative installer (VirtualBox.run)

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The alternative installer performs the following steps:
? It unpacks the application files to the target directory,
/opt/VirtualBox/
which cannot be changed.
? It builds the VirtualBox kernel modules (vboxdrv, vboxnetflt and vboxnetadp) and installs them.

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? It creates /sbin/rcvboxdrv, an init script to start the VirtualBox kernel module.
? It creates a new system group called vboxusers.
? It creates symbolic links in /usr/bin to the a shell script (/opt/VirtualBox/VBox) which does some sanity checks
and dispatches to the actual executables, VirtualBox, VBoxSDL, VBoxVRDP, VBoxHeadless and VBoxManage
? It creates /etc/udev/rules.d/60-vboxdrv.rules, a description file for udev, if that is present, which makes the USB

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devices accessible to all users in the vboxusers group.
? It writes the installation directory to /etc/vbox/vbox.cfg.
The installer must be executed as root with either install or uninstall as the first parameter.
sudo ./VirtualBox.run install
Or if you do not have the "sudo" command available, run the following as root instead:

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./VirtualBox.run install


43 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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After that you need to put every user which should be able to access USB devices from VirtualBox guests in the
group vboxusers, either through the GUI user management tools or by running the following command as root:
sudousermod -a -G vboxusers username
Performing a manual installation
If, for any reason, you cannot use the shell script installer described previously, you can also perform a manual

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installation. Invoke the installer like this:
./VirtualBox.run --keep --noexec
This will unpack all the files needed for installation in the directory install under the current directory. The VirtualBox
application files are contained in VirtualBox.tar.bz2 which you can unpack to any directory on your system. For
example:

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sudomkdir /opt/VirtualBox
sudo tar jxf ./install/VirtualBox.tar.bz2 -C /opt/VirtualBox
or as root:
mkdir /opt/VirtualBox
tarjxf ./install/VirtualBox.tar.bz2 -C /opt/VirtualBox

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The sources for VirtualBox's kernel module are provided in the src directory. To build the module, change to the
directory and issuemake
If everything builds correctly, issue the following command to install the module to the appropriate module directory:
sudo make install
In case you do not have sudo, switch the user account to root and performmake install

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The VirtualBox kernel module needs a device node to operate. The above make command will tell you how to create
the device node, depending on your Linux system. The procedure is slightly different for a classical Linux setup with
a /dev directory, a system with the now deprecated devfs and a modern Linux system with udev.
Note that the /dev/vboxdrv kernel module device node must be owned by root:root and must be read/writable only for
the user.Next, you will have to install the system initialization script for the kernel module:

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cp /opt/VirtualBox/vboxdrv.sh /sbin/rcvboxdrv
mkdir /etc/vbox
echo INSTALL_DIR=/opt/VirtualBox> /etc/vbox/vbox.cfg

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44 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

and, for convenience, create the following symbolic links:
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VirtualBox
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxManage

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ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxHeadless
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxSDL

Sample Output:

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Result:

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Thus the program to attach virtual block to virtual machine was successfully executed & checked whether it holds the
data after the release of the virtual machine.


45 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find a procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual

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machine and check whether it holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
Application:
? To support the Cloud Computing with the Virtual Block Store System. The fast development of cloud
computing systems stimulates the needs for a standalone block storage system to provide persistent
block storage services to virtual machines maintained by clouds.

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1. What is Type-1 and Type-2 hypervisor?
2. What is the use of virsh command?

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3. Explain how you can transfer volume from one owner to another in Open Stack?
4. Discuss about KVM Features?
5. What is Virtual block?
6. What is Virtualization?
7. What are virtual clusters?

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8. How virtualization happens in data center?
9. List some of the open source grid middleware packages.
10. What is a programming model?
11. What is Hadoop?
12. What are map and reduce functions?

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13. How to run a job in hadoop?
14. What is HDFS?
15. What are the open source grid middleware packages?
16. What is peer to peer computing?
17. What are node clusters?

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18. How virtual migration happens in data center?
Viva-voce


46 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No.03: INSTALL A C COMPILER IN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE AND
EXECUTE A SAMPLE PROGRAM.
Aim:
To Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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1. Create a VM and Install any OS on it.
2.Install a C compiler on OS
3.Open a Editor and type the sample program and Save.
4.Compile and run the Program
Example:

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C programming on Linux based Environement

1. Open Terminal (Applications-Accessories-Terminal)
2. Open gedit by typing ?gedit&? on terminal(You can also use any other Text Editor application)
3. Type the following on gedit

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(or any other text editor)
#include
main()
{
printf("Hello World\n");

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}
Save this file as
?helloworld. C?
5. Type ?ls? on Terminal to see all files under current folder
6. Confirm that ?helloworld.c? is in the current directory.

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If not, type cd DIRECTORY_PATH to go to the
directory that has ?helloworld.c?
7. Type ?gcchelloworld.c? to compile, and type ?ls? to
confirm that a new executable file ?a.out? is created
8. Type ?./a.out? on Terminal to run the program

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47 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to install a C complier is done and the sample program was executed successfully.

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48 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and
execute a sample program
Application:

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The application of installing a C compiler in the virtual machine benefits to have a portable executable, for
each platform.

1. What is the difference between Xen & KVM ?
2. What are different hypervisors available in Linux ?

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3. Which command is used to list all virtual machine running on the KVM hypervisor ?
4. What are the different states of a VM in Xen hypervisor ?
5. How to forcefully shutdown the KVM based virtual machine from the command line ?
6. What is virtual Machine?
7. What is Compiler?

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8. What is Directory?
9. List the C Compilers available?
10. What is virtualization?
11. List out VM operations
12. What are different hypervisors available in windows?

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13. How to implement applications on the cloud to install C compiler?
14. What are grid and cloud tools available?
15. What is hypervisor?
Viva-voce

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49 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No.04: SHOW THE VIRTUAL MACHINE MIGRATION BASED ON
THE CERTAIN CONDITION FROM ONE NODE TO THE OTHER.

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Aim:
To Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other

Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

Procedure:

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1.Update source and target virtual machines to latest package versions
To help ensure that platform images between cloud providers are running the same version of key operating system
packages, update these packages to the latest versions on both source and target virtual machines.
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

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2. Install rsync and screen packages on source and target virtual machines
The migration of application packages and files in this process will use rsync over ssh between source and target
virtual machines. The actual transfer of files between virtual machines can take some time, so I also recommend
using screen so that you can easily re-attach to an in-progress migration session if you are inadvertently
disconnected.

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Ensure that rsync and screen packages are installed on both the source and target virtual machines with these
commands:
sudo apt-get install rsync
sudo apt-get install screen
3. Add a consistent user account to both source and target virtual machines

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To facilitate the migration process, ensure that you have a consistent user account configured on both source and
target virtual machines with sudo enabled. The newly provisioned target virtual machines from Task 3 already


50 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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include a user named azureuser with sudo enabled. To configure this same user on each source virtual machine,
use the following commands:
sudogroupadd -g 500 azureuser
sudouseradd -u 500 -g 500 -m -s /bin/bash azureuser

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sudopasswdazureuser
4. Start a screen session for the migration
On the source virtual machine, enter a new screen session for the migration by using the following command:
sudo screen -S AzureMigration
If you are disconnected from the source virtual machine during the migration process, you can reconnect to the

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detached screen session by using the following command after signing in again to the source virtual machine:
sudo screen -r
5. Build an exclusion list of directories and files
During the migration, we want to be careful to skip any files that include configuration information relating to the
identity of the source virtual machines, such as IP addresses, hostnames, ssh keys, etc. For the Ubuntu-based

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virtual machines that we migrated, we used the following commands on each source virtual machine to build our
list of directories and files to exclude from the migration process:
EXCLUDEFILE=/tmp/exclude.file
EXCLUDELIST='/boot /etc/fstab /etc/hostname /etc/issue /etc/hosts
/etc/sudoers /etc/networks /etc/network/* /etc/resolv.conf

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/etc/ssh/* /etc/sysctl.conf /etc/mtab /etc/udev/rules.d/*
/lock /net /tmp'
EXCLUDEPATH=$(echo $EXCLUDELIST | sed 's/\ /\\n/g')
echo -e $EXCLUDEPATH > $EXCLUDEFILE
find / -name '*cloud-init*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE

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find / -name '*cloud-config*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE
find / -name '*cloud-final*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE


51 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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The actual list of directories and files that you exclude may vary from this list, based on the Linux distro version,
packages and applications that you are migrating.
Credits: Kudos to Kevin Carter who wrote a great article a couple years ago that provided a useful starting point for
building a list of directories and files to consider excluding as part of a Linux-to-Linux migration process!

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6. Stop applications during migration
To minimize application data changes from occurring during the migration process, stop the related applications and
daemons on the source virtual machines. The application that we migrated was a web application built using
Apache2, so we simply stopped the related Apache2 daemon.
sudo service stop apache2

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7. Migrate the application files and data
From each source virtual machine, migrate application files and data using two rsync passes over ssh. The first
pass performs the bulk of the data transfer, whereas the second pass uses checksums to confirm that all files were
transferred successfully.
TARGETVM="insert_target_vm_public_ip_address"

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rsync -e "ssh" -rlpEAXogDtSzh -P -x ?exclude-from="$EXCLUDEFILE" ?rsync-path="sudorsync" ?
verbose ?progress / azureuser@$TARGETVM:/
rsync -e "ssh" -crlpEAXogDtSzh -P -x ?exclude-from="$EXCLUDEFILE" ?rsync-path="sudorsync" ?
verbose ?progress / azureuser@$TARGETVM:/
8. Restart each target virtual machine

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After both rsync passes have completed, restart each target virtual machine to complete the migration
process.
sshazureuser@$TARGETVM
shutdown -r now

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Result:
Thus the program to implement migration of virtual machine was executed successfully.


53 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to Show the virtual machine migration based on the

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certain condition from one node to the other
Application:
? Its easier to migrate a Virtual Machine from one server to another, than migrating the operating
system and application(s) individually.
? Using Virtual Machine Migration, its possible to migrate operating systems and applications from

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older servers to newer servers easily and without disrupting the services.

1. What are the basic requirements of VM live migration in KVM?
2. Which command is used in KVM for VMs live migration?
3. How to get hardware information of KVM guest machine?

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4. What is VM migration?
5. Which type of virtualization is also characteristic of cloud computing ?
6. Which virtualization standard does the WebSphere Application Server Hypervisor Edition use?
7.Which three tools are included in the IBM Rational Jazz Collaborative Application Lifecycle
Management (C/ALM) solution?

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8. What are two ways a public cloud helps customers reduce their IT costs?
9.What functionality is provided by the IBM Security Network Intrusion Prevention System Virtual
Appliance for a cloud environment?
10. What are two important benefits of using cloud computing?
11. What is the value of IBM Security Information and Event Manager in a cloud provider environment?

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12. What is the main purpose of an IBM CloudBurst solution?
Viva-voce


54 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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EX.NO.5: PROCEDURE TO INSTALL STORAGE CONTROLLER AND
INTERACT WITH IT.
Aim:
Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos

Procedure:

To install Storage Control, follow these steps.

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Ensure that Systems Director 6.3 is installed and running.
Ensure that you are logged in to Systems Director with a user ID that has administrative privileges.
Windows only: Restart the DB2 Management server.
a) Go to Start >Administrative Tools >Services.
b) Select DB2 Management Service from the services window and restart it.

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If you want to download and install Storage Control, go to step 5. If you want to install Storage Control from read-
only media, such as a CD or mounted .iso image, go to step 8.
From the Systems Director summary page, click the link Try Storage Control in the upper right corner.
A download page opens. Download the appropriate file for your operating system.
7.Extract the files to the directory where you want to install Storage Control, then go to step 9.

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8. Copy the Storage Control installer directory from the CD or the mounted .iso image into a temporary directory
close to the system root. For example, /SCInstall for AIX or Linux and C:\SCInstall for Windows.
9. Access a command window and navigate to the directory where you extracted the files or where you copied
the installer directory. Run the appropriate script. If you do not want the license agreement to display, use the -
ioption when you run the script. For example, StorageControlInstall.sh -i.

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Important: If you are not using IBM DB2 managed by Systems Director, then
the DB2 user ID used must have DB2 Administrator privileges.
On Microsoft Windows systems, run the script StorageControlInstall.bat.

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55 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

On Linux and AIX systems, run the script StorageControlInstall.sh.
10. Restart Systems Director as directed.

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Result:
Thus the program to install storage controller was executed successfully.

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56 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find procedure to install storage controller and
interact with it
Application:

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A controller offers a level of abstraction between an operating system and the physical drives. A RAID
controller presents groups to applications and operating systems as logical units for which data protection
schemes can be defined.

1. What is a snapshot?

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2. What is Thick Provision Lazy Zeroed?
3. What is Thick Provision Eager Zeroed?
4. What is Thin Provision?
5. What is VDI?
6. What is storage vMotion?

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7. How many virtual CPUs can I use on a Fault Tolerant virtual machine?
8. What is the use of vmware tools?
9. What happens if vCenter Server is offline when a failover event occurs?
10. What are the monitoring methods used for vSphere HA?
11. What are the roles of a master host in vSphere HA?

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12. What is the hardware version used in VMware ESXi 5.5?
13. What is server virtualization?
14. What is Network Virtualization?
15. What is template?
Viva-Voce

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57 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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EX.NO.6: PROCEDURE TO SET UP ONE HADOOP CLUSTER

Aim:
To Find a procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
Follow the steps given below to have Hadoop Multi-Node cluster setup.

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Installing Java
Java is the main prerequisite for Hadoop. First of all, you should verify the existence of java in your system using
?java -version?. The syntax of java version command is given below.
$ java-version
If everything works fine it will give you the following output.

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java version "1.7.0_71"
Java(TM) SE RuntimeEnvironment(build 1.7.0_71-b13)
JavaHotSpot(TM)Client VM (build 25.0-b02, mixed mode)
If java is not installed in your system, then follow the given steps for installing java.
1. Download java (JDK - X64.tar.gz) by visiting the following link

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http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk7-downloads-1880260.html
Then jdk-7u71-linux-x64.tar.gz will be downloaded into your system.
2. Generally you will find the downloaded java file in Downloads folder. Verify it and extract the jdk-7u71-linux-
x64.gz file using the following commands.
$ cdDownloads/

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$ ls
jdk-7u71-Linux-x64.gz
$ tar zxf jdk-7u71-Linux-x64.gz
$ ls
jdk1.7.0_71 jdk-7u71-Linux-x64.gz

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58 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

3. To make java available to all the users, you have to move it to the location ?/usr/local/?. Open the root, and type

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the following commands.
$ su
password:
# mv jdk1.7.0_71 /usr/local/
# exit

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4. For setting up PATH and JAVA_HOME variables, add the following commands to ~/.bashrc file.
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.7.0_71
export PATH=PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
Now verify the java -version command from the terminal as explained above. Follow the above process and install
java in all your cluster nodes.

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Creating User Account
Create a system user account on both master and slave systems to use the Hadoop installation.
# useraddhadoop
# passwdhadoop
Mapping the nodes

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You have to edit hosts file in /etc/ folder on all nodes, specify the IP address of each system followed by their host
names.
# vi /etc/hosts
enter the following lines in the /etc/hosts file.
192.168.1.109hadoop-master

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192.168.1.145 hadoop-slave-1
192.168.56.1 hadoop-slave-2
Configuring Key Based Login
Setup ssh in every node such that they can communicate with one another without any prompt for password.
# suhadoop

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$ ssh-keygen-t rsa
$ ssh-copy-id-i~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub tutorialspoint@hadoop-master
$ ssh-copy-id-i~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop_tp1@hadoop-slave-1
$ ssh-copy-id-i~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop_tp2@hadoop-slave-2
$ chmod0600~/.ssh/authorized_keys

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$ exit
Installing Hadoop
In the Master server, download and install Hadoop using the following commands.
# mkdir /opt/hadoop
# cd /opt/hadoop/

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# wget http://apache.mesi.com.ar/hadoop/common/hadoop-1.2.1/hadoop-1.2.0.tar.gz
# tar -xzf hadoop-1.2.0.tar.gz
# mv hadoop-1.2.0 hadoop

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59 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

# chown -R hadoop /opt/hadoop
# cd /opt/hadoop/hadoop/
Configuring Hadoop

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You have to configure Hadoop server by making the following changes as given below.
core-site.xml

Open the core-site.xml file and edit it as shown below.

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fs.default.name
hdfs://hadoop-master:9000/

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dfs.permissions
false


hdfs-site.xml

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Open the hdfs-site.xml file and edit it as shown below.


dfs.data.dir
/opt/hadoop/hadoop/dfs/name/data

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true



dfs.name.dir

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/opt/hadoop/hadoop/dfs/name
true

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dfs.replication
1


mapred-site.xml

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Open the mapred-site.xml file and edit it as shown below.



60 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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mapred.job.tracker
hadoop-master:9001

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hadoop-env.sh
Open the hadoop-env.sh file and edit JAVA_HOME, HADOOP_CONF_DIR, and HADOOP_OPTS as shown below.
Note: Set the JAVA_HOME as per your system configuration.
export JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk1.7.0_17 export HADOOP_OPTS=-Djava.net.preferIPv4Stack=trueexport

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HADOOP_CONF_DIR=/opt/hadoop/hadoop/conf
Installing Hadoop on Slave Servers
Install Hadoop on all the slave servers by following the given commands.
# suhadoop
$ cd/opt/hadoop

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$ scp-r hadoop hadoop-slave-1:/opt/hadoop
$ scp-r hadoop hadoop-slave-2:/opt/hadoop
Configuring Hadoop on Master Server
Open the master server and configure it by following the given commands.
# suhadoop

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$ cd/opt/hadoop/hadoop
Configuring Master Node
$ vietc/hadoop/masters
hadoop-master
Configuring Slave Node

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$ vietc/hadoop/slaves
hadoop-slave-1
hadoop-slave-2
Format Name Node on Hadoop Master
# suhadoop

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$ cd/opt/hadoop/hadoop
$ bin/hadoopnamenode?format
11/10/1410:58:07 INFO namenode.NameNode:
STARTUP_MSG:/************************************************************
STARTUP_MSG: Starting NameNode

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STARTUP_MSG: host = hadoop-master/192.168.1.109
STARTUP_MSG: args = [-format]
STARTUP_MSG: version = 1.2.0
STARTUP_MSG: build = https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/hadoop/common/branches/branch-1.2 -r 1479473;
compiled by 'hortonfo' on Mon May 6 06:59:37 UTC 2013

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FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice


0 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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College o f Engineering
?

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DEPARTMENT OF
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
VII SEMESTER - R 2013

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Name : ______________________________________
Reg. No. : ______________________________________

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Section : ______________________________________
LABORATORY MANUAL


1 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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DHANALAKSHMI


is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and enterprising

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professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and training.


? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic Excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at different levels

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? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart and
soul

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

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To strive for acquiring, applying and imparting knowledge in Computer Science and Engineering through quality
education and to provide enthusiastic professionals with commitment


? To produce highly competent and globally employable engineers in the field of Computer Science and

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Engineering
? To inculcate human values among the student community and make them realize their commitment to the society
? To exhibit excellence in pursuit of research and innovative products with a zeal to serve the society

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VISION
VISION
MISSION
MISSION

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2 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)
1. Fundamentals

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To provide students with a solid foundation in Mathematics, Science and fundamentals of engineering, enabling
them to apply, to find solutions for engineering problems and use this knowledge to acquire higher education
2. Core Competence
To train the students in Computer science and engineering technologies so that they apply their knowledge and
training to compare, and to analyze various engineering industrial problems to find solutions

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3. Breadth
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice this enables them to
find solutions for the real time problems in industry, and to design products
4. Professionalism
To inculcate professional and effective communication skills, leadership qualities and team spirit in the students

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to make them multi-faceted personalities and develop their ability to relate engineering issues to broader social
context
5. Lifelong Learning/Ethics
To demonstrate and practice ethical and professional responsibilities in the industry and society in the large,
through commitment and lifelong learning needed for successful professional career

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4

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PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)
a) To demonstrate and apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Electronics and Communication Engineering field
b) To design a component, a system or a process to meet the specific needs within the realistic constraints

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such as economics, environment, ethics, health, safety and manufacturability
c) To demonstrate the competency to use software tools for computation, simulation and testing of electronics and
communication engineering circuits
d) To identify, formulate and solve electronic and communication engineering problems
e) To demonstrate an ability to visualize and work on laboratory and multidisciplinary tasks

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f) To function as a member or a leader in multidisciplinary activities
g) To communicate in verbal and written form with fellow engineers and society at large
h) To understand the impact of Electronics and Communication Engineering in the society and demonstrate awareness
of contemporary issues and commitment to give solutions exhibiting social responsibility
i) To demonstrate professional & ethical responsibilities

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j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To participate and succeed in competitive exams

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5 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

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SYLLABUS
Learn the working of ARM processor
Understand the Building Blocks of Embedded Systems
Learn the concept of memory map and memory interface
Know the characteristics of Real Time Systems

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Write programs to interface memory, I/Os with processor
Study the interrupt performance
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
GRID COMPUTING LAB
Use Globus Toolkit or equivalent and do the following:

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1. Develop a new Web Service for Calculator.
2. Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service.
3. Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service.
4. Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs
5. Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus Toolkit.

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6. Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it with and without
GRAM concept.

CLOUD COMPUTING LAB
Use Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent to set up the cloud and demonstrate.

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1. Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines
COURSE OBJECTIVES


6 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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can be utilized at particular time.
2. Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even
after the release of the virtual machine.
3. Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program.

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4. Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other.
5. Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it.
6. Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster.
7. Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE.
8. Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it.

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9. Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits.
? Design and implement applications on the Grid.
? Design and Implement applications on the Cloud.
? Design network objects by applying the networking concepts.
? Create virtualization concept.

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? Design web based applications.
? Apply cloud tools for resource allocation.
? Apply grid tools for network translation.
? Design private cloud using open stack.
COURSE OUTCOMES

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7


CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

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CONTENTS
Sl. No. Name of the Experiment Page No.
CYCLE 1 ? EXPERIMENTS ( GRID COMPUTING)
1
Develop a new Web Service for Calculator 7

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2
Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service 16
3
Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service 19
4

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Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs 22
5
Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus
Toolkit
25

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6
Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it
with and without GRAM concept
27
CYCLE 2 ? EXPERIMENTS (CLOUD COMPUTING)

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1
Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how
many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
34
2

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Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it
holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
36
3 Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program 39
4

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Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to
the other
42
5 Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it 45
6 Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster 47

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7 Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE
ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS
1 Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it 52
2 Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks 55

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8 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO GRID COMPUTING


GRID TECHNOLOGY

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? Flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and
resource
? Grid architecture
? Defined using services and protocols

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? Using the ?sand hourglass? model similar to the TCP/IP protocol stack

"A computational grid is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides dependable, consistent, pervasive and
inexpensive access to high-end computational capabilities."
Grid computing makes it possible to dynamically share and coordinate dispersed, heterogeneous computing

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resources. Flexibility and ubiquity are essential characteristics of Web services technologies such as WSDL (Web
Services Description Language), SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), and UDDI (Universal Description,
Discovery, and Integration).
The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) combines technologies to unlock and exploit grid-attached resources.
OGSA defines mechanisms to create, manage, and exchange information between Grid Services, a special type of

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Web service. The architecture uses WSDL extensively to describe the structure and behavior of a service. Service
descriptions are located and discovered using Web Services Inspection Language (WSIL). By combining elements
from grid computing and Web services technologies, OGSA establishes an extensible and interoperable design and
development framework for Grid Services that includes details for service definition, discovery, and life-cycle
management.

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9 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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GLOBUS TOOLKIT

The Globus Toolkit provides software tools to make it easier to build computational grids and grid-based
applications. The Globus Toolkit is both an open architecture and open source toolkit.

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? The Globus Toolkit is a product of the Globus Alliance (http://www.globus.org)
? It is middleware for developing grids
? The current release is 6.0.
? Four key protocols and APIs
? Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI)

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? Grid Resource Allocation & Mgmt (GRAM)
? Grid Resource Information Protocol (GRIP) and Index Information Protocol (GIIP)
? Grid File Transfer Protocol (GridFTP)
? Implementations on many platforms
? Resources, security systems, data models,

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? Various collective layer protocols & tools
? Info services, replica management, etc.
? A basis for many Grid-enabled tools & apps
FTP, SSH, Condor, SRB, MPI, EDG, GridPort,
GLOBUS TOOLKIT? COMPONENTS

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? Security
? GSI ? Grid Security Infrastructure
? Resource Management
? GRAM ? Grid Resource Allocation Manager
o globusrun

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o RSL
o gatekeeper
o job manager
o DUROC ? Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator
? Information Services

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? MDS ? Monitoring and Discovery Service


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o GRIS ? Grid Resource Information Service
o GIIS ? Grid Index Information Service
o MDS Client
? Data Management
o GridFTP, GASS

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The Globus Toolkit latest version 6.0 includes:
GSI: security
GridFTP: file transfer
GRAM: job execution/resource management
MyProxy: credential repository/certificate authority

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GSI-OpenSSH: GSI secure single sign-on remote shell


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GLOBUS TOOLKIT INSTALLATION PROCEDURE
Step1: For installing Globus Toolkit nothing more easy than download the latest package:
http://toolkit.globus.org/ftppub/gt6/installers/repo/globus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
sudodpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Step2: Update the repositories: sudo apt-get update

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Step3: To install Debian or Ubuntu package, download the globus-toolkit-repo package
from the link above and install it with the command:
root@sysa63:/home/#dpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Do the following for Debian-based systems:
root@sysa63:/home/#apt-get install globus-data-management-client

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12 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 01: DEVELOP A NEW WEB SERVICE FOR CALCULATOR

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Aim:
Develop a Web Service for new Calculator
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Our first web service is an extremely simple Math Web Service, which we'll refer to asMathService. It will
2. allow users to perform the following operations:

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a. Addition
b. Subtraction
3. Furthermore, MathService will have the following resource properties (RPs for short):
a. Value (integer)
b. Last operation performed (string)

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4. We will also add a "Get Value" operation to access the Value RP. Once a new resource is created, the
"value" RP is initialized to zero, and the "last operation" RP is initialized to "NONE". The parameter is
added/subtracted to the "value" RP, and the "last operation" RP is changed to "ADDITION" or
"SUBTRACTION" accordingly. Also, the addition and subtraction operations don't return anything.
5. Writing and deploying a WSRF Web Service is easier than you might think. You just have to follow five

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simple steps.
6. Define the service's interface. This is done with WSDL
7. Implement the service. This is done with Java.
8. Define the deployment parameters. This is done with WSDD and JNDI
9. Compile everything and generate a GAR file. This is done with Ant

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10. Deploy service. This is also done with a GT4 tool

Sample Code:

_instance"

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xmlns ="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"
xmlns:tns="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/examples/core/MathService_instance"
xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsrp="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-
ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.xsd" xmlns:wsrpw="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-

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13 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.wsdl"
xmlns:wsdlpp="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/2004/10/WSDLPreprocessor"

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xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">

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Result:

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Thus the program for developing web service for new calculator was successfully executed.



14 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid by using Web Service for new Calculator

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Applications:
To make a calculator in Windows application using web service


1) What is Web Service?

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2) What are the advantages of web services?
3) What are the different types of web services?
4) What is SOAP?
5) What are the advantages of SOAP web services?
6) What are the disadvantages of SOAP web services?

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7) What is WSDL?
8) What is UDDI?
9) What are RESTful web services?
10) What are the advantages of RESTful web services?
11) What is the difference between SOAP and REST web services?

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12) What is SOA service architecture?
13) What tools are used to deploy web services?
14) What is Web Service architecture?
15) What are the advantages of web services in globus toolkit?
16) What are the different types of web services?

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17) What is SOAP web services?
18) What is UDP and TCP?
19) What is stateless SOA?
20) What is data balancing in WSDL?
Viva-voce

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15 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 02: DEVELOP NEW OGSA-COMPLIANT WEB SERVICE

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Aim:
To develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid Service using .NET language.
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

1. Developed by the Global Grid Forum

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2. Aims to define a common, standard, open architecture for Grid Applications.
3. Defines a set of rules that make up a grid service.
4. Sharing and Coordinated use of diverse resources in Dynamic VO's

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Result:
Thus the program for developing OGSA- Complaint web service was successfully executed.

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16 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid
Service using .NET language
Applications:
? Sharing of information among diverse components of large heterogenous grid systems
? WAN

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1. How would you decide what style of Web Service to use? SOAP WS or REST?
2. Does the service expose data or business logic?

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3. Do consumers and the service providers require a formal contract?
4. Do we need to support multiple data formats?
5. Do we need to make AJAX calls?
6. Is the call synchronous or asynchronous?
7. What level of security is required?

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8. What level of transaction support is required?
9. Do we have limited band width?
10. What tools do you use to test your Web Services?
11. What is the difference between SOA and a Web service?
12. What is a microservice architecture (aka MSA)?

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13. What is data integrity?
14. What is cloud infrastructure?


Viva-voce

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17 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 03: USING APACHE AXIS DEVELOP A GRID SERVICE

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Aim:
To develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Creating the New Level in the Package
2. Edit the Configuration Files

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3. Modify the Service Code
4. Modify the Client
5. Compile and Deploy
6. Starting the Container
7. Compile the Client

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8. Run the Client

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18 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:
Addition was successful
Subtraction was successful

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Multiplication was successful
Division was successful
Current value: 20.

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Result:
Thus the program for Grid Service using Apache Axis was successfully executed.

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19 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Applications:
? To create web service in Java

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? To work with Globus Tool kit standards web service


1. What are the different application integration styles?
2. What is Grid Computing?

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3. What is QOS?
4. What are the derivatives of grid computing?
5. What are the features of data grids?
6. What is load balancing?
7. What is grid infrastructure?

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8. Define ? Distributed Computing.
9. Define ? OSGI.
10. Define ? OSGA.
11. What is the use of API?s in cloud services?
12. What is the difference between cloud and grid?

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13. What is data communication?
14. What are the elements of data communication?

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Viva-voce

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20 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 04: DEVELOP APPLICATIONS USING JAVA OR C/C++ GRID
APIS
Aim:

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To develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
1. Import all the necessary java packages and name the file as GridLayoutDemo.java
2. Set up components to preferred size
3. Add buttons to experiment with Grid Layout
4. Add controls to set up horizontal and vertical gaps

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5. Process the Apply gaps button press
6. Create the GUI
7. Create and set up the window,Set up the content pane and Display the Window
8. Schedule a job for the event dispatch thread
9. Show the application's GUI

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21 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00



Sample Output:

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Figure 1: Horizontal, Left-to-Right Figure 2: Horizontal, Right-to-Left

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Result:
Thus the program to develop an application in java using Grid APIs was successfully executed.

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22 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Applications:
Used for defining a application programme interface for common distributes computing functionality

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1) Describe the two most important advantages of using Distributed/Grid Computing.
2) What is the main function of DNS?
3) Briefly outline two applications of Public Key systems.

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4) Provide one major difference between synchronous and asynchronous communication.
5) Provide one major difference between ASCII and Unicode encodings.
6) Provide two major differences between sequential computing and parallel computing.
7) Write the any three Grid Applications.
8) Give the examples of Hardware service provider.

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9) Give the example of software application ASP.
10) What are grid portals? Give example.
11) What are the high level services including in existing globus tool kit?
12) Name the components available in Nimrod architecture?
13) What are the major objectives of Euro grid project?

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14) What is the application specific work packages identified for the Euro grid?
15) Define dynamic accounting system.

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Viva-voce


23 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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EX.NO. 05: DEVELOP SECURED APPLICATIONS USING BASIC
SECURITY MECHANISMS AVAILABLE IN GLOBUS TOOLKIT.
Aim:
To develop a secured applications using a basic security mechanisms available in Globus toolkit

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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The Globus Toolkit incorporates multiple security components that establish the identity of users or services
(authentication), protect communications, and determine who is allowed to perform what actions (authorization), as
well as manage user credentials.
? GSI C: The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and
certificate management.

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? MyProxy: MyProxy is open source software for managing X.509 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) security
credentials (certificates and private keys).
? GSI-OpenSSH: GSI-OpenSSH is a modified version of OpenSSH that adds support for X.509 proxy
certificate authentication and delegation, providing a single sign-on remote login and file transfer service.
The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and certificate

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management. The authentication API is built using Public KeyInfrastructure (PKI) technologies, e.g. X.509
Certificates and TLS. In addition to authentication it features a delegation mechanism based upon X.509 Proxy
Certificates. Authorization support takes the form of a couple of APIs. The first provides a generic authorization API
that allows callouts to perform access control based on the client's credentials (i.e. the X.509 certificate chain). The
second provides a simple access control list that maps authorized remote entities to local (system) user names. The

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second mechanism also provides callouts that allow third parties to override the default behavior and is currently
used in the Gatekeeper and GridFTP servers. In addition to the above there are various lower level APIs and tools
for managing, discovering and querying certificates.
Components for Grid Security
1. Basic Security Mechanisms

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2. Components for Credential Generation
3. Components for Credential Management


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Beyond verifying the identities of users and services, basic Grid security mechanisms leave access control decisions
to services. The Grid community has developed authorization and access control tools for storing and providing
access to system-wide authorization information and for creating a central data store for supporting decentralized
control mechanisms.

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Basic Security Mechanisms
? Pre-Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A non-Web services implementation of the Grid
Security Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI
mechanisms
? Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A Web services implementation of the Grid Security

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Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI mechanisms

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Result:
Thus the program to develop a security application available in Globus toolkit was successfully executed.
Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a secured applications using a basic security
mechanisms available in Globus toolkit

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25 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Applications:
To provide easy acces to best breed open source network security

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1. What are the collective services available in grid computing?
2. What are the basic principles of autonomous computing?
3. What are the four essential characteristics of on demand business?

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4. What are the essential capabilities provided by on demand business?
5. What are the two most important technologies for building semantic webs?
6. Define Peer to Peer computing?
7. What is the combination of Globus GT3 toolkit?
8. What is a GT3 core?

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9. What are the components available in service model?
10. Define WS-Trust
11. Define WS ?Federation
12. Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
13. Who are the actors in CDC?

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14. Mention the scenarios in CDC?
15. What are the functional requirements of CDC on OGSA?

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Viva-voce


26 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 06: DEVELOP A GRID PORTAL, WHERE USER CAN SUBMIT
A JOB AND GET THE RESULT, IMPLEMENT IT WITH AND WITHOUT
GRAM CONCEPT.
Aim:

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To develop a Grid portal and implement it with and without GRAM concept
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
Multiple times that the likely user interface to grid applications will be through portals, specifically Web portals. A grid
portal may be constructed as a Web page interface to provide easy access to grid applications. The Web user
interface provides user authentication, job submission, job monitoring, and results of the job.

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Globus Resource Allocation Manager (GRAM)
When a job is submitted by a client, the request is sent to the remote host and handled by a gatekeeper daemon.
The gatekeeper creates a job manager to start and monitor the job. When the job is finished, the job manager
sends the status information back to the client and terminates.
The GRAM subsystem consists of the following elements:

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? The globusrun command and associated APIs Resource Specification Language (RSL)
? The gatekeeper daemon The job manager Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator (DUROC)
Each of these elements are described briefly below.
The globusrun command
The globusrun command (or its equivalent API) submits a job to a resource within the grid. This command

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is typically passed an RSL string (see below) that specifies parameters and other properties required to successfully
launch and run the job


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Resource Specification Language (RSL)
RSL is a language used by clients to specify the job to be run. All job submission requests are described in an RSL
string that includes information such as the executable file; its parameters; information about redirection of stdin,
stdout, and stderr; and so on. Basically it provides a standard way of specifying all of the information required to

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execute a job, independent of the target environment. It is then the responsibility of the job manager on the target
system to parse the information and launch the job in the appropriate way.
The syntax of RSL is very straightforward. Each statement is enclosed within parenthesis. Comments are
designated with parenthesis and asterisks, for example, (* this is a comment *). Supported attributes include the
following:

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rsl_substitution: Defines variables
executable: The script or command to be run
arguments: Information or flags to be passed to the executable
stdin: Specifies the remote URL and local file used for the executable stdout: Specifies the remote file to place
standard output from the job stderr: Specifies the remote file to place standard error from the job queue: Specifies the

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queue to submit the job (requires a scheduler) count: Specifies the number of executions
directory: Specifies the directory to run the job
project: Specifies a project account for the job (requires a scheduler) dryRun: Verifies the RSL string but
does not run the job
maxMemory: Specifies the maximum amount of memory in MBs required for the job

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minMemory: Specifies the minimum amount of memory in MBs required for the job
hostCount: Specifies the number of nodes in a cluster required for the job environment: Specifies environment
variables that are required for the job
jobType: Specifies the type of job single process, multi-process, mpi, or condor
maxTime: Specifies the maximum execution wall or cpu time for one execution

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maxWallTime: Specifies the maximum walltime for one execution maxCpuTime: Specifies the maximum
cpu time for one execution
gramMyjob: Specifies the whether the gram myjob interface starts one process/thread (independent) or more
(collective)

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Result:
Thus the program to develop Grid Portal was successfully executed.

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29 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid portal and implement it with and
without GRAM concept
Application:

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? It is useful and necessary for interfaces for the performance of operations on the Grid. The Grid
Portal Development Kit (GPDK) facilitates the development of Grid portals and provides several key
reusable components for accessing various Grid services.
? A Grid Portal provides a customizable interface allowing scientists to perform a variety of Grid
operations including remote program submission, file staging, and querying of information services

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from a single, secure gateway.
? The Grid Portal Development Kit leverages off existing Globus/Grid middleware infrastructure as
well as commodity web technology including Java Server Pages and servlets .

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1) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?
2) What are the major goals of OGSA?
3) What are the more specific goals of OGSA?
4) What are the main purposes of use case defined by OGSA?

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5) Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
6) What are the layers available in OGSA architectural organizations?
7) What are the OGSA basic services?
8) What are the two aspects involved in GRAM?
9) What are the two kinds of lifecycle model associated with state data recovery?

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10) What is a GT3 core?
11) What are the major components of default server side framework?
12) What is Grid container?
13) What are the two levels of security available in GT3?
14) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?

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15) What are the two different message-level authentication mechanisms provided by GT3 framework?
16) What are the most common GT3 security handlers?
Viva-voce

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30 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

INTRODUCTION TO CLOUD COMPUTING

What is cloud computing?

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Cloud computing means that instead of all the computer hardware and software you're using sitting on your
desktop, or somewhere inside your company's network, it's provided for you as a service by another company and
accessed over the Internet, usually in a completely seamless way. Exactly where the hardware and software is
located and how it all works doesn't matter to you, the user?it's just somewhere up in the nebulous "cloud" that the
Internet represents.

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Cloud computing is a buzzword that means different things to different people. For some, it's just another way of
describing IT (information technology) "outsourcing"; others use it to mean any computing service provided over the
Internet or a similar network; and some define it as any bought-in computer service you use that sits outside your
firewall.
Types of cloud computing

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IT people talk about three different kinds of cloud computing, where different services are being provided for you.
Note that there's a certain amount of vagueness about how these things are defined and some overlap between
them.
? Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) means you're buying access to raw computing hardware over the Net,
such as servers or storage. Since you buy what you need and pay-as-you-go, this is often referred to as

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utility computing. Ordinary web hosting is a simple example of IaaS: you pay a monthly subscription or a
per-megabyte/gigabyte fee to have a hosting company serve up files for your website from their servers.
? Software as a Service (SaaS) means you use a complete application running on someone else's system.
Web-based email and Google Documents are perhaps the best-known examples. Zoho is another well-
known SaaS provider offering a variety of office applications online.

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? Platform as a Service (PaaS) means you develop applications using Web-based tools so they run on
systems software and hardware provided by another company. So, for example, you might develop your
own ecommerce website but have the whole thing, including the shopping cart, checkout, and payment
mechanism running on a merchant's server. App Cloud (from salesforce.com) and the Google App Engine
are examples of PaaS.

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Advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing
Advantages
The pros of cloud computing are obvious and compelling. If your business is selling books or repairing shoes,
why get involved in the nitty gritty of buying and maintaining a complex computer system? If you run an insurance
office, do you really want your sales agents wasting time running anti-virus software, upgrading word-processors, or

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worrying about hard-drive crashes? Do you really want them cluttering your expensive computers with their personal


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emails, illegally shared MP3 files, and naughty YouTube videos?when you could leave that responsibility to
someone else? Cloud computing allows you to buy in only the services you want, when you want them, cutting the
upfront capital costs of computers and peripherals. You avoid equipment going out of date and other familiar IT
problems like ensuring system security and reliability. You can add extra services (or take them away) at a moment's
notice as your business needs change. It's really quick and easy to add new applications or services to your

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business without waiting weeks or months for the new computer (and its software) to arrive.
Drawbacks
Instant convenience comes at a price. Instead of purchasing computers and software, cloud computing means you
buy services, so one-off, upfront capital costs become ongoing operating costs instead. That might work out much
more expensive in the long-term.

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If you're using software as a service (for example, writing a report using an online word processor or sending emails
through webmail), you need a reliable, high-speed, broadband Internet connection functioning the whole time you're
working. That's something we take for granted in countries such as the United States, but it's much more of an issue
in developing countries or rural areas where broadband is unavailable.
An Introduction to Cloud Computing with OpenNebula

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An OpenNebula Private Cloud provides infrastructure users with an elastic platform for fast delivery and scalability of
services to meet dynamic demands of service end-users. Services are hosted in VMs, and then submitted,
monitored and controlled in the Cloud by using Sunstone or any of the OpenNebula interfaces:
? Command Line Interface (CLI)
? XML-RPC API

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? OpenNebulaRuby and Java Cloud APIs
The aim of a Private Cloud is not to expose to the world a cloud interface to sell capacity over the Internet, but to
provide local cloud users and administrators with a flexible and agile private infrastructure to run virtualized service
workloads within the administrative domain. OpenNebula virtual infrastructure interfaces expose user and
administrator functionality for virtualization, networking, image and physical resource configuration, management,

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monitoring and accounting.

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Expt.No.1: FIND PROCEDURE TO RUN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE OF
DIFFERENT CONFIGURATION. CHECK HOW MANY VIRTUAL
MACHINES CAN BE UTILIZED AT PARTICULAR TIME.

Aim:

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To Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be
utilized at particular time
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

Creating Virtual Machines
In OpenNebula the Virtual Machines are defined with Template files. The Template Repository system allows

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OpenNebula administrators and users to register Virtual Machine definitions in the system, to be instantiated later as
Virtual Machine instances. These Templates can be instantiated several times, and also shared with other users.
Virtual Machine Model
A Virtual Machine within the OpenNebula system consists of:
? A capacity in terms memory and CPU

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? A set of NICs attached to one or more virtual networks
? A set of disk images
? A state file (optional) or recovery file, that contains the memory image of a running VM plus some hypervisor
specific information.
The above items, plus some additional VM attributes like the OS kernel and context information to be used inside the

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VM, are specified in a template file.
Defining a VM in 3 Steps
Virtual Machines are defined in an OpenNebula Template. Templates are stored in a repository to easily browse and
instantiate VMs from them. To create a new Template you have to define 3 things

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? Capacity & Name, how big will the VM be?
Attribute Description Mandatory Default

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NAME Name that the VM will get for description purposes. Yes one-
MEMORY Amount of RAM required for the VM, in Megabytes. Yes
CPU CPU ratio (e..g half a physical CPU is 0.5). Yes
VCPU Number of virtual cpus. No 1
Disks. Each disk is defined with a DISK attribute. A VM can use three types of disk:

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? Use a persistent Image changes to the disk image will persist after the VM is shutdown.
? Use a non-persistent Image images are cloned, changes to the image will be lost.
? Volatile disks are created on the fly on the target host. After the VM is shutdown the disk is disposed.

Persistent and Clone Disks

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Attribute Description Mandatory Default
IMAGE_ID and IMAGE The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes
IMAGE_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No self
IMAGE_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No self
Volatile

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Attribute Description Mandatory Default
TYPE
Type of the disk: swap, fs. swap type will set the label to swap so it is
easier to mount and the context packages will automatically mount it.
Yes

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SIZE size in MB Yes
FORMAT
filesystem for fs images: ext2, ext3, etc. raw will not format the image. For
VMs to run on vmfs or vmwareshared configurations, the valid values are:
Yes

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Attribute Description Mandatory Default

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vmdk_thin, vmdk_zeroedthick, vmdk_eagerzeroedthick

Network Interfaces. Each network interface of a VM is defined with the NIC attribute.
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
NETWORK_ID and NETWORK The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes

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NETWORK_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No Self
NETWORK_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No Self

The following example shows a VM Template file with a couple of disks and a network interface, also a VNC section
was added.

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NAME = test-vm
MEMORY = 128
CPU = 1

DISK = [ IMAGE = "Arch Linux" ]

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DISK = [ TYPE = swap,
SIZE = 1024 ]

NIC = [ NETWORK = "Public", NETWORK_UNAME="oneadmin" ]

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GRAPHICS = [
TYPE = "vnc",
LISTEN = "0.0.0.0"]
Simple templates can be also created using the command line instead of creating a template file. The parameters to
do this for onetemplate are:

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Parameter

Description
--namename Name for the VM

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--cpucpu CPU percentage reserved for the VM (1=100% one CPU)


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Parameter

Description
--vcpuvcpu Number of virtualized CPUs

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--archarch Architecture of the VM, e.g.: i386 or x86_64
--memorymemory Memory ammount given to the VM
--diskdisk0,disk1 Disks to attach. To use a disk owned by other user use user[disk]
--nicvnet0,vnet1 Networks to attach. To use a network owned by other user use user[network]
--rawstring

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Raw string to add to the template. Not to be confused with the RAW attribute. If you want
to provide more than one element, just include an enter inside quotes, instead of using
more than one -raw option
--vnc Add VNC server to the VM
--ssh[file]

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Add an ssh public key to the context. If the file is omited then the user variable
SSH_PUBLIC_KEY will be used.
--net_context Add network contextualization parameters
--contextline1,line2 * Lines to add to the context section
--bootdevice Select boot device (hd, fd, cdrom or network)

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A similar template as the previous example can be created with the following command:
$ onetemplate create --name test-vm --memory 128 --cpu 1 --disk "Arch Linux" --nic Public
Managing Virtual Machines
Assuming we have a VM Template registered called vm-example with ID 6, then we can instantiate the VM issuing
a:

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$ onetemplate list

ID USER GROUP NAME REGTIME
6 oneadminoneadminvm_example 09/28 06:44:07

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$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm


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VM ID: 0
If the template has USER INPUTSdefined the CLI will prompt the user for these values:
$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm

There are some parameters that require user input.

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* (BLOG_TITLE) Blog Title:
* (DB_PASSWORD) Database Password:
VM ID: 0
Afterwards, the VM can be listed with the onevmlist command. You can also use the onevmtop command to list VMs

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continuously.
$ onevm list

ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME
0 oneadminoneadminmy_vm pend 0 0K 00 00:00:03

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After a Scheduling cycle, the VM will be automatically deployed. But the deployment can also be forced by oneadmin
using onevmdeploy:
$ onehost list

ID NAME RVM TCPU FCPU ACPU TMEM FMEM AMEM STAT

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2 testbed 0 800 800 800 16G 16G16G on
$ onevm deploy 0 2

$ onevm list

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ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME
0 oneadminoneadminmy_vmrunn 0 0K testbed 00 00:02:40

$ onevm show 0
VIRTUAL MACHINE 0 INFORMATION

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ID :0
NAME : my_vm
USER : oneadmin
GROUP : oneadmin

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37 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

STATE : ACTIVE
LCM_STATE : RUNNING

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START TIME : 04/14 09:00:24
END TIME : -
DEPLOY ID: : one-0
PERMISSIONS
OWNER : um-

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GROUP : ---
OTHER : ---
VIRTUAL MACHINE MONITORING
NET_TX : 13.05
NET_RX : 0

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USED MEMORY : 512
USED CPU : 0
VIRTUAL MACHINE TEMPLATE
VIRTUAL MACHINE HISTORY

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SEQ HOSTNAME REASON START TIME PTIME

0 testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00
testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00

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38 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:

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Thus the program to run virtual machines on different configuration was successfully executed & its utilization time is
checked in various machines.


39 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find procedure to run the virtual machine of different

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Configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
Applications:
? An advantage of virtualizing the workload?s I/O path enables hardware independence by
abstracting vendor specific drivers to more generalized versions that run on the hypervisor.
? It allows the live migration, which is one of virtualization?s greatest availability strengths

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? The sharing of aggregate resources, such as network paths



1. What is cloud computing?

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2. What are the benefits of cloud computing?
3. What are the different data types used in cloud computing?
4. What are the different layers in cloud computing?
5. What do you mean by software as a service?
6. What is on-demand functionality? How is it provided in cloud computing?

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7. What are the platforms used for large scale cloud computing?
8. What are the different models for deployment in cloud computing?
9. What is the difference between cloud computing and mobile computing?
10. What are the open source cloud computing platform databases?
11. What is the difference between cloud and traditional datacenters?

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12. Why API's is used in cloud services?
13. What are the different datacenters in cloud computing?
14. Define API in data virtualization?
15. List of API in cloud?
Viva-voce

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40 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No.02: FIND PROCEDURE TO ATTACH VIRTUAL BLOCK TO

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THE VIRTUAL MACHINE AND CHECK WHETHER IT HOLDS THE
DATA EVEN AFTER THE RELEASE OF THE VIRTUAL MACHINE.
Aim:
To find a procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even after the
release of the virtual machine

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos

Procedure:
VirtualBox uses a special kernel module called vboxdrv to perform physical memory allocation and to gain control of
the processor for guest system execution. Without this kernel module, you can still use the VirtualBox manager to

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configure virtual machines, but they will not start. In addition, there are the network kernel modules vboxnetflt and
vboxnetadp which are required for the more advanced networking features of VirtualBox.
The VirtualBox kernel module is automatically installed on your system when you install VirtualBox. To
maintain it with future kernel updates, for those Linux distributions which provide it -- most current ones -- we
recommend installing Dynamic Kernel Module Support (DKMS). This framework helps with building and upgrading

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kernel modules.
If DKMS is not already installed, execute one of the following:
On an Ubuntu system:
sudo apt-get install dkms
If DKMS is available and installed, the VirtualBox kernel module should always work automatically, and it will be

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automatically rebuilt if your host kernel is updated.
Otherwise, there are only two situations in which you will need to worry about the kernel module:
1. The original installation fails. This probably means that your Linux system is not prepared for building
external kernel modules.

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41 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Most Linux distributions can be set up simply by installing the right packages - normally, these will be the
GNU compiler (GCC), GNU Make (make) and packages containing header files for your kernel - and making

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sure that all system updates are installed and that the system is running the most up-to-date kernel included
in the distribution. The version numbers of the header file packages must be the same as that of the kernel
you are using.
? With Debian and Ubuntu releases, you must install the right version of the linux-headers and if it exists
the linux-kbuild package. Current Ubuntu releases should have the right packages installed by default.

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? In even older Debian and Ubuntu releases, you must install the right version of the kernel-headers
package.
? On Fedora and Redhat systems, the package is kernel-devel.
? On SUSE and openSUSE Linux, you must install the right versions of the kernel-source and kernel-syms
packages.

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? If you have built your own kernel, you will need to make sure that you also installed all the required
header and other files for building external modules to the right locations. The details of how to do
this will depend on how you built your kernel, and if you are unsure you should consult the
documentation which you followed to do so.
2. The kernel of your Linux host was updated and DKMS is not installed. In that case, the kernel module will

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need to be reinstalled by executing (as root):
rcvboxdrv setup
Performing the installation
VirtualBox is available in a number of package formats native to various common Linux distributions. In addition,
there is an alternative generic installer (.run) which should work on most Linux distributions.

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Installing VirtualBox from a Debian/Ubuntu package
First, download the appropriate package for your distribution. The following examples assume that you are installing
to a 32-bit Ubuntu Wily system. Use dpkg to install the Debian package:
sudodpkg -i virtualbox-5.0_5.0.20_Ubuntu_wily_i386.deb
The installer will also try to build kernel modules suitable for the current running kernel. If the build process is not

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successful you will be shown a warning and the package will be left unconfigured. Please have a look at /var/log/vbox-
install.log to find out why the compilation failed. You may have to install the appropriate Linux kernel After correcting
any problems, do

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42 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

sudorcvboxdrv setup
This will start a second attempt to build the module.
If a suitable kernel module was found in the package or the module was successfully built, the installation script will

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attempt to load that module.
Once VirtualBox has been successfully installed and configured, you can start it by selecting "VirtualBox" in your
start menu or from the command line.
Using the alternative installer (VirtualBox.run)
The alternative installer performs the following steps:

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? It unpacks the application files to the target directory,
/opt/VirtualBox/
which cannot be changed.
? It builds the VirtualBox kernel modules (vboxdrv, vboxnetflt and vboxnetadp) and installs them.
? It creates /sbin/rcvboxdrv, an init script to start the VirtualBox kernel module.

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? It creates a new system group called vboxusers.
? It creates symbolic links in /usr/bin to the a shell script (/opt/VirtualBox/VBox) which does some sanity checks
and dispatches to the actual executables, VirtualBox, VBoxSDL, VBoxVRDP, VBoxHeadless and VBoxManage
? It creates /etc/udev/rules.d/60-vboxdrv.rules, a description file for udev, if that is present, which makes the USB
devices accessible to all users in the vboxusers group.

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? It writes the installation directory to /etc/vbox/vbox.cfg.
The installer must be executed as root with either install or uninstall as the first parameter.
sudo ./VirtualBox.run install
Or if you do not have the "sudo" command available, run the following as root instead:
./VirtualBox.run install

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43 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

After that you need to put every user which should be able to access USB devices from VirtualBox guests in the

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group vboxusers, either through the GUI user management tools or by running the following command as root:
sudousermod -a -G vboxusers username
Performing a manual installation
If, for any reason, you cannot use the shell script installer described previously, you can also perform a manual
installation. Invoke the installer like this:

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./VirtualBox.run --keep --noexec
This will unpack all the files needed for installation in the directory install under the current directory. The VirtualBox
application files are contained in VirtualBox.tar.bz2 which you can unpack to any directory on your system. For
example:
sudomkdir /opt/VirtualBox

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sudo tar jxf ./install/VirtualBox.tar.bz2 -C /opt/VirtualBox
or as root:
mkdir /opt/VirtualBox
tarjxf ./install/VirtualBox.tar.bz2 -C /opt/VirtualBox
The sources for VirtualBox's kernel module are provided in the src directory. To build the module, change to the

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directory and issuemake
If everything builds correctly, issue the following command to install the module to the appropriate module directory:
sudo make install
In case you do not have sudo, switch the user account to root and performmake install
The VirtualBox kernel module needs a device node to operate. The above make command will tell you how to create

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the device node, depending on your Linux system. The procedure is slightly different for a classical Linux setup with
a /dev directory, a system with the now deprecated devfs and a modern Linux system with udev.
Note that the /dev/vboxdrv kernel module device node must be owned by root:root and must be read/writable only for
the user.Next, you will have to install the system initialization script for the kernel module:
cp /opt/VirtualBox/vboxdrv.sh /sbin/rcvboxdrv

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mkdir /etc/vbox
echo INSTALL_DIR=/opt/VirtualBox> /etc/vbox/vbox.cfg


44 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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and, for convenience, create the following symbolic links:
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VirtualBox
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxManage
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxHeadless

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ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxSDL

Sample Output:

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Result:
Thus the program to attach virtual block to virtual machine was successfully executed & checked whether it holds the

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data after the release of the virtual machine.


45 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find a procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual
machine and check whether it holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine

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Application:
? To support the Cloud Computing with the Virtual Block Store System. The fast development of cloud
computing systems stimulates the needs for a standalone block storage system to provide persistent
block storage services to virtual machines maintained by clouds.

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1. What is Type-1 and Type-2 hypervisor?
2. What is the use of virsh command?
3. Explain how you can transfer volume from one owner to another in Open Stack?

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4. Discuss about KVM Features?
5. What is Virtual block?
6. What is Virtualization?
7. What are virtual clusters?
8. How virtualization happens in data center?

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9. List some of the open source grid middleware packages.
10. What is a programming model?
11. What is Hadoop?
12. What are map and reduce functions?
13. How to run a job in hadoop?

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14. What is HDFS?
15. What are the open source grid middleware packages?
16. What is peer to peer computing?
17. What are node clusters?
18. How virtual migration happens in data center?

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Viva-voce


46 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No.03: INSTALL A C COMPILER IN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE AND
EXECUTE A SAMPLE PROGRAM.
Aim:
To Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Create a VM and Install any OS on it.

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2.Install a C compiler on OS
3.Open a Editor and type the sample program and Save.
4.Compile and run the Program
Example:
C programming on Linux based Environement

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1. Open Terminal (Applications-Accessories-Terminal)
2. Open gedit by typing ?gedit&? on terminal(You can also use any other Text Editor application)
3. Type the following on gedit
(or any other text editor)

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#include
main()
{
printf("Hello World\n");
}

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Save this file as
?helloworld. C?
5. Type ?ls? on Terminal to see all files under current folder
6. Confirm that ?helloworld.c? is in the current directory.
If not, type cd DIRECTORY_PATH to go to the

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directory that has ?helloworld.c?
7. Type ?gcchelloworld.c? to compile, and type ?ls? to
confirm that a new executable file ?a.out? is created
8. Type ?./a.out? on Terminal to run the program

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47 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to install a C complier is done and the sample program was executed successfully.

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48 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and
execute a sample program
Application:
The application of installing a C compiler in the virtual machine benefits to have a portable executable, for

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each platform.

1. What is the difference between Xen & KVM ?
2. What are different hypervisors available in Linux ?
3. Which command is used to list all virtual machine running on the KVM hypervisor ?

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4. What are the different states of a VM in Xen hypervisor ?
5. How to forcefully shutdown the KVM based virtual machine from the command line ?
6. What is virtual Machine?
7. What is Compiler?
8. What is Directory?

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9. List the C Compilers available?
10. What is virtualization?
11. List out VM operations
12. What are different hypervisors available in windows?
13. How to implement applications on the cloud to install C compiler?

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14. What are grid and cloud tools available?
15. What is hypervisor?
Viva-voce

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49 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No.04: SHOW THE VIRTUAL MACHINE MIGRATION BASED ON
THE CERTAIN CONDITION FROM ONE NODE TO THE OTHER.

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Aim:
To Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other

Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

Procedure:
1.Update source and target virtual machines to latest package versions

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To help ensure that platform images between cloud providers are running the same version of key operating system
packages, update these packages to the latest versions on both source and target virtual machines.
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
2. Install rsync and screen packages on source and target virtual machines

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The migration of application packages and files in this process will use rsync over ssh between source and target
virtual machines. The actual transfer of files between virtual machines can take some time, so I also recommend
using screen so that you can easily re-attach to an in-progress migration session if you are inadvertently
disconnected.
Ensure that rsync and screen packages are installed on both the source and target virtual machines with these

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commands:
sudo apt-get install rsync
sudo apt-get install screen
3. Add a consistent user account to both source and target virtual machines
To facilitate the migration process, ensure that you have a consistent user account configured on both source and

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target virtual machines with sudo enabled. The newly provisioned target virtual machines from Task 3 already


50 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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include a user named azureuser with sudo enabled. To configure this same user on each source virtual machine,
use the following commands:
sudogroupadd -g 500 azureuser
sudouseradd -u 500 -g 500 -m -s /bin/bash azureuser
sudopasswdazureuser

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4. Start a screen session for the migration
On the source virtual machine, enter a new screen session for the migration by using the following command:
sudo screen -S AzureMigration
If you are disconnected from the source virtual machine during the migration process, you can reconnect to the
detached screen session by using the following command after signing in again to the source virtual machine:

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sudo screen -r
5. Build an exclusion list of directories and files
During the migration, we want to be careful to skip any files that include configuration information relating to the
identity of the source virtual machines, such as IP addresses, hostnames, ssh keys, etc. For the Ubuntu-based
virtual machines that we migrated, we used the following commands on each source virtual machine to build our

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list of directories and files to exclude from the migration process:
EXCLUDEFILE=/tmp/exclude.file
EXCLUDELIST='/boot /etc/fstab /etc/hostname /etc/issue /etc/hosts
/etc/sudoers /etc/networks /etc/network/* /etc/resolv.conf
/etc/ssh/* /etc/sysctl.conf /etc/mtab /etc/udev/rules.d/*

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/lock /net /tmp'
EXCLUDEPATH=$(echo $EXCLUDELIST | sed 's/\ /\\n/g')
echo -e $EXCLUDEPATH > $EXCLUDEFILE
find / -name '*cloud-init*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE
find / -name '*cloud-config*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE

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find / -name '*cloud-final*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE


51 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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The actual list of directories and files that you exclude may vary from this list, based on the Linux distro version,
packages and applications that you are migrating.
Credits: Kudos to Kevin Carter who wrote a great article a couple years ago that provided a useful starting point for
building a list of directories and files to consider excluding as part of a Linux-to-Linux migration process!
6. Stop applications during migration

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To minimize application data changes from occurring during the migration process, stop the related applications and
daemons on the source virtual machines. The application that we migrated was a web application built using
Apache2, so we simply stopped the related Apache2 daemon.
sudo service stop apache2
7. Migrate the application files and data

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From each source virtual machine, migrate application files and data using two rsync passes over ssh. The first
pass performs the bulk of the data transfer, whereas the second pass uses checksums to confirm that all files were
transferred successfully.
TARGETVM="insert_target_vm_public_ip_address"
rsync -e "ssh" -rlpEAXogDtSzh -P -x ?exclude-from="$EXCLUDEFILE" ?rsync-path="sudorsync" ?

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verbose ?progress / azureuser@$TARGETVM:/
rsync -e "ssh" -crlpEAXogDtSzh -P -x ?exclude-from="$EXCLUDEFILE" ?rsync-path="sudorsync" ?
verbose ?progress / azureuser@$TARGETVM:/
8. Restart each target virtual machine
After both rsync passes have completed, restart each target virtual machine to complete the migration

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process.
sshazureuser@$TARGETVM
shutdown -r now

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52 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:

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Thus the program to implement migration of virtual machine was executed successfully.


53 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to Show the virtual machine migration based on the
certain condition from one node to the other

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Application:
? Its easier to migrate a Virtual Machine from one server to another, than migrating the operating
system and application(s) individually.
? Using Virtual Machine Migration, its possible to migrate operating systems and applications from
older servers to newer servers easily and without disrupting the services.

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1. What are the basic requirements of VM live migration in KVM?
2. Which command is used in KVM for VMs live migration?
3. How to get hardware information of KVM guest machine?
4. What is VM migration?

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5. Which type of virtualization is also characteristic of cloud computing ?
6. Which virtualization standard does the WebSphere Application Server Hypervisor Edition use?
7.Which three tools are included in the IBM Rational Jazz Collaborative Application Lifecycle
Management (C/ALM) solution?
8. What are two ways a public cloud helps customers reduce their IT costs?

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9.What functionality is provided by the IBM Security Network Intrusion Prevention System Virtual
Appliance for a cloud environment?
10. What are two important benefits of using cloud computing?
11. What is the value of IBM Security Information and Event Manager in a cloud provider environment?
12. What is the main purpose of an IBM CloudBurst solution?

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Viva-voce


54 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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EX.NO.5: PROCEDURE TO INSTALL STORAGE CONTROLLER AND
INTERACT WITH IT.
Aim:
Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:

To install Storage Control, follow these steps.
Ensure that Systems Director 6.3 is installed and running.

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Ensure that you are logged in to Systems Director with a user ID that has administrative privileges.
Windows only: Restart the DB2 Management server.
a) Go to Start >Administrative Tools >Services.
b) Select DB2 Management Service from the services window and restart it.
If you want to download and install Storage Control, go to step 5. If you want to install Storage Control from read-

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only media, such as a CD or mounted .iso image, go to step 8.
From the Systems Director summary page, click the link Try Storage Control in the upper right corner.
A download page opens. Download the appropriate file for your operating system.
7.Extract the files to the directory where you want to install Storage Control, then go to step 9.
8. Copy the Storage Control installer directory from the CD or the mounted .iso image into a temporary directory

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close to the system root. For example, /SCInstall for AIX or Linux and C:\SCInstall for Windows.
9. Access a command window and navigate to the directory where you extracted the files or where you copied
the installer directory. Run the appropriate script. If you do not want the license agreement to display, use the -
ioption when you run the script. For example, StorageControlInstall.sh -i.
Important: If you are not using IBM DB2 managed by Systems Director, then

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the DB2 user ID used must have DB2 Administrator privileges.
On Microsoft Windows systems, run the script StorageControlInstall.bat.


55 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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On Linux and AIX systems, run the script StorageControlInstall.sh.
10. Restart Systems Director as directed.

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Result:
Thus the program to install storage controller was executed successfully.

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56 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find procedure to install storage controller and
interact with it
Application:
A controller offers a level of abstraction between an operating system and the physical drives. A RAID

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controller presents groups to applications and operating systems as logical units for which data protection
schemes can be defined.

1. What is a snapshot?
2. What is Thick Provision Lazy Zeroed?

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3. What is Thick Provision Eager Zeroed?
4. What is Thin Provision?
5. What is VDI?
6. What is storage vMotion?
7. How many virtual CPUs can I use on a Fault Tolerant virtual machine?

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8. What is the use of vmware tools?
9. What happens if vCenter Server is offline when a failover event occurs?
10. What are the monitoring methods used for vSphere HA?
11. What are the roles of a master host in vSphere HA?
12. What is the hardware version used in VMware ESXi 5.5?

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13. What is server virtualization?
14. What is Network Virtualization?
15. What is template?
Viva-Voce

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57 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


EX.NO.6: PROCEDURE TO SET UP ONE HADOOP CLUSTER

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Aim:
To Find a procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
Follow the steps given below to have Hadoop Multi-Node cluster setup.
Installing Java

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Java is the main prerequisite for Hadoop. First of all, you should verify the existence of java in your system using
?java -version?. The syntax of java version command is given below.
$ java-version
If everything works fine it will give you the following output.
java version "1.7.0_71"

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Java(TM) SE RuntimeEnvironment(build 1.7.0_71-b13)
JavaHotSpot(TM)Client VM (build 25.0-b02, mixed mode)
If java is not installed in your system, then follow the given steps for installing java.
1. Download java (JDK - X64.tar.gz) by visiting the following link
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk7-downloads-1880260.html

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Then jdk-7u71-linux-x64.tar.gz will be downloaded into your system.
2. Generally you will find the downloaded java file in Downloads folder. Verify it and extract the jdk-7u71-linux-
x64.gz file using the following commands.
$ cdDownloads/
$ ls

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jdk-7u71-Linux-x64.gz
$ tar zxf jdk-7u71-Linux-x64.gz
$ ls
jdk1.7.0_71 jdk-7u71-Linux-x64.gz

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58 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

3. To make java available to all the users, you have to move it to the location ?/usr/local/?. Open the root, and type
the following commands.

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$ su
password:
# mv jdk1.7.0_71 /usr/local/
# exit
4. For setting up PATH and JAVA_HOME variables, add the following commands to ~/.bashrc file.

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export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.7.0_71
export PATH=PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
Now verify the java -version command from the terminal as explained above. Follow the above process and install
java in all your cluster nodes.
Creating User Account

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Create a system user account on both master and slave systems to use the Hadoop installation.
# useraddhadoop
# passwdhadoop
Mapping the nodes
You have to edit hosts file in /etc/ folder on all nodes, specify the IP address of each system followed by their host

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names.
# vi /etc/hosts
enter the following lines in the /etc/hosts file.
192.168.1.109hadoop-master
192.168.1.145 hadoop-slave-1

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192.168.56.1 hadoop-slave-2
Configuring Key Based Login
Setup ssh in every node such that they can communicate with one another without any prompt for password.
# suhadoop
$ ssh-keygen-t rsa

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$ ssh-copy-id-i~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub tutorialspoint@hadoop-master
$ ssh-copy-id-i~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop_tp1@hadoop-slave-1
$ ssh-copy-id-i~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop_tp2@hadoop-slave-2
$ chmod0600~/.ssh/authorized_keys
$ exit

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Installing Hadoop
In the Master server, download and install Hadoop using the following commands.
# mkdir /opt/hadoop
# cd /opt/hadoop/
# wget http://apache.mesi.com.ar/hadoop/common/hadoop-1.2.1/hadoop-1.2.0.tar.gz

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# tar -xzf hadoop-1.2.0.tar.gz
# mv hadoop-1.2.0 hadoop


59 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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# chown -R hadoop /opt/hadoop
# cd /opt/hadoop/hadoop/
Configuring Hadoop
You have to configure Hadoop server by making the following changes as given below.

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core-site.xml

Open the core-site.xml file and edit it as shown below.

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fs.default.name
hdfs://hadoop-master:9000/


dfs.permissions

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false


hdfs-site.xml
Open the hdfs-site.xml file and edit it as shown below.

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dfs.data.dir
/opt/hadoop/hadoop/dfs/name/data
true

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dfs.name.dir
/opt/hadoop/hadoop/dfs/name

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true



dfs.replication

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1


mapred-site.xml
Open the mapred-site.xml file and edit it as shown below.

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60 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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mapred.job.tracker
hadoop-master:9001

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hadoop-env.sh
Open the hadoop-env.sh file and edit JAVA_HOME, HADOOP_CONF_DIR, and HADOOP_OPTS as shown below.
Note: Set the JAVA_HOME as per your system configuration.
export JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk1.7.0_17 export HADOOP_OPTS=-Djava.net.preferIPv4Stack=trueexport
HADOOP_CONF_DIR=/opt/hadoop/hadoop/conf

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Installing Hadoop on Slave Servers
Install Hadoop on all the slave servers by following the given commands.
# suhadoop
$ cd/opt/hadoop
$ scp-r hadoop hadoop-slave-1:/opt/hadoop

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$ scp-r hadoop hadoop-slave-2:/opt/hadoop
Configuring Hadoop on Master Server
Open the master server and configure it by following the given commands.
# suhadoop
$ cd/opt/hadoop/hadoop

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Configuring Master Node
$ vietc/hadoop/masters
hadoop-master
Configuring Slave Node
$ vietc/hadoop/slaves

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hadoop-slave-1
hadoop-slave-2
Format Name Node on Hadoop Master
# suhadoop
$ cd/opt/hadoop/hadoop

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$ bin/hadoopnamenode?format
11/10/1410:58:07 INFO namenode.NameNode:
STARTUP_MSG:/************************************************************
STARTUP_MSG: Starting NameNode
STARTUP_MSG: host = hadoop-master/192.168.1.109

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STARTUP_MSG: args = [-format]
STARTUP_MSG: version = 1.2.0
STARTUP_MSG: build = https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/hadoop/common/branches/branch-1.2 -r 1479473;
compiled by 'hortonfo' on Mon May 6 06:59:37 UTC 2013

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61 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

STARTUP_MSG: java = 1.7.0_71 ************************************************************/11/10/1410:58:08 INFO
util.GSet:Computing capacity for map BlocksMapeditlog=/opt/hadoop/hadoop/dfs/name/current/edits

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?.
?.
?.11/10/1410:58:08 INFO common.Storage:Storage directory
/opt/hadoop/hadoop/dfs/name has been successfully formatted.11/10/1410:58:08 INFO namenode.NameNode:
SHUTDOWN_MSG:/************************************************************ SHUTDOWN_MSG: Shutting down

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NameNode at hadoop-master/192.168.1.15 ************************************************************/
Starting Hadoop Services
The following command is to start all the Hadoop services on the Hadoop-Master.
$ cd $HADOOP_HOME/sbin
$ start-all.sh

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Adding a New DataNode in the Hadoop Cluster
Given below are the steps to be followed for adding new nodes to a Hadoop cluster.
Networking
Add new nodes to an existing Hadoop cluster with some appropriate network configuration. Assume the following
network configuration.

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For New node Configuration:
IP address :192.168.1.103
netmask:255.255.255.0
hostname : slave3.in
Adding User and SSH Access

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Add a User
On a new node, add "hadoop" user and set password of Hadoop user to "hadoop123" or anything you want by using
the following commands.
useraddhadoop
passwdhadoop

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Setup Password less connectivity from master to new slave.
Execute the following on the master
mkdir-p $HOME/.ssh
chmod700 $HOME/.ssh
ssh-keygen-t rsa-P ''-f $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa

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cat $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys
chmod644 $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys
Copy the public key to new slave node inhadoop user $HOME directory
scp $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop@192.168.1.103:/home/hadoop/
Execute the following on the slaves

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Login to hadoop. If not, login to hadoop user.
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice


0 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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College o f Engineering
?

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DEPARTMENT OF
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

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VII SEMESTER - R 2013

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Name : ______________________________________

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Reg. No. : ______________________________________
Section : ______________________________________
LABORATORY MANUAL

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1 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

DHANALAKSHMI

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is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and enterprising
professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and training.


? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry

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? To contribute to the promotion of Academic Excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart and
soul

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

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To strive for acquiring, applying and imparting knowledge in Computer Science and Engineering through quality
education and to provide enthusiastic professionals with commitment

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? To produce highly competent and globally employable engineers in the field of Computer Science and
Engineering
? To inculcate human values among the student community and make them realize their commitment to the society
? To exhibit excellence in pursuit of research and innovative products with a zeal to serve the society

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VISION
VISION
MISSION
MISSION

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2 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)

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1. Fundamentals
To provide students with a solid foundation in Mathematics, Science and fundamentals of engineering, enabling
them to apply, to find solutions for engineering problems and use this knowledge to acquire higher education
2. Core Competence
To train the students in Computer science and engineering technologies so that they apply their knowledge and

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training to compare, and to analyze various engineering industrial problems to find solutions
3. Breadth
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice this enables them to
find solutions for the real time problems in industry, and to design products
4. Professionalism

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To inculcate professional and effective communication skills, leadership qualities and team spirit in the students
to make them multi-faceted personalities and develop their ability to relate engineering issues to broader social
context
5. Lifelong Learning/Ethics
To demonstrate and practice ethical and professional responsibilities in the industry and society in the large,

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through commitment and lifelong learning needed for successful professional career



4

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PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)
a) To demonstrate and apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Electronics and Communication Engineering field

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b) To design a component, a system or a process to meet the specific needs within the realistic constraints
such as economics, environment, ethics, health, safety and manufacturability
c) To demonstrate the competency to use software tools for computation, simulation and testing of electronics and
communication engineering circuits
d) To identify, formulate and solve electronic and communication engineering problems

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e) To demonstrate an ability to visualize and work on laboratory and multidisciplinary tasks
f) To function as a member or a leader in multidisciplinary activities
g) To communicate in verbal and written form with fellow engineers and society at large
h) To understand the impact of Electronics and Communication Engineering in the society and demonstrate awareness
of contemporary issues and commitment to give solutions exhibiting social responsibility

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i) To demonstrate professional & ethical responsibilities
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To participate and succeed in competitive exams

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5 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

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SYLLABUS
Learn the working of ARM processor
Understand the Building Blocks of Embedded Systems
Learn the concept of memory map and memory interface

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Know the characteristics of Real Time Systems
Write programs to interface memory, I/Os with processor
Study the interrupt performance
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
GRID COMPUTING LAB

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Use Globus Toolkit or equivalent and do the following:
1. Develop a new Web Service for Calculator.
2. Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service.
3. Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service.
4. Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs

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5. Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus Toolkit.
6. Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it with and without
GRAM concept.

CLOUD COMPUTING LAB

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Use Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent to set up the cloud and demonstrate.
1. Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines
COURSE OBJECTIVES

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6 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

can be utilized at particular time.
2. Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even
after the release of the virtual machine.

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3. Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program.
4. Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other.
5. Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it.
6. Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster.
7. Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE.

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8. Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it.
9. Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits.
? Design and implement applications on the Grid.
? Design and Implement applications on the Cloud.
? Design network objects by applying the networking concepts.

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? Create virtualization concept.
? Design web based applications.
? Apply cloud tools for resource allocation.
? Apply grid tools for network translation.
? Design private cloud using open stack.

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COURSE OUTCOMES

7

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CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
CONTENTS
Sl. No. Name of the Experiment Page No.
CYCLE 1 ? EXPERIMENTS ( GRID COMPUTING)
1

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Develop a new Web Service for Calculator 7
2
Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service 16
3
Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service 19

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4
Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs 22
5
Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus
Toolkit

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25
6
Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it
with and without GRAM concept
27

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CYCLE 2 ? EXPERIMENTS (CLOUD COMPUTING)
1
Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how
many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
34

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2
Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it
holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
36
3 Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program 39

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4
Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to
the other
42
5 Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it 45

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6 Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster 47
7 Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE
ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS
1 Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it 52
2 Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks 55

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8 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO GRID COMPUTING

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GRID TECHNOLOGY

? Flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and
resource
? Grid architecture

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? Defined using services and protocols
? Using the ?sand hourglass? model similar to the TCP/IP protocol stack

"A computational grid is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides dependable, consistent, pervasive and
inexpensive access to high-end computational capabilities."

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Grid computing makes it possible to dynamically share and coordinate dispersed, heterogeneous computing
resources. Flexibility and ubiquity are essential characteristics of Web services technologies such as WSDL (Web
Services Description Language), SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), and UDDI (Universal Description,
Discovery, and Integration).
The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) combines technologies to unlock and exploit grid-attached resources.

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OGSA defines mechanisms to create, manage, and exchange information between Grid Services, a special type of
Web service. The architecture uses WSDL extensively to describe the structure and behavior of a service. Service
descriptions are located and discovered using Web Services Inspection Language (WSIL). By combining elements
from grid computing and Web services technologies, OGSA establishes an extensible and interoperable design and
development framework for Grid Services that includes details for service definition, discovery, and life-cycle

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management.


9 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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GLOBUS TOOLKIT

The Globus Toolkit provides software tools to make it easier to build computational grids and grid-based
applications. The Globus Toolkit is both an open architecture and open source toolkit.

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? The Globus Toolkit is a product of the Globus Alliance (http://www.globus.org)
? It is middleware for developing grids
? The current release is 6.0.
? Four key protocols and APIs

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? Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI)
? Grid Resource Allocation & Mgmt (GRAM)
? Grid Resource Information Protocol (GRIP) and Index Information Protocol (GIIP)
? Grid File Transfer Protocol (GridFTP)
? Implementations on many platforms

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? Resources, security systems, data models,
? Various collective layer protocols & tools
? Info services, replica management, etc.
? A basis for many Grid-enabled tools & apps
FTP, SSH, Condor, SRB, MPI, EDG, GridPort,

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GLOBUS TOOLKIT? COMPONENTS
? Security
? GSI ? Grid Security Infrastructure
? Resource Management
? GRAM ? Grid Resource Allocation Manager

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o globusrun
o RSL
o gatekeeper
o job manager
o DUROC ? Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator

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? Information Services
? MDS ? Monitoring and Discovery Service


10 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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o GRIS ? Grid Resource Information Service
o GIIS ? Grid Index Information Service
o MDS Client
? Data Management

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o GridFTP, GASS
The Globus Toolkit latest version 6.0 includes:
GSI: security
GridFTP: file transfer
GRAM: job execution/resource management

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MyProxy: credential repository/certificate authority
GSI-OpenSSH: GSI secure single sign-on remote shell


11 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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GLOBUS TOOLKIT INSTALLATION PROCEDURE
Step1: For installing Globus Toolkit nothing more easy than download the latest package:
http://toolkit.globus.org/ftppub/gt6/installers/repo/globus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
sudodpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb

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Step2: Update the repositories: sudo apt-get update
Step3: To install Debian or Ubuntu package, download the globus-toolkit-repo package
from the link above and install it with the command:
root@sysa63:/home/#dpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Do the following for Debian-based systems:

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root@sysa63:/home/#apt-get install globus-data-management-client

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12 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 01: DEVELOP A NEW WEB SERVICE FOR CALCULATOR

Aim:
Develop a Web Service for new Calculator
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Our first web service is an extremely simple Math Web Service, which we'll refer to asMathService. It will

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2. allow users to perform the following operations:
a. Addition
b. Subtraction
3. Furthermore, MathService will have the following resource properties (RPs for short):
a. Value (integer)

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b. Last operation performed (string)
4. We will also add a "Get Value" operation to access the Value RP. Once a new resource is created, the
"value" RP is initialized to zero, and the "last operation" RP is initialized to "NONE". The parameter is
added/subtracted to the "value" RP, and the "last operation" RP is changed to "ADDITION" or
"SUBTRACTION" accordingly. Also, the addition and subtraction operations don't return anything.

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5. Writing and deploying a WSRF Web Service is easier than you might think. You just have to follow five
simple steps.
6. Define the service's interface. This is done with WSDL
7. Implement the service. This is done with Java.
8. Define the deployment parameters. This is done with WSDD and JNDI

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9. Compile everything and generate a GAR file. This is done with Ant
10. Deploy service. This is also done with a GT4 tool

Sample Code:

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_instance"
xmlns ="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"
xmlns:tns="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/examples/core/MathService_instance"
xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsrp="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-
ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.xsd" xmlns:wsrpw="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-

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13 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.wsdl"

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xmlns:wsdlpp="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/2004/10/WSDLPreprocessor"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">

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Result:
Thus the program for developing web service for new calculator was successfully executed.

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14 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid by using Web Service for new Calculator
Applications:
To make a calculator in Windows application using web service

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1) What is Web Service?
2) What are the advantages of web services?
3) What are the different types of web services?
4) What is SOAP?
5) What are the advantages of SOAP web services?

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6) What are the disadvantages of SOAP web services?
7) What is WSDL?
8) What is UDDI?
9) What are RESTful web services?
10) What are the advantages of RESTful web services?

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11) What is the difference between SOAP and REST web services?
12) What is SOA service architecture?
13) What tools are used to deploy web services?
14) What is Web Service architecture?
15) What are the advantages of web services in globus toolkit?

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16) What are the different types of web services?
17) What is SOAP web services?
18) What is UDP and TCP?
19) What is stateless SOA?
20) What is data balancing in WSDL?

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Viva-voce


15 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 02: DEVELOP NEW OGSA-COMPLIANT WEB SERVICE

Aim:
To develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid Service using .NET language.
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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1. Developed by the Global Grid Forum
2. Aims to define a common, standard, open architecture for Grid Applications.
3. Defines a set of rules that make up a grid service.
4. Sharing and Coordinated use of diverse resources in Dynamic VO's

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Result:
Thus the program for developing OGSA- Complaint web service was successfully executed.

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16 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid
Service using .NET language
Applications:
? Sharing of information among diverse components of large heterogenous grid systems

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? WAN



1. How would you decide what style of Web Service to use? SOAP WS or REST?

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2. Does the service expose data or business logic?
3. Do consumers and the service providers require a formal contract?
4. Do we need to support multiple data formats?
5. Do we need to make AJAX calls?
6. Is the call synchronous or asynchronous?

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7. What level of security is required?
8. What level of transaction support is required?
9. Do we have limited band width?
10. What tools do you use to test your Web Services?
11. What is the difference between SOA and a Web service?

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12. What is a microservice architecture (aka MSA)?
13. What is data integrity?
14. What is cloud infrastructure?

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Viva-voce


17 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 03: USING APACHE AXIS DEVELOP A GRID SERVICE

Aim:
To develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Creating the New Level in the Package

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2. Edit the Configuration Files
3. Modify the Service Code
4. Modify the Client
5. Compile and Deploy
6. Starting the Container

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7. Compile the Client
8. Run the Client

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18 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:
Addition was successful

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Subtraction was successful
Multiplication was successful
Division was successful
Current value: 20.

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Result:

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Thus the program for Grid Service using Apache Axis was successfully executed.


19 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Applications:

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? To create web service in Java
? To work with Globus Tool kit standards web service


1. What are the different application integration styles?

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2. What is Grid Computing?
3. What is QOS?
4. What are the derivatives of grid computing?
5. What are the features of data grids?
6. What is load balancing?

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7. What is grid infrastructure?
8. Define ? Distributed Computing.
9. Define ? OSGI.
10. Define ? OSGA.
11. What is the use of API?s in cloud services?

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12. What is the difference between cloud and grid?
13. What is data communication?
14. What are the elements of data communication?

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Viva-voce

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20 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 04: DEVELOP APPLICATIONS USING JAVA OR C/C++ GRID
APIS

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Aim:
To develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Import all the necessary java packages and name the file as GridLayoutDemo.java
2. Set up components to preferred size
3. Add buttons to experiment with Grid Layout

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4. Add controls to set up horizontal and vertical gaps
5. Process the Apply gaps button press
6. Create the GUI
7. Create and set up the window,Set up the content pane and Display the Window
8. Schedule a job for the event dispatch thread

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9. Show the application's GUI

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21 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:

Figure 1: Horizontal, Left-to-Right Figure 2: Horizontal, Right-to-Left

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Result:
Thus the program to develop an application in java using Grid APIs was successfully executed.

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22 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Applications:
Used for defining a application programme interface for common distributes computing functionality

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1) Describe the two most important advantages of using Distributed/Grid Computing.
2) What is the main function of DNS?

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3) Briefly outline two applications of Public Key systems.
4) Provide one major difference between synchronous and asynchronous communication.
5) Provide one major difference between ASCII and Unicode encodings.
6) Provide two major differences between sequential computing and parallel computing.
7) Write the any three Grid Applications.

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8) Give the examples of Hardware service provider.
9) Give the example of software application ASP.
10) What are grid portals? Give example.
11) What are the high level services including in existing globus tool kit?
12) Name the components available in Nimrod architecture?

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13) What are the major objectives of Euro grid project?
14) What is the application specific work packages identified for the Euro grid?
15) Define dynamic accounting system.

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Viva-voce

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23 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

EX.NO. 05: DEVELOP SECURED APPLICATIONS USING BASIC
SECURITY MECHANISMS AVAILABLE IN GLOBUS TOOLKIT.
Aim:

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To develop a secured applications using a basic security mechanisms available in Globus toolkit
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
The Globus Toolkit incorporates multiple security components that establish the identity of users or services
(authentication), protect communications, and determine who is allowed to perform what actions (authorization), as
well as manage user credentials.
? GSI C: The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and

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certificate management.
? MyProxy: MyProxy is open source software for managing X.509 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) security
credentials (certificates and private keys).
? GSI-OpenSSH: GSI-OpenSSH is a modified version of OpenSSH that adds support for X.509 proxy
certificate authentication and delegation, providing a single sign-on remote login and file transfer service.

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The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and certificate
management. The authentication API is built using Public KeyInfrastructure (PKI) technologies, e.g. X.509
Certificates and TLS. In addition to authentication it features a delegation mechanism based upon X.509 Proxy
Certificates. Authorization support takes the form of a couple of APIs. The first provides a generic authorization API
that allows callouts to perform access control based on the client's credentials (i.e. the X.509 certificate chain). The

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second provides a simple access control list that maps authorized remote entities to local (system) user names. The
second mechanism also provides callouts that allow third parties to override the default behavior and is currently
used in the Gatekeeper and GridFTP servers. In addition to the above there are various lower level APIs and tools
for managing, discovering and querying certificates.
Components for Grid Security

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1. Basic Security Mechanisms
2. Components for Credential Generation
3. Components for Credential Management

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24 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Beyond verifying the identities of users and services, basic Grid security mechanisms leave access control decisions
to services. The Grid community has developed authorization and access control tools for storing and providing
access to system-wide authorization information and for creating a central data store for supporting decentralized

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control mechanisms.
Basic Security Mechanisms
? Pre-Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A non-Web services implementation of the Grid
Security Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI
mechanisms

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? Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A Web services implementation of the Grid Security
Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI mechanisms

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Result:
Thus the program to develop a security application available in Globus toolkit was successfully executed.
Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a secured applications using a basic security
mechanisms available in Globus toolkit

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25 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Applications:

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To provide easy acces to best breed open source network security


1. What are the collective services available in grid computing?
2. What are the basic principles of autonomous computing?

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3. What are the four essential characteristics of on demand business?
4. What are the essential capabilities provided by on demand business?
5. What are the two most important technologies for building semantic webs?
6. Define Peer to Peer computing?
7. What is the combination of Globus GT3 toolkit?

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8. What is a GT3 core?
9. What are the components available in service model?
10. Define WS-Trust
11. Define WS ?Federation
12. Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?

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13. Who are the actors in CDC?
14. Mention the scenarios in CDC?
15. What are the functional requirements of CDC on OGSA?

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Viva-voce

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26 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 06: DEVELOP A GRID PORTAL, WHERE USER CAN SUBMIT
A JOB AND GET THE RESULT, IMPLEMENT IT WITH AND WITHOUT
GRAM CONCEPT.

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Aim:
To develop a Grid portal and implement it with and without GRAM concept
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos

Procedure:
Multiple times that the likely user interface to grid applications will be through portals, specifically Web portals. A grid
portal may be constructed as a Web page interface to provide easy access to grid applications. The Web user

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interface provides user authentication, job submission, job monitoring, and results of the job.
Globus Resource Allocation Manager (GRAM)
When a job is submitted by a client, the request is sent to the remote host and handled by a gatekeeper daemon.
The gatekeeper creates a job manager to start and monitor the job. When the job is finished, the job manager
sends the status information back to the client and terminates.

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The GRAM subsystem consists of the following elements:
? The globusrun command and associated APIs Resource Specification Language (RSL)
? The gatekeeper daemon The job manager Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator (DUROC)
Each of these elements are described briefly below.
The globusrun command

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The globusrun command (or its equivalent API) submits a job to a resource within the grid. This command
is typically passed an RSL string (see below) that specifies parameters and other properties required to successfully
launch and run the job

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27 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Resource Specification Language (RSL)
RSL is a language used by clients to specify the job to be run. All job submission requests are described in an RSL
string that includes information such as the executable file; its parameters; information about redirection of stdin,

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stdout, and stderr; and so on. Basically it provides a standard way of specifying all of the information required to
execute a job, independent of the target environment. It is then the responsibility of the job manager on the target
system to parse the information and launch the job in the appropriate way.
The syntax of RSL is very straightforward. Each statement is enclosed within parenthesis. Comments are
designated with parenthesis and asterisks, for example, (* this is a comment *). Supported attributes include the

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following:
rsl_substitution: Defines variables
executable: The script or command to be run
arguments: Information or flags to be passed to the executable
stdin: Specifies the remote URL and local file used for the executable stdout: Specifies the remote file to place

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standard output from the job stderr: Specifies the remote file to place standard error from the job queue: Specifies the
queue to submit the job (requires a scheduler) count: Specifies the number of executions
directory: Specifies the directory to run the job
project: Specifies a project account for the job (requires a scheduler) dryRun: Verifies the RSL string but
does not run the job

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maxMemory: Specifies the maximum amount of memory in MBs required for the job
minMemory: Specifies the minimum amount of memory in MBs required for the job
hostCount: Specifies the number of nodes in a cluster required for the job environment: Specifies environment
variables that are required for the job
jobType: Specifies the type of job single process, multi-process, mpi, or condor

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maxTime: Specifies the maximum execution wall or cpu time for one execution
maxWallTime: Specifies the maximum walltime for one execution maxCpuTime: Specifies the maximum
cpu time for one execution
gramMyjob: Specifies the whether the gram myjob interface starts one process/thread (independent) or more
(collective)

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Result:

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Thus the program to develop Grid Portal was successfully executed.


29 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid portal and implement it with and
without GRAM concept

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Application:
? It is useful and necessary for interfaces for the performance of operations on the Grid. The Grid
Portal Development Kit (GPDK) facilitates the development of Grid portals and provides several key
reusable components for accessing various Grid services.
? A Grid Portal provides a customizable interface allowing scientists to perform a variety of Grid

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operations including remote program submission, file staging, and querying of information services
from a single, secure gateway.
? The Grid Portal Development Kit leverages off existing Globus/Grid middleware infrastructure as
well as commodity web technology including Java Server Pages and servlets .

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1) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?
2) What are the major goals of OGSA?
3) What are the more specific goals of OGSA?

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4) What are the main purposes of use case defined by OGSA?
5) Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
6) What are the layers available in OGSA architectural organizations?
7) What are the OGSA basic services?
8) What are the two aspects involved in GRAM?

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9) What are the two kinds of lifecycle model associated with state data recovery?
10) What is a GT3 core?
11) What are the major components of default server side framework?
12) What is Grid container?
13) What are the two levels of security available in GT3?

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14) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?
15) What are the two different message-level authentication mechanisms provided by GT3 framework?
16) What are the most common GT3 security handlers?
Viva-voce

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30 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

INTRODUCTION TO CLOUD COMPUTING

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What is cloud computing?
Cloud computing means that instead of all the computer hardware and software you're using sitting on your
desktop, or somewhere inside your company's network, it's provided for you as a service by another company and
accessed over the Internet, usually in a completely seamless way. Exactly where the hardware and software is
located and how it all works doesn't matter to you, the user?it's just somewhere up in the nebulous "cloud" that the

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Internet represents.
Cloud computing is a buzzword that means different things to different people. For some, it's just another way of
describing IT (information technology) "outsourcing"; others use it to mean any computing service provided over the
Internet or a similar network; and some define it as any bought-in computer service you use that sits outside your
firewall.

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Types of cloud computing
IT people talk about three different kinds of cloud computing, where different services are being provided for you.
Note that there's a certain amount of vagueness about how these things are defined and some overlap between
them.
? Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) means you're buying access to raw computing hardware over the Net,

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such as servers or storage. Since you buy what you need and pay-as-you-go, this is often referred to as
utility computing. Ordinary web hosting is a simple example of IaaS: you pay a monthly subscription or a
per-megabyte/gigabyte fee to have a hosting company serve up files for your website from their servers.
? Software as a Service (SaaS) means you use a complete application running on someone else's system.
Web-based email and Google Documents are perhaps the best-known examples. Zoho is another well-

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known SaaS provider offering a variety of office applications online.
? Platform as a Service (PaaS) means you develop applications using Web-based tools so they run on
systems software and hardware provided by another company. So, for example, you might develop your
own ecommerce website but have the whole thing, including the shopping cart, checkout, and payment
mechanism running on a merchant's server. App Cloud (from salesforce.com) and the Google App Engine

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are examples of PaaS.
Advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing
Advantages
The pros of cloud computing are obvious and compelling. If your business is selling books or repairing shoes,
why get involved in the nitty gritty of buying and maintaining a complex computer system? If you run an insurance

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office, do you really want your sales agents wasting time running anti-virus software, upgrading word-processors, or
worrying about hard-drive crashes? Do you really want them cluttering your expensive computers with their personal


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emails, illegally shared MP3 files, and naughty YouTube videos?when you could leave that responsibility to
someone else? Cloud computing allows you to buy in only the services you want, when you want them, cutting the
upfront capital costs of computers and peripherals. You avoid equipment going out of date and other familiar IT
problems like ensuring system security and reliability. You can add extra services (or take them away) at a moment's

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notice as your business needs change. It's really quick and easy to add new applications or services to your
business without waiting weeks or months for the new computer (and its software) to arrive.
Drawbacks
Instant convenience comes at a price. Instead of purchasing computers and software, cloud computing means you
buy services, so one-off, upfront capital costs become ongoing operating costs instead. That might work out much

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more expensive in the long-term.
If you're using software as a service (for example, writing a report using an online word processor or sending emails
through webmail), you need a reliable, high-speed, broadband Internet connection functioning the whole time you're
working. That's something we take for granted in countries such as the United States, but it's much more of an issue
in developing countries or rural areas where broadband is unavailable.

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An Introduction to Cloud Computing with OpenNebula
An OpenNebula Private Cloud provides infrastructure users with an elastic platform for fast delivery and scalability of
services to meet dynamic demands of service end-users. Services are hosted in VMs, and then submitted,
monitored and controlled in the Cloud by using Sunstone or any of the OpenNebula interfaces:
? Command Line Interface (CLI)

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? XML-RPC API
? OpenNebulaRuby and Java Cloud APIs
The aim of a Private Cloud is not to expose to the world a cloud interface to sell capacity over the Internet, but to
provide local cloud users and administrators with a flexible and agile private infrastructure to run virtualized service
workloads within the administrative domain. OpenNebula virtual infrastructure interfaces expose user and

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administrator functionality for virtualization, networking, image and physical resource configuration, management,
monitoring and accounting.

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Expt.No.1: FIND PROCEDURE TO RUN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE OF
DIFFERENT CONFIGURATION. CHECK HOW MANY VIRTUAL
MACHINES CAN BE UTILIZED AT PARTICULAR TIME.

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Aim:
To Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be
utilized at particular time
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

Creating Virtual Machines

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In OpenNebula the Virtual Machines are defined with Template files. The Template Repository system allows
OpenNebula administrators and users to register Virtual Machine definitions in the system, to be instantiated later as
Virtual Machine instances. These Templates can be instantiated several times, and also shared with other users.
Virtual Machine Model
A Virtual Machine within the OpenNebula system consists of:

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? A capacity in terms memory and CPU
? A set of NICs attached to one or more virtual networks
? A set of disk images
? A state file (optional) or recovery file, that contains the memory image of a running VM plus some hypervisor
specific information.

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The above items, plus some additional VM attributes like the OS kernel and context information to be used inside the
VM, are specified in a template file.
Defining a VM in 3 Steps
Virtual Machines are defined in an OpenNebula Template. Templates are stored in a repository to easily browse and
instantiate VMs from them. To create a new Template you have to define 3 things

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33 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

? Capacity & Name, how big will the VM be?

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Attribute Description Mandatory Default
NAME Name that the VM will get for description purposes. Yes one-
MEMORY Amount of RAM required for the VM, in Megabytes. Yes
CPU CPU ratio (e..g half a physical CPU is 0.5). Yes
VCPU Number of virtual cpus. No 1

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Disks. Each disk is defined with a DISK attribute. A VM can use three types of disk:
? Use a persistent Image changes to the disk image will persist after the VM is shutdown.
? Use a non-persistent Image images are cloned, changes to the image will be lost.
? Volatile disks are created on the fly on the target host. After the VM is shutdown the disk is disposed.

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Persistent and Clone Disks
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
IMAGE_ID and IMAGE The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes
IMAGE_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No self
IMAGE_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No self

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Volatile
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
TYPE
Type of the disk: swap, fs. swap type will set the label to swap so it is
easier to mount and the context packages will automatically mount it.

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Yes
SIZE size in MB Yes
FORMAT
filesystem for fs images: ext2, ext3, etc. raw will not format the image. For
VMs to run on vmfs or vmwareshared configurations, the valid values are:

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Yes


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Attribute Description Mandatory Default
vmdk_thin, vmdk_zeroedthick, vmdk_eagerzeroedthick

Network Interfaces. Each network interface of a VM is defined with the NIC attribute.
Attribute Description Mandatory Default

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NETWORK_ID and NETWORK The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes
NETWORK_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No Self
NETWORK_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No Self

The following example shows a VM Template file with a couple of disks and a network interface, also a VNC section

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was added.
NAME = test-vm
MEMORY = 128
CPU = 1

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DISK = [ IMAGE = "Arch Linux" ]
DISK = [ TYPE = swap,
SIZE = 1024 ]

NIC = [ NETWORK = "Public", NETWORK_UNAME="oneadmin" ]

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GRAPHICS = [
TYPE = "vnc",
LISTEN = "0.0.0.0"]
Simple templates can be also created using the command line instead of creating a template file. The parameters to

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do this for onetemplate are:

Parameter

Description

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--namename Name for the VM
--cpucpu CPU percentage reserved for the VM (1=100% one CPU)


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Parameter

Description

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--vcpuvcpu Number of virtualized CPUs
--archarch Architecture of the VM, e.g.: i386 or x86_64
--memorymemory Memory ammount given to the VM
--diskdisk0,disk1 Disks to attach. To use a disk owned by other user use user[disk]
--nicvnet0,vnet1 Networks to attach. To use a network owned by other user use user[network]

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--rawstring
Raw string to add to the template. Not to be confused with the RAW attribute. If you want
to provide more than one element, just include an enter inside quotes, instead of using
more than one -raw option
--vnc Add VNC server to the VM

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--ssh[file]
Add an ssh public key to the context. If the file is omited then the user variable
SSH_PUBLIC_KEY will be used.
--net_context Add network contextualization parameters
--contextline1,line2 * Lines to add to the context section

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--bootdevice Select boot device (hd, fd, cdrom or network)
A similar template as the previous example can be created with the following command:
$ onetemplate create --name test-vm --memory 128 --cpu 1 --disk "Arch Linux" --nic Public
Managing Virtual Machines
Assuming we have a VM Template registered called vm-example with ID 6, then we can instantiate the VM issuing

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a:
$ onetemplate list

ID USER GROUP NAME REGTIME
6 oneadminoneadminvm_example 09/28 06:44:07

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$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm


36 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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VM ID: 0
If the template has USER INPUTSdefined the CLI will prompt the user for these values:
$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm

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There are some parameters that require user input.

* (BLOG_TITLE) Blog Title:
* (DB_PASSWORD) Database Password:
VM ID: 0

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Afterwards, the VM can be listed with the onevmlist command. You can also use the onevmtop command to list VMs
continuously.
$ onevm list

ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME

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0 oneadminoneadminmy_vm pend 0 0K 00 00:00:03
After a Scheduling cycle, the VM will be automatically deployed. But the deployment can also be forced by oneadmin
using onevmdeploy:
$ onehost list

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ID NAME RVM TCPU FCPU ACPU TMEM FMEM AMEM STAT
2 testbed 0 800 800 800 16G 16G16G on
$ onevm deploy 0 2

$ onevm list

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ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME
0 oneadminoneadminmy_vmrunn 0 0K testbed 00 00:02:40

$ onevm show 0

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VIRTUAL MACHINE 0 INFORMATION
ID :0
NAME : my_vm
USER : oneadmin
GROUP : oneadmin

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37 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

STATE : ACTIVE

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LCM_STATE : RUNNING
START TIME : 04/14 09:00:24
END TIME : -
DEPLOY ID: : one-0
PERMISSIONS

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OWNER : um-
GROUP : ---
OTHER : ---
VIRTUAL MACHINE MONITORING
NET_TX : 13.05

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NET_RX : 0
USED MEMORY : 512
USED CPU : 0
VIRTUAL MACHINE TEMPLATE
VIRTUAL MACHINE HISTORY

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SEQ HOSTNAME REASON START TIME PTIME

0 testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00
testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00

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38 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to run virtual machines on different configuration was successfully executed & its utilization time is
checked in various machines.

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39 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find procedure to run the virtual machine of different
Configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
Applications:
? An advantage of virtualizing the workload?s I/O path enables hardware independence by
abstracting vendor specific drivers to more generalized versions that run on the hypervisor.

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? It allows the live migration, which is one of virtualization?s greatest availability strengths
? The sharing of aggregate resources, such as network paths

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1. What is cloud computing?
2. What are the benefits of cloud computing?
3. What are the different data types used in cloud computing?
4. What are the different layers in cloud computing?
5. What do you mean by software as a service?

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6. What is on-demand functionality? How is it provided in cloud computing?
7. What are the platforms used for large scale cloud computing?
8. What are the different models for deployment in cloud computing?
9. What is the difference between cloud computing and mobile computing?
10. What are the open source cloud computing platform databases?

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11. What is the difference between cloud and traditional datacenters?
12. Why API's is used in cloud services?
13. What are the different datacenters in cloud computing?
14. Define API in data virtualization?
15. List of API in cloud?

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Viva-voce


40 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No.02: FIND PROCEDURE TO ATTACH VIRTUAL BLOCK TO
THE VIRTUAL MACHINE AND CHECK WHETHER IT HOLDS THE
DATA EVEN AFTER THE RELEASE OF THE VIRTUAL MACHINE.
Aim:
To find a procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even after the

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release of the virtual machine

Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

Procedure:
VirtualBox uses a special kernel module called vboxdrv to perform physical memory allocation and to gain control of

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the processor for guest system execution. Without this kernel module, you can still use the VirtualBox manager to
configure virtual machines, but they will not start. In addition, there are the network kernel modules vboxnetflt and
vboxnetadp which are required for the more advanced networking features of VirtualBox.
The VirtualBox kernel module is automatically installed on your system when you install VirtualBox. To
maintain it with future kernel updates, for those Linux distributions which provide it -- most current ones -- we

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recommend installing Dynamic Kernel Module Support (DKMS). This framework helps with building and upgrading
kernel modules.
If DKMS is not already installed, execute one of the following:
On an Ubuntu system:
sudo apt-get install dkms

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If DKMS is available and installed, the VirtualBox kernel module should always work automatically, and it will be
automatically rebuilt if your host kernel is updated.
Otherwise, there are only two situations in which you will need to worry about the kernel module:
1. The original installation fails. This probably means that your Linux system is not prepared for building
external kernel modules.

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41 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Most Linux distributions can be set up simply by installing the right packages - normally, these will be the

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GNU compiler (GCC), GNU Make (make) and packages containing header files for your kernel - and making
sure that all system updates are installed and that the system is running the most up-to-date kernel included
in the distribution. The version numbers of the header file packages must be the same as that of the kernel
you are using.
? With Debian and Ubuntu releases, you must install the right version of the linux-headers and if it exists

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the linux-kbuild package. Current Ubuntu releases should have the right packages installed by default.
? In even older Debian and Ubuntu releases, you must install the right version of the kernel-headers
package.
? On Fedora and Redhat systems, the package is kernel-devel.
? On SUSE and openSUSE Linux, you must install the right versions of the kernel-source and kernel-syms

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packages.
? If you have built your own kernel, you will need to make sure that you also installed all the required
header and other files for building external modules to the right locations. The details of how to do
this will depend on how you built your kernel, and if you are unsure you should consult the
documentation which you followed to do so.

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2. The kernel of your Linux host was updated and DKMS is not installed. In that case, the kernel module will
need to be reinstalled by executing (as root):
rcvboxdrv setup
Performing the installation
VirtualBox is available in a number of package formats native to various common Linux distributions. In addition,

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there is an alternative generic installer (.run) which should work on most Linux distributions.
Installing VirtualBox from a Debian/Ubuntu package
First, download the appropriate package for your distribution. The following examples assume that you are installing
to a 32-bit Ubuntu Wily system. Use dpkg to install the Debian package:
sudodpkg -i virtualbox-5.0_5.0.20_Ubuntu_wily_i386.deb

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The installer will also try to build kernel modules suitable for the current running kernel. If the build process is not
successful you will be shown a warning and the package will be left unconfigured. Please have a look at /var/log/vbox-
install.log to find out why the compilation failed. You may have to install the appropriate Linux kernel After correcting
any problems, do

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42 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

sudorcvboxdrv setup
This will start a second attempt to build the module.

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If a suitable kernel module was found in the package or the module was successfully built, the installation script will
attempt to load that module.
Once VirtualBox has been successfully installed and configured, you can start it by selecting "VirtualBox" in your
start menu or from the command line.
Using the alternative installer (VirtualBox.run)

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The alternative installer performs the following steps:
? It unpacks the application files to the target directory,
/opt/VirtualBox/
which cannot be changed.
? It builds the VirtualBox kernel modules (vboxdrv, vboxnetflt and vboxnetadp) and installs them.

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? It creates /sbin/rcvboxdrv, an init script to start the VirtualBox kernel module.
? It creates a new system group called vboxusers.
? It creates symbolic links in /usr/bin to the a shell script (/opt/VirtualBox/VBox) which does some sanity checks
and dispatches to the actual executables, VirtualBox, VBoxSDL, VBoxVRDP, VBoxHeadless and VBoxManage
? It creates /etc/udev/rules.d/60-vboxdrv.rules, a description file for udev, if that is present, which makes the USB

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devices accessible to all users in the vboxusers group.
? It writes the installation directory to /etc/vbox/vbox.cfg.
The installer must be executed as root with either install or uninstall as the first parameter.
sudo ./VirtualBox.run install
Or if you do not have the "sudo" command available, run the following as root instead:

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./VirtualBox.run install


43 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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After that you need to put every user which should be able to access USB devices from VirtualBox guests in the
group vboxusers, either through the GUI user management tools or by running the following command as root:
sudousermod -a -G vboxusers username
Performing a manual installation
If, for any reason, you cannot use the shell script installer described previously, you can also perform a manual

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installation. Invoke the installer like this:
./VirtualBox.run --keep --noexec
This will unpack all the files needed for installation in the directory install under the current directory. The VirtualBox
application files are contained in VirtualBox.tar.bz2 which you can unpack to any directory on your system. For
example:

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sudomkdir /opt/VirtualBox
sudo tar jxf ./install/VirtualBox.tar.bz2 -C /opt/VirtualBox
or as root:
mkdir /opt/VirtualBox
tarjxf ./install/VirtualBox.tar.bz2 -C /opt/VirtualBox

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The sources for VirtualBox's kernel module are provided in the src directory. To build the module, change to the
directory and issuemake
If everything builds correctly, issue the following command to install the module to the appropriate module directory:
sudo make install
In case you do not have sudo, switch the user account to root and performmake install

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The VirtualBox kernel module needs a device node to operate. The above make command will tell you how to create
the device node, depending on your Linux system. The procedure is slightly different for a classical Linux setup with
a /dev directory, a system with the now deprecated devfs and a modern Linux system with udev.
Note that the /dev/vboxdrv kernel module device node must be owned by root:root and must be read/writable only for
the user.Next, you will have to install the system initialization script for the kernel module:

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cp /opt/VirtualBox/vboxdrv.sh /sbin/rcvboxdrv
mkdir /etc/vbox
echo INSTALL_DIR=/opt/VirtualBox> /etc/vbox/vbox.cfg

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44 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

and, for convenience, create the following symbolic links:
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VirtualBox
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxManage

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ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxHeadless
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxSDL

Sample Output:

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Result:

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Thus the program to attach virtual block to virtual machine was successfully executed & checked whether it holds the
data after the release of the virtual machine.


45 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find a procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual

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machine and check whether it holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
Application:
? To support the Cloud Computing with the Virtual Block Store System. The fast development of cloud
computing systems stimulates the needs for a standalone block storage system to provide persistent
block storage services to virtual machines maintained by clouds.

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1. What is Type-1 and Type-2 hypervisor?
2. What is the use of virsh command?

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3. Explain how you can transfer volume from one owner to another in Open Stack?
4. Discuss about KVM Features?
5. What is Virtual block?
6. What is Virtualization?
7. What are virtual clusters?

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8. How virtualization happens in data center?
9. List some of the open source grid middleware packages.
10. What is a programming model?
11. What is Hadoop?
12. What are map and reduce functions?

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13. How to run a job in hadoop?
14. What is HDFS?
15. What are the open source grid middleware packages?
16. What is peer to peer computing?
17. What are node clusters?

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18. How virtual migration happens in data center?
Viva-voce


46 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No.03: INSTALL A C COMPILER IN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE AND
EXECUTE A SAMPLE PROGRAM.
Aim:
To Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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1. Create a VM and Install any OS on it.
2.Install a C compiler on OS
3.Open a Editor and type the sample program and Save.
4.Compile and run the Program
Example:

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C programming on Linux based Environement

1. Open Terminal (Applications-Accessories-Terminal)
2. Open gedit by typing ?gedit&? on terminal(You can also use any other Text Editor application)
3. Type the following on gedit

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(or any other text editor)
#include
main()
{
printf("Hello World\n");

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}
Save this file as
?helloworld. C?
5. Type ?ls? on Terminal to see all files under current folder
6. Confirm that ?helloworld.c? is in the current directory.

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If not, type cd DIRECTORY_PATH to go to the
directory that has ?helloworld.c?
7. Type ?gcchelloworld.c? to compile, and type ?ls? to
confirm that a new executable file ?a.out? is created
8. Type ?./a.out? on Terminal to run the program

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47 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to install a C complier is done and the sample program was executed successfully.

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48 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and
execute a sample program
Application:

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The application of installing a C compiler in the virtual machine benefits to have a portable executable, for
each platform.

1. What is the difference between Xen & KVM ?
2. What are different hypervisors available in Linux ?

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3. Which command is used to list all virtual machine running on the KVM hypervisor ?
4. What are the different states of a VM in Xen hypervisor ?
5. How to forcefully shutdown the KVM based virtual machine from the command line ?
6. What is virtual Machine?
7. What is Compiler?

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8. What is Directory?
9. List the C Compilers available?
10. What is virtualization?
11. List out VM operations
12. What are different hypervisors available in windows?

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13. How to implement applications on the cloud to install C compiler?
14. What are grid and cloud tools available?
15. What is hypervisor?
Viva-voce

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49 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No.04: SHOW THE VIRTUAL MACHINE MIGRATION BASED ON
THE CERTAIN CONDITION FROM ONE NODE TO THE OTHER.

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Aim:
To Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other

Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

Procedure:

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1.Update source and target virtual machines to latest package versions
To help ensure that platform images between cloud providers are running the same version of key operating system
packages, update these packages to the latest versions on both source and target virtual machines.
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

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2. Install rsync and screen packages on source and target virtual machines
The migration of application packages and files in this process will use rsync over ssh between source and target
virtual machines. The actual transfer of files between virtual machines can take some time, so I also recommend
using screen so that you can easily re-attach to an in-progress migration session if you are inadvertently
disconnected.

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Ensure that rsync and screen packages are installed on both the source and target virtual machines with these
commands:
sudo apt-get install rsync
sudo apt-get install screen
3. Add a consistent user account to both source and target virtual machines

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To facilitate the migration process, ensure that you have a consistent user account configured on both source and
target virtual machines with sudo enabled. The newly provisioned target virtual machines from Task 3 already


50 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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include a user named azureuser with sudo enabled. To configure this same user on each source virtual machine,
use the following commands:
sudogroupadd -g 500 azureuser
sudouseradd -u 500 -g 500 -m -s /bin/bash azureuser

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sudopasswdazureuser
4. Start a screen session for the migration
On the source virtual machine, enter a new screen session for the migration by using the following command:
sudo screen -S AzureMigration
If you are disconnected from the source virtual machine during the migration process, you can reconnect to the

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detached screen session by using the following command after signing in again to the source virtual machine:
sudo screen -r
5. Build an exclusion list of directories and files
During the migration, we want to be careful to skip any files that include configuration information relating to the
identity of the source virtual machines, such as IP addresses, hostnames, ssh keys, etc. For the Ubuntu-based

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virtual machines that we migrated, we used the following commands on each source virtual machine to build our
list of directories and files to exclude from the migration process:
EXCLUDEFILE=/tmp/exclude.file
EXCLUDELIST='/boot /etc/fstab /etc/hostname /etc/issue /etc/hosts
/etc/sudoers /etc/networks /etc/network/* /etc/resolv.conf

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/etc/ssh/* /etc/sysctl.conf /etc/mtab /etc/udev/rules.d/*
/lock /net /tmp'
EXCLUDEPATH=$(echo $EXCLUDELIST | sed 's/\ /\\n/g')
echo -e $EXCLUDEPATH > $EXCLUDEFILE
find / -name '*cloud-init*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE

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find / -name '*cloud-config*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE
find / -name '*cloud-final*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE


51 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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The actual list of directories and files that you exclude may vary from this list, based on the Linux distro version,
packages and applications that you are migrating.
Credits: Kudos to Kevin Carter who wrote a great article a couple years ago that provided a useful starting point for
building a list of directories and files to consider excluding as part of a Linux-to-Linux migration process!

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6. Stop applications during migration
To minimize application data changes from occurring during the migration process, stop the related applications and
daemons on the source virtual machines. The application that we migrated was a web application built using
Apache2, so we simply stopped the related Apache2 daemon.
sudo service stop apache2

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7. Migrate the application files and data
From each source virtual machine, migrate application files and data using two rsync passes over ssh. The first
pass performs the bulk of the data transfer, whereas the second pass uses checksums to confirm that all files were
transferred successfully.
TARGETVM="insert_target_vm_public_ip_address"

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rsync -e "ssh" -rlpEAXogDtSzh -P -x ?exclude-from="$EXCLUDEFILE" ?rsync-path="sudorsync" ?
verbose ?progress / azureuser@$TARGETVM:/
rsync -e "ssh" -crlpEAXogDtSzh -P -x ?exclude-from="$EXCLUDEFILE" ?rsync-path="sudorsync" ?
verbose ?progress / azureuser@$TARGETVM:/
8. Restart each target virtual machine

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After both rsync passes have completed, restart each target virtual machine to complete the migration
process.
sshazureuser@$TARGETVM
shutdown -r now

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Result:
Thus the program to implement migration of virtual machine was executed successfully.


53 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to Show the virtual machine migration based on the

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certain condition from one node to the other
Application:
? Its easier to migrate a Virtual Machine from one server to another, than migrating the operating
system and application(s) individually.
? Using Virtual Machine Migration, its possible to migrate operating systems and applications from

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older servers to newer servers easily and without disrupting the services.

1. What are the basic requirements of VM live migration in KVM?
2. Which command is used in KVM for VMs live migration?
3. How to get hardware information of KVM guest machine?

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4. What is VM migration?
5. Which type of virtualization is also characteristic of cloud computing ?
6. Which virtualization standard does the WebSphere Application Server Hypervisor Edition use?
7.Which three tools are included in the IBM Rational Jazz Collaborative Application Lifecycle
Management (C/ALM) solution?

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8. What are two ways a public cloud helps customers reduce their IT costs?
9.What functionality is provided by the IBM Security Network Intrusion Prevention System Virtual
Appliance for a cloud environment?
10. What are two important benefits of using cloud computing?
11. What is the value of IBM Security Information and Event Manager in a cloud provider environment?

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12. What is the main purpose of an IBM CloudBurst solution?
Viva-voce


54 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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EX.NO.5: PROCEDURE TO INSTALL STORAGE CONTROLLER AND
INTERACT WITH IT.
Aim:
Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos

Procedure:

To install Storage Control, follow these steps.

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Ensure that Systems Director 6.3 is installed and running.
Ensure that you are logged in to Systems Director with a user ID that has administrative privileges.
Windows only: Restart the DB2 Management server.
a) Go to Start >Administrative Tools >Services.
b) Select DB2 Management Service from the services window and restart it.

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If you want to download and install Storage Control, go to step 5. If you want to install Storage Control from read-
only media, such as a CD or mounted .iso image, go to step 8.
From the Systems Director summary page, click the link Try Storage Control in the upper right corner.
A download page opens. Download the appropriate file for your operating system.
7.Extract the files to the directory where you want to install Storage Control, then go to step 9.

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8. Copy the Storage Control installer directory from the CD or the mounted .iso image into a temporary directory
close to the system root. For example, /SCInstall for AIX or Linux and C:\SCInstall for Windows.
9. Access a command window and navigate to the directory where you extracted the files or where you copied
the installer directory. Run the appropriate script. If you do not want the license agreement to display, use the -
ioption when you run the script. For example, StorageControlInstall.sh -i.

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Important: If you are not using IBM DB2 managed by Systems Director, then
the DB2 user ID used must have DB2 Administrator privileges.
On Microsoft Windows systems, run the script StorageControlInstall.bat.

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55 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

On Linux and AIX systems, run the script StorageControlInstall.sh.
10. Restart Systems Director as directed.

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Result:
Thus the program to install storage controller was executed successfully.

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56 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find procedure to install storage controller and
interact with it
Application:

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A controller offers a level of abstraction between an operating system and the physical drives. A RAID
controller presents groups to applications and operating systems as logical units for which data protection
schemes can be defined.

1. What is a snapshot?

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2. What is Thick Provision Lazy Zeroed?
3. What is Thick Provision Eager Zeroed?
4. What is Thin Provision?
5. What is VDI?
6. What is storage vMotion?

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7. How many virtual CPUs can I use on a Fault Tolerant virtual machine?
8. What is the use of vmware tools?
9. What happens if vCenter Server is offline when a failover event occurs?
10. What are the monitoring methods used for vSphere HA?
11. What are the roles of a master host in vSphere HA?

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12. What is the hardware version used in VMware ESXi 5.5?
13. What is server virtualization?
14. What is Network Virtualization?
15. What is template?
Viva-Voce

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57 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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EX.NO.6: PROCEDURE TO SET UP ONE HADOOP CLUSTER

Aim:
To Find a procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
Follow the steps given below to have Hadoop Multi-Node cluster setup.

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Installing Java
Java is the main prerequisite for Hadoop. First of all, you should verify the existence of java in your system using
?java -version?. The syntax of java version command is given below.
$ java-version
If everything works fine it will give you the following output.

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java version "1.7.0_71"
Java(TM) SE RuntimeEnvironment(build 1.7.0_71-b13)
JavaHotSpot(TM)Client VM (build 25.0-b02, mixed mode)
If java is not installed in your system, then follow the given steps for installing java.
1. Download java (JDK - X64.tar.gz) by visiting the following link

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http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk7-downloads-1880260.html
Then jdk-7u71-linux-x64.tar.gz will be downloaded into your system.
2. Generally you will find the downloaded java file in Downloads folder. Verify it and extract the jdk-7u71-linux-
x64.gz file using the following commands.
$ cdDownloads/

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$ ls
jdk-7u71-Linux-x64.gz
$ tar zxf jdk-7u71-Linux-x64.gz
$ ls
jdk1.7.0_71 jdk-7u71-Linux-x64.gz

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58 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

3. To make java available to all the users, you have to move it to the location ?/usr/local/?. Open the root, and type

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the following commands.
$ su
password:
# mv jdk1.7.0_71 /usr/local/
# exit

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4. For setting up PATH and JAVA_HOME variables, add the following commands to ~/.bashrc file.
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.7.0_71
export PATH=PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
Now verify the java -version command from the terminal as explained above. Follow the above process and install
java in all your cluster nodes.

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Creating User Account
Create a system user account on both master and slave systems to use the Hadoop installation.
# useraddhadoop
# passwdhadoop
Mapping the nodes

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You have to edit hosts file in /etc/ folder on all nodes, specify the IP address of each system followed by their host
names.
# vi /etc/hosts
enter the following lines in the /etc/hosts file.
192.168.1.109hadoop-master

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192.168.1.145 hadoop-slave-1
192.168.56.1 hadoop-slave-2
Configuring Key Based Login
Setup ssh in every node such that they can communicate with one another without any prompt for password.
# suhadoop

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$ ssh-keygen-t rsa
$ ssh-copy-id-i~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub tutorialspoint@hadoop-master
$ ssh-copy-id-i~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop_tp1@hadoop-slave-1
$ ssh-copy-id-i~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop_tp2@hadoop-slave-2
$ chmod0600~/.ssh/authorized_keys

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$ exit
Installing Hadoop
In the Master server, download and install Hadoop using the following commands.
# mkdir /opt/hadoop
# cd /opt/hadoop/

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# wget http://apache.mesi.com.ar/hadoop/common/hadoop-1.2.1/hadoop-1.2.0.tar.gz
# tar -xzf hadoop-1.2.0.tar.gz
# mv hadoop-1.2.0 hadoop

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59 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

# chown -R hadoop /opt/hadoop
# cd /opt/hadoop/hadoop/
Configuring Hadoop

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You have to configure Hadoop server by making the following changes as given below.
core-site.xml

Open the core-site.xml file and edit it as shown below.

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fs.default.name
hdfs://hadoop-master:9000/

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dfs.permissions
false


hdfs-site.xml

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Open the hdfs-site.xml file and edit it as shown below.


dfs.data.dir
/opt/hadoop/hadoop/dfs/name/data

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true



dfs.name.dir

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/opt/hadoop/hadoop/dfs/name
true

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dfs.replication
1


mapred-site.xml

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Open the mapred-site.xml file and edit it as shown below.



60 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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mapred.job.tracker
hadoop-master:9001

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hadoop-env.sh
Open the hadoop-env.sh file and edit JAVA_HOME, HADOOP_CONF_DIR, and HADOOP_OPTS as shown below.
Note: Set the JAVA_HOME as per your system configuration.
export JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk1.7.0_17 export HADOOP_OPTS=-Djava.net.preferIPv4Stack=trueexport

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HADOOP_CONF_DIR=/opt/hadoop/hadoop/conf
Installing Hadoop on Slave Servers
Install Hadoop on all the slave servers by following the given commands.
# suhadoop
$ cd/opt/hadoop

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$ scp-r hadoop hadoop-slave-1:/opt/hadoop
$ scp-r hadoop hadoop-slave-2:/opt/hadoop
Configuring Hadoop on Master Server
Open the master server and configure it by following the given commands.
# suhadoop

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$ cd/opt/hadoop/hadoop
Configuring Master Node
$ vietc/hadoop/masters
hadoop-master
Configuring Slave Node

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$ vietc/hadoop/slaves
hadoop-slave-1
hadoop-slave-2
Format Name Node on Hadoop Master
# suhadoop

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$ cd/opt/hadoop/hadoop
$ bin/hadoopnamenode?format
11/10/1410:58:07 INFO namenode.NameNode:
STARTUP_MSG:/************************************************************
STARTUP_MSG: Starting NameNode

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STARTUP_MSG: host = hadoop-master/192.168.1.109
STARTUP_MSG: args = [-format]
STARTUP_MSG: version = 1.2.0
STARTUP_MSG: build = https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/hadoop/common/branches/branch-1.2 -r 1479473;
compiled by 'hortonfo' on Mon May 6 06:59:37 UTC 2013

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STARTUP_MSG: java = 1.7.0_71 ************************************************************/11/10/1410:58:08 INFO

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util.GSet:Computing capacity for map BlocksMapeditlog=/opt/hadoop/hadoop/dfs/name/current/edits
?.
?.
?.11/10/1410:58:08 INFO common.Storage:Storage directory
/opt/hadoop/hadoop/dfs/name has been successfully formatted.11/10/1410:58:08 INFO namenode.NameNode:

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SHUTDOWN_MSG:/************************************************************ SHUTDOWN_MSG: Shutting down
NameNode at hadoop-master/192.168.1.15 ************************************************************/
Starting Hadoop Services
The following command is to start all the Hadoop services on the Hadoop-Master.
$ cd $HADOOP_HOME/sbin

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$ start-all.sh
Adding a New DataNode in the Hadoop Cluster
Given below are the steps to be followed for adding new nodes to a Hadoop cluster.
Networking
Add new nodes to an existing Hadoop cluster with some appropriate network configuration. Assume the following

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network configuration.
For New node Configuration:
IP address :192.168.1.103
netmask:255.255.255.0
hostname : slave3.in

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Adding User and SSH Access
Add a User
On a new node, add "hadoop" user and set password of Hadoop user to "hadoop123" or anything you want by using
the following commands.
useraddhadoop

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passwdhadoop
Setup Password less connectivity from master to new slave.
Execute the following on the master
mkdir-p $HOME/.ssh
chmod700 $HOME/.ssh

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ssh-keygen-t rsa-P ''-f $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa
cat $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys
chmod644 $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys
Copy the public key to new slave node inhadoop user $HOME directory
scp $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop@192.168.1.103:/home/hadoop/

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Execute the following on the slaves
Login to hadoop. If not, login to hadoop user.


62 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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suhadoopssh-X hadoop@192.168.1.103
Copy the content of public key into file "$HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys" and then change the permission for the
same by executing the following commands.
cd $HOME

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mkdir-p $HOME/.ssh
chmod700 $HOME/.ssh
cat id_rsa.pub >>$HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys
chmod644 $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys
Check ssh login from the master machine. Now check if you can ssh to the new node without a password from the

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master.
ssh hadoop@192.168.1.103or hadoop@slave3
Set Hostname of New Node
You can set hostname in file /etc/sysconfig/network
Onnew slave3 machine

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NETWORKING=yes
HOSTNAME=slave3.in
To make the changes effective, either restart the machine or run hostname command to a new machine with the
respective hostname (restart is a good option).
On slave3 node machine:

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hostname slave3.in
Update /etc/hosts on all machines of the cluster with the following lines:
192.168.1.102 slave3.in slave3
Now try to ping the machine with hostnames to check whether it is resolving to IP or not.
On new node machine:

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ping master.in
Start the DataNode on New Node
Start the datanode daemon manually using $HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoop-daemon.sh script. It will automatically
contact the master (NameNode) and join the cluster. We should also add the new node to the conf/slaves file in the
master server. The script-based commands will recognize the new node.

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Login to new node
suhadooporssh-X hadoop@192.168.1.103
Start HDFS on a newly added slave node by using the following command
./bin/hadoop-daemon.sh start datanode
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

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0 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

College o f Engineering

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?



DEPARTMENT OF

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COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
VII SEMESTER - R 2013

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Name : ______________________________________
Reg. No. : ______________________________________
Section : ______________________________________

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LABORATORY MANUAL


1 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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DHANALAKSHMI


is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and enterprising
professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and training.

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? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic Excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart and

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soul

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

To strive for acquiring, applying and imparting knowledge in Computer Science and Engineering through quality

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education and to provide enthusiastic professionals with commitment


? To produce highly competent and globally employable engineers in the field of Computer Science and
Engineering

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? To inculcate human values among the student community and make them realize their commitment to the society
? To exhibit excellence in pursuit of research and innovative products with a zeal to serve the society


VISION

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VISION
MISSION
MISSION

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2 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)
1. Fundamentals
To provide students with a solid foundation in Mathematics, Science and fundamentals of engineering, enabling

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them to apply, to find solutions for engineering problems and use this knowledge to acquire higher education
2. Core Competence
To train the students in Computer science and engineering technologies so that they apply their knowledge and
training to compare, and to analyze various engineering industrial problems to find solutions
3. Breadth

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To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice this enables them to
find solutions for the real time problems in industry, and to design products
4. Professionalism
To inculcate professional and effective communication skills, leadership qualities and team spirit in the students
to make them multi-faceted personalities and develop their ability to relate engineering issues to broader social

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context
5. Lifelong Learning/Ethics
To demonstrate and practice ethical and professional responsibilities in the industry and society in the large,
through commitment and lifelong learning needed for successful professional career

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4

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PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)
a) To demonstrate and apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Electronics and Communication Engineering field
b) To design a component, a system or a process to meet the specific needs within the realistic constraints
such as economics, environment, ethics, health, safety and manufacturability

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c) To demonstrate the competency to use software tools for computation, simulation and testing of electronics and
communication engineering circuits
d) To identify, formulate and solve electronic and communication engineering problems
e) To demonstrate an ability to visualize and work on laboratory and multidisciplinary tasks
f) To function as a member or a leader in multidisciplinary activities

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g) To communicate in verbal and written form with fellow engineers and society at large
h) To understand the impact of Electronics and Communication Engineering in the society and demonstrate awareness
of contemporary issues and commitment to give solutions exhibiting social responsibility
i) To demonstrate professional & ethical responsibilities
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning

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k) To participate and succeed in competitive exams

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5 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

SYLLABUS

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Learn the working of ARM processor
Understand the Building Blocks of Embedded Systems
Learn the concept of memory map and memory interface
Know the characteristics of Real Time Systems
Write programs to interface memory, I/Os with processor

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Study the interrupt performance
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
GRID COMPUTING LAB
Use Globus Toolkit or equivalent and do the following:
1. Develop a new Web Service for Calculator.

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2. Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service.
3. Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service.
4. Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs
5. Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus Toolkit.
6. Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it with and without

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GRAM concept.

CLOUD COMPUTING LAB
Use Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent to set up the cloud and demonstrate.
1. Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines

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COURSE OBJECTIVES


6 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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can be utilized at particular time.
2. Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even
after the release of the virtual machine.
3. Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program.
4. Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other.

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5. Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it.
6. Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster.
7. Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE.
8. Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it.
9. Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits.

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid.
? Design and Implement applications on the Cloud.
? Design network objects by applying the networking concepts.
? Create virtualization concept.
? Design web based applications.

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? Apply cloud tools for resource allocation.
? Apply grid tools for network translation.
? Design private cloud using open stack.
COURSE OUTCOMES

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7


CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
CONTENTS

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Sl. No. Name of the Experiment Page No.
CYCLE 1 ? EXPERIMENTS ( GRID COMPUTING)
1
Develop a new Web Service for Calculator 7
2

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Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service 16
3
Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service 19
4
Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs 22

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5
Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus
Toolkit
25
6

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Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it
with and without GRAM concept
27
CYCLE 2 ? EXPERIMENTS (CLOUD COMPUTING)
1

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Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how
many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
34
2
Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it

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holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
36
3 Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program 39
4
Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to

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the other
42
5 Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it 45
6 Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster 47
7 Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE

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ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS
1 Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it 52
2 Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks 55

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8 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO GRID COMPUTING


GRID TECHNOLOGY

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? Flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and
resource
? Grid architecture
? Defined using services and protocols
? Using the ?sand hourglass? model similar to the TCP/IP protocol stack

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"A computational grid is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides dependable, consistent, pervasive and
inexpensive access to high-end computational capabilities."
Grid computing makes it possible to dynamically share and coordinate dispersed, heterogeneous computing
resources. Flexibility and ubiquity are essential characteristics of Web services technologies such as WSDL (Web

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Services Description Language), SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), and UDDI (Universal Description,
Discovery, and Integration).
The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) combines technologies to unlock and exploit grid-attached resources.
OGSA defines mechanisms to create, manage, and exchange information between Grid Services, a special type of
Web service. The architecture uses WSDL extensively to describe the structure and behavior of a service. Service

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descriptions are located and discovered using Web Services Inspection Language (WSIL). By combining elements
from grid computing and Web services technologies, OGSA establishes an extensible and interoperable design and
development framework for Grid Services that includes details for service definition, discovery, and life-cycle
management.

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9 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


GLOBUS TOOLKIT

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The Globus Toolkit provides software tools to make it easier to build computational grids and grid-based
applications. The Globus Toolkit is both an open architecture and open source toolkit.

? The Globus Toolkit is a product of the Globus Alliance (http://www.globus.org)

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? It is middleware for developing grids
? The current release is 6.0.
? Four key protocols and APIs
? Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI)
? Grid Resource Allocation & Mgmt (GRAM)

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? Grid Resource Information Protocol (GRIP) and Index Information Protocol (GIIP)
? Grid File Transfer Protocol (GridFTP)
? Implementations on many platforms
? Resources, security systems, data models,
? Various collective layer protocols & tools

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? Info services, replica management, etc.
? A basis for many Grid-enabled tools & apps
FTP, SSH, Condor, SRB, MPI, EDG, GridPort,
GLOBUS TOOLKIT? COMPONENTS
? Security

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? GSI ? Grid Security Infrastructure
? Resource Management
? GRAM ? Grid Resource Allocation Manager
o globusrun
o RSL

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o gatekeeper
o job manager
o DUROC ? Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator
? Information Services
? MDS ? Monitoring and Discovery Service

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10 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

o GRIS ? Grid Resource Information Service

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o GIIS ? Grid Index Information Service
o MDS Client
? Data Management
o GridFTP, GASS
The Globus Toolkit latest version 6.0 includes:

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GSI: security
GridFTP: file transfer
GRAM: job execution/resource management
MyProxy: credential repository/certificate authority
GSI-OpenSSH: GSI secure single sign-on remote shell

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11 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

GLOBUS TOOLKIT INSTALLATION PROCEDURE

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Step1: For installing Globus Toolkit nothing more easy than download the latest package:
http://toolkit.globus.org/ftppub/gt6/installers/repo/globus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
sudodpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Step2: Update the repositories: sudo apt-get update
Step3: To install Debian or Ubuntu package, download the globus-toolkit-repo package

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from the link above and install it with the command:
root@sysa63:/home/#dpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Do the following for Debian-based systems:
root@sysa63:/home/#apt-get install globus-data-management-client

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12 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 01: DEVELOP A NEW WEB SERVICE FOR CALCULATOR

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Aim:
Develop a Web Service for new Calculator
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Our first web service is an extremely simple Math Web Service, which we'll refer to asMathService. It will
2. allow users to perform the following operations:
a. Addition

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b. Subtraction
3. Furthermore, MathService will have the following resource properties (RPs for short):
a. Value (integer)
b. Last operation performed (string)
4. We will also add a "Get Value" operation to access the Value RP. Once a new resource is created, the

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"value" RP is initialized to zero, and the "last operation" RP is initialized to "NONE". The parameter is
added/subtracted to the "value" RP, and the "last operation" RP is changed to "ADDITION" or
"SUBTRACTION" accordingly. Also, the addition and subtraction operations don't return anything.
5. Writing and deploying a WSRF Web Service is easier than you might think. You just have to follow five
simple steps.

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6. Define the service's interface. This is done with WSDL
7. Implement the service. This is done with Java.
8. Define the deployment parameters. This is done with WSDD and JNDI
9. Compile everything and generate a GAR file. This is done with Ant
10. Deploy service. This is also done with a GT4 tool

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Sample Code:

_instance"
xmlns ="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"

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xmlns:tns="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/examples/core/MathService_instance"
xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsrp="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-
ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.xsd" xmlns:wsrpw="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-

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13 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.wsdl"
xmlns:wsdlpp="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/2004/10/WSDLPreprocessor"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">

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Result:
Thus the program for developing web service for new calculator was successfully executed.

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14 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid by using Web Service for new Calculator
Applications:

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To make a calculator in Windows application using web service


1) What is Web Service?
2) What are the advantages of web services?

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3) What are the different types of web services?
4) What is SOAP?
5) What are the advantages of SOAP web services?
6) What are the disadvantages of SOAP web services?
7) What is WSDL?

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8) What is UDDI?
9) What are RESTful web services?
10) What are the advantages of RESTful web services?
11) What is the difference between SOAP and REST web services?
12) What is SOA service architecture?

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13) What tools are used to deploy web services?
14) What is Web Service architecture?
15) What are the advantages of web services in globus toolkit?
16) What are the different types of web services?
17) What is SOAP web services?

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18) What is UDP and TCP?
19) What is stateless SOA?
20) What is data balancing in WSDL?
Viva-voce

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15 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 02: DEVELOP NEW OGSA-COMPLIANT WEB SERVICE

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Aim:
To develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid Service using .NET language.
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

1. Developed by the Global Grid Forum
2. Aims to define a common, standard, open architecture for Grid Applications.

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3. Defines a set of rules that make up a grid service.
4. Sharing and Coordinated use of diverse resources in Dynamic VO's

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Result:
Thus the program for developing OGSA- Complaint web service was successfully executed.


16 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid

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Service using .NET language
Applications:
? Sharing of information among diverse components of large heterogenous grid systems
? WAN

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1. How would you decide what style of Web Service to use? SOAP WS or REST?
2. Does the service expose data or business logic?
3. Do consumers and the service providers require a formal contract?

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4. Do we need to support multiple data formats?
5. Do we need to make AJAX calls?
6. Is the call synchronous or asynchronous?
7. What level of security is required?
8. What level of transaction support is required?

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9. Do we have limited band width?
10. What tools do you use to test your Web Services?
11. What is the difference between SOA and a Web service?
12. What is a microservice architecture (aka MSA)?
13. What is data integrity?

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14. What is cloud infrastructure?


Viva-voce

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17 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 03: USING APACHE AXIS DEVELOP A GRID SERVICE

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Aim:
To develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Creating the New Level in the Package
2. Edit the Configuration Files
3. Modify the Service Code

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4. Modify the Client
5. Compile and Deploy
6. Starting the Container
7. Compile the Client
8. Run the Client

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18 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:
Addition was successful
Subtraction was successful
Multiplication was successful

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Division was successful
Current value: 20.

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Result:
Thus the program for Grid Service using Apache Axis was successfully executed.

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19 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Applications:
? To create web service in Java
? To work with Globus Tool kit standards web service

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1. What are the different application integration styles?
2. What is Grid Computing?
3. What is QOS?

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4. What are the derivatives of grid computing?
5. What are the features of data grids?
6. What is load balancing?
7. What is grid infrastructure?
8. Define ? Distributed Computing.

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9. Define ? OSGI.
10. Define ? OSGA.
11. What is the use of API?s in cloud services?
12. What is the difference between cloud and grid?
13. What is data communication?

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14. What are the elements of data communication?

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Viva-voce


20 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 04: DEVELOP APPLICATIONS USING JAVA OR C/C++ GRID
APIS
Aim:
To develop an application in Java using Grid APIs

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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1. Import all the necessary java packages and name the file as GridLayoutDemo.java
2. Set up components to preferred size
3. Add buttons to experiment with Grid Layout
4. Add controls to set up horizontal and vertical gaps
5. Process the Apply gaps button press

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6. Create the GUI
7. Create and set up the window,Set up the content pane and Display the Window
8. Schedule a job for the event dispatch thread
9. Show the application's GUI

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21 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:

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Figure 1: Horizontal, Left-to-Right Figure 2: Horizontal, Right-to-Left

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Result:
Thus the program to develop an application in java using Grid APIs was successfully executed.

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22 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Applications:
Used for defining a application programme interface for common distributes computing functionality

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1) Describe the two most important advantages of using Distributed/Grid Computing.
2) What is the main function of DNS?
3) Briefly outline two applications of Public Key systems.
4) Provide one major difference between synchronous and asynchronous communication.

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5) Provide one major difference between ASCII and Unicode encodings.
6) Provide two major differences between sequential computing and parallel computing.
7) Write the any three Grid Applications.
8) Give the examples of Hardware service provider.
9) Give the example of software application ASP.

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10) What are grid portals? Give example.
11) What are the high level services including in existing globus tool kit?
12) Name the components available in Nimrod architecture?
13) What are the major objectives of Euro grid project?
14) What is the application specific work packages identified for the Euro grid?

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15) Define dynamic accounting system.

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Viva-voce


23 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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EX.NO. 05: DEVELOP SECURED APPLICATIONS USING BASIC
SECURITY MECHANISMS AVAILABLE IN GLOBUS TOOLKIT.
Aim:
To develop a secured applications using a basic security mechanisms available in Globus toolkit
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
The Globus Toolkit incorporates multiple security components that establish the identity of users or services

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(authentication), protect communications, and determine who is allowed to perform what actions (authorization), as
well as manage user credentials.
? GSI C: The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and
certificate management.
? MyProxy: MyProxy is open source software for managing X.509 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) security

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credentials (certificates and private keys).
? GSI-OpenSSH: GSI-OpenSSH is a modified version of OpenSSH that adds support for X.509 proxy
certificate authentication and delegation, providing a single sign-on remote login and file transfer service.
The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and certificate
management. The authentication API is built using Public KeyInfrastructure (PKI) technologies, e.g. X.509

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Certificates and TLS. In addition to authentication it features a delegation mechanism based upon X.509 Proxy
Certificates. Authorization support takes the form of a couple of APIs. The first provides a generic authorization API
that allows callouts to perform access control based on the client's credentials (i.e. the X.509 certificate chain). The
second provides a simple access control list that maps authorized remote entities to local (system) user names. The
second mechanism also provides callouts that allow third parties to override the default behavior and is currently

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used in the Gatekeeper and GridFTP servers. In addition to the above there are various lower level APIs and tools
for managing, discovering and querying certificates.
Components for Grid Security
1. Basic Security Mechanisms
2. Components for Credential Generation

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3. Components for Credential Management


24 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Beyond verifying the identities of users and services, basic Grid security mechanisms leave access control decisions
to services. The Grid community has developed authorization and access control tools for storing and providing
access to system-wide authorization information and for creating a central data store for supporting decentralized
control mechanisms.
Basic Security Mechanisms

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? Pre-Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A non-Web services implementation of the Grid
Security Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI
mechanisms
? Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A Web services implementation of the Grid Security
Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI mechanisms

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Result:
Thus the program to develop a security application available in Globus toolkit was successfully executed.
Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a secured applications using a basic security
mechanisms available in Globus toolkit

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25 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Applications:
To provide easy acces to best breed open source network security

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1. What are the collective services available in grid computing?
2. What are the basic principles of autonomous computing?
3. What are the four essential characteristics of on demand business?
4. What are the essential capabilities provided by on demand business?

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5. What are the two most important technologies for building semantic webs?
6. Define Peer to Peer computing?
7. What is the combination of Globus GT3 toolkit?
8. What is a GT3 core?
9. What are the components available in service model?

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10. Define WS-Trust
11. Define WS ?Federation
12. Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
13. Who are the actors in CDC?
14. Mention the scenarios in CDC?

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15. What are the functional requirements of CDC on OGSA?

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Viva-voce


26 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 06: DEVELOP A GRID PORTAL, WHERE USER CAN SUBMIT
A JOB AND GET THE RESULT, IMPLEMENT IT WITH AND WITHOUT
GRAM CONCEPT.
Aim:
To develop a Grid portal and implement it with and without GRAM concept

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
Multiple times that the likely user interface to grid applications will be through portals, specifically Web portals. A grid
portal may be constructed as a Web page interface to provide easy access to grid applications. The Web user
interface provides user authentication, job submission, job monitoring, and results of the job.
Globus Resource Allocation Manager (GRAM)

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When a job is submitted by a client, the request is sent to the remote host and handled by a gatekeeper daemon.
The gatekeeper creates a job manager to start and monitor the job. When the job is finished, the job manager
sends the status information back to the client and terminates.
The GRAM subsystem consists of the following elements:
? The globusrun command and associated APIs Resource Specification Language (RSL)

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? The gatekeeper daemon The job manager Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator (DUROC)
Each of these elements are described briefly below.
The globusrun command
The globusrun command (or its equivalent API) submits a job to a resource within the grid. This command
is typically passed an RSL string (see below) that specifies parameters and other properties required to successfully

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launch and run the job


27 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Resource Specification Language (RSL)
RSL is a language used by clients to specify the job to be run. All job submission requests are described in an RSL
string that includes information such as the executable file; its parameters; information about redirection of stdin,
stdout, and stderr; and so on. Basically it provides a standard way of specifying all of the information required to
execute a job, independent of the target environment. It is then the responsibility of the job manager on the target

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system to parse the information and launch the job in the appropriate way.
The syntax of RSL is very straightforward. Each statement is enclosed within parenthesis. Comments are
designated with parenthesis and asterisks, for example, (* this is a comment *). Supported attributes include the
following:
rsl_substitution: Defines variables

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executable: The script or command to be run
arguments: Information or flags to be passed to the executable
stdin: Specifies the remote URL and local file used for the executable stdout: Specifies the remote file to place
standard output from the job stderr: Specifies the remote file to place standard error from the job queue: Specifies the
queue to submit the job (requires a scheduler) count: Specifies the number of executions

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directory: Specifies the directory to run the job
project: Specifies a project account for the job (requires a scheduler) dryRun: Verifies the RSL string but
does not run the job
maxMemory: Specifies the maximum amount of memory in MBs required for the job
minMemory: Specifies the minimum amount of memory in MBs required for the job

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hostCount: Specifies the number of nodes in a cluster required for the job environment: Specifies environment
variables that are required for the job
jobType: Specifies the type of job single process, multi-process, mpi, or condor
maxTime: Specifies the maximum execution wall or cpu time for one execution
maxWallTime: Specifies the maximum walltime for one execution maxCpuTime: Specifies the maximum

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cpu time for one execution
gramMyjob: Specifies the whether the gram myjob interface starts one process/thread (independent) or more
(collective)

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Result:
Thus the program to develop Grid Portal was successfully executed.

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29 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid portal and implement it with and
without GRAM concept
Application:
? It is useful and necessary for interfaces for the performance of operations on the Grid. The Grid

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Portal Development Kit (GPDK) facilitates the development of Grid portals and provides several key
reusable components for accessing various Grid services.
? A Grid Portal provides a customizable interface allowing scientists to perform a variety of Grid
operations including remote program submission, file staging, and querying of information services
from a single, secure gateway.

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? The Grid Portal Development Kit leverages off existing Globus/Grid middleware infrastructure as
well as commodity web technology including Java Server Pages and servlets .

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1) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?
2) What are the major goals of OGSA?
3) What are the more specific goals of OGSA?
4) What are the main purposes of use case defined by OGSA?
5) Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?

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6) What are the layers available in OGSA architectural organizations?
7) What are the OGSA basic services?
8) What are the two aspects involved in GRAM?
9) What are the two kinds of lifecycle model associated with state data recovery?
10) What is a GT3 core?

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11) What are the major components of default server side framework?
12) What is Grid container?
13) What are the two levels of security available in GT3?
14) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?
15) What are the two different message-level authentication mechanisms provided by GT3 framework?

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16) What are the most common GT3 security handlers?
Viva-voce


30 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO CLOUD COMPUTING

What is cloud computing?
Cloud computing means that instead of all the computer hardware and software you're using sitting on your

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desktop, or somewhere inside your company's network, it's provided for you as a service by another company and
accessed over the Internet, usually in a completely seamless way. Exactly where the hardware and software is
located and how it all works doesn't matter to you, the user?it's just somewhere up in the nebulous "cloud" that the
Internet represents.
Cloud computing is a buzzword that means different things to different people. For some, it's just another way of

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describing IT (information technology) "outsourcing"; others use it to mean any computing service provided over the
Internet or a similar network; and some define it as any bought-in computer service you use that sits outside your
firewall.
Types of cloud computing
IT people talk about three different kinds of cloud computing, where different services are being provided for you.

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Note that there's a certain amount of vagueness about how these things are defined and some overlap between
them.
? Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) means you're buying access to raw computing hardware over the Net,
such as servers or storage. Since you buy what you need and pay-as-you-go, this is often referred to as
utility computing. Ordinary web hosting is a simple example of IaaS: you pay a monthly subscription or a

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per-megabyte/gigabyte fee to have a hosting company serve up files for your website from their servers.
? Software as a Service (SaaS) means you use a complete application running on someone else's system.
Web-based email and Google Documents are perhaps the best-known examples. Zoho is another well-
known SaaS provider offering a variety of office applications online.
? Platform as a Service (PaaS) means you develop applications using Web-based tools so they run on

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systems software and hardware provided by another company. So, for example, you might develop your
own ecommerce website but have the whole thing, including the shopping cart, checkout, and payment
mechanism running on a merchant's server. App Cloud (from salesforce.com) and the Google App Engine
are examples of PaaS.
Advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing

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Advantages
The pros of cloud computing are obvious and compelling. If your business is selling books or repairing shoes,
why get involved in the nitty gritty of buying and maintaining a complex computer system? If you run an insurance
office, do you really want your sales agents wasting time running anti-virus software, upgrading word-processors, or
worrying about hard-drive crashes? Do you really want them cluttering your expensive computers with their personal

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emails, illegally shared MP3 files, and naughty YouTube videos?when you could leave that responsibility to

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someone else? Cloud computing allows you to buy in only the services you want, when you want them, cutting the
upfront capital costs of computers and peripherals. You avoid equipment going out of date and other familiar IT
problems like ensuring system security and reliability. You can add extra services (or take them away) at a moment's
notice as your business needs change. It's really quick and easy to add new applications or services to your
business without waiting weeks or months for the new computer (and its software) to arrive.

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Drawbacks
Instant convenience comes at a price. Instead of purchasing computers and software, cloud computing means you
buy services, so one-off, upfront capital costs become ongoing operating costs instead. That might work out much
more expensive in the long-term.
If you're using software as a service (for example, writing a report using an online word processor or sending emails

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through webmail), you need a reliable, high-speed, broadband Internet connection functioning the whole time you're
working. That's something we take for granted in countries such as the United States, but it's much more of an issue
in developing countries or rural areas where broadband is unavailable.
An Introduction to Cloud Computing with OpenNebula
An OpenNebula Private Cloud provides infrastructure users with an elastic platform for fast delivery and scalability of

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services to meet dynamic demands of service end-users. Services are hosted in VMs, and then submitted,
monitored and controlled in the Cloud by using Sunstone or any of the OpenNebula interfaces:
? Command Line Interface (CLI)
? XML-RPC API
? OpenNebulaRuby and Java Cloud APIs

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The aim of a Private Cloud is not to expose to the world a cloud interface to sell capacity over the Internet, but to
provide local cloud users and administrators with a flexible and agile private infrastructure to run virtualized service
workloads within the administrative domain. OpenNebula virtual infrastructure interfaces expose user and
administrator functionality for virtualization, networking, image and physical resource configuration, management,
monitoring and accounting.

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Expt.No.1: FIND PROCEDURE TO RUN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE OF

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DIFFERENT CONFIGURATION. CHECK HOW MANY VIRTUAL
MACHINES CAN BE UTILIZED AT PARTICULAR TIME.

Aim:
To Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be

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utilized at particular time
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:

Creating Virtual Machines
In OpenNebula the Virtual Machines are defined with Template files. The Template Repository system allows
OpenNebula administrators and users to register Virtual Machine definitions in the system, to be instantiated later as

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Virtual Machine instances. These Templates can be instantiated several times, and also shared with other users.
Virtual Machine Model
A Virtual Machine within the OpenNebula system consists of:
? A capacity in terms memory and CPU
? A set of NICs attached to one or more virtual networks

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? A set of disk images
? A state file (optional) or recovery file, that contains the memory image of a running VM plus some hypervisor
specific information.
The above items, plus some additional VM attributes like the OS kernel and context information to be used inside the
VM, are specified in a template file.

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Defining a VM in 3 Steps
Virtual Machines are defined in an OpenNebula Template. Templates are stored in a repository to easily browse and
instantiate VMs from them. To create a new Template you have to define 3 things

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? Capacity & Name, how big will the VM be?
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
NAME Name that the VM will get for description purposes. Yes one-

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MEMORY Amount of RAM required for the VM, in Megabytes. Yes
CPU CPU ratio (e..g half a physical CPU is 0.5). Yes
VCPU Number of virtual cpus. No 1
Disks. Each disk is defined with a DISK attribute. A VM can use three types of disk:
? Use a persistent Image changes to the disk image will persist after the VM is shutdown.

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? Use a non-persistent Image images are cloned, changes to the image will be lost.
? Volatile disks are created on the fly on the target host. After the VM is shutdown the disk is disposed.

Persistent and Clone Disks
Attribute Description Mandatory Default

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IMAGE_ID and IMAGE The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes
IMAGE_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No self
IMAGE_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No self
Volatile
Attribute Description Mandatory Default

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TYPE
Type of the disk: swap, fs. swap type will set the label to swap so it is
easier to mount and the context packages will automatically mount it.
Yes
SIZE size in MB Yes

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FORMAT
filesystem for fs images: ext2, ext3, etc. raw will not format the image. For
VMs to run on vmfs or vmwareshared configurations, the valid values are:
Yes

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34 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Attribute Description Mandatory Default
vmdk_thin, vmdk_zeroedthick, vmdk_eagerzeroedthick

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Network Interfaces. Each network interface of a VM is defined with the NIC attribute.
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
NETWORK_ID and NETWORK The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes
NETWORK_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No Self

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NETWORK_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No Self

The following example shows a VM Template file with a couple of disks and a network interface, also a VNC section
was added.
NAME = test-vm

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MEMORY = 128
CPU = 1

DISK = [ IMAGE = "Arch Linux" ]
DISK = [ TYPE = swap,

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SIZE = 1024 ]

NIC = [ NETWORK = "Public", NETWORK_UNAME="oneadmin" ]

GRAPHICS = [

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TYPE = "vnc",
LISTEN = "0.0.0.0"]
Simple templates can be also created using the command line instead of creating a template file. The parameters to
do this for onetemplate are:

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Parameter

Description
--namename Name for the VM
--cpucpu CPU percentage reserved for the VM (1=100% one CPU)

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35 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Parameter

Description
--vcpuvcpu Number of virtualized CPUs
--archarch Architecture of the VM, e.g.: i386 or x86_64

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--memorymemory Memory ammount given to the VM
--diskdisk0,disk1 Disks to attach. To use a disk owned by other user use user[disk]
--nicvnet0,vnet1 Networks to attach. To use a network owned by other user use user[network]
--rawstring
Raw string to add to the template. Not to be confused with the RAW attribute. If you want

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to provide more than one element, just include an enter inside quotes, instead of using
more than one -raw option
--vnc Add VNC server to the VM
--ssh[file]
Add an ssh public key to the context. If the file is omited then the user variable

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SSH_PUBLIC_KEY will be used.
--net_context Add network contextualization parameters
--contextline1,line2 * Lines to add to the context section
--bootdevice Select boot device (hd, fd, cdrom or network)
A similar template as the previous example can be created with the following command:

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$ onetemplate create --name test-vm --memory 128 --cpu 1 --disk "Arch Linux" --nic Public
Managing Virtual Machines
Assuming we have a VM Template registered called vm-example with ID 6, then we can instantiate the VM issuing
a:
$ onetemplate list

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ID USER GROUP NAME REGTIME
6 oneadminoneadminvm_example 09/28 06:44:07

$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm

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36 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

VM ID: 0

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If the template has USER INPUTSdefined the CLI will prompt the user for these values:
$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm

There are some parameters that require user input.

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* (BLOG_TITLE) Blog Title:
* (DB_PASSWORD) Database Password:
VM ID: 0
Afterwards, the VM can be listed with the onevmlist command. You can also use the onevmtop command to list VMs
continuously.

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$ onevm list

ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME
0 oneadminoneadminmy_vm pend 0 0K 00 00:00:03
After a Scheduling cycle, the VM will be automatically deployed. But the deployment can also be forced by oneadmin

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using onevmdeploy:
$ onehost list

ID NAME RVM TCPU FCPU ACPU TMEM FMEM AMEM STAT
2 testbed 0 800 800 800 16G 16G16G on

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$ onevm deploy 0 2

$ onevm list

ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME

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0 oneadminoneadminmy_vmrunn 0 0K testbed 00 00:02:40

$ onevm show 0
VIRTUAL MACHINE 0 INFORMATION
ID :0

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NAME : my_vm
USER : oneadmin
GROUP : oneadmin

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37 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

STATE : ACTIVE
LCM_STATE : RUNNING
START TIME : 04/14 09:00:24

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END TIME : -
DEPLOY ID: : one-0
PERMISSIONS
OWNER : um-
GROUP : ---

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OTHER : ---
VIRTUAL MACHINE MONITORING
NET_TX : 13.05
NET_RX : 0
USED MEMORY : 512

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USED CPU : 0
VIRTUAL MACHINE TEMPLATE
VIRTUAL MACHINE HISTORY

SEQ HOSTNAME REASON START TIME PTIME

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0 testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00
testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00

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38 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to run virtual machines on different configuration was successfully executed & its utilization time is

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checked in various machines.


39 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find procedure to run the virtual machine of different
Configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time

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Applications:
? An advantage of virtualizing the workload?s I/O path enables hardware independence by
abstracting vendor specific drivers to more generalized versions that run on the hypervisor.
? It allows the live migration, which is one of virtualization?s greatest availability strengths
? The sharing of aggregate resources, such as network paths

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1. What is cloud computing?
2. What are the benefits of cloud computing?

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3. What are the different data types used in cloud computing?
4. What are the different layers in cloud computing?
5. What do you mean by software as a service?
6. What is on-demand functionality? How is it provided in cloud computing?
7. What are the platforms used for large scale cloud computing?

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8. What are the different models for deployment in cloud computing?
9. What is the difference between cloud computing and mobile computing?
10. What are the open source cloud computing platform databases?
11. What is the difference between cloud and traditional datacenters?
12. Why API's is used in cloud services?

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13. What are the different datacenters in cloud computing?
14. Define API in data virtualization?
15. List of API in cloud?
Viva-voce

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40 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No.02: FIND PROCEDURE TO ATTACH VIRTUAL BLOCK TO
THE VIRTUAL MACHINE AND CHECK WHETHER IT HOLDS THE

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DATA EVEN AFTER THE RELEASE OF THE VIRTUAL MACHINE.
Aim:
To find a procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even after the
release of the virtual machine

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
VirtualBox uses a special kernel module called vboxdrv to perform physical memory allocation and to gain control of
the processor for guest system execution. Without this kernel module, you can still use the VirtualBox manager to
configure virtual machines, but they will not start. In addition, there are the network kernel modules vboxnetflt and

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vboxnetadp which are required for the more advanced networking features of VirtualBox.
The VirtualBox kernel module is automatically installed on your system when you install VirtualBox. To
maintain it with future kernel updates, for those Linux distributions which provide it -- most current ones -- we
recommend installing Dynamic Kernel Module Support (DKMS). This framework helps with building and upgrading
kernel modules.

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If DKMS is not already installed, execute one of the following:
On an Ubuntu system:
sudo apt-get install dkms
If DKMS is available and installed, the VirtualBox kernel module should always work automatically, and it will be
automatically rebuilt if your host kernel is updated.

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Otherwise, there are only two situations in which you will need to worry about the kernel module:
1. The original installation fails. This probably means that your Linux system is not prepared for building
external kernel modules.

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41 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Most Linux distributions can be set up simply by installing the right packages - normally, these will be the
GNU compiler (GCC), GNU Make (make) and packages containing header files for your kernel - and making
sure that all system updates are installed and that the system is running the most up-to-date kernel included

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in the distribution. The version numbers of the header file packages must be the same as that of the kernel
you are using.
? With Debian and Ubuntu releases, you must install the right version of the linux-headers and if it exists
the linux-kbuild package. Current Ubuntu releases should have the right packages installed by default.
? In even older Debian and Ubuntu releases, you must install the right version of the kernel-headers

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package.
? On Fedora and Redhat systems, the package is kernel-devel.
? On SUSE and openSUSE Linux, you must install the right versions of the kernel-source and kernel-syms
packages.
? If you have built your own kernel, you will need to make sure that you also installed all the required

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header and other files for building external modules to the right locations. The details of how to do
this will depend on how you built your kernel, and if you are unsure you should consult the
documentation which you followed to do so.
2. The kernel of your Linux host was updated and DKMS is not installed. In that case, the kernel module will
need to be reinstalled by executing (as root):

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rcvboxdrv setup
Performing the installation
VirtualBox is available in a number of package formats native to various common Linux distributions. In addition,
there is an alternative generic installer (.run) which should work on most Linux distributions.
Installing VirtualBox from a Debian/Ubuntu package

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First, download the appropriate package for your distribution. The following examples assume that you are installing
to a 32-bit Ubuntu Wily system. Use dpkg to install the Debian package:
sudodpkg -i virtualbox-5.0_5.0.20_Ubuntu_wily_i386.deb
The installer will also try to build kernel modules suitable for the current running kernel. If the build process is not
successful you will be shown a warning and the package will be left unconfigured. Please have a look at /var/log/vbox-

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install.log to find out why the compilation failed. You may have to install the appropriate Linux kernel After correcting
any problems, do


42 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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sudorcvboxdrv setup
This will start a second attempt to build the module.
If a suitable kernel module was found in the package or the module was successfully built, the installation script will
attempt to load that module.

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Once VirtualBox has been successfully installed and configured, you can start it by selecting "VirtualBox" in your
start menu or from the command line.
Using the alternative installer (VirtualBox.run)
The alternative installer performs the following steps:
? It unpacks the application files to the target directory,

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/opt/VirtualBox/
which cannot be changed.
? It builds the VirtualBox kernel modules (vboxdrv, vboxnetflt and vboxnetadp) and installs them.
? It creates /sbin/rcvboxdrv, an init script to start the VirtualBox kernel module.
? It creates a new system group called vboxusers.

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? It creates symbolic links in /usr/bin to the a shell script (/opt/VirtualBox/VBox) which does some sanity checks
and dispatches to the actual executables, VirtualBox, VBoxSDL, VBoxVRDP, VBoxHeadless and VBoxManage
? It creates /etc/udev/rules.d/60-vboxdrv.rules, a description file for udev, if that is present, which makes the USB
devices accessible to all users in the vboxusers group.
? It writes the installation directory to /etc/vbox/vbox.cfg.

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The installer must be executed as root with either install or uninstall as the first parameter.
sudo ./VirtualBox.run install
Or if you do not have the "sudo" command available, run the following as root instead:
./VirtualBox.run install

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43 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

After that you need to put every user which should be able to access USB devices from VirtualBox guests in the
group vboxusers, either through the GUI user management tools or by running the following command as root:

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sudousermod -a -G vboxusers username
Performing a manual installation
If, for any reason, you cannot use the shell script installer described previously, you can also perform a manual
installation. Invoke the installer like this:
./VirtualBox.run --keep --noexec

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This will unpack all the files needed for installation in the directory install under the current directory. The VirtualBox
application files are contained in VirtualBox.tar.bz2 which you can unpack to any directory on your system. For
example:
sudomkdir /opt/VirtualBox
sudo tar jxf ./install/VirtualBox.tar.bz2 -C /opt/VirtualBox

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or as root:
mkdir /opt/VirtualBox
tarjxf ./install/VirtualBox.tar.bz2 -C /opt/VirtualBox
The sources for VirtualBox's kernel module are provided in the src directory. To build the module, change to the
directory and issuemake

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If everything builds correctly, issue the following command to install the module to the appropriate module directory:
sudo make install
In case you do not have sudo, switch the user account to root and performmake install
The VirtualBox kernel module needs a device node to operate. The above make command will tell you how to create
the device node, depending on your Linux system. The procedure is slightly different for a classical Linux setup with

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a /dev directory, a system with the now deprecated devfs and a modern Linux system with udev.
Note that the /dev/vboxdrv kernel module device node must be owned by root:root and must be read/writable only for
the user.Next, you will have to install the system initialization script for the kernel module:
cp /opt/VirtualBox/vboxdrv.sh /sbin/rcvboxdrv
mkdir /etc/vbox

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echo INSTALL_DIR=/opt/VirtualBox> /etc/vbox/vbox.cfg


44 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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and, for convenience, create the following symbolic links:
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VirtualBox
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxManage
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxHeadless
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxSDL

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Sample Output:

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Result:
Thus the program to attach virtual block to virtual machine was successfully executed & checked whether it holds the
data after the release of the virtual machine.

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45 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find a procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual
machine and check whether it holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
Application:

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? To support the Cloud Computing with the Virtual Block Store System. The fast development of cloud
computing systems stimulates the needs for a standalone block storage system to provide persistent
block storage services to virtual machines maintained by clouds.

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1. What is Type-1 and Type-2 hypervisor?
2. What is the use of virsh command?
3. Explain how you can transfer volume from one owner to another in Open Stack?
4. Discuss about KVM Features?

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5. What is Virtual block?
6. What is Virtualization?
7. What are virtual clusters?
8. How virtualization happens in data center?
9. List some of the open source grid middleware packages.

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10. What is a programming model?
11. What is Hadoop?
12. What are map and reduce functions?
13. How to run a job in hadoop?
14. What is HDFS?

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15. What are the open source grid middleware packages?
16. What is peer to peer computing?
17. What are node clusters?
18. How virtual migration happens in data center?
Viva-voce

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46 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No.03: INSTALL A C COMPILER IN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE AND

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EXECUTE A SAMPLE PROGRAM.
Aim:
To Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Create a VM and Install any OS on it.
2.Install a C compiler on OS

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3.Open a Editor and type the sample program and Save.
4.Compile and run the Program
Example:
C programming on Linux based Environement

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1. Open Terminal (Applications-Accessories-Terminal)
2. Open gedit by typing ?gedit&? on terminal(You can also use any other Text Editor application)
3. Type the following on gedit
(or any other text editor)
#include

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main()
{
printf("Hello World\n");
}
Save this file as

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?helloworld. C?
5. Type ?ls? on Terminal to see all files under current folder
6. Confirm that ?helloworld.c? is in the current directory.
If not, type cd DIRECTORY_PATH to go to the
directory that has ?helloworld.c?

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7. Type ?gcchelloworld.c? to compile, and type ?ls? to
confirm that a new executable file ?a.out? is created
8. Type ?./a.out? on Terminal to run the program

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47 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to install a C complier is done and the sample program was executed successfully.

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48 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and
execute a sample program
Application:
The application of installing a C compiler in the virtual machine benefits to have a portable executable, for
each platform.

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1. What is the difference between Xen & KVM ?
2. What are different hypervisors available in Linux ?
3. Which command is used to list all virtual machine running on the KVM hypervisor ?
4. What are the different states of a VM in Xen hypervisor ?

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5. How to forcefully shutdown the KVM based virtual machine from the command line ?
6. What is virtual Machine?
7. What is Compiler?
8. What is Directory?
9. List the C Compilers available?

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10. What is virtualization?
11. List out VM operations
12. What are different hypervisors available in windows?
13. How to implement applications on the cloud to install C compiler?
14. What are grid and cloud tools available?

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15. What is hypervisor?
Viva-voce


49 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No.04: SHOW THE VIRTUAL MACHINE MIGRATION BASED ON
THE CERTAIN CONDITION FROM ONE NODE TO THE OTHER.

Aim:

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To Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other

Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos

Procedure:
1.Update source and target virtual machines to latest package versions
To help ensure that platform images between cloud providers are running the same version of key operating system

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packages, update these packages to the latest versions on both source and target virtual machines.
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
2. Install rsync and screen packages on source and target virtual machines
The migration of application packages and files in this process will use rsync over ssh between source and target

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virtual machines. The actual transfer of files between virtual machines can take some time, so I also recommend
using screen so that you can easily re-attach to an in-progress migration session if you are inadvertently
disconnected.
Ensure that rsync and screen packages are installed on both the source and target virtual machines with these
commands:

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sudo apt-get install rsync
sudo apt-get install screen
3. Add a consistent user account to both source and target virtual machines
To facilitate the migration process, ensure that you have a consistent user account configured on both source and
target virtual machines with sudo enabled. The newly provisioned target virtual machines from Task 3 already

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50 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

include a user named azureuser with sudo enabled. To configure this same user on each source virtual machine,

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use the following commands:
sudogroupadd -g 500 azureuser
sudouseradd -u 500 -g 500 -m -s /bin/bash azureuser
sudopasswdazureuser
4. Start a screen session for the migration

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On the source virtual machine, enter a new screen session for the migration by using the following command:
sudo screen -S AzureMigration
If you are disconnected from the source virtual machine during the migration process, you can reconnect to the
detached screen session by using the following command after signing in again to the source virtual machine:
sudo screen -r

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5. Build an exclusion list of directories and files
During the migration, we want to be careful to skip any files that include configuration information relating to the
identity of the source virtual machines, such as IP addresses, hostnames, ssh keys, etc. For the Ubuntu-based
virtual machines that we migrated, we used the following commands on each source virtual machine to build our
list of directories and files to exclude from the migration process:

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EXCLUDEFILE=/tmp/exclude.file
EXCLUDELIST='/boot /etc/fstab /etc/hostname /etc/issue /etc/hosts
/etc/sudoers /etc/networks /etc/network/* /etc/resolv.conf
/etc/ssh/* /etc/sysctl.conf /etc/mtab /etc/udev/rules.d/*
/lock /net /tmp'

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EXCLUDEPATH=$(echo $EXCLUDELIST | sed 's/\ /\\n/g')
echo -e $EXCLUDEPATH > $EXCLUDEFILE
find / -name '*cloud-init*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE
find / -name '*cloud-config*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE
find / -name '*cloud-final*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE

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51 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

The actual list of directories and files that you exclude may vary from this list, based on the Linux distro version,

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packages and applications that you are migrating.
Credits: Kudos to Kevin Carter who wrote a great article a couple years ago that provided a useful starting point for
building a list of directories and files to consider excluding as part of a Linux-to-Linux migration process!
6. Stop applications during migration
To minimize application data changes from occurring during the migration process, stop the related applications and

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daemons on the source virtual machines. The application that we migrated was a web application built using
Apache2, so we simply stopped the related Apache2 daemon.
sudo service stop apache2
7. Migrate the application files and data
From each source virtual machine, migrate application files and data using two rsync passes over ssh. The first

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pass performs the bulk of the data transfer, whereas the second pass uses checksums to confirm that all files were
transferred successfully.
TARGETVM="insert_target_vm_public_ip_address"
rsync -e "ssh" -rlpEAXogDtSzh -P -x ?exclude-from="$EXCLUDEFILE" ?rsync-path="sudorsync" ?
verbose ?progress / azureuser@$TARGETVM:/

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rsync -e "ssh" -crlpEAXogDtSzh -P -x ?exclude-from="$EXCLUDEFILE" ?rsync-path="sudorsync" ?
verbose ?progress / azureuser@$TARGETVM:/
8. Restart each target virtual machine
After both rsync passes have completed, restart each target virtual machine to complete the migration
process.

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sshazureuser@$TARGETVM
shutdown -r now

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52 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to implement migration of virtual machine was executed successfully.

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53 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to Show the virtual machine migration based on the
certain condition from one node to the other
Application:

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? Its easier to migrate a Virtual Machine from one server to another, than migrating the operating
system and application(s) individually.
? Using Virtual Machine Migration, its possible to migrate operating systems and applications from
older servers to newer servers easily and without disrupting the services.

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1. What are the basic requirements of VM live migration in KVM?
2. Which command is used in KVM for VMs live migration?
3. How to get hardware information of KVM guest machine?
4. What is VM migration?
5. Which type of virtualization is also characteristic of cloud computing ?

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6. Which virtualization standard does the WebSphere Application Server Hypervisor Edition use?
7.Which three tools are included in the IBM Rational Jazz Collaborative Application Lifecycle
Management (C/ALM) solution?
8. What are two ways a public cloud helps customers reduce their IT costs?
9.What functionality is provided by the IBM Security Network Intrusion Prevention System Virtual

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Appliance for a cloud environment?
10. What are two important benefits of using cloud computing?
11. What is the value of IBM Security Information and Event Manager in a cloud provider environment?
12. What is the main purpose of an IBM CloudBurst solution?
Viva-voce

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54 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

EX.NO.5: PROCEDURE TO INSTALL STORAGE CONTROLLER AND

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INTERACT WITH IT.
Aim:
Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it

Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:

To install Storage Control, follow these steps.
Ensure that Systems Director 6.3 is installed and running.
Ensure that you are logged in to Systems Director with a user ID that has administrative privileges.

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Windows only: Restart the DB2 Management server.
a) Go to Start >Administrative Tools >Services.
b) Select DB2 Management Service from the services window and restart it.
If you want to download and install Storage Control, go to step 5. If you want to install Storage Control from read-
only media, such as a CD or mounted .iso image, go to step 8.

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From the Systems Director summary page, click the link Try Storage Control in the upper right corner.
A download page opens. Download the appropriate file for your operating system.
7.Extract the files to the directory where you want to install Storage Control, then go to step 9.
8. Copy the Storage Control installer directory from the CD or the mounted .iso image into a temporary directory
close to the system root. For example, /SCInstall for AIX or Linux and C:\SCInstall for Windows.

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9. Access a command window and navigate to the directory where you extracted the files or where you copied
the installer directory. Run the appropriate script. If you do not want the license agreement to display, use the -
ioption when you run the script. For example, StorageControlInstall.sh -i.
Important: If you are not using IBM DB2 managed by Systems Director, then
the DB2 user ID used must have DB2 Administrator privileges.

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On Microsoft Windows systems, run the script StorageControlInstall.bat.


55 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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On Linux and AIX systems, run the script StorageControlInstall.sh.
10. Restart Systems Director as directed.

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Result:
Thus the program to install storage controller was executed successfully.

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56 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find procedure to install storage controller and
interact with it
Application:
A controller offers a level of abstraction between an operating system and the physical drives. A RAID
controller presents groups to applications and operating systems as logical units for which data protection

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schemes can be defined.

1. What is a snapshot?
2. What is Thick Provision Lazy Zeroed?
3. What is Thick Provision Eager Zeroed?

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4. What is Thin Provision?
5. What is VDI?
6. What is storage vMotion?
7. How many virtual CPUs can I use on a Fault Tolerant virtual machine?
8. What is the use of vmware tools?

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9. What happens if vCenter Server is offline when a failover event occurs?
10. What are the monitoring methods used for vSphere HA?
11. What are the roles of a master host in vSphere HA?
12. What is the hardware version used in VMware ESXi 5.5?
13. What is server virtualization?

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14. What is Network Virtualization?
15. What is template?
Viva-Voce

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57 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


EX.NO.6: PROCEDURE TO SET UP ONE HADOOP CLUSTER

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Aim:
To Find a procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
Follow the steps given below to have Hadoop Multi-Node cluster setup.
Installing Java
Java is the main prerequisite for Hadoop. First of all, you should verify the existence of java in your system using

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?java -version?. The syntax of java version command is given below.
$ java-version
If everything works fine it will give you the following output.
java version "1.7.0_71"
Java(TM) SE RuntimeEnvironment(build 1.7.0_71-b13)

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JavaHotSpot(TM)Client VM (build 25.0-b02, mixed mode)
If java is not installed in your system, then follow the given steps for installing java.
1. Download java (JDK - X64.tar.gz) by visiting the following link
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk7-downloads-1880260.html
Then jdk-7u71-linux-x64.tar.gz will be downloaded into your system.

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2. Generally you will find the downloaded java file in Downloads folder. Verify it and extract the jdk-7u71-linux-
x64.gz file using the following commands.
$ cdDownloads/
$ ls
jdk-7u71-Linux-x64.gz

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$ tar zxf jdk-7u71-Linux-x64.gz
$ ls
jdk1.7.0_71 jdk-7u71-Linux-x64.gz

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58 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

3. To make java available to all the users, you have to move it to the location ?/usr/local/?. Open the root, and type
the following commands.
$ su

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password:
# mv jdk1.7.0_71 /usr/local/
# exit
4. For setting up PATH and JAVA_HOME variables, add the following commands to ~/.bashrc file.
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.7.0_71

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export PATH=PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
Now verify the java -version command from the terminal as explained above. Follow the above process and install
java in all your cluster nodes.
Creating User Account
Create a system user account on both master and slave systems to use the Hadoop installation.

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# useraddhadoop
# passwdhadoop
Mapping the nodes
You have to edit hosts file in /etc/ folder on all nodes, specify the IP address of each system followed by their host
names.

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# vi /etc/hosts
enter the following lines in the /etc/hosts file.
192.168.1.109hadoop-master
192.168.1.145 hadoop-slave-1
192.168.56.1 hadoop-slave-2

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Configuring Key Based Login
Setup ssh in every node such that they can communicate with one another without any prompt for password.
# suhadoop
$ ssh-keygen-t rsa
$ ssh-copy-id-i~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub tutorialspoint@hadoop-master

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$ ssh-copy-id-i~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop_tp1@hadoop-slave-1
$ ssh-copy-id-i~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop_tp2@hadoop-slave-2
$ chmod0600~/.ssh/authorized_keys
$ exit
Installing Hadoop

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In the Master server, download and install Hadoop using the following commands.
# mkdir /opt/hadoop
# cd /opt/hadoop/
# wget http://apache.mesi.com.ar/hadoop/common/hadoop-1.2.1/hadoop-1.2.0.tar.gz
# tar -xzf hadoop-1.2.0.tar.gz

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# mv hadoop-1.2.0 hadoop


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# chown -R hadoop /opt/hadoop
# cd /opt/hadoop/hadoop/
Configuring Hadoop
You have to configure Hadoop server by making the following changes as given below.
core-site.xml

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Open the core-site.xml file and edit it as shown below.


fs.default.name

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hdfs://hadoop-master:9000/


dfs.permissions
false

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hdfs-site.xml
Open the hdfs-site.xml file and edit it as shown below.

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dfs.data.dir
/opt/hadoop/hadoop/dfs/name/data
true

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dfs.name.dir
/opt/hadoop/hadoop/dfs/name
true

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dfs.replication
1

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mapred-site.xml
Open the mapred-site.xml file and edit it as shown below.

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mapred.job.tracker
hadoop-master:9001


hadoop-env.sh

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Open the hadoop-env.sh file and edit JAVA_HOME, HADOOP_CONF_DIR, and HADOOP_OPTS as shown below.
Note: Set the JAVA_HOME as per your system configuration.
export JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk1.7.0_17 export HADOOP_OPTS=-Djava.net.preferIPv4Stack=trueexport
HADOOP_CONF_DIR=/opt/hadoop/hadoop/conf
Installing Hadoop on Slave Servers

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Install Hadoop on all the slave servers by following the given commands.
# suhadoop
$ cd/opt/hadoop
$ scp-r hadoop hadoop-slave-1:/opt/hadoop
$ scp-r hadoop hadoop-slave-2:/opt/hadoop

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Configuring Hadoop on Master Server
Open the master server and configure it by following the given commands.
# suhadoop
$ cd/opt/hadoop/hadoop
Configuring Master Node

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$ vietc/hadoop/masters
hadoop-master
Configuring Slave Node
$ vietc/hadoop/slaves
hadoop-slave-1

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hadoop-slave-2
Format Name Node on Hadoop Master
# suhadoop
$ cd/opt/hadoop/hadoop
$ bin/hadoopnamenode?format

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11/10/1410:58:07 INFO namenode.NameNode:
STARTUP_MSG:/************************************************************
STARTUP_MSG: Starting NameNode
STARTUP_MSG: host = hadoop-master/192.168.1.109
STARTUP_MSG: args = [-format]

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STARTUP_MSG: version = 1.2.0
STARTUP_MSG: build = https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/hadoop/common/branches/branch-1.2 -r 1479473;
compiled by 'hortonfo' on Mon May 6 06:59:37 UTC 2013

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STARTUP_MSG: java = 1.7.0_71 ************************************************************/11/10/1410:58:08 INFO
util.GSet:Computing capacity for map BlocksMapeditlog=/opt/hadoop/hadoop/dfs/name/current/edits
?.

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?.
?.11/10/1410:58:08 INFO common.Storage:Storage directory
/opt/hadoop/hadoop/dfs/name has been successfully formatted.11/10/1410:58:08 INFO namenode.NameNode:
SHUTDOWN_MSG:/************************************************************ SHUTDOWN_MSG: Shutting down
NameNode at hadoop-master/192.168.1.15 ************************************************************/

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Starting Hadoop Services
The following command is to start all the Hadoop services on the Hadoop-Master.
$ cd $HADOOP_HOME/sbin
$ start-all.sh
Adding a New DataNode in the Hadoop Cluster

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Given below are the steps to be followed for adding new nodes to a Hadoop cluster.
Networking
Add new nodes to an existing Hadoop cluster with some appropriate network configuration. Assume the following
network configuration.
For New node Configuration:

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IP address :192.168.1.103
netmask:255.255.255.0
hostname : slave3.in
Adding User and SSH Access
Add a User

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On a new node, add "hadoop" user and set password of Hadoop user to "hadoop123" or anything you want by using
the following commands.
useraddhadoop
passwdhadoop
Setup Password less connectivity from master to new slave.

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Execute the following on the master
mkdir-p $HOME/.ssh
chmod700 $HOME/.ssh
ssh-keygen-t rsa-P ''-f $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa
cat $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys

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chmod644 $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys
Copy the public key to new slave node inhadoop user $HOME directory
scp $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop@192.168.1.103:/home/hadoop/
Execute the following on the slaves
Login to hadoop. If not, login to hadoop user.

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suhadoopssh-X hadoop@192.168.1.103

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Copy the content of public key into file "$HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys" and then change the permission for the
same by executing the following commands.
cd $HOME
mkdir-p $HOME/.ssh
chmod700 $HOME/.ssh

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cat id_rsa.pub >>$HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys
chmod644 $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys
Check ssh login from the master machine. Now check if you can ssh to the new node without a password from the
master.
ssh hadoop@192.168.1.103or hadoop@slave3

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Set Hostname of New Node
You can set hostname in file /etc/sysconfig/network
Onnew slave3 machine
NETWORKING=yes
HOSTNAME=slave3.in

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To make the changes effective, either restart the machine or run hostname command to a new machine with the
respective hostname (restart is a good option).
On slave3 node machine:
hostname slave3.in
Update /etc/hosts on all machines of the cluster with the following lines:

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192.168.1.102 slave3.in slave3
Now try to ping the machine with hostnames to check whether it is resolving to IP or not.
On new node machine:
ping master.in
Start the DataNode on New Node

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Start the datanode daemon manually using $HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoop-daemon.sh script. It will automatically
contact the master (NameNode) and join the cluster. We should also add the new node to the conf/slaves file in the
master server. The script-based commands will recognize the new node.
Login to new node
suhadooporssh-X hadoop@192.168.1.103

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Start HDFS on a newly added slave node by using the following command
./bin/hadoop-daemon.sh start datanode


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Check the output of jps command on a new node. It looks as follows.
$ jps
7141DataNode
10312Jps

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Removing a DataNode from the Hadoop Cluster
We can remove a node from a cluster on the fly, while it is running, without any data loss. HDFS provides a
decommissioning feature, which ensures that removing a node is performed safely. To use it, follow the steps as
given below:
1. Login to master

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Login to master machine user where Hadoop is installed.
$ suhadoop
2 Change cluster configuration
An exclude file must be configured before starting the cluster. Add a key named dfs.hosts.exclude to our
$HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml file. The value associated with this key provides the full path to a file

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on the NameNode's local file system which contains a list of machines which are not permitted to connect to HDFS.
For example, add these lines to etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml file.

dfs.hosts.exclude
/home/hadoop/hadoop-1.2.1/hdfs_exclude.txt

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DFS exclude

3. Determine hosts to decommission
Each machine to be decommissioned should be added to the file identified by the hdfs_exclude.txt, one domain

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name per line. This will prevent them from connecting to the NameNode. Content of the "/home/hadoop/hadoop-
1.2.1/hdfs_exclude.txt" file is shown below, if you want to remove DataNode2.slave2.in
4. Force configuration reload
Run the command "$HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoopdfsadmin -refreshNodes" without the quotes.
$ $HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoopdfsadmin-refreshNodes

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This will force the NameNode to re-read its configuration, including the newly updated ?excludes? file. It will
decommission the nodes over a period of time, allowing time for each node's blocks to be replicated onto machines
which are scheduled to remain active.On slave2.in, check the jps command output. After some time, you will see the
DataNode process is shutdown automatically.
5. Shutdown nodes

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After the decommission process has been completed, the decommissioned hardware can be safely shut down for
maintenance. Run the report command to dfsadmin to check the status of decommission. The following command
will describe the status of the decommission node and the connected nodes to the cluster.
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

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0 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

College o f Engineering
?

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DEPARTMENT OF
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

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CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
VII SEMESTER - R 2013

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Name : ______________________________________
Reg. No. : ______________________________________
Section : ______________________________________
LABORATORY MANUAL

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1 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

DHANALAKSHMI

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is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and enterprising
professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and training.

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? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic Excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart and
soul

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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

To strive for acquiring, applying and imparting knowledge in Computer Science and Engineering through quality
education and to provide enthusiastic professionals with commitment

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? To produce highly competent and globally employable engineers in the field of Computer Science and
Engineering
? To inculcate human values among the student community and make them realize their commitment to the society

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? To exhibit excellence in pursuit of research and innovative products with a zeal to serve the society


VISION
VISION

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MISSION
MISSION


2 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)
1. Fundamentals
To provide students with a solid foundation in Mathematics, Science and fundamentals of engineering, enabling
them to apply, to find solutions for engineering problems and use this knowledge to acquire higher education

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2. Core Competence
To train the students in Computer science and engineering technologies so that they apply their knowledge and
training to compare, and to analyze various engineering industrial problems to find solutions
3. Breadth
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice this enables them to

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find solutions for the real time problems in industry, and to design products
4. Professionalism
To inculcate professional and effective communication skills, leadership qualities and team spirit in the students
to make them multi-faceted personalities and develop their ability to relate engineering issues to broader social
context

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5. Lifelong Learning/Ethics
To demonstrate and practice ethical and professional responsibilities in the industry and society in the large,
through commitment and lifelong learning needed for successful professional career

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4


PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)

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a) To demonstrate and apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Electronics and Communication Engineering field
b) To design a component, a system or a process to meet the specific needs within the realistic constraints
such as economics, environment, ethics, health, safety and manufacturability
c) To demonstrate the competency to use software tools for computation, simulation and testing of electronics and

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communication engineering circuits
d) To identify, formulate and solve electronic and communication engineering problems
e) To demonstrate an ability to visualize and work on laboratory and multidisciplinary tasks
f) To function as a member or a leader in multidisciplinary activities
g) To communicate in verbal and written form with fellow engineers and society at large

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h) To understand the impact of Electronics and Communication Engineering in the society and demonstrate awareness
of contemporary issues and commitment to give solutions exhibiting social responsibility
i) To demonstrate professional & ethical responsibilities
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To participate and succeed in competitive exams

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5 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

SYLLABUS
Learn the working of ARM processor

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Understand the Building Blocks of Embedded Systems
Learn the concept of memory map and memory interface
Know the characteristics of Real Time Systems
Write programs to interface memory, I/Os with processor
Study the interrupt performance

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LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
GRID COMPUTING LAB
Use Globus Toolkit or equivalent and do the following:
1. Develop a new Web Service for Calculator.
2. Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service.

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3. Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service.
4. Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs
5. Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus Toolkit.
6. Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it with and without
GRAM concept.

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CLOUD COMPUTING LAB
Use Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent to set up the cloud and demonstrate.
1. Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines
COURSE OBJECTIVES

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can be utilized at particular time.

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2. Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even
after the release of the virtual machine.
3. Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program.
4. Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other.
5. Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it.

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6. Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster.
7. Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE.
8. Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it.
9. Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits.
? Design and implement applications on the Grid.

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? Design and Implement applications on the Cloud.
? Design network objects by applying the networking concepts.
? Create virtualization concept.
? Design web based applications.
? Apply cloud tools for resource allocation.

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? Apply grid tools for network translation.
? Design private cloud using open stack.
COURSE OUTCOMES

7

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CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
CONTENTS
Sl. No. Name of the Experiment Page No.

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CYCLE 1 ? EXPERIMENTS ( GRID COMPUTING)
1
Develop a new Web Service for Calculator 7
2
Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service 16

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3
Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service 19
4
Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs 22
5

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Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus
Toolkit
25
6
Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it

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with and without GRAM concept
27
CYCLE 2 ? EXPERIMENTS (CLOUD COMPUTING)
1
Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how

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many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
34
2
Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it
holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine

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36
3 Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program 39
4
Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to
the other

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42
5 Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it 45
6 Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster 47
7 Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE
ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS

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1 Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it 52
2 Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks 55

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8 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO GRID COMPUTING

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GRID TECHNOLOGY

? Flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and

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resource
? Grid architecture
? Defined using services and protocols
? Using the ?sand hourglass? model similar to the TCP/IP protocol stack

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"A computational grid is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides dependable, consistent, pervasive and
inexpensive access to high-end computational capabilities."
Grid computing makes it possible to dynamically share and coordinate dispersed, heterogeneous computing
resources. Flexibility and ubiquity are essential characteristics of Web services technologies such as WSDL (Web
Services Description Language), SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), and UDDI (Universal Description,

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Discovery, and Integration).
The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) combines technologies to unlock and exploit grid-attached resources.
OGSA defines mechanisms to create, manage, and exchange information between Grid Services, a special type of
Web service. The architecture uses WSDL extensively to describe the structure and behavior of a service. Service
descriptions are located and discovered using Web Services Inspection Language (WSIL). By combining elements

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from grid computing and Web services technologies, OGSA establishes an extensible and interoperable design and
development framework for Grid Services that includes details for service definition, discovery, and life-cycle
management.

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9 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


GLOBUS TOOLKIT

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The Globus Toolkit provides software tools to make it easier to build computational grids and grid-based
applications. The Globus Toolkit is both an open architecture and open source toolkit.

? The Globus Toolkit is a product of the Globus Alliance (http://www.globus.org)
? It is middleware for developing grids

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? The current release is 6.0.
? Four key protocols and APIs
? Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI)
? Grid Resource Allocation & Mgmt (GRAM)
? Grid Resource Information Protocol (GRIP) and Index Information Protocol (GIIP)

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? Grid File Transfer Protocol (GridFTP)
? Implementations on many platforms
? Resources, security systems, data models,
? Various collective layer protocols & tools
? Info services, replica management, etc.

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? A basis for many Grid-enabled tools & apps
FTP, SSH, Condor, SRB, MPI, EDG, GridPort,
GLOBUS TOOLKIT? COMPONENTS
? Security
? GSI ? Grid Security Infrastructure

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? Resource Management
? GRAM ? Grid Resource Allocation Manager
o globusrun
o RSL
o gatekeeper

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o job manager
o DUROC ? Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator
? Information Services
? MDS ? Monitoring and Discovery Service

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10 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

o GRIS ? Grid Resource Information Service
o GIIS ? Grid Index Information Service

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o MDS Client
? Data Management
o GridFTP, GASS
The Globus Toolkit latest version 6.0 includes:
GSI: security

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GridFTP: file transfer
GRAM: job execution/resource management
MyProxy: credential repository/certificate authority
GSI-OpenSSH: GSI secure single sign-on remote shell

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11 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

GLOBUS TOOLKIT INSTALLATION PROCEDURE
Step1: For installing Globus Toolkit nothing more easy than download the latest package:

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http://toolkit.globus.org/ftppub/gt6/installers/repo/globus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
sudodpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Step2: Update the repositories: sudo apt-get update
Step3: To install Debian or Ubuntu package, download the globus-toolkit-repo package
from the link above and install it with the command:

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root@sysa63:/home/#dpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Do the following for Debian-based systems:
root@sysa63:/home/#apt-get install globus-data-management-client

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12 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 01: DEVELOP A NEW WEB SERVICE FOR CALCULATOR

Aim:

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Develop a Web Service for new Calculator
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
1. Our first web service is an extremely simple Math Web Service, which we'll refer to asMathService. It will
2. allow users to perform the following operations:
a. Addition
b. Subtraction

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3. Furthermore, MathService will have the following resource properties (RPs for short):
a. Value (integer)
b. Last operation performed (string)
4. We will also add a "Get Value" operation to access the Value RP. Once a new resource is created, the
"value" RP is initialized to zero, and the "last operation" RP is initialized to "NONE". The parameter is

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added/subtracted to the "value" RP, and the "last operation" RP is changed to "ADDITION" or
"SUBTRACTION" accordingly. Also, the addition and subtraction operations don't return anything.
5. Writing and deploying a WSRF Web Service is easier than you might think. You just have to follow five
simple steps.
6. Define the service's interface. This is done with WSDL

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7. Implement the service. This is done with Java.
8. Define the deployment parameters. This is done with WSDD and JNDI
9. Compile everything and generate a GAR file. This is done with Ant
10. Deploy service. This is also done with a GT4 tool

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Sample Code:

_instance"
xmlns ="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"
xmlns:tns="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/examples/core/MathService_instance"

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xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsrp="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-
ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.xsd" xmlns:wsrpw="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-


13 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.wsdl"
xmlns:wsdlpp="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/2004/10/WSDLPreprocessor"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">

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Result:
Thus the program for developing web service for new calculator was successfully executed.

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14 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid by using Web Service for new Calculator
Applications:
To make a calculator in Windows application using web service

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1) What is Web Service?
2) What are the advantages of web services?
3) What are the different types of web services?

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4) What is SOAP?
5) What are the advantages of SOAP web services?
6) What are the disadvantages of SOAP web services?
7) What is WSDL?
8) What is UDDI?

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9) What are RESTful web services?
10) What are the advantages of RESTful web services?
11) What is the difference between SOAP and REST web services?
12) What is SOA service architecture?
13) What tools are used to deploy web services?

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14) What is Web Service architecture?
15) What are the advantages of web services in globus toolkit?
16) What are the different types of web services?
17) What is SOAP web services?
18) What is UDP and TCP?

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19) What is stateless SOA?
20) What is data balancing in WSDL?
Viva-voce

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15 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 02: DEVELOP NEW OGSA-COMPLIANT WEB SERVICE

Aim:

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To develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid Service using .NET language.
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:

1. Developed by the Global Grid Forum
2. Aims to define a common, standard, open architecture for Grid Applications.
3. Defines a set of rules that make up a grid service.

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4. Sharing and Coordinated use of diverse resources in Dynamic VO's

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Result:

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Thus the program for developing OGSA- Complaint web service was successfully executed.


16 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid
Service using .NET language

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Applications:
? Sharing of information among diverse components of large heterogenous grid systems
? WAN

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1. How would you decide what style of Web Service to use? SOAP WS or REST?
2. Does the service expose data or business logic?
3. Do consumers and the service providers require a formal contract?
4. Do we need to support multiple data formats?

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5. Do we need to make AJAX calls?
6. Is the call synchronous or asynchronous?
7. What level of security is required?
8. What level of transaction support is required?
9. Do we have limited band width?

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10. What tools do you use to test your Web Services?
11. What is the difference between SOA and a Web service?
12. What is a microservice architecture (aka MSA)?
13. What is data integrity?
14. What is cloud infrastructure?

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Viva-voce

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17 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 03: USING APACHE AXIS DEVELOP A GRID SERVICE

Aim:

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To develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
1. Creating the New Level in the Package
2. Edit the Configuration Files
3. Modify the Service Code
4. Modify the Client

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5. Compile and Deploy
6. Starting the Container
7. Compile the Client
8. Run the Client

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18 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:
Addition was successful
Subtraction was successful
Multiplication was successful
Division was successful

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Current value: 20.

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Result:
Thus the program for Grid Service using Apache Axis was successfully executed.

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19 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Applications:
? To create web service in Java
? To work with Globus Tool kit standards web service

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1. What are the different application integration styles?
2. What is Grid Computing?
3. What is QOS?
4. What are the derivatives of grid computing?

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5. What are the features of data grids?
6. What is load balancing?
7. What is grid infrastructure?
8. Define ? Distributed Computing.
9. Define ? OSGI.

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10. Define ? OSGA.
11. What is the use of API?s in cloud services?
12. What is the difference between cloud and grid?
13. What is data communication?
14. What are the elements of data communication?

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Viva-voce


20 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 04: DEVELOP APPLICATIONS USING JAVA OR C/C++ GRID
APIS
Aim:
To develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Import all the necessary java packages and name the file as GridLayoutDemo.java

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2. Set up components to preferred size
3. Add buttons to experiment with Grid Layout
4. Add controls to set up horizontal and vertical gaps
5. Process the Apply gaps button press
6. Create the GUI

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7. Create and set up the window,Set up the content pane and Display the Window
8. Schedule a job for the event dispatch thread
9. Show the application's GUI

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21 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:

Figure 1: Horizontal, Left-to-Right Figure 2: Horizontal, Right-to-Left

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Result:
Thus the program to develop an application in java using Grid APIs was successfully executed.


22 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop an application in Java using Grid APIs

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Applications:
Used for defining a application programme interface for common distributes computing functionality

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1) Describe the two most important advantages of using Distributed/Grid Computing.
2) What is the main function of DNS?
3) Briefly outline two applications of Public Key systems.
4) Provide one major difference between synchronous and asynchronous communication.
5) Provide one major difference between ASCII and Unicode encodings.

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6) Provide two major differences between sequential computing and parallel computing.
7) Write the any three Grid Applications.
8) Give the examples of Hardware service provider.
9) Give the example of software application ASP.
10) What are grid portals? Give example.

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11) What are the high level services including in existing globus tool kit?
12) Name the components available in Nimrod architecture?
13) What are the major objectives of Euro grid project?
14) What is the application specific work packages identified for the Euro grid?
15) Define dynamic accounting system.

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Viva-voce

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23 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

EX.NO. 05: DEVELOP SECURED APPLICATIONS USING BASIC

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SECURITY MECHANISMS AVAILABLE IN GLOBUS TOOLKIT.
Aim:
To develop a secured applications using a basic security mechanisms available in Globus toolkit
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
The Globus Toolkit incorporates multiple security components that establish the identity of users or services
(authentication), protect communications, and determine who is allowed to perform what actions (authorization), as

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well as manage user credentials.
? GSI C: The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and
certificate management.
? MyProxy: MyProxy is open source software for managing X.509 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) security
credentials (certificates and private keys).

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? GSI-OpenSSH: GSI-OpenSSH is a modified version of OpenSSH that adds support for X.509 proxy
certificate authentication and delegation, providing a single sign-on remote login and file transfer service.
The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and certificate
management. The authentication API is built using Public KeyInfrastructure (PKI) technologies, e.g. X.509
Certificates and TLS. In addition to authentication it features a delegation mechanism based upon X.509 Proxy

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Certificates. Authorization support takes the form of a couple of APIs. The first provides a generic authorization API
that allows callouts to perform access control based on the client's credentials (i.e. the X.509 certificate chain). The
second provides a simple access control list that maps authorized remote entities to local (system) user names. The
second mechanism also provides callouts that allow third parties to override the default behavior and is currently
used in the Gatekeeper and GridFTP servers. In addition to the above there are various lower level APIs and tools

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for managing, discovering and querying certificates.
Components for Grid Security
1. Basic Security Mechanisms
2. Components for Credential Generation
3. Components for Credential Management

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24 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Beyond verifying the identities of users and services, basic Grid security mechanisms leave access control decisions

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to services. The Grid community has developed authorization and access control tools for storing and providing
access to system-wide authorization information and for creating a central data store for supporting decentralized
control mechanisms.
Basic Security Mechanisms
? Pre-Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A non-Web services implementation of the Grid

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Security Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI
mechanisms
? Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A Web services implementation of the Grid Security
Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI mechanisms

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Result:

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Thus the program to develop a security application available in Globus toolkit was successfully executed.
Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a secured applications using a basic security

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mechanisms available in Globus toolkit



25 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Applications:
To provide easy acces to best breed open source network security

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1. What are the collective services available in grid computing?
2. What are the basic principles of autonomous computing?
3. What are the four essential characteristics of on demand business?
4. What are the essential capabilities provided by on demand business?
5. What are the two most important technologies for building semantic webs?

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6. Define Peer to Peer computing?
7. What is the combination of Globus GT3 toolkit?
8. What is a GT3 core?
9. What are the components available in service model?
10. Define WS-Trust

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11. Define WS ?Federation
12. Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
13. Who are the actors in CDC?
14. Mention the scenarios in CDC?
15. What are the functional requirements of CDC on OGSA?

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Viva-voce

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26 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 06: DEVELOP A GRID PORTAL, WHERE USER CAN SUBMIT

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A JOB AND GET THE RESULT, IMPLEMENT IT WITH AND WITHOUT
GRAM CONCEPT.
Aim:
To develop a Grid portal and implement it with and without GRAM concept
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

Procedure:

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Multiple times that the likely user interface to grid applications will be through portals, specifically Web portals. A grid
portal may be constructed as a Web page interface to provide easy access to grid applications. The Web user
interface provides user authentication, job submission, job monitoring, and results of the job.
Globus Resource Allocation Manager (GRAM)
When a job is submitted by a client, the request is sent to the remote host and handled by a gatekeeper daemon.

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The gatekeeper creates a job manager to start and monitor the job. When the job is finished, the job manager
sends the status information back to the client and terminates.
The GRAM subsystem consists of the following elements:
? The globusrun command and associated APIs Resource Specification Language (RSL)
? The gatekeeper daemon The job manager Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator (DUROC)

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Each of these elements are described briefly below.
The globusrun command
The globusrun command (or its equivalent API) submits a job to a resource within the grid. This command
is typically passed an RSL string (see below) that specifies parameters and other properties required to successfully
launch and run the job

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27 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Resource Specification Language (RSL)

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RSL is a language used by clients to specify the job to be run. All job submission requests are described in an RSL
string that includes information such as the executable file; its parameters; information about redirection of stdin,
stdout, and stderr; and so on. Basically it provides a standard way of specifying all of the information required to
execute a job, independent of the target environment. It is then the responsibility of the job manager on the target
system to parse the information and launch the job in the appropriate way.

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The syntax of RSL is very straightforward. Each statement is enclosed within parenthesis. Comments are
designated with parenthesis and asterisks, for example, (* this is a comment *). Supported attributes include the
following:
rsl_substitution: Defines variables
executable: The script or command to be run

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arguments: Information or flags to be passed to the executable
stdin: Specifies the remote URL and local file used for the executable stdout: Specifies the remote file to place
standard output from the job stderr: Specifies the remote file to place standard error from the job queue: Specifies the
queue to submit the job (requires a scheduler) count: Specifies the number of executions
directory: Specifies the directory to run the job

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project: Specifies a project account for the job (requires a scheduler) dryRun: Verifies the RSL string but
does not run the job
maxMemory: Specifies the maximum amount of memory in MBs required for the job
minMemory: Specifies the minimum amount of memory in MBs required for the job
hostCount: Specifies the number of nodes in a cluster required for the job environment: Specifies environment

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variables that are required for the job
jobType: Specifies the type of job single process, multi-process, mpi, or condor
maxTime: Specifies the maximum execution wall or cpu time for one execution
maxWallTime: Specifies the maximum walltime for one execution maxCpuTime: Specifies the maximum
cpu time for one execution

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gramMyjob: Specifies the whether the gram myjob interface starts one process/thread (independent) or more
(collective)


28 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to develop Grid Portal was successfully executed.

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29 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid portal and implement it with and
without GRAM concept
Application:
? It is useful and necessary for interfaces for the performance of operations on the Grid. The Grid
Portal Development Kit (GPDK) facilitates the development of Grid portals and provides several key

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reusable components for accessing various Grid services.
? A Grid Portal provides a customizable interface allowing scientists to perform a variety of Grid
operations including remote program submission, file staging, and querying of information services
from a single, secure gateway.
? The Grid Portal Development Kit leverages off existing Globus/Grid middleware infrastructure as

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well as commodity web technology including Java Server Pages and servlets .



1) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?

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2) What are the major goals of OGSA?
3) What are the more specific goals of OGSA?
4) What are the main purposes of use case defined by OGSA?
5) Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
6) What are the layers available in OGSA architectural organizations?

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7) What are the OGSA basic services?
8) What are the two aspects involved in GRAM?
9) What are the two kinds of lifecycle model associated with state data recovery?
10) What is a GT3 core?
11) What are the major components of default server side framework?

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12) What is Grid container?
13) What are the two levels of security available in GT3?
14) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?
15) What are the two different message-level authentication mechanisms provided by GT3 framework?
16) What are the most common GT3 security handlers?

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Viva-voce


30 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO CLOUD COMPUTING

What is cloud computing?
Cloud computing means that instead of all the computer hardware and software you're using sitting on your
desktop, or somewhere inside your company's network, it's provided for you as a service by another company and

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accessed over the Internet, usually in a completely seamless way. Exactly where the hardware and software is
located and how it all works doesn't matter to you, the user?it's just somewhere up in the nebulous "cloud" that the
Internet represents.
Cloud computing is a buzzword that means different things to different people. For some, it's just another way of
describing IT (information technology) "outsourcing"; others use it to mean any computing service provided over the

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Internet or a similar network; and some define it as any bought-in computer service you use that sits outside your
firewall.
Types of cloud computing
IT people talk about three different kinds of cloud computing, where different services are being provided for you.
Note that there's a certain amount of vagueness about how these things are defined and some overlap between

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them.
? Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) means you're buying access to raw computing hardware over the Net,
such as servers or storage. Since you buy what you need and pay-as-you-go, this is often referred to as
utility computing. Ordinary web hosting is a simple example of IaaS: you pay a monthly subscription or a
per-megabyte/gigabyte fee to have a hosting company serve up files for your website from their servers.

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? Software as a Service (SaaS) means you use a complete application running on someone else's system.
Web-based email and Google Documents are perhaps the best-known examples. Zoho is another well-
known SaaS provider offering a variety of office applications online.
? Platform as a Service (PaaS) means you develop applications using Web-based tools so they run on
systems software and hardware provided by another company. So, for example, you might develop your

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own ecommerce website but have the whole thing, including the shopping cart, checkout, and payment
mechanism running on a merchant's server. App Cloud (from salesforce.com) and the Google App Engine
are examples of PaaS.
Advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing
Advantages

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The pros of cloud computing are obvious and compelling. If your business is selling books or repairing shoes,
why get involved in the nitty gritty of buying and maintaining a complex computer system? If you run an insurance
office, do you really want your sales agents wasting time running anti-virus software, upgrading word-processors, or
worrying about hard-drive crashes? Do you really want them cluttering your expensive computers with their personal

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31 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

emails, illegally shared MP3 files, and naughty YouTube videos?when you could leave that responsibility to
someone else? Cloud computing allows you to buy in only the services you want, when you want them, cutting the

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upfront capital costs of computers and peripherals. You avoid equipment going out of date and other familiar IT
problems like ensuring system security and reliability. You can add extra services (or take them away) at a moment's
notice as your business needs change. It's really quick and easy to add new applications or services to your
business without waiting weeks or months for the new computer (and its software) to arrive.
Drawbacks

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Instant convenience comes at a price. Instead of purchasing computers and software, cloud computing means you
buy services, so one-off, upfront capital costs become ongoing operating costs instead. That might work out much
more expensive in the long-term.
If you're using software as a service (for example, writing a report using an online word processor or sending emails
through webmail), you need a reliable, high-speed, broadband Internet connection functioning the whole time you're

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working. That's something we take for granted in countries such as the United States, but it's much more of an issue
in developing countries or rural areas where broadband is unavailable.
An Introduction to Cloud Computing with OpenNebula
An OpenNebula Private Cloud provides infrastructure users with an elastic platform for fast delivery and scalability of
services to meet dynamic demands of service end-users. Services are hosted in VMs, and then submitted,

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monitored and controlled in the Cloud by using Sunstone or any of the OpenNebula interfaces:
? Command Line Interface (CLI)
? XML-RPC API
? OpenNebulaRuby and Java Cloud APIs
The aim of a Private Cloud is not to expose to the world a cloud interface to sell capacity over the Internet, but to

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provide local cloud users and administrators with a flexible and agile private infrastructure to run virtualized service
workloads within the administrative domain. OpenNebula virtual infrastructure interfaces expose user and
administrator functionality for virtualization, networking, image and physical resource configuration, management,
monitoring and accounting.

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32 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


Expt.No.1: FIND PROCEDURE TO RUN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE OF
DIFFERENT CONFIGURATION. CHECK HOW MANY VIRTUAL

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MACHINES CAN BE UTILIZED AT PARTICULAR TIME.

Aim:
To Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be
utilized at particular time

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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Creating Virtual Machines
In OpenNebula the Virtual Machines are defined with Template files. The Template Repository system allows
OpenNebula administrators and users to register Virtual Machine definitions in the system, to be instantiated later as
Virtual Machine instances. These Templates can be instantiated several times, and also shared with other users.

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Virtual Machine Model
A Virtual Machine within the OpenNebula system consists of:
? A capacity in terms memory and CPU
? A set of NICs attached to one or more virtual networks
? A set of disk images

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? A state file (optional) or recovery file, that contains the memory image of a running VM plus some hypervisor
specific information.
The above items, plus some additional VM attributes like the OS kernel and context information to be used inside the
VM, are specified in a template file.
Defining a VM in 3 Steps

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Virtual Machines are defined in an OpenNebula Template. Templates are stored in a repository to easily browse and
instantiate VMs from them. To create a new Template you have to define 3 things


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? Capacity & Name, how big will the VM be?
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
NAME Name that the VM will get for description purposes. Yes one-
MEMORY Amount of RAM required for the VM, in Megabytes. Yes

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CPU CPU ratio (e..g half a physical CPU is 0.5). Yes
VCPU Number of virtual cpus. No 1
Disks. Each disk is defined with a DISK attribute. A VM can use three types of disk:
? Use a persistent Image changes to the disk image will persist after the VM is shutdown.
? Use a non-persistent Image images are cloned, changes to the image will be lost.

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? Volatile disks are created on the fly on the target host. After the VM is shutdown the disk is disposed.

Persistent and Clone Disks
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
IMAGE_ID and IMAGE The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes

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IMAGE_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No self
IMAGE_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No self
Volatile
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
TYPE

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Type of the disk: swap, fs. swap type will set the label to swap so it is
easier to mount and the context packages will automatically mount it.
Yes
SIZE size in MB Yes
FORMAT

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filesystem for fs images: ext2, ext3, etc. raw will not format the image. For
VMs to run on vmfs or vmwareshared configurations, the valid values are:
Yes

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34 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Attribute Description Mandatory Default
vmdk_thin, vmdk_zeroedthick, vmdk_eagerzeroedthick

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Network Interfaces. Each network interface of a VM is defined with the NIC attribute.
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
NETWORK_ID and NETWORK The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes
NETWORK_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No Self
NETWORK_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No Self

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The following example shows a VM Template file with a couple of disks and a network interface, also a VNC section
was added.
NAME = test-vm
MEMORY = 128

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CPU = 1

DISK = [ IMAGE = "Arch Linux" ]
DISK = [ TYPE = swap,
SIZE = 1024 ]

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NIC = [ NETWORK = "Public", NETWORK_UNAME="oneadmin" ]

GRAPHICS = [
TYPE = "vnc",

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LISTEN = "0.0.0.0"]
Simple templates can be also created using the command line instead of creating a template file. The parameters to
do this for onetemplate are:

Parameter

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Description
--namename Name for the VM
--cpucpu CPU percentage reserved for the VM (1=100% one CPU)

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35 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


Parameter

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Description
--vcpuvcpu Number of virtualized CPUs
--archarch Architecture of the VM, e.g.: i386 or x86_64
--memorymemory Memory ammount given to the VM

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--diskdisk0,disk1 Disks to attach. To use a disk owned by other user use user[disk]
--nicvnet0,vnet1 Networks to attach. To use a network owned by other user use user[network]
--rawstring
Raw string to add to the template. Not to be confused with the RAW attribute. If you want
to provide more than one element, just include an enter inside quotes, instead of using

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more than one -raw option
--vnc Add VNC server to the VM
--ssh[file]
Add an ssh public key to the context. If the file is omited then the user variable
SSH_PUBLIC_KEY will be used.

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--net_context Add network contextualization parameters
--contextline1,line2 * Lines to add to the context section
--bootdevice Select boot device (hd, fd, cdrom or network)
A similar template as the previous example can be created with the following command:
$ onetemplate create --name test-vm --memory 128 --cpu 1 --disk "Arch Linux" --nic Public

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Managing Virtual Machines
Assuming we have a VM Template registered called vm-example with ID 6, then we can instantiate the VM issuing
a:
$ onetemplate list

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ID USER GROUP NAME REGTIME
6 oneadminoneadminvm_example 09/28 06:44:07

$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm

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36 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

VM ID: 0
If the template has USER INPUTSdefined the CLI will prompt the user for these values:

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$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm

There are some parameters that require user input.

* (BLOG_TITLE) Blog Title:

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* (DB_PASSWORD) Database Password:
VM ID: 0
Afterwards, the VM can be listed with the onevmlist command. You can also use the onevmtop command to list VMs
continuously.
$ onevm list

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ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME
0 oneadminoneadminmy_vm pend 0 0K 00 00:00:03
After a Scheduling cycle, the VM will be automatically deployed. But the deployment can also be forced by oneadmin
using onevmdeploy:

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$ onehost list

ID NAME RVM TCPU FCPU ACPU TMEM FMEM AMEM STAT
2 testbed 0 800 800 800 16G 16G16G on
$ onevm deploy 0 2

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$ onevm list

ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME
0 oneadminoneadminmy_vmrunn 0 0K testbed 00 00:02:40

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$ onevm show 0
VIRTUAL MACHINE 0 INFORMATION
ID :0
NAME : my_vm

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USER : oneadmin
GROUP : oneadmin


37 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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STATE : ACTIVE
LCM_STATE : RUNNING
START TIME : 04/14 09:00:24
END TIME : -

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DEPLOY ID: : one-0
PERMISSIONS
OWNER : um-
GROUP : ---
OTHER : ---

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VIRTUAL MACHINE MONITORING
NET_TX : 13.05
NET_RX : 0
USED MEMORY : 512
USED CPU : 0

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VIRTUAL MACHINE TEMPLATE
VIRTUAL MACHINE HISTORY

SEQ HOSTNAME REASON START TIME PTIME

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0 testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00
testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00

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38 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to run virtual machines on different configuration was successfully executed & its utilization time is
checked in various machines.

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39 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find procedure to run the virtual machine of different
Configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
Applications:

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? An advantage of virtualizing the workload?s I/O path enables hardware independence by
abstracting vendor specific drivers to more generalized versions that run on the hypervisor.
? It allows the live migration, which is one of virtualization?s greatest availability strengths
? The sharing of aggregate resources, such as network paths

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1. What is cloud computing?
2. What are the benefits of cloud computing?
3. What are the different data types used in cloud computing?

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4. What are the different layers in cloud computing?
5. What do you mean by software as a service?
6. What is on-demand functionality? How is it provided in cloud computing?
7. What are the platforms used for large scale cloud computing?
8. What are the different models for deployment in cloud computing?

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9. What is the difference between cloud computing and mobile computing?
10. What are the open source cloud computing platform databases?
11. What is the difference between cloud and traditional datacenters?
12. Why API's is used in cloud services?
13. What are the different datacenters in cloud computing?

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14. Define API in data virtualization?
15. List of API in cloud?
Viva-voce

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40 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No.02: FIND PROCEDURE TO ATTACH VIRTUAL BLOCK TO
THE VIRTUAL MACHINE AND CHECK WHETHER IT HOLDS THE
DATA EVEN AFTER THE RELEASE OF THE VIRTUAL MACHINE.

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Aim:
To find a procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even after the
release of the virtual machine

Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
VirtualBox uses a special kernel module called vboxdrv to perform physical memory allocation and to gain control of
the processor for guest system execution. Without this kernel module, you can still use the VirtualBox manager to
configure virtual machines, but they will not start. In addition, there are the network kernel modules vboxnetflt and
vboxnetadp which are required for the more advanced networking features of VirtualBox.

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The VirtualBox kernel module is automatically installed on your system when you install VirtualBox. To
maintain it with future kernel updates, for those Linux distributions which provide it -- most current ones -- we
recommend installing Dynamic Kernel Module Support (DKMS). This framework helps with building and upgrading
kernel modules.
If DKMS is not already installed, execute one of the following:

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On an Ubuntu system:
sudo apt-get install dkms
If DKMS is available and installed, the VirtualBox kernel module should always work automatically, and it will be
automatically rebuilt if your host kernel is updated.
Otherwise, there are only two situations in which you will need to worry about the kernel module:

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1. The original installation fails. This probably means that your Linux system is not prepared for building
external kernel modules.


41 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Most Linux distributions can be set up simply by installing the right packages - normally, these will be the
GNU compiler (GCC), GNU Make (make) and packages containing header files for your kernel - and making
sure that all system updates are installed and that the system is running the most up-to-date kernel included
in the distribution. The version numbers of the header file packages must be the same as that of the kernel

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you are using.
? With Debian and Ubuntu releases, you must install the right version of the linux-headers and if it exists
the linux-kbuild package. Current Ubuntu releases should have the right packages installed by default.
? In even older Debian and Ubuntu releases, you must install the right version of the kernel-headers
package.

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? On Fedora and Redhat systems, the package is kernel-devel.
? On SUSE and openSUSE Linux, you must install the right versions of the kernel-source and kernel-syms
packages.
? If you have built your own kernel, you will need to make sure that you also installed all the required
header and other files for building external modules to the right locations. The details of how to do

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this will depend on how you built your kernel, and if you are unsure you should consult the
documentation which you followed to do so.
2. The kernel of your Linux host was updated and DKMS is not installed. In that case, the kernel module will
need to be reinstalled by executing (as root):
rcvboxdrv setup

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Performing the installation
VirtualBox is available in a number of package formats native to various common Linux distributions. In addition,
there is an alternative generic installer (.run) which should work on most Linux distributions.
Installing VirtualBox from a Debian/Ubuntu package
First, download the appropriate package for your distribution. The following examples assume that you are installing

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to a 32-bit Ubuntu Wily system. Use dpkg to install the Debian package:
sudodpkg -i virtualbox-5.0_5.0.20_Ubuntu_wily_i386.deb
The installer will also try to build kernel modules suitable for the current running kernel. If the build process is not
successful you will be shown a warning and the package will be left unconfigured. Please have a look at /var/log/vbox-
install.log to find out why the compilation failed. You may have to install the appropriate Linux kernel After correcting

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any problems, do


42 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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sudorcvboxdrv setup
This will start a second attempt to build the module.
If a suitable kernel module was found in the package or the module was successfully built, the installation script will
attempt to load that module.
Once VirtualBox has been successfully installed and configured, you can start it by selecting "VirtualBox" in your

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start menu or from the command line.
Using the alternative installer (VirtualBox.run)
The alternative installer performs the following steps:
? It unpacks the application files to the target directory,
/opt/VirtualBox/

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which cannot be changed.
? It builds the VirtualBox kernel modules (vboxdrv, vboxnetflt and vboxnetadp) and installs them.
? It creates /sbin/rcvboxdrv, an init script to start the VirtualBox kernel module.
? It creates a new system group called vboxusers.
? It creates symbolic links in /usr/bin to the a shell script (/opt/VirtualBox/VBox) which does some sanity checks

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and dispatches to the actual executables, VirtualBox, VBoxSDL, VBoxVRDP, VBoxHeadless and VBoxManage
? It creates /etc/udev/rules.d/60-vboxdrv.rules, a description file for udev, if that is present, which makes the USB
devices accessible to all users in the vboxusers group.
? It writes the installation directory to /etc/vbox/vbox.cfg.
The installer must be executed as root with either install or uninstall as the first parameter.

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sudo ./VirtualBox.run install
Or if you do not have the "sudo" command available, run the following as root instead:
./VirtualBox.run install

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43 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

After that you need to put every user which should be able to access USB devices from VirtualBox guests in the
group vboxusers, either through the GUI user management tools or by running the following command as root:
sudousermod -a -G vboxusers username

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Performing a manual installation
If, for any reason, you cannot use the shell script installer described previously, you can also perform a manual
installation. Invoke the installer like this:
./VirtualBox.run --keep --noexec
This will unpack all the files needed for installation in the directory install under the current directory. The VirtualBox

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application files are contained in VirtualBox.tar.bz2 which you can unpack to any directory on your system. For
example:
sudomkdir /opt/VirtualBox
sudo tar jxf ./install/VirtualBox.tar.bz2 -C /opt/VirtualBox
or as root:

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mkdir /opt/VirtualBox
tarjxf ./install/VirtualBox.tar.bz2 -C /opt/VirtualBox
The sources for VirtualBox's kernel module are provided in the src directory. To build the module, change to the
directory and issuemake
If everything builds correctly, issue the following command to install the module to the appropriate module directory:

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sudo make install
In case you do not have sudo, switch the user account to root and performmake install
The VirtualBox kernel module needs a device node to operate. The above make command will tell you how to create
the device node, depending on your Linux system. The procedure is slightly different for a classical Linux setup with
a /dev directory, a system with the now deprecated devfs and a modern Linux system with udev.

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Note that the /dev/vboxdrv kernel module device node must be owned by root:root and must be read/writable only for
the user.Next, you will have to install the system initialization script for the kernel module:
cp /opt/VirtualBox/vboxdrv.sh /sbin/rcvboxdrv
mkdir /etc/vbox
echo INSTALL_DIR=/opt/VirtualBox> /etc/vbox/vbox.cfg

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44 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

and, for convenience, create the following symbolic links:

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ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VirtualBox
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxManage
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxHeadless
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxSDL

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Sample Output:

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Result:
Thus the program to attach virtual block to virtual machine was successfully executed & checked whether it holds the
data after the release of the virtual machine.

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45 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find a procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual
machine and check whether it holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
Application:
? To support the Cloud Computing with the Virtual Block Store System. The fast development of cloud

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computing systems stimulates the needs for a standalone block storage system to provide persistent
block storage services to virtual machines maintained by clouds.

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1. What is Type-1 and Type-2 hypervisor?
2. What is the use of virsh command?
3. Explain how you can transfer volume from one owner to another in Open Stack?
4. Discuss about KVM Features?
5. What is Virtual block?

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6. What is Virtualization?
7. What are virtual clusters?
8. How virtualization happens in data center?
9. List some of the open source grid middleware packages.
10. What is a programming model?

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11. What is Hadoop?
12. What are map and reduce functions?
13. How to run a job in hadoop?
14. What is HDFS?
15. What are the open source grid middleware packages?

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16. What is peer to peer computing?
17. What are node clusters?
18. How virtual migration happens in data center?
Viva-voce

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46 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No.03: INSTALL A C COMPILER IN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE AND
EXECUTE A SAMPLE PROGRAM.

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Aim:
To Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Create a VM and Install any OS on it.
2.Install a C compiler on OS
3.Open a Editor and type the sample program and Save.

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4.Compile and run the Program
Example:
C programming on Linux based Environement

1. Open Terminal (Applications-Accessories-Terminal)

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2. Open gedit by typing ?gedit&? on terminal(You can also use any other Text Editor application)
3. Type the following on gedit
(or any other text editor)
#include
main()

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{
printf("Hello World\n");
}
Save this file as
?helloworld. C?

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5. Type ?ls? on Terminal to see all files under current folder
6. Confirm that ?helloworld.c? is in the current directory.
If not, type cd DIRECTORY_PATH to go to the
directory that has ?helloworld.c?
7. Type ?gcchelloworld.c? to compile, and type ?ls? to

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confirm that a new executable file ?a.out? is created
8. Type ?./a.out? on Terminal to run the program

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47 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to install a C complier is done and the sample program was executed successfully.


48 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and

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execute a sample program
Application:
The application of installing a C compiler in the virtual machine benefits to have a portable executable, for
each platform.

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1. What is the difference between Xen & KVM ?
2. What are different hypervisors available in Linux ?
3. Which command is used to list all virtual machine running on the KVM hypervisor ?
4. What are the different states of a VM in Xen hypervisor ?
5. How to forcefully shutdown the KVM based virtual machine from the command line ?

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6. What is virtual Machine?
7. What is Compiler?
8. What is Directory?
9. List the C Compilers available?
10. What is virtualization?

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11. List out VM operations
12. What are different hypervisors available in windows?
13. How to implement applications on the cloud to install C compiler?
14. What are grid and cloud tools available?
15. What is hypervisor?

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Viva-voce


49 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No.04: SHOW THE VIRTUAL MACHINE MIGRATION BASED ON
THE CERTAIN CONDITION FROM ONE NODE TO THE OTHER.

Aim:
To Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
1.Update source and target virtual machines to latest package versions
To help ensure that platform images between cloud providers are running the same version of key operating system
packages, update these packages to the latest versions on both source and target virtual machines.

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sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
2. Install rsync and screen packages on source and target virtual machines
The migration of application packages and files in this process will use rsync over ssh between source and target
virtual machines. The actual transfer of files between virtual machines can take some time, so I also recommend

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using screen so that you can easily re-attach to an in-progress migration session if you are inadvertently
disconnected.
Ensure that rsync and screen packages are installed on both the source and target virtual machines with these
commands:
sudo apt-get install rsync

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sudo apt-get install screen
3. Add a consistent user account to both source and target virtual machines
To facilitate the migration process, ensure that you have a consistent user account configured on both source and
target virtual machines with sudo enabled. The newly provisioned target virtual machines from Task 3 already

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50 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

include a user named azureuser with sudo enabled. To configure this same user on each source virtual machine,
use the following commands:

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sudogroupadd -g 500 azureuser
sudouseradd -u 500 -g 500 -m -s /bin/bash azureuser
sudopasswdazureuser
4. Start a screen session for the migration
On the source virtual machine, enter a new screen session for the migration by using the following command:

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sudo screen -S AzureMigration
If you are disconnected from the source virtual machine during the migration process, you can reconnect to the
detached screen session by using the following command after signing in again to the source virtual machine:
sudo screen -r
5. Build an exclusion list of directories and files

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During the migration, we want to be careful to skip any files that include configuration information relating to the
identity of the source virtual machines, such as IP addresses, hostnames, ssh keys, etc. For the Ubuntu-based
virtual machines that we migrated, we used the following commands on each source virtual machine to build our
list of directories and files to exclude from the migration process:
EXCLUDEFILE=/tmp/exclude.file

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EXCLUDELIST='/boot /etc/fstab /etc/hostname /etc/issue /etc/hosts
/etc/sudoers /etc/networks /etc/network/* /etc/resolv.conf
/etc/ssh/* /etc/sysctl.conf /etc/mtab /etc/udev/rules.d/*
/lock /net /tmp'
EXCLUDEPATH=$(echo $EXCLUDELIST | sed 's/\ /\\n/g')

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echo -e $EXCLUDEPATH > $EXCLUDEFILE
find / -name '*cloud-init*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE
find / -name '*cloud-config*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE
find / -name '*cloud-final*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE

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51 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

The actual list of directories and files that you exclude may vary from this list, based on the Linux distro version,
packages and applications that you are migrating.

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Credits: Kudos to Kevin Carter who wrote a great article a couple years ago that provided a useful starting point for
building a list of directories and files to consider excluding as part of a Linux-to-Linux migration process!
6. Stop applications during migration
To minimize application data changes from occurring during the migration process, stop the related applications and
daemons on the source virtual machines. The application that we migrated was a web application built using

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Apache2, so we simply stopped the related Apache2 daemon.
sudo service stop apache2
7. Migrate the application files and data
From each source virtual machine, migrate application files and data using two rsync passes over ssh. The first
pass performs the bulk of the data transfer, whereas the second pass uses checksums to confirm that all files were

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transferred successfully.
TARGETVM="insert_target_vm_public_ip_address"
rsync -e "ssh" -rlpEAXogDtSzh -P -x ?exclude-from="$EXCLUDEFILE" ?rsync-path="sudorsync" ?
verbose ?progress / azureuser@$TARGETVM:/
rsync -e "ssh" -crlpEAXogDtSzh -P -x ?exclude-from="$EXCLUDEFILE" ?rsync-path="sudorsync" ?

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verbose ?progress / azureuser@$TARGETVM:/
8. Restart each target virtual machine
After both rsync passes have completed, restart each target virtual machine to complete the migration
process.
sshazureuser@$TARGETVM

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shutdown -r now



52 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to implement migration of virtual machine was executed successfully.

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53 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to Show the virtual machine migration based on the
certain condition from one node to the other
Application:
? Its easier to migrate a Virtual Machine from one server to another, than migrating the operating

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system and application(s) individually.
? Using Virtual Machine Migration, its possible to migrate operating systems and applications from
older servers to newer servers easily and without disrupting the services.

1. What are the basic requirements of VM live migration in KVM?

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2. Which command is used in KVM for VMs live migration?
3. How to get hardware information of KVM guest machine?
4. What is VM migration?
5. Which type of virtualization is also characteristic of cloud computing ?
6. Which virtualization standard does the WebSphere Application Server Hypervisor Edition use?

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7.Which three tools are included in the IBM Rational Jazz Collaborative Application Lifecycle
Management (C/ALM) solution?
8. What are two ways a public cloud helps customers reduce their IT costs?
9.What functionality is provided by the IBM Security Network Intrusion Prevention System Virtual
Appliance for a cloud environment?

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10. What are two important benefits of using cloud computing?
11. What is the value of IBM Security Information and Event Manager in a cloud provider environment?
12. What is the main purpose of an IBM CloudBurst solution?
Viva-voce

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54 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

EX.NO.5: PROCEDURE TO INSTALL STORAGE CONTROLLER AND
INTERACT WITH IT.

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Aim:
Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it

Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

Procedure:

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To install Storage Control, follow these steps.
Ensure that Systems Director 6.3 is installed and running.
Ensure that you are logged in to Systems Director with a user ID that has administrative privileges.
Windows only: Restart the DB2 Management server.

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a) Go to Start >Administrative Tools >Services.
b) Select DB2 Management Service from the services window and restart it.
If you want to download and install Storage Control, go to step 5. If you want to install Storage Control from read-
only media, such as a CD or mounted .iso image, go to step 8.
From the Systems Director summary page, click the link Try Storage Control in the upper right corner.

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A download page opens. Download the appropriate file for your operating system.
7.Extract the files to the directory where you want to install Storage Control, then go to step 9.
8. Copy the Storage Control installer directory from the CD or the mounted .iso image into a temporary directory
close to the system root. For example, /SCInstall for AIX or Linux and C:\SCInstall for Windows.
9. Access a command window and navigate to the directory where you extracted the files or where you copied

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the installer directory. Run the appropriate script. If you do not want the license agreement to display, use the -
ioption when you run the script. For example, StorageControlInstall.sh -i.
Important: If you are not using IBM DB2 managed by Systems Director, then
the DB2 user ID used must have DB2 Administrator privileges.
On Microsoft Windows systems, run the script StorageControlInstall.bat.

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55 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

On Linux and AIX systems, run the script StorageControlInstall.sh.

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10. Restart Systems Director as directed.

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Result:
Thus the program to install storage controller was executed successfully.


56 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find procedure to install storage controller and

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interact with it
Application:
A controller offers a level of abstraction between an operating system and the physical drives. A RAID
controller presents groups to applications and operating systems as logical units for which data protection
schemes can be defined.

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1. What is a snapshot?
2. What is Thick Provision Lazy Zeroed?
3. What is Thick Provision Eager Zeroed?
4. What is Thin Provision?

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5. What is VDI?
6. What is storage vMotion?
7. How many virtual CPUs can I use on a Fault Tolerant virtual machine?
8. What is the use of vmware tools?
9. What happens if vCenter Server is offline when a failover event occurs?

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10. What are the monitoring methods used for vSphere HA?
11. What are the roles of a master host in vSphere HA?
12. What is the hardware version used in VMware ESXi 5.5?
13. What is server virtualization?
14. What is Network Virtualization?

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15. What is template?
Viva-Voce


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EX.NO.6: PROCEDURE TO SET UP ONE HADOOP CLUSTER

Aim:

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To Find a procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
Follow the steps given below to have Hadoop Multi-Node cluster setup.
Installing Java
Java is the main prerequisite for Hadoop. First of all, you should verify the existence of java in your system using
?java -version?. The syntax of java version command is given below.

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$ java-version
If everything works fine it will give you the following output.
java version "1.7.0_71"
Java(TM) SE RuntimeEnvironment(build 1.7.0_71-b13)
JavaHotSpot(TM)Client VM (build 25.0-b02, mixed mode)

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If java is not installed in your system, then follow the given steps for installing java.
1. Download java (JDK - X64.tar.gz) by visiting the following link
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk7-downloads-1880260.html
Then jdk-7u71-linux-x64.tar.gz will be downloaded into your system.
2. Generally you will find the downloaded java file in Downloads folder. Verify it and extract the jdk-7u71-linux-

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x64.gz file using the following commands.
$ cdDownloads/
$ ls
jdk-7u71-Linux-x64.gz
$ tar zxf jdk-7u71-Linux-x64.gz

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$ ls
jdk1.7.0_71 jdk-7u71-Linux-x64.gz


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3. To make java available to all the users, you have to move it to the location ?/usr/local/?. Open the root, and type
the following commands.
$ su
password:

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# mv jdk1.7.0_71 /usr/local/
# exit
4. For setting up PATH and JAVA_HOME variables, add the following commands to ~/.bashrc file.
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.7.0_71
export PATH=PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin

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Now verify the java -version command from the terminal as explained above. Follow the above process and install
java in all your cluster nodes.
Creating User Account
Create a system user account on both master and slave systems to use the Hadoop installation.
# useraddhadoop

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# passwdhadoop
Mapping the nodes
You have to edit hosts file in /etc/ folder on all nodes, specify the IP address of each system followed by their host
names.
# vi /etc/hosts

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enter the following lines in the /etc/hosts file.
192.168.1.109hadoop-master
192.168.1.145 hadoop-slave-1
192.168.56.1 hadoop-slave-2
Configuring Key Based Login

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Setup ssh in every node such that they can communicate with one another without any prompt for password.
# suhadoop
$ ssh-keygen-t rsa
$ ssh-copy-id-i~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub tutorialspoint@hadoop-master
$ ssh-copy-id-i~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop_tp1@hadoop-slave-1

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$ ssh-copy-id-i~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop_tp2@hadoop-slave-2
$ chmod0600~/.ssh/authorized_keys
$ exit
Installing Hadoop
In the Master server, download and install Hadoop using the following commands.

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# mkdir /opt/hadoop
# cd /opt/hadoop/
# wget http://apache.mesi.com.ar/hadoop/common/hadoop-1.2.1/hadoop-1.2.0.tar.gz
# tar -xzf hadoop-1.2.0.tar.gz
# mv hadoop-1.2.0 hadoop

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59 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

# chown -R hadoop /opt/hadoop

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# cd /opt/hadoop/hadoop/
Configuring Hadoop
You have to configure Hadoop server by making the following changes as given below.
core-site.xml

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Open the core-site.xml file and edit it as shown below.


fs.default.name
hdfs://hadoop-master:9000/

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dfs.permissions
false

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hdfs-site.xml
Open the hdfs-site.xml file and edit it as shown below.

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dfs.data.dir
/opt/hadoop/hadoop/dfs/name/data
true

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dfs.name.dir
/opt/hadoop/hadoop/dfs/name
true

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dfs.replication
1

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mapred-site.xml
Open the mapred-site.xml file and edit it as shown below.

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mapred.job.tracker

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hadoop-master:9001


hadoop-env.sh
Open the hadoop-env.sh file and edit JAVA_HOME, HADOOP_CONF_DIR, and HADOOP_OPTS as shown below.

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Note: Set the JAVA_HOME as per your system configuration.
export JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk1.7.0_17 export HADOOP_OPTS=-Djava.net.preferIPv4Stack=trueexport
HADOOP_CONF_DIR=/opt/hadoop/hadoop/conf
Installing Hadoop on Slave Servers
Install Hadoop on all the slave servers by following the given commands.

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# suhadoop
$ cd/opt/hadoop
$ scp-r hadoop hadoop-slave-1:/opt/hadoop
$ scp-r hadoop hadoop-slave-2:/opt/hadoop
Configuring Hadoop on Master Server

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Open the master server and configure it by following the given commands.
# suhadoop
$ cd/opt/hadoop/hadoop
Configuring Master Node
$ vietc/hadoop/masters

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hadoop-master
Configuring Slave Node
$ vietc/hadoop/slaves
hadoop-slave-1
hadoop-slave-2

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Format Name Node on Hadoop Master
# suhadoop
$ cd/opt/hadoop/hadoop
$ bin/hadoopnamenode?format
11/10/1410:58:07 INFO namenode.NameNode:

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STARTUP_MSG:/************************************************************
STARTUP_MSG: Starting NameNode
STARTUP_MSG: host = hadoop-master/192.168.1.109
STARTUP_MSG: args = [-format]
STARTUP_MSG: version = 1.2.0

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STARTUP_MSG: build = https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/hadoop/common/branches/branch-1.2 -r 1479473;
compiled by 'hortonfo' on Mon May 6 06:59:37 UTC 2013


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STARTUP_MSG: java = 1.7.0_71 ************************************************************/11/10/1410:58:08 INFO
util.GSet:Computing capacity for map BlocksMapeditlog=/opt/hadoop/hadoop/dfs/name/current/edits
?.
?.

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?.11/10/1410:58:08 INFO common.Storage:Storage directory
/opt/hadoop/hadoop/dfs/name has been successfully formatted.11/10/1410:58:08 INFO namenode.NameNode:
SHUTDOWN_MSG:/************************************************************ SHUTDOWN_MSG: Shutting down
NameNode at hadoop-master/192.168.1.15 ************************************************************/
Starting Hadoop Services

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The following command is to start all the Hadoop services on the Hadoop-Master.
$ cd $HADOOP_HOME/sbin
$ start-all.sh
Adding a New DataNode in the Hadoop Cluster
Given below are the steps to be followed for adding new nodes to a Hadoop cluster.

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Networking
Add new nodes to an existing Hadoop cluster with some appropriate network configuration. Assume the following
network configuration.
For New node Configuration:
IP address :192.168.1.103

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netmask:255.255.255.0
hostname : slave3.in
Adding User and SSH Access
Add a User
On a new node, add "hadoop" user and set password of Hadoop user to "hadoop123" or anything you want by using

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the following commands.
useraddhadoop
passwdhadoop
Setup Password less connectivity from master to new slave.
Execute the following on the master

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mkdir-p $HOME/.ssh
chmod700 $HOME/.ssh
ssh-keygen-t rsa-P ''-f $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa
cat $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys
chmod644 $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys

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Copy the public key to new slave node inhadoop user $HOME directory
scp $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop@192.168.1.103:/home/hadoop/
Execute the following on the slaves
Login to hadoop. If not, login to hadoop user.

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suhadoopssh-X hadoop@192.168.1.103
Copy the content of public key into file "$HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys" and then change the permission for the

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same by executing the following commands.
cd $HOME
mkdir-p $HOME/.ssh
chmod700 $HOME/.ssh
cat id_rsa.pub >>$HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys

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chmod644 $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys
Check ssh login from the master machine. Now check if you can ssh to the new node without a password from the
master.
ssh hadoop@192.168.1.103or hadoop@slave3
Set Hostname of New Node

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You can set hostname in file /etc/sysconfig/network
Onnew slave3 machine
NETWORKING=yes
HOSTNAME=slave3.in
To make the changes effective, either restart the machine or run hostname command to a new machine with the

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respective hostname (restart is a good option).
On slave3 node machine:
hostname slave3.in
Update /etc/hosts on all machines of the cluster with the following lines:
192.168.1.102 slave3.in slave3

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Now try to ping the machine with hostnames to check whether it is resolving to IP or not.
On new node machine:
ping master.in
Start the DataNode on New Node
Start the datanode daemon manually using $HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoop-daemon.sh script. It will automatically

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contact the master (NameNode) and join the cluster. We should also add the new node to the conf/slaves file in the
master server. The script-based commands will recognize the new node.
Login to new node
suhadooporssh-X hadoop@192.168.1.103
Start HDFS on a newly added slave node by using the following command

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./bin/hadoop-daemon.sh start datanode


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Check the output of jps command on a new node. It looks as follows.
$ jps
7141DataNode
10312Jps
Removing a DataNode from the Hadoop Cluster

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We can remove a node from a cluster on the fly, while it is running, without any data loss. HDFS provides a
decommissioning feature, which ensures that removing a node is performed safely. To use it, follow the steps as
given below:
1. Login to master
Login to master machine user where Hadoop is installed.

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$ suhadoop
2 Change cluster configuration
An exclude file must be configured before starting the cluster. Add a key named dfs.hosts.exclude to our
$HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml file. The value associated with this key provides the full path to a file
on the NameNode's local file system which contains a list of machines which are not permitted to connect to HDFS.

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For example, add these lines to etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml file.

dfs.hosts.exclude
/home/hadoop/hadoop-1.2.1/hdfs_exclude.txt

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DFS exclude

3. Determine hosts to decommission
Each machine to be decommissioned should be added to the file identified by the hdfs_exclude.txt, one domain
name per line. This will prevent them from connecting to the NameNode. Content of the "/home/hadoop/hadoop-

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1.2.1/hdfs_exclude.txt" file is shown below, if you want to remove DataNode2.slave2.in
4. Force configuration reload
Run the command "$HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoopdfsadmin -refreshNodes" without the quotes.
$ $HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoopdfsadmin-refreshNodes
This will force the NameNode to re-read its configuration, including the newly updated ?excludes? file. It will

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decommission the nodes over a period of time, allowing time for each node's blocks to be replicated onto machines
which are scheduled to remain active.On slave2.in, check the jps command output. After some time, you will see the
DataNode process is shutdown automatically.
5. Shutdown nodes
After the decommission process has been completed, the decommissioned hardware can be safely shut down for

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maintenance. Run the report command to dfsadmin to check the status of decommission. The following command
will describe the status of the decommission node and the connected nodes to the cluster.


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$ $HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoopdfsadmin-report
6. Edit excludes file again
Once the machines have been decommissioned, they can be removed from the ?excludes? file. Running
"$HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoopdfsadmin -refreshNodes" again will read the excludes file back into the

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NameNode; allowing the DataNodes to rejoin the cluster after the maintenance has been completed, or additional
capacity is needed in the cluster again, etc.

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Result:
Thus the program to install storage controller was executed successfully.

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FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice


0 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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College o f Engineering
?

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DEPARTMENT OF
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
VII SEMESTER - R 2013

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Name : ______________________________________
Reg. No. : ______________________________________

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Section : ______________________________________
LABORATORY MANUAL


1 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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DHANALAKSHMI


is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and enterprising

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professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and training.


? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic Excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at different levels

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? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart and
soul

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

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To strive for acquiring, applying and imparting knowledge in Computer Science and Engineering through quality
education and to provide enthusiastic professionals with commitment


? To produce highly competent and globally employable engineers in the field of Computer Science and

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Engineering
? To inculcate human values among the student community and make them realize their commitment to the society
? To exhibit excellence in pursuit of research and innovative products with a zeal to serve the society

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VISION
VISION
MISSION
MISSION

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2 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)
1. Fundamentals

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To provide students with a solid foundation in Mathematics, Science and fundamentals of engineering, enabling
them to apply, to find solutions for engineering problems and use this knowledge to acquire higher education
2. Core Competence
To train the students in Computer science and engineering technologies so that they apply their knowledge and
training to compare, and to analyze various engineering industrial problems to find solutions

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3. Breadth
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice this enables them to
find solutions for the real time problems in industry, and to design products
4. Professionalism
To inculcate professional and effective communication skills, leadership qualities and team spirit in the students

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to make them multi-faceted personalities and develop their ability to relate engineering issues to broader social
context
5. Lifelong Learning/Ethics
To demonstrate and practice ethical and professional responsibilities in the industry and society in the large,
through commitment and lifelong learning needed for successful professional career

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4

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PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)
a) To demonstrate and apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Electronics and Communication Engineering field
b) To design a component, a system or a process to meet the specific needs within the realistic constraints

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such as economics, environment, ethics, health, safety and manufacturability
c) To demonstrate the competency to use software tools for computation, simulation and testing of electronics and
communication engineering circuits
d) To identify, formulate and solve electronic and communication engineering problems
e) To demonstrate an ability to visualize and work on laboratory and multidisciplinary tasks

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f) To function as a member or a leader in multidisciplinary activities
g) To communicate in verbal and written form with fellow engineers and society at large
h) To understand the impact of Electronics and Communication Engineering in the society and demonstrate awareness
of contemporary issues and commitment to give solutions exhibiting social responsibility
i) To demonstrate professional & ethical responsibilities

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j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To participate and succeed in competitive exams

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5 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

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SYLLABUS
Learn the working of ARM processor
Understand the Building Blocks of Embedded Systems
Learn the concept of memory map and memory interface
Know the characteristics of Real Time Systems

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Write programs to interface memory, I/Os with processor
Study the interrupt performance
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
GRID COMPUTING LAB
Use Globus Toolkit or equivalent and do the following:

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1. Develop a new Web Service for Calculator.
2. Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service.
3. Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service.
4. Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs
5. Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus Toolkit.

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6. Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it with and without
GRAM concept.

CLOUD COMPUTING LAB
Use Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent to set up the cloud and demonstrate.

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1. Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines
COURSE OBJECTIVES


6 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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can be utilized at particular time.
2. Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even
after the release of the virtual machine.
3. Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program.

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4. Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other.
5. Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it.
6. Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster.
7. Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE.
8. Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it.

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9. Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits.
? Design and implement applications on the Grid.
? Design and Implement applications on the Cloud.
? Design network objects by applying the networking concepts.
? Create virtualization concept.

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? Design web based applications.
? Apply cloud tools for resource allocation.
? Apply grid tools for network translation.
? Design private cloud using open stack.
COURSE OUTCOMES

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7


CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

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CONTENTS
Sl. No. Name of the Experiment Page No.
CYCLE 1 ? EXPERIMENTS ( GRID COMPUTING)
1
Develop a new Web Service for Calculator 7

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2
Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service 16
3
Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service 19
4

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Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs 22
5
Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus
Toolkit
25

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6
Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it
with and without GRAM concept
27
CYCLE 2 ? EXPERIMENTS (CLOUD COMPUTING)

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1
Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how
many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
34
2

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Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it
holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
36
3 Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program 39
4

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Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to
the other
42
5 Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it 45
6 Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster 47

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7 Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE
ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS
1 Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it 52
2 Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks 55

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8 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO GRID COMPUTING


GRID TECHNOLOGY

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? Flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and
resource
? Grid architecture
? Defined using services and protocols

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? Using the ?sand hourglass? model similar to the TCP/IP protocol stack

"A computational grid is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides dependable, consistent, pervasive and
inexpensive access to high-end computational capabilities."
Grid computing makes it possible to dynamically share and coordinate dispersed, heterogeneous computing

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resources. Flexibility and ubiquity are essential characteristics of Web services technologies such as WSDL (Web
Services Description Language), SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), and UDDI (Universal Description,
Discovery, and Integration).
The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) combines technologies to unlock and exploit grid-attached resources.
OGSA defines mechanisms to create, manage, and exchange information between Grid Services, a special type of

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Web service. The architecture uses WSDL extensively to describe the structure and behavior of a service. Service
descriptions are located and discovered using Web Services Inspection Language (WSIL). By combining elements
from grid computing and Web services technologies, OGSA establishes an extensible and interoperable design and
development framework for Grid Services that includes details for service definition, discovery, and life-cycle
management.

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9 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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GLOBUS TOOLKIT

The Globus Toolkit provides software tools to make it easier to build computational grids and grid-based
applications. The Globus Toolkit is both an open architecture and open source toolkit.

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? The Globus Toolkit is a product of the Globus Alliance (http://www.globus.org)
? It is middleware for developing grids
? The current release is 6.0.
? Four key protocols and APIs
? Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI)

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? Grid Resource Allocation & Mgmt (GRAM)
? Grid Resource Information Protocol (GRIP) and Index Information Protocol (GIIP)
? Grid File Transfer Protocol (GridFTP)
? Implementations on many platforms
? Resources, security systems, data models,

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? Various collective layer protocols & tools
? Info services, replica management, etc.
? A basis for many Grid-enabled tools & apps
FTP, SSH, Condor, SRB, MPI, EDG, GridPort,
GLOBUS TOOLKIT? COMPONENTS

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? Security
? GSI ? Grid Security Infrastructure
? Resource Management
? GRAM ? Grid Resource Allocation Manager
o globusrun

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o RSL
o gatekeeper
o job manager
o DUROC ? Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator
? Information Services

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? MDS ? Monitoring and Discovery Service


10 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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o GRIS ? Grid Resource Information Service
o GIIS ? Grid Index Information Service
o MDS Client
? Data Management
o GridFTP, GASS

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The Globus Toolkit latest version 6.0 includes:
GSI: security
GridFTP: file transfer
GRAM: job execution/resource management
MyProxy: credential repository/certificate authority

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GSI-OpenSSH: GSI secure single sign-on remote shell


11 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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GLOBUS TOOLKIT INSTALLATION PROCEDURE
Step1: For installing Globus Toolkit nothing more easy than download the latest package:
http://toolkit.globus.org/ftppub/gt6/installers/repo/globus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
sudodpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Step2: Update the repositories: sudo apt-get update

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Step3: To install Debian or Ubuntu package, download the globus-toolkit-repo package
from the link above and install it with the command:
root@sysa63:/home/#dpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Do the following for Debian-based systems:
root@sysa63:/home/#apt-get install globus-data-management-client

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12 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 01: DEVELOP A NEW WEB SERVICE FOR CALCULATOR

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Aim:
Develop a Web Service for new Calculator
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Our first web service is an extremely simple Math Web Service, which we'll refer to asMathService. It will
2. allow users to perform the following operations:

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a. Addition
b. Subtraction
3. Furthermore, MathService will have the following resource properties (RPs for short):
a. Value (integer)
b. Last operation performed (string)

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4. We will also add a "Get Value" operation to access the Value RP. Once a new resource is created, the
"value" RP is initialized to zero, and the "last operation" RP is initialized to "NONE". The parameter is
added/subtracted to the "value" RP, and the "last operation" RP is changed to "ADDITION" or
"SUBTRACTION" accordingly. Also, the addition and subtraction operations don't return anything.
5. Writing and deploying a WSRF Web Service is easier than you might think. You just have to follow five

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simple steps.
6. Define the service's interface. This is done with WSDL
7. Implement the service. This is done with Java.
8. Define the deployment parameters. This is done with WSDD and JNDI
9. Compile everything and generate a GAR file. This is done with Ant

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10. Deploy service. This is also done with a GT4 tool

Sample Code:

_instance"

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xmlns ="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"
xmlns:tns="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/examples/core/MathService_instance"
xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsrp="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-
ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.xsd" xmlns:wsrpw="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-

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13 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.wsdl"
xmlns:wsdlpp="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/2004/10/WSDLPreprocessor"

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xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">

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Result:

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Thus the program for developing web service for new calculator was successfully executed.



14 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid by using Web Service for new Calculator

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Applications:
To make a calculator in Windows application using web service


1) What is Web Service?

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2) What are the advantages of web services?
3) What are the different types of web services?
4) What is SOAP?
5) What are the advantages of SOAP web services?
6) What are the disadvantages of SOAP web services?

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7) What is WSDL?
8) What is UDDI?
9) What are RESTful web services?
10) What are the advantages of RESTful web services?
11) What is the difference between SOAP and REST web services?

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12) What is SOA service architecture?
13) What tools are used to deploy web services?
14) What is Web Service architecture?
15) What are the advantages of web services in globus toolkit?
16) What are the different types of web services?

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17) What is SOAP web services?
18) What is UDP and TCP?
19) What is stateless SOA?
20) What is data balancing in WSDL?
Viva-voce

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15 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 02: DEVELOP NEW OGSA-COMPLIANT WEB SERVICE

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Aim:
To develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid Service using .NET language.
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

1. Developed by the Global Grid Forum

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2. Aims to define a common, standard, open architecture for Grid Applications.
3. Defines a set of rules that make up a grid service.
4. Sharing and Coordinated use of diverse resources in Dynamic VO's

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Result:
Thus the program for developing OGSA- Complaint web service was successfully executed.

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16 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid
Service using .NET language
Applications:
? Sharing of information among diverse components of large heterogenous grid systems
? WAN

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1. How would you decide what style of Web Service to use? SOAP WS or REST?
2. Does the service expose data or business logic?

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3. Do consumers and the service providers require a formal contract?
4. Do we need to support multiple data formats?
5. Do we need to make AJAX calls?
6. Is the call synchronous or asynchronous?
7. What level of security is required?

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8. What level of transaction support is required?
9. Do we have limited band width?
10. What tools do you use to test your Web Services?
11. What is the difference between SOA and a Web service?
12. What is a microservice architecture (aka MSA)?

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13. What is data integrity?
14. What is cloud infrastructure?


Viva-voce

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17 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 03: USING APACHE AXIS DEVELOP A GRID SERVICE

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Aim:
To develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Creating the New Level in the Package
2. Edit the Configuration Files

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3. Modify the Service Code
4. Modify the Client
5. Compile and Deploy
6. Starting the Container
7. Compile the Client

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8. Run the Client

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18 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:
Addition was successful
Subtraction was successful

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Multiplication was successful
Division was successful
Current value: 20.

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Result:
Thus the program for Grid Service using Apache Axis was successfully executed.

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19 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Applications:
? To create web service in Java

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? To work with Globus Tool kit standards web service


1. What are the different application integration styles?
2. What is Grid Computing?

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3. What is QOS?
4. What are the derivatives of grid computing?
5. What are the features of data grids?
6. What is load balancing?
7. What is grid infrastructure?

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8. Define ? Distributed Computing.
9. Define ? OSGI.
10. Define ? OSGA.
11. What is the use of API?s in cloud services?
12. What is the difference between cloud and grid?

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13. What is data communication?
14. What are the elements of data communication?

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Viva-voce

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20 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 04: DEVELOP APPLICATIONS USING JAVA OR C/C++ GRID
APIS
Aim:

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To develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
1. Import all the necessary java packages and name the file as GridLayoutDemo.java
2. Set up components to preferred size
3. Add buttons to experiment with Grid Layout
4. Add controls to set up horizontal and vertical gaps

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5. Process the Apply gaps button press
6. Create the GUI
7. Create and set up the window,Set up the content pane and Display the Window
8. Schedule a job for the event dispatch thread
9. Show the application's GUI

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21 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00



Sample Output:

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Figure 1: Horizontal, Left-to-Right Figure 2: Horizontal, Right-to-Left

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Result:
Thus the program to develop an application in java using Grid APIs was successfully executed.

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22 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Applications:
Used for defining a application programme interface for common distributes computing functionality

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1) Describe the two most important advantages of using Distributed/Grid Computing.
2) What is the main function of DNS?
3) Briefly outline two applications of Public Key systems.

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4) Provide one major difference between synchronous and asynchronous communication.
5) Provide one major difference between ASCII and Unicode encodings.
6) Provide two major differences between sequential computing and parallel computing.
7) Write the any three Grid Applications.
8) Give the examples of Hardware service provider.

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9) Give the example of software application ASP.
10) What are grid portals? Give example.
11) What are the high level services including in existing globus tool kit?
12) Name the components available in Nimrod architecture?
13) What are the major objectives of Euro grid project?

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14) What is the application specific work packages identified for the Euro grid?
15) Define dynamic accounting system.

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Viva-voce


23 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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EX.NO. 05: DEVELOP SECURED APPLICATIONS USING BASIC
SECURITY MECHANISMS AVAILABLE IN GLOBUS TOOLKIT.
Aim:
To develop a secured applications using a basic security mechanisms available in Globus toolkit

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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The Globus Toolkit incorporates multiple security components that establish the identity of users or services
(authentication), protect communications, and determine who is allowed to perform what actions (authorization), as
well as manage user credentials.
? GSI C: The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and
certificate management.

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? MyProxy: MyProxy is open source software for managing X.509 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) security
credentials (certificates and private keys).
? GSI-OpenSSH: GSI-OpenSSH is a modified version of OpenSSH that adds support for X.509 proxy
certificate authentication and delegation, providing a single sign-on remote login and file transfer service.
The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and certificate

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management. The authentication API is built using Public KeyInfrastructure (PKI) technologies, e.g. X.509
Certificates and TLS. In addition to authentication it features a delegation mechanism based upon X.509 Proxy
Certificates. Authorization support takes the form of a couple of APIs. The first provides a generic authorization API
that allows callouts to perform access control based on the client's credentials (i.e. the X.509 certificate chain). The
second provides a simple access control list that maps authorized remote entities to local (system) user names. The

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second mechanism also provides callouts that allow third parties to override the default behavior and is currently
used in the Gatekeeper and GridFTP servers. In addition to the above there are various lower level APIs and tools
for managing, discovering and querying certificates.
Components for Grid Security
1. Basic Security Mechanisms

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2. Components for Credential Generation
3. Components for Credential Management


24 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Beyond verifying the identities of users and services, basic Grid security mechanisms leave access control decisions
to services. The Grid community has developed authorization and access control tools for storing and providing
access to system-wide authorization information and for creating a central data store for supporting decentralized
control mechanisms.

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Basic Security Mechanisms
? Pre-Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A non-Web services implementation of the Grid
Security Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI
mechanisms
? Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A Web services implementation of the Grid Security

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Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI mechanisms

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Result:
Thus the program to develop a security application available in Globus toolkit was successfully executed.
Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a secured applications using a basic security
mechanisms available in Globus toolkit

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25 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Applications:
To provide easy acces to best breed open source network security

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1. What are the collective services available in grid computing?
2. What are the basic principles of autonomous computing?
3. What are the four essential characteristics of on demand business?

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4. What are the essential capabilities provided by on demand business?
5. What are the two most important technologies for building semantic webs?
6. Define Peer to Peer computing?
7. What is the combination of Globus GT3 toolkit?
8. What is a GT3 core?

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9. What are the components available in service model?
10. Define WS-Trust
11. Define WS ?Federation
12. Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
13. Who are the actors in CDC?

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14. Mention the scenarios in CDC?
15. What are the functional requirements of CDC on OGSA?

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Viva-voce


26 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 06: DEVELOP A GRID PORTAL, WHERE USER CAN SUBMIT
A JOB AND GET THE RESULT, IMPLEMENT IT WITH AND WITHOUT
GRAM CONCEPT.
Aim:

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To develop a Grid portal and implement it with and without GRAM concept
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
Multiple times that the likely user interface to grid applications will be through portals, specifically Web portals. A grid
portal may be constructed as a Web page interface to provide easy access to grid applications. The Web user
interface provides user authentication, job submission, job monitoring, and results of the job.

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Globus Resource Allocation Manager (GRAM)
When a job is submitted by a client, the request is sent to the remote host and handled by a gatekeeper daemon.
The gatekeeper creates a job manager to start and monitor the job. When the job is finished, the job manager
sends the status information back to the client and terminates.
The GRAM subsystem consists of the following elements:

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? The globusrun command and associated APIs Resource Specification Language (RSL)
? The gatekeeper daemon The job manager Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator (DUROC)
Each of these elements are described briefly below.
The globusrun command
The globusrun command (or its equivalent API) submits a job to a resource within the grid. This command

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is typically passed an RSL string (see below) that specifies parameters and other properties required to successfully
launch and run the job


27 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Resource Specification Language (RSL)
RSL is a language used by clients to specify the job to be run. All job submission requests are described in an RSL
string that includes information such as the executable file; its parameters; information about redirection of stdin,
stdout, and stderr; and so on. Basically it provides a standard way of specifying all of the information required to

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execute a job, independent of the target environment. It is then the responsibility of the job manager on the target
system to parse the information and launch the job in the appropriate way.
The syntax of RSL is very straightforward. Each statement is enclosed within parenthesis. Comments are
designated with parenthesis and asterisks, for example, (* this is a comment *). Supported attributes include the
following:

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rsl_substitution: Defines variables
executable: The script or command to be run
arguments: Information or flags to be passed to the executable
stdin: Specifies the remote URL and local file used for the executable stdout: Specifies the remote file to place
standard output from the job stderr: Specifies the remote file to place standard error from the job queue: Specifies the

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queue to submit the job (requires a scheduler) count: Specifies the number of executions
directory: Specifies the directory to run the job
project: Specifies a project account for the job (requires a scheduler) dryRun: Verifies the RSL string but
does not run the job
maxMemory: Specifies the maximum amount of memory in MBs required for the job

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minMemory: Specifies the minimum amount of memory in MBs required for the job
hostCount: Specifies the number of nodes in a cluster required for the job environment: Specifies environment
variables that are required for the job
jobType: Specifies the type of job single process, multi-process, mpi, or condor
maxTime: Specifies the maximum execution wall or cpu time for one execution

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maxWallTime: Specifies the maximum walltime for one execution maxCpuTime: Specifies the maximum
cpu time for one execution
gramMyjob: Specifies the whether the gram myjob interface starts one process/thread (independent) or more
(collective)

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28 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to develop Grid Portal was successfully executed.

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29 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid portal and implement it with and
without GRAM concept
Application:

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? It is useful and necessary for interfaces for the performance of operations on the Grid. The Grid
Portal Development Kit (GPDK) facilitates the development of Grid portals and provides several key
reusable components for accessing various Grid services.
? A Grid Portal provides a customizable interface allowing scientists to perform a variety of Grid
operations including remote program submission, file staging, and querying of information services

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from a single, secure gateway.
? The Grid Portal Development Kit leverages off existing Globus/Grid middleware infrastructure as
well as commodity web technology including Java Server Pages and servlets .

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1) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?
2) What are the major goals of OGSA?
3) What are the more specific goals of OGSA?
4) What are the main purposes of use case defined by OGSA?

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5) Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
6) What are the layers available in OGSA architectural organizations?
7) What are the OGSA basic services?
8) What are the two aspects involved in GRAM?
9) What are the two kinds of lifecycle model associated with state data recovery?

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10) What is a GT3 core?
11) What are the major components of default server side framework?
12) What is Grid container?
13) What are the two levels of security available in GT3?
14) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?

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15) What are the two different message-level authentication mechanisms provided by GT3 framework?
16) What are the most common GT3 security handlers?
Viva-voce

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30 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

INTRODUCTION TO CLOUD COMPUTING

What is cloud computing?

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Cloud computing means that instead of all the computer hardware and software you're using sitting on your
desktop, or somewhere inside your company's network, it's provided for you as a service by another company and
accessed over the Internet, usually in a completely seamless way. Exactly where the hardware and software is
located and how it all works doesn't matter to you, the user?it's just somewhere up in the nebulous "cloud" that the
Internet represents.

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Cloud computing is a buzzword that means different things to different people. For some, it's just another way of
describing IT (information technology) "outsourcing"; others use it to mean any computing service provided over the
Internet or a similar network; and some define it as any bought-in computer service you use that sits outside your
firewall.
Types of cloud computing

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IT people talk about three different kinds of cloud computing, where different services are being provided for you.
Note that there's a certain amount of vagueness about how these things are defined and some overlap between
them.
? Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) means you're buying access to raw computing hardware over the Net,
such as servers or storage. Since you buy what you need and pay-as-you-go, this is often referred to as

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utility computing. Ordinary web hosting is a simple example of IaaS: you pay a monthly subscription or a
per-megabyte/gigabyte fee to have a hosting company serve up files for your website from their servers.
? Software as a Service (SaaS) means you use a complete application running on someone else's system.
Web-based email and Google Documents are perhaps the best-known examples. Zoho is another well-
known SaaS provider offering a variety of office applications online.

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? Platform as a Service (PaaS) means you develop applications using Web-based tools so they run on
systems software and hardware provided by another company. So, for example, you might develop your
own ecommerce website but have the whole thing, including the shopping cart, checkout, and payment
mechanism running on a merchant's server. App Cloud (from salesforce.com) and the Google App Engine
are examples of PaaS.

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Advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing
Advantages
The pros of cloud computing are obvious and compelling. If your business is selling books or repairing shoes,
why get involved in the nitty gritty of buying and maintaining a complex computer system? If you run an insurance
office, do you really want your sales agents wasting time running anti-virus software, upgrading word-processors, or

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worrying about hard-drive crashes? Do you really want them cluttering your expensive computers with their personal


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emails, illegally shared MP3 files, and naughty YouTube videos?when you could leave that responsibility to
someone else? Cloud computing allows you to buy in only the services you want, when you want them, cutting the
upfront capital costs of computers and peripherals. You avoid equipment going out of date and other familiar IT
problems like ensuring system security and reliability. You can add extra services (or take them away) at a moment's
notice as your business needs change. It's really quick and easy to add new applications or services to your

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business without waiting weeks or months for the new computer (and its software) to arrive.
Drawbacks
Instant convenience comes at a price. Instead of purchasing computers and software, cloud computing means you
buy services, so one-off, upfront capital costs become ongoing operating costs instead. That might work out much
more expensive in the long-term.

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If you're using software as a service (for example, writing a report using an online word processor or sending emails
through webmail), you need a reliable, high-speed, broadband Internet connection functioning the whole time you're
working. That's something we take for granted in countries such as the United States, but it's much more of an issue
in developing countries or rural areas where broadband is unavailable.
An Introduction to Cloud Computing with OpenNebula

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An OpenNebula Private Cloud provides infrastructure users with an elastic platform for fast delivery and scalability of
services to meet dynamic demands of service end-users. Services are hosted in VMs, and then submitted,
monitored and controlled in the Cloud by using Sunstone or any of the OpenNebula interfaces:
? Command Line Interface (CLI)
? XML-RPC API

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? OpenNebulaRuby and Java Cloud APIs
The aim of a Private Cloud is not to expose to the world a cloud interface to sell capacity over the Internet, but to
provide local cloud users and administrators with a flexible and agile private infrastructure to run virtualized service
workloads within the administrative domain. OpenNebula virtual infrastructure interfaces expose user and
administrator functionality for virtualization, networking, image and physical resource configuration, management,

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monitoring and accounting.

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32 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No.1: FIND PROCEDURE TO RUN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE OF
DIFFERENT CONFIGURATION. CHECK HOW MANY VIRTUAL
MACHINES CAN BE UTILIZED AT PARTICULAR TIME.

Aim:

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To Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be
utilized at particular time
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

Creating Virtual Machines
In OpenNebula the Virtual Machines are defined with Template files. The Template Repository system allows

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OpenNebula administrators and users to register Virtual Machine definitions in the system, to be instantiated later as
Virtual Machine instances. These Templates can be instantiated several times, and also shared with other users.
Virtual Machine Model
A Virtual Machine within the OpenNebula system consists of:
? A capacity in terms memory and CPU

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? A set of NICs attached to one or more virtual networks
? A set of disk images
? A state file (optional) or recovery file, that contains the memory image of a running VM plus some hypervisor
specific information.
The above items, plus some additional VM attributes like the OS kernel and context information to be used inside the

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VM, are specified in a template file.
Defining a VM in 3 Steps
Virtual Machines are defined in an OpenNebula Template. Templates are stored in a repository to easily browse and
instantiate VMs from them. To create a new Template you have to define 3 things

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33 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

? Capacity & Name, how big will the VM be?
Attribute Description Mandatory Default

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NAME Name that the VM will get for description purposes. Yes one-
MEMORY Amount of RAM required for the VM, in Megabytes. Yes
CPU CPU ratio (e..g half a physical CPU is 0.5). Yes
VCPU Number of virtual cpus. No 1
Disks. Each disk is defined with a DISK attribute. A VM can use three types of disk:

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? Use a persistent Image changes to the disk image will persist after the VM is shutdown.
? Use a non-persistent Image images are cloned, changes to the image will be lost.
? Volatile disks are created on the fly on the target host. After the VM is shutdown the disk is disposed.

Persistent and Clone Disks

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Attribute Description Mandatory Default
IMAGE_ID and IMAGE The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes
IMAGE_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No self
IMAGE_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No self
Volatile

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Attribute Description Mandatory Default
TYPE
Type of the disk: swap, fs. swap type will set the label to swap so it is
easier to mount and the context packages will automatically mount it.
Yes

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SIZE size in MB Yes
FORMAT
filesystem for fs images: ext2, ext3, etc. raw will not format the image. For
VMs to run on vmfs or vmwareshared configurations, the valid values are:
Yes

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Attribute Description Mandatory Default

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vmdk_thin, vmdk_zeroedthick, vmdk_eagerzeroedthick

Network Interfaces. Each network interface of a VM is defined with the NIC attribute.
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
NETWORK_ID and NETWORK The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes

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NETWORK_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No Self
NETWORK_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No Self

The following example shows a VM Template file with a couple of disks and a network interface, also a VNC section
was added.

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NAME = test-vm
MEMORY = 128
CPU = 1

DISK = [ IMAGE = "Arch Linux" ]

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DISK = [ TYPE = swap,
SIZE = 1024 ]

NIC = [ NETWORK = "Public", NETWORK_UNAME="oneadmin" ]

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GRAPHICS = [
TYPE = "vnc",
LISTEN = "0.0.0.0"]
Simple templates can be also created using the command line instead of creating a template file. The parameters to
do this for onetemplate are:

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Parameter

Description
--namename Name for the VM

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--cpucpu CPU percentage reserved for the VM (1=100% one CPU)


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Parameter

Description
--vcpuvcpu Number of virtualized CPUs

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--archarch Architecture of the VM, e.g.: i386 or x86_64
--memorymemory Memory ammount given to the VM
--diskdisk0,disk1 Disks to attach. To use a disk owned by other user use user[disk]
--nicvnet0,vnet1 Networks to attach. To use a network owned by other user use user[network]
--rawstring

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Raw string to add to the template. Not to be confused with the RAW attribute. If you want
to provide more than one element, just include an enter inside quotes, instead of using
more than one -raw option
--vnc Add VNC server to the VM
--ssh[file]

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Add an ssh public key to the context. If the file is omited then the user variable
SSH_PUBLIC_KEY will be used.
--net_context Add network contextualization parameters
--contextline1,line2 * Lines to add to the context section
--bootdevice Select boot device (hd, fd, cdrom or network)

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A similar template as the previous example can be created with the following command:
$ onetemplate create --name test-vm --memory 128 --cpu 1 --disk "Arch Linux" --nic Public
Managing Virtual Machines
Assuming we have a VM Template registered called vm-example with ID 6, then we can instantiate the VM issuing
a:

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$ onetemplate list

ID USER GROUP NAME REGTIME
6 oneadminoneadminvm_example 09/28 06:44:07

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$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm


36 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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VM ID: 0
If the template has USER INPUTSdefined the CLI will prompt the user for these values:
$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm

There are some parameters that require user input.

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* (BLOG_TITLE) Blog Title:
* (DB_PASSWORD) Database Password:
VM ID: 0
Afterwards, the VM can be listed with the onevmlist command. You can also use the onevmtop command to list VMs

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continuously.
$ onevm list

ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME
0 oneadminoneadminmy_vm pend 0 0K 00 00:00:03

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After a Scheduling cycle, the VM will be automatically deployed. But the deployment can also be forced by oneadmin
using onevmdeploy:
$ onehost list

ID NAME RVM TCPU FCPU ACPU TMEM FMEM AMEM STAT

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2 testbed 0 800 800 800 16G 16G16G on
$ onevm deploy 0 2

$ onevm list

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ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME
0 oneadminoneadminmy_vmrunn 0 0K testbed 00 00:02:40

$ onevm show 0
VIRTUAL MACHINE 0 INFORMATION

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ID :0
NAME : my_vm
USER : oneadmin
GROUP : oneadmin

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STATE : ACTIVE
LCM_STATE : RUNNING

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START TIME : 04/14 09:00:24
END TIME : -
DEPLOY ID: : one-0
PERMISSIONS
OWNER : um-

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GROUP : ---
OTHER : ---
VIRTUAL MACHINE MONITORING
NET_TX : 13.05
NET_RX : 0

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USED MEMORY : 512
USED CPU : 0
VIRTUAL MACHINE TEMPLATE
VIRTUAL MACHINE HISTORY

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SEQ HOSTNAME REASON START TIME PTIME

0 testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00
testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00

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38 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:

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Thus the program to run virtual machines on different configuration was successfully executed & its utilization time is
checked in various machines.


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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find procedure to run the virtual machine of different

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Configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
Applications:
? An advantage of virtualizing the workload?s I/O path enables hardware independence by
abstracting vendor specific drivers to more generalized versions that run on the hypervisor.
? It allows the live migration, which is one of virtualization?s greatest availability strengths

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? The sharing of aggregate resources, such as network paths



1. What is cloud computing?

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2. What are the benefits of cloud computing?
3. What are the different data types used in cloud computing?
4. What are the different layers in cloud computing?
5. What do you mean by software as a service?
6. What is on-demand functionality? How is it provided in cloud computing?

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7. What are the platforms used for large scale cloud computing?
8. What are the different models for deployment in cloud computing?
9. What is the difference between cloud computing and mobile computing?
10. What are the open source cloud computing platform databases?
11. What is the difference between cloud and traditional datacenters?

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12. Why API's is used in cloud services?
13. What are the different datacenters in cloud computing?
14. Define API in data virtualization?
15. List of API in cloud?
Viva-voce

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40 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No.02: FIND PROCEDURE TO ATTACH VIRTUAL BLOCK TO

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THE VIRTUAL MACHINE AND CHECK WHETHER IT HOLDS THE
DATA EVEN AFTER THE RELEASE OF THE VIRTUAL MACHINE.
Aim:
To find a procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even after the
release of the virtual machine

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos

Procedure:
VirtualBox uses a special kernel module called vboxdrv to perform physical memory allocation and to gain control of
the processor for guest system execution. Without this kernel module, you can still use the VirtualBox manager to

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configure virtual machines, but they will not start. In addition, there are the network kernel modules vboxnetflt and
vboxnetadp which are required for the more advanced networking features of VirtualBox.
The VirtualBox kernel module is automatically installed on your system when you install VirtualBox. To
maintain it with future kernel updates, for those Linux distributions which provide it -- most current ones -- we
recommend installing Dynamic Kernel Module Support (DKMS). This framework helps with building and upgrading

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kernel modules.
If DKMS is not already installed, execute one of the following:
On an Ubuntu system:
sudo apt-get install dkms
If DKMS is available and installed, the VirtualBox kernel module should always work automatically, and it will be

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automatically rebuilt if your host kernel is updated.
Otherwise, there are only two situations in which you will need to worry about the kernel module:
1. The original installation fails. This probably means that your Linux system is not prepared for building
external kernel modules.

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41 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Most Linux distributions can be set up simply by installing the right packages - normally, these will be the
GNU compiler (GCC), GNU Make (make) and packages containing header files for your kernel - and making

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sure that all system updates are installed and that the system is running the most up-to-date kernel included
in the distribution. The version numbers of the header file packages must be the same as that of the kernel
you are using.
? With Debian and Ubuntu releases, you must install the right version of the linux-headers and if it exists
the linux-kbuild package. Current Ubuntu releases should have the right packages installed by default.

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? In even older Debian and Ubuntu releases, you must install the right version of the kernel-headers
package.
? On Fedora and Redhat systems, the package is kernel-devel.
? On SUSE and openSUSE Linux, you must install the right versions of the kernel-source and kernel-syms
packages.

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? If you have built your own kernel, you will need to make sure that you also installed all the required
header and other files for building external modules to the right locations. The details of how to do
this will depend on how you built your kernel, and if you are unsure you should consult the
documentation which you followed to do so.
2. The kernel of your Linux host was updated and DKMS is not installed. In that case, the kernel module will

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need to be reinstalled by executing (as root):
rcvboxdrv setup
Performing the installation
VirtualBox is available in a number of package formats native to various common Linux distributions. In addition,
there is an alternative generic installer (.run) which should work on most Linux distributions.

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Installing VirtualBox from a Debian/Ubuntu package
First, download the appropriate package for your distribution. The following examples assume that you are installing
to a 32-bit Ubuntu Wily system. Use dpkg to install the Debian package:
sudodpkg -i virtualbox-5.0_5.0.20_Ubuntu_wily_i386.deb
The installer will also try to build kernel modules suitable for the current running kernel. If the build process is not

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successful you will be shown a warning and the package will be left unconfigured. Please have a look at /var/log/vbox-
install.log to find out why the compilation failed. You may have to install the appropriate Linux kernel After correcting
any problems, do

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sudorcvboxdrv setup
This will start a second attempt to build the module.
If a suitable kernel module was found in the package or the module was successfully built, the installation script will

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attempt to load that module.
Once VirtualBox has been successfully installed and configured, you can start it by selecting "VirtualBox" in your
start menu or from the command line.
Using the alternative installer (VirtualBox.run)
The alternative installer performs the following steps:

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? It unpacks the application files to the target directory,
/opt/VirtualBox/
which cannot be changed.
? It builds the VirtualBox kernel modules (vboxdrv, vboxnetflt and vboxnetadp) and installs them.
? It creates /sbin/rcvboxdrv, an init script to start the VirtualBox kernel module.

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? It creates a new system group called vboxusers.
? It creates symbolic links in /usr/bin to the a shell script (/opt/VirtualBox/VBox) which does some sanity checks
and dispatches to the actual executables, VirtualBox, VBoxSDL, VBoxVRDP, VBoxHeadless and VBoxManage
? It creates /etc/udev/rules.d/60-vboxdrv.rules, a description file for udev, if that is present, which makes the USB
devices accessible to all users in the vboxusers group.

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? It writes the installation directory to /etc/vbox/vbox.cfg.
The installer must be executed as root with either install or uninstall as the first parameter.
sudo ./VirtualBox.run install
Or if you do not have the "sudo" command available, run the following as root instead:
./VirtualBox.run install

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After that you need to put every user which should be able to access USB devices from VirtualBox guests in the

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group vboxusers, either through the GUI user management tools or by running the following command as root:
sudousermod -a -G vboxusers username
Performing a manual installation
If, for any reason, you cannot use the shell script installer described previously, you can also perform a manual
installation. Invoke the installer like this:

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./VirtualBox.run --keep --noexec
This will unpack all the files needed for installation in the directory install under the current directory. The VirtualBox
application files are contained in VirtualBox.tar.bz2 which you can unpack to any directory on your system. For
example:
sudomkdir /opt/VirtualBox

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sudo tar jxf ./install/VirtualBox.tar.bz2 -C /opt/VirtualBox
or as root:
mkdir /opt/VirtualBox
tarjxf ./install/VirtualBox.tar.bz2 -C /opt/VirtualBox
The sources for VirtualBox's kernel module are provided in the src directory. To build the module, change to the

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directory and issuemake
If everything builds correctly, issue the following command to install the module to the appropriate module directory:
sudo make install
In case you do not have sudo, switch the user account to root and performmake install
The VirtualBox kernel module needs a device node to operate. The above make command will tell you how to create

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the device node, depending on your Linux system. The procedure is slightly different for a classical Linux setup with
a /dev directory, a system with the now deprecated devfs and a modern Linux system with udev.
Note that the /dev/vboxdrv kernel module device node must be owned by root:root and must be read/writable only for
the user.Next, you will have to install the system initialization script for the kernel module:
cp /opt/VirtualBox/vboxdrv.sh /sbin/rcvboxdrv

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mkdir /etc/vbox
echo INSTALL_DIR=/opt/VirtualBox> /etc/vbox/vbox.cfg


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and, for convenience, create the following symbolic links:
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VirtualBox
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxManage
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxHeadless

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ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxSDL

Sample Output:

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Result:
Thus the program to attach virtual block to virtual machine was successfully executed & checked whether it holds the

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data after the release of the virtual machine.


45 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find a procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual
machine and check whether it holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine

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Application:
? To support the Cloud Computing with the Virtual Block Store System. The fast development of cloud
computing systems stimulates the needs for a standalone block storage system to provide persistent
block storage services to virtual machines maintained by clouds.

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1. What is Type-1 and Type-2 hypervisor?
2. What is the use of virsh command?
3. Explain how you can transfer volume from one owner to another in Open Stack?

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4. Discuss about KVM Features?
5. What is Virtual block?
6. What is Virtualization?
7. What are virtual clusters?
8. How virtualization happens in data center?

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9. List some of the open source grid middleware packages.
10. What is a programming model?
11. What is Hadoop?
12. What are map and reduce functions?
13. How to run a job in hadoop?

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14. What is HDFS?
15. What are the open source grid middleware packages?
16. What is peer to peer computing?
17. What are node clusters?
18. How virtual migration happens in data center?

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Viva-voce


46 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No.03: INSTALL A C COMPILER IN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE AND
EXECUTE A SAMPLE PROGRAM.
Aim:
To Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Create a VM and Install any OS on it.

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2.Install a C compiler on OS
3.Open a Editor and type the sample program and Save.
4.Compile and run the Program
Example:
C programming on Linux based Environement

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1. Open Terminal (Applications-Accessories-Terminal)
2. Open gedit by typing ?gedit&? on terminal(You can also use any other Text Editor application)
3. Type the following on gedit
(or any other text editor)

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#include
main()
{
printf("Hello World\n");
}

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Save this file as
?helloworld. C?
5. Type ?ls? on Terminal to see all files under current folder
6. Confirm that ?helloworld.c? is in the current directory.
If not, type cd DIRECTORY_PATH to go to the

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directory that has ?helloworld.c?
7. Type ?gcchelloworld.c? to compile, and type ?ls? to
confirm that a new executable file ?a.out? is created
8. Type ?./a.out? on Terminal to run the program

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47 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to install a C complier is done and the sample program was executed successfully.

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48 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and
execute a sample program
Application:
The application of installing a C compiler in the virtual machine benefits to have a portable executable, for

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each platform.

1. What is the difference between Xen & KVM ?
2. What are different hypervisors available in Linux ?
3. Which command is used to list all virtual machine running on the KVM hypervisor ?

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4. What are the different states of a VM in Xen hypervisor ?
5. How to forcefully shutdown the KVM based virtual machine from the command line ?
6. What is virtual Machine?
7. What is Compiler?
8. What is Directory?

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9. List the C Compilers available?
10. What is virtualization?
11. List out VM operations
12. What are different hypervisors available in windows?
13. How to implement applications on the cloud to install C compiler?

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14. What are grid and cloud tools available?
15. What is hypervisor?
Viva-voce

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49 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No.04: SHOW THE VIRTUAL MACHINE MIGRATION BASED ON
THE CERTAIN CONDITION FROM ONE NODE TO THE OTHER.

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Aim:
To Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other

Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

Procedure:
1.Update source and target virtual machines to latest package versions

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To help ensure that platform images between cloud providers are running the same version of key operating system
packages, update these packages to the latest versions on both source and target virtual machines.
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
2. Install rsync and screen packages on source and target virtual machines

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The migration of application packages and files in this process will use rsync over ssh between source and target
virtual machines. The actual transfer of files between virtual machines can take some time, so I also recommend
using screen so that you can easily re-attach to an in-progress migration session if you are inadvertently
disconnected.
Ensure that rsync and screen packages are installed on both the source and target virtual machines with these

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commands:
sudo apt-get install rsync
sudo apt-get install screen
3. Add a consistent user account to both source and target virtual machines
To facilitate the migration process, ensure that you have a consistent user account configured on both source and

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target virtual machines with sudo enabled. The newly provisioned target virtual machines from Task 3 already


50 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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include a user named azureuser with sudo enabled. To configure this same user on each source virtual machine,
use the following commands:
sudogroupadd -g 500 azureuser
sudouseradd -u 500 -g 500 -m -s /bin/bash azureuser
sudopasswdazureuser

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4. Start a screen session for the migration
On the source virtual machine, enter a new screen session for the migration by using the following command:
sudo screen -S AzureMigration
If you are disconnected from the source virtual machine during the migration process, you can reconnect to the
detached screen session by using the following command after signing in again to the source virtual machine:

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sudo screen -r
5. Build an exclusion list of directories and files
During the migration, we want to be careful to skip any files that include configuration information relating to the
identity of the source virtual machines, such as IP addresses, hostnames, ssh keys, etc. For the Ubuntu-based
virtual machines that we migrated, we used the following commands on each source virtual machine to build our

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list of directories and files to exclude from the migration process:
EXCLUDEFILE=/tmp/exclude.file
EXCLUDELIST='/boot /etc/fstab /etc/hostname /etc/issue /etc/hosts
/etc/sudoers /etc/networks /etc/network/* /etc/resolv.conf
/etc/ssh/* /etc/sysctl.conf /etc/mtab /etc/udev/rules.d/*

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/lock /net /tmp'
EXCLUDEPATH=$(echo $EXCLUDELIST | sed 's/\ /\\n/g')
echo -e $EXCLUDEPATH > $EXCLUDEFILE
find / -name '*cloud-init*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE
find / -name '*cloud-config*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE

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find / -name '*cloud-final*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE


51 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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The actual list of directories and files that you exclude may vary from this list, based on the Linux distro version,
packages and applications that you are migrating.
Credits: Kudos to Kevin Carter who wrote a great article a couple years ago that provided a useful starting point for
building a list of directories and files to consider excluding as part of a Linux-to-Linux migration process!
6. Stop applications during migration

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To minimize application data changes from occurring during the migration process, stop the related applications and
daemons on the source virtual machines. The application that we migrated was a web application built using
Apache2, so we simply stopped the related Apache2 daemon.
sudo service stop apache2
7. Migrate the application files and data

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From each source virtual machine, migrate application files and data using two rsync passes over ssh. The first
pass performs the bulk of the data transfer, whereas the second pass uses checksums to confirm that all files were
transferred successfully.
TARGETVM="insert_target_vm_public_ip_address"
rsync -e "ssh" -rlpEAXogDtSzh -P -x ?exclude-from="$EXCLUDEFILE" ?rsync-path="sudorsync" ?

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verbose ?progress / azureuser@$TARGETVM:/
rsync -e "ssh" -crlpEAXogDtSzh -P -x ?exclude-from="$EXCLUDEFILE" ?rsync-path="sudorsync" ?
verbose ?progress / azureuser@$TARGETVM:/
8. Restart each target virtual machine
After both rsync passes have completed, restart each target virtual machine to complete the migration

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process.
sshazureuser@$TARGETVM
shutdown -r now

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52 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:

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Thus the program to implement migration of virtual machine was executed successfully.


53 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to Show the virtual machine migration based on the
certain condition from one node to the other

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Application:
? Its easier to migrate a Virtual Machine from one server to another, than migrating the operating
system and application(s) individually.
? Using Virtual Machine Migration, its possible to migrate operating systems and applications from
older servers to newer servers easily and without disrupting the services.

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1. What are the basic requirements of VM live migration in KVM?
2. Which command is used in KVM for VMs live migration?
3. How to get hardware information of KVM guest machine?
4. What is VM migration?

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5. Which type of virtualization is also characteristic of cloud computing ?
6. Which virtualization standard does the WebSphere Application Server Hypervisor Edition use?
7.Which three tools are included in the IBM Rational Jazz Collaborative Application Lifecycle
Management (C/ALM) solution?
8. What are two ways a public cloud helps customers reduce their IT costs?

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9.What functionality is provided by the IBM Security Network Intrusion Prevention System Virtual
Appliance for a cloud environment?
10. What are two important benefits of using cloud computing?
11. What is the value of IBM Security Information and Event Manager in a cloud provider environment?
12. What is the main purpose of an IBM CloudBurst solution?

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Viva-voce


54 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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EX.NO.5: PROCEDURE TO INSTALL STORAGE CONTROLLER AND
INTERACT WITH IT.
Aim:
Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:

To install Storage Control, follow these steps.
Ensure that Systems Director 6.3 is installed and running.

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Ensure that you are logged in to Systems Director with a user ID that has administrative privileges.
Windows only: Restart the DB2 Management server.
a) Go to Start >Administrative Tools >Services.
b) Select DB2 Management Service from the services window and restart it.
If you want to download and install Storage Control, go to step 5. If you want to install Storage Control from read-

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only media, such as a CD or mounted .iso image, go to step 8.
From the Systems Director summary page, click the link Try Storage Control in the upper right corner.
A download page opens. Download the appropriate file for your operating system.
7.Extract the files to the directory where you want to install Storage Control, then go to step 9.
8. Copy the Storage Control installer directory from the CD or the mounted .iso image into a temporary directory

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close to the system root. For example, /SCInstall for AIX or Linux and C:\SCInstall for Windows.
9. Access a command window and navigate to the directory where you extracted the files or where you copied
the installer directory. Run the appropriate script. If you do not want the license agreement to display, use the -
ioption when you run the script. For example, StorageControlInstall.sh -i.
Important: If you are not using IBM DB2 managed by Systems Director, then

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the DB2 user ID used must have DB2 Administrator privileges.
On Microsoft Windows systems, run the script StorageControlInstall.bat.


55 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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On Linux and AIX systems, run the script StorageControlInstall.sh.
10. Restart Systems Director as directed.

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Result:
Thus the program to install storage controller was executed successfully.

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56 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find procedure to install storage controller and
interact with it
Application:
A controller offers a level of abstraction between an operating system and the physical drives. A RAID

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controller presents groups to applications and operating systems as logical units for which data protection
schemes can be defined.

1. What is a snapshot?
2. What is Thick Provision Lazy Zeroed?

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3. What is Thick Provision Eager Zeroed?
4. What is Thin Provision?
5. What is VDI?
6. What is storage vMotion?
7. How many virtual CPUs can I use on a Fault Tolerant virtual machine?

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8. What is the use of vmware tools?
9. What happens if vCenter Server is offline when a failover event occurs?
10. What are the monitoring methods used for vSphere HA?
11. What are the roles of a master host in vSphere HA?
12. What is the hardware version used in VMware ESXi 5.5?

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13. What is server virtualization?
14. What is Network Virtualization?
15. What is template?
Viva-Voce

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57 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


EX.NO.6: PROCEDURE TO SET UP ONE HADOOP CLUSTER

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Aim:
To Find a procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
Follow the steps given below to have Hadoop Multi-Node cluster setup.
Installing Java

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Java is the main prerequisite for Hadoop. First of all, you should verify the existence of java in your system using
?java -version?. The syntax of java version command is given below.
$ java-version
If everything works fine it will give you the following output.
java version "1.7.0_71"

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Java(TM) SE RuntimeEnvironment(build 1.7.0_71-b13)
JavaHotSpot(TM)Client VM (build 25.0-b02, mixed mode)
If java is not installed in your system, then follow the given steps for installing java.
1. Download java (JDK - X64.tar.gz) by visiting the following link
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk7-downloads-1880260.html

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Then jdk-7u71-linux-x64.tar.gz will be downloaded into your system.
2. Generally you will find the downloaded java file in Downloads folder. Verify it and extract the jdk-7u71-linux-
x64.gz file using the following commands.
$ cdDownloads/
$ ls

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jdk-7u71-Linux-x64.gz
$ tar zxf jdk-7u71-Linux-x64.gz
$ ls
jdk1.7.0_71 jdk-7u71-Linux-x64.gz

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58 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

3. To make java available to all the users, you have to move it to the location ?/usr/local/?. Open the root, and type
the following commands.

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$ su
password:
# mv jdk1.7.0_71 /usr/local/
# exit
4. For setting up PATH and JAVA_HOME variables, add the following commands to ~/.bashrc file.

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export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.7.0_71
export PATH=PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
Now verify the java -version command from the terminal as explained above. Follow the above process and install
java in all your cluster nodes.
Creating User Account

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Create a system user account on both master and slave systems to use the Hadoop installation.
# useraddhadoop
# passwdhadoop
Mapping the nodes
You have to edit hosts file in /etc/ folder on all nodes, specify the IP address of each system followed by their host

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names.
# vi /etc/hosts
enter the following lines in the /etc/hosts file.
192.168.1.109hadoop-master
192.168.1.145 hadoop-slave-1

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192.168.56.1 hadoop-slave-2
Configuring Key Based Login
Setup ssh in every node such that they can communicate with one another without any prompt for password.
# suhadoop
$ ssh-keygen-t rsa

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$ ssh-copy-id-i~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub tutorialspoint@hadoop-master
$ ssh-copy-id-i~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop_tp1@hadoop-slave-1
$ ssh-copy-id-i~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop_tp2@hadoop-slave-2
$ chmod0600~/.ssh/authorized_keys
$ exit

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Installing Hadoop
In the Master server, download and install Hadoop using the following commands.
# mkdir /opt/hadoop
# cd /opt/hadoop/
# wget http://apache.mesi.com.ar/hadoop/common/hadoop-1.2.1/hadoop-1.2.0.tar.gz

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# tar -xzf hadoop-1.2.0.tar.gz
# mv hadoop-1.2.0 hadoop


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# chown -R hadoop /opt/hadoop
# cd /opt/hadoop/hadoop/
Configuring Hadoop
You have to configure Hadoop server by making the following changes as given below.

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core-site.xml

Open the core-site.xml file and edit it as shown below.

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fs.default.name
hdfs://hadoop-master:9000/


dfs.permissions

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false


hdfs-site.xml
Open the hdfs-site.xml file and edit it as shown below.

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dfs.data.dir
/opt/hadoop/hadoop/dfs/name/data
true

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dfs.name.dir
/opt/hadoop/hadoop/dfs/name

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true



dfs.replication

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1


mapred-site.xml
Open the mapred-site.xml file and edit it as shown below.

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mapred.job.tracker
hadoop-master:9001

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hadoop-env.sh
Open the hadoop-env.sh file and edit JAVA_HOME, HADOOP_CONF_DIR, and HADOOP_OPTS as shown below.
Note: Set the JAVA_HOME as per your system configuration.
export JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk1.7.0_17 export HADOOP_OPTS=-Djava.net.preferIPv4Stack=trueexport
HADOOP_CONF_DIR=/opt/hadoop/hadoop/conf

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Installing Hadoop on Slave Servers
Install Hadoop on all the slave servers by following the given commands.
# suhadoop
$ cd/opt/hadoop
$ scp-r hadoop hadoop-slave-1:/opt/hadoop

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$ scp-r hadoop hadoop-slave-2:/opt/hadoop
Configuring Hadoop on Master Server
Open the master server and configure it by following the given commands.
# suhadoop
$ cd/opt/hadoop/hadoop

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Configuring Master Node
$ vietc/hadoop/masters
hadoop-master
Configuring Slave Node
$ vietc/hadoop/slaves

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hadoop-slave-1
hadoop-slave-2
Format Name Node on Hadoop Master
# suhadoop
$ cd/opt/hadoop/hadoop

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$ bin/hadoopnamenode?format
11/10/1410:58:07 INFO namenode.NameNode:
STARTUP_MSG:/************************************************************
STARTUP_MSG: Starting NameNode
STARTUP_MSG: host = hadoop-master/192.168.1.109

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STARTUP_MSG: args = [-format]
STARTUP_MSG: version = 1.2.0
STARTUP_MSG: build = https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/hadoop/common/branches/branch-1.2 -r 1479473;
compiled by 'hortonfo' on Mon May 6 06:59:37 UTC 2013

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STARTUP_MSG: java = 1.7.0_71 ************************************************************/11/10/1410:58:08 INFO
util.GSet:Computing capacity for map BlocksMapeditlog=/opt/hadoop/hadoop/dfs/name/current/edits

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?.
?.
?.11/10/1410:58:08 INFO common.Storage:Storage directory
/opt/hadoop/hadoop/dfs/name has been successfully formatted.11/10/1410:58:08 INFO namenode.NameNode:
SHUTDOWN_MSG:/************************************************************ SHUTDOWN_MSG: Shutting down

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NameNode at hadoop-master/192.168.1.15 ************************************************************/
Starting Hadoop Services
The following command is to start all the Hadoop services on the Hadoop-Master.
$ cd $HADOOP_HOME/sbin
$ start-all.sh

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Adding a New DataNode in the Hadoop Cluster
Given below are the steps to be followed for adding new nodes to a Hadoop cluster.
Networking
Add new nodes to an existing Hadoop cluster with some appropriate network configuration. Assume the following
network configuration.

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For New node Configuration:
IP address :192.168.1.103
netmask:255.255.255.0
hostname : slave3.in
Adding User and SSH Access

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Add a User
On a new node, add "hadoop" user and set password of Hadoop user to "hadoop123" or anything you want by using
the following commands.
useraddhadoop
passwdhadoop

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Setup Password less connectivity from master to new slave.
Execute the following on the master
mkdir-p $HOME/.ssh
chmod700 $HOME/.ssh
ssh-keygen-t rsa-P ''-f $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa

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cat $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys
chmod644 $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys
Copy the public key to new slave node inhadoop user $HOME directory
scp $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop@192.168.1.103:/home/hadoop/
Execute the following on the slaves

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Login to hadoop. If not, login to hadoop user.


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suhadoopssh-X hadoop@192.168.1.103
Copy the content of public key into file "$HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys" and then change the permission for the
same by executing the following commands.
cd $HOME
mkdir-p $HOME/.ssh

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chmod700 $HOME/.ssh
cat id_rsa.pub >>$HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys
chmod644 $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys
Check ssh login from the master machine. Now check if you can ssh to the new node without a password from the
master.

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ssh hadoop@192.168.1.103or hadoop@slave3
Set Hostname of New Node
You can set hostname in file /etc/sysconfig/network
Onnew slave3 machine
NETWORKING=yes

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HOSTNAME=slave3.in
To make the changes effective, either restart the machine or run hostname command to a new machine with the
respective hostname (restart is a good option).
On slave3 node machine:
hostname slave3.in

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Update /etc/hosts on all machines of the cluster with the following lines:
192.168.1.102 slave3.in slave3
Now try to ping the machine with hostnames to check whether it is resolving to IP or not.
On new node machine:
ping master.in

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Start the DataNode on New Node
Start the datanode daemon manually using $HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoop-daemon.sh script. It will automatically
contact the master (NameNode) and join the cluster. We should also add the new node to the conf/slaves file in the
master server. The script-based commands will recognize the new node.
Login to new node

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suhadooporssh-X hadoop@192.168.1.103
Start HDFS on a newly added slave node by using the following command
./bin/hadoop-daemon.sh start datanode

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Check the output of jps command on a new node. It looks as follows.
$ jps
7141DataNode

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10312Jps
Removing a DataNode from the Hadoop Cluster
We can remove a node from a cluster on the fly, while it is running, without any data loss. HDFS provides a
decommissioning feature, which ensures that removing a node is performed safely. To use it, follow the steps as
given below:

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1. Login to master
Login to master machine user where Hadoop is installed.
$ suhadoop
2 Change cluster configuration
An exclude file must be configured before starting the cluster. Add a key named dfs.hosts.exclude to our

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$HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml file. The value associated with this key provides the full path to a file
on the NameNode's local file system which contains a list of machines which are not permitted to connect to HDFS.
For example, add these lines to etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml file.

dfs.hosts.exclude

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/home/hadoop/hadoop-1.2.1/hdfs_exclude.txt

DFS exclude

3. Determine hosts to decommission

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Each machine to be decommissioned should be added to the file identified by the hdfs_exclude.txt, one domain
name per line. This will prevent them from connecting to the NameNode. Content of the "/home/hadoop/hadoop-
1.2.1/hdfs_exclude.txt" file is shown below, if you want to remove DataNode2.slave2.in
4. Force configuration reload
Run the command "$HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoopdfsadmin -refreshNodes" without the quotes.

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$ $HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoopdfsadmin-refreshNodes
This will force the NameNode to re-read its configuration, including the newly updated ?excludes? file. It will
decommission the nodes over a period of time, allowing time for each node's blocks to be replicated onto machines
which are scheduled to remain active.On slave2.in, check the jps command output. After some time, you will see the
DataNode process is shutdown automatically.

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5. Shutdown nodes
After the decommission process has been completed, the decommissioned hardware can be safely shut down for
maintenance. Run the report command to dfsadmin to check the status of decommission. The following command
will describe the status of the decommission node and the connected nodes to the cluster.

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64 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

$ $HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoopdfsadmin-report
6. Edit excludes file again

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Once the machines have been decommissioned, they can be removed from the ?excludes? file. Running
"$HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoopdfsadmin -refreshNodes" again will read the excludes file back into the
NameNode; allowing the DataNodes to rejoin the cluster after the maintenance has been completed, or additional
capacity is needed in the cluster again, etc.

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Result:
Thus the program to install storage controller was executed successfully.


65 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find a procedure to set up the one node Hadoop

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cluster
Application:
Many organisations are required to deal with large data sets. To handle the large data sets these organisations
use hadoop cluster. But they need to set up hadoop cluster with different number of nodes several times.

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1) What is Big Data?
2) What are the four characteristics of Big Data?
3) What are real-time industry applications of Hadoop?
4) What all modes Hadoop can be run in?

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5) What are the most common Input Formats in Hadoop?
6) Define DataNode
7) What are the core methods of a Reducer?
8) What is Job Tracker role in Hadoop?
9) What is the use of RecordReader in Hadoop?

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10) What companies use Hadoop, any idea?
11) Why do we need Hadoop?
12) What is the basic difference between traditional RDBMS and Hadoop?

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Viva-Voce
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

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0 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

College o f Engineering
?

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DEPARTMENT OF
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

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CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
VII SEMESTER - R 2013

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Name : ______________________________________
Reg. No. : ______________________________________
Section : ______________________________________
LABORATORY MANUAL

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1 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

DHANALAKSHMI

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is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and enterprising
professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and training.

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? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic Excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart and
soul

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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

To strive for acquiring, applying and imparting knowledge in Computer Science and Engineering through quality
education and to provide enthusiastic professionals with commitment

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? To produce highly competent and globally employable engineers in the field of Computer Science and
Engineering
? To inculcate human values among the student community and make them realize their commitment to the society
? To exhibit excellence in pursuit of research and innovative products with a zeal to serve the society

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VISION
VISION
MISSION

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MISSION


2 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)
1. Fundamentals
To provide students with a solid foundation in Mathematics, Science and fundamentals of engineering, enabling
them to apply, to find solutions for engineering problems and use this knowledge to acquire higher education
2. Core Competence

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To train the students in Computer science and engineering technologies so that they apply their knowledge and
training to compare, and to analyze various engineering industrial problems to find solutions
3. Breadth
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice this enables them to
find solutions for the real time problems in industry, and to design products

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4. Professionalism
To inculcate professional and effective communication skills, leadership qualities and team spirit in the students
to make them multi-faceted personalities and develop their ability to relate engineering issues to broader social
context
5. Lifelong Learning/Ethics

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To demonstrate and practice ethical and professional responsibilities in the industry and society in the large,
through commitment and lifelong learning needed for successful professional career

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4


PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)
a) To demonstrate and apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in

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Electronics and Communication Engineering field
b) To design a component, a system or a process to meet the specific needs within the realistic constraints
such as economics, environment, ethics, health, safety and manufacturability
c) To demonstrate the competency to use software tools for computation, simulation and testing of electronics and
communication engineering circuits

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d) To identify, formulate and solve electronic and communication engineering problems
e) To demonstrate an ability to visualize and work on laboratory and multidisciplinary tasks
f) To function as a member or a leader in multidisciplinary activities
g) To communicate in verbal and written form with fellow engineers and society at large
h) To understand the impact of Electronics and Communication Engineering in the society and demonstrate awareness

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of contemporary issues and commitment to give solutions exhibiting social responsibility
i) To demonstrate professional & ethical responsibilities
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To participate and succeed in competitive exams

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5 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

SYLLABUS
Learn the working of ARM processor
Understand the Building Blocks of Embedded Systems

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Learn the concept of memory map and memory interface
Know the characteristics of Real Time Systems
Write programs to interface memory, I/Os with processor
Study the interrupt performance
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

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GRID COMPUTING LAB
Use Globus Toolkit or equivalent and do the following:
1. Develop a new Web Service for Calculator.
2. Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service.
3. Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service.

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4. Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs
5. Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus Toolkit.
6. Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it with and without
GRAM concept.

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CLOUD COMPUTING LAB
Use Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent to set up the cloud and demonstrate.
1. Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines
COURSE OBJECTIVES

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6 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

can be utilized at particular time.
2. Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even

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after the release of the virtual machine.
3. Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program.
4. Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other.
5. Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it.
6. Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster.

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7. Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE.
8. Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it.
9. Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits.
? Design and implement applications on the Grid.
? Design and Implement applications on the Cloud.

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? Design network objects by applying the networking concepts.
? Create virtualization concept.
? Design web based applications.
? Apply cloud tools for resource allocation.
? Apply grid tools for network translation.

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? Design private cloud using open stack.
COURSE OUTCOMES

7

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CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
CONTENTS
Sl. No. Name of the Experiment Page No.
CYCLE 1 ? EXPERIMENTS ( GRID COMPUTING)

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1
Develop a new Web Service for Calculator 7
2
Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service 16
3

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Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service 19
4
Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs 22
5
Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus

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Toolkit
25
6
Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it
with and without GRAM concept

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27
CYCLE 2 ? EXPERIMENTS (CLOUD COMPUTING)
1
Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how
many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time

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34
2
Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it
holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
36

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3 Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program 39
4
Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to
the other
42

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5 Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it 45
6 Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster 47
7 Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE
ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS
1 Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it 52

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2 Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks 55

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8 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO GRID COMPUTING

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GRID TECHNOLOGY

? Flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and
resource

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? Grid architecture
? Defined using services and protocols
? Using the ?sand hourglass? model similar to the TCP/IP protocol stack

"A computational grid is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides dependable, consistent, pervasive and

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inexpensive access to high-end computational capabilities."
Grid computing makes it possible to dynamically share and coordinate dispersed, heterogeneous computing
resources. Flexibility and ubiquity are essential characteristics of Web services technologies such as WSDL (Web
Services Description Language), SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), and UDDI (Universal Description,
Discovery, and Integration).

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The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) combines technologies to unlock and exploit grid-attached resources.
OGSA defines mechanisms to create, manage, and exchange information between Grid Services, a special type of
Web service. The architecture uses WSDL extensively to describe the structure and behavior of a service. Service
descriptions are located and discovered using Web Services Inspection Language (WSIL). By combining elements
from grid computing and Web services technologies, OGSA establishes an extensible and interoperable design and

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development framework for Grid Services that includes details for service definition, discovery, and life-cycle
management.


9 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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GLOBUS TOOLKIT

The Globus Toolkit provides software tools to make it easier to build computational grids and grid-based

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applications. The Globus Toolkit is both an open architecture and open source toolkit.

? The Globus Toolkit is a product of the Globus Alliance (http://www.globus.org)
? It is middleware for developing grids
? The current release is 6.0.

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? Four key protocols and APIs
? Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI)
? Grid Resource Allocation & Mgmt (GRAM)
? Grid Resource Information Protocol (GRIP) and Index Information Protocol (GIIP)
? Grid File Transfer Protocol (GridFTP)

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? Implementations on many platforms
? Resources, security systems, data models,
? Various collective layer protocols & tools
? Info services, replica management, etc.
? A basis for many Grid-enabled tools & apps

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FTP, SSH, Condor, SRB, MPI, EDG, GridPort,
GLOBUS TOOLKIT? COMPONENTS
? Security
? GSI ? Grid Security Infrastructure
? Resource Management

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? GRAM ? Grid Resource Allocation Manager
o globusrun
o RSL
o gatekeeper
o job manager

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o DUROC ? Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator
? Information Services
? MDS ? Monitoring and Discovery Service

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10 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

o GRIS ? Grid Resource Information Service
o GIIS ? Grid Index Information Service
o MDS Client

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? Data Management
o GridFTP, GASS
The Globus Toolkit latest version 6.0 includes:
GSI: security
GridFTP: file transfer

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GRAM: job execution/resource management
MyProxy: credential repository/certificate authority
GSI-OpenSSH: GSI secure single sign-on remote shell

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11 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

GLOBUS TOOLKIT INSTALLATION PROCEDURE
Step1: For installing Globus Toolkit nothing more easy than download the latest package:
http://toolkit.globus.org/ftppub/gt6/installers/repo/globus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb

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sudodpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Step2: Update the repositories: sudo apt-get update
Step3: To install Debian or Ubuntu package, download the globus-toolkit-repo package
from the link above and install it with the command:
root@sysa63:/home/#dpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb

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Do the following for Debian-based systems:
root@sysa63:/home/#apt-get install globus-data-management-client

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12 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 01: DEVELOP A NEW WEB SERVICE FOR CALCULATOR

Aim:
Develop a Web Service for new Calculator

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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1. Our first web service is an extremely simple Math Web Service, which we'll refer to asMathService. It will
2. allow users to perform the following operations:
a. Addition
b. Subtraction
3. Furthermore, MathService will have the following resource properties (RPs for short):

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a. Value (integer)
b. Last operation performed (string)
4. We will also add a "Get Value" operation to access the Value RP. Once a new resource is created, the
"value" RP is initialized to zero, and the "last operation" RP is initialized to "NONE". The parameter is
added/subtracted to the "value" RP, and the "last operation" RP is changed to "ADDITION" or

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"SUBTRACTION" accordingly. Also, the addition and subtraction operations don't return anything.
5. Writing and deploying a WSRF Web Service is easier than you might think. You just have to follow five
simple steps.
6. Define the service's interface. This is done with WSDL
7. Implement the service. This is done with Java.

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8. Define the deployment parameters. This is done with WSDD and JNDI
9. Compile everything and generate a GAR file. This is done with Ant
10. Deploy service. This is also done with a GT4 tool

Sample Code:

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_instance"
xmlns ="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"
xmlns:tns="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/examples/core/MathService_instance"
xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsrp="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-

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ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.xsd" xmlns:wsrpw="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-


13 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.wsdl"
xmlns:wsdlpp="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/2004/10/WSDLPreprocessor"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">

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Result:
Thus the program for developing web service for new calculator was successfully executed.

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14 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid by using Web Service for new Calculator
Applications:
To make a calculator in Windows application using web service

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1) What is Web Service?
2) What are the advantages of web services?
3) What are the different types of web services?
4) What is SOAP?

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5) What are the advantages of SOAP web services?
6) What are the disadvantages of SOAP web services?
7) What is WSDL?
8) What is UDDI?
9) What are RESTful web services?

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10) What are the advantages of RESTful web services?
11) What is the difference between SOAP and REST web services?
12) What is SOA service architecture?
13) What tools are used to deploy web services?
14) What is Web Service architecture?

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15) What are the advantages of web services in globus toolkit?
16) What are the different types of web services?
17) What is SOAP web services?
18) What is UDP and TCP?
19) What is stateless SOA?

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20) What is data balancing in WSDL?
Viva-voce


15 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 02: DEVELOP NEW OGSA-COMPLIANT WEB SERVICE

Aim:
To develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid Service using .NET language.

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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1. Developed by the Global Grid Forum
2. Aims to define a common, standard, open architecture for Grid Applications.
3. Defines a set of rules that make up a grid service.
4. Sharing and Coordinated use of diverse resources in Dynamic VO's

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Result:
Thus the program for developing OGSA- Complaint web service was successfully executed.

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16 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid
Service using .NET language
Applications:

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? Sharing of information among diverse components of large heterogenous grid systems
? WAN

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1. How would you decide what style of Web Service to use? SOAP WS or REST?
2. Does the service expose data or business logic?
3. Do consumers and the service providers require a formal contract?
4. Do we need to support multiple data formats?
5. Do we need to make AJAX calls?

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6. Is the call synchronous or asynchronous?
7. What level of security is required?
8. What level of transaction support is required?
9. Do we have limited band width?
10. What tools do you use to test your Web Services?

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11. What is the difference between SOA and a Web service?
12. What is a microservice architecture (aka MSA)?
13. What is data integrity?
14. What is cloud infrastructure?

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Viva-voce


17 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 03: USING APACHE AXIS DEVELOP A GRID SERVICE

Aim:
To develop a Grid service using Apache Axis

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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1. Creating the New Level in the Package
2. Edit the Configuration Files
3. Modify the Service Code
4. Modify the Client
5. Compile and Deploy

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6. Starting the Container
7. Compile the Client
8. Run the Client

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18 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00



Sample Output:

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Addition was successful
Subtraction was successful
Multiplication was successful
Division was successful
Current value: 20.

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Result:
Thus the program for Grid Service using Apache Axis was successfully executed.


19 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid service using Apache Axis

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Applications:
? To create web service in Java
? To work with Globus Tool kit standards web service

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1. What are the different application integration styles?
2. What is Grid Computing?
3. What is QOS?
4. What are the derivatives of grid computing?
5. What are the features of data grids?

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6. What is load balancing?
7. What is grid infrastructure?
8. Define ? Distributed Computing.
9. Define ? OSGI.
10. Define ? OSGA.

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11. What is the use of API?s in cloud services?
12. What is the difference between cloud and grid?
13. What is data communication?
14. What are the elements of data communication?

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Viva-voce

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20 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 04: DEVELOP APPLICATIONS USING JAVA OR C/C++ GRID

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APIS
Aim:
To develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Import all the necessary java packages and name the file as GridLayoutDemo.java
2. Set up components to preferred size

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3. Add buttons to experiment with Grid Layout
4. Add controls to set up horizontal and vertical gaps
5. Process the Apply gaps button press
6. Create the GUI
7. Create and set up the window,Set up the content pane and Display the Window

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8. Schedule a job for the event dispatch thread
9. Show the application's GUI

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21 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:

Figure 1: Horizontal, Left-to-Right Figure 2: Horizontal, Right-to-Left

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Result:

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Thus the program to develop an application in java using Grid APIs was successfully executed.


22 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Applications:

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Used for defining a application programme interface for common distributes computing functionality



1) Describe the two most important advantages of using Distributed/Grid Computing.

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2) What is the main function of DNS?
3) Briefly outline two applications of Public Key systems.
4) Provide one major difference between synchronous and asynchronous communication.
5) Provide one major difference between ASCII and Unicode encodings.
6) Provide two major differences between sequential computing and parallel computing.

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7) Write the any three Grid Applications.
8) Give the examples of Hardware service provider.
9) Give the example of software application ASP.
10) What are grid portals? Give example.
11) What are the high level services including in existing globus tool kit?

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12) Name the components available in Nimrod architecture?
13) What are the major objectives of Euro grid project?
14) What is the application specific work packages identified for the Euro grid?
15) Define dynamic accounting system.

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Viva-voce

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23 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

EX.NO. 05: DEVELOP SECURED APPLICATIONS USING BASIC
SECURITY MECHANISMS AVAILABLE IN GLOBUS TOOLKIT.

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Aim:
To develop a secured applications using a basic security mechanisms available in Globus toolkit
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
The Globus Toolkit incorporates multiple security components that establish the identity of users or services
(authentication), protect communications, and determine who is allowed to perform what actions (authorization), as
well as manage user credentials.

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? GSI C: The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and
certificate management.
? MyProxy: MyProxy is open source software for managing X.509 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) security
credentials (certificates and private keys).
? GSI-OpenSSH: GSI-OpenSSH is a modified version of OpenSSH that adds support for X.509 proxy

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certificate authentication and delegation, providing a single sign-on remote login and file transfer service.
The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and certificate
management. The authentication API is built using Public KeyInfrastructure (PKI) technologies, e.g. X.509
Certificates and TLS. In addition to authentication it features a delegation mechanism based upon X.509 Proxy
Certificates. Authorization support takes the form of a couple of APIs. The first provides a generic authorization API

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that allows callouts to perform access control based on the client's credentials (i.e. the X.509 certificate chain). The
second provides a simple access control list that maps authorized remote entities to local (system) user names. The
second mechanism also provides callouts that allow third parties to override the default behavior and is currently
used in the Gatekeeper and GridFTP servers. In addition to the above there are various lower level APIs and tools
for managing, discovering and querying certificates.

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Components for Grid Security
1. Basic Security Mechanisms
2. Components for Credential Generation
3. Components for Credential Management

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24 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Beyond verifying the identities of users and services, basic Grid security mechanisms leave access control decisions
to services. The Grid community has developed authorization and access control tools for storing and providing

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access to system-wide authorization information and for creating a central data store for supporting decentralized
control mechanisms.
Basic Security Mechanisms
? Pre-Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A non-Web services implementation of the Grid
Security Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI

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mechanisms
? Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A Web services implementation of the Grid Security
Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI mechanisms

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Result:
Thus the program to develop a security application available in Globus toolkit was successfully executed.

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a secured applications using a basic security
mechanisms available in Globus toolkit

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25 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Applications:
To provide easy acces to best breed open source network security


1. What are the collective services available in grid computing?

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2. What are the basic principles of autonomous computing?
3. What are the four essential characteristics of on demand business?
4. What are the essential capabilities provided by on demand business?
5. What are the two most important technologies for building semantic webs?
6. Define Peer to Peer computing?

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7. What is the combination of Globus GT3 toolkit?
8. What is a GT3 core?
9. What are the components available in service model?
10. Define WS-Trust
11. Define WS ?Federation

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12. Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
13. Who are the actors in CDC?
14. Mention the scenarios in CDC?
15. What are the functional requirements of CDC on OGSA?

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Viva-voce

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26 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 06: DEVELOP A GRID PORTAL, WHERE USER CAN SUBMIT
A JOB AND GET THE RESULT, IMPLEMENT IT WITH AND WITHOUT

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GRAM CONCEPT.
Aim:
To develop a Grid portal and implement it with and without GRAM concept
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

Procedure:
Multiple times that the likely user interface to grid applications will be through portals, specifically Web portals. A grid

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portal may be constructed as a Web page interface to provide easy access to grid applications. The Web user
interface provides user authentication, job submission, job monitoring, and results of the job.
Globus Resource Allocation Manager (GRAM)
When a job is submitted by a client, the request is sent to the remote host and handled by a gatekeeper daemon.
The gatekeeper creates a job manager to start and monitor the job. When the job is finished, the job manager

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sends the status information back to the client and terminates.
The GRAM subsystem consists of the following elements:
? The globusrun command and associated APIs Resource Specification Language (RSL)
? The gatekeeper daemon The job manager Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator (DUROC)
Each of these elements are described briefly below.

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The globusrun command
The globusrun command (or its equivalent API) submits a job to a resource within the grid. This command
is typically passed an RSL string (see below) that specifies parameters and other properties required to successfully
launch and run the job

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27 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Resource Specification Language (RSL)
RSL is a language used by clients to specify the job to be run. All job submission requests are described in an RSL

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string that includes information such as the executable file; its parameters; information about redirection of stdin,
stdout, and stderr; and so on. Basically it provides a standard way of specifying all of the information required to
execute a job, independent of the target environment. It is then the responsibility of the job manager on the target
system to parse the information and launch the job in the appropriate way.
The syntax of RSL is very straightforward. Each statement is enclosed within parenthesis. Comments are

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designated with parenthesis and asterisks, for example, (* this is a comment *). Supported attributes include the
following:
rsl_substitution: Defines variables
executable: The script or command to be run
arguments: Information or flags to be passed to the executable

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stdin: Specifies the remote URL and local file used for the executable stdout: Specifies the remote file to place
standard output from the job stderr: Specifies the remote file to place standard error from the job queue: Specifies the
queue to submit the job (requires a scheduler) count: Specifies the number of executions
directory: Specifies the directory to run the job
project: Specifies a project account for the job (requires a scheduler) dryRun: Verifies the RSL string but

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does not run the job
maxMemory: Specifies the maximum amount of memory in MBs required for the job
minMemory: Specifies the minimum amount of memory in MBs required for the job
hostCount: Specifies the number of nodes in a cluster required for the job environment: Specifies environment
variables that are required for the job

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jobType: Specifies the type of job single process, multi-process, mpi, or condor
maxTime: Specifies the maximum execution wall or cpu time for one execution
maxWallTime: Specifies the maximum walltime for one execution maxCpuTime: Specifies the maximum
cpu time for one execution
gramMyjob: Specifies the whether the gram myjob interface starts one process/thread (independent) or more

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(collective)


28 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to develop Grid Portal was successfully executed.


29 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid portal and implement it with and

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without GRAM concept
Application:
? It is useful and necessary for interfaces for the performance of operations on the Grid. The Grid
Portal Development Kit (GPDK) facilitates the development of Grid portals and provides several key
reusable components for accessing various Grid services.

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? A Grid Portal provides a customizable interface allowing scientists to perform a variety of Grid
operations including remote program submission, file staging, and querying of information services
from a single, secure gateway.
? The Grid Portal Development Kit leverages off existing Globus/Grid middleware infrastructure as
well as commodity web technology including Java Server Pages and servlets .

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1) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?
2) What are the major goals of OGSA?

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3) What are the more specific goals of OGSA?
4) What are the main purposes of use case defined by OGSA?
5) Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
6) What are the layers available in OGSA architectural organizations?
7) What are the OGSA basic services?

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8) What are the two aspects involved in GRAM?
9) What are the two kinds of lifecycle model associated with state data recovery?
10) What is a GT3 core?
11) What are the major components of default server side framework?
12) What is Grid container?

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13) What are the two levels of security available in GT3?
14) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?
15) What are the two different message-level authentication mechanisms provided by GT3 framework?
16) What are the most common GT3 security handlers?
Viva-voce

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30 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

INTRODUCTION TO CLOUD COMPUTING

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What is cloud computing?
Cloud computing means that instead of all the computer hardware and software you're using sitting on your
desktop, or somewhere inside your company's network, it's provided for you as a service by another company and
accessed over the Internet, usually in a completely seamless way. Exactly where the hardware and software is

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located and how it all works doesn't matter to you, the user?it's just somewhere up in the nebulous "cloud" that the
Internet represents.
Cloud computing is a buzzword that means different things to different people. For some, it's just another way of
describing IT (information technology) "outsourcing"; others use it to mean any computing service provided over the
Internet or a similar network; and some define it as any bought-in computer service you use that sits outside your

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firewall.
Types of cloud computing
IT people talk about three different kinds of cloud computing, where different services are being provided for you.
Note that there's a certain amount of vagueness about how these things are defined and some overlap between
them.

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? Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) means you're buying access to raw computing hardware over the Net,
such as servers or storage. Since you buy what you need and pay-as-you-go, this is often referred to as
utility computing. Ordinary web hosting is a simple example of IaaS: you pay a monthly subscription or a
per-megabyte/gigabyte fee to have a hosting company serve up files for your website from their servers.
? Software as a Service (SaaS) means you use a complete application running on someone else's system.

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Web-based email and Google Documents are perhaps the best-known examples. Zoho is another well-
known SaaS provider offering a variety of office applications online.
? Platform as a Service (PaaS) means you develop applications using Web-based tools so they run on
systems software and hardware provided by another company. So, for example, you might develop your
own ecommerce website but have the whole thing, including the shopping cart, checkout, and payment

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mechanism running on a merchant's server. App Cloud (from salesforce.com) and the Google App Engine
are examples of PaaS.
Advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing
Advantages
The pros of cloud computing are obvious and compelling. If your business is selling books or repairing shoes,

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why get involved in the nitty gritty of buying and maintaining a complex computer system? If you run an insurance
office, do you really want your sales agents wasting time running anti-virus software, upgrading word-processors, or
worrying about hard-drive crashes? Do you really want them cluttering your expensive computers with their personal

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31 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

emails, illegally shared MP3 files, and naughty YouTube videos?when you could leave that responsibility to
someone else? Cloud computing allows you to buy in only the services you want, when you want them, cutting the
upfront capital costs of computers and peripherals. You avoid equipment going out of date and other familiar IT

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problems like ensuring system security and reliability. You can add extra services (or take them away) at a moment's
notice as your business needs change. It's really quick and easy to add new applications or services to your
business without waiting weeks or months for the new computer (and its software) to arrive.
Drawbacks
Instant convenience comes at a price. Instead of purchasing computers and software, cloud computing means you

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buy services, so one-off, upfront capital costs become ongoing operating costs instead. That might work out much
more expensive in the long-term.
If you're using software as a service (for example, writing a report using an online word processor or sending emails
through webmail), you need a reliable, high-speed, broadband Internet connection functioning the whole time you're
working. That's something we take for granted in countries such as the United States, but it's much more of an issue

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in developing countries or rural areas where broadband is unavailable.
An Introduction to Cloud Computing with OpenNebula
An OpenNebula Private Cloud provides infrastructure users with an elastic platform for fast delivery and scalability of
services to meet dynamic demands of service end-users. Services are hosted in VMs, and then submitted,
monitored and controlled in the Cloud by using Sunstone or any of the OpenNebula interfaces:

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? Command Line Interface (CLI)
? XML-RPC API
? OpenNebulaRuby and Java Cloud APIs
The aim of a Private Cloud is not to expose to the world a cloud interface to sell capacity over the Internet, but to
provide local cloud users and administrators with a flexible and agile private infrastructure to run virtualized service

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workloads within the administrative domain. OpenNebula virtual infrastructure interfaces expose user and
administrator functionality for virtualization, networking, image and physical resource configuration, management,
monitoring and accounting.

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32 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No.1: FIND PROCEDURE TO RUN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE OF
DIFFERENT CONFIGURATION. CHECK HOW MANY VIRTUAL
MACHINES CAN BE UTILIZED AT PARTICULAR TIME.

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Aim:
To Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be
utilized at particular time
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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Creating Virtual Machines
In OpenNebula the Virtual Machines are defined with Template files. The Template Repository system allows
OpenNebula administrators and users to register Virtual Machine definitions in the system, to be instantiated later as
Virtual Machine instances. These Templates can be instantiated several times, and also shared with other users.
Virtual Machine Model

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A Virtual Machine within the OpenNebula system consists of:
? A capacity in terms memory and CPU
? A set of NICs attached to one or more virtual networks
? A set of disk images
? A state file (optional) or recovery file, that contains the memory image of a running VM plus some hypervisor

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specific information.
The above items, plus some additional VM attributes like the OS kernel and context information to be used inside the
VM, are specified in a template file.
Defining a VM in 3 Steps
Virtual Machines are defined in an OpenNebula Template. Templates are stored in a repository to easily browse and

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instantiate VMs from them. To create a new Template you have to define 3 things


33 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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? Capacity & Name, how big will the VM be?
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
NAME Name that the VM will get for description purposes. Yes one-
MEMORY Amount of RAM required for the VM, in Megabytes. Yes
CPU CPU ratio (e..g half a physical CPU is 0.5). Yes

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VCPU Number of virtual cpus. No 1
Disks. Each disk is defined with a DISK attribute. A VM can use three types of disk:
? Use a persistent Image changes to the disk image will persist after the VM is shutdown.
? Use a non-persistent Image images are cloned, changes to the image will be lost.
? Volatile disks are created on the fly on the target host. After the VM is shutdown the disk is disposed.

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Persistent and Clone Disks
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
IMAGE_ID and IMAGE The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes
IMAGE_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No self

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IMAGE_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No self
Volatile
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
TYPE
Type of the disk: swap, fs. swap type will set the label to swap so it is

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easier to mount and the context packages will automatically mount it.
Yes
SIZE size in MB Yes
FORMAT
filesystem for fs images: ext2, ext3, etc. raw will not format the image. For

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VMs to run on vmfs or vmwareshared configurations, the valid values are:
Yes


34 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Attribute Description Mandatory Default
vmdk_thin, vmdk_zeroedthick, vmdk_eagerzeroedthick

Network Interfaces. Each network interface of a VM is defined with the NIC attribute.

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Attribute Description Mandatory Default
NETWORK_ID and NETWORK The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes
NETWORK_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No Self
NETWORK_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No Self

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The following example shows a VM Template file with a couple of disks and a network interface, also a VNC section
was added.
NAME = test-vm
MEMORY = 128
CPU = 1

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DISK = [ IMAGE = "Arch Linux" ]
DISK = [ TYPE = swap,
SIZE = 1024 ]

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NIC = [ NETWORK = "Public", NETWORK_UNAME="oneadmin" ]

GRAPHICS = [
TYPE = "vnc",
LISTEN = "0.0.0.0"]

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Simple templates can be also created using the command line instead of creating a template file. The parameters to
do this for onetemplate are:

Parameter

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Description
--namename Name for the VM
--cpucpu CPU percentage reserved for the VM (1=100% one CPU)

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35 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


Parameter

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Description
--vcpuvcpu Number of virtualized CPUs
--archarch Architecture of the VM, e.g.: i386 or x86_64
--memorymemory Memory ammount given to the VM
--diskdisk0,disk1 Disks to attach. To use a disk owned by other user use user[disk]

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--nicvnet0,vnet1 Networks to attach. To use a network owned by other user use user[network]
--rawstring
Raw string to add to the template. Not to be confused with the RAW attribute. If you want
to provide more than one element, just include an enter inside quotes, instead of using
more than one -raw option

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--vnc Add VNC server to the VM
--ssh[file]
Add an ssh public key to the context. If the file is omited then the user variable
SSH_PUBLIC_KEY will be used.
--net_context Add network contextualization parameters

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--contextline1,line2 * Lines to add to the context section
--bootdevice Select boot device (hd, fd, cdrom or network)
A similar template as the previous example can be created with the following command:
$ onetemplate create --name test-vm --memory 128 --cpu 1 --disk "Arch Linux" --nic Public
Managing Virtual Machines

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Assuming we have a VM Template registered called vm-example with ID 6, then we can instantiate the VM issuing
a:
$ onetemplate list

ID USER GROUP NAME REGTIME

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6 oneadminoneadminvm_example 09/28 06:44:07

$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm

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36 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

VM ID: 0
If the template has USER INPUTSdefined the CLI will prompt the user for these values:
$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm

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There are some parameters that require user input.

* (BLOG_TITLE) Blog Title:
* (DB_PASSWORD) Database Password:

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VM ID: 0
Afterwards, the VM can be listed with the onevmlist command. You can also use the onevmtop command to list VMs
continuously.
$ onevm list

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ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME
0 oneadminoneadminmy_vm pend 0 0K 00 00:00:03
After a Scheduling cycle, the VM will be automatically deployed. But the deployment can also be forced by oneadmin
using onevmdeploy:
$ onehost list

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ID NAME RVM TCPU FCPU ACPU TMEM FMEM AMEM STAT
2 testbed 0 800 800 800 16G 16G16G on
$ onevm deploy 0 2

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$ onevm list

ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME
0 oneadminoneadminmy_vmrunn 0 0K testbed 00 00:02:40

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$ onevm show 0
VIRTUAL MACHINE 0 INFORMATION
ID :0
NAME : my_vm
USER : oneadmin

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GROUP : oneadmin


37 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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STATE : ACTIVE
LCM_STATE : RUNNING
START TIME : 04/14 09:00:24
END TIME : -
DEPLOY ID: : one-0

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PERMISSIONS
OWNER : um-
GROUP : ---
OTHER : ---
VIRTUAL MACHINE MONITORING

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NET_TX : 13.05
NET_RX : 0
USED MEMORY : 512
USED CPU : 0
VIRTUAL MACHINE TEMPLATE

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VIRTUAL MACHINE HISTORY

SEQ HOSTNAME REASON START TIME PTIME

0 testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00

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testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00

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38 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to run virtual machines on different configuration was successfully executed & its utilization time is
checked in various machines.

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find procedure to run the virtual machine of different
Configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
Applications:
? An advantage of virtualizing the workload?s I/O path enables hardware independence by

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abstracting vendor specific drivers to more generalized versions that run on the hypervisor.
? It allows the live migration, which is one of virtualization?s greatest availability strengths
? The sharing of aggregate resources, such as network paths

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1. What is cloud computing?
2. What are the benefits of cloud computing?
3. What are the different data types used in cloud computing?
4. What are the different layers in cloud computing?

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5. What do you mean by software as a service?
6. What is on-demand functionality? How is it provided in cloud computing?
7. What are the platforms used for large scale cloud computing?
8. What are the different models for deployment in cloud computing?
9. What is the difference between cloud computing and mobile computing?

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10. What are the open source cloud computing platform databases?
11. What is the difference between cloud and traditional datacenters?
12. Why API's is used in cloud services?
13. What are the different datacenters in cloud computing?
14. Define API in data virtualization?

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15. List of API in cloud?
Viva-voce


40 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No.02: FIND PROCEDURE TO ATTACH VIRTUAL BLOCK TO
THE VIRTUAL MACHINE AND CHECK WHETHER IT HOLDS THE
DATA EVEN AFTER THE RELEASE OF THE VIRTUAL MACHINE.
Aim:

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To find a procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even after the
release of the virtual machine

Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

Procedure:

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VirtualBox uses a special kernel module called vboxdrv to perform physical memory allocation and to gain control of
the processor for guest system execution. Without this kernel module, you can still use the VirtualBox manager to
configure virtual machines, but they will not start. In addition, there are the network kernel modules vboxnetflt and
vboxnetadp which are required for the more advanced networking features of VirtualBox.
The VirtualBox kernel module is automatically installed on your system when you install VirtualBox. To

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maintain it with future kernel updates, for those Linux distributions which provide it -- most current ones -- we
recommend installing Dynamic Kernel Module Support (DKMS). This framework helps with building and upgrading
kernel modules.
If DKMS is not already installed, execute one of the following:
On an Ubuntu system:

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sudo apt-get install dkms
If DKMS is available and installed, the VirtualBox kernel module should always work automatically, and it will be
automatically rebuilt if your host kernel is updated.
Otherwise, there are only two situations in which you will need to worry about the kernel module:
1. The original installation fails. This probably means that your Linux system is not prepared for building

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external kernel modules.


41 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Most Linux distributions can be set up simply by installing the right packages - normally, these will be the
GNU compiler (GCC), GNU Make (make) and packages containing header files for your kernel - and making
sure that all system updates are installed and that the system is running the most up-to-date kernel included
in the distribution. The version numbers of the header file packages must be the same as that of the kernel
you are using.

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? With Debian and Ubuntu releases, you must install the right version of the linux-headers and if it exists
the linux-kbuild package. Current Ubuntu releases should have the right packages installed by default.
? In even older Debian and Ubuntu releases, you must install the right version of the kernel-headers
package.
? On Fedora and Redhat systems, the package is kernel-devel.

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? On SUSE and openSUSE Linux, you must install the right versions of the kernel-source and kernel-syms
packages.
? If you have built your own kernel, you will need to make sure that you also installed all the required
header and other files for building external modules to the right locations. The details of how to do
this will depend on how you built your kernel, and if you are unsure you should consult the

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documentation which you followed to do so.
2. The kernel of your Linux host was updated and DKMS is not installed. In that case, the kernel module will
need to be reinstalled by executing (as root):
rcvboxdrv setup
Performing the installation

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VirtualBox is available in a number of package formats native to various common Linux distributions. In addition,
there is an alternative generic installer (.run) which should work on most Linux distributions.
Installing VirtualBox from a Debian/Ubuntu package
First, download the appropriate package for your distribution. The following examples assume that you are installing
to a 32-bit Ubuntu Wily system. Use dpkg to install the Debian package:

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sudodpkg -i virtualbox-5.0_5.0.20_Ubuntu_wily_i386.deb
The installer will also try to build kernel modules suitable for the current running kernel. If the build process is not
successful you will be shown a warning and the package will be left unconfigured. Please have a look at /var/log/vbox-
install.log to find out why the compilation failed. You may have to install the appropriate Linux kernel After correcting
any problems, do

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42 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

sudorcvboxdrv setup

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This will start a second attempt to build the module.
If a suitable kernel module was found in the package or the module was successfully built, the installation script will
attempt to load that module.
Once VirtualBox has been successfully installed and configured, you can start it by selecting "VirtualBox" in your
start menu or from the command line.

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Using the alternative installer (VirtualBox.run)
The alternative installer performs the following steps:
? It unpacks the application files to the target directory,
/opt/VirtualBox/
which cannot be changed.

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? It builds the VirtualBox kernel modules (vboxdrv, vboxnetflt and vboxnetadp) and installs them.
? It creates /sbin/rcvboxdrv, an init script to start the VirtualBox kernel module.
? It creates a new system group called vboxusers.
? It creates symbolic links in /usr/bin to the a shell script (/opt/VirtualBox/VBox) which does some sanity checks
and dispatches to the actual executables, VirtualBox, VBoxSDL, VBoxVRDP, VBoxHeadless and VBoxManage

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? It creates /etc/udev/rules.d/60-vboxdrv.rules, a description file for udev, if that is present, which makes the USB
devices accessible to all users in the vboxusers group.
? It writes the installation directory to /etc/vbox/vbox.cfg.
The installer must be executed as root with either install or uninstall as the first parameter.
sudo ./VirtualBox.run install

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Or if you do not have the "sudo" command available, run the following as root instead:
./VirtualBox.run install


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After that you need to put every user which should be able to access USB devices from VirtualBox guests in the
group vboxusers, either through the GUI user management tools or by running the following command as root:
sudousermod -a -G vboxusers username
Performing a manual installation

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If, for any reason, you cannot use the shell script installer described previously, you can also perform a manual
installation. Invoke the installer like this:
./VirtualBox.run --keep --noexec
This will unpack all the files needed for installation in the directory install under the current directory. The VirtualBox
application files are contained in VirtualBox.tar.bz2 which you can unpack to any directory on your system. For

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example:
sudomkdir /opt/VirtualBox
sudo tar jxf ./install/VirtualBox.tar.bz2 -C /opt/VirtualBox
or as root:
mkdir /opt/VirtualBox

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tarjxf ./install/VirtualBox.tar.bz2 -C /opt/VirtualBox
The sources for VirtualBox's kernel module are provided in the src directory. To build the module, change to the
directory and issuemake
If everything builds correctly, issue the following command to install the module to the appropriate module directory:
sudo make install

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In case you do not have sudo, switch the user account to root and performmake install
The VirtualBox kernel module needs a device node to operate. The above make command will tell you how to create
the device node, depending on your Linux system. The procedure is slightly different for a classical Linux setup with
a /dev directory, a system with the now deprecated devfs and a modern Linux system with udev.
Note that the /dev/vboxdrv kernel module device node must be owned by root:root and must be read/writable only for

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the user.Next, you will have to install the system initialization script for the kernel module:
cp /opt/VirtualBox/vboxdrv.sh /sbin/rcvboxdrv
mkdir /etc/vbox
echo INSTALL_DIR=/opt/VirtualBox> /etc/vbox/vbox.cfg

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44 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

and, for convenience, create the following symbolic links:
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VirtualBox

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ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxManage
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxHeadless
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxSDL

Sample Output:

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Result:
Thus the program to attach virtual block to virtual machine was successfully executed & checked whether it holds the
data after the release of the virtual machine.

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45 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find a procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual
machine and check whether it holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
Application:
? To support the Cloud Computing with the Virtual Block Store System. The fast development of cloud
computing systems stimulates the needs for a standalone block storage system to provide persistent

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block storage services to virtual machines maintained by clouds.



1. What is Type-1 and Type-2 hypervisor?

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2. What is the use of virsh command?
3. Explain how you can transfer volume from one owner to another in Open Stack?
4. Discuss about KVM Features?
5. What is Virtual block?
6. What is Virtualization?

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7. What are virtual clusters?
8. How virtualization happens in data center?
9. List some of the open source grid middleware packages.
10. What is a programming model?
11. What is Hadoop?

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12. What are map and reduce functions?
13. How to run a job in hadoop?
14. What is HDFS?
15. What are the open source grid middleware packages?
16. What is peer to peer computing?

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17. What are node clusters?
18. How virtual migration happens in data center?
Viva-voce

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46 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No.03: INSTALL A C COMPILER IN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE AND
EXECUTE A SAMPLE PROGRAM.
Aim:

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To Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
1. Create a VM and Install any OS on it.
2.Install a C compiler on OS
3.Open a Editor and type the sample program and Save.
4.Compile and run the Program

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Example:
C programming on Linux based Environement

1. Open Terminal (Applications-Accessories-Terminal)
2. Open gedit by typing ?gedit&? on terminal(You can also use any other Text Editor application)

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3. Type the following on gedit
(or any other text editor)
#include
main()
{

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printf("Hello World\n");
}
Save this file as
?helloworld. C?
5. Type ?ls? on Terminal to see all files under current folder

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6. Confirm that ?helloworld.c? is in the current directory.
If not, type cd DIRECTORY_PATH to go to the
directory that has ?helloworld.c?
7. Type ?gcchelloworld.c? to compile, and type ?ls? to
confirm that a new executable file ?a.out? is created

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8. Type ?./a.out? on Terminal to run the program



47 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:

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Thus the program to install a C complier is done and the sample program was executed successfully.


48 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and
execute a sample program

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Application:
The application of installing a C compiler in the virtual machine benefits to have a portable executable, for
each platform.

1. What is the difference between Xen & KVM ?

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2. What are different hypervisors available in Linux ?
3. Which command is used to list all virtual machine running on the KVM hypervisor ?
4. What are the different states of a VM in Xen hypervisor ?
5. How to forcefully shutdown the KVM based virtual machine from the command line ?
6. What is virtual Machine?

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7. What is Compiler?
8. What is Directory?
9. List the C Compilers available?
10. What is virtualization?
11. List out VM operations

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12. What are different hypervisors available in windows?
13. How to implement applications on the cloud to install C compiler?
14. What are grid and cloud tools available?
15. What is hypervisor?
Viva-voce

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49 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No.04: SHOW THE VIRTUAL MACHINE MIGRATION BASED ON

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THE CERTAIN CONDITION FROM ONE NODE TO THE OTHER.

Aim:
To Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
1.Update source and target virtual machines to latest package versions
To help ensure that platform images between cloud providers are running the same version of key operating system
packages, update these packages to the latest versions on both source and target virtual machines.
sudo apt-get update

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sudo apt-get upgrade
2. Install rsync and screen packages on source and target virtual machines
The migration of application packages and files in this process will use rsync over ssh between source and target
virtual machines. The actual transfer of files between virtual machines can take some time, so I also recommend
using screen so that you can easily re-attach to an in-progress migration session if you are inadvertently

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disconnected.
Ensure that rsync and screen packages are installed on both the source and target virtual machines with these
commands:
sudo apt-get install rsync
sudo apt-get install screen

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3. Add a consistent user account to both source and target virtual machines
To facilitate the migration process, ensure that you have a consistent user account configured on both source and
target virtual machines with sudo enabled. The newly provisioned target virtual machines from Task 3 already

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50 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

include a user named azureuser with sudo enabled. To configure this same user on each source virtual machine,
use the following commands:
sudogroupadd -g 500 azureuser

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sudouseradd -u 500 -g 500 -m -s /bin/bash azureuser
sudopasswdazureuser
4. Start a screen session for the migration
On the source virtual machine, enter a new screen session for the migration by using the following command:
sudo screen -S AzureMigration

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If you are disconnected from the source virtual machine during the migration process, you can reconnect to the
detached screen session by using the following command after signing in again to the source virtual machine:
sudo screen -r
5. Build an exclusion list of directories and files
During the migration, we want to be careful to skip any files that include configuration information relating to the

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identity of the source virtual machines, such as IP addresses, hostnames, ssh keys, etc. For the Ubuntu-based
virtual machines that we migrated, we used the following commands on each source virtual machine to build our
list of directories and files to exclude from the migration process:
EXCLUDEFILE=/tmp/exclude.file
EXCLUDELIST='/boot /etc/fstab /etc/hostname /etc/issue /etc/hosts

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/etc/sudoers /etc/networks /etc/network/* /etc/resolv.conf
/etc/ssh/* /etc/sysctl.conf /etc/mtab /etc/udev/rules.d/*
/lock /net /tmp'
EXCLUDEPATH=$(echo $EXCLUDELIST | sed 's/\ /\\n/g')
echo -e $EXCLUDEPATH > $EXCLUDEFILE

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find / -name '*cloud-init*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE
find / -name '*cloud-config*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE
find / -name '*cloud-final*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE

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51 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

The actual list of directories and files that you exclude may vary from this list, based on the Linux distro version,
packages and applications that you are migrating.
Credits: Kudos to Kevin Carter who wrote a great article a couple years ago that provided a useful starting point for

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building a list of directories and files to consider excluding as part of a Linux-to-Linux migration process!
6. Stop applications during migration
To minimize application data changes from occurring during the migration process, stop the related applications and
daemons on the source virtual machines. The application that we migrated was a web application built using
Apache2, so we simply stopped the related Apache2 daemon.

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sudo service stop apache2
7. Migrate the application files and data
From each source virtual machine, migrate application files and data using two rsync passes over ssh. The first
pass performs the bulk of the data transfer, whereas the second pass uses checksums to confirm that all files were
transferred successfully.

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TARGETVM="insert_target_vm_public_ip_address"
rsync -e "ssh" -rlpEAXogDtSzh -P -x ?exclude-from="$EXCLUDEFILE" ?rsync-path="sudorsync" ?
verbose ?progress / azureuser@$TARGETVM:/
rsync -e "ssh" -crlpEAXogDtSzh -P -x ?exclude-from="$EXCLUDEFILE" ?rsync-path="sudorsync" ?
verbose ?progress / azureuser@$TARGETVM:/

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8. Restart each target virtual machine
After both rsync passes have completed, restart each target virtual machine to complete the migration
process.
sshazureuser@$TARGETVM
shutdown -r now

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52 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to implement migration of virtual machine was executed successfully.

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53 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to Show the virtual machine migration based on the
certain condition from one node to the other
Application:
? Its easier to migrate a Virtual Machine from one server to another, than migrating the operating
system and application(s) individually.

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? Using Virtual Machine Migration, its possible to migrate operating systems and applications from
older servers to newer servers easily and without disrupting the services.

1. What are the basic requirements of VM live migration in KVM?
2. Which command is used in KVM for VMs live migration?

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3. How to get hardware information of KVM guest machine?
4. What is VM migration?
5. Which type of virtualization is also characteristic of cloud computing ?
6. Which virtualization standard does the WebSphere Application Server Hypervisor Edition use?
7.Which three tools are included in the IBM Rational Jazz Collaborative Application Lifecycle

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Management (C/ALM) solution?
8. What are two ways a public cloud helps customers reduce their IT costs?
9.What functionality is provided by the IBM Security Network Intrusion Prevention System Virtual
Appliance for a cloud environment?
10. What are two important benefits of using cloud computing?

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11. What is the value of IBM Security Information and Event Manager in a cloud provider environment?
12. What is the main purpose of an IBM CloudBurst solution?
Viva-voce

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54 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

EX.NO.5: PROCEDURE TO INSTALL STORAGE CONTROLLER AND
INTERACT WITH IT.
Aim:

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Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it

Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

Procedure:

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To install Storage Control, follow these steps.
Ensure that Systems Director 6.3 is installed and running.
Ensure that you are logged in to Systems Director with a user ID that has administrative privileges.
Windows only: Restart the DB2 Management server.
a) Go to Start >Administrative Tools >Services.

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b) Select DB2 Management Service from the services window and restart it.
If you want to download and install Storage Control, go to step 5. If you want to install Storage Control from read-
only media, such as a CD or mounted .iso image, go to step 8.
From the Systems Director summary page, click the link Try Storage Control in the upper right corner.
A download page opens. Download the appropriate file for your operating system.

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7.Extract the files to the directory where you want to install Storage Control, then go to step 9.
8. Copy the Storage Control installer directory from the CD or the mounted .iso image into a temporary directory
close to the system root. For example, /SCInstall for AIX or Linux and C:\SCInstall for Windows.
9. Access a command window and navigate to the directory where you extracted the files or where you copied
the installer directory. Run the appropriate script. If you do not want the license agreement to display, use the -

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ioption when you run the script. For example, StorageControlInstall.sh -i.
Important: If you are not using IBM DB2 managed by Systems Director, then
the DB2 user ID used must have DB2 Administrator privileges.
On Microsoft Windows systems, run the script StorageControlInstall.bat.

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55 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

On Linux and AIX systems, run the script StorageControlInstall.sh.
10. Restart Systems Director as directed.

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Result:

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Thus the program to install storage controller was executed successfully.


56 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find procedure to install storage controller and
interact with it

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Application:
A controller offers a level of abstraction between an operating system and the physical drives. A RAID
controller presents groups to applications and operating systems as logical units for which data protection
schemes can be defined.

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1. What is a snapshot?
2. What is Thick Provision Lazy Zeroed?
3. What is Thick Provision Eager Zeroed?
4. What is Thin Provision?
5. What is VDI?

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6. What is storage vMotion?
7. How many virtual CPUs can I use on a Fault Tolerant virtual machine?
8. What is the use of vmware tools?
9. What happens if vCenter Server is offline when a failover event occurs?
10. What are the monitoring methods used for vSphere HA?

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11. What are the roles of a master host in vSphere HA?
12. What is the hardware version used in VMware ESXi 5.5?
13. What is server virtualization?
14. What is Network Virtualization?
15. What is template?

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Viva-Voce


57 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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EX.NO.6: PROCEDURE TO SET UP ONE HADOOP CLUSTER

Aim:
To Find a procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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Follow the steps given below to have Hadoop Multi-Node cluster setup.
Installing Java
Java is the main prerequisite for Hadoop. First of all, you should verify the existence of java in your system using
?java -version?. The syntax of java version command is given below.
$ java-version

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If everything works fine it will give you the following output.
java version "1.7.0_71"
Java(TM) SE RuntimeEnvironment(build 1.7.0_71-b13)
JavaHotSpot(TM)Client VM (build 25.0-b02, mixed mode)
If java is not installed in your system, then follow the given steps for installing java.

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1. Download java (JDK - X64.tar.gz) by visiting the following link
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk7-downloads-1880260.html
Then jdk-7u71-linux-x64.tar.gz will be downloaded into your system.
2. Generally you will find the downloaded java file in Downloads folder. Verify it and extract the jdk-7u71-linux-
x64.gz file using the following commands.

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$ cdDownloads/
$ ls
jdk-7u71-Linux-x64.gz
$ tar zxf jdk-7u71-Linux-x64.gz
$ ls

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jdk1.7.0_71 jdk-7u71-Linux-x64.gz


58 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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3. To make java available to all the users, you have to move it to the location ?/usr/local/?. Open the root, and type
the following commands.
$ su
password:
# mv jdk1.7.0_71 /usr/local/

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# exit
4. For setting up PATH and JAVA_HOME variables, add the following commands to ~/.bashrc file.
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.7.0_71
export PATH=PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
Now verify the java -version command from the terminal as explained above. Follow the above process and install

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java in all your cluster nodes.
Creating User Account
Create a system user account on both master and slave systems to use the Hadoop installation.
# useraddhadoop
# passwdhadoop

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Mapping the nodes
You have to edit hosts file in /etc/ folder on all nodes, specify the IP address of each system followed by their host
names.
# vi /etc/hosts
enter the following lines in the /etc/hosts file.

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192.168.1.109hadoop-master
192.168.1.145 hadoop-slave-1
192.168.56.1 hadoop-slave-2
Configuring Key Based Login
Setup ssh in every node such that they can communicate with one another without any prompt for password.

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# suhadoop
$ ssh-keygen-t rsa
$ ssh-copy-id-i~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub tutorialspoint@hadoop-master
$ ssh-copy-id-i~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop_tp1@hadoop-slave-1
$ ssh-copy-id-i~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop_tp2@hadoop-slave-2

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$ chmod0600~/.ssh/authorized_keys
$ exit
Installing Hadoop
In the Master server, download and install Hadoop using the following commands.
# mkdir /opt/hadoop

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# cd /opt/hadoop/
# wget http://apache.mesi.com.ar/hadoop/common/hadoop-1.2.1/hadoop-1.2.0.tar.gz
# tar -xzf hadoop-1.2.0.tar.gz
# mv hadoop-1.2.0 hadoop

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59 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

# chown -R hadoop /opt/hadoop
# cd /opt/hadoop/hadoop/

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Configuring Hadoop
You have to configure Hadoop server by making the following changes as given below.
core-site.xml

Open the core-site.xml file and edit it as shown below.

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fs.default.name
hdfs://hadoop-master:9000/

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dfs.permissions
false

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hdfs-site.xml
Open the hdfs-site.xml file and edit it as shown below.


dfs.data.dir

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/opt/hadoop/hadoop/dfs/name/data
true

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dfs.name.dir
/opt/hadoop/hadoop/dfs/name
true

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dfs.replication
1

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mapred-site.xml
Open the mapred-site.xml file and edit it as shown below.

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60 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


mapred.job.tracker
hadoop-master:9001

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hadoop-env.sh
Open the hadoop-env.sh file and edit JAVA_HOME, HADOOP_CONF_DIR, and HADOOP_OPTS as shown below.
Note: Set the JAVA_HOME as per your system configuration.

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export JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk1.7.0_17 export HADOOP_OPTS=-Djava.net.preferIPv4Stack=trueexport
HADOOP_CONF_DIR=/opt/hadoop/hadoop/conf
Installing Hadoop on Slave Servers
Install Hadoop on all the slave servers by following the given commands.
# suhadoop

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$ cd/opt/hadoop
$ scp-r hadoop hadoop-slave-1:/opt/hadoop
$ scp-r hadoop hadoop-slave-2:/opt/hadoop
Configuring Hadoop on Master Server
Open the master server and configure it by following the given commands.

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# suhadoop
$ cd/opt/hadoop/hadoop
Configuring Master Node
$ vietc/hadoop/masters
hadoop-master

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Configuring Slave Node
$ vietc/hadoop/slaves
hadoop-slave-1
hadoop-slave-2
Format Name Node on Hadoop Master

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# suhadoop
$ cd/opt/hadoop/hadoop
$ bin/hadoopnamenode?format
11/10/1410:58:07 INFO namenode.NameNode:
STARTUP_MSG:/************************************************************

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STARTUP_MSG: Starting NameNode
STARTUP_MSG: host = hadoop-master/192.168.1.109
STARTUP_MSG: args = [-format]
STARTUP_MSG: version = 1.2.0
STARTUP_MSG: build = https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/hadoop/common/branches/branch-1.2 -r 1479473;

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compiled by 'hortonfo' on Mon May 6 06:59:37 UTC 2013


61 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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STARTUP_MSG: java = 1.7.0_71 ************************************************************/11/10/1410:58:08 INFO
util.GSet:Computing capacity for map BlocksMapeditlog=/opt/hadoop/hadoop/dfs/name/current/edits
?.
?.
?.11/10/1410:58:08 INFO common.Storage:Storage directory

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/opt/hadoop/hadoop/dfs/name has been successfully formatted.11/10/1410:58:08 INFO namenode.NameNode:
SHUTDOWN_MSG:/************************************************************ SHUTDOWN_MSG: Shutting down
NameNode at hadoop-master/192.168.1.15 ************************************************************/
Starting Hadoop Services
The following command is to start all the Hadoop services on the Hadoop-Master.

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$ cd $HADOOP_HOME/sbin
$ start-all.sh
Adding a New DataNode in the Hadoop Cluster
Given below are the steps to be followed for adding new nodes to a Hadoop cluster.
Networking

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Add new nodes to an existing Hadoop cluster with some appropriate network configuration. Assume the following
network configuration.
For New node Configuration:
IP address :192.168.1.103
netmask:255.255.255.0

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hostname : slave3.in
Adding User and SSH Access
Add a User
On a new node, add "hadoop" user and set password of Hadoop user to "hadoop123" or anything you want by using
the following commands.

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useraddhadoop
passwdhadoop
Setup Password less connectivity from master to new slave.
Execute the following on the master
mkdir-p $HOME/.ssh

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chmod700 $HOME/.ssh
ssh-keygen-t rsa-P ''-f $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa
cat $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys
chmod644 $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys
Copy the public key to new slave node inhadoop user $HOME directory

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scp $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop@192.168.1.103:/home/hadoop/
Execute the following on the slaves
Login to hadoop. If not, login to hadoop user.

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62 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

suhadoopssh-X hadoop@192.168.1.103
Copy the content of public key into file "$HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys" and then change the permission for the
same by executing the following commands.

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cd $HOME
mkdir-p $HOME/.ssh
chmod700 $HOME/.ssh
cat id_rsa.pub >>$HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys
chmod644 $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys

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Check ssh login from the master machine. Now check if you can ssh to the new node without a password from the
master.
ssh hadoop@192.168.1.103or hadoop@slave3
Set Hostname of New Node
You can set hostname in file /etc/sysconfig/network

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Onnew slave3 machine
NETWORKING=yes
HOSTNAME=slave3.in
To make the changes effective, either restart the machine or run hostname command to a new machine with the
respective hostname (restart is a good option).

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On slave3 node machine:
hostname slave3.in
Update /etc/hosts on all machines of the cluster with the following lines:
192.168.1.102 slave3.in slave3
Now try to ping the machine with hostnames to check whether it is resolving to IP or not.

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On new node machine:
ping master.in
Start the DataNode on New Node
Start the datanode daemon manually using $HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoop-daemon.sh script. It will automatically
contact the master (NameNode) and join the cluster. We should also add the new node to the conf/slaves file in the

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master server. The script-based commands will recognize the new node.
Login to new node
suhadooporssh-X hadoop@192.168.1.103
Start HDFS on a newly added slave node by using the following command
./bin/hadoop-daemon.sh start datanode

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63 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Check the output of jps command on a new node. It looks as follows.

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$ jps
7141DataNode
10312Jps
Removing a DataNode from the Hadoop Cluster
We can remove a node from a cluster on the fly, while it is running, without any data loss. HDFS provides a

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decommissioning feature, which ensures that removing a node is performed safely. To use it, follow the steps as
given below:
1. Login to master
Login to master machine user where Hadoop is installed.
$ suhadoop

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2 Change cluster configuration
An exclude file must be configured before starting the cluster. Add a key named dfs.hosts.exclude to our
$HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml file. The value associated with this key provides the full path to a file
on the NameNode's local file system which contains a list of machines which are not permitted to connect to HDFS.
For example, add these lines to etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml file.

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dfs.hosts.exclude
/home/hadoop/hadoop-1.2.1/hdfs_exclude.txt

DFS exclude

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3. Determine hosts to decommission
Each machine to be decommissioned should be added to the file identified by the hdfs_exclude.txt, one domain
name per line. This will prevent them from connecting to the NameNode. Content of the "/home/hadoop/hadoop-
1.2.1/hdfs_exclude.txt" file is shown below, if you want to remove DataNode2.slave2.in

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4. Force configuration reload
Run the command "$HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoopdfsadmin -refreshNodes" without the quotes.
$ $HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoopdfsadmin-refreshNodes
This will force the NameNode to re-read its configuration, including the newly updated ?excludes? file. It will
decommission the nodes over a period of time, allowing time for each node's blocks to be replicated onto machines

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which are scheduled to remain active.On slave2.in, check the jps command output. After some time, you will see the
DataNode process is shutdown automatically.
5. Shutdown nodes
After the decommission process has been completed, the decommissioned hardware can be safely shut down for
maintenance. Run the report command to dfsadmin to check the status of decommission. The following command

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will describe the status of the decommission node and the connected nodes to the cluster.


64 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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$ $HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoopdfsadmin-report
6. Edit excludes file again
Once the machines have been decommissioned, they can be removed from the ?excludes? file. Running
"$HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoopdfsadmin -refreshNodes" again will read the excludes file back into the
NameNode; allowing the DataNodes to rejoin the cluster after the maintenance has been completed, or additional

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capacity is needed in the cluster again, etc.

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Result:
Thus the program to install storage controller was executed successfully.

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65 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find a procedure to set up the one node Hadoop
cluster
Application:
Many organisations are required to deal with large data sets. To handle the large data sets these organisations

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use hadoop cluster. But they need to set up hadoop cluster with different number of nodes several times.


1) What is Big Data?
2) What are the four characteristics of Big Data?

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3) What are real-time industry applications of Hadoop?
4) What all modes Hadoop can be run in?
5) What are the most common Input Formats in Hadoop?
6) Define DataNode
7) What are the core methods of a Reducer?

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8) What is Job Tracker role in Hadoop?
9) What is the use of RecordReader in Hadoop?
10) What companies use Hadoop, any idea?
11) Why do we need Hadoop?
12) What is the basic difference between traditional RDBMS and Hadoop?

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Viva-Voce

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66 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

EX.NO.07: MOUNT THE ONE NODE HADOOP CLUSTER USING FUSE

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Aim:
To Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
Interfaces
Following are the important interfaces:
? Client<-->ResourceManager

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By using YarnClient objects.
? ApplicationMaster<-->ResourceManager
By using AMRMClientAsync objects, handling events asynchronously by
AMRMClientAsync.CallbackHandler
? ApplicationMaster<-->NodeManager

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Launch containers. Communicate with NodeManagers by using NMClientAsync objects, handling container
events by NMClientAsync.CallbackHandler
Writing a Simple Yarn Application
Writing a simple Client
? The first step that a client needs to do is to initialize and start a YarnClient.

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? YarnClientyarnClient = YarnClient.createYarnClient();
? yarnClient.init(conf);
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

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0 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

College o f Engineering
?

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DEPARTMENT OF
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

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CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
VII SEMESTER - R 2013

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Name : ______________________________________
Reg. No. : ______________________________________
Section : ______________________________________
LABORATORY MANUAL

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1 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

DHANALAKSHMI

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is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and enterprising
professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and training.

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? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic Excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart and
soul

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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

To strive for acquiring, applying and imparting knowledge in Computer Science and Engineering through quality
education and to provide enthusiastic professionals with commitment

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? To produce highly competent and globally employable engineers in the field of Computer Science and
Engineering
? To inculcate human values among the student community and make them realize their commitment to the society
? To exhibit excellence in pursuit of research and innovative products with a zeal to serve the society

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VISION
VISION
MISSION

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MISSION


2 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)
1. Fundamentals
To provide students with a solid foundation in Mathematics, Science and fundamentals of engineering, enabling
them to apply, to find solutions for engineering problems and use this knowledge to acquire higher education
2. Core Competence

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To train the students in Computer science and engineering technologies so that they apply their knowledge and
training to compare, and to analyze various engineering industrial problems to find solutions
3. Breadth
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice this enables them to
find solutions for the real time problems in industry, and to design products

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4. Professionalism
To inculcate professional and effective communication skills, leadership qualities and team spirit in the students
to make them multi-faceted personalities and develop their ability to relate engineering issues to broader social
context
5. Lifelong Learning/Ethics

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To demonstrate and practice ethical and professional responsibilities in the industry and society in the large,
through commitment and lifelong learning needed for successful professional career

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4


PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)
a) To demonstrate and apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in

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Electronics and Communication Engineering field
b) To design a component, a system or a process to meet the specific needs within the realistic constraints
such as economics, environment, ethics, health, safety and manufacturability
c) To demonstrate the competency to use software tools for computation, simulation and testing of electronics and
communication engineering circuits

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d) To identify, formulate and solve electronic and communication engineering problems
e) To demonstrate an ability to visualize and work on laboratory and multidisciplinary tasks
f) To function as a member or a leader in multidisciplinary activities
g) To communicate in verbal and written form with fellow engineers and society at large
h) To understand the impact of Electronics and Communication Engineering in the society and demonstrate awareness

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of contemporary issues and commitment to give solutions exhibiting social responsibility
i) To demonstrate professional & ethical responsibilities
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To participate and succeed in competitive exams

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5 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

SYLLABUS
Learn the working of ARM processor
Understand the Building Blocks of Embedded Systems

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Learn the concept of memory map and memory interface
Know the characteristics of Real Time Systems
Write programs to interface memory, I/Os with processor
Study the interrupt performance
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

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GRID COMPUTING LAB
Use Globus Toolkit or equivalent and do the following:
1. Develop a new Web Service for Calculator.
2. Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service.
3. Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service.

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4. Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs
5. Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus Toolkit.
6. Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it with and without
GRAM concept.

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CLOUD COMPUTING LAB
Use Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent to set up the cloud and demonstrate.
1. Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines
COURSE OBJECTIVES

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6 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

can be utilized at particular time.
2. Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even

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after the release of the virtual machine.
3. Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program.
4. Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other.
5. Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it.
6. Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster.

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7. Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE.
8. Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it.
9. Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits.
? Design and implement applications on the Grid.
? Design and Implement applications on the Cloud.

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? Design network objects by applying the networking concepts.
? Create virtualization concept.
? Design web based applications.
? Apply cloud tools for resource allocation.
? Apply grid tools for network translation.

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? Design private cloud using open stack.
COURSE OUTCOMES

7

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CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
CONTENTS
Sl. No. Name of the Experiment Page No.
CYCLE 1 ? EXPERIMENTS ( GRID COMPUTING)

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1
Develop a new Web Service for Calculator 7
2
Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service 16
3

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Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service 19
4
Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs 22
5
Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus

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Toolkit
25
6
Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it
with and without GRAM concept

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27
CYCLE 2 ? EXPERIMENTS (CLOUD COMPUTING)
1
Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how
many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time

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34
2
Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it
holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
36

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3 Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program 39
4
Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to
the other
42

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5 Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it 45
6 Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster 47
7 Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE
ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS
1 Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it 52

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2 Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks 55

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8 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO GRID COMPUTING

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GRID TECHNOLOGY

? Flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and
resource

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? Grid architecture
? Defined using services and protocols
? Using the ?sand hourglass? model similar to the TCP/IP protocol stack

"A computational grid is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides dependable, consistent, pervasive and

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inexpensive access to high-end computational capabilities."
Grid computing makes it possible to dynamically share and coordinate dispersed, heterogeneous computing
resources. Flexibility and ubiquity are essential characteristics of Web services technologies such as WSDL (Web
Services Description Language), SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), and UDDI (Universal Description,
Discovery, and Integration).

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The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) combines technologies to unlock and exploit grid-attached resources.
OGSA defines mechanisms to create, manage, and exchange information between Grid Services, a special type of
Web service. The architecture uses WSDL extensively to describe the structure and behavior of a service. Service
descriptions are located and discovered using Web Services Inspection Language (WSIL). By combining elements
from grid computing and Web services technologies, OGSA establishes an extensible and interoperable design and

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development framework for Grid Services that includes details for service definition, discovery, and life-cycle
management.


9 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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GLOBUS TOOLKIT

The Globus Toolkit provides software tools to make it easier to build computational grids and grid-based

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applications. The Globus Toolkit is both an open architecture and open source toolkit.

? The Globus Toolkit is a product of the Globus Alliance (http://www.globus.org)
? It is middleware for developing grids
? The current release is 6.0.

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? Four key protocols and APIs
? Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI)
? Grid Resource Allocation & Mgmt (GRAM)
? Grid Resource Information Protocol (GRIP) and Index Information Protocol (GIIP)
? Grid File Transfer Protocol (GridFTP)

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? Implementations on many platforms
? Resources, security systems, data models,
? Various collective layer protocols & tools
? Info services, replica management, etc.
? A basis for many Grid-enabled tools & apps

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FTP, SSH, Condor, SRB, MPI, EDG, GridPort,
GLOBUS TOOLKIT? COMPONENTS
? Security
? GSI ? Grid Security Infrastructure
? Resource Management

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? GRAM ? Grid Resource Allocation Manager
o globusrun
o RSL
o gatekeeper
o job manager

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o DUROC ? Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator
? Information Services
? MDS ? Monitoring and Discovery Service

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10 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

o GRIS ? Grid Resource Information Service
o GIIS ? Grid Index Information Service
o MDS Client

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? Data Management
o GridFTP, GASS
The Globus Toolkit latest version 6.0 includes:
GSI: security
GridFTP: file transfer

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GRAM: job execution/resource management
MyProxy: credential repository/certificate authority
GSI-OpenSSH: GSI secure single sign-on remote shell

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11 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

GLOBUS TOOLKIT INSTALLATION PROCEDURE
Step1: For installing Globus Toolkit nothing more easy than download the latest package:
http://toolkit.globus.org/ftppub/gt6/installers/repo/globus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb

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sudodpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Step2: Update the repositories: sudo apt-get update
Step3: To install Debian or Ubuntu package, download the globus-toolkit-repo package
from the link above and install it with the command:
root@sysa63:/home/#dpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb

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Do the following for Debian-based systems:
root@sysa63:/home/#apt-get install globus-data-management-client

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12 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 01: DEVELOP A NEW WEB SERVICE FOR CALCULATOR

Aim:
Develop a Web Service for new Calculator

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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1. Our first web service is an extremely simple Math Web Service, which we'll refer to asMathService. It will
2. allow users to perform the following operations:
a. Addition
b. Subtraction
3. Furthermore, MathService will have the following resource properties (RPs for short):

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a. Value (integer)
b. Last operation performed (string)
4. We will also add a "Get Value" operation to access the Value RP. Once a new resource is created, the
"value" RP is initialized to zero, and the "last operation" RP is initialized to "NONE". The parameter is
added/subtracted to the "value" RP, and the "last operation" RP is changed to "ADDITION" or

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"SUBTRACTION" accordingly. Also, the addition and subtraction operations don't return anything.
5. Writing and deploying a WSRF Web Service is easier than you might think. You just have to follow five
simple steps.
6. Define the service's interface. This is done with WSDL
7. Implement the service. This is done with Java.

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8. Define the deployment parameters. This is done with WSDD and JNDI
9. Compile everything and generate a GAR file. This is done with Ant
10. Deploy service. This is also done with a GT4 tool

Sample Code:

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_instance"
xmlns ="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"
xmlns:tns="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/examples/core/MathService_instance"
xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsrp="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-

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ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.xsd" xmlns:wsrpw="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-


13 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.wsdl"
xmlns:wsdlpp="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/2004/10/WSDLPreprocessor"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">

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Result:
Thus the program for developing web service for new calculator was successfully executed.

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14 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid by using Web Service for new Calculator
Applications:
To make a calculator in Windows application using web service

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1) What is Web Service?
2) What are the advantages of web services?
3) What are the different types of web services?
4) What is SOAP?

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5) What are the advantages of SOAP web services?
6) What are the disadvantages of SOAP web services?
7) What is WSDL?
8) What is UDDI?
9) What are RESTful web services?

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10) What are the advantages of RESTful web services?
11) What is the difference between SOAP and REST web services?
12) What is SOA service architecture?
13) What tools are used to deploy web services?
14) What is Web Service architecture?

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15) What are the advantages of web services in globus toolkit?
16) What are the different types of web services?
17) What is SOAP web services?
18) What is UDP and TCP?
19) What is stateless SOA?

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20) What is data balancing in WSDL?
Viva-voce


15 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 02: DEVELOP NEW OGSA-COMPLIANT WEB SERVICE

Aim:
To develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid Service using .NET language.

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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1. Developed by the Global Grid Forum
2. Aims to define a common, standard, open architecture for Grid Applications.
3. Defines a set of rules that make up a grid service.
4. Sharing and Coordinated use of diverse resources in Dynamic VO's

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Result:
Thus the program for developing OGSA- Complaint web service was successfully executed.

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16 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid
Service using .NET language
Applications:

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? Sharing of information among diverse components of large heterogenous grid systems
? WAN

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1. How would you decide what style of Web Service to use? SOAP WS or REST?
2. Does the service expose data or business logic?
3. Do consumers and the service providers require a formal contract?
4. Do we need to support multiple data formats?
5. Do we need to make AJAX calls?

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6. Is the call synchronous or asynchronous?
7. What level of security is required?
8. What level of transaction support is required?
9. Do we have limited band width?
10. What tools do you use to test your Web Services?

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11. What is the difference between SOA and a Web service?
12. What is a microservice architecture (aka MSA)?
13. What is data integrity?
14. What is cloud infrastructure?

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Viva-voce


17 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 03: USING APACHE AXIS DEVELOP A GRID SERVICE

Aim:
To develop a Grid service using Apache Axis

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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1. Creating the New Level in the Package
2. Edit the Configuration Files
3. Modify the Service Code
4. Modify the Client
5. Compile and Deploy

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6. Starting the Container
7. Compile the Client
8. Run the Client

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18 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00



Sample Output:

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Addition was successful
Subtraction was successful
Multiplication was successful
Division was successful
Current value: 20.

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Result:
Thus the program for Grid Service using Apache Axis was successfully executed.


19 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid service using Apache Axis

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Applications:
? To create web service in Java
? To work with Globus Tool kit standards web service

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1. What are the different application integration styles?
2. What is Grid Computing?
3. What is QOS?
4. What are the derivatives of grid computing?
5. What are the features of data grids?

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6. What is load balancing?
7. What is grid infrastructure?
8. Define ? Distributed Computing.
9. Define ? OSGI.
10. Define ? OSGA.

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11. What is the use of API?s in cloud services?
12. What is the difference between cloud and grid?
13. What is data communication?
14. What are the elements of data communication?

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Viva-voce

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20 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 04: DEVELOP APPLICATIONS USING JAVA OR C/C++ GRID

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APIS
Aim:
To develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Import all the necessary java packages and name the file as GridLayoutDemo.java
2. Set up components to preferred size

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3. Add buttons to experiment with Grid Layout
4. Add controls to set up horizontal and vertical gaps
5. Process the Apply gaps button press
6. Create the GUI
7. Create and set up the window,Set up the content pane and Display the Window

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8. Schedule a job for the event dispatch thread
9. Show the application's GUI

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21 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:

Figure 1: Horizontal, Left-to-Right Figure 2: Horizontal, Right-to-Left

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Result:

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Thus the program to develop an application in java using Grid APIs was successfully executed.


22 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Applications:

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Used for defining a application programme interface for common distributes computing functionality



1) Describe the two most important advantages of using Distributed/Grid Computing.

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2) What is the main function of DNS?
3) Briefly outline two applications of Public Key systems.
4) Provide one major difference between synchronous and asynchronous communication.
5) Provide one major difference between ASCII and Unicode encodings.
6) Provide two major differences between sequential computing and parallel computing.

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7) Write the any three Grid Applications.
8) Give the examples of Hardware service provider.
9) Give the example of software application ASP.
10) What are grid portals? Give example.
11) What are the high level services including in existing globus tool kit?

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12) Name the components available in Nimrod architecture?
13) What are the major objectives of Euro grid project?
14) What is the application specific work packages identified for the Euro grid?
15) Define dynamic accounting system.

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Viva-voce

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23 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

EX.NO. 05: DEVELOP SECURED APPLICATIONS USING BASIC
SECURITY MECHANISMS AVAILABLE IN GLOBUS TOOLKIT.

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Aim:
To develop a secured applications using a basic security mechanisms available in Globus toolkit
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
The Globus Toolkit incorporates multiple security components that establish the identity of users or services
(authentication), protect communications, and determine who is allowed to perform what actions (authorization), as
well as manage user credentials.

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? GSI C: The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and
certificate management.
? MyProxy: MyProxy is open source software for managing X.509 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) security
credentials (certificates and private keys).
? GSI-OpenSSH: GSI-OpenSSH is a modified version of OpenSSH that adds support for X.509 proxy

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certificate authentication and delegation, providing a single sign-on remote login and file transfer service.
The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and certificate
management. The authentication API is built using Public KeyInfrastructure (PKI) technologies, e.g. X.509
Certificates and TLS. In addition to authentication it features a delegation mechanism based upon X.509 Proxy
Certificates. Authorization support takes the form of a couple of APIs. The first provides a generic authorization API

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that allows callouts to perform access control based on the client's credentials (i.e. the X.509 certificate chain). The
second provides a simple access control list that maps authorized remote entities to local (system) user names. The
second mechanism also provides callouts that allow third parties to override the default behavior and is currently
used in the Gatekeeper and GridFTP servers. In addition to the above there are various lower level APIs and tools
for managing, discovering and querying certificates.

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Components for Grid Security
1. Basic Security Mechanisms
2. Components for Credential Generation
3. Components for Credential Management

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24 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Beyond verifying the identities of users and services, basic Grid security mechanisms leave access control decisions
to services. The Grid community has developed authorization and access control tools for storing and providing

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access to system-wide authorization information and for creating a central data store for supporting decentralized
control mechanisms.
Basic Security Mechanisms
? Pre-Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A non-Web services implementation of the Grid
Security Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI

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mechanisms
? Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A Web services implementation of the Grid Security
Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI mechanisms

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Result:
Thus the program to develop a security application available in Globus toolkit was successfully executed.

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a secured applications using a basic security
mechanisms available in Globus toolkit

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25 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Applications:
To provide easy acces to best breed open source network security


1. What are the collective services available in grid computing?

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2. What are the basic principles of autonomous computing?
3. What are the four essential characteristics of on demand business?
4. What are the essential capabilities provided by on demand business?
5. What are the two most important technologies for building semantic webs?
6. Define Peer to Peer computing?

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7. What is the combination of Globus GT3 toolkit?
8. What is a GT3 core?
9. What are the components available in service model?
10. Define WS-Trust
11. Define WS ?Federation

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12. Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
13. Who are the actors in CDC?
14. Mention the scenarios in CDC?
15. What are the functional requirements of CDC on OGSA?

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Viva-voce

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26 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 06: DEVELOP A GRID PORTAL, WHERE USER CAN SUBMIT
A JOB AND GET THE RESULT, IMPLEMENT IT WITH AND WITHOUT

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GRAM CONCEPT.
Aim:
To develop a Grid portal and implement it with and without GRAM concept
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

Procedure:
Multiple times that the likely user interface to grid applications will be through portals, specifically Web portals. A grid

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portal may be constructed as a Web page interface to provide easy access to grid applications. The Web user
interface provides user authentication, job submission, job monitoring, and results of the job.
Globus Resource Allocation Manager (GRAM)
When a job is submitted by a client, the request is sent to the remote host and handled by a gatekeeper daemon.
The gatekeeper creates a job manager to start and monitor the job. When the job is finished, the job manager

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sends the status information back to the client and terminates.
The GRAM subsystem consists of the following elements:
? The globusrun command and associated APIs Resource Specification Language (RSL)
? The gatekeeper daemon The job manager Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator (DUROC)
Each of these elements are described briefly below.

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The globusrun command
The globusrun command (or its equivalent API) submits a job to a resource within the grid. This command
is typically passed an RSL string (see below) that specifies parameters and other properties required to successfully
launch and run the job

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27 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Resource Specification Language (RSL)
RSL is a language used by clients to specify the job to be run. All job submission requests are described in an RSL

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string that includes information such as the executable file; its parameters; information about redirection of stdin,
stdout, and stderr; and so on. Basically it provides a standard way of specifying all of the information required to
execute a job, independent of the target environment. It is then the responsibility of the job manager on the target
system to parse the information and launch the job in the appropriate way.
The syntax of RSL is very straightforward. Each statement is enclosed within parenthesis. Comments are

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designated with parenthesis and asterisks, for example, (* this is a comment *). Supported attributes include the
following:
rsl_substitution: Defines variables
executable: The script or command to be run
arguments: Information or flags to be passed to the executable

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stdin: Specifies the remote URL and local file used for the executable stdout: Specifies the remote file to place
standard output from the job stderr: Specifies the remote file to place standard error from the job queue: Specifies the
queue to submit the job (requires a scheduler) count: Specifies the number of executions
directory: Specifies the directory to run the job
project: Specifies a project account for the job (requires a scheduler) dryRun: Verifies the RSL string but

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does not run the job
maxMemory: Specifies the maximum amount of memory in MBs required for the job
minMemory: Specifies the minimum amount of memory in MBs required for the job
hostCount: Specifies the number of nodes in a cluster required for the job environment: Specifies environment
variables that are required for the job

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jobType: Specifies the type of job single process, multi-process, mpi, or condor
maxTime: Specifies the maximum execution wall or cpu time for one execution
maxWallTime: Specifies the maximum walltime for one execution maxCpuTime: Specifies the maximum
cpu time for one execution
gramMyjob: Specifies the whether the gram myjob interface starts one process/thread (independent) or more

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(collective)


28 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to develop Grid Portal was successfully executed.


29 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid portal and implement it with and

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without GRAM concept
Application:
? It is useful and necessary for interfaces for the performance of operations on the Grid. The Grid
Portal Development Kit (GPDK) facilitates the development of Grid portals and provides several key
reusable components for accessing various Grid services.

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? A Grid Portal provides a customizable interface allowing scientists to perform a variety of Grid
operations including remote program submission, file staging, and querying of information services
from a single, secure gateway.
? The Grid Portal Development Kit leverages off existing Globus/Grid middleware infrastructure as
well as commodity web technology including Java Server Pages and servlets .

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1) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?
2) What are the major goals of OGSA?

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3) What are the more specific goals of OGSA?
4) What are the main purposes of use case defined by OGSA?
5) Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
6) What are the layers available in OGSA architectural organizations?
7) What are the OGSA basic services?

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8) What are the two aspects involved in GRAM?
9) What are the two kinds of lifecycle model associated with state data recovery?
10) What is a GT3 core?
11) What are the major components of default server side framework?
12) What is Grid container?

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13) What are the two levels of security available in GT3?
14) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?
15) What are the two different message-level authentication mechanisms provided by GT3 framework?
16) What are the most common GT3 security handlers?
Viva-voce

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30 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

INTRODUCTION TO CLOUD COMPUTING

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What is cloud computing?
Cloud computing means that instead of all the computer hardware and software you're using sitting on your
desktop, or somewhere inside your company's network, it's provided for you as a service by another company and
accessed over the Internet, usually in a completely seamless way. Exactly where the hardware and software is

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located and how it all works doesn't matter to you, the user?it's just somewhere up in the nebulous "cloud" that the
Internet represents.
Cloud computing is a buzzword that means different things to different people. For some, it's just another way of
describing IT (information technology) "outsourcing"; others use it to mean any computing service provided over the
Internet or a similar network; and some define it as any bought-in computer service you use that sits outside your

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firewall.
Types of cloud computing
IT people talk about three different kinds of cloud computing, where different services are being provided for you.
Note that there's a certain amount of vagueness about how these things are defined and some overlap between
them.

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? Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) means you're buying access to raw computing hardware over the Net,
such as servers or storage. Since you buy what you need and pay-as-you-go, this is often referred to as
utility computing. Ordinary web hosting is a simple example of IaaS: you pay a monthly subscription or a
per-megabyte/gigabyte fee to have a hosting company serve up files for your website from their servers.
? Software as a Service (SaaS) means you use a complete application running on someone else's system.

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Web-based email and Google Documents are perhaps the best-known examples. Zoho is another well-
known SaaS provider offering a variety of office applications online.
? Platform as a Service (PaaS) means you develop applications using Web-based tools so they run on
systems software and hardware provided by another company. So, for example, you might develop your
own ecommerce website but have the whole thing, including the shopping cart, checkout, and payment

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mechanism running on a merchant's server. App Cloud (from salesforce.com) and the Google App Engine
are examples of PaaS.
Advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing
Advantages
The pros of cloud computing are obvious and compelling. If your business is selling books or repairing shoes,

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why get involved in the nitty gritty of buying and maintaining a complex computer system? If you run an insurance
office, do you really want your sales agents wasting time running anti-virus software, upgrading word-processors, or
worrying about hard-drive crashes? Do you really want them cluttering your expensive computers with their personal

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31 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

emails, illegally shared MP3 files, and naughty YouTube videos?when you could leave that responsibility to
someone else? Cloud computing allows you to buy in only the services you want, when you want them, cutting the
upfront capital costs of computers and peripherals. You avoid equipment going out of date and other familiar IT

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problems like ensuring system security and reliability. You can add extra services (or take them away) at a moment's
notice as your business needs change. It's really quick and easy to add new applications or services to your
business without waiting weeks or months for the new computer (and its software) to arrive.
Drawbacks
Instant convenience comes at a price. Instead of purchasing computers and software, cloud computing means you

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buy services, so one-off, upfront capital costs become ongoing operating costs instead. That might work out much
more expensive in the long-term.
If you're using software as a service (for example, writing a report using an online word processor or sending emails
through webmail), you need a reliable, high-speed, broadband Internet connection functioning the whole time you're
working. That's something we take for granted in countries such as the United States, but it's much more of an issue

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in developing countries or rural areas where broadband is unavailable.
An Introduction to Cloud Computing with OpenNebula
An OpenNebula Private Cloud provides infrastructure users with an elastic platform for fast delivery and scalability of
services to meet dynamic demands of service end-users. Services are hosted in VMs, and then submitted,
monitored and controlled in the Cloud by using Sunstone or any of the OpenNebula interfaces:

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? Command Line Interface (CLI)
? XML-RPC API
? OpenNebulaRuby and Java Cloud APIs
The aim of a Private Cloud is not to expose to the world a cloud interface to sell capacity over the Internet, but to
provide local cloud users and administrators with a flexible and agile private infrastructure to run virtualized service

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workloads within the administrative domain. OpenNebula virtual infrastructure interfaces expose user and
administrator functionality for virtualization, networking, image and physical resource configuration, management,
monitoring and accounting.

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32 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No.1: FIND PROCEDURE TO RUN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE OF
DIFFERENT CONFIGURATION. CHECK HOW MANY VIRTUAL
MACHINES CAN BE UTILIZED AT PARTICULAR TIME.

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Aim:
To Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be
utilized at particular time
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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Creating Virtual Machines
In OpenNebula the Virtual Machines are defined with Template files. The Template Repository system allows
OpenNebula administrators and users to register Virtual Machine definitions in the system, to be instantiated later as
Virtual Machine instances. These Templates can be instantiated several times, and also shared with other users.
Virtual Machine Model

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A Virtual Machine within the OpenNebula system consists of:
? A capacity in terms memory and CPU
? A set of NICs attached to one or more virtual networks
? A set of disk images
? A state file (optional) or recovery file, that contains the memory image of a running VM plus some hypervisor

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specific information.
The above items, plus some additional VM attributes like the OS kernel and context information to be used inside the
VM, are specified in a template file.
Defining a VM in 3 Steps
Virtual Machines are defined in an OpenNebula Template. Templates are stored in a repository to easily browse and

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instantiate VMs from them. To create a new Template you have to define 3 things


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? Capacity & Name, how big will the VM be?
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
NAME Name that the VM will get for description purposes. Yes one-
MEMORY Amount of RAM required for the VM, in Megabytes. Yes
CPU CPU ratio (e..g half a physical CPU is 0.5). Yes

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VCPU Number of virtual cpus. No 1
Disks. Each disk is defined with a DISK attribute. A VM can use three types of disk:
? Use a persistent Image changes to the disk image will persist after the VM is shutdown.
? Use a non-persistent Image images are cloned, changes to the image will be lost.
? Volatile disks are created on the fly on the target host. After the VM is shutdown the disk is disposed.

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Persistent and Clone Disks
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
IMAGE_ID and IMAGE The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes
IMAGE_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No self

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IMAGE_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No self
Volatile
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
TYPE
Type of the disk: swap, fs. swap type will set the label to swap so it is

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easier to mount and the context packages will automatically mount it.
Yes
SIZE size in MB Yes
FORMAT
filesystem for fs images: ext2, ext3, etc. raw will not format the image. For

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VMs to run on vmfs or vmwareshared configurations, the valid values are:
Yes


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Attribute Description Mandatory Default
vmdk_thin, vmdk_zeroedthick, vmdk_eagerzeroedthick

Network Interfaces. Each network interface of a VM is defined with the NIC attribute.

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Attribute Description Mandatory Default
NETWORK_ID and NETWORK The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes
NETWORK_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No Self
NETWORK_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No Self

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The following example shows a VM Template file with a couple of disks and a network interface, also a VNC section
was added.
NAME = test-vm
MEMORY = 128
CPU = 1

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DISK = [ IMAGE = "Arch Linux" ]
DISK = [ TYPE = swap,
SIZE = 1024 ]

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NIC = [ NETWORK = "Public", NETWORK_UNAME="oneadmin" ]

GRAPHICS = [
TYPE = "vnc",
LISTEN = "0.0.0.0"]

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Simple templates can be also created using the command line instead of creating a template file. The parameters to
do this for onetemplate are:

Parameter

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Description
--namename Name for the VM
--cpucpu CPU percentage reserved for the VM (1=100% one CPU)

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35 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


Parameter

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Description
--vcpuvcpu Number of virtualized CPUs
--archarch Architecture of the VM, e.g.: i386 or x86_64
--memorymemory Memory ammount given to the VM
--diskdisk0,disk1 Disks to attach. To use a disk owned by other user use user[disk]

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--nicvnet0,vnet1 Networks to attach. To use a network owned by other user use user[network]
--rawstring
Raw string to add to the template. Not to be confused with the RAW attribute. If you want
to provide more than one element, just include an enter inside quotes, instead of using
more than one -raw option

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--vnc Add VNC server to the VM
--ssh[file]
Add an ssh public key to the context. If the file is omited then the user variable
SSH_PUBLIC_KEY will be used.
--net_context Add network contextualization parameters

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--contextline1,line2 * Lines to add to the context section
--bootdevice Select boot device (hd, fd, cdrom or network)
A similar template as the previous example can be created with the following command:
$ onetemplate create --name test-vm --memory 128 --cpu 1 --disk "Arch Linux" --nic Public
Managing Virtual Machines

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Assuming we have a VM Template registered called vm-example with ID 6, then we can instantiate the VM issuing
a:
$ onetemplate list

ID USER GROUP NAME REGTIME

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6 oneadminoneadminvm_example 09/28 06:44:07

$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm

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36 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

VM ID: 0
If the template has USER INPUTSdefined the CLI will prompt the user for these values:
$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm

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There are some parameters that require user input.

* (BLOG_TITLE) Blog Title:
* (DB_PASSWORD) Database Password:

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VM ID: 0
Afterwards, the VM can be listed with the onevmlist command. You can also use the onevmtop command to list VMs
continuously.
$ onevm list

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ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME
0 oneadminoneadminmy_vm pend 0 0K 00 00:00:03
After a Scheduling cycle, the VM will be automatically deployed. But the deployment can also be forced by oneadmin
using onevmdeploy:
$ onehost list

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ID NAME RVM TCPU FCPU ACPU TMEM FMEM AMEM STAT
2 testbed 0 800 800 800 16G 16G16G on
$ onevm deploy 0 2

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$ onevm list

ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME
0 oneadminoneadminmy_vmrunn 0 0K testbed 00 00:02:40

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$ onevm show 0
VIRTUAL MACHINE 0 INFORMATION
ID :0
NAME : my_vm
USER : oneadmin

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GROUP : oneadmin


37 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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STATE : ACTIVE
LCM_STATE : RUNNING
START TIME : 04/14 09:00:24
END TIME : -
DEPLOY ID: : one-0

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PERMISSIONS
OWNER : um-
GROUP : ---
OTHER : ---
VIRTUAL MACHINE MONITORING

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NET_TX : 13.05
NET_RX : 0
USED MEMORY : 512
USED CPU : 0
VIRTUAL MACHINE TEMPLATE

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VIRTUAL MACHINE HISTORY

SEQ HOSTNAME REASON START TIME PTIME

0 testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00

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testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00

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38 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to run virtual machines on different configuration was successfully executed & its utilization time is
checked in various machines.

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39 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find procedure to run the virtual machine of different
Configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
Applications:
? An advantage of virtualizing the workload?s I/O path enables hardware independence by

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abstracting vendor specific drivers to more generalized versions that run on the hypervisor.
? It allows the live migration, which is one of virtualization?s greatest availability strengths
? The sharing of aggregate resources, such as network paths

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1. What is cloud computing?
2. What are the benefits of cloud computing?
3. What are the different data types used in cloud computing?
4. What are the different layers in cloud computing?

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5. What do you mean by software as a service?
6. What is on-demand functionality? How is it provided in cloud computing?
7. What are the platforms used for large scale cloud computing?
8. What are the different models for deployment in cloud computing?
9. What is the difference between cloud computing and mobile computing?

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10. What are the open source cloud computing platform databases?
11. What is the difference between cloud and traditional datacenters?
12. Why API's is used in cloud services?
13. What are the different datacenters in cloud computing?
14. Define API in data virtualization?

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15. List of API in cloud?
Viva-voce


40 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No.02: FIND PROCEDURE TO ATTACH VIRTUAL BLOCK TO
THE VIRTUAL MACHINE AND CHECK WHETHER IT HOLDS THE
DATA EVEN AFTER THE RELEASE OF THE VIRTUAL MACHINE.
Aim:

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To find a procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even after the
release of the virtual machine

Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

Procedure:

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VirtualBox uses a special kernel module called vboxdrv to perform physical memory allocation and to gain control of
the processor for guest system execution. Without this kernel module, you can still use the VirtualBox manager to
configure virtual machines, but they will not start. In addition, there are the network kernel modules vboxnetflt and
vboxnetadp which are required for the more advanced networking features of VirtualBox.
The VirtualBox kernel module is automatically installed on your system when you install VirtualBox. To

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maintain it with future kernel updates, for those Linux distributions which provide it -- most current ones -- we
recommend installing Dynamic Kernel Module Support (DKMS). This framework helps with building and upgrading
kernel modules.
If DKMS is not already installed, execute one of the following:
On an Ubuntu system:

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sudo apt-get install dkms
If DKMS is available and installed, the VirtualBox kernel module should always work automatically, and it will be
automatically rebuilt if your host kernel is updated.
Otherwise, there are only two situations in which you will need to worry about the kernel module:
1. The original installation fails. This probably means that your Linux system is not prepared for building

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external kernel modules.


41 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Most Linux distributions can be set up simply by installing the right packages - normally, these will be the
GNU compiler (GCC), GNU Make (make) and packages containing header files for your kernel - and making
sure that all system updates are installed and that the system is running the most up-to-date kernel included
in the distribution. The version numbers of the header file packages must be the same as that of the kernel
you are using.

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? With Debian and Ubuntu releases, you must install the right version of the linux-headers and if it exists
the linux-kbuild package. Current Ubuntu releases should have the right packages installed by default.
? In even older Debian and Ubuntu releases, you must install the right version of the kernel-headers
package.
? On Fedora and Redhat systems, the package is kernel-devel.

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? On SUSE and openSUSE Linux, you must install the right versions of the kernel-source and kernel-syms
packages.
? If you have built your own kernel, you will need to make sure that you also installed all the required
header and other files for building external modules to the right locations. The details of how to do
this will depend on how you built your kernel, and if you are unsure you should consult the

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documentation which you followed to do so.
2. The kernel of your Linux host was updated and DKMS is not installed. In that case, the kernel module will
need to be reinstalled by executing (as root):
rcvboxdrv setup
Performing the installation

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VirtualBox is available in a number of package formats native to various common Linux distributions. In addition,
there is an alternative generic installer (.run) which should work on most Linux distributions.
Installing VirtualBox from a Debian/Ubuntu package
First, download the appropriate package for your distribution. The following examples assume that you are installing
to a 32-bit Ubuntu Wily system. Use dpkg to install the Debian package:

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sudodpkg -i virtualbox-5.0_5.0.20_Ubuntu_wily_i386.deb
The installer will also try to build kernel modules suitable for the current running kernel. If the build process is not
successful you will be shown a warning and the package will be left unconfigured. Please have a look at /var/log/vbox-
install.log to find out why the compilation failed. You may have to install the appropriate Linux kernel After correcting
any problems, do

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42 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

sudorcvboxdrv setup

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This will start a second attempt to build the module.
If a suitable kernel module was found in the package or the module was successfully built, the installation script will
attempt to load that module.
Once VirtualBox has been successfully installed and configured, you can start it by selecting "VirtualBox" in your
start menu or from the command line.

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Using the alternative installer (VirtualBox.run)
The alternative installer performs the following steps:
? It unpacks the application files to the target directory,
/opt/VirtualBox/
which cannot be changed.

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? It builds the VirtualBox kernel modules (vboxdrv, vboxnetflt and vboxnetadp) and installs them.
? It creates /sbin/rcvboxdrv, an init script to start the VirtualBox kernel module.
? It creates a new system group called vboxusers.
? It creates symbolic links in /usr/bin to the a shell script (/opt/VirtualBox/VBox) which does some sanity checks
and dispatches to the actual executables, VirtualBox, VBoxSDL, VBoxVRDP, VBoxHeadless and VBoxManage

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? It creates /etc/udev/rules.d/60-vboxdrv.rules, a description file for udev, if that is present, which makes the USB
devices accessible to all users in the vboxusers group.
? It writes the installation directory to /etc/vbox/vbox.cfg.
The installer must be executed as root with either install or uninstall as the first parameter.
sudo ./VirtualBox.run install

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Or if you do not have the "sudo" command available, run the following as root instead:
./VirtualBox.run install


43 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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After that you need to put every user which should be able to access USB devices from VirtualBox guests in the
group vboxusers, either through the GUI user management tools or by running the following command as root:
sudousermod -a -G vboxusers username
Performing a manual installation

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If, for any reason, you cannot use the shell script installer described previously, you can also perform a manual
installation. Invoke the installer like this:
./VirtualBox.run --keep --noexec
This will unpack all the files needed for installation in the directory install under the current directory. The VirtualBox
application files are contained in VirtualBox.tar.bz2 which you can unpack to any directory on your system. For

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example:
sudomkdir /opt/VirtualBox
sudo tar jxf ./install/VirtualBox.tar.bz2 -C /opt/VirtualBox
or as root:
mkdir /opt/VirtualBox

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tarjxf ./install/VirtualBox.tar.bz2 -C /opt/VirtualBox
The sources for VirtualBox's kernel module are provided in the src directory. To build the module, change to the
directory and issuemake
If everything builds correctly, issue the following command to install the module to the appropriate module directory:
sudo make install

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In case you do not have sudo, switch the user account to root and performmake install
The VirtualBox kernel module needs a device node to operate. The above make command will tell you how to create
the device node, depending on your Linux system. The procedure is slightly different for a classical Linux setup with
a /dev directory, a system with the now deprecated devfs and a modern Linux system with udev.
Note that the /dev/vboxdrv kernel module device node must be owned by root:root and must be read/writable only for

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the user.Next, you will have to install the system initialization script for the kernel module:
cp /opt/VirtualBox/vboxdrv.sh /sbin/rcvboxdrv
mkdir /etc/vbox
echo INSTALL_DIR=/opt/VirtualBox> /etc/vbox/vbox.cfg

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44 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

and, for convenience, create the following symbolic links:
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VirtualBox

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ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxManage
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxHeadless
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxSDL

Sample Output:

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Result:
Thus the program to attach virtual block to virtual machine was successfully executed & checked whether it holds the
data after the release of the virtual machine.

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45 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find a procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual
machine and check whether it holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
Application:
? To support the Cloud Computing with the Virtual Block Store System. The fast development of cloud
computing systems stimulates the needs for a standalone block storage system to provide persistent

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block storage services to virtual machines maintained by clouds.



1. What is Type-1 and Type-2 hypervisor?

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2. What is the use of virsh command?
3. Explain how you can transfer volume from one owner to another in Open Stack?
4. Discuss about KVM Features?
5. What is Virtual block?
6. What is Virtualization?

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7. What are virtual clusters?
8. How virtualization happens in data center?
9. List some of the open source grid middleware packages.
10. What is a programming model?
11. What is Hadoop?

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12. What are map and reduce functions?
13. How to run a job in hadoop?
14. What is HDFS?
15. What are the open source grid middleware packages?
16. What is peer to peer computing?

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17. What are node clusters?
18. How virtual migration happens in data center?
Viva-voce

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46 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No.03: INSTALL A C COMPILER IN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE AND
EXECUTE A SAMPLE PROGRAM.
Aim:

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To Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
1. Create a VM and Install any OS on it.
2.Install a C compiler on OS
3.Open a Editor and type the sample program and Save.
4.Compile and run the Program

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Example:
C programming on Linux based Environement

1. Open Terminal (Applications-Accessories-Terminal)
2. Open gedit by typing ?gedit&? on terminal(You can also use any other Text Editor application)

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3. Type the following on gedit
(or any other text editor)
#include
main()
{

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printf("Hello World\n");
}
Save this file as
?helloworld. C?
5. Type ?ls? on Terminal to see all files under current folder

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6. Confirm that ?helloworld.c? is in the current directory.
If not, type cd DIRECTORY_PATH to go to the
directory that has ?helloworld.c?
7. Type ?gcchelloworld.c? to compile, and type ?ls? to
confirm that a new executable file ?a.out? is created

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8. Type ?./a.out? on Terminal to run the program



47 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:

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Thus the program to install a C complier is done and the sample program was executed successfully.


48 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and
execute a sample program

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Application:
The application of installing a C compiler in the virtual machine benefits to have a portable executable, for
each platform.

1. What is the difference between Xen & KVM ?

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2. What are different hypervisors available in Linux ?
3. Which command is used to list all virtual machine running on the KVM hypervisor ?
4. What are the different states of a VM in Xen hypervisor ?
5. How to forcefully shutdown the KVM based virtual machine from the command line ?
6. What is virtual Machine?

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7. What is Compiler?
8. What is Directory?
9. List the C Compilers available?
10. What is virtualization?
11. List out VM operations

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12. What are different hypervisors available in windows?
13. How to implement applications on the cloud to install C compiler?
14. What are grid and cloud tools available?
15. What is hypervisor?
Viva-voce

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49 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No.04: SHOW THE VIRTUAL MACHINE MIGRATION BASED ON

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THE CERTAIN CONDITION FROM ONE NODE TO THE OTHER.

Aim:
To Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
1.Update source and target virtual machines to latest package versions
To help ensure that platform images between cloud providers are running the same version of key operating system
packages, update these packages to the latest versions on both source and target virtual machines.
sudo apt-get update

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sudo apt-get upgrade
2. Install rsync and screen packages on source and target virtual machines
The migration of application packages and files in this process will use rsync over ssh between source and target
virtual machines. The actual transfer of files between virtual machines can take some time, so I also recommend
using screen so that you can easily re-attach to an in-progress migration session if you are inadvertently

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disconnected.
Ensure that rsync and screen packages are installed on both the source and target virtual machines with these
commands:
sudo apt-get install rsync
sudo apt-get install screen

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3. Add a consistent user account to both source and target virtual machines
To facilitate the migration process, ensure that you have a consistent user account configured on both source and
target virtual machines with sudo enabled. The newly provisioned target virtual machines from Task 3 already

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50 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

include a user named azureuser with sudo enabled. To configure this same user on each source virtual machine,
use the following commands:
sudogroupadd -g 500 azureuser

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sudouseradd -u 500 -g 500 -m -s /bin/bash azureuser
sudopasswdazureuser
4. Start a screen session for the migration
On the source virtual machine, enter a new screen session for the migration by using the following command:
sudo screen -S AzureMigration

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If you are disconnected from the source virtual machine during the migration process, you can reconnect to the
detached screen session by using the following command after signing in again to the source virtual machine:
sudo screen -r
5. Build an exclusion list of directories and files
During the migration, we want to be careful to skip any files that include configuration information relating to the

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identity of the source virtual machines, such as IP addresses, hostnames, ssh keys, etc. For the Ubuntu-based
virtual machines that we migrated, we used the following commands on each source virtual machine to build our
list of directories and files to exclude from the migration process:
EXCLUDEFILE=/tmp/exclude.file
EXCLUDELIST='/boot /etc/fstab /etc/hostname /etc/issue /etc/hosts

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/etc/sudoers /etc/networks /etc/network/* /etc/resolv.conf
/etc/ssh/* /etc/sysctl.conf /etc/mtab /etc/udev/rules.d/*
/lock /net /tmp'
EXCLUDEPATH=$(echo $EXCLUDELIST | sed 's/\ /\\n/g')
echo -e $EXCLUDEPATH > $EXCLUDEFILE

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find / -name '*cloud-init*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE
find / -name '*cloud-config*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE
find / -name '*cloud-final*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE

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51 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

The actual list of directories and files that you exclude may vary from this list, based on the Linux distro version,
packages and applications that you are migrating.
Credits: Kudos to Kevin Carter who wrote a great article a couple years ago that provided a useful starting point for

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building a list of directories and files to consider excluding as part of a Linux-to-Linux migration process!
6. Stop applications during migration
To minimize application data changes from occurring during the migration process, stop the related applications and
daemons on the source virtual machines. The application that we migrated was a web application built using
Apache2, so we simply stopped the related Apache2 daemon.

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sudo service stop apache2
7. Migrate the application files and data
From each source virtual machine, migrate application files and data using two rsync passes over ssh. The first
pass performs the bulk of the data transfer, whereas the second pass uses checksums to confirm that all files were
transferred successfully.

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TARGETVM="insert_target_vm_public_ip_address"
rsync -e "ssh" -rlpEAXogDtSzh -P -x ?exclude-from="$EXCLUDEFILE" ?rsync-path="sudorsync" ?
verbose ?progress / azureuser@$TARGETVM:/
rsync -e "ssh" -crlpEAXogDtSzh -P -x ?exclude-from="$EXCLUDEFILE" ?rsync-path="sudorsync" ?
verbose ?progress / azureuser@$TARGETVM:/

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8. Restart each target virtual machine
After both rsync passes have completed, restart each target virtual machine to complete the migration
process.
sshazureuser@$TARGETVM
shutdown -r now

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Result:
Thus the program to implement migration of virtual machine was executed successfully.

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53 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to Show the virtual machine migration based on the
certain condition from one node to the other
Application:
? Its easier to migrate a Virtual Machine from one server to another, than migrating the operating
system and application(s) individually.

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? Using Virtual Machine Migration, its possible to migrate operating systems and applications from
older servers to newer servers easily and without disrupting the services.

1. What are the basic requirements of VM live migration in KVM?
2. Which command is used in KVM for VMs live migration?

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3. How to get hardware information of KVM guest machine?
4. What is VM migration?
5. Which type of virtualization is also characteristic of cloud computing ?
6. Which virtualization standard does the WebSphere Application Server Hypervisor Edition use?
7.Which three tools are included in the IBM Rational Jazz Collaborative Application Lifecycle

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Management (C/ALM) solution?
8. What are two ways a public cloud helps customers reduce their IT costs?
9.What functionality is provided by the IBM Security Network Intrusion Prevention System Virtual
Appliance for a cloud environment?
10. What are two important benefits of using cloud computing?

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11. What is the value of IBM Security Information and Event Manager in a cloud provider environment?
12. What is the main purpose of an IBM CloudBurst solution?
Viva-voce

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54 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

EX.NO.5: PROCEDURE TO INSTALL STORAGE CONTROLLER AND
INTERACT WITH IT.
Aim:

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Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it

Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

Procedure:

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To install Storage Control, follow these steps.
Ensure that Systems Director 6.3 is installed and running.
Ensure that you are logged in to Systems Director with a user ID that has administrative privileges.
Windows only: Restart the DB2 Management server.
a) Go to Start >Administrative Tools >Services.

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b) Select DB2 Management Service from the services window and restart it.
If you want to download and install Storage Control, go to step 5. If you want to install Storage Control from read-
only media, such as a CD or mounted .iso image, go to step 8.
From the Systems Director summary page, click the link Try Storage Control in the upper right corner.
A download page opens. Download the appropriate file for your operating system.

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7.Extract the files to the directory where you want to install Storage Control, then go to step 9.
8. Copy the Storage Control installer directory from the CD or the mounted .iso image into a temporary directory
close to the system root. For example, /SCInstall for AIX or Linux and C:\SCInstall for Windows.
9. Access a command window and navigate to the directory where you extracted the files or where you copied
the installer directory. Run the appropriate script. If you do not want the license agreement to display, use the -

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ioption when you run the script. For example, StorageControlInstall.sh -i.
Important: If you are not using IBM DB2 managed by Systems Director, then
the DB2 user ID used must have DB2 Administrator privileges.
On Microsoft Windows systems, run the script StorageControlInstall.bat.

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55 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

On Linux and AIX systems, run the script StorageControlInstall.sh.
10. Restart Systems Director as directed.

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Result:

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Thus the program to install storage controller was executed successfully.


56 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find procedure to install storage controller and
interact with it

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Application:
A controller offers a level of abstraction between an operating system and the physical drives. A RAID
controller presents groups to applications and operating systems as logical units for which data protection
schemes can be defined.

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1. What is a snapshot?
2. What is Thick Provision Lazy Zeroed?
3. What is Thick Provision Eager Zeroed?
4. What is Thin Provision?
5. What is VDI?

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6. What is storage vMotion?
7. How many virtual CPUs can I use on a Fault Tolerant virtual machine?
8. What is the use of vmware tools?
9. What happens if vCenter Server is offline when a failover event occurs?
10. What are the monitoring methods used for vSphere HA?

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11. What are the roles of a master host in vSphere HA?
12. What is the hardware version used in VMware ESXi 5.5?
13. What is server virtualization?
14. What is Network Virtualization?
15. What is template?

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Viva-Voce


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EX.NO.6: PROCEDURE TO SET UP ONE HADOOP CLUSTER

Aim:
To Find a procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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Follow the steps given below to have Hadoop Multi-Node cluster setup.
Installing Java
Java is the main prerequisite for Hadoop. First of all, you should verify the existence of java in your system using
?java -version?. The syntax of java version command is given below.
$ java-version

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If everything works fine it will give you the following output.
java version "1.7.0_71"
Java(TM) SE RuntimeEnvironment(build 1.7.0_71-b13)
JavaHotSpot(TM)Client VM (build 25.0-b02, mixed mode)
If java is not installed in your system, then follow the given steps for installing java.

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1. Download java (JDK - X64.tar.gz) by visiting the following link
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk7-downloads-1880260.html
Then jdk-7u71-linux-x64.tar.gz will be downloaded into your system.
2. Generally you will find the downloaded java file in Downloads folder. Verify it and extract the jdk-7u71-linux-
x64.gz file using the following commands.

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$ cdDownloads/
$ ls
jdk-7u71-Linux-x64.gz
$ tar zxf jdk-7u71-Linux-x64.gz
$ ls

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jdk1.7.0_71 jdk-7u71-Linux-x64.gz


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3. To make java available to all the users, you have to move it to the location ?/usr/local/?. Open the root, and type
the following commands.
$ su
password:
# mv jdk1.7.0_71 /usr/local/

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# exit
4. For setting up PATH and JAVA_HOME variables, add the following commands to ~/.bashrc file.
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.7.0_71
export PATH=PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
Now verify the java -version command from the terminal as explained above. Follow the above process and install

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java in all your cluster nodes.
Creating User Account
Create a system user account on both master and slave systems to use the Hadoop installation.
# useraddhadoop
# passwdhadoop

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Mapping the nodes
You have to edit hosts file in /etc/ folder on all nodes, specify the IP address of each system followed by their host
names.
# vi /etc/hosts
enter the following lines in the /etc/hosts file.

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192.168.1.109hadoop-master
192.168.1.145 hadoop-slave-1
192.168.56.1 hadoop-slave-2
Configuring Key Based Login
Setup ssh in every node such that they can communicate with one another without any prompt for password.

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# suhadoop
$ ssh-keygen-t rsa
$ ssh-copy-id-i~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub tutorialspoint@hadoop-master
$ ssh-copy-id-i~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop_tp1@hadoop-slave-1
$ ssh-copy-id-i~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop_tp2@hadoop-slave-2

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$ chmod0600~/.ssh/authorized_keys
$ exit
Installing Hadoop
In the Master server, download and install Hadoop using the following commands.
# mkdir /opt/hadoop

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# cd /opt/hadoop/
# wget http://apache.mesi.com.ar/hadoop/common/hadoop-1.2.1/hadoop-1.2.0.tar.gz
# tar -xzf hadoop-1.2.0.tar.gz
# mv hadoop-1.2.0 hadoop

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# chown -R hadoop /opt/hadoop
# cd /opt/hadoop/hadoop/

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Configuring Hadoop
You have to configure Hadoop server by making the following changes as given below.
core-site.xml

Open the core-site.xml file and edit it as shown below.

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fs.default.name
hdfs://hadoop-master:9000/

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dfs.permissions
false

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hdfs-site.xml
Open the hdfs-site.xml file and edit it as shown below.


dfs.data.dir

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/opt/hadoop/hadoop/dfs/name/data
true

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dfs.name.dir
/opt/hadoop/hadoop/dfs/name
true

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dfs.replication
1

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mapred-site.xml
Open the mapred-site.xml file and edit it as shown below.

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60 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


mapred.job.tracker
hadoop-master:9001

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hadoop-env.sh
Open the hadoop-env.sh file and edit JAVA_HOME, HADOOP_CONF_DIR, and HADOOP_OPTS as shown below.
Note: Set the JAVA_HOME as per your system configuration.

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export JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk1.7.0_17 export HADOOP_OPTS=-Djava.net.preferIPv4Stack=trueexport
HADOOP_CONF_DIR=/opt/hadoop/hadoop/conf
Installing Hadoop on Slave Servers
Install Hadoop on all the slave servers by following the given commands.
# suhadoop

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$ cd/opt/hadoop
$ scp-r hadoop hadoop-slave-1:/opt/hadoop
$ scp-r hadoop hadoop-slave-2:/opt/hadoop
Configuring Hadoop on Master Server
Open the master server and configure it by following the given commands.

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# suhadoop
$ cd/opt/hadoop/hadoop
Configuring Master Node
$ vietc/hadoop/masters
hadoop-master

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Configuring Slave Node
$ vietc/hadoop/slaves
hadoop-slave-1
hadoop-slave-2
Format Name Node on Hadoop Master

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# suhadoop
$ cd/opt/hadoop/hadoop
$ bin/hadoopnamenode?format
11/10/1410:58:07 INFO namenode.NameNode:
STARTUP_MSG:/************************************************************

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STARTUP_MSG: Starting NameNode
STARTUP_MSG: host = hadoop-master/192.168.1.109
STARTUP_MSG: args = [-format]
STARTUP_MSG: version = 1.2.0
STARTUP_MSG: build = https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/hadoop/common/branches/branch-1.2 -r 1479473;

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compiled by 'hortonfo' on Mon May 6 06:59:37 UTC 2013


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STARTUP_MSG: java = 1.7.0_71 ************************************************************/11/10/1410:58:08 INFO
util.GSet:Computing capacity for map BlocksMapeditlog=/opt/hadoop/hadoop/dfs/name/current/edits
?.
?.
?.11/10/1410:58:08 INFO common.Storage:Storage directory

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/opt/hadoop/hadoop/dfs/name has been successfully formatted.11/10/1410:58:08 INFO namenode.NameNode:
SHUTDOWN_MSG:/************************************************************ SHUTDOWN_MSG: Shutting down
NameNode at hadoop-master/192.168.1.15 ************************************************************/
Starting Hadoop Services
The following command is to start all the Hadoop services on the Hadoop-Master.

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$ cd $HADOOP_HOME/sbin
$ start-all.sh
Adding a New DataNode in the Hadoop Cluster
Given below are the steps to be followed for adding new nodes to a Hadoop cluster.
Networking

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Add new nodes to an existing Hadoop cluster with some appropriate network configuration. Assume the following
network configuration.
For New node Configuration:
IP address :192.168.1.103
netmask:255.255.255.0

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hostname : slave3.in
Adding User and SSH Access
Add a User
On a new node, add "hadoop" user and set password of Hadoop user to "hadoop123" or anything you want by using
the following commands.

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useraddhadoop
passwdhadoop
Setup Password less connectivity from master to new slave.
Execute the following on the master
mkdir-p $HOME/.ssh

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chmod700 $HOME/.ssh
ssh-keygen-t rsa-P ''-f $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa
cat $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys
chmod644 $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys
Copy the public key to new slave node inhadoop user $HOME directory

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scp $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop@192.168.1.103:/home/hadoop/
Execute the following on the slaves
Login to hadoop. If not, login to hadoop user.

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suhadoopssh-X hadoop@192.168.1.103
Copy the content of public key into file "$HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys" and then change the permission for the
same by executing the following commands.

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cd $HOME
mkdir-p $HOME/.ssh
chmod700 $HOME/.ssh
cat id_rsa.pub >>$HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys
chmod644 $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys

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Check ssh login from the master machine. Now check if you can ssh to the new node without a password from the
master.
ssh hadoop@192.168.1.103or hadoop@slave3
Set Hostname of New Node
You can set hostname in file /etc/sysconfig/network

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Onnew slave3 machine
NETWORKING=yes
HOSTNAME=slave3.in
To make the changes effective, either restart the machine or run hostname command to a new machine with the
respective hostname (restart is a good option).

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On slave3 node machine:
hostname slave3.in
Update /etc/hosts on all machines of the cluster with the following lines:
192.168.1.102 slave3.in slave3
Now try to ping the machine with hostnames to check whether it is resolving to IP or not.

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On new node machine:
ping master.in
Start the DataNode on New Node
Start the datanode daemon manually using $HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoop-daemon.sh script. It will automatically
contact the master (NameNode) and join the cluster. We should also add the new node to the conf/slaves file in the

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master server. The script-based commands will recognize the new node.
Login to new node
suhadooporssh-X hadoop@192.168.1.103
Start HDFS on a newly added slave node by using the following command
./bin/hadoop-daemon.sh start datanode

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Check the output of jps command on a new node. It looks as follows.

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$ jps
7141DataNode
10312Jps
Removing a DataNode from the Hadoop Cluster
We can remove a node from a cluster on the fly, while it is running, without any data loss. HDFS provides a

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decommissioning feature, which ensures that removing a node is performed safely. To use it, follow the steps as
given below:
1. Login to master
Login to master machine user where Hadoop is installed.
$ suhadoop

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2 Change cluster configuration
An exclude file must be configured before starting the cluster. Add a key named dfs.hosts.exclude to our
$HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml file. The value associated with this key provides the full path to a file
on the NameNode's local file system which contains a list of machines which are not permitted to connect to HDFS.
For example, add these lines to etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml file.

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dfs.hosts.exclude
/home/hadoop/hadoop-1.2.1/hdfs_exclude.txt

DFS exclude

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3. Determine hosts to decommission
Each machine to be decommissioned should be added to the file identified by the hdfs_exclude.txt, one domain
name per line. This will prevent them from connecting to the NameNode. Content of the "/home/hadoop/hadoop-
1.2.1/hdfs_exclude.txt" file is shown below, if you want to remove DataNode2.slave2.in

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4. Force configuration reload
Run the command "$HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoopdfsadmin -refreshNodes" without the quotes.
$ $HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoopdfsadmin-refreshNodes
This will force the NameNode to re-read its configuration, including the newly updated ?excludes? file. It will
decommission the nodes over a period of time, allowing time for each node's blocks to be replicated onto machines

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which are scheduled to remain active.On slave2.in, check the jps command output. After some time, you will see the
DataNode process is shutdown automatically.
5. Shutdown nodes
After the decommission process has been completed, the decommissioned hardware can be safely shut down for
maintenance. Run the report command to dfsadmin to check the status of decommission. The following command

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will describe the status of the decommission node and the connected nodes to the cluster.


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$ $HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoopdfsadmin-report
6. Edit excludes file again
Once the machines have been decommissioned, they can be removed from the ?excludes? file. Running
"$HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoopdfsadmin -refreshNodes" again will read the excludes file back into the
NameNode; allowing the DataNodes to rejoin the cluster after the maintenance has been completed, or additional

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capacity is needed in the cluster again, etc.

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Result:
Thus the program to install storage controller was executed successfully.

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65 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find a procedure to set up the one node Hadoop
cluster
Application:
Many organisations are required to deal with large data sets. To handle the large data sets these organisations

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use hadoop cluster. But they need to set up hadoop cluster with different number of nodes several times.


1) What is Big Data?
2) What are the four characteristics of Big Data?

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3) What are real-time industry applications of Hadoop?
4) What all modes Hadoop can be run in?
5) What are the most common Input Formats in Hadoop?
6) Define DataNode
7) What are the core methods of a Reducer?

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8) What is Job Tracker role in Hadoop?
9) What is the use of RecordReader in Hadoop?
10) What companies use Hadoop, any idea?
11) Why do we need Hadoop?
12) What is the basic difference between traditional RDBMS and Hadoop?

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Viva-Voce

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66 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

EX.NO.07: MOUNT THE ONE NODE HADOOP CLUSTER USING FUSE

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Aim:
To Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
Interfaces
Following are the important interfaces:
? Client<-->ResourceManager

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By using YarnClient objects.
? ApplicationMaster<-->ResourceManager
By using AMRMClientAsync objects, handling events asynchronously by
AMRMClientAsync.CallbackHandler
? ApplicationMaster<-->NodeManager

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Launch containers. Communicate with NodeManagers by using NMClientAsync objects, handling container
events by NMClientAsync.CallbackHandler
Writing a Simple Yarn Application
Writing a simple Client
? The first step that a client needs to do is to initialize and start a YarnClient.

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? YarnClientyarnClient = YarnClient.createYarnClient();
? yarnClient.init(conf);


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? yarnClient.start();
? Once a client is set up, the client needs to create an application, and get its application id.
? YarnClientApplication app = yarnClient.createApplication();
? GetNewApplicationResponseappResponse = app.getNewApplicationResponse();

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? The response from the YarnClientApplication for a new application also contains information about the
cluster such as the minimum/maximum resource capabilities of the cluster. This is required so that to ensure
that you can correctly set the specifications of the container in which the ApplicationMaster would be
launched. Please refer to GetNewApplicationResponse for more details.
? The main crux of a client is to setup the ApplicationSubmissionContext which defines all the information

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needed by the RM to launch the AM. A client needs to set the following into the context:
? Application info: id, name
? Queue, priority info: Queue to which the application will be submitted, the priority to be assigned for the
application.
? User: The user submitting the application

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? ContainerLaunchContext: The information defining the container in which the AM will be launched and run.
The ContainerLaunchContext, as mentioned previously, defines all the required information needed to run
the application such as the local *Resources (binaries, jars, files etc.), Environment settings (CLASSPATH
etc.), the Command to be executed and security T*okens (RECT).
The ApplicationReport received from the RM consists of the following:

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? General application information: Application id, queue to which the application was submitted, user who
submitted the application and the start time for the application.
? ApplicationMaster details: the host on which the AM is running, the rpc port (if any) on which it is
listening for requests from clients and a token that the client needs to communicate with the AM.
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

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0 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

College o f Engineering

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?



DEPARTMENT OF

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COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
VII SEMESTER - R 2013

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Name : ______________________________________
Reg. No. : ______________________________________
Section : ______________________________________

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LABORATORY MANUAL


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DHANALAKSHMI


is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and enterprising
professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and training.

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? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic Excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart and

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soul

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

To strive for acquiring, applying and imparting knowledge in Computer Science and Engineering through quality

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education and to provide enthusiastic professionals with commitment


? To produce highly competent and globally employable engineers in the field of Computer Science and
Engineering

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? To inculcate human values among the student community and make them realize their commitment to the society
? To exhibit excellence in pursuit of research and innovative products with a zeal to serve the society


VISION

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VISION
MISSION
MISSION

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2 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)
1. Fundamentals
To provide students with a solid foundation in Mathematics, Science and fundamentals of engineering, enabling

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them to apply, to find solutions for engineering problems and use this knowledge to acquire higher education
2. Core Competence
To train the students in Computer science and engineering technologies so that they apply their knowledge and
training to compare, and to analyze various engineering industrial problems to find solutions
3. Breadth

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To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice this enables them to
find solutions for the real time problems in industry, and to design products
4. Professionalism
To inculcate professional and effective communication skills, leadership qualities and team spirit in the students
to make them multi-faceted personalities and develop their ability to relate engineering issues to broader social

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context
5. Lifelong Learning/Ethics
To demonstrate and practice ethical and professional responsibilities in the industry and society in the large,
through commitment and lifelong learning needed for successful professional career

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4

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PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)
a) To demonstrate and apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Electronics and Communication Engineering field
b) To design a component, a system or a process to meet the specific needs within the realistic constraints
such as economics, environment, ethics, health, safety and manufacturability

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c) To demonstrate the competency to use software tools for computation, simulation and testing of electronics and
communication engineering circuits
d) To identify, formulate and solve electronic and communication engineering problems
e) To demonstrate an ability to visualize and work on laboratory and multidisciplinary tasks
f) To function as a member or a leader in multidisciplinary activities

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g) To communicate in verbal and written form with fellow engineers and society at large
h) To understand the impact of Electronics and Communication Engineering in the society and demonstrate awareness
of contemporary issues and commitment to give solutions exhibiting social responsibility
i) To demonstrate professional & ethical responsibilities
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning

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k) To participate and succeed in competitive exams

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CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

SYLLABUS

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Learn the working of ARM processor
Understand the Building Blocks of Embedded Systems
Learn the concept of memory map and memory interface
Know the characteristics of Real Time Systems
Write programs to interface memory, I/Os with processor

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Study the interrupt performance
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
GRID COMPUTING LAB
Use Globus Toolkit or equivalent and do the following:
1. Develop a new Web Service for Calculator.

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2. Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service.
3. Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service.
4. Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs
5. Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus Toolkit.
6. Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it with and without

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GRAM concept.

CLOUD COMPUTING LAB
Use Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent to set up the cloud and demonstrate.
1. Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines

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COURSE OBJECTIVES


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can be utilized at particular time.
2. Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even
after the release of the virtual machine.
3. Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program.
4. Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other.

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5. Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it.
6. Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster.
7. Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE.
8. Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it.
9. Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits.

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid.
? Design and Implement applications on the Cloud.
? Design network objects by applying the networking concepts.
? Create virtualization concept.
? Design web based applications.

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? Apply cloud tools for resource allocation.
? Apply grid tools for network translation.
? Design private cloud using open stack.
COURSE OUTCOMES

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7


CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
CONTENTS

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Sl. No. Name of the Experiment Page No.
CYCLE 1 ? EXPERIMENTS ( GRID COMPUTING)
1
Develop a new Web Service for Calculator 7
2

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Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service 16
3
Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service 19
4
Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs 22

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5
Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus
Toolkit
25
6

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Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it
with and without GRAM concept
27
CYCLE 2 ? EXPERIMENTS (CLOUD COMPUTING)
1

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Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how
many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
34
2
Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it

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holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
36
3 Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program 39
4
Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to

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the other
42
5 Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it 45
6 Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster 47
7 Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE

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ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS
1 Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it 52
2 Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks 55

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8 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO GRID COMPUTING


GRID TECHNOLOGY

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? Flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and
resource
? Grid architecture
? Defined using services and protocols
? Using the ?sand hourglass? model similar to the TCP/IP protocol stack

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"A computational grid is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides dependable, consistent, pervasive and
inexpensive access to high-end computational capabilities."
Grid computing makes it possible to dynamically share and coordinate dispersed, heterogeneous computing
resources. Flexibility and ubiquity are essential characteristics of Web services technologies such as WSDL (Web

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Services Description Language), SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), and UDDI (Universal Description,
Discovery, and Integration).
The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) combines technologies to unlock and exploit grid-attached resources.
OGSA defines mechanisms to create, manage, and exchange information between Grid Services, a special type of
Web service. The architecture uses WSDL extensively to describe the structure and behavior of a service. Service

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descriptions are located and discovered using Web Services Inspection Language (WSIL). By combining elements
from grid computing and Web services technologies, OGSA establishes an extensible and interoperable design and
development framework for Grid Services that includes details for service definition, discovery, and life-cycle
management.

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9 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


GLOBUS TOOLKIT

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The Globus Toolkit provides software tools to make it easier to build computational grids and grid-based
applications. The Globus Toolkit is both an open architecture and open source toolkit.

? The Globus Toolkit is a product of the Globus Alliance (http://www.globus.org)

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? It is middleware for developing grids
? The current release is 6.0.
? Four key protocols and APIs
? Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI)
? Grid Resource Allocation & Mgmt (GRAM)

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? Grid Resource Information Protocol (GRIP) and Index Information Protocol (GIIP)
? Grid File Transfer Protocol (GridFTP)
? Implementations on many platforms
? Resources, security systems, data models,
? Various collective layer protocols & tools

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? Info services, replica management, etc.
? A basis for many Grid-enabled tools & apps
FTP, SSH, Condor, SRB, MPI, EDG, GridPort,
GLOBUS TOOLKIT? COMPONENTS
? Security

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? GSI ? Grid Security Infrastructure
? Resource Management
? GRAM ? Grid Resource Allocation Manager
o globusrun
o RSL

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o gatekeeper
o job manager
o DUROC ? Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator
? Information Services
? MDS ? Monitoring and Discovery Service

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10 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

o GRIS ? Grid Resource Information Service

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o GIIS ? Grid Index Information Service
o MDS Client
? Data Management
o GridFTP, GASS
The Globus Toolkit latest version 6.0 includes:

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GSI: security
GridFTP: file transfer
GRAM: job execution/resource management
MyProxy: credential repository/certificate authority
GSI-OpenSSH: GSI secure single sign-on remote shell

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11 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

GLOBUS TOOLKIT INSTALLATION PROCEDURE

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Step1: For installing Globus Toolkit nothing more easy than download the latest package:
http://toolkit.globus.org/ftppub/gt6/installers/repo/globus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
sudodpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Step2: Update the repositories: sudo apt-get update
Step3: To install Debian or Ubuntu package, download the globus-toolkit-repo package

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from the link above and install it with the command:
root@sysa63:/home/#dpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Do the following for Debian-based systems:
root@sysa63:/home/#apt-get install globus-data-management-client

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12 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 01: DEVELOP A NEW WEB SERVICE FOR CALCULATOR

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Aim:
Develop a Web Service for new Calculator
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Our first web service is an extremely simple Math Web Service, which we'll refer to asMathService. It will
2. allow users to perform the following operations:
a. Addition

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b. Subtraction
3. Furthermore, MathService will have the following resource properties (RPs for short):
a. Value (integer)
b. Last operation performed (string)
4. We will also add a "Get Value" operation to access the Value RP. Once a new resource is created, the

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"value" RP is initialized to zero, and the "last operation" RP is initialized to "NONE". The parameter is
added/subtracted to the "value" RP, and the "last operation" RP is changed to "ADDITION" or
"SUBTRACTION" accordingly. Also, the addition and subtraction operations don't return anything.
5. Writing and deploying a WSRF Web Service is easier than you might think. You just have to follow five
simple steps.

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6. Define the service's interface. This is done with WSDL
7. Implement the service. This is done with Java.
8. Define the deployment parameters. This is done with WSDD and JNDI
9. Compile everything and generate a GAR file. This is done with Ant
10. Deploy service. This is also done with a GT4 tool

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Sample Code:

_instance"
xmlns ="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"

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xmlns:tns="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/examples/core/MathService_instance"
xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsrp="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-
ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.xsd" xmlns:wsrpw="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-

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13 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.wsdl"
xmlns:wsdlpp="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/2004/10/WSDLPreprocessor"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">

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Result:
Thus the program for developing web service for new calculator was successfully executed.

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14 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid by using Web Service for new Calculator
Applications:

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To make a calculator in Windows application using web service


1) What is Web Service?
2) What are the advantages of web services?

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3) What are the different types of web services?
4) What is SOAP?
5) What are the advantages of SOAP web services?
6) What are the disadvantages of SOAP web services?
7) What is WSDL?

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8) What is UDDI?
9) What are RESTful web services?
10) What are the advantages of RESTful web services?
11) What is the difference between SOAP and REST web services?
12) What is SOA service architecture?

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13) What tools are used to deploy web services?
14) What is Web Service architecture?
15) What are the advantages of web services in globus toolkit?
16) What are the different types of web services?
17) What is SOAP web services?

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18) What is UDP and TCP?
19) What is stateless SOA?
20) What is data balancing in WSDL?
Viva-voce

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15 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 02: DEVELOP NEW OGSA-COMPLIANT WEB SERVICE

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Aim:
To develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid Service using .NET language.
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

1. Developed by the Global Grid Forum
2. Aims to define a common, standard, open architecture for Grid Applications.

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3. Defines a set of rules that make up a grid service.
4. Sharing and Coordinated use of diverse resources in Dynamic VO's

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Result:
Thus the program for developing OGSA- Complaint web service was successfully executed.


16 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid

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Service using .NET language
Applications:
? Sharing of information among diverse components of large heterogenous grid systems
? WAN

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1. How would you decide what style of Web Service to use? SOAP WS or REST?
2. Does the service expose data or business logic?
3. Do consumers and the service providers require a formal contract?

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4. Do we need to support multiple data formats?
5. Do we need to make AJAX calls?
6. Is the call synchronous or asynchronous?
7. What level of security is required?
8. What level of transaction support is required?

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9. Do we have limited band width?
10. What tools do you use to test your Web Services?
11. What is the difference between SOA and a Web service?
12. What is a microservice architecture (aka MSA)?
13. What is data integrity?

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14. What is cloud infrastructure?


Viva-voce

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17 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 03: USING APACHE AXIS DEVELOP A GRID SERVICE

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Aim:
To develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Creating the New Level in the Package
2. Edit the Configuration Files
3. Modify the Service Code

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4. Modify the Client
5. Compile and Deploy
6. Starting the Container
7. Compile the Client
8. Run the Client

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18 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:
Addition was successful
Subtraction was successful
Multiplication was successful

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Division was successful
Current value: 20.

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Result:
Thus the program for Grid Service using Apache Axis was successfully executed.

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19 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Applications:
? To create web service in Java
? To work with Globus Tool kit standards web service

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1. What are the different application integration styles?
2. What is Grid Computing?
3. What is QOS?

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4. What are the derivatives of grid computing?
5. What are the features of data grids?
6. What is load balancing?
7. What is grid infrastructure?
8. Define ? Distributed Computing.

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9. Define ? OSGI.
10. Define ? OSGA.
11. What is the use of API?s in cloud services?
12. What is the difference between cloud and grid?
13. What is data communication?

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14. What are the elements of data communication?

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Viva-voce


20 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 04: DEVELOP APPLICATIONS USING JAVA OR C/C++ GRID
APIS
Aim:
To develop an application in Java using Grid APIs

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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1. Import all the necessary java packages and name the file as GridLayoutDemo.java
2. Set up components to preferred size
3. Add buttons to experiment with Grid Layout
4. Add controls to set up horizontal and vertical gaps
5. Process the Apply gaps button press

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6. Create the GUI
7. Create and set up the window,Set up the content pane and Display the Window
8. Schedule a job for the event dispatch thread
9. Show the application's GUI

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21 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:

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Figure 1: Horizontal, Left-to-Right Figure 2: Horizontal, Right-to-Left

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Result:
Thus the program to develop an application in java using Grid APIs was successfully executed.

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22 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Applications:
Used for defining a application programme interface for common distributes computing functionality

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1) Describe the two most important advantages of using Distributed/Grid Computing.
2) What is the main function of DNS?
3) Briefly outline two applications of Public Key systems.
4) Provide one major difference between synchronous and asynchronous communication.

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5) Provide one major difference between ASCII and Unicode encodings.
6) Provide two major differences between sequential computing and parallel computing.
7) Write the any three Grid Applications.
8) Give the examples of Hardware service provider.
9) Give the example of software application ASP.

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10) What are grid portals? Give example.
11) What are the high level services including in existing globus tool kit?
12) Name the components available in Nimrod architecture?
13) What are the major objectives of Euro grid project?
14) What is the application specific work packages identified for the Euro grid?

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15) Define dynamic accounting system.

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Viva-voce


23 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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EX.NO. 05: DEVELOP SECURED APPLICATIONS USING BASIC
SECURITY MECHANISMS AVAILABLE IN GLOBUS TOOLKIT.
Aim:
To develop a secured applications using a basic security mechanisms available in Globus toolkit
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
The Globus Toolkit incorporates multiple security components that establish the identity of users or services

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(authentication), protect communications, and determine who is allowed to perform what actions (authorization), as
well as manage user credentials.
? GSI C: The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and
certificate management.
? MyProxy: MyProxy is open source software for managing X.509 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) security

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credentials (certificates and private keys).
? GSI-OpenSSH: GSI-OpenSSH is a modified version of OpenSSH that adds support for X.509 proxy
certificate authentication and delegation, providing a single sign-on remote login and file transfer service.
The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and certificate
management. The authentication API is built using Public KeyInfrastructure (PKI) technologies, e.g. X.509

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Certificates and TLS. In addition to authentication it features a delegation mechanism based upon X.509 Proxy
Certificates. Authorization support takes the form of a couple of APIs. The first provides a generic authorization API
that allows callouts to perform access control based on the client's credentials (i.e. the X.509 certificate chain). The
second provides a simple access control list that maps authorized remote entities to local (system) user names. The
second mechanism also provides callouts that allow third parties to override the default behavior and is currently

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used in the Gatekeeper and GridFTP servers. In addition to the above there are various lower level APIs and tools
for managing, discovering and querying certificates.
Components for Grid Security
1. Basic Security Mechanisms
2. Components for Credential Generation

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3. Components for Credential Management


24 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Beyond verifying the identities of users and services, basic Grid security mechanisms leave access control decisions
to services. The Grid community has developed authorization and access control tools for storing and providing
access to system-wide authorization information and for creating a central data store for supporting decentralized
control mechanisms.
Basic Security Mechanisms

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? Pre-Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A non-Web services implementation of the Grid
Security Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI
mechanisms
? Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A Web services implementation of the Grid Security
Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI mechanisms

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Result:
Thus the program to develop a security application available in Globus toolkit was successfully executed.
Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a secured applications using a basic security
mechanisms available in Globus toolkit

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25 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Applications:
To provide easy acces to best breed open source network security

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1. What are the collective services available in grid computing?
2. What are the basic principles of autonomous computing?
3. What are the four essential characteristics of on demand business?
4. What are the essential capabilities provided by on demand business?

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5. What are the two most important technologies for building semantic webs?
6. Define Peer to Peer computing?
7. What is the combination of Globus GT3 toolkit?
8. What is a GT3 core?
9. What are the components available in service model?

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10. Define WS-Trust
11. Define WS ?Federation
12. Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
13. Who are the actors in CDC?
14. Mention the scenarios in CDC?

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15. What are the functional requirements of CDC on OGSA?

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Viva-voce


26 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 06: DEVELOP A GRID PORTAL, WHERE USER CAN SUBMIT
A JOB AND GET THE RESULT, IMPLEMENT IT WITH AND WITHOUT
GRAM CONCEPT.
Aim:
To develop a Grid portal and implement it with and without GRAM concept

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
Multiple times that the likely user interface to grid applications will be through portals, specifically Web portals. A grid
portal may be constructed as a Web page interface to provide easy access to grid applications. The Web user
interface provides user authentication, job submission, job monitoring, and results of the job.
Globus Resource Allocation Manager (GRAM)

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When a job is submitted by a client, the request is sent to the remote host and handled by a gatekeeper daemon.
The gatekeeper creates a job manager to start and monitor the job. When the job is finished, the job manager
sends the status information back to the client and terminates.
The GRAM subsystem consists of the following elements:
? The globusrun command and associated APIs Resource Specification Language (RSL)

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? The gatekeeper daemon The job manager Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator (DUROC)
Each of these elements are described briefly below.
The globusrun command
The globusrun command (or its equivalent API) submits a job to a resource within the grid. This command
is typically passed an RSL string (see below) that specifies parameters and other properties required to successfully

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launch and run the job


27 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Resource Specification Language (RSL)
RSL is a language used by clients to specify the job to be run. All job submission requests are described in an RSL
string that includes information such as the executable file; its parameters; information about redirection of stdin,
stdout, and stderr; and so on. Basically it provides a standard way of specifying all of the information required to
execute a job, independent of the target environment. It is then the responsibility of the job manager on the target

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system to parse the information and launch the job in the appropriate way.
The syntax of RSL is very straightforward. Each statement is enclosed within parenthesis. Comments are
designated with parenthesis and asterisks, for example, (* this is a comment *). Supported attributes include the
following:
rsl_substitution: Defines variables

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executable: The script or command to be run
arguments: Information or flags to be passed to the executable
stdin: Specifies the remote URL and local file used for the executable stdout: Specifies the remote file to place
standard output from the job stderr: Specifies the remote file to place standard error from the job queue: Specifies the
queue to submit the job (requires a scheduler) count: Specifies the number of executions

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directory: Specifies the directory to run the job
project: Specifies a project account for the job (requires a scheduler) dryRun: Verifies the RSL string but
does not run the job
maxMemory: Specifies the maximum amount of memory in MBs required for the job
minMemory: Specifies the minimum amount of memory in MBs required for the job

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hostCount: Specifies the number of nodes in a cluster required for the job environment: Specifies environment
variables that are required for the job
jobType: Specifies the type of job single process, multi-process, mpi, or condor
maxTime: Specifies the maximum execution wall or cpu time for one execution
maxWallTime: Specifies the maximum walltime for one execution maxCpuTime: Specifies the maximum

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cpu time for one execution
gramMyjob: Specifies the whether the gram myjob interface starts one process/thread (independent) or more
(collective)

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28 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to develop Grid Portal was successfully executed.

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29 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid portal and implement it with and
without GRAM concept
Application:
? It is useful and necessary for interfaces for the performance of operations on the Grid. The Grid

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Portal Development Kit (GPDK) facilitates the development of Grid portals and provides several key
reusable components for accessing various Grid services.
? A Grid Portal provides a customizable interface allowing scientists to perform a variety of Grid
operations including remote program submission, file staging, and querying of information services
from a single, secure gateway.

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? The Grid Portal Development Kit leverages off existing Globus/Grid middleware infrastructure as
well as commodity web technology including Java Server Pages and servlets .

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1) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?
2) What are the major goals of OGSA?
3) What are the more specific goals of OGSA?
4) What are the main purposes of use case defined by OGSA?
5) Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?

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6) What are the layers available in OGSA architectural organizations?
7) What are the OGSA basic services?
8) What are the two aspects involved in GRAM?
9) What are the two kinds of lifecycle model associated with state data recovery?
10) What is a GT3 core?

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11) What are the major components of default server side framework?
12) What is Grid container?
13) What are the two levels of security available in GT3?
14) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?
15) What are the two different message-level authentication mechanisms provided by GT3 framework?

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16) What are the most common GT3 security handlers?
Viva-voce


30 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO CLOUD COMPUTING

What is cloud computing?
Cloud computing means that instead of all the computer hardware and software you're using sitting on your

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desktop, or somewhere inside your company's network, it's provided for you as a service by another company and
accessed over the Internet, usually in a completely seamless way. Exactly where the hardware and software is
located and how it all works doesn't matter to you, the user?it's just somewhere up in the nebulous "cloud" that the
Internet represents.
Cloud computing is a buzzword that means different things to different people. For some, it's just another way of

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describing IT (information technology) "outsourcing"; others use it to mean any computing service provided over the
Internet or a similar network; and some define it as any bought-in computer service you use that sits outside your
firewall.
Types of cloud computing
IT people talk about three different kinds of cloud computing, where different services are being provided for you.

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Note that there's a certain amount of vagueness about how these things are defined and some overlap between
them.
? Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) means you're buying access to raw computing hardware over the Net,
such as servers or storage. Since you buy what you need and pay-as-you-go, this is often referred to as
utility computing. Ordinary web hosting is a simple example of IaaS: you pay a monthly subscription or a

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per-megabyte/gigabyte fee to have a hosting company serve up files for your website from their servers.
? Software as a Service (SaaS) means you use a complete application running on someone else's system.
Web-based email and Google Documents are perhaps the best-known examples. Zoho is another well-
known SaaS provider offering a variety of office applications online.
? Platform as a Service (PaaS) means you develop applications using Web-based tools so they run on

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systems software and hardware provided by another company. So, for example, you might develop your
own ecommerce website but have the whole thing, including the shopping cart, checkout, and payment
mechanism running on a merchant's server. App Cloud (from salesforce.com) and the Google App Engine
are examples of PaaS.
Advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing

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Advantages
The pros of cloud computing are obvious and compelling. If your business is selling books or repairing shoes,
why get involved in the nitty gritty of buying and maintaining a complex computer system? If you run an insurance
office, do you really want your sales agents wasting time running anti-virus software, upgrading word-processors, or
worrying about hard-drive crashes? Do you really want them cluttering your expensive computers with their personal

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31 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

emails, illegally shared MP3 files, and naughty YouTube videos?when you could leave that responsibility to

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someone else? Cloud computing allows you to buy in only the services you want, when you want them, cutting the
upfront capital costs of computers and peripherals. You avoid equipment going out of date and other familiar IT
problems like ensuring system security and reliability. You can add extra services (or take them away) at a moment's
notice as your business needs change. It's really quick and easy to add new applications or services to your
business without waiting weeks or months for the new computer (and its software) to arrive.

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Drawbacks
Instant convenience comes at a price. Instead of purchasing computers and software, cloud computing means you
buy services, so one-off, upfront capital costs become ongoing operating costs instead. That might work out much
more expensive in the long-term.
If you're using software as a service (for example, writing a report using an online word processor or sending emails

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through webmail), you need a reliable, high-speed, broadband Internet connection functioning the whole time you're
working. That's something we take for granted in countries such as the United States, but it's much more of an issue
in developing countries or rural areas where broadband is unavailable.
An Introduction to Cloud Computing with OpenNebula
An OpenNebula Private Cloud provides infrastructure users with an elastic platform for fast delivery and scalability of

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services to meet dynamic demands of service end-users. Services are hosted in VMs, and then submitted,
monitored and controlled in the Cloud by using Sunstone or any of the OpenNebula interfaces:
? Command Line Interface (CLI)
? XML-RPC API
? OpenNebulaRuby and Java Cloud APIs

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The aim of a Private Cloud is not to expose to the world a cloud interface to sell capacity over the Internet, but to
provide local cloud users and administrators with a flexible and agile private infrastructure to run virtualized service
workloads within the administrative domain. OpenNebula virtual infrastructure interfaces expose user and
administrator functionality for virtualization, networking, image and physical resource configuration, management,
monitoring and accounting.

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32 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


Expt.No.1: FIND PROCEDURE TO RUN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE OF

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DIFFERENT CONFIGURATION. CHECK HOW MANY VIRTUAL
MACHINES CAN BE UTILIZED AT PARTICULAR TIME.

Aim:
To Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be

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utilized at particular time
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:

Creating Virtual Machines
In OpenNebula the Virtual Machines are defined with Template files. The Template Repository system allows
OpenNebula administrators and users to register Virtual Machine definitions in the system, to be instantiated later as

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Virtual Machine instances. These Templates can be instantiated several times, and also shared with other users.
Virtual Machine Model
A Virtual Machine within the OpenNebula system consists of:
? A capacity in terms memory and CPU
? A set of NICs attached to one or more virtual networks

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? A set of disk images
? A state file (optional) or recovery file, that contains the memory image of a running VM plus some hypervisor
specific information.
The above items, plus some additional VM attributes like the OS kernel and context information to be used inside the
VM, are specified in a template file.

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Defining a VM in 3 Steps
Virtual Machines are defined in an OpenNebula Template. Templates are stored in a repository to easily browse and
instantiate VMs from them. To create a new Template you have to define 3 things

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33 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

? Capacity & Name, how big will the VM be?
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
NAME Name that the VM will get for description purposes. Yes one-

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MEMORY Amount of RAM required for the VM, in Megabytes. Yes
CPU CPU ratio (e..g half a physical CPU is 0.5). Yes
VCPU Number of virtual cpus. No 1
Disks. Each disk is defined with a DISK attribute. A VM can use three types of disk:
? Use a persistent Image changes to the disk image will persist after the VM is shutdown.

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? Use a non-persistent Image images are cloned, changes to the image will be lost.
? Volatile disks are created on the fly on the target host. After the VM is shutdown the disk is disposed.

Persistent and Clone Disks
Attribute Description Mandatory Default

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IMAGE_ID and IMAGE The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes
IMAGE_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No self
IMAGE_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No self
Volatile
Attribute Description Mandatory Default

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TYPE
Type of the disk: swap, fs. swap type will set the label to swap so it is
easier to mount and the context packages will automatically mount it.
Yes
SIZE size in MB Yes

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FORMAT
filesystem for fs images: ext2, ext3, etc. raw will not format the image. For
VMs to run on vmfs or vmwareshared configurations, the valid values are:
Yes

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34 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Attribute Description Mandatory Default
vmdk_thin, vmdk_zeroedthick, vmdk_eagerzeroedthick

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Network Interfaces. Each network interface of a VM is defined with the NIC attribute.
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
NETWORK_ID and NETWORK The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes
NETWORK_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No Self

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NETWORK_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No Self

The following example shows a VM Template file with a couple of disks and a network interface, also a VNC section
was added.
NAME = test-vm

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MEMORY = 128
CPU = 1

DISK = [ IMAGE = "Arch Linux" ]
DISK = [ TYPE = swap,

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SIZE = 1024 ]

NIC = [ NETWORK = "Public", NETWORK_UNAME="oneadmin" ]

GRAPHICS = [

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TYPE = "vnc",
LISTEN = "0.0.0.0"]
Simple templates can be also created using the command line instead of creating a template file. The parameters to
do this for onetemplate are:

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Parameter

Description
--namename Name for the VM
--cpucpu CPU percentage reserved for the VM (1=100% one CPU)

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35 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Parameter

Description
--vcpuvcpu Number of virtualized CPUs
--archarch Architecture of the VM, e.g.: i386 or x86_64

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--memorymemory Memory ammount given to the VM
--diskdisk0,disk1 Disks to attach. To use a disk owned by other user use user[disk]
--nicvnet0,vnet1 Networks to attach. To use a network owned by other user use user[network]
--rawstring
Raw string to add to the template. Not to be confused with the RAW attribute. If you want

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to provide more than one element, just include an enter inside quotes, instead of using
more than one -raw option
--vnc Add VNC server to the VM
--ssh[file]
Add an ssh public key to the context. If the file is omited then the user variable

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SSH_PUBLIC_KEY will be used.
--net_context Add network contextualization parameters
--contextline1,line2 * Lines to add to the context section
--bootdevice Select boot device (hd, fd, cdrom or network)
A similar template as the previous example can be created with the following command:

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$ onetemplate create --name test-vm --memory 128 --cpu 1 --disk "Arch Linux" --nic Public
Managing Virtual Machines
Assuming we have a VM Template registered called vm-example with ID 6, then we can instantiate the VM issuing
a:
$ onetemplate list

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ID USER GROUP NAME REGTIME
6 oneadminoneadminvm_example 09/28 06:44:07

$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm

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36 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

VM ID: 0

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If the template has USER INPUTSdefined the CLI will prompt the user for these values:
$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm

There are some parameters that require user input.

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* (BLOG_TITLE) Blog Title:
* (DB_PASSWORD) Database Password:
VM ID: 0
Afterwards, the VM can be listed with the onevmlist command. You can also use the onevmtop command to list VMs
continuously.

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$ onevm list

ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME
0 oneadminoneadminmy_vm pend 0 0K 00 00:00:03
After a Scheduling cycle, the VM will be automatically deployed. But the deployment can also be forced by oneadmin

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using onevmdeploy:
$ onehost list

ID NAME RVM TCPU FCPU ACPU TMEM FMEM AMEM STAT
2 testbed 0 800 800 800 16G 16G16G on

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$ onevm deploy 0 2

$ onevm list

ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME

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0 oneadminoneadminmy_vmrunn 0 0K testbed 00 00:02:40

$ onevm show 0
VIRTUAL MACHINE 0 INFORMATION
ID :0

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NAME : my_vm
USER : oneadmin
GROUP : oneadmin

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37 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

STATE : ACTIVE
LCM_STATE : RUNNING
START TIME : 04/14 09:00:24

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END TIME : -
DEPLOY ID: : one-0
PERMISSIONS
OWNER : um-
GROUP : ---

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OTHER : ---
VIRTUAL MACHINE MONITORING
NET_TX : 13.05
NET_RX : 0
USED MEMORY : 512

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USED CPU : 0
VIRTUAL MACHINE TEMPLATE
VIRTUAL MACHINE HISTORY

SEQ HOSTNAME REASON START TIME PTIME

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0 testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00
testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00

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38 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to run virtual machines on different configuration was successfully executed & its utilization time is

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checked in various machines.


39 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find procedure to run the virtual machine of different
Configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time

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Applications:
? An advantage of virtualizing the workload?s I/O path enables hardware independence by
abstracting vendor specific drivers to more generalized versions that run on the hypervisor.
? It allows the live migration, which is one of virtualization?s greatest availability strengths
? The sharing of aggregate resources, such as network paths

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1. What is cloud computing?
2. What are the benefits of cloud computing?

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3. What are the different data types used in cloud computing?
4. What are the different layers in cloud computing?
5. What do you mean by software as a service?
6. What is on-demand functionality? How is it provided in cloud computing?
7. What are the platforms used for large scale cloud computing?

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8. What are the different models for deployment in cloud computing?
9. What is the difference between cloud computing and mobile computing?
10. What are the open source cloud computing platform databases?
11. What is the difference between cloud and traditional datacenters?
12. Why API's is used in cloud services?

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13. What are the different datacenters in cloud computing?
14. Define API in data virtualization?
15. List of API in cloud?
Viva-voce

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40 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No.02: FIND PROCEDURE TO ATTACH VIRTUAL BLOCK TO
THE VIRTUAL MACHINE AND CHECK WHETHER IT HOLDS THE

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DATA EVEN AFTER THE RELEASE OF THE VIRTUAL MACHINE.
Aim:
To find a procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even after the
release of the virtual machine

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
VirtualBox uses a special kernel module called vboxdrv to perform physical memory allocation and to gain control of
the processor for guest system execution. Without this kernel module, you can still use the VirtualBox manager to
configure virtual machines, but they will not start. In addition, there are the network kernel modules vboxnetflt and

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vboxnetadp which are required for the more advanced networking features of VirtualBox.
The VirtualBox kernel module is automatically installed on your system when you install VirtualBox. To
maintain it with future kernel updates, for those Linux distributions which provide it -- most current ones -- we
recommend installing Dynamic Kernel Module Support (DKMS). This framework helps with building and upgrading
kernel modules.

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If DKMS is not already installed, execute one of the following:
On an Ubuntu system:
sudo apt-get install dkms
If DKMS is available and installed, the VirtualBox kernel module should always work automatically, and it will be
automatically rebuilt if your host kernel is updated.

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Otherwise, there are only two situations in which you will need to worry about the kernel module:
1. The original installation fails. This probably means that your Linux system is not prepared for building
external kernel modules.

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41 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Most Linux distributions can be set up simply by installing the right packages - normally, these will be the
GNU compiler (GCC), GNU Make (make) and packages containing header files for your kernel - and making
sure that all system updates are installed and that the system is running the most up-to-date kernel included

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in the distribution. The version numbers of the header file packages must be the same as that of the kernel
you are using.
? With Debian and Ubuntu releases, you must install the right version of the linux-headers and if it exists
the linux-kbuild package. Current Ubuntu releases should have the right packages installed by default.
? In even older Debian and Ubuntu releases, you must install the right version of the kernel-headers

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package.
? On Fedora and Redhat systems, the package is kernel-devel.
? On SUSE and openSUSE Linux, you must install the right versions of the kernel-source and kernel-syms
packages.
? If you have built your own kernel, you will need to make sure that you also installed all the required

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header and other files for building external modules to the right locations. The details of how to do
this will depend on how you built your kernel, and if you are unsure you should consult the
documentation which you followed to do so.
2. The kernel of your Linux host was updated and DKMS is not installed. In that case, the kernel module will
need to be reinstalled by executing (as root):

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rcvboxdrv setup
Performing the installation
VirtualBox is available in a number of package formats native to various common Linux distributions. In addition,
there is an alternative generic installer (.run) which should work on most Linux distributions.
Installing VirtualBox from a Debian/Ubuntu package

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First, download the appropriate package for your distribution. The following examples assume that you are installing
to a 32-bit Ubuntu Wily system. Use dpkg to install the Debian package:
sudodpkg -i virtualbox-5.0_5.0.20_Ubuntu_wily_i386.deb
The installer will also try to build kernel modules suitable for the current running kernel. If the build process is not
successful you will be shown a warning and the package will be left unconfigured. Please have a look at /var/log/vbox-

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install.log to find out why the compilation failed. You may have to install the appropriate Linux kernel After correcting
any problems, do


42 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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sudorcvboxdrv setup
This will start a second attempt to build the module.
If a suitable kernel module was found in the package or the module was successfully built, the installation script will
attempt to load that module.

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Once VirtualBox has been successfully installed and configured, you can start it by selecting "VirtualBox" in your
start menu or from the command line.
Using the alternative installer (VirtualBox.run)
The alternative installer performs the following steps:
? It unpacks the application files to the target directory,

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/opt/VirtualBox/
which cannot be changed.
? It builds the VirtualBox kernel modules (vboxdrv, vboxnetflt and vboxnetadp) and installs them.
? It creates /sbin/rcvboxdrv, an init script to start the VirtualBox kernel module.
? It creates a new system group called vboxusers.

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? It creates symbolic links in /usr/bin to the a shell script (/opt/VirtualBox/VBox) which does some sanity checks
and dispatches to the actual executables, VirtualBox, VBoxSDL, VBoxVRDP, VBoxHeadless and VBoxManage
? It creates /etc/udev/rules.d/60-vboxdrv.rules, a description file for udev, if that is present, which makes the USB
devices accessible to all users in the vboxusers group.
? It writes the installation directory to /etc/vbox/vbox.cfg.

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The installer must be executed as root with either install or uninstall as the first parameter.
sudo ./VirtualBox.run install
Or if you do not have the "sudo" command available, run the following as root instead:
./VirtualBox.run install

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43 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

After that you need to put every user which should be able to access USB devices from VirtualBox guests in the
group vboxusers, either through the GUI user management tools or by running the following command as root:

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sudousermod -a -G vboxusers username
Performing a manual installation
If, for any reason, you cannot use the shell script installer described previously, you can also perform a manual
installation. Invoke the installer like this:
./VirtualBox.run --keep --noexec

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This will unpack all the files needed for installation in the directory install under the current directory. The VirtualBox
application files are contained in VirtualBox.tar.bz2 which you can unpack to any directory on your system. For
example:
sudomkdir /opt/VirtualBox
sudo tar jxf ./install/VirtualBox.tar.bz2 -C /opt/VirtualBox

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or as root:
mkdir /opt/VirtualBox
tarjxf ./install/VirtualBox.tar.bz2 -C /opt/VirtualBox
The sources for VirtualBox's kernel module are provided in the src directory. To build the module, change to the
directory and issuemake

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If everything builds correctly, issue the following command to install the module to the appropriate module directory:
sudo make install
In case you do not have sudo, switch the user account to root and performmake install
The VirtualBox kernel module needs a device node to operate. The above make command will tell you how to create
the device node, depending on your Linux system. The procedure is slightly different for a classical Linux setup with

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a /dev directory, a system with the now deprecated devfs and a modern Linux system with udev.
Note that the /dev/vboxdrv kernel module device node must be owned by root:root and must be read/writable only for
the user.Next, you will have to install the system initialization script for the kernel module:
cp /opt/VirtualBox/vboxdrv.sh /sbin/rcvboxdrv
mkdir /etc/vbox

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echo INSTALL_DIR=/opt/VirtualBox> /etc/vbox/vbox.cfg


44 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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and, for convenience, create the following symbolic links:
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VirtualBox
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxManage
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxHeadless
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxSDL

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Sample Output:

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Result:
Thus the program to attach virtual block to virtual machine was successfully executed & checked whether it holds the
data after the release of the virtual machine.

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45 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find a procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual
machine and check whether it holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
Application:

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? To support the Cloud Computing with the Virtual Block Store System. The fast development of cloud
computing systems stimulates the needs for a standalone block storage system to provide persistent
block storage services to virtual machines maintained by clouds.

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1. What is Type-1 and Type-2 hypervisor?
2. What is the use of virsh command?
3. Explain how you can transfer volume from one owner to another in Open Stack?
4. Discuss about KVM Features?

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5. What is Virtual block?
6. What is Virtualization?
7. What are virtual clusters?
8. How virtualization happens in data center?
9. List some of the open source grid middleware packages.

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10. What is a programming model?
11. What is Hadoop?
12. What are map and reduce functions?
13. How to run a job in hadoop?
14. What is HDFS?

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15. What are the open source grid middleware packages?
16. What is peer to peer computing?
17. What are node clusters?
18. How virtual migration happens in data center?
Viva-voce

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46 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No.03: INSTALL A C COMPILER IN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE AND

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EXECUTE A SAMPLE PROGRAM.
Aim:
To Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Create a VM and Install any OS on it.
2.Install a C compiler on OS

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3.Open a Editor and type the sample program and Save.
4.Compile and run the Program
Example:
C programming on Linux based Environement

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1. Open Terminal (Applications-Accessories-Terminal)
2. Open gedit by typing ?gedit&? on terminal(You can also use any other Text Editor application)
3. Type the following on gedit
(or any other text editor)
#include

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main()
{
printf("Hello World\n");
}
Save this file as

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?helloworld. C?
5. Type ?ls? on Terminal to see all files under current folder
6. Confirm that ?helloworld.c? is in the current directory.
If not, type cd DIRECTORY_PATH to go to the
directory that has ?helloworld.c?

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7. Type ?gcchelloworld.c? to compile, and type ?ls? to
confirm that a new executable file ?a.out? is created
8. Type ?./a.out? on Terminal to run the program

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47 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to install a C complier is done and the sample program was executed successfully.

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48 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and
execute a sample program
Application:
The application of installing a C compiler in the virtual machine benefits to have a portable executable, for
each platform.

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1. What is the difference between Xen & KVM ?
2. What are different hypervisors available in Linux ?
3. Which command is used to list all virtual machine running on the KVM hypervisor ?
4. What are the different states of a VM in Xen hypervisor ?

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5. How to forcefully shutdown the KVM based virtual machine from the command line ?
6. What is virtual Machine?
7. What is Compiler?
8. What is Directory?
9. List the C Compilers available?

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10. What is virtualization?
11. List out VM operations
12. What are different hypervisors available in windows?
13. How to implement applications on the cloud to install C compiler?
14. What are grid and cloud tools available?

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15. What is hypervisor?
Viva-voce


49 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No.04: SHOW THE VIRTUAL MACHINE MIGRATION BASED ON
THE CERTAIN CONDITION FROM ONE NODE TO THE OTHER.

Aim:

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To Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other

Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos

Procedure:
1.Update source and target virtual machines to latest package versions
To help ensure that platform images between cloud providers are running the same version of key operating system

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packages, update these packages to the latest versions on both source and target virtual machines.
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
2. Install rsync and screen packages on source and target virtual machines
The migration of application packages and files in this process will use rsync over ssh between source and target

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virtual machines. The actual transfer of files between virtual machines can take some time, so I also recommend
using screen so that you can easily re-attach to an in-progress migration session if you are inadvertently
disconnected.
Ensure that rsync and screen packages are installed on both the source and target virtual machines with these
commands:

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sudo apt-get install rsync
sudo apt-get install screen
3. Add a consistent user account to both source and target virtual machines
To facilitate the migration process, ensure that you have a consistent user account configured on both source and
target virtual machines with sudo enabled. The newly provisioned target virtual machines from Task 3 already

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50 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

include a user named azureuser with sudo enabled. To configure this same user on each source virtual machine,

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use the following commands:
sudogroupadd -g 500 azureuser
sudouseradd -u 500 -g 500 -m -s /bin/bash azureuser
sudopasswdazureuser
4. Start a screen session for the migration

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On the source virtual machine, enter a new screen session for the migration by using the following command:
sudo screen -S AzureMigration
If you are disconnected from the source virtual machine during the migration process, you can reconnect to the
detached screen session by using the following command after signing in again to the source virtual machine:
sudo screen -r

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5. Build an exclusion list of directories and files
During the migration, we want to be careful to skip any files that include configuration information relating to the
identity of the source virtual machines, such as IP addresses, hostnames, ssh keys, etc. For the Ubuntu-based
virtual machines that we migrated, we used the following commands on each source virtual machine to build our
list of directories and files to exclude from the migration process:

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EXCLUDEFILE=/tmp/exclude.file
EXCLUDELIST='/boot /etc/fstab /etc/hostname /etc/issue /etc/hosts
/etc/sudoers /etc/networks /etc/network/* /etc/resolv.conf
/etc/ssh/* /etc/sysctl.conf /etc/mtab /etc/udev/rules.d/*
/lock /net /tmp'

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EXCLUDEPATH=$(echo $EXCLUDELIST | sed 's/\ /\\n/g')
echo -e $EXCLUDEPATH > $EXCLUDEFILE
find / -name '*cloud-init*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE
find / -name '*cloud-config*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE
find / -name '*cloud-final*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE

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51 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

The actual list of directories and files that you exclude may vary from this list, based on the Linux distro version,

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packages and applications that you are migrating.
Credits: Kudos to Kevin Carter who wrote a great article a couple years ago that provided a useful starting point for
building a list of directories and files to consider excluding as part of a Linux-to-Linux migration process!
6. Stop applications during migration
To minimize application data changes from occurring during the migration process, stop the related applications and

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daemons on the source virtual machines. The application that we migrated was a web application built using
Apache2, so we simply stopped the related Apache2 daemon.
sudo service stop apache2
7. Migrate the application files and data
From each source virtual machine, migrate application files and data using two rsync passes over ssh. The first

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pass performs the bulk of the data transfer, whereas the second pass uses checksums to confirm that all files were
transferred successfully.
TARGETVM="insert_target_vm_public_ip_address"
rsync -e "ssh" -rlpEAXogDtSzh -P -x ?exclude-from="$EXCLUDEFILE" ?rsync-path="sudorsync" ?
verbose ?progress / azureuser@$TARGETVM:/

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rsync -e "ssh" -crlpEAXogDtSzh -P -x ?exclude-from="$EXCLUDEFILE" ?rsync-path="sudorsync" ?
verbose ?progress / azureuser@$TARGETVM:/
8. Restart each target virtual machine
After both rsync passes have completed, restart each target virtual machine to complete the migration
process.

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sshazureuser@$TARGETVM
shutdown -r now

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Result:
Thus the program to implement migration of virtual machine was executed successfully.

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53 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to Show the virtual machine migration based on the
certain condition from one node to the other
Application:

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? Its easier to migrate a Virtual Machine from one server to another, than migrating the operating
system and application(s) individually.
? Using Virtual Machine Migration, its possible to migrate operating systems and applications from
older servers to newer servers easily and without disrupting the services.

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1. What are the basic requirements of VM live migration in KVM?
2. Which command is used in KVM for VMs live migration?
3. How to get hardware information of KVM guest machine?
4. What is VM migration?
5. Which type of virtualization is also characteristic of cloud computing ?

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6. Which virtualization standard does the WebSphere Application Server Hypervisor Edition use?
7.Which three tools are included in the IBM Rational Jazz Collaborative Application Lifecycle
Management (C/ALM) solution?
8. What are two ways a public cloud helps customers reduce their IT costs?
9.What functionality is provided by the IBM Security Network Intrusion Prevention System Virtual

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Appliance for a cloud environment?
10. What are two important benefits of using cloud computing?
11. What is the value of IBM Security Information and Event Manager in a cloud provider environment?
12. What is the main purpose of an IBM CloudBurst solution?
Viva-voce

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54 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

EX.NO.5: PROCEDURE TO INSTALL STORAGE CONTROLLER AND

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INTERACT WITH IT.
Aim:
Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it

Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:

To install Storage Control, follow these steps.
Ensure that Systems Director 6.3 is installed and running.
Ensure that you are logged in to Systems Director with a user ID that has administrative privileges.

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Windows only: Restart the DB2 Management server.
a) Go to Start >Administrative Tools >Services.
b) Select DB2 Management Service from the services window and restart it.
If you want to download and install Storage Control, go to step 5. If you want to install Storage Control from read-
only media, such as a CD or mounted .iso image, go to step 8.

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From the Systems Director summary page, click the link Try Storage Control in the upper right corner.
A download page opens. Download the appropriate file for your operating system.
7.Extract the files to the directory where you want to install Storage Control, then go to step 9.
8. Copy the Storage Control installer directory from the CD or the mounted .iso image into a temporary directory
close to the system root. For example, /SCInstall for AIX or Linux and C:\SCInstall for Windows.

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9. Access a command window and navigate to the directory where you extracted the files or where you copied
the installer directory. Run the appropriate script. If you do not want the license agreement to display, use the -
ioption when you run the script. For example, StorageControlInstall.sh -i.
Important: If you are not using IBM DB2 managed by Systems Director, then
the DB2 user ID used must have DB2 Administrator privileges.

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On Microsoft Windows systems, run the script StorageControlInstall.bat.


55 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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On Linux and AIX systems, run the script StorageControlInstall.sh.
10. Restart Systems Director as directed.

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Result:
Thus the program to install storage controller was executed successfully.

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56 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find procedure to install storage controller and
interact with it
Application:
A controller offers a level of abstraction between an operating system and the physical drives. A RAID
controller presents groups to applications and operating systems as logical units for which data protection

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schemes can be defined.

1. What is a snapshot?
2. What is Thick Provision Lazy Zeroed?
3. What is Thick Provision Eager Zeroed?

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4. What is Thin Provision?
5. What is VDI?
6. What is storage vMotion?
7. How many virtual CPUs can I use on a Fault Tolerant virtual machine?
8. What is the use of vmware tools?

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9. What happens if vCenter Server is offline when a failover event occurs?
10. What are the monitoring methods used for vSphere HA?
11. What are the roles of a master host in vSphere HA?
12. What is the hardware version used in VMware ESXi 5.5?
13. What is server virtualization?

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14. What is Network Virtualization?
15. What is template?
Viva-Voce

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57 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


EX.NO.6: PROCEDURE TO SET UP ONE HADOOP CLUSTER

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Aim:
To Find a procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
Follow the steps given below to have Hadoop Multi-Node cluster setup.
Installing Java
Java is the main prerequisite for Hadoop. First of all, you should verify the existence of java in your system using

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?java -version?. The syntax of java version command is given below.
$ java-version
If everything works fine it will give you the following output.
java version "1.7.0_71"
Java(TM) SE RuntimeEnvironment(build 1.7.0_71-b13)

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JavaHotSpot(TM)Client VM (build 25.0-b02, mixed mode)
If java is not installed in your system, then follow the given steps for installing java.
1. Download java (JDK - X64.tar.gz) by visiting the following link
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk7-downloads-1880260.html
Then jdk-7u71-linux-x64.tar.gz will be downloaded into your system.

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2. Generally you will find the downloaded java file in Downloads folder. Verify it and extract the jdk-7u71-linux-
x64.gz file using the following commands.
$ cdDownloads/
$ ls
jdk-7u71-Linux-x64.gz

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$ tar zxf jdk-7u71-Linux-x64.gz
$ ls
jdk1.7.0_71 jdk-7u71-Linux-x64.gz

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58 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

3. To make java available to all the users, you have to move it to the location ?/usr/local/?. Open the root, and type
the following commands.
$ su

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password:
# mv jdk1.7.0_71 /usr/local/
# exit
4. For setting up PATH and JAVA_HOME variables, add the following commands to ~/.bashrc file.
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.7.0_71

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export PATH=PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
Now verify the java -version command from the terminal as explained above. Follow the above process and install
java in all your cluster nodes.
Creating User Account
Create a system user account on both master and slave systems to use the Hadoop installation.

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# useraddhadoop
# passwdhadoop
Mapping the nodes
You have to edit hosts file in /etc/ folder on all nodes, specify the IP address of each system followed by their host
names.

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# vi /etc/hosts
enter the following lines in the /etc/hosts file.
192.168.1.109hadoop-master
192.168.1.145 hadoop-slave-1
192.168.56.1 hadoop-slave-2

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Configuring Key Based Login
Setup ssh in every node such that they can communicate with one another without any prompt for password.
# suhadoop
$ ssh-keygen-t rsa
$ ssh-copy-id-i~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub tutorialspoint@hadoop-master

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$ ssh-copy-id-i~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop_tp1@hadoop-slave-1
$ ssh-copy-id-i~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop_tp2@hadoop-slave-2
$ chmod0600~/.ssh/authorized_keys
$ exit
Installing Hadoop

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In the Master server, download and install Hadoop using the following commands.
# mkdir /opt/hadoop
# cd /opt/hadoop/
# wget http://apache.mesi.com.ar/hadoop/common/hadoop-1.2.1/hadoop-1.2.0.tar.gz
# tar -xzf hadoop-1.2.0.tar.gz

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# mv hadoop-1.2.0 hadoop


59 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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# chown -R hadoop /opt/hadoop
# cd /opt/hadoop/hadoop/
Configuring Hadoop
You have to configure Hadoop server by making the following changes as given below.
core-site.xml

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Open the core-site.xml file and edit it as shown below.


fs.default.name

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hdfs://hadoop-master:9000/


dfs.permissions
false

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hdfs-site.xml
Open the hdfs-site.xml file and edit it as shown below.

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dfs.data.dir
/opt/hadoop/hadoop/dfs/name/data
true

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dfs.name.dir
/opt/hadoop/hadoop/dfs/name
true

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dfs.replication
1

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mapred-site.xml
Open the mapred-site.xml file and edit it as shown below.

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mapred.job.tracker
hadoop-master:9001


hadoop-env.sh

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Open the hadoop-env.sh file and edit JAVA_HOME, HADOOP_CONF_DIR, and HADOOP_OPTS as shown below.
Note: Set the JAVA_HOME as per your system configuration.
export JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk1.7.0_17 export HADOOP_OPTS=-Djava.net.preferIPv4Stack=trueexport
HADOOP_CONF_DIR=/opt/hadoop/hadoop/conf
Installing Hadoop on Slave Servers

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Install Hadoop on all the slave servers by following the given commands.
# suhadoop
$ cd/opt/hadoop
$ scp-r hadoop hadoop-slave-1:/opt/hadoop
$ scp-r hadoop hadoop-slave-2:/opt/hadoop

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Configuring Hadoop on Master Server
Open the master server and configure it by following the given commands.
# suhadoop
$ cd/opt/hadoop/hadoop
Configuring Master Node

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$ vietc/hadoop/masters
hadoop-master
Configuring Slave Node
$ vietc/hadoop/slaves
hadoop-slave-1

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hadoop-slave-2
Format Name Node on Hadoop Master
# suhadoop
$ cd/opt/hadoop/hadoop
$ bin/hadoopnamenode?format

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11/10/1410:58:07 INFO namenode.NameNode:
STARTUP_MSG:/************************************************************
STARTUP_MSG: Starting NameNode
STARTUP_MSG: host = hadoop-master/192.168.1.109
STARTUP_MSG: args = [-format]

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STARTUP_MSG: version = 1.2.0
STARTUP_MSG: build = https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/hadoop/common/branches/branch-1.2 -r 1479473;
compiled by 'hortonfo' on Mon May 6 06:59:37 UTC 2013

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STARTUP_MSG: java = 1.7.0_71 ************************************************************/11/10/1410:58:08 INFO
util.GSet:Computing capacity for map BlocksMapeditlog=/opt/hadoop/hadoop/dfs/name/current/edits
?.

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?.
?.11/10/1410:58:08 INFO common.Storage:Storage directory
/opt/hadoop/hadoop/dfs/name has been successfully formatted.11/10/1410:58:08 INFO namenode.NameNode:
SHUTDOWN_MSG:/************************************************************ SHUTDOWN_MSG: Shutting down
NameNode at hadoop-master/192.168.1.15 ************************************************************/

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Starting Hadoop Services
The following command is to start all the Hadoop services on the Hadoop-Master.
$ cd $HADOOP_HOME/sbin
$ start-all.sh
Adding a New DataNode in the Hadoop Cluster

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Given below are the steps to be followed for adding new nodes to a Hadoop cluster.
Networking
Add new nodes to an existing Hadoop cluster with some appropriate network configuration. Assume the following
network configuration.
For New node Configuration:

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IP address :192.168.1.103
netmask:255.255.255.0
hostname : slave3.in
Adding User and SSH Access
Add a User

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On a new node, add "hadoop" user and set password of Hadoop user to "hadoop123" or anything you want by using
the following commands.
useraddhadoop
passwdhadoop
Setup Password less connectivity from master to new slave.

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Execute the following on the master
mkdir-p $HOME/.ssh
chmod700 $HOME/.ssh
ssh-keygen-t rsa-P ''-f $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa
cat $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys

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chmod644 $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys
Copy the public key to new slave node inhadoop user $HOME directory
scp $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop@192.168.1.103:/home/hadoop/
Execute the following on the slaves
Login to hadoop. If not, login to hadoop user.

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suhadoopssh-X hadoop@192.168.1.103

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Copy the content of public key into file "$HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys" and then change the permission for the
same by executing the following commands.
cd $HOME
mkdir-p $HOME/.ssh
chmod700 $HOME/.ssh

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cat id_rsa.pub >>$HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys
chmod644 $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys
Check ssh login from the master machine. Now check if you can ssh to the new node without a password from the
master.
ssh hadoop@192.168.1.103or hadoop@slave3

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Set Hostname of New Node
You can set hostname in file /etc/sysconfig/network
Onnew slave3 machine
NETWORKING=yes
HOSTNAME=slave3.in

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To make the changes effective, either restart the machine or run hostname command to a new machine with the
respective hostname (restart is a good option).
On slave3 node machine:
hostname slave3.in
Update /etc/hosts on all machines of the cluster with the following lines:

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192.168.1.102 slave3.in slave3
Now try to ping the machine with hostnames to check whether it is resolving to IP or not.
On new node machine:
ping master.in
Start the DataNode on New Node

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Start the datanode daemon manually using $HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoop-daemon.sh script. It will automatically
contact the master (NameNode) and join the cluster. We should also add the new node to the conf/slaves file in the
master server. The script-based commands will recognize the new node.
Login to new node
suhadooporssh-X hadoop@192.168.1.103

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Start HDFS on a newly added slave node by using the following command
./bin/hadoop-daemon.sh start datanode


63 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Check the output of jps command on a new node. It looks as follows.
$ jps
7141DataNode
10312Jps

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Removing a DataNode from the Hadoop Cluster
We can remove a node from a cluster on the fly, while it is running, without any data loss. HDFS provides a
decommissioning feature, which ensures that removing a node is performed safely. To use it, follow the steps as
given below:
1. Login to master

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Login to master machine user where Hadoop is installed.
$ suhadoop
2 Change cluster configuration
An exclude file must be configured before starting the cluster. Add a key named dfs.hosts.exclude to our
$HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml file. The value associated with this key provides the full path to a file

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on the NameNode's local file system which contains a list of machines which are not permitted to connect to HDFS.
For example, add these lines to etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml file.

dfs.hosts.exclude
/home/hadoop/hadoop-1.2.1/hdfs_exclude.txt

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DFS exclude

3. Determine hosts to decommission
Each machine to be decommissioned should be added to the file identified by the hdfs_exclude.txt, one domain

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name per line. This will prevent them from connecting to the NameNode. Content of the "/home/hadoop/hadoop-
1.2.1/hdfs_exclude.txt" file is shown below, if you want to remove DataNode2.slave2.in
4. Force configuration reload
Run the command "$HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoopdfsadmin -refreshNodes" without the quotes.
$ $HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoopdfsadmin-refreshNodes

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This will force the NameNode to re-read its configuration, including the newly updated ?excludes? file. It will
decommission the nodes over a period of time, allowing time for each node's blocks to be replicated onto machines
which are scheduled to remain active.On slave2.in, check the jps command output. After some time, you will see the
DataNode process is shutdown automatically.
5. Shutdown nodes

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After the decommission process has been completed, the decommissioned hardware can be safely shut down for
maintenance. Run the report command to dfsadmin to check the status of decommission. The following command
will describe the status of the decommission node and the connected nodes to the cluster.

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$ $HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoopdfsadmin-report
6. Edit excludes file again
Once the machines have been decommissioned, they can be removed from the ?excludes? file. Running

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"$HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoopdfsadmin -refreshNodes" again will read the excludes file back into the
NameNode; allowing the DataNodes to rejoin the cluster after the maintenance has been completed, or additional
capacity is needed in the cluster again, etc.

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Result:

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Thus the program to install storage controller was executed successfully.


65 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find a procedure to set up the one node Hadoop
cluster

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Application:
Many organisations are required to deal with large data sets. To handle the large data sets these organisations
use hadoop cluster. But they need to set up hadoop cluster with different number of nodes several times.

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1) What is Big Data?
2) What are the four characteristics of Big Data?
3) What are real-time industry applications of Hadoop?
4) What all modes Hadoop can be run in?
5) What are the most common Input Formats in Hadoop?

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6) Define DataNode
7) What are the core methods of a Reducer?
8) What is Job Tracker role in Hadoop?
9) What is the use of RecordReader in Hadoop?
10) What companies use Hadoop, any idea?

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11) Why do we need Hadoop?
12) What is the basic difference between traditional RDBMS and Hadoop?

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Viva-Voce


66 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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EX.NO.07: MOUNT THE ONE NODE HADOOP CLUSTER USING FUSE

Aim:
To Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
Interfaces

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Following are the important interfaces:
? Client<-->ResourceManager
By using YarnClient objects.
? ApplicationMaster<-->ResourceManager
By using AMRMClientAsync objects, handling events asynchronously by

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AMRMClientAsync.CallbackHandler
? ApplicationMaster<-->NodeManager
Launch containers. Communicate with NodeManagers by using NMClientAsync objects, handling container
events by NMClientAsync.CallbackHandler
Writing a Simple Yarn Application

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Writing a simple Client
? The first step that a client needs to do is to initialize and start a YarnClient.
? YarnClientyarnClient = YarnClient.createYarnClient();
? yarnClient.init(conf);

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67 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

? yarnClient.start();
? Once a client is set up, the client needs to create an application, and get its application id.

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? YarnClientApplication app = yarnClient.createApplication();
? GetNewApplicationResponseappResponse = app.getNewApplicationResponse();
? The response from the YarnClientApplication for a new application also contains information about the
cluster such as the minimum/maximum resource capabilities of the cluster. This is required so that to ensure
that you can correctly set the specifications of the container in which the ApplicationMaster would be

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launched. Please refer to GetNewApplicationResponse for more details.
? The main crux of a client is to setup the ApplicationSubmissionContext which defines all the information
needed by the RM to launch the AM. A client needs to set the following into the context:
? Application info: id, name
? Queue, priority info: Queue to which the application will be submitted, the priority to be assigned for the

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application.
? User: The user submitting the application
? ContainerLaunchContext: The information defining the container in which the AM will be launched and run.
The ContainerLaunchContext, as mentioned previously, defines all the required information needed to run
the application such as the local *Resources (binaries, jars, files etc.), Environment settings (CLASSPATH

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etc.), the Command to be executed and security T*okens (RECT).
The ApplicationReport received from the RM consists of the following:
? General application information: Application id, queue to which the application was submitted, user who
submitted the application and the start time for the application.
? ApplicationMaster details: the host on which the AM is running, the rpc port (if any) on which it is

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listening for requests from clients and a token that the client needs to communicate with the AM.


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? Application tracking information: If the application supports some form of progress tracking, it can set a
tracking url which is available via ApplicationReport?sgetTrackingUrl() method that a client can look at to
monitor progress.
? Application status: The state of the application as seen by the ResourceManager is available via
ApplicationReport#getYarnApplicationState. If the YarnApplicationState is set to FINISHED, the client

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should refer to ApplicationReport#getFinalApplicationStatus to check for the actual success/failure of the
application task itself. In case of failures, ApplicationReport#getDiagnostics may be useful to shed some
more light on the the failure.
? If the ApplicationMaster supports it, a client can directly query the AM itself for progress updates via the
host:rpcport information obtained from the application report. It can also use the tracking url obtained

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from the report if available.
? In certain situations, if the application is taking too long or due to other factors, the client may wish to kill
the application. YarnClient supports the killApplication call that allows a client to send a kill signal to the
AM via the ResourceManager. An ApplicationMaster if so designed may also support an abort call via its
rpc layer that a client may be able to leverage.

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? yarnClient.killApplication(appId);
Writing an ApplicationMaster (AM)
? The AM is the actual owner of the job. It will be launched by the RM and via the client will be provided
all the necessary information and resources about the job that it has been tasked with to oversee and
complete.

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? As the AM is launched within a container that may (likely will) be sharing a physical host with other
containers, given the multi-tenancy nature, amongst other issues, it cannot make any assumptions of
things like pre-configured ports that it can listen on.
? When the AM starts up, several parameters are made available to it via the environment. These
include the ContainerId for the AM container, the application submission time and details about the

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FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice


0 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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College o f Engineering
?

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DEPARTMENT OF
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
VII SEMESTER - R 2013

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Name : ______________________________________
Reg. No. : ______________________________________

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Section : ______________________________________
LABORATORY MANUAL


1 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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DHANALAKSHMI


is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and enterprising

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professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and training.


? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic Excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at different levels

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? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart and
soul

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

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To strive for acquiring, applying and imparting knowledge in Computer Science and Engineering through quality
education and to provide enthusiastic professionals with commitment


? To produce highly competent and globally employable engineers in the field of Computer Science and

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Engineering
? To inculcate human values among the student community and make them realize their commitment to the society
? To exhibit excellence in pursuit of research and innovative products with a zeal to serve the society

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VISION
VISION
MISSION
MISSION

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2 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)
1. Fundamentals

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To provide students with a solid foundation in Mathematics, Science and fundamentals of engineering, enabling
them to apply, to find solutions for engineering problems and use this knowledge to acquire higher education
2. Core Competence
To train the students in Computer science and engineering technologies so that they apply their knowledge and
training to compare, and to analyze various engineering industrial problems to find solutions

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3. Breadth
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice this enables them to
find solutions for the real time problems in industry, and to design products
4. Professionalism
To inculcate professional and effective communication skills, leadership qualities and team spirit in the students

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to make them multi-faceted personalities and develop their ability to relate engineering issues to broader social
context
5. Lifelong Learning/Ethics
To demonstrate and practice ethical and professional responsibilities in the industry and society in the large,
through commitment and lifelong learning needed for successful professional career

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4

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PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)
a) To demonstrate and apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Electronics and Communication Engineering field
b) To design a component, a system or a process to meet the specific needs within the realistic constraints

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such as economics, environment, ethics, health, safety and manufacturability
c) To demonstrate the competency to use software tools for computation, simulation and testing of electronics and
communication engineering circuits
d) To identify, formulate and solve electronic and communication engineering problems
e) To demonstrate an ability to visualize and work on laboratory and multidisciplinary tasks

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f) To function as a member or a leader in multidisciplinary activities
g) To communicate in verbal and written form with fellow engineers and society at large
h) To understand the impact of Electronics and Communication Engineering in the society and demonstrate awareness
of contemporary issues and commitment to give solutions exhibiting social responsibility
i) To demonstrate professional & ethical responsibilities

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j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To participate and succeed in competitive exams

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5 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

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SYLLABUS
Learn the working of ARM processor
Understand the Building Blocks of Embedded Systems
Learn the concept of memory map and memory interface
Know the characteristics of Real Time Systems

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Write programs to interface memory, I/Os with processor
Study the interrupt performance
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
GRID COMPUTING LAB
Use Globus Toolkit or equivalent and do the following:

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1. Develop a new Web Service for Calculator.
2. Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service.
3. Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service.
4. Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs
5. Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus Toolkit.

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6. Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it with and without
GRAM concept.

CLOUD COMPUTING LAB
Use Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent to set up the cloud and demonstrate.

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1. Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines
COURSE OBJECTIVES


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can be utilized at particular time.
2. Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even
after the release of the virtual machine.
3. Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program.

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4. Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other.
5. Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it.
6. Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster.
7. Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE.
8. Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it.

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9. Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits.
? Design and implement applications on the Grid.
? Design and Implement applications on the Cloud.
? Design network objects by applying the networking concepts.
? Create virtualization concept.

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? Design web based applications.
? Apply cloud tools for resource allocation.
? Apply grid tools for network translation.
? Design private cloud using open stack.
COURSE OUTCOMES

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7


CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

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CONTENTS
Sl. No. Name of the Experiment Page No.
CYCLE 1 ? EXPERIMENTS ( GRID COMPUTING)
1
Develop a new Web Service for Calculator 7

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2
Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service 16
3
Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service 19
4

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Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs 22
5
Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus
Toolkit
25

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6
Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it
with and without GRAM concept
27
CYCLE 2 ? EXPERIMENTS (CLOUD COMPUTING)

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1
Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how
many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
34
2

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Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it
holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
36
3 Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program 39
4

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Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to
the other
42
5 Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it 45
6 Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster 47

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7 Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE
ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS
1 Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it 52
2 Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks 55

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INTRODUCTION TO GRID COMPUTING


GRID TECHNOLOGY

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? Flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and
resource
? Grid architecture
? Defined using services and protocols

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? Using the ?sand hourglass? model similar to the TCP/IP protocol stack

"A computational grid is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides dependable, consistent, pervasive and
inexpensive access to high-end computational capabilities."
Grid computing makes it possible to dynamically share and coordinate dispersed, heterogeneous computing

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resources. Flexibility and ubiquity are essential characteristics of Web services technologies such as WSDL (Web
Services Description Language), SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), and UDDI (Universal Description,
Discovery, and Integration).
The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) combines technologies to unlock and exploit grid-attached resources.
OGSA defines mechanisms to create, manage, and exchange information between Grid Services, a special type of

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Web service. The architecture uses WSDL extensively to describe the structure and behavior of a service. Service
descriptions are located and discovered using Web Services Inspection Language (WSIL). By combining elements
from grid computing and Web services technologies, OGSA establishes an extensible and interoperable design and
development framework for Grid Services that includes details for service definition, discovery, and life-cycle
management.

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GLOBUS TOOLKIT

The Globus Toolkit provides software tools to make it easier to build computational grids and grid-based
applications. The Globus Toolkit is both an open architecture and open source toolkit.

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? The Globus Toolkit is a product of the Globus Alliance (http://www.globus.org)
? It is middleware for developing grids
? The current release is 6.0.
? Four key protocols and APIs
? Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI)

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? Grid Resource Allocation & Mgmt (GRAM)
? Grid Resource Information Protocol (GRIP) and Index Information Protocol (GIIP)
? Grid File Transfer Protocol (GridFTP)
? Implementations on many platforms
? Resources, security systems, data models,

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? Various collective layer protocols & tools
? Info services, replica management, etc.
? A basis for many Grid-enabled tools & apps
FTP, SSH, Condor, SRB, MPI, EDG, GridPort,
GLOBUS TOOLKIT? COMPONENTS

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? Security
? GSI ? Grid Security Infrastructure
? Resource Management
? GRAM ? Grid Resource Allocation Manager
o globusrun

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o RSL
o gatekeeper
o job manager
o DUROC ? Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator
? Information Services

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? MDS ? Monitoring and Discovery Service


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o GRIS ? Grid Resource Information Service
o GIIS ? Grid Index Information Service
o MDS Client
? Data Management
o GridFTP, GASS

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The Globus Toolkit latest version 6.0 includes:
GSI: security
GridFTP: file transfer
GRAM: job execution/resource management
MyProxy: credential repository/certificate authority

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GSI-OpenSSH: GSI secure single sign-on remote shell


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GLOBUS TOOLKIT INSTALLATION PROCEDURE
Step1: For installing Globus Toolkit nothing more easy than download the latest package:
http://toolkit.globus.org/ftppub/gt6/installers/repo/globus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
sudodpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Step2: Update the repositories: sudo apt-get update

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Step3: To install Debian or Ubuntu package, download the globus-toolkit-repo package
from the link above and install it with the command:
root@sysa63:/home/#dpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Do the following for Debian-based systems:
root@sysa63:/home/#apt-get install globus-data-management-client

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12 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 01: DEVELOP A NEW WEB SERVICE FOR CALCULATOR

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Aim:
Develop a Web Service for new Calculator
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Our first web service is an extremely simple Math Web Service, which we'll refer to asMathService. It will
2. allow users to perform the following operations:

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a. Addition
b. Subtraction
3. Furthermore, MathService will have the following resource properties (RPs for short):
a. Value (integer)
b. Last operation performed (string)

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4. We will also add a "Get Value" operation to access the Value RP. Once a new resource is created, the
"value" RP is initialized to zero, and the "last operation" RP is initialized to "NONE". The parameter is
added/subtracted to the "value" RP, and the "last operation" RP is changed to "ADDITION" or
"SUBTRACTION" accordingly. Also, the addition and subtraction operations don't return anything.
5. Writing and deploying a WSRF Web Service is easier than you might think. You just have to follow five

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simple steps.
6. Define the service's interface. This is done with WSDL
7. Implement the service. This is done with Java.
8. Define the deployment parameters. This is done with WSDD and JNDI
9. Compile everything and generate a GAR file. This is done with Ant

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10. Deploy service. This is also done with a GT4 tool

Sample Code:

_instance"

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xmlns ="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"
xmlns:tns="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/examples/core/MathService_instance"
xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsrp="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-
ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.xsd" xmlns:wsrpw="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-

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13 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.wsdl"
xmlns:wsdlpp="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/2004/10/WSDLPreprocessor"

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xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">

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Result:

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Thus the program for developing web service for new calculator was successfully executed.



14 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid by using Web Service for new Calculator

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Applications:
To make a calculator in Windows application using web service


1) What is Web Service?

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2) What are the advantages of web services?
3) What are the different types of web services?
4) What is SOAP?
5) What are the advantages of SOAP web services?
6) What are the disadvantages of SOAP web services?

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7) What is WSDL?
8) What is UDDI?
9) What are RESTful web services?
10) What are the advantages of RESTful web services?
11) What is the difference between SOAP and REST web services?

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12) What is SOA service architecture?
13) What tools are used to deploy web services?
14) What is Web Service architecture?
15) What are the advantages of web services in globus toolkit?
16) What are the different types of web services?

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17) What is SOAP web services?
18) What is UDP and TCP?
19) What is stateless SOA?
20) What is data balancing in WSDL?
Viva-voce

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15 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 02: DEVELOP NEW OGSA-COMPLIANT WEB SERVICE

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Aim:
To develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid Service using .NET language.
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

1. Developed by the Global Grid Forum

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2. Aims to define a common, standard, open architecture for Grid Applications.
3. Defines a set of rules that make up a grid service.
4. Sharing and Coordinated use of diverse resources in Dynamic VO's

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Result:
Thus the program for developing OGSA- Complaint web service was successfully executed.

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16 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid
Service using .NET language
Applications:
? Sharing of information among diverse components of large heterogenous grid systems
? WAN

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1. How would you decide what style of Web Service to use? SOAP WS or REST?
2. Does the service expose data or business logic?

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3. Do consumers and the service providers require a formal contract?
4. Do we need to support multiple data formats?
5. Do we need to make AJAX calls?
6. Is the call synchronous or asynchronous?
7. What level of security is required?

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8. What level of transaction support is required?
9. Do we have limited band width?
10. What tools do you use to test your Web Services?
11. What is the difference between SOA and a Web service?
12. What is a microservice architecture (aka MSA)?

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13. What is data integrity?
14. What is cloud infrastructure?


Viva-voce

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17 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 03: USING APACHE AXIS DEVELOP A GRID SERVICE

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Aim:
To develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Creating the New Level in the Package
2. Edit the Configuration Files

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3. Modify the Service Code
4. Modify the Client
5. Compile and Deploy
6. Starting the Container
7. Compile the Client

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8. Run the Client

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18 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:
Addition was successful
Subtraction was successful

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Multiplication was successful
Division was successful
Current value: 20.

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Result:
Thus the program for Grid Service using Apache Axis was successfully executed.

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19 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Applications:
? To create web service in Java

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? To work with Globus Tool kit standards web service


1. What are the different application integration styles?
2. What is Grid Computing?

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3. What is QOS?
4. What are the derivatives of grid computing?
5. What are the features of data grids?
6. What is load balancing?
7. What is grid infrastructure?

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8. Define ? Distributed Computing.
9. Define ? OSGI.
10. Define ? OSGA.
11. What is the use of API?s in cloud services?
12. What is the difference between cloud and grid?

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13. What is data communication?
14. What are the elements of data communication?

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Viva-voce

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20 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 04: DEVELOP APPLICATIONS USING JAVA OR C/C++ GRID
APIS
Aim:

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To develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
1. Import all the necessary java packages and name the file as GridLayoutDemo.java
2. Set up components to preferred size
3. Add buttons to experiment with Grid Layout
4. Add controls to set up horizontal and vertical gaps

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5. Process the Apply gaps button press
6. Create the GUI
7. Create and set up the window,Set up the content pane and Display the Window
8. Schedule a job for the event dispatch thread
9. Show the application's GUI

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Sample Output:

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Figure 1: Horizontal, Left-to-Right Figure 2: Horizontal, Right-to-Left

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Result:
Thus the program to develop an application in java using Grid APIs was successfully executed.

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22 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Applications:
Used for defining a application programme interface for common distributes computing functionality

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1) Describe the two most important advantages of using Distributed/Grid Computing.
2) What is the main function of DNS?
3) Briefly outline two applications of Public Key systems.

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4) Provide one major difference between synchronous and asynchronous communication.
5) Provide one major difference between ASCII and Unicode encodings.
6) Provide two major differences between sequential computing and parallel computing.
7) Write the any three Grid Applications.
8) Give the examples of Hardware service provider.

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9) Give the example of software application ASP.
10) What are grid portals? Give example.
11) What are the high level services including in existing globus tool kit?
12) Name the components available in Nimrod architecture?
13) What are the major objectives of Euro grid project?

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14) What is the application specific work packages identified for the Euro grid?
15) Define dynamic accounting system.

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Viva-voce


23 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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EX.NO. 05: DEVELOP SECURED APPLICATIONS USING BASIC
SECURITY MECHANISMS AVAILABLE IN GLOBUS TOOLKIT.
Aim:
To develop a secured applications using a basic security mechanisms available in Globus toolkit

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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The Globus Toolkit incorporates multiple security components that establish the identity of users or services
(authentication), protect communications, and determine who is allowed to perform what actions (authorization), as
well as manage user credentials.
? GSI C: The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and
certificate management.

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? MyProxy: MyProxy is open source software for managing X.509 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) security
credentials (certificates and private keys).
? GSI-OpenSSH: GSI-OpenSSH is a modified version of OpenSSH that adds support for X.509 proxy
certificate authentication and delegation, providing a single sign-on remote login and file transfer service.
The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and certificate

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management. The authentication API is built using Public KeyInfrastructure (PKI) technologies, e.g. X.509
Certificates and TLS. In addition to authentication it features a delegation mechanism based upon X.509 Proxy
Certificates. Authorization support takes the form of a couple of APIs. The first provides a generic authorization API
that allows callouts to perform access control based on the client's credentials (i.e. the X.509 certificate chain). The
second provides a simple access control list that maps authorized remote entities to local (system) user names. The

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second mechanism also provides callouts that allow third parties to override the default behavior and is currently
used in the Gatekeeper and GridFTP servers. In addition to the above there are various lower level APIs and tools
for managing, discovering and querying certificates.
Components for Grid Security
1. Basic Security Mechanisms

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2. Components for Credential Generation
3. Components for Credential Management


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Beyond verifying the identities of users and services, basic Grid security mechanisms leave access control decisions
to services. The Grid community has developed authorization and access control tools for storing and providing
access to system-wide authorization information and for creating a central data store for supporting decentralized
control mechanisms.

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Basic Security Mechanisms
? Pre-Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A non-Web services implementation of the Grid
Security Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI
mechanisms
? Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A Web services implementation of the Grid Security

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Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI mechanisms

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Result:
Thus the program to develop a security application available in Globus toolkit was successfully executed.
Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a secured applications using a basic security
mechanisms available in Globus toolkit

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Applications:
To provide easy acces to best breed open source network security

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1. What are the collective services available in grid computing?
2. What are the basic principles of autonomous computing?
3. What are the four essential characteristics of on demand business?

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4. What are the essential capabilities provided by on demand business?
5. What are the two most important technologies for building semantic webs?
6. Define Peer to Peer computing?
7. What is the combination of Globus GT3 toolkit?
8. What is a GT3 core?

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9. What are the components available in service model?
10. Define WS-Trust
11. Define WS ?Federation
12. Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
13. Who are the actors in CDC?

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14. Mention the scenarios in CDC?
15. What are the functional requirements of CDC on OGSA?

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Viva-voce


26 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 06: DEVELOP A GRID PORTAL, WHERE USER CAN SUBMIT
A JOB AND GET THE RESULT, IMPLEMENT IT WITH AND WITHOUT
GRAM CONCEPT.
Aim:

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To develop a Grid portal and implement it with and without GRAM concept
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
Multiple times that the likely user interface to grid applications will be through portals, specifically Web portals. A grid
portal may be constructed as a Web page interface to provide easy access to grid applications. The Web user
interface provides user authentication, job submission, job monitoring, and results of the job.

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Globus Resource Allocation Manager (GRAM)
When a job is submitted by a client, the request is sent to the remote host and handled by a gatekeeper daemon.
The gatekeeper creates a job manager to start and monitor the job. When the job is finished, the job manager
sends the status information back to the client and terminates.
The GRAM subsystem consists of the following elements:

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? The globusrun command and associated APIs Resource Specification Language (RSL)
? The gatekeeper daemon The job manager Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator (DUROC)
Each of these elements are described briefly below.
The globusrun command
The globusrun command (or its equivalent API) submits a job to a resource within the grid. This command

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is typically passed an RSL string (see below) that specifies parameters and other properties required to successfully
launch and run the job


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Resource Specification Language (RSL)
RSL is a language used by clients to specify the job to be run. All job submission requests are described in an RSL
string that includes information such as the executable file; its parameters; information about redirection of stdin,
stdout, and stderr; and so on. Basically it provides a standard way of specifying all of the information required to

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execute a job, independent of the target environment. It is then the responsibility of the job manager on the target
system to parse the information and launch the job in the appropriate way.
The syntax of RSL is very straightforward. Each statement is enclosed within parenthesis. Comments are
designated with parenthesis and asterisks, for example, (* this is a comment *). Supported attributes include the
following:

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rsl_substitution: Defines variables
executable: The script or command to be run
arguments: Information or flags to be passed to the executable
stdin: Specifies the remote URL and local file used for the executable stdout: Specifies the remote file to place
standard output from the job stderr: Specifies the remote file to place standard error from the job queue: Specifies the

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queue to submit the job (requires a scheduler) count: Specifies the number of executions
directory: Specifies the directory to run the job
project: Specifies a project account for the job (requires a scheduler) dryRun: Verifies the RSL string but
does not run the job
maxMemory: Specifies the maximum amount of memory in MBs required for the job

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minMemory: Specifies the minimum amount of memory in MBs required for the job
hostCount: Specifies the number of nodes in a cluster required for the job environment: Specifies environment
variables that are required for the job
jobType: Specifies the type of job single process, multi-process, mpi, or condor
maxTime: Specifies the maximum execution wall or cpu time for one execution

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maxWallTime: Specifies the maximum walltime for one execution maxCpuTime: Specifies the maximum
cpu time for one execution
gramMyjob: Specifies the whether the gram myjob interface starts one process/thread (independent) or more
(collective)

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Result:
Thus the program to develop Grid Portal was successfully executed.

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29 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid portal and implement it with and
without GRAM concept
Application:

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? It is useful and necessary for interfaces for the performance of operations on the Grid. The Grid
Portal Development Kit (GPDK) facilitates the development of Grid portals and provides several key
reusable components for accessing various Grid services.
? A Grid Portal provides a customizable interface allowing scientists to perform a variety of Grid
operations including remote program submission, file staging, and querying of information services

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from a single, secure gateway.
? The Grid Portal Development Kit leverages off existing Globus/Grid middleware infrastructure as
well as commodity web technology including Java Server Pages and servlets .

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1) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?
2) What are the major goals of OGSA?
3) What are the more specific goals of OGSA?
4) What are the main purposes of use case defined by OGSA?

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5) Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
6) What are the layers available in OGSA architectural organizations?
7) What are the OGSA basic services?
8) What are the two aspects involved in GRAM?
9) What are the two kinds of lifecycle model associated with state data recovery?

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10) What is a GT3 core?
11) What are the major components of default server side framework?
12) What is Grid container?
13) What are the two levels of security available in GT3?
14) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?

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15) What are the two different message-level authentication mechanisms provided by GT3 framework?
16) What are the most common GT3 security handlers?
Viva-voce

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30 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

INTRODUCTION TO CLOUD COMPUTING

What is cloud computing?

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Cloud computing means that instead of all the computer hardware and software you're using sitting on your
desktop, or somewhere inside your company's network, it's provided for you as a service by another company and
accessed over the Internet, usually in a completely seamless way. Exactly where the hardware and software is
located and how it all works doesn't matter to you, the user?it's just somewhere up in the nebulous "cloud" that the
Internet represents.

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Cloud computing is a buzzword that means different things to different people. For some, it's just another way of
describing IT (information technology) "outsourcing"; others use it to mean any computing service provided over the
Internet or a similar network; and some define it as any bought-in computer service you use that sits outside your
firewall.
Types of cloud computing

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IT people talk about three different kinds of cloud computing, where different services are being provided for you.
Note that there's a certain amount of vagueness about how these things are defined and some overlap between
them.
? Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) means you're buying access to raw computing hardware over the Net,
such as servers or storage. Since you buy what you need and pay-as-you-go, this is often referred to as

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utility computing. Ordinary web hosting is a simple example of IaaS: you pay a monthly subscription or a
per-megabyte/gigabyte fee to have a hosting company serve up files for your website from their servers.
? Software as a Service (SaaS) means you use a complete application running on someone else's system.
Web-based email and Google Documents are perhaps the best-known examples. Zoho is another well-
known SaaS provider offering a variety of office applications online.

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? Platform as a Service (PaaS) means you develop applications using Web-based tools so they run on
systems software and hardware provided by another company. So, for example, you might develop your
own ecommerce website but have the whole thing, including the shopping cart, checkout, and payment
mechanism running on a merchant's server. App Cloud (from salesforce.com) and the Google App Engine
are examples of PaaS.

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Advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing
Advantages
The pros of cloud computing are obvious and compelling. If your business is selling books or repairing shoes,
why get involved in the nitty gritty of buying and maintaining a complex computer system? If you run an insurance
office, do you really want your sales agents wasting time running anti-virus software, upgrading word-processors, or

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worrying about hard-drive crashes? Do you really want them cluttering your expensive computers with their personal


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emails, illegally shared MP3 files, and naughty YouTube videos?when you could leave that responsibility to
someone else? Cloud computing allows you to buy in only the services you want, when you want them, cutting the
upfront capital costs of computers and peripherals. You avoid equipment going out of date and other familiar IT
problems like ensuring system security and reliability. You can add extra services (or take them away) at a moment's
notice as your business needs change. It's really quick and easy to add new applications or services to your

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business without waiting weeks or months for the new computer (and its software) to arrive.
Drawbacks
Instant convenience comes at a price. Instead of purchasing computers and software, cloud computing means you
buy services, so one-off, upfront capital costs become ongoing operating costs instead. That might work out much
more expensive in the long-term.

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If you're using software as a service (for example, writing a report using an online word processor or sending emails
through webmail), you need a reliable, high-speed, broadband Internet connection functioning the whole time you're
working. That's something we take for granted in countries such as the United States, but it's much more of an issue
in developing countries or rural areas where broadband is unavailable.
An Introduction to Cloud Computing with OpenNebula

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An OpenNebula Private Cloud provides infrastructure users with an elastic platform for fast delivery and scalability of
services to meet dynamic demands of service end-users. Services are hosted in VMs, and then submitted,
monitored and controlled in the Cloud by using Sunstone or any of the OpenNebula interfaces:
? Command Line Interface (CLI)
? XML-RPC API

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? OpenNebulaRuby and Java Cloud APIs
The aim of a Private Cloud is not to expose to the world a cloud interface to sell capacity over the Internet, but to
provide local cloud users and administrators with a flexible and agile private infrastructure to run virtualized service
workloads within the administrative domain. OpenNebula virtual infrastructure interfaces expose user and
administrator functionality for virtualization, networking, image and physical resource configuration, management,

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monitoring and accounting.

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Expt.No.1: FIND PROCEDURE TO RUN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE OF
DIFFERENT CONFIGURATION. CHECK HOW MANY VIRTUAL
MACHINES CAN BE UTILIZED AT PARTICULAR TIME.

Aim:

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To Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be
utilized at particular time
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

Creating Virtual Machines
In OpenNebula the Virtual Machines are defined with Template files. The Template Repository system allows

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OpenNebula administrators and users to register Virtual Machine definitions in the system, to be instantiated later as
Virtual Machine instances. These Templates can be instantiated several times, and also shared with other users.
Virtual Machine Model
A Virtual Machine within the OpenNebula system consists of:
? A capacity in terms memory and CPU

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? A set of NICs attached to one or more virtual networks
? A set of disk images
? A state file (optional) or recovery file, that contains the memory image of a running VM plus some hypervisor
specific information.
The above items, plus some additional VM attributes like the OS kernel and context information to be used inside the

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VM, are specified in a template file.
Defining a VM in 3 Steps
Virtual Machines are defined in an OpenNebula Template. Templates are stored in a repository to easily browse and
instantiate VMs from them. To create a new Template you have to define 3 things

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33 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

? Capacity & Name, how big will the VM be?
Attribute Description Mandatory Default

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NAME Name that the VM will get for description purposes. Yes one-
MEMORY Amount of RAM required for the VM, in Megabytes. Yes
CPU CPU ratio (e..g half a physical CPU is 0.5). Yes
VCPU Number of virtual cpus. No 1
Disks. Each disk is defined with a DISK attribute. A VM can use three types of disk:

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? Use a persistent Image changes to the disk image will persist after the VM is shutdown.
? Use a non-persistent Image images are cloned, changes to the image will be lost.
? Volatile disks are created on the fly on the target host. After the VM is shutdown the disk is disposed.

Persistent and Clone Disks

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Attribute Description Mandatory Default
IMAGE_ID and IMAGE The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes
IMAGE_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No self
IMAGE_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No self
Volatile

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Attribute Description Mandatory Default
TYPE
Type of the disk: swap, fs. swap type will set the label to swap so it is
easier to mount and the context packages will automatically mount it.
Yes

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SIZE size in MB Yes
FORMAT
filesystem for fs images: ext2, ext3, etc. raw will not format the image. For
VMs to run on vmfs or vmwareshared configurations, the valid values are:
Yes

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Attribute Description Mandatory Default

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vmdk_thin, vmdk_zeroedthick, vmdk_eagerzeroedthick

Network Interfaces. Each network interface of a VM is defined with the NIC attribute.
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
NETWORK_ID and NETWORK The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes

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NETWORK_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No Self
NETWORK_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No Self

The following example shows a VM Template file with a couple of disks and a network interface, also a VNC section
was added.

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NAME = test-vm
MEMORY = 128
CPU = 1

DISK = [ IMAGE = "Arch Linux" ]

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DISK = [ TYPE = swap,
SIZE = 1024 ]

NIC = [ NETWORK = "Public", NETWORK_UNAME="oneadmin" ]

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GRAPHICS = [
TYPE = "vnc",
LISTEN = "0.0.0.0"]
Simple templates can be also created using the command line instead of creating a template file. The parameters to
do this for onetemplate are:

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Parameter

Description
--namename Name for the VM

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--cpucpu CPU percentage reserved for the VM (1=100% one CPU)


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Parameter

Description
--vcpuvcpu Number of virtualized CPUs

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--archarch Architecture of the VM, e.g.: i386 or x86_64
--memorymemory Memory ammount given to the VM
--diskdisk0,disk1 Disks to attach. To use a disk owned by other user use user[disk]
--nicvnet0,vnet1 Networks to attach. To use a network owned by other user use user[network]
--rawstring

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Raw string to add to the template. Not to be confused with the RAW attribute. If you want
to provide more than one element, just include an enter inside quotes, instead of using
more than one -raw option
--vnc Add VNC server to the VM
--ssh[file]

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Add an ssh public key to the context. If the file is omited then the user variable
SSH_PUBLIC_KEY will be used.
--net_context Add network contextualization parameters
--contextline1,line2 * Lines to add to the context section
--bootdevice Select boot device (hd, fd, cdrom or network)

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A similar template as the previous example can be created with the following command:
$ onetemplate create --name test-vm --memory 128 --cpu 1 --disk "Arch Linux" --nic Public
Managing Virtual Machines
Assuming we have a VM Template registered called vm-example with ID 6, then we can instantiate the VM issuing
a:

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$ onetemplate list

ID USER GROUP NAME REGTIME
6 oneadminoneadminvm_example 09/28 06:44:07

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$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm


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VM ID: 0
If the template has USER INPUTSdefined the CLI will prompt the user for these values:
$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm

There are some parameters that require user input.

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* (BLOG_TITLE) Blog Title:
* (DB_PASSWORD) Database Password:
VM ID: 0
Afterwards, the VM can be listed with the onevmlist command. You can also use the onevmtop command to list VMs

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continuously.
$ onevm list

ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME
0 oneadminoneadminmy_vm pend 0 0K 00 00:00:03

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After a Scheduling cycle, the VM will be automatically deployed. But the deployment can also be forced by oneadmin
using onevmdeploy:
$ onehost list

ID NAME RVM TCPU FCPU ACPU TMEM FMEM AMEM STAT

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2 testbed 0 800 800 800 16G 16G16G on
$ onevm deploy 0 2

$ onevm list

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ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME
0 oneadminoneadminmy_vmrunn 0 0K testbed 00 00:02:40

$ onevm show 0
VIRTUAL MACHINE 0 INFORMATION

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ID :0
NAME : my_vm
USER : oneadmin
GROUP : oneadmin

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STATE : ACTIVE
LCM_STATE : RUNNING

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START TIME : 04/14 09:00:24
END TIME : -
DEPLOY ID: : one-0
PERMISSIONS
OWNER : um-

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GROUP : ---
OTHER : ---
VIRTUAL MACHINE MONITORING
NET_TX : 13.05
NET_RX : 0

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USED MEMORY : 512
USED CPU : 0
VIRTUAL MACHINE TEMPLATE
VIRTUAL MACHINE HISTORY

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SEQ HOSTNAME REASON START TIME PTIME

0 testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00
testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00

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38 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:

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Thus the program to run virtual machines on different configuration was successfully executed & its utilization time is
checked in various machines.


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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find procedure to run the virtual machine of different

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Configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
Applications:
? An advantage of virtualizing the workload?s I/O path enables hardware independence by
abstracting vendor specific drivers to more generalized versions that run on the hypervisor.
? It allows the live migration, which is one of virtualization?s greatest availability strengths

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? The sharing of aggregate resources, such as network paths



1. What is cloud computing?

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2. What are the benefits of cloud computing?
3. What are the different data types used in cloud computing?
4. What are the different layers in cloud computing?
5. What do you mean by software as a service?
6. What is on-demand functionality? How is it provided in cloud computing?

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7. What are the platforms used for large scale cloud computing?
8. What are the different models for deployment in cloud computing?
9. What is the difference between cloud computing and mobile computing?
10. What are the open source cloud computing platform databases?
11. What is the difference between cloud and traditional datacenters?

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12. Why API's is used in cloud services?
13. What are the different datacenters in cloud computing?
14. Define API in data virtualization?
15. List of API in cloud?
Viva-voce

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40 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No.02: FIND PROCEDURE TO ATTACH VIRTUAL BLOCK TO

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THE VIRTUAL MACHINE AND CHECK WHETHER IT HOLDS THE
DATA EVEN AFTER THE RELEASE OF THE VIRTUAL MACHINE.
Aim:
To find a procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even after the
release of the virtual machine

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos

Procedure:
VirtualBox uses a special kernel module called vboxdrv to perform physical memory allocation and to gain control of
the processor for guest system execution. Without this kernel module, you can still use the VirtualBox manager to

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configure virtual machines, but they will not start. In addition, there are the network kernel modules vboxnetflt and
vboxnetadp which are required for the more advanced networking features of VirtualBox.
The VirtualBox kernel module is automatically installed on your system when you install VirtualBox. To
maintain it with future kernel updates, for those Linux distributions which provide it -- most current ones -- we
recommend installing Dynamic Kernel Module Support (DKMS). This framework helps with building and upgrading

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kernel modules.
If DKMS is not already installed, execute one of the following:
On an Ubuntu system:
sudo apt-get install dkms
If DKMS is available and installed, the VirtualBox kernel module should always work automatically, and it will be

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automatically rebuilt if your host kernel is updated.
Otherwise, there are only two situations in which you will need to worry about the kernel module:
1. The original installation fails. This probably means that your Linux system is not prepared for building
external kernel modules.

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41 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Most Linux distributions can be set up simply by installing the right packages - normally, these will be the
GNU compiler (GCC), GNU Make (make) and packages containing header files for your kernel - and making

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sure that all system updates are installed and that the system is running the most up-to-date kernel included
in the distribution. The version numbers of the header file packages must be the same as that of the kernel
you are using.
? With Debian and Ubuntu releases, you must install the right version of the linux-headers and if it exists
the linux-kbuild package. Current Ubuntu releases should have the right packages installed by default.

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? In even older Debian and Ubuntu releases, you must install the right version of the kernel-headers
package.
? On Fedora and Redhat systems, the package is kernel-devel.
? On SUSE and openSUSE Linux, you must install the right versions of the kernel-source and kernel-syms
packages.

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? If you have built your own kernel, you will need to make sure that you also installed all the required
header and other files for building external modules to the right locations. The details of how to do
this will depend on how you built your kernel, and if you are unsure you should consult the
documentation which you followed to do so.
2. The kernel of your Linux host was updated and DKMS is not installed. In that case, the kernel module will

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need to be reinstalled by executing (as root):
rcvboxdrv setup
Performing the installation
VirtualBox is available in a number of package formats native to various common Linux distributions. In addition,
there is an alternative generic installer (.run) which should work on most Linux distributions.

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Installing VirtualBox from a Debian/Ubuntu package
First, download the appropriate package for your distribution. The following examples assume that you are installing
to a 32-bit Ubuntu Wily system. Use dpkg to install the Debian package:
sudodpkg -i virtualbox-5.0_5.0.20_Ubuntu_wily_i386.deb
The installer will also try to build kernel modules suitable for the current running kernel. If the build process is not

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successful you will be shown a warning and the package will be left unconfigured. Please have a look at /var/log/vbox-
install.log to find out why the compilation failed. You may have to install the appropriate Linux kernel After correcting
any problems, do

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42 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

sudorcvboxdrv setup
This will start a second attempt to build the module.
If a suitable kernel module was found in the package or the module was successfully built, the installation script will

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attempt to load that module.
Once VirtualBox has been successfully installed and configured, you can start it by selecting "VirtualBox" in your
start menu or from the command line.
Using the alternative installer (VirtualBox.run)
The alternative installer performs the following steps:

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? It unpacks the application files to the target directory,
/opt/VirtualBox/
which cannot be changed.
? It builds the VirtualBox kernel modules (vboxdrv, vboxnetflt and vboxnetadp) and installs them.
? It creates /sbin/rcvboxdrv, an init script to start the VirtualBox kernel module.

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? It creates a new system group called vboxusers.
? It creates symbolic links in /usr/bin to the a shell script (/opt/VirtualBox/VBox) which does some sanity checks
and dispatches to the actual executables, VirtualBox, VBoxSDL, VBoxVRDP, VBoxHeadless and VBoxManage
? It creates /etc/udev/rules.d/60-vboxdrv.rules, a description file for udev, if that is present, which makes the USB
devices accessible to all users in the vboxusers group.

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? It writes the installation directory to /etc/vbox/vbox.cfg.
The installer must be executed as root with either install or uninstall as the first parameter.
sudo ./VirtualBox.run install
Or if you do not have the "sudo" command available, run the following as root instead:
./VirtualBox.run install

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43 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

After that you need to put every user which should be able to access USB devices from VirtualBox guests in the

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group vboxusers, either through the GUI user management tools or by running the following command as root:
sudousermod -a -G vboxusers username
Performing a manual installation
If, for any reason, you cannot use the shell script installer described previously, you can also perform a manual
installation. Invoke the installer like this:

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./VirtualBox.run --keep --noexec
This will unpack all the files needed for installation in the directory install under the current directory. The VirtualBox
application files are contained in VirtualBox.tar.bz2 which you can unpack to any directory on your system. For
example:
sudomkdir /opt/VirtualBox

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sudo tar jxf ./install/VirtualBox.tar.bz2 -C /opt/VirtualBox
or as root:
mkdir /opt/VirtualBox
tarjxf ./install/VirtualBox.tar.bz2 -C /opt/VirtualBox
The sources for VirtualBox's kernel module are provided in the src directory. To build the module, change to the

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directory and issuemake
If everything builds correctly, issue the following command to install the module to the appropriate module directory:
sudo make install
In case you do not have sudo, switch the user account to root and performmake install
The VirtualBox kernel module needs a device node to operate. The above make command will tell you how to create

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the device node, depending on your Linux system. The procedure is slightly different for a classical Linux setup with
a /dev directory, a system with the now deprecated devfs and a modern Linux system with udev.
Note that the /dev/vboxdrv kernel module device node must be owned by root:root and must be read/writable only for
the user.Next, you will have to install the system initialization script for the kernel module:
cp /opt/VirtualBox/vboxdrv.sh /sbin/rcvboxdrv

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mkdir /etc/vbox
echo INSTALL_DIR=/opt/VirtualBox> /etc/vbox/vbox.cfg


44 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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and, for convenience, create the following symbolic links:
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VirtualBox
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxManage
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxHeadless

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ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxSDL

Sample Output:

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Result:
Thus the program to attach virtual block to virtual machine was successfully executed & checked whether it holds the

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data after the release of the virtual machine.


45 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find a procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual
machine and check whether it holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine

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Application:
? To support the Cloud Computing with the Virtual Block Store System. The fast development of cloud
computing systems stimulates the needs for a standalone block storage system to provide persistent
block storage services to virtual machines maintained by clouds.

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1. What is Type-1 and Type-2 hypervisor?
2. What is the use of virsh command?
3. Explain how you can transfer volume from one owner to another in Open Stack?

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4. Discuss about KVM Features?
5. What is Virtual block?
6. What is Virtualization?
7. What are virtual clusters?
8. How virtualization happens in data center?

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9. List some of the open source grid middleware packages.
10. What is a programming model?
11. What is Hadoop?
12. What are map and reduce functions?
13. How to run a job in hadoop?

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14. What is HDFS?
15. What are the open source grid middleware packages?
16. What is peer to peer computing?
17. What are node clusters?
18. How virtual migration happens in data center?

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Viva-voce


46 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No.03: INSTALL A C COMPILER IN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE AND
EXECUTE A SAMPLE PROGRAM.
Aim:
To Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Create a VM and Install any OS on it.

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2.Install a C compiler on OS
3.Open a Editor and type the sample program and Save.
4.Compile and run the Program
Example:
C programming on Linux based Environement

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1. Open Terminal (Applications-Accessories-Terminal)
2. Open gedit by typing ?gedit&? on terminal(You can also use any other Text Editor application)
3. Type the following on gedit
(or any other text editor)

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#include
main()
{
printf("Hello World\n");
}

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Save this file as
?helloworld. C?
5. Type ?ls? on Terminal to see all files under current folder
6. Confirm that ?helloworld.c? is in the current directory.
If not, type cd DIRECTORY_PATH to go to the

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directory that has ?helloworld.c?
7. Type ?gcchelloworld.c? to compile, and type ?ls? to
confirm that a new executable file ?a.out? is created
8. Type ?./a.out? on Terminal to run the program

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47 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to install a C complier is done and the sample program was executed successfully.

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48 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and
execute a sample program
Application:
The application of installing a C compiler in the virtual machine benefits to have a portable executable, for

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each platform.

1. What is the difference between Xen & KVM ?
2. What are different hypervisors available in Linux ?
3. Which command is used to list all virtual machine running on the KVM hypervisor ?

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4. What are the different states of a VM in Xen hypervisor ?
5. How to forcefully shutdown the KVM based virtual machine from the command line ?
6. What is virtual Machine?
7. What is Compiler?
8. What is Directory?

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9. List the C Compilers available?
10. What is virtualization?
11. List out VM operations
12. What are different hypervisors available in windows?
13. How to implement applications on the cloud to install C compiler?

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14. What are grid and cloud tools available?
15. What is hypervisor?
Viva-voce

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49 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No.04: SHOW THE VIRTUAL MACHINE MIGRATION BASED ON
THE CERTAIN CONDITION FROM ONE NODE TO THE OTHER.

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Aim:
To Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other

Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

Procedure:
1.Update source and target virtual machines to latest package versions

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To help ensure that platform images between cloud providers are running the same version of key operating system
packages, update these packages to the latest versions on both source and target virtual machines.
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
2. Install rsync and screen packages on source and target virtual machines

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The migration of application packages and files in this process will use rsync over ssh between source and target
virtual machines. The actual transfer of files between virtual machines can take some time, so I also recommend
using screen so that you can easily re-attach to an in-progress migration session if you are inadvertently
disconnected.
Ensure that rsync and screen packages are installed on both the source and target virtual machines with these

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commands:
sudo apt-get install rsync
sudo apt-get install screen
3. Add a consistent user account to both source and target virtual machines
To facilitate the migration process, ensure that you have a consistent user account configured on both source and

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target virtual machines with sudo enabled. The newly provisioned target virtual machines from Task 3 already


50 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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include a user named azureuser with sudo enabled. To configure this same user on each source virtual machine,
use the following commands:
sudogroupadd -g 500 azureuser
sudouseradd -u 500 -g 500 -m -s /bin/bash azureuser
sudopasswdazureuser

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4. Start a screen session for the migration
On the source virtual machine, enter a new screen session for the migration by using the following command:
sudo screen -S AzureMigration
If you are disconnected from the source virtual machine during the migration process, you can reconnect to the
detached screen session by using the following command after signing in again to the source virtual machine:

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sudo screen -r
5. Build an exclusion list of directories and files
During the migration, we want to be careful to skip any files that include configuration information relating to the
identity of the source virtual machines, such as IP addresses, hostnames, ssh keys, etc. For the Ubuntu-based
virtual machines that we migrated, we used the following commands on each source virtual machine to build our

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list of directories and files to exclude from the migration process:
EXCLUDEFILE=/tmp/exclude.file
EXCLUDELIST='/boot /etc/fstab /etc/hostname /etc/issue /etc/hosts
/etc/sudoers /etc/networks /etc/network/* /etc/resolv.conf
/etc/ssh/* /etc/sysctl.conf /etc/mtab /etc/udev/rules.d/*

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/lock /net /tmp'
EXCLUDEPATH=$(echo $EXCLUDELIST | sed 's/\ /\\n/g')
echo -e $EXCLUDEPATH > $EXCLUDEFILE
find / -name '*cloud-init*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE
find / -name '*cloud-config*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE

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find / -name '*cloud-final*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE


51 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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The actual list of directories and files that you exclude may vary from this list, based on the Linux distro version,
packages and applications that you are migrating.
Credits: Kudos to Kevin Carter who wrote a great article a couple years ago that provided a useful starting point for
building a list of directories and files to consider excluding as part of a Linux-to-Linux migration process!
6. Stop applications during migration

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To minimize application data changes from occurring during the migration process, stop the related applications and
daemons on the source virtual machines. The application that we migrated was a web application built using
Apache2, so we simply stopped the related Apache2 daemon.
sudo service stop apache2
7. Migrate the application files and data

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From each source virtual machine, migrate application files and data using two rsync passes over ssh. The first
pass performs the bulk of the data transfer, whereas the second pass uses checksums to confirm that all files were
transferred successfully.
TARGETVM="insert_target_vm_public_ip_address"
rsync -e "ssh" -rlpEAXogDtSzh -P -x ?exclude-from="$EXCLUDEFILE" ?rsync-path="sudorsync" ?

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verbose ?progress / azureuser@$TARGETVM:/
rsync -e "ssh" -crlpEAXogDtSzh -P -x ?exclude-from="$EXCLUDEFILE" ?rsync-path="sudorsync" ?
verbose ?progress / azureuser@$TARGETVM:/
8. Restart each target virtual machine
After both rsync passes have completed, restart each target virtual machine to complete the migration

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process.
sshazureuser@$TARGETVM
shutdown -r now

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52 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:

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Thus the program to implement migration of virtual machine was executed successfully.


53 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to Show the virtual machine migration based on the
certain condition from one node to the other

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Application:
? Its easier to migrate a Virtual Machine from one server to another, than migrating the operating
system and application(s) individually.
? Using Virtual Machine Migration, its possible to migrate operating systems and applications from
older servers to newer servers easily and without disrupting the services.

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1. What are the basic requirements of VM live migration in KVM?
2. Which command is used in KVM for VMs live migration?
3. How to get hardware information of KVM guest machine?
4. What is VM migration?

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5. Which type of virtualization is also characteristic of cloud computing ?
6. Which virtualization standard does the WebSphere Application Server Hypervisor Edition use?
7.Which three tools are included in the IBM Rational Jazz Collaborative Application Lifecycle
Management (C/ALM) solution?
8. What are two ways a public cloud helps customers reduce their IT costs?

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9.What functionality is provided by the IBM Security Network Intrusion Prevention System Virtual
Appliance for a cloud environment?
10. What are two important benefits of using cloud computing?
11. What is the value of IBM Security Information and Event Manager in a cloud provider environment?
12. What is the main purpose of an IBM CloudBurst solution?

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Viva-voce


54 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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EX.NO.5: PROCEDURE TO INSTALL STORAGE CONTROLLER AND
INTERACT WITH IT.
Aim:
Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:

To install Storage Control, follow these steps.
Ensure that Systems Director 6.3 is installed and running.

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Ensure that you are logged in to Systems Director with a user ID that has administrative privileges.
Windows only: Restart the DB2 Management server.
a) Go to Start >Administrative Tools >Services.
b) Select DB2 Management Service from the services window and restart it.
If you want to download and install Storage Control, go to step 5. If you want to install Storage Control from read-

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only media, such as a CD or mounted .iso image, go to step 8.
From the Systems Director summary page, click the link Try Storage Control in the upper right corner.
A download page opens. Download the appropriate file for your operating system.
7.Extract the files to the directory where you want to install Storage Control, then go to step 9.
8. Copy the Storage Control installer directory from the CD or the mounted .iso image into a temporary directory

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close to the system root. For example, /SCInstall for AIX or Linux and C:\SCInstall for Windows.
9. Access a command window and navigate to the directory where you extracted the files or where you copied
the installer directory. Run the appropriate script. If you do not want the license agreement to display, use the -
ioption when you run the script. For example, StorageControlInstall.sh -i.
Important: If you are not using IBM DB2 managed by Systems Director, then

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the DB2 user ID used must have DB2 Administrator privileges.
On Microsoft Windows systems, run the script StorageControlInstall.bat.


55 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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On Linux and AIX systems, run the script StorageControlInstall.sh.
10. Restart Systems Director as directed.

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Result:
Thus the program to install storage controller was executed successfully.

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56 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find procedure to install storage controller and
interact with it
Application:
A controller offers a level of abstraction between an operating system and the physical drives. A RAID

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controller presents groups to applications and operating systems as logical units for which data protection
schemes can be defined.

1. What is a snapshot?
2. What is Thick Provision Lazy Zeroed?

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3. What is Thick Provision Eager Zeroed?
4. What is Thin Provision?
5. What is VDI?
6. What is storage vMotion?
7. How many virtual CPUs can I use on a Fault Tolerant virtual machine?

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8. What is the use of vmware tools?
9. What happens if vCenter Server is offline when a failover event occurs?
10. What are the monitoring methods used for vSphere HA?
11. What are the roles of a master host in vSphere HA?
12. What is the hardware version used in VMware ESXi 5.5?

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13. What is server virtualization?
14. What is Network Virtualization?
15. What is template?
Viva-Voce

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57 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


EX.NO.6: PROCEDURE TO SET UP ONE HADOOP CLUSTER

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Aim:
To Find a procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
Follow the steps given below to have Hadoop Multi-Node cluster setup.
Installing Java

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Java is the main prerequisite for Hadoop. First of all, you should verify the existence of java in your system using
?java -version?. The syntax of java version command is given below.
$ java-version
If everything works fine it will give you the following output.
java version "1.7.0_71"

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Java(TM) SE RuntimeEnvironment(build 1.7.0_71-b13)
JavaHotSpot(TM)Client VM (build 25.0-b02, mixed mode)
If java is not installed in your system, then follow the given steps for installing java.
1. Download java (JDK - X64.tar.gz) by visiting the following link
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk7-downloads-1880260.html

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Then jdk-7u71-linux-x64.tar.gz will be downloaded into your system.
2. Generally you will find the downloaded java file in Downloads folder. Verify it and extract the jdk-7u71-linux-
x64.gz file using the following commands.
$ cdDownloads/
$ ls

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jdk-7u71-Linux-x64.gz
$ tar zxf jdk-7u71-Linux-x64.gz
$ ls
jdk1.7.0_71 jdk-7u71-Linux-x64.gz

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58 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

3. To make java available to all the users, you have to move it to the location ?/usr/local/?. Open the root, and type
the following commands.

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$ su
password:
# mv jdk1.7.0_71 /usr/local/
# exit
4. For setting up PATH and JAVA_HOME variables, add the following commands to ~/.bashrc file.

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export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.7.0_71
export PATH=PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
Now verify the java -version command from the terminal as explained above. Follow the above process and install
java in all your cluster nodes.
Creating User Account

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Create a system user account on both master and slave systems to use the Hadoop installation.
# useraddhadoop
# passwdhadoop
Mapping the nodes
You have to edit hosts file in /etc/ folder on all nodes, specify the IP address of each system followed by their host

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names.
# vi /etc/hosts
enter the following lines in the /etc/hosts file.
192.168.1.109hadoop-master
192.168.1.145 hadoop-slave-1

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192.168.56.1 hadoop-slave-2
Configuring Key Based Login
Setup ssh in every node such that they can communicate with one another without any prompt for password.
# suhadoop
$ ssh-keygen-t rsa

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$ ssh-copy-id-i~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub tutorialspoint@hadoop-master
$ ssh-copy-id-i~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop_tp1@hadoop-slave-1
$ ssh-copy-id-i~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop_tp2@hadoop-slave-2
$ chmod0600~/.ssh/authorized_keys
$ exit

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Installing Hadoop
In the Master server, download and install Hadoop using the following commands.
# mkdir /opt/hadoop
# cd /opt/hadoop/
# wget http://apache.mesi.com.ar/hadoop/common/hadoop-1.2.1/hadoop-1.2.0.tar.gz

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# tar -xzf hadoop-1.2.0.tar.gz
# mv hadoop-1.2.0 hadoop


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# chown -R hadoop /opt/hadoop
# cd /opt/hadoop/hadoop/
Configuring Hadoop
You have to configure Hadoop server by making the following changes as given below.

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core-site.xml

Open the core-site.xml file and edit it as shown below.

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fs.default.name
hdfs://hadoop-master:9000/


dfs.permissions

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false


hdfs-site.xml
Open the hdfs-site.xml file and edit it as shown below.

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dfs.data.dir
/opt/hadoop/hadoop/dfs/name/data
true

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dfs.name.dir
/opt/hadoop/hadoop/dfs/name

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true



dfs.replication

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1


mapred-site.xml
Open the mapred-site.xml file and edit it as shown below.

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mapred.job.tracker
hadoop-master:9001

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hadoop-env.sh
Open the hadoop-env.sh file and edit JAVA_HOME, HADOOP_CONF_DIR, and HADOOP_OPTS as shown below.
Note: Set the JAVA_HOME as per your system configuration.
export JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk1.7.0_17 export HADOOP_OPTS=-Djava.net.preferIPv4Stack=trueexport
HADOOP_CONF_DIR=/opt/hadoop/hadoop/conf

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Installing Hadoop on Slave Servers
Install Hadoop on all the slave servers by following the given commands.
# suhadoop
$ cd/opt/hadoop
$ scp-r hadoop hadoop-slave-1:/opt/hadoop

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$ scp-r hadoop hadoop-slave-2:/opt/hadoop
Configuring Hadoop on Master Server
Open the master server and configure it by following the given commands.
# suhadoop
$ cd/opt/hadoop/hadoop

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Configuring Master Node
$ vietc/hadoop/masters
hadoop-master
Configuring Slave Node
$ vietc/hadoop/slaves

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hadoop-slave-1
hadoop-slave-2
Format Name Node on Hadoop Master
# suhadoop
$ cd/opt/hadoop/hadoop

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$ bin/hadoopnamenode?format
11/10/1410:58:07 INFO namenode.NameNode:
STARTUP_MSG:/************************************************************
STARTUP_MSG: Starting NameNode
STARTUP_MSG: host = hadoop-master/192.168.1.109

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STARTUP_MSG: args = [-format]
STARTUP_MSG: version = 1.2.0
STARTUP_MSG: build = https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/hadoop/common/branches/branch-1.2 -r 1479473;
compiled by 'hortonfo' on Mon May 6 06:59:37 UTC 2013

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STARTUP_MSG: java = 1.7.0_71 ************************************************************/11/10/1410:58:08 INFO
util.GSet:Computing capacity for map BlocksMapeditlog=/opt/hadoop/hadoop/dfs/name/current/edits

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?.
?.
?.11/10/1410:58:08 INFO common.Storage:Storage directory
/opt/hadoop/hadoop/dfs/name has been successfully formatted.11/10/1410:58:08 INFO namenode.NameNode:
SHUTDOWN_MSG:/************************************************************ SHUTDOWN_MSG: Shutting down

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NameNode at hadoop-master/192.168.1.15 ************************************************************/
Starting Hadoop Services
The following command is to start all the Hadoop services on the Hadoop-Master.
$ cd $HADOOP_HOME/sbin
$ start-all.sh

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Adding a New DataNode in the Hadoop Cluster
Given below are the steps to be followed for adding new nodes to a Hadoop cluster.
Networking
Add new nodes to an existing Hadoop cluster with some appropriate network configuration. Assume the following
network configuration.

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For New node Configuration:
IP address :192.168.1.103
netmask:255.255.255.0
hostname : slave3.in
Adding User and SSH Access

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Add a User
On a new node, add "hadoop" user and set password of Hadoop user to "hadoop123" or anything you want by using
the following commands.
useraddhadoop
passwdhadoop

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Setup Password less connectivity from master to new slave.
Execute the following on the master
mkdir-p $HOME/.ssh
chmod700 $HOME/.ssh
ssh-keygen-t rsa-P ''-f $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa

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cat $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys
chmod644 $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys
Copy the public key to new slave node inhadoop user $HOME directory
scp $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop@192.168.1.103:/home/hadoop/
Execute the following on the slaves

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Login to hadoop. If not, login to hadoop user.


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suhadoopssh-X hadoop@192.168.1.103
Copy the content of public key into file "$HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys" and then change the permission for the
same by executing the following commands.
cd $HOME
mkdir-p $HOME/.ssh

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chmod700 $HOME/.ssh
cat id_rsa.pub >>$HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys
chmod644 $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys
Check ssh login from the master machine. Now check if you can ssh to the new node without a password from the
master.

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ssh hadoop@192.168.1.103or hadoop@slave3
Set Hostname of New Node
You can set hostname in file /etc/sysconfig/network
Onnew slave3 machine
NETWORKING=yes

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HOSTNAME=slave3.in
To make the changes effective, either restart the machine or run hostname command to a new machine with the
respective hostname (restart is a good option).
On slave3 node machine:
hostname slave3.in

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Update /etc/hosts on all machines of the cluster with the following lines:
192.168.1.102 slave3.in slave3
Now try to ping the machine with hostnames to check whether it is resolving to IP or not.
On new node machine:
ping master.in

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Start the DataNode on New Node
Start the datanode daemon manually using $HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoop-daemon.sh script. It will automatically
contact the master (NameNode) and join the cluster. We should also add the new node to the conf/slaves file in the
master server. The script-based commands will recognize the new node.
Login to new node

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suhadooporssh-X hadoop@192.168.1.103
Start HDFS on a newly added slave node by using the following command
./bin/hadoop-daemon.sh start datanode

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Check the output of jps command on a new node. It looks as follows.
$ jps
7141DataNode

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10312Jps
Removing a DataNode from the Hadoop Cluster
We can remove a node from a cluster on the fly, while it is running, without any data loss. HDFS provides a
decommissioning feature, which ensures that removing a node is performed safely. To use it, follow the steps as
given below:

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1. Login to master
Login to master machine user where Hadoop is installed.
$ suhadoop
2 Change cluster configuration
An exclude file must be configured before starting the cluster. Add a key named dfs.hosts.exclude to our

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$HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml file. The value associated with this key provides the full path to a file
on the NameNode's local file system which contains a list of machines which are not permitted to connect to HDFS.
For example, add these lines to etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml file.

dfs.hosts.exclude

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/home/hadoop/hadoop-1.2.1/hdfs_exclude.txt

DFS exclude

3. Determine hosts to decommission

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Each machine to be decommissioned should be added to the file identified by the hdfs_exclude.txt, one domain
name per line. This will prevent them from connecting to the NameNode. Content of the "/home/hadoop/hadoop-
1.2.1/hdfs_exclude.txt" file is shown below, if you want to remove DataNode2.slave2.in
4. Force configuration reload
Run the command "$HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoopdfsadmin -refreshNodes" without the quotes.

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$ $HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoopdfsadmin-refreshNodes
This will force the NameNode to re-read its configuration, including the newly updated ?excludes? file. It will
decommission the nodes over a period of time, allowing time for each node's blocks to be replicated onto machines
which are scheduled to remain active.On slave2.in, check the jps command output. After some time, you will see the
DataNode process is shutdown automatically.

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5. Shutdown nodes
After the decommission process has been completed, the decommissioned hardware can be safely shut down for
maintenance. Run the report command to dfsadmin to check the status of decommission. The following command
will describe the status of the decommission node and the connected nodes to the cluster.

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$ $HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoopdfsadmin-report
6. Edit excludes file again

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Once the machines have been decommissioned, they can be removed from the ?excludes? file. Running
"$HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoopdfsadmin -refreshNodes" again will read the excludes file back into the
NameNode; allowing the DataNodes to rejoin the cluster after the maintenance has been completed, or additional
capacity is needed in the cluster again, etc.

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Result:
Thus the program to install storage controller was executed successfully.


65 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find a procedure to set up the one node Hadoop

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cluster
Application:
Many organisations are required to deal with large data sets. To handle the large data sets these organisations
use hadoop cluster. But they need to set up hadoop cluster with different number of nodes several times.

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1) What is Big Data?
2) What are the four characteristics of Big Data?
3) What are real-time industry applications of Hadoop?
4) What all modes Hadoop can be run in?

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5) What are the most common Input Formats in Hadoop?
6) Define DataNode
7) What are the core methods of a Reducer?
8) What is Job Tracker role in Hadoop?
9) What is the use of RecordReader in Hadoop?

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10) What companies use Hadoop, any idea?
11) Why do we need Hadoop?
12) What is the basic difference between traditional RDBMS and Hadoop?

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Viva-Voce


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EX.NO.07: MOUNT THE ONE NODE HADOOP CLUSTER USING FUSE

Aim:
To Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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Interfaces
Following are the important interfaces:
? Client<-->ResourceManager
By using YarnClient objects.
? ApplicationMaster<-->ResourceManager

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By using AMRMClientAsync objects, handling events asynchronously by
AMRMClientAsync.CallbackHandler
? ApplicationMaster<-->NodeManager
Launch containers. Communicate with NodeManagers by using NMClientAsync objects, handling container
events by NMClientAsync.CallbackHandler

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Writing a Simple Yarn Application
Writing a simple Client
? The first step that a client needs to do is to initialize and start a YarnClient.
? YarnClientyarnClient = YarnClient.createYarnClient();
? yarnClient.init(conf);

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? yarnClient.start();

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? Once a client is set up, the client needs to create an application, and get its application id.
? YarnClientApplication app = yarnClient.createApplication();
? GetNewApplicationResponseappResponse = app.getNewApplicationResponse();
? The response from the YarnClientApplication for a new application also contains information about the
cluster such as the minimum/maximum resource capabilities of the cluster. This is required so that to ensure

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that you can correctly set the specifications of the container in which the ApplicationMaster would be
launched. Please refer to GetNewApplicationResponse for more details.
? The main crux of a client is to setup the ApplicationSubmissionContext which defines all the information
needed by the RM to launch the AM. A client needs to set the following into the context:
? Application info: id, name

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? Queue, priority info: Queue to which the application will be submitted, the priority to be assigned for the
application.
? User: The user submitting the application
? ContainerLaunchContext: The information defining the container in which the AM will be launched and run.
The ContainerLaunchContext, as mentioned previously, defines all the required information needed to run

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the application such as the local *Resources (binaries, jars, files etc.), Environment settings (CLASSPATH
etc.), the Command to be executed and security T*okens (RECT).
The ApplicationReport received from the RM consists of the following:
? General application information: Application id, queue to which the application was submitted, user who
submitted the application and the start time for the application.

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? ApplicationMaster details: the host on which the AM is running, the rpc port (if any) on which it is
listening for requests from clients and a token that the client needs to communicate with the AM.


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? Application tracking information: If the application supports some form of progress tracking, it can set a
tracking url which is available via ApplicationReport?sgetTrackingUrl() method that a client can look at to
monitor progress.
? Application status: The state of the application as seen by the ResourceManager is available via

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ApplicationReport#getYarnApplicationState. If the YarnApplicationState is set to FINISHED, the client
should refer to ApplicationReport#getFinalApplicationStatus to check for the actual success/failure of the
application task itself. In case of failures, ApplicationReport#getDiagnostics may be useful to shed some
more light on the the failure.
? If the ApplicationMaster supports it, a client can directly query the AM itself for progress updates via the

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host:rpcport information obtained from the application report. It can also use the tracking url obtained
from the report if available.
? In certain situations, if the application is taking too long or due to other factors, the client may wish to kill
the application. YarnClient supports the killApplication call that allows a client to send a kill signal to the
AM via the ResourceManager. An ApplicationMaster if so designed may also support an abort call via its

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rpc layer that a client may be able to leverage.
? yarnClient.killApplication(appId);
Writing an ApplicationMaster (AM)
? The AM is the actual owner of the job. It will be launched by the RM and via the client will be provided
all the necessary information and resources about the job that it has been tasked with to oversee and

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complete.
? As the AM is launched within a container that may (likely will) be sharing a physical host with other
containers, given the multi-tenancy nature, amongst other issues, it cannot make any assumptions of
things like pre-configured ports that it can listen on.
? When the AM starts up, several parameters are made available to it via the environment. These

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include the ContainerId for the AM container, the application submission time and details about the


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NM (NodeManager) host running the ApplicationMaster. Ref ApplicationConstants for parameter
names.
? All interactions with the RM require an ApplicationAttemptId (there can be multiple attempts per
application in case of failures). The ApplicationAttemptIdcan be obtained from the AM?s container id.
There are helper APIs to convert the value obtained from the environment into objects.

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? In setupContainerAskForRM(), the follow two things need some set up:
? Resource capability: Currently, YARN supports memory based resource requirements so the request
should define how much memory is needed. The value is defined in MB and has to less than the max
capability of the cluster and an exact multiple of the min capability. Memory resources correspond to
physical memory limits imposed on the task containers. It will also support computation based

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resource (vCore), as shown in the code.
? Priority: When asking for sets of containers, an AM may define different priorities to each set. For
example, the Map-Reduce AM may assign a higher priority to containers needed for the Map tasks
and a lower priority for the Reduce tasks? containers.
? After container allocation requests have been sent by the application manager, contailers will be

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launched asynchronously, by the event handler of the AMRMClientAsync client. The handler should
implement AMRMClientAsync.CallbackHandler interface.
? When there are containers allocated, the handler sets up a thread that runs the code to launch
containers. Here we use the name LaunchContainerRunnable to demonstrate. We will talk about the
LaunchContainerRunnable class in the following part of this article.

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? heNMClientAsync object, together with its event handler, handles container events. Including
container start, stop, status update, and occurs an error.
? After the ApplicationMaster determines the work is done, it needs to unregister itself through the AM-
RM client, and then stops the client.

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FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice


0 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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College o f Engineering
?

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DEPARTMENT OF
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
VII SEMESTER - R 2013

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Name : ______________________________________
Reg. No. : ______________________________________

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Section : ______________________________________
LABORATORY MANUAL


1 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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DHANALAKSHMI


is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and enterprising

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professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and training.


? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic Excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at different levels

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? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart and
soul

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

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To strive for acquiring, applying and imparting knowledge in Computer Science and Engineering through quality
education and to provide enthusiastic professionals with commitment


? To produce highly competent and globally employable engineers in the field of Computer Science and

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Engineering
? To inculcate human values among the student community and make them realize their commitment to the society
? To exhibit excellence in pursuit of research and innovative products with a zeal to serve the society

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VISION
VISION
MISSION
MISSION

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2 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)
1. Fundamentals

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To provide students with a solid foundation in Mathematics, Science and fundamentals of engineering, enabling
them to apply, to find solutions for engineering problems and use this knowledge to acquire higher education
2. Core Competence
To train the students in Computer science and engineering technologies so that they apply their knowledge and
training to compare, and to analyze various engineering industrial problems to find solutions

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3. Breadth
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice this enables them to
find solutions for the real time problems in industry, and to design products
4. Professionalism
To inculcate professional and effective communication skills, leadership qualities and team spirit in the students

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to make them multi-faceted personalities and develop their ability to relate engineering issues to broader social
context
5. Lifelong Learning/Ethics
To demonstrate and practice ethical and professional responsibilities in the industry and society in the large,
through commitment and lifelong learning needed for successful professional career

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4

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PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)
a) To demonstrate and apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Electronics and Communication Engineering field
b) To design a component, a system or a process to meet the specific needs within the realistic constraints

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such as economics, environment, ethics, health, safety and manufacturability
c) To demonstrate the competency to use software tools for computation, simulation and testing of electronics and
communication engineering circuits
d) To identify, formulate and solve electronic and communication engineering problems
e) To demonstrate an ability to visualize and work on laboratory and multidisciplinary tasks

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f) To function as a member or a leader in multidisciplinary activities
g) To communicate in verbal and written form with fellow engineers and society at large
h) To understand the impact of Electronics and Communication Engineering in the society and demonstrate awareness
of contemporary issues and commitment to give solutions exhibiting social responsibility
i) To demonstrate professional & ethical responsibilities

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j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To participate and succeed in competitive exams

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5 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

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SYLLABUS
Learn the working of ARM processor
Understand the Building Blocks of Embedded Systems
Learn the concept of memory map and memory interface
Know the characteristics of Real Time Systems

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Write programs to interface memory, I/Os with processor
Study the interrupt performance
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
GRID COMPUTING LAB
Use Globus Toolkit or equivalent and do the following:

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1. Develop a new Web Service for Calculator.
2. Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service.
3. Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service.
4. Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs
5. Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus Toolkit.

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6. Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it with and without
GRAM concept.

CLOUD COMPUTING LAB
Use Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent to set up the cloud and demonstrate.

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1. Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines
COURSE OBJECTIVES


6 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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can be utilized at particular time.
2. Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even
after the release of the virtual machine.
3. Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program.

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4. Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other.
5. Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it.
6. Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster.
7. Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE.
8. Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it.

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9. Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits.
? Design and implement applications on the Grid.
? Design and Implement applications on the Cloud.
? Design network objects by applying the networking concepts.
? Create virtualization concept.

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? Design web based applications.
? Apply cloud tools for resource allocation.
? Apply grid tools for network translation.
? Design private cloud using open stack.
COURSE OUTCOMES

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7


CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

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CONTENTS
Sl. No. Name of the Experiment Page No.
CYCLE 1 ? EXPERIMENTS ( GRID COMPUTING)
1
Develop a new Web Service for Calculator 7

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2
Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service 16
3
Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service 19
4

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Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs 22
5
Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus
Toolkit
25

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6
Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it
with and without GRAM concept
27
CYCLE 2 ? EXPERIMENTS (CLOUD COMPUTING)

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1
Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how
many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
34
2

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Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it
holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
36
3 Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program 39
4

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Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to
the other
42
5 Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it 45
6 Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster 47

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7 Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE
ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS
1 Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it 52
2 Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks 55

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8 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO GRID COMPUTING


GRID TECHNOLOGY

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? Flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and
resource
? Grid architecture
? Defined using services and protocols

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? Using the ?sand hourglass? model similar to the TCP/IP protocol stack

"A computational grid is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides dependable, consistent, pervasive and
inexpensive access to high-end computational capabilities."
Grid computing makes it possible to dynamically share and coordinate dispersed, heterogeneous computing

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resources. Flexibility and ubiquity are essential characteristics of Web services technologies such as WSDL (Web
Services Description Language), SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), and UDDI (Universal Description,
Discovery, and Integration).
The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) combines technologies to unlock and exploit grid-attached resources.
OGSA defines mechanisms to create, manage, and exchange information between Grid Services, a special type of

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Web service. The architecture uses WSDL extensively to describe the structure and behavior of a service. Service
descriptions are located and discovered using Web Services Inspection Language (WSIL). By combining elements
from grid computing and Web services technologies, OGSA establishes an extensible and interoperable design and
development framework for Grid Services that includes details for service definition, discovery, and life-cycle
management.

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9 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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GLOBUS TOOLKIT

The Globus Toolkit provides software tools to make it easier to build computational grids and grid-based
applications. The Globus Toolkit is both an open architecture and open source toolkit.

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? The Globus Toolkit is a product of the Globus Alliance (http://www.globus.org)
? It is middleware for developing grids
? The current release is 6.0.
? Four key protocols and APIs
? Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI)

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? Grid Resource Allocation & Mgmt (GRAM)
? Grid Resource Information Protocol (GRIP) and Index Information Protocol (GIIP)
? Grid File Transfer Protocol (GridFTP)
? Implementations on many platforms
? Resources, security systems, data models,

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? Various collective layer protocols & tools
? Info services, replica management, etc.
? A basis for many Grid-enabled tools & apps
FTP, SSH, Condor, SRB, MPI, EDG, GridPort,
GLOBUS TOOLKIT? COMPONENTS

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? Security
? GSI ? Grid Security Infrastructure
? Resource Management
? GRAM ? Grid Resource Allocation Manager
o globusrun

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o RSL
o gatekeeper
o job manager
o DUROC ? Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator
? Information Services

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? MDS ? Monitoring and Discovery Service


10 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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o GRIS ? Grid Resource Information Service
o GIIS ? Grid Index Information Service
o MDS Client
? Data Management
o GridFTP, GASS

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The Globus Toolkit latest version 6.0 includes:
GSI: security
GridFTP: file transfer
GRAM: job execution/resource management
MyProxy: credential repository/certificate authority

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GSI-OpenSSH: GSI secure single sign-on remote shell


11 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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GLOBUS TOOLKIT INSTALLATION PROCEDURE
Step1: For installing Globus Toolkit nothing more easy than download the latest package:
http://toolkit.globus.org/ftppub/gt6/installers/repo/globus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
sudodpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Step2: Update the repositories: sudo apt-get update

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Step3: To install Debian or Ubuntu package, download the globus-toolkit-repo package
from the link above and install it with the command:
root@sysa63:/home/#dpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Do the following for Debian-based systems:
root@sysa63:/home/#apt-get install globus-data-management-client

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12 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 01: DEVELOP A NEW WEB SERVICE FOR CALCULATOR

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Aim:
Develop a Web Service for new Calculator
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Our first web service is an extremely simple Math Web Service, which we'll refer to asMathService. It will
2. allow users to perform the following operations:

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a. Addition
b. Subtraction
3. Furthermore, MathService will have the following resource properties (RPs for short):
a. Value (integer)
b. Last operation performed (string)

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4. We will also add a "Get Value" operation to access the Value RP. Once a new resource is created, the
"value" RP is initialized to zero, and the "last operation" RP is initialized to "NONE". The parameter is
added/subtracted to the "value" RP, and the "last operation" RP is changed to "ADDITION" or
"SUBTRACTION" accordingly. Also, the addition and subtraction operations don't return anything.
5. Writing and deploying a WSRF Web Service is easier than you might think. You just have to follow five

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simple steps.
6. Define the service's interface. This is done with WSDL
7. Implement the service. This is done with Java.
8. Define the deployment parameters. This is done with WSDD and JNDI
9. Compile everything and generate a GAR file. This is done with Ant

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10. Deploy service. This is also done with a GT4 tool

Sample Code:

_instance"

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xmlns ="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"
xmlns:tns="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/examples/core/MathService_instance"
xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsrp="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-
ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.xsd" xmlns:wsrpw="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-

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13 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.wsdl"
xmlns:wsdlpp="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/2004/10/WSDLPreprocessor"

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xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">

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Result:

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Thus the program for developing web service for new calculator was successfully executed.



14 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid by using Web Service for new Calculator

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Applications:
To make a calculator in Windows application using web service


1) What is Web Service?

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2) What are the advantages of web services?
3) What are the different types of web services?
4) What is SOAP?
5) What are the advantages of SOAP web services?
6) What are the disadvantages of SOAP web services?

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7) What is WSDL?
8) What is UDDI?
9) What are RESTful web services?
10) What are the advantages of RESTful web services?
11) What is the difference between SOAP and REST web services?

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12) What is SOA service architecture?
13) What tools are used to deploy web services?
14) What is Web Service architecture?
15) What are the advantages of web services in globus toolkit?
16) What are the different types of web services?

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17) What is SOAP web services?
18) What is UDP and TCP?
19) What is stateless SOA?
20) What is data balancing in WSDL?
Viva-voce

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15 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 02: DEVELOP NEW OGSA-COMPLIANT WEB SERVICE

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Aim:
To develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid Service using .NET language.
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

1. Developed by the Global Grid Forum

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2. Aims to define a common, standard, open architecture for Grid Applications.
3. Defines a set of rules that make up a grid service.
4. Sharing and Coordinated use of diverse resources in Dynamic VO's

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Result:
Thus the program for developing OGSA- Complaint web service was successfully executed.

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16 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid
Service using .NET language
Applications:
? Sharing of information among diverse components of large heterogenous grid systems
? WAN

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1. How would you decide what style of Web Service to use? SOAP WS or REST?
2. Does the service expose data or business logic?

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3. Do consumers and the service providers require a formal contract?
4. Do we need to support multiple data formats?
5. Do we need to make AJAX calls?
6. Is the call synchronous or asynchronous?
7. What level of security is required?

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8. What level of transaction support is required?
9. Do we have limited band width?
10. What tools do you use to test your Web Services?
11. What is the difference between SOA and a Web service?
12. What is a microservice architecture (aka MSA)?

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13. What is data integrity?
14. What is cloud infrastructure?


Viva-voce

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17 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 03: USING APACHE AXIS DEVELOP A GRID SERVICE

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Aim:
To develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Creating the New Level in the Package
2. Edit the Configuration Files

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3. Modify the Service Code
4. Modify the Client
5. Compile and Deploy
6. Starting the Container
7. Compile the Client

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8. Run the Client

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18 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:
Addition was successful
Subtraction was successful

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Multiplication was successful
Division was successful
Current value: 20.

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Result:
Thus the program for Grid Service using Apache Axis was successfully executed.

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19 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Applications:
? To create web service in Java

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? To work with Globus Tool kit standards web service


1. What are the different application integration styles?
2. What is Grid Computing?

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3. What is QOS?
4. What are the derivatives of grid computing?
5. What are the features of data grids?
6. What is load balancing?
7. What is grid infrastructure?

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8. Define ? Distributed Computing.
9. Define ? OSGI.
10. Define ? OSGA.
11. What is the use of API?s in cloud services?
12. What is the difference between cloud and grid?

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13. What is data communication?
14. What are the elements of data communication?

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Viva-voce

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20 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 04: DEVELOP APPLICATIONS USING JAVA OR C/C++ GRID
APIS
Aim:

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To develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
1. Import all the necessary java packages and name the file as GridLayoutDemo.java
2. Set up components to preferred size
3. Add buttons to experiment with Grid Layout
4. Add controls to set up horizontal and vertical gaps

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5. Process the Apply gaps button press
6. Create the GUI
7. Create and set up the window,Set up the content pane and Display the Window
8. Schedule a job for the event dispatch thread
9. Show the application's GUI

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21 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00



Sample Output:

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Figure 1: Horizontal, Left-to-Right Figure 2: Horizontal, Right-to-Left

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Result:
Thus the program to develop an application in java using Grid APIs was successfully executed.

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22 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Applications:
Used for defining a application programme interface for common distributes computing functionality

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1) Describe the two most important advantages of using Distributed/Grid Computing.
2) What is the main function of DNS?
3) Briefly outline two applications of Public Key systems.

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4) Provide one major difference between synchronous and asynchronous communication.
5) Provide one major difference between ASCII and Unicode encodings.
6) Provide two major differences between sequential computing and parallel computing.
7) Write the any three Grid Applications.
8) Give the examples of Hardware service provider.

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9) Give the example of software application ASP.
10) What are grid portals? Give example.
11) What are the high level services including in existing globus tool kit?
12) Name the components available in Nimrod architecture?
13) What are the major objectives of Euro grid project?

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14) What is the application specific work packages identified for the Euro grid?
15) Define dynamic accounting system.

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Viva-voce


23 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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EX.NO. 05: DEVELOP SECURED APPLICATIONS USING BASIC
SECURITY MECHANISMS AVAILABLE IN GLOBUS TOOLKIT.
Aim:
To develop a secured applications using a basic security mechanisms available in Globus toolkit

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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The Globus Toolkit incorporates multiple security components that establish the identity of users or services
(authentication), protect communications, and determine who is allowed to perform what actions (authorization), as
well as manage user credentials.
? GSI C: The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and
certificate management.

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? MyProxy: MyProxy is open source software for managing X.509 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) security
credentials (certificates and private keys).
? GSI-OpenSSH: GSI-OpenSSH is a modified version of OpenSSH that adds support for X.509 proxy
certificate authentication and delegation, providing a single sign-on remote login and file transfer service.
The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and certificate

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management. The authentication API is built using Public KeyInfrastructure (PKI) technologies, e.g. X.509
Certificates and TLS. In addition to authentication it features a delegation mechanism based upon X.509 Proxy
Certificates. Authorization support takes the form of a couple of APIs. The first provides a generic authorization API
that allows callouts to perform access control based on the client's credentials (i.e. the X.509 certificate chain). The
second provides a simple access control list that maps authorized remote entities to local (system) user names. The

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second mechanism also provides callouts that allow third parties to override the default behavior and is currently
used in the Gatekeeper and GridFTP servers. In addition to the above there are various lower level APIs and tools
for managing, discovering and querying certificates.
Components for Grid Security
1. Basic Security Mechanisms

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2. Components for Credential Generation
3. Components for Credential Management


24 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Beyond verifying the identities of users and services, basic Grid security mechanisms leave access control decisions
to services. The Grid community has developed authorization and access control tools for storing and providing
access to system-wide authorization information and for creating a central data store for supporting decentralized
control mechanisms.

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Basic Security Mechanisms
? Pre-Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A non-Web services implementation of the Grid
Security Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI
mechanisms
? Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A Web services implementation of the Grid Security

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Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI mechanisms

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Result:
Thus the program to develop a security application available in Globus toolkit was successfully executed.
Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a secured applications using a basic security
mechanisms available in Globus toolkit

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25 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Applications:
To provide easy acces to best breed open source network security

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1. What are the collective services available in grid computing?
2. What are the basic principles of autonomous computing?
3. What are the four essential characteristics of on demand business?

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4. What are the essential capabilities provided by on demand business?
5. What are the two most important technologies for building semantic webs?
6. Define Peer to Peer computing?
7. What is the combination of Globus GT3 toolkit?
8. What is a GT3 core?

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9. What are the components available in service model?
10. Define WS-Trust
11. Define WS ?Federation
12. Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
13. Who are the actors in CDC?

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14. Mention the scenarios in CDC?
15. What are the functional requirements of CDC on OGSA?

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Viva-voce


26 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 06: DEVELOP A GRID PORTAL, WHERE USER CAN SUBMIT
A JOB AND GET THE RESULT, IMPLEMENT IT WITH AND WITHOUT
GRAM CONCEPT.
Aim:

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To develop a Grid portal and implement it with and without GRAM concept
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
Multiple times that the likely user interface to grid applications will be through portals, specifically Web portals. A grid
portal may be constructed as a Web page interface to provide easy access to grid applications. The Web user
interface provides user authentication, job submission, job monitoring, and results of the job.

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Globus Resource Allocation Manager (GRAM)
When a job is submitted by a client, the request is sent to the remote host and handled by a gatekeeper daemon.
The gatekeeper creates a job manager to start and monitor the job. When the job is finished, the job manager
sends the status information back to the client and terminates.
The GRAM subsystem consists of the following elements:

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? The globusrun command and associated APIs Resource Specification Language (RSL)
? The gatekeeper daemon The job manager Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator (DUROC)
Each of these elements are described briefly below.
The globusrun command
The globusrun command (or its equivalent API) submits a job to a resource within the grid. This command

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is typically passed an RSL string (see below) that specifies parameters and other properties required to successfully
launch and run the job


27 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Resource Specification Language (RSL)
RSL is a language used by clients to specify the job to be run. All job submission requests are described in an RSL
string that includes information such as the executable file; its parameters; information about redirection of stdin,
stdout, and stderr; and so on. Basically it provides a standard way of specifying all of the information required to

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execute a job, independent of the target environment. It is then the responsibility of the job manager on the target
system to parse the information and launch the job in the appropriate way.
The syntax of RSL is very straightforward. Each statement is enclosed within parenthesis. Comments are
designated with parenthesis and asterisks, for example, (* this is a comment *). Supported attributes include the
following:

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rsl_substitution: Defines variables
executable: The script or command to be run
arguments: Information or flags to be passed to the executable
stdin: Specifies the remote URL and local file used for the executable stdout: Specifies the remote file to place
standard output from the job stderr: Specifies the remote file to place standard error from the job queue: Specifies the

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queue to submit the job (requires a scheduler) count: Specifies the number of executions
directory: Specifies the directory to run the job
project: Specifies a project account for the job (requires a scheduler) dryRun: Verifies the RSL string but
does not run the job
maxMemory: Specifies the maximum amount of memory in MBs required for the job

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minMemory: Specifies the minimum amount of memory in MBs required for the job
hostCount: Specifies the number of nodes in a cluster required for the job environment: Specifies environment
variables that are required for the job
jobType: Specifies the type of job single process, multi-process, mpi, or condor
maxTime: Specifies the maximum execution wall or cpu time for one execution

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maxWallTime: Specifies the maximum walltime for one execution maxCpuTime: Specifies the maximum
cpu time for one execution
gramMyjob: Specifies the whether the gram myjob interface starts one process/thread (independent) or more
(collective)

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28 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to develop Grid Portal was successfully executed.

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29 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid portal and implement it with and
without GRAM concept
Application:

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? It is useful and necessary for interfaces for the performance of operations on the Grid. The Grid
Portal Development Kit (GPDK) facilitates the development of Grid portals and provides several key
reusable components for accessing various Grid services.
? A Grid Portal provides a customizable interface allowing scientists to perform a variety of Grid
operations including remote program submission, file staging, and querying of information services

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from a single, secure gateway.
? The Grid Portal Development Kit leverages off existing Globus/Grid middleware infrastructure as
well as commodity web technology including Java Server Pages and servlets .

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1) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?
2) What are the major goals of OGSA?
3) What are the more specific goals of OGSA?
4) What are the main purposes of use case defined by OGSA?

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5) Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
6) What are the layers available in OGSA architectural organizations?
7) What are the OGSA basic services?
8) What are the two aspects involved in GRAM?
9) What are the two kinds of lifecycle model associated with state data recovery?

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10) What is a GT3 core?
11) What are the major components of default server side framework?
12) What is Grid container?
13) What are the two levels of security available in GT3?
14) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?

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15) What are the two different message-level authentication mechanisms provided by GT3 framework?
16) What are the most common GT3 security handlers?
Viva-voce

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30 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

INTRODUCTION TO CLOUD COMPUTING

What is cloud computing?

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Cloud computing means that instead of all the computer hardware and software you're using sitting on your
desktop, or somewhere inside your company's network, it's provided for you as a service by another company and
accessed over the Internet, usually in a completely seamless way. Exactly where the hardware and software is
located and how it all works doesn't matter to you, the user?it's just somewhere up in the nebulous "cloud" that the
Internet represents.

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Cloud computing is a buzzword that means different things to different people. For some, it's just another way of
describing IT (information technology) "outsourcing"; others use it to mean any computing service provided over the
Internet or a similar network; and some define it as any bought-in computer service you use that sits outside your
firewall.
Types of cloud computing

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IT people talk about three different kinds of cloud computing, where different services are being provided for you.
Note that there's a certain amount of vagueness about how these things are defined and some overlap between
them.
? Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) means you're buying access to raw computing hardware over the Net,
such as servers or storage. Since you buy what you need and pay-as-you-go, this is often referred to as

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utility computing. Ordinary web hosting is a simple example of IaaS: you pay a monthly subscription or a
per-megabyte/gigabyte fee to have a hosting company serve up files for your website from their servers.
? Software as a Service (SaaS) means you use a complete application running on someone else's system.
Web-based email and Google Documents are perhaps the best-known examples. Zoho is another well-
known SaaS provider offering a variety of office applications online.

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? Platform as a Service (PaaS) means you develop applications using Web-based tools so they run on
systems software and hardware provided by another company. So, for example, you might develop your
own ecommerce website but have the whole thing, including the shopping cart, checkout, and payment
mechanism running on a merchant's server. App Cloud (from salesforce.com) and the Google App Engine
are examples of PaaS.

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Advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing
Advantages
The pros of cloud computing are obvious and compelling. If your business is selling books or repairing shoes,
why get involved in the nitty gritty of buying and maintaining a complex computer system? If you run an insurance
office, do you really want your sales agents wasting time running anti-virus software, upgrading word-processors, or

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worrying about hard-drive crashes? Do you really want them cluttering your expensive computers with their personal


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emails, illegally shared MP3 files, and naughty YouTube videos?when you could leave that responsibility to
someone else? Cloud computing allows you to buy in only the services you want, when you want them, cutting the
upfront capital costs of computers and peripherals. You avoid equipment going out of date and other familiar IT
problems like ensuring system security and reliability. You can add extra services (or take them away) at a moment's
notice as your business needs change. It's really quick and easy to add new applications or services to your

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business without waiting weeks or months for the new computer (and its software) to arrive.
Drawbacks
Instant convenience comes at a price. Instead of purchasing computers and software, cloud computing means you
buy services, so one-off, upfront capital costs become ongoing operating costs instead. That might work out much
more expensive in the long-term.

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If you're using software as a service (for example, writing a report using an online word processor or sending emails
through webmail), you need a reliable, high-speed, broadband Internet connection functioning the whole time you're
working. That's something we take for granted in countries such as the United States, but it's much more of an issue
in developing countries or rural areas where broadband is unavailable.
An Introduction to Cloud Computing with OpenNebula

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An OpenNebula Private Cloud provides infrastructure users with an elastic platform for fast delivery and scalability of
services to meet dynamic demands of service end-users. Services are hosted in VMs, and then submitted,
monitored and controlled in the Cloud by using Sunstone or any of the OpenNebula interfaces:
? Command Line Interface (CLI)
? XML-RPC API

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? OpenNebulaRuby and Java Cloud APIs
The aim of a Private Cloud is not to expose to the world a cloud interface to sell capacity over the Internet, but to
provide local cloud users and administrators with a flexible and agile private infrastructure to run virtualized service
workloads within the administrative domain. OpenNebula virtual infrastructure interfaces expose user and
administrator functionality for virtualization, networking, image and physical resource configuration, management,

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monitoring and accounting.

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32 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No.1: FIND PROCEDURE TO RUN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE OF
DIFFERENT CONFIGURATION. CHECK HOW MANY VIRTUAL
MACHINES CAN BE UTILIZED AT PARTICULAR TIME.

Aim:

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To Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be
utilized at particular time
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

Creating Virtual Machines
In OpenNebula the Virtual Machines are defined with Template files. The Template Repository system allows

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OpenNebula administrators and users to register Virtual Machine definitions in the system, to be instantiated later as
Virtual Machine instances. These Templates can be instantiated several times, and also shared with other users.
Virtual Machine Model
A Virtual Machine within the OpenNebula system consists of:
? A capacity in terms memory and CPU

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? A set of NICs attached to one or more virtual networks
? A set of disk images
? A state file (optional) or recovery file, that contains the memory image of a running VM plus some hypervisor
specific information.
The above items, plus some additional VM attributes like the OS kernel and context information to be used inside the

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VM, are specified in a template file.
Defining a VM in 3 Steps
Virtual Machines are defined in an OpenNebula Template. Templates are stored in a repository to easily browse and
instantiate VMs from them. To create a new Template you have to define 3 things

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33 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

? Capacity & Name, how big will the VM be?
Attribute Description Mandatory Default

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NAME Name that the VM will get for description purposes. Yes one-
MEMORY Amount of RAM required for the VM, in Megabytes. Yes
CPU CPU ratio (e..g half a physical CPU is 0.5). Yes
VCPU Number of virtual cpus. No 1
Disks. Each disk is defined with a DISK attribute. A VM can use three types of disk:

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? Use a persistent Image changes to the disk image will persist after the VM is shutdown.
? Use a non-persistent Image images are cloned, changes to the image will be lost.
? Volatile disks are created on the fly on the target host. After the VM is shutdown the disk is disposed.

Persistent and Clone Disks

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Attribute Description Mandatory Default
IMAGE_ID and IMAGE The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes
IMAGE_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No self
IMAGE_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No self
Volatile

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Attribute Description Mandatory Default
TYPE
Type of the disk: swap, fs. swap type will set the label to swap so it is
easier to mount and the context packages will automatically mount it.
Yes

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SIZE size in MB Yes
FORMAT
filesystem for fs images: ext2, ext3, etc. raw will not format the image. For
VMs to run on vmfs or vmwareshared configurations, the valid values are:
Yes

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34 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Attribute Description Mandatory Default

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vmdk_thin, vmdk_zeroedthick, vmdk_eagerzeroedthick

Network Interfaces. Each network interface of a VM is defined with the NIC attribute.
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
NETWORK_ID and NETWORK The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes

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NETWORK_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No Self
NETWORK_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No Self

The following example shows a VM Template file with a couple of disks and a network interface, also a VNC section
was added.

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NAME = test-vm
MEMORY = 128
CPU = 1

DISK = [ IMAGE = "Arch Linux" ]

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DISK = [ TYPE = swap,
SIZE = 1024 ]

NIC = [ NETWORK = "Public", NETWORK_UNAME="oneadmin" ]

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GRAPHICS = [
TYPE = "vnc",
LISTEN = "0.0.0.0"]
Simple templates can be also created using the command line instead of creating a template file. The parameters to
do this for onetemplate are:

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Parameter

Description
--namename Name for the VM

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--cpucpu CPU percentage reserved for the VM (1=100% one CPU)


35 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Parameter

Description
--vcpuvcpu Number of virtualized CPUs

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--archarch Architecture of the VM, e.g.: i386 or x86_64
--memorymemory Memory ammount given to the VM
--diskdisk0,disk1 Disks to attach. To use a disk owned by other user use user[disk]
--nicvnet0,vnet1 Networks to attach. To use a network owned by other user use user[network]
--rawstring

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Raw string to add to the template. Not to be confused with the RAW attribute. If you want
to provide more than one element, just include an enter inside quotes, instead of using
more than one -raw option
--vnc Add VNC server to the VM
--ssh[file]

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Add an ssh public key to the context. If the file is omited then the user variable
SSH_PUBLIC_KEY will be used.
--net_context Add network contextualization parameters
--contextline1,line2 * Lines to add to the context section
--bootdevice Select boot device (hd, fd, cdrom or network)

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A similar template as the previous example can be created with the following command:
$ onetemplate create --name test-vm --memory 128 --cpu 1 --disk "Arch Linux" --nic Public
Managing Virtual Machines
Assuming we have a VM Template registered called vm-example with ID 6, then we can instantiate the VM issuing
a:

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$ onetemplate list

ID USER GROUP NAME REGTIME
6 oneadminoneadminvm_example 09/28 06:44:07

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$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm


36 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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VM ID: 0
If the template has USER INPUTSdefined the CLI will prompt the user for these values:
$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm

There are some parameters that require user input.

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* (BLOG_TITLE) Blog Title:
* (DB_PASSWORD) Database Password:
VM ID: 0
Afterwards, the VM can be listed with the onevmlist command. You can also use the onevmtop command to list VMs

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continuously.
$ onevm list

ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME
0 oneadminoneadminmy_vm pend 0 0K 00 00:00:03

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After a Scheduling cycle, the VM will be automatically deployed. But the deployment can also be forced by oneadmin
using onevmdeploy:
$ onehost list

ID NAME RVM TCPU FCPU ACPU TMEM FMEM AMEM STAT

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2 testbed 0 800 800 800 16G 16G16G on
$ onevm deploy 0 2

$ onevm list

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ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME
0 oneadminoneadminmy_vmrunn 0 0K testbed 00 00:02:40

$ onevm show 0
VIRTUAL MACHINE 0 INFORMATION

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ID :0
NAME : my_vm
USER : oneadmin
GROUP : oneadmin

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STATE : ACTIVE
LCM_STATE : RUNNING

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START TIME : 04/14 09:00:24
END TIME : -
DEPLOY ID: : one-0
PERMISSIONS
OWNER : um-

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GROUP : ---
OTHER : ---
VIRTUAL MACHINE MONITORING
NET_TX : 13.05
NET_RX : 0

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USED MEMORY : 512
USED CPU : 0
VIRTUAL MACHINE TEMPLATE
VIRTUAL MACHINE HISTORY

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SEQ HOSTNAME REASON START TIME PTIME

0 testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00
testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00

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38 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:

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Thus the program to run virtual machines on different configuration was successfully executed & its utilization time is
checked in various machines.


39 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find procedure to run the virtual machine of different

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Configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
Applications:
? An advantage of virtualizing the workload?s I/O path enables hardware independence by
abstracting vendor specific drivers to more generalized versions that run on the hypervisor.
? It allows the live migration, which is one of virtualization?s greatest availability strengths

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? The sharing of aggregate resources, such as network paths



1. What is cloud computing?

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2. What are the benefits of cloud computing?
3. What are the different data types used in cloud computing?
4. What are the different layers in cloud computing?
5. What do you mean by software as a service?
6. What is on-demand functionality? How is it provided in cloud computing?

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7. What are the platforms used for large scale cloud computing?
8. What are the different models for deployment in cloud computing?
9. What is the difference between cloud computing and mobile computing?
10. What are the open source cloud computing platform databases?
11. What is the difference between cloud and traditional datacenters?

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12. Why API's is used in cloud services?
13. What are the different datacenters in cloud computing?
14. Define API in data virtualization?
15. List of API in cloud?
Viva-voce

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40 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No.02: FIND PROCEDURE TO ATTACH VIRTUAL BLOCK TO

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THE VIRTUAL MACHINE AND CHECK WHETHER IT HOLDS THE
DATA EVEN AFTER THE RELEASE OF THE VIRTUAL MACHINE.
Aim:
To find a procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even after the
release of the virtual machine

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos

Procedure:
VirtualBox uses a special kernel module called vboxdrv to perform physical memory allocation and to gain control of
the processor for guest system execution. Without this kernel module, you can still use the VirtualBox manager to

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configure virtual machines, but they will not start. In addition, there are the network kernel modules vboxnetflt and
vboxnetadp which are required for the more advanced networking features of VirtualBox.
The VirtualBox kernel module is automatically installed on your system when you install VirtualBox. To
maintain it with future kernel updates, for those Linux distributions which provide it -- most current ones -- we
recommend installing Dynamic Kernel Module Support (DKMS). This framework helps with building and upgrading

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kernel modules.
If DKMS is not already installed, execute one of the following:
On an Ubuntu system:
sudo apt-get install dkms
If DKMS is available and installed, the VirtualBox kernel module should always work automatically, and it will be

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automatically rebuilt if your host kernel is updated.
Otherwise, there are only two situations in which you will need to worry about the kernel module:
1. The original installation fails. This probably means that your Linux system is not prepared for building
external kernel modules.

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41 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Most Linux distributions can be set up simply by installing the right packages - normally, these will be the
GNU compiler (GCC), GNU Make (make) and packages containing header files for your kernel - and making

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sure that all system updates are installed and that the system is running the most up-to-date kernel included
in the distribution. The version numbers of the header file packages must be the same as that of the kernel
you are using.
? With Debian and Ubuntu releases, you must install the right version of the linux-headers and if it exists
the linux-kbuild package. Current Ubuntu releases should have the right packages installed by default.

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? In even older Debian and Ubuntu releases, you must install the right version of the kernel-headers
package.
? On Fedora and Redhat systems, the package is kernel-devel.
? On SUSE and openSUSE Linux, you must install the right versions of the kernel-source and kernel-syms
packages.

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? If you have built your own kernel, you will need to make sure that you also installed all the required
header and other files for building external modules to the right locations. The details of how to do
this will depend on how you built your kernel, and if you are unsure you should consult the
documentation which you followed to do so.
2. The kernel of your Linux host was updated and DKMS is not installed. In that case, the kernel module will

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need to be reinstalled by executing (as root):
rcvboxdrv setup
Performing the installation
VirtualBox is available in a number of package formats native to various common Linux distributions. In addition,
there is an alternative generic installer (.run) which should work on most Linux distributions.

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Installing VirtualBox from a Debian/Ubuntu package
First, download the appropriate package for your distribution. The following examples assume that you are installing
to a 32-bit Ubuntu Wily system. Use dpkg to install the Debian package:
sudodpkg -i virtualbox-5.0_5.0.20_Ubuntu_wily_i386.deb
The installer will also try to build kernel modules suitable for the current running kernel. If the build process is not

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successful you will be shown a warning and the package will be left unconfigured. Please have a look at /var/log/vbox-
install.log to find out why the compilation failed. You may have to install the appropriate Linux kernel After correcting
any problems, do

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42 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

sudorcvboxdrv setup
This will start a second attempt to build the module.
If a suitable kernel module was found in the package or the module was successfully built, the installation script will

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attempt to load that module.
Once VirtualBox has been successfully installed and configured, you can start it by selecting "VirtualBox" in your
start menu or from the command line.
Using the alternative installer (VirtualBox.run)
The alternative installer performs the following steps:

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? It unpacks the application files to the target directory,
/opt/VirtualBox/
which cannot be changed.
? It builds the VirtualBox kernel modules (vboxdrv, vboxnetflt and vboxnetadp) and installs them.
? It creates /sbin/rcvboxdrv, an init script to start the VirtualBox kernel module.

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? It creates a new system group called vboxusers.
? It creates symbolic links in /usr/bin to the a shell script (/opt/VirtualBox/VBox) which does some sanity checks
and dispatches to the actual executables, VirtualBox, VBoxSDL, VBoxVRDP, VBoxHeadless and VBoxManage
? It creates /etc/udev/rules.d/60-vboxdrv.rules, a description file for udev, if that is present, which makes the USB
devices accessible to all users in the vboxusers group.

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? It writes the installation directory to /etc/vbox/vbox.cfg.
The installer must be executed as root with either install or uninstall as the first parameter.
sudo ./VirtualBox.run install
Or if you do not have the "sudo" command available, run the following as root instead:
./VirtualBox.run install

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43 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

After that you need to put every user which should be able to access USB devices from VirtualBox guests in the

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group vboxusers, either through the GUI user management tools or by running the following command as root:
sudousermod -a -G vboxusers username
Performing a manual installation
If, for any reason, you cannot use the shell script installer described previously, you can also perform a manual
installation. Invoke the installer like this:

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./VirtualBox.run --keep --noexec
This will unpack all the files needed for installation in the directory install under the current directory. The VirtualBox
application files are contained in VirtualBox.tar.bz2 which you can unpack to any directory on your system. For
example:
sudomkdir /opt/VirtualBox

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sudo tar jxf ./install/VirtualBox.tar.bz2 -C /opt/VirtualBox
or as root:
mkdir /opt/VirtualBox
tarjxf ./install/VirtualBox.tar.bz2 -C /opt/VirtualBox
The sources for VirtualBox's kernel module are provided in the src directory. To build the module, change to the

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directory and issuemake
If everything builds correctly, issue the following command to install the module to the appropriate module directory:
sudo make install
In case you do not have sudo, switch the user account to root and performmake install
The VirtualBox kernel module needs a device node to operate. The above make command will tell you how to create

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the device node, depending on your Linux system. The procedure is slightly different for a classical Linux setup with
a /dev directory, a system with the now deprecated devfs and a modern Linux system with udev.
Note that the /dev/vboxdrv kernel module device node must be owned by root:root and must be read/writable only for
the user.Next, you will have to install the system initialization script for the kernel module:
cp /opt/VirtualBox/vboxdrv.sh /sbin/rcvboxdrv

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mkdir /etc/vbox
echo INSTALL_DIR=/opt/VirtualBox> /etc/vbox/vbox.cfg


44 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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and, for convenience, create the following symbolic links:
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VirtualBox
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxManage
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxHeadless

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ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxSDL

Sample Output:

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Result:
Thus the program to attach virtual block to virtual machine was successfully executed & checked whether it holds the

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data after the release of the virtual machine.


45 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find a procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual
machine and check whether it holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine

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Application:
? To support the Cloud Computing with the Virtual Block Store System. The fast development of cloud
computing systems stimulates the needs for a standalone block storage system to provide persistent
block storage services to virtual machines maintained by clouds.

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1. What is Type-1 and Type-2 hypervisor?
2. What is the use of virsh command?
3. Explain how you can transfer volume from one owner to another in Open Stack?

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4. Discuss about KVM Features?
5. What is Virtual block?
6. What is Virtualization?
7. What are virtual clusters?
8. How virtualization happens in data center?

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9. List some of the open source grid middleware packages.
10. What is a programming model?
11. What is Hadoop?
12. What are map and reduce functions?
13. How to run a job in hadoop?

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14. What is HDFS?
15. What are the open source grid middleware packages?
16. What is peer to peer computing?
17. What are node clusters?
18. How virtual migration happens in data center?

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Viva-voce


46 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No.03: INSTALL A C COMPILER IN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE AND
EXECUTE A SAMPLE PROGRAM.
Aim:
To Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Create a VM and Install any OS on it.

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2.Install a C compiler on OS
3.Open a Editor and type the sample program and Save.
4.Compile and run the Program
Example:
C programming on Linux based Environement

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1. Open Terminal (Applications-Accessories-Terminal)
2. Open gedit by typing ?gedit&? on terminal(You can also use any other Text Editor application)
3. Type the following on gedit
(or any other text editor)

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#include
main()
{
printf("Hello World\n");
}

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Save this file as
?helloworld. C?
5. Type ?ls? on Terminal to see all files under current folder
6. Confirm that ?helloworld.c? is in the current directory.
If not, type cd DIRECTORY_PATH to go to the

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directory that has ?helloworld.c?
7. Type ?gcchelloworld.c? to compile, and type ?ls? to
confirm that a new executable file ?a.out? is created
8. Type ?./a.out? on Terminal to run the program

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47 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to install a C complier is done and the sample program was executed successfully.

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48 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and
execute a sample program
Application:
The application of installing a C compiler in the virtual machine benefits to have a portable executable, for

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each platform.

1. What is the difference between Xen & KVM ?
2. What are different hypervisors available in Linux ?
3. Which command is used to list all virtual machine running on the KVM hypervisor ?

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4. What are the different states of a VM in Xen hypervisor ?
5. How to forcefully shutdown the KVM based virtual machine from the command line ?
6. What is virtual Machine?
7. What is Compiler?
8. What is Directory?

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9. List the C Compilers available?
10. What is virtualization?
11. List out VM operations
12. What are different hypervisors available in windows?
13. How to implement applications on the cloud to install C compiler?

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14. What are grid and cloud tools available?
15. What is hypervisor?
Viva-voce

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49 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No.04: SHOW THE VIRTUAL MACHINE MIGRATION BASED ON
THE CERTAIN CONDITION FROM ONE NODE TO THE OTHER.

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Aim:
To Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other

Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

Procedure:
1.Update source and target virtual machines to latest package versions

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To help ensure that platform images between cloud providers are running the same version of key operating system
packages, update these packages to the latest versions on both source and target virtual machines.
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
2. Install rsync and screen packages on source and target virtual machines

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The migration of application packages and files in this process will use rsync over ssh between source and target
virtual machines. The actual transfer of files between virtual machines can take some time, so I also recommend
using screen so that you can easily re-attach to an in-progress migration session if you are inadvertently
disconnected.
Ensure that rsync and screen packages are installed on both the source and target virtual machines with these

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commands:
sudo apt-get install rsync
sudo apt-get install screen
3. Add a consistent user account to both source and target virtual machines
To facilitate the migration process, ensure that you have a consistent user account configured on both source and

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target virtual machines with sudo enabled. The newly provisioned target virtual machines from Task 3 already


50 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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include a user named azureuser with sudo enabled. To configure this same user on each source virtual machine,
use the following commands:
sudogroupadd -g 500 azureuser
sudouseradd -u 500 -g 500 -m -s /bin/bash azureuser
sudopasswdazureuser

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4. Start a screen session for the migration
On the source virtual machine, enter a new screen session for the migration by using the following command:
sudo screen -S AzureMigration
If you are disconnected from the source virtual machine during the migration process, you can reconnect to the
detached screen session by using the following command after signing in again to the source virtual machine:

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sudo screen -r
5. Build an exclusion list of directories and files
During the migration, we want to be careful to skip any files that include configuration information relating to the
identity of the source virtual machines, such as IP addresses, hostnames, ssh keys, etc. For the Ubuntu-based
virtual machines that we migrated, we used the following commands on each source virtual machine to build our

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list of directories and files to exclude from the migration process:
EXCLUDEFILE=/tmp/exclude.file
EXCLUDELIST='/boot /etc/fstab /etc/hostname /etc/issue /etc/hosts
/etc/sudoers /etc/networks /etc/network/* /etc/resolv.conf
/etc/ssh/* /etc/sysctl.conf /etc/mtab /etc/udev/rules.d/*

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/lock /net /tmp'
EXCLUDEPATH=$(echo $EXCLUDELIST | sed 's/\ /\\n/g')
echo -e $EXCLUDEPATH > $EXCLUDEFILE
find / -name '*cloud-init*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE
find / -name '*cloud-config*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE

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find / -name '*cloud-final*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE


51 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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The actual list of directories and files that you exclude may vary from this list, based on the Linux distro version,
packages and applications that you are migrating.
Credits: Kudos to Kevin Carter who wrote a great article a couple years ago that provided a useful starting point for
building a list of directories and files to consider excluding as part of a Linux-to-Linux migration process!
6. Stop applications during migration

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To minimize application data changes from occurring during the migration process, stop the related applications and
daemons on the source virtual machines. The application that we migrated was a web application built using
Apache2, so we simply stopped the related Apache2 daemon.
sudo service stop apache2
7. Migrate the application files and data

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From each source virtual machine, migrate application files and data using two rsync passes over ssh. The first
pass performs the bulk of the data transfer, whereas the second pass uses checksums to confirm that all files were
transferred successfully.
TARGETVM="insert_target_vm_public_ip_address"
rsync -e "ssh" -rlpEAXogDtSzh -P -x ?exclude-from="$EXCLUDEFILE" ?rsync-path="sudorsync" ?

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verbose ?progress / azureuser@$TARGETVM:/
rsync -e "ssh" -crlpEAXogDtSzh -P -x ?exclude-from="$EXCLUDEFILE" ?rsync-path="sudorsync" ?
verbose ?progress / azureuser@$TARGETVM:/
8. Restart each target virtual machine
After both rsync passes have completed, restart each target virtual machine to complete the migration

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process.
sshazureuser@$TARGETVM
shutdown -r now

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52 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:

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Thus the program to implement migration of virtual machine was executed successfully.


53 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to Show the virtual machine migration based on the
certain condition from one node to the other

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Application:
? Its easier to migrate a Virtual Machine from one server to another, than migrating the operating
system and application(s) individually.
? Using Virtual Machine Migration, its possible to migrate operating systems and applications from
older servers to newer servers easily and without disrupting the services.

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1. What are the basic requirements of VM live migration in KVM?
2. Which command is used in KVM for VMs live migration?
3. How to get hardware information of KVM guest machine?
4. What is VM migration?

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5. Which type of virtualization is also characteristic of cloud computing ?
6. Which virtualization standard does the WebSphere Application Server Hypervisor Edition use?
7.Which three tools are included in the IBM Rational Jazz Collaborative Application Lifecycle
Management (C/ALM) solution?
8. What are two ways a public cloud helps customers reduce their IT costs?

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9.What functionality is provided by the IBM Security Network Intrusion Prevention System Virtual
Appliance for a cloud environment?
10. What are two important benefits of using cloud computing?
11. What is the value of IBM Security Information and Event Manager in a cloud provider environment?
12. What is the main purpose of an IBM CloudBurst solution?

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Viva-voce


54 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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EX.NO.5: PROCEDURE TO INSTALL STORAGE CONTROLLER AND
INTERACT WITH IT.
Aim:
Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:

To install Storage Control, follow these steps.
Ensure that Systems Director 6.3 is installed and running.

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Ensure that you are logged in to Systems Director with a user ID that has administrative privileges.
Windows only: Restart the DB2 Management server.
a) Go to Start >Administrative Tools >Services.
b) Select DB2 Management Service from the services window and restart it.
If you want to download and install Storage Control, go to step 5. If you want to install Storage Control from read-

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only media, such as a CD or mounted .iso image, go to step 8.
From the Systems Director summary page, click the link Try Storage Control in the upper right corner.
A download page opens. Download the appropriate file for your operating system.
7.Extract the files to the directory where you want to install Storage Control, then go to step 9.
8. Copy the Storage Control installer directory from the CD or the mounted .iso image into a temporary directory

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close to the system root. For example, /SCInstall for AIX or Linux and C:\SCInstall for Windows.
9. Access a command window and navigate to the directory where you extracted the files or where you copied
the installer directory. Run the appropriate script. If you do not want the license agreement to display, use the -
ioption when you run the script. For example, StorageControlInstall.sh -i.
Important: If you are not using IBM DB2 managed by Systems Director, then

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the DB2 user ID used must have DB2 Administrator privileges.
On Microsoft Windows systems, run the script StorageControlInstall.bat.


55 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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On Linux and AIX systems, run the script StorageControlInstall.sh.
10. Restart Systems Director as directed.

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Result:
Thus the program to install storage controller was executed successfully.

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56 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find procedure to install storage controller and
interact with it
Application:
A controller offers a level of abstraction between an operating system and the physical drives. A RAID

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controller presents groups to applications and operating systems as logical units for which data protection
schemes can be defined.

1. What is a snapshot?
2. What is Thick Provision Lazy Zeroed?

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3. What is Thick Provision Eager Zeroed?
4. What is Thin Provision?
5. What is VDI?
6. What is storage vMotion?
7. How many virtual CPUs can I use on a Fault Tolerant virtual machine?

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8. What is the use of vmware tools?
9. What happens if vCenter Server is offline when a failover event occurs?
10. What are the monitoring methods used for vSphere HA?
11. What are the roles of a master host in vSphere HA?
12. What is the hardware version used in VMware ESXi 5.5?

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13. What is server virtualization?
14. What is Network Virtualization?
15. What is template?
Viva-Voce

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57 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


EX.NO.6: PROCEDURE TO SET UP ONE HADOOP CLUSTER

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Aim:
To Find a procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
Follow the steps given below to have Hadoop Multi-Node cluster setup.
Installing Java

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Java is the main prerequisite for Hadoop. First of all, you should verify the existence of java in your system using
?java -version?. The syntax of java version command is given below.
$ java-version
If everything works fine it will give you the following output.
java version "1.7.0_71"

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Java(TM) SE RuntimeEnvironment(build 1.7.0_71-b13)
JavaHotSpot(TM)Client VM (build 25.0-b02, mixed mode)
If java is not installed in your system, then follow the given steps for installing java.
1. Download java (JDK - X64.tar.gz) by visiting the following link
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk7-downloads-1880260.html

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Then jdk-7u71-linux-x64.tar.gz will be downloaded into your system.
2. Generally you will find the downloaded java file in Downloads folder. Verify it and extract the jdk-7u71-linux-
x64.gz file using the following commands.
$ cdDownloads/
$ ls

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jdk-7u71-Linux-x64.gz
$ tar zxf jdk-7u71-Linux-x64.gz
$ ls
jdk1.7.0_71 jdk-7u71-Linux-x64.gz

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58 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

3. To make java available to all the users, you have to move it to the location ?/usr/local/?. Open the root, and type
the following commands.

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$ su
password:
# mv jdk1.7.0_71 /usr/local/
# exit
4. For setting up PATH and JAVA_HOME variables, add the following commands to ~/.bashrc file.

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export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.7.0_71
export PATH=PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
Now verify the java -version command from the terminal as explained above. Follow the above process and install
java in all your cluster nodes.
Creating User Account

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Create a system user account on both master and slave systems to use the Hadoop installation.
# useraddhadoop
# passwdhadoop
Mapping the nodes
You have to edit hosts file in /etc/ folder on all nodes, specify the IP address of each system followed by their host

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names.
# vi /etc/hosts
enter the following lines in the /etc/hosts file.
192.168.1.109hadoop-master
192.168.1.145 hadoop-slave-1

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192.168.56.1 hadoop-slave-2
Configuring Key Based Login
Setup ssh in every node such that they can communicate with one another without any prompt for password.
# suhadoop
$ ssh-keygen-t rsa

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$ ssh-copy-id-i~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub tutorialspoint@hadoop-master
$ ssh-copy-id-i~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop_tp1@hadoop-slave-1
$ ssh-copy-id-i~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop_tp2@hadoop-slave-2
$ chmod0600~/.ssh/authorized_keys
$ exit

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Installing Hadoop
In the Master server, download and install Hadoop using the following commands.
# mkdir /opt/hadoop
# cd /opt/hadoop/
# wget http://apache.mesi.com.ar/hadoop/common/hadoop-1.2.1/hadoop-1.2.0.tar.gz

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# tar -xzf hadoop-1.2.0.tar.gz
# mv hadoop-1.2.0 hadoop


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# chown -R hadoop /opt/hadoop
# cd /opt/hadoop/hadoop/
Configuring Hadoop
You have to configure Hadoop server by making the following changes as given below.

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core-site.xml

Open the core-site.xml file and edit it as shown below.

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fs.default.name
hdfs://hadoop-master:9000/


dfs.permissions

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false


hdfs-site.xml
Open the hdfs-site.xml file and edit it as shown below.

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dfs.data.dir
/opt/hadoop/hadoop/dfs/name/data
true

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dfs.name.dir
/opt/hadoop/hadoop/dfs/name

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true



dfs.replication

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1


mapred-site.xml
Open the mapred-site.xml file and edit it as shown below.

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mapred.job.tracker
hadoop-master:9001

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hadoop-env.sh
Open the hadoop-env.sh file and edit JAVA_HOME, HADOOP_CONF_DIR, and HADOOP_OPTS as shown below.
Note: Set the JAVA_HOME as per your system configuration.
export JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk1.7.0_17 export HADOOP_OPTS=-Djava.net.preferIPv4Stack=trueexport
HADOOP_CONF_DIR=/opt/hadoop/hadoop/conf

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Installing Hadoop on Slave Servers
Install Hadoop on all the slave servers by following the given commands.
# suhadoop
$ cd/opt/hadoop
$ scp-r hadoop hadoop-slave-1:/opt/hadoop

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$ scp-r hadoop hadoop-slave-2:/opt/hadoop
Configuring Hadoop on Master Server
Open the master server and configure it by following the given commands.
# suhadoop
$ cd/opt/hadoop/hadoop

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Configuring Master Node
$ vietc/hadoop/masters
hadoop-master
Configuring Slave Node
$ vietc/hadoop/slaves

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hadoop-slave-1
hadoop-slave-2
Format Name Node on Hadoop Master
# suhadoop
$ cd/opt/hadoop/hadoop

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$ bin/hadoopnamenode?format
11/10/1410:58:07 INFO namenode.NameNode:
STARTUP_MSG:/************************************************************
STARTUP_MSG: Starting NameNode
STARTUP_MSG: host = hadoop-master/192.168.1.109

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STARTUP_MSG: args = [-format]
STARTUP_MSG: version = 1.2.0
STARTUP_MSG: build = https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/hadoop/common/branches/branch-1.2 -r 1479473;
compiled by 'hortonfo' on Mon May 6 06:59:37 UTC 2013

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STARTUP_MSG: java = 1.7.0_71 ************************************************************/11/10/1410:58:08 INFO
util.GSet:Computing capacity for map BlocksMapeditlog=/opt/hadoop/hadoop/dfs/name/current/edits

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?.
?.
?.11/10/1410:58:08 INFO common.Storage:Storage directory
/opt/hadoop/hadoop/dfs/name has been successfully formatted.11/10/1410:58:08 INFO namenode.NameNode:
SHUTDOWN_MSG:/************************************************************ SHUTDOWN_MSG: Shutting down

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NameNode at hadoop-master/192.168.1.15 ************************************************************/
Starting Hadoop Services
The following command is to start all the Hadoop services on the Hadoop-Master.
$ cd $HADOOP_HOME/sbin
$ start-all.sh

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Adding a New DataNode in the Hadoop Cluster
Given below are the steps to be followed for adding new nodes to a Hadoop cluster.
Networking
Add new nodes to an existing Hadoop cluster with some appropriate network configuration. Assume the following
network configuration.

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For New node Configuration:
IP address :192.168.1.103
netmask:255.255.255.0
hostname : slave3.in
Adding User and SSH Access

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Add a User
On a new node, add "hadoop" user and set password of Hadoop user to "hadoop123" or anything you want by using
the following commands.
useraddhadoop
passwdhadoop

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Setup Password less connectivity from master to new slave.
Execute the following on the master
mkdir-p $HOME/.ssh
chmod700 $HOME/.ssh
ssh-keygen-t rsa-P ''-f $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa

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cat $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys
chmod644 $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys
Copy the public key to new slave node inhadoop user $HOME directory
scp $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop@192.168.1.103:/home/hadoop/
Execute the following on the slaves

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Login to hadoop. If not, login to hadoop user.


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suhadoopssh-X hadoop@192.168.1.103
Copy the content of public key into file "$HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys" and then change the permission for the
same by executing the following commands.
cd $HOME
mkdir-p $HOME/.ssh

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chmod700 $HOME/.ssh
cat id_rsa.pub >>$HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys
chmod644 $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys
Check ssh login from the master machine. Now check if you can ssh to the new node without a password from the
master.

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ssh hadoop@192.168.1.103or hadoop@slave3
Set Hostname of New Node
You can set hostname in file /etc/sysconfig/network
Onnew slave3 machine
NETWORKING=yes

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HOSTNAME=slave3.in
To make the changes effective, either restart the machine or run hostname command to a new machine with the
respective hostname (restart is a good option).
On slave3 node machine:
hostname slave3.in

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Update /etc/hosts on all machines of the cluster with the following lines:
192.168.1.102 slave3.in slave3
Now try to ping the machine with hostnames to check whether it is resolving to IP or not.
On new node machine:
ping master.in

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Start the DataNode on New Node
Start the datanode daemon manually using $HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoop-daemon.sh script. It will automatically
contact the master (NameNode) and join the cluster. We should also add the new node to the conf/slaves file in the
master server. The script-based commands will recognize the new node.
Login to new node

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suhadooporssh-X hadoop@192.168.1.103
Start HDFS on a newly added slave node by using the following command
./bin/hadoop-daemon.sh start datanode

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Check the output of jps command on a new node. It looks as follows.
$ jps
7141DataNode

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10312Jps
Removing a DataNode from the Hadoop Cluster
We can remove a node from a cluster on the fly, while it is running, without any data loss. HDFS provides a
decommissioning feature, which ensures that removing a node is performed safely. To use it, follow the steps as
given below:

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1. Login to master
Login to master machine user where Hadoop is installed.
$ suhadoop
2 Change cluster configuration
An exclude file must be configured before starting the cluster. Add a key named dfs.hosts.exclude to our

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$HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml file. The value associated with this key provides the full path to a file
on the NameNode's local file system which contains a list of machines which are not permitted to connect to HDFS.
For example, add these lines to etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml file.

dfs.hosts.exclude

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/home/hadoop/hadoop-1.2.1/hdfs_exclude.txt

DFS exclude

3. Determine hosts to decommission

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Each machine to be decommissioned should be added to the file identified by the hdfs_exclude.txt, one domain
name per line. This will prevent them from connecting to the NameNode. Content of the "/home/hadoop/hadoop-
1.2.1/hdfs_exclude.txt" file is shown below, if you want to remove DataNode2.slave2.in
4. Force configuration reload
Run the command "$HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoopdfsadmin -refreshNodes" without the quotes.

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$ $HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoopdfsadmin-refreshNodes
This will force the NameNode to re-read its configuration, including the newly updated ?excludes? file. It will
decommission the nodes over a period of time, allowing time for each node's blocks to be replicated onto machines
which are scheduled to remain active.On slave2.in, check the jps command output. After some time, you will see the
DataNode process is shutdown automatically.

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5. Shutdown nodes
After the decommission process has been completed, the decommissioned hardware can be safely shut down for
maintenance. Run the report command to dfsadmin to check the status of decommission. The following command
will describe the status of the decommission node and the connected nodes to the cluster.

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$ $HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoopdfsadmin-report
6. Edit excludes file again

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Once the machines have been decommissioned, they can be removed from the ?excludes? file. Running
"$HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoopdfsadmin -refreshNodes" again will read the excludes file back into the
NameNode; allowing the DataNodes to rejoin the cluster after the maintenance has been completed, or additional
capacity is needed in the cluster again, etc.

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Result:
Thus the program to install storage controller was executed successfully.


65 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find a procedure to set up the one node Hadoop

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cluster
Application:
Many organisations are required to deal with large data sets. To handle the large data sets these organisations
use hadoop cluster. But they need to set up hadoop cluster with different number of nodes several times.

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1) What is Big Data?
2) What are the four characteristics of Big Data?
3) What are real-time industry applications of Hadoop?
4) What all modes Hadoop can be run in?

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5) What are the most common Input Formats in Hadoop?
6) Define DataNode
7) What are the core methods of a Reducer?
8) What is Job Tracker role in Hadoop?
9) What is the use of RecordReader in Hadoop?

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10) What companies use Hadoop, any idea?
11) Why do we need Hadoop?
12) What is the basic difference between traditional RDBMS and Hadoop?

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Viva-Voce


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EX.NO.07: MOUNT THE ONE NODE HADOOP CLUSTER USING FUSE

Aim:
To Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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Interfaces
Following are the important interfaces:
? Client<-->ResourceManager
By using YarnClient objects.
? ApplicationMaster<-->ResourceManager

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By using AMRMClientAsync objects, handling events asynchronously by
AMRMClientAsync.CallbackHandler
? ApplicationMaster<-->NodeManager
Launch containers. Communicate with NodeManagers by using NMClientAsync objects, handling container
events by NMClientAsync.CallbackHandler

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Writing a Simple Yarn Application
Writing a simple Client
? The first step that a client needs to do is to initialize and start a YarnClient.
? YarnClientyarnClient = YarnClient.createYarnClient();
? yarnClient.init(conf);

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67 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

? yarnClient.start();

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? Once a client is set up, the client needs to create an application, and get its application id.
? YarnClientApplication app = yarnClient.createApplication();
? GetNewApplicationResponseappResponse = app.getNewApplicationResponse();
? The response from the YarnClientApplication for a new application also contains information about the
cluster such as the minimum/maximum resource capabilities of the cluster. This is required so that to ensure

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that you can correctly set the specifications of the container in which the ApplicationMaster would be
launched. Please refer to GetNewApplicationResponse for more details.
? The main crux of a client is to setup the ApplicationSubmissionContext which defines all the information
needed by the RM to launch the AM. A client needs to set the following into the context:
? Application info: id, name

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? Queue, priority info: Queue to which the application will be submitted, the priority to be assigned for the
application.
? User: The user submitting the application
? ContainerLaunchContext: The information defining the container in which the AM will be launched and run.
The ContainerLaunchContext, as mentioned previously, defines all the required information needed to run

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the application such as the local *Resources (binaries, jars, files etc.), Environment settings (CLASSPATH
etc.), the Command to be executed and security T*okens (RECT).
The ApplicationReport received from the RM consists of the following:
? General application information: Application id, queue to which the application was submitted, user who
submitted the application and the start time for the application.

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? ApplicationMaster details: the host on which the AM is running, the rpc port (if any) on which it is
listening for requests from clients and a token that the client needs to communicate with the AM.


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? Application tracking information: If the application supports some form of progress tracking, it can set a
tracking url which is available via ApplicationReport?sgetTrackingUrl() method that a client can look at to
monitor progress.
? Application status: The state of the application as seen by the ResourceManager is available via

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ApplicationReport#getYarnApplicationState. If the YarnApplicationState is set to FINISHED, the client
should refer to ApplicationReport#getFinalApplicationStatus to check for the actual success/failure of the
application task itself. In case of failures, ApplicationReport#getDiagnostics may be useful to shed some
more light on the the failure.
? If the ApplicationMaster supports it, a client can directly query the AM itself for progress updates via the

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host:rpcport information obtained from the application report. It can also use the tracking url obtained
from the report if available.
? In certain situations, if the application is taking too long or due to other factors, the client may wish to kill
the application. YarnClient supports the killApplication call that allows a client to send a kill signal to the
AM via the ResourceManager. An ApplicationMaster if so designed may also support an abort call via its

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rpc layer that a client may be able to leverage.
? yarnClient.killApplication(appId);
Writing an ApplicationMaster (AM)
? The AM is the actual owner of the job. It will be launched by the RM and via the client will be provided
all the necessary information and resources about the job that it has been tasked with to oversee and

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complete.
? As the AM is launched within a container that may (likely will) be sharing a physical host with other
containers, given the multi-tenancy nature, amongst other issues, it cannot make any assumptions of
things like pre-configured ports that it can listen on.
? When the AM starts up, several parameters are made available to it via the environment. These

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include the ContainerId for the AM container, the application submission time and details about the


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NM (NodeManager) host running the ApplicationMaster. Ref ApplicationConstants for parameter
names.
? All interactions with the RM require an ApplicationAttemptId (there can be multiple attempts per
application in case of failures). The ApplicationAttemptIdcan be obtained from the AM?s container id.
There are helper APIs to convert the value obtained from the environment into objects.

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? In setupContainerAskForRM(), the follow two things need some set up:
? Resource capability: Currently, YARN supports memory based resource requirements so the request
should define how much memory is needed. The value is defined in MB and has to less than the max
capability of the cluster and an exact multiple of the min capability. Memory resources correspond to
physical memory limits imposed on the task containers. It will also support computation based

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resource (vCore), as shown in the code.
? Priority: When asking for sets of containers, an AM may define different priorities to each set. For
example, the Map-Reduce AM may assign a higher priority to containers needed for the Map tasks
and a lower priority for the Reduce tasks? containers.
? After container allocation requests have been sent by the application manager, contailers will be

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launched asynchronously, by the event handler of the AMRMClientAsync client. The handler should
implement AMRMClientAsync.CallbackHandler interface.
? When there are containers allocated, the handler sets up a thread that runs the code to launch
containers. Here we use the name LaunchContainerRunnable to demonstrate. We will talk about the
LaunchContainerRunnable class in the following part of this article.

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? heNMClientAsync object, together with its event handler, handles container events. Including
container start, stop, status update, and occurs an error.
? After the ApplicationMaster determines the work is done, it needs to unregister itself through the AM-
RM client, and then stops the client.

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Result:
Thus the procedure to mount the one node hadoop cluster using FUSE was executed successfully.
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

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0 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

College o f Engineering
?

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DEPARTMENT OF
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

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CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
VII SEMESTER - R 2013

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Name : ______________________________________
Reg. No. : ______________________________________
Section : ______________________________________
LABORATORY MANUAL

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1 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

DHANALAKSHMI

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is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and enterprising
professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and training.

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? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic Excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart and
soul

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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

To strive for acquiring, applying and imparting knowledge in Computer Science and Engineering through quality
education and to provide enthusiastic professionals with commitment

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? To produce highly competent and globally employable engineers in the field of Computer Science and
Engineering
? To inculcate human values among the student community and make them realize their commitment to the society
? To exhibit excellence in pursuit of research and innovative products with a zeal to serve the society

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VISION
VISION
MISSION

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MISSION


2 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)
1. Fundamentals
To provide students with a solid foundation in Mathematics, Science and fundamentals of engineering, enabling
them to apply, to find solutions for engineering problems and use this knowledge to acquire higher education
2. Core Competence

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To train the students in Computer science and engineering technologies so that they apply their knowledge and
training to compare, and to analyze various engineering industrial problems to find solutions
3. Breadth
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice this enables them to
find solutions for the real time problems in industry, and to design products

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4. Professionalism
To inculcate professional and effective communication skills, leadership qualities and team spirit in the students
to make them multi-faceted personalities and develop their ability to relate engineering issues to broader social
context
5. Lifelong Learning/Ethics

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To demonstrate and practice ethical and professional responsibilities in the industry and society in the large,
through commitment and lifelong learning needed for successful professional career

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4


PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)
a) To demonstrate and apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in

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Electronics and Communication Engineering field
b) To design a component, a system or a process to meet the specific needs within the realistic constraints
such as economics, environment, ethics, health, safety and manufacturability
c) To demonstrate the competency to use software tools for computation, simulation and testing of electronics and
communication engineering circuits

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d) To identify, formulate and solve electronic and communication engineering problems
e) To demonstrate an ability to visualize and work on laboratory and multidisciplinary tasks
f) To function as a member or a leader in multidisciplinary activities
g) To communicate in verbal and written form with fellow engineers and society at large
h) To understand the impact of Electronics and Communication Engineering in the society and demonstrate awareness

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of contemporary issues and commitment to give solutions exhibiting social responsibility
i) To demonstrate professional & ethical responsibilities
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To participate and succeed in competitive exams

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5 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

SYLLABUS
Learn the working of ARM processor
Understand the Building Blocks of Embedded Systems

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Learn the concept of memory map and memory interface
Know the characteristics of Real Time Systems
Write programs to interface memory, I/Os with processor
Study the interrupt performance
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

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GRID COMPUTING LAB
Use Globus Toolkit or equivalent and do the following:
1. Develop a new Web Service for Calculator.
2. Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service.
3. Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service.

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4. Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs
5. Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus Toolkit.
6. Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it with and without
GRAM concept.

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CLOUD COMPUTING LAB
Use Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent to set up the cloud and demonstrate.
1. Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines
COURSE OBJECTIVES

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6 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

can be utilized at particular time.
2. Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even

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after the release of the virtual machine.
3. Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program.
4. Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other.
5. Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it.
6. Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster.

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7. Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE.
8. Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it.
9. Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits.
? Design and implement applications on the Grid.
? Design and Implement applications on the Cloud.

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? Design network objects by applying the networking concepts.
? Create virtualization concept.
? Design web based applications.
? Apply cloud tools for resource allocation.
? Apply grid tools for network translation.

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? Design private cloud using open stack.
COURSE OUTCOMES

7

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CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
CONTENTS
Sl. No. Name of the Experiment Page No.
CYCLE 1 ? EXPERIMENTS ( GRID COMPUTING)

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1
Develop a new Web Service for Calculator 7
2
Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service 16
3

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Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service 19
4
Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs 22
5
Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus

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Toolkit
25
6
Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it
with and without GRAM concept

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27
CYCLE 2 ? EXPERIMENTS (CLOUD COMPUTING)
1
Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how
many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time

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34
2
Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it
holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
36

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3 Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program 39
4
Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to
the other
42

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5 Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it 45
6 Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster 47
7 Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE
ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS
1 Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it 52

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2 Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks 55

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8 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO GRID COMPUTING

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GRID TECHNOLOGY

? Flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and
resource

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? Grid architecture
? Defined using services and protocols
? Using the ?sand hourglass? model similar to the TCP/IP protocol stack

"A computational grid is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides dependable, consistent, pervasive and

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inexpensive access to high-end computational capabilities."
Grid computing makes it possible to dynamically share and coordinate dispersed, heterogeneous computing
resources. Flexibility and ubiquity are essential characteristics of Web services technologies such as WSDL (Web
Services Description Language), SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), and UDDI (Universal Description,
Discovery, and Integration).

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The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) combines technologies to unlock and exploit grid-attached resources.
OGSA defines mechanisms to create, manage, and exchange information between Grid Services, a special type of
Web service. The architecture uses WSDL extensively to describe the structure and behavior of a service. Service
descriptions are located and discovered using Web Services Inspection Language (WSIL). By combining elements
from grid computing and Web services technologies, OGSA establishes an extensible and interoperable design and

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development framework for Grid Services that includes details for service definition, discovery, and life-cycle
management.


9 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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GLOBUS TOOLKIT

The Globus Toolkit provides software tools to make it easier to build computational grids and grid-based

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applications. The Globus Toolkit is both an open architecture and open source toolkit.

? The Globus Toolkit is a product of the Globus Alliance (http://www.globus.org)
? It is middleware for developing grids
? The current release is 6.0.

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? Four key protocols and APIs
? Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI)
? Grid Resource Allocation & Mgmt (GRAM)
? Grid Resource Information Protocol (GRIP) and Index Information Protocol (GIIP)
? Grid File Transfer Protocol (GridFTP)

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? Implementations on many platforms
? Resources, security systems, data models,
? Various collective layer protocols & tools
? Info services, replica management, etc.
? A basis for many Grid-enabled tools & apps

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FTP, SSH, Condor, SRB, MPI, EDG, GridPort,
GLOBUS TOOLKIT? COMPONENTS
? Security
? GSI ? Grid Security Infrastructure
? Resource Management

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? GRAM ? Grid Resource Allocation Manager
o globusrun
o RSL
o gatekeeper
o job manager

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o DUROC ? Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator
? Information Services
? MDS ? Monitoring and Discovery Service

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10 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

o GRIS ? Grid Resource Information Service
o GIIS ? Grid Index Information Service
o MDS Client

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? Data Management
o GridFTP, GASS
The Globus Toolkit latest version 6.0 includes:
GSI: security
GridFTP: file transfer

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GRAM: job execution/resource management
MyProxy: credential repository/certificate authority
GSI-OpenSSH: GSI secure single sign-on remote shell

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11 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

GLOBUS TOOLKIT INSTALLATION PROCEDURE
Step1: For installing Globus Toolkit nothing more easy than download the latest package:
http://toolkit.globus.org/ftppub/gt6/installers/repo/globus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb

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sudodpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Step2: Update the repositories: sudo apt-get update
Step3: To install Debian or Ubuntu package, download the globus-toolkit-repo package
from the link above and install it with the command:
root@sysa63:/home/#dpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb

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Do the following for Debian-based systems:
root@sysa63:/home/#apt-get install globus-data-management-client

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12 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 01: DEVELOP A NEW WEB SERVICE FOR CALCULATOR

Aim:
Develop a Web Service for new Calculator

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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1. Our first web service is an extremely simple Math Web Service, which we'll refer to asMathService. It will
2. allow users to perform the following operations:
a. Addition
b. Subtraction
3. Furthermore, MathService will have the following resource properties (RPs for short):

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a. Value (integer)
b. Last operation performed (string)
4. We will also add a "Get Value" operation to access the Value RP. Once a new resource is created, the
"value" RP is initialized to zero, and the "last operation" RP is initialized to "NONE". The parameter is
added/subtracted to the "value" RP, and the "last operation" RP is changed to "ADDITION" or

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"SUBTRACTION" accordingly. Also, the addition and subtraction operations don't return anything.
5. Writing and deploying a WSRF Web Service is easier than you might think. You just have to follow five
simple steps.
6. Define the service's interface. This is done with WSDL
7. Implement the service. This is done with Java.

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8. Define the deployment parameters. This is done with WSDD and JNDI
9. Compile everything and generate a GAR file. This is done with Ant
10. Deploy service. This is also done with a GT4 tool

Sample Code:

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_instance"
xmlns ="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"
xmlns:tns="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/examples/core/MathService_instance"
xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsrp="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-

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ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.xsd" xmlns:wsrpw="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-


13 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.wsdl"
xmlns:wsdlpp="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/2004/10/WSDLPreprocessor"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">

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Result:
Thus the program for developing web service for new calculator was successfully executed.

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14 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid by using Web Service for new Calculator
Applications:
To make a calculator in Windows application using web service

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1) What is Web Service?
2) What are the advantages of web services?
3) What are the different types of web services?
4) What is SOAP?

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5) What are the advantages of SOAP web services?
6) What are the disadvantages of SOAP web services?
7) What is WSDL?
8) What is UDDI?
9) What are RESTful web services?

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10) What are the advantages of RESTful web services?
11) What is the difference between SOAP and REST web services?
12) What is SOA service architecture?
13) What tools are used to deploy web services?
14) What is Web Service architecture?

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15) What are the advantages of web services in globus toolkit?
16) What are the different types of web services?
17) What is SOAP web services?
18) What is UDP and TCP?
19) What is stateless SOA?

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20) What is data balancing in WSDL?
Viva-voce


15 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 02: DEVELOP NEW OGSA-COMPLIANT WEB SERVICE

Aim:
To develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid Service using .NET language.

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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1. Developed by the Global Grid Forum
2. Aims to define a common, standard, open architecture for Grid Applications.
3. Defines a set of rules that make up a grid service.
4. Sharing and Coordinated use of diverse resources in Dynamic VO's

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Result:
Thus the program for developing OGSA- Complaint web service was successfully executed.

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16 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid
Service using .NET language
Applications:

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? Sharing of information among diverse components of large heterogenous grid systems
? WAN

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1. How would you decide what style of Web Service to use? SOAP WS or REST?
2. Does the service expose data or business logic?
3. Do consumers and the service providers require a formal contract?
4. Do we need to support multiple data formats?
5. Do we need to make AJAX calls?

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6. Is the call synchronous or asynchronous?
7. What level of security is required?
8. What level of transaction support is required?
9. Do we have limited band width?
10. What tools do you use to test your Web Services?

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11. What is the difference between SOA and a Web service?
12. What is a microservice architecture (aka MSA)?
13. What is data integrity?
14. What is cloud infrastructure?

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Viva-voce


17 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 03: USING APACHE AXIS DEVELOP A GRID SERVICE

Aim:
To develop a Grid service using Apache Axis

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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1. Creating the New Level in the Package
2. Edit the Configuration Files
3. Modify the Service Code
4. Modify the Client
5. Compile and Deploy

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6. Starting the Container
7. Compile the Client
8. Run the Client

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18 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00



Sample Output:

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Addition was successful
Subtraction was successful
Multiplication was successful
Division was successful
Current value: 20.

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Result:
Thus the program for Grid Service using Apache Axis was successfully executed.


19 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid service using Apache Axis

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Applications:
? To create web service in Java
? To work with Globus Tool kit standards web service

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1. What are the different application integration styles?
2. What is Grid Computing?
3. What is QOS?
4. What are the derivatives of grid computing?
5. What are the features of data grids?

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6. What is load balancing?
7. What is grid infrastructure?
8. Define ? Distributed Computing.
9. Define ? OSGI.
10. Define ? OSGA.

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11. What is the use of API?s in cloud services?
12. What is the difference between cloud and grid?
13. What is data communication?
14. What are the elements of data communication?

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Viva-voce

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20 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 04: DEVELOP APPLICATIONS USING JAVA OR C/C++ GRID

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APIS
Aim:
To develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Import all the necessary java packages and name the file as GridLayoutDemo.java
2. Set up components to preferred size

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3. Add buttons to experiment with Grid Layout
4. Add controls to set up horizontal and vertical gaps
5. Process the Apply gaps button press
6. Create the GUI
7. Create and set up the window,Set up the content pane and Display the Window

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8. Schedule a job for the event dispatch thread
9. Show the application's GUI

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Sample Output:

Figure 1: Horizontal, Left-to-Right Figure 2: Horizontal, Right-to-Left

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Result:

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Thus the program to develop an application in java using Grid APIs was successfully executed.


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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Applications:

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Used for defining a application programme interface for common distributes computing functionality



1) Describe the two most important advantages of using Distributed/Grid Computing.

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2) What is the main function of DNS?
3) Briefly outline two applications of Public Key systems.
4) Provide one major difference between synchronous and asynchronous communication.
5) Provide one major difference between ASCII and Unicode encodings.
6) Provide two major differences between sequential computing and parallel computing.

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7) Write the any three Grid Applications.
8) Give the examples of Hardware service provider.
9) Give the example of software application ASP.
10) What are grid portals? Give example.
11) What are the high level services including in existing globus tool kit?

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12) Name the components available in Nimrod architecture?
13) What are the major objectives of Euro grid project?
14) What is the application specific work packages identified for the Euro grid?
15) Define dynamic accounting system.

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Viva-voce

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23 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

EX.NO. 05: DEVELOP SECURED APPLICATIONS USING BASIC
SECURITY MECHANISMS AVAILABLE IN GLOBUS TOOLKIT.

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Aim:
To develop a secured applications using a basic security mechanisms available in Globus toolkit
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
The Globus Toolkit incorporates multiple security components that establish the identity of users or services
(authentication), protect communications, and determine who is allowed to perform what actions (authorization), as
well as manage user credentials.

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? GSI C: The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and
certificate management.
? MyProxy: MyProxy is open source software for managing X.509 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) security
credentials (certificates and private keys).
? GSI-OpenSSH: GSI-OpenSSH is a modified version of OpenSSH that adds support for X.509 proxy

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certificate authentication and delegation, providing a single sign-on remote login and file transfer service.
The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and certificate
management. The authentication API is built using Public KeyInfrastructure (PKI) technologies, e.g. X.509
Certificates and TLS. In addition to authentication it features a delegation mechanism based upon X.509 Proxy
Certificates. Authorization support takes the form of a couple of APIs. The first provides a generic authorization API

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that allows callouts to perform access control based on the client's credentials (i.e. the X.509 certificate chain). The
second provides a simple access control list that maps authorized remote entities to local (system) user names. The
second mechanism also provides callouts that allow third parties to override the default behavior and is currently
used in the Gatekeeper and GridFTP servers. In addition to the above there are various lower level APIs and tools
for managing, discovering and querying certificates.

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Components for Grid Security
1. Basic Security Mechanisms
2. Components for Credential Generation
3. Components for Credential Management

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Beyond verifying the identities of users and services, basic Grid security mechanisms leave access control decisions
to services. The Grid community has developed authorization and access control tools for storing and providing

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access to system-wide authorization information and for creating a central data store for supporting decentralized
control mechanisms.
Basic Security Mechanisms
? Pre-Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A non-Web services implementation of the Grid
Security Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI

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mechanisms
? Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A Web services implementation of the Grid Security
Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI mechanisms

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Result:
Thus the program to develop a security application available in Globus toolkit was successfully executed.

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a secured applications using a basic security
mechanisms available in Globus toolkit

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Applications:
To provide easy acces to best breed open source network security


1. What are the collective services available in grid computing?

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2. What are the basic principles of autonomous computing?
3. What are the four essential characteristics of on demand business?
4. What are the essential capabilities provided by on demand business?
5. What are the two most important technologies for building semantic webs?
6. Define Peer to Peer computing?

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7. What is the combination of Globus GT3 toolkit?
8. What is a GT3 core?
9. What are the components available in service model?
10. Define WS-Trust
11. Define WS ?Federation

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12. Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
13. Who are the actors in CDC?
14. Mention the scenarios in CDC?
15. What are the functional requirements of CDC on OGSA?

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Viva-voce

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26 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 06: DEVELOP A GRID PORTAL, WHERE USER CAN SUBMIT
A JOB AND GET THE RESULT, IMPLEMENT IT WITH AND WITHOUT

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GRAM CONCEPT.
Aim:
To develop a Grid portal and implement it with and without GRAM concept
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

Procedure:
Multiple times that the likely user interface to grid applications will be through portals, specifically Web portals. A grid

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portal may be constructed as a Web page interface to provide easy access to grid applications. The Web user
interface provides user authentication, job submission, job monitoring, and results of the job.
Globus Resource Allocation Manager (GRAM)
When a job is submitted by a client, the request is sent to the remote host and handled by a gatekeeper daemon.
The gatekeeper creates a job manager to start and monitor the job. When the job is finished, the job manager

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sends the status information back to the client and terminates.
The GRAM subsystem consists of the following elements:
? The globusrun command and associated APIs Resource Specification Language (RSL)
? The gatekeeper daemon The job manager Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator (DUROC)
Each of these elements are described briefly below.

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The globusrun command
The globusrun command (or its equivalent API) submits a job to a resource within the grid. This command
is typically passed an RSL string (see below) that specifies parameters and other properties required to successfully
launch and run the job

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27 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Resource Specification Language (RSL)
RSL is a language used by clients to specify the job to be run. All job submission requests are described in an RSL

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string that includes information such as the executable file; its parameters; information about redirection of stdin,
stdout, and stderr; and so on. Basically it provides a standard way of specifying all of the information required to
execute a job, independent of the target environment. It is then the responsibility of the job manager on the target
system to parse the information and launch the job in the appropriate way.
The syntax of RSL is very straightforward. Each statement is enclosed within parenthesis. Comments are

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designated with parenthesis and asterisks, for example, (* this is a comment *). Supported attributes include the
following:
rsl_substitution: Defines variables
executable: The script or command to be run
arguments: Information or flags to be passed to the executable

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stdin: Specifies the remote URL and local file used for the executable stdout: Specifies the remote file to place
standard output from the job stderr: Specifies the remote file to place standard error from the job queue: Specifies the
queue to submit the job (requires a scheduler) count: Specifies the number of executions
directory: Specifies the directory to run the job
project: Specifies a project account for the job (requires a scheduler) dryRun: Verifies the RSL string but

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does not run the job
maxMemory: Specifies the maximum amount of memory in MBs required for the job
minMemory: Specifies the minimum amount of memory in MBs required for the job
hostCount: Specifies the number of nodes in a cluster required for the job environment: Specifies environment
variables that are required for the job

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jobType: Specifies the type of job single process, multi-process, mpi, or condor
maxTime: Specifies the maximum execution wall or cpu time for one execution
maxWallTime: Specifies the maximum walltime for one execution maxCpuTime: Specifies the maximum
cpu time for one execution
gramMyjob: Specifies the whether the gram myjob interface starts one process/thread (independent) or more

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(collective)


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Result:
Thus the program to develop Grid Portal was successfully executed.


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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid portal and implement it with and

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without GRAM concept
Application:
? It is useful and necessary for interfaces for the performance of operations on the Grid. The Grid
Portal Development Kit (GPDK) facilitates the development of Grid portals and provides several key
reusable components for accessing various Grid services.

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? A Grid Portal provides a customizable interface allowing scientists to perform a variety of Grid
operations including remote program submission, file staging, and querying of information services
from a single, secure gateway.
? The Grid Portal Development Kit leverages off existing Globus/Grid middleware infrastructure as
well as commodity web technology including Java Server Pages and servlets .

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1) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?
2) What are the major goals of OGSA?

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3) What are the more specific goals of OGSA?
4) What are the main purposes of use case defined by OGSA?
5) Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
6) What are the layers available in OGSA architectural organizations?
7) What are the OGSA basic services?

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8) What are the two aspects involved in GRAM?
9) What are the two kinds of lifecycle model associated with state data recovery?
10) What is a GT3 core?
11) What are the major components of default server side framework?
12) What is Grid container?

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13) What are the two levels of security available in GT3?
14) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?
15) What are the two different message-level authentication mechanisms provided by GT3 framework?
16) What are the most common GT3 security handlers?
Viva-voce

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30 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

INTRODUCTION TO CLOUD COMPUTING

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What is cloud computing?
Cloud computing means that instead of all the computer hardware and software you're using sitting on your
desktop, or somewhere inside your company's network, it's provided for you as a service by another company and
accessed over the Internet, usually in a completely seamless way. Exactly where the hardware and software is

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located and how it all works doesn't matter to you, the user?it's just somewhere up in the nebulous "cloud" that the
Internet represents.
Cloud computing is a buzzword that means different things to different people. For some, it's just another way of
describing IT (information technology) "outsourcing"; others use it to mean any computing service provided over the
Internet or a similar network; and some define it as any bought-in computer service you use that sits outside your

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firewall.
Types of cloud computing
IT people talk about three different kinds of cloud computing, where different services are being provided for you.
Note that there's a certain amount of vagueness about how these things are defined and some overlap between
them.

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? Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) means you're buying access to raw computing hardware over the Net,
such as servers or storage. Since you buy what you need and pay-as-you-go, this is often referred to as
utility computing. Ordinary web hosting is a simple example of IaaS: you pay a monthly subscription or a
per-megabyte/gigabyte fee to have a hosting company serve up files for your website from their servers.
? Software as a Service (SaaS) means you use a complete application running on someone else's system.

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Web-based email and Google Documents are perhaps the best-known examples. Zoho is another well-
known SaaS provider offering a variety of office applications online.
? Platform as a Service (PaaS) means you develop applications using Web-based tools so they run on
systems software and hardware provided by another company. So, for example, you might develop your
own ecommerce website but have the whole thing, including the shopping cart, checkout, and payment

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mechanism running on a merchant's server. App Cloud (from salesforce.com) and the Google App Engine
are examples of PaaS.
Advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing
Advantages
The pros of cloud computing are obvious and compelling. If your business is selling books or repairing shoes,

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why get involved in the nitty gritty of buying and maintaining a complex computer system? If you run an insurance
office, do you really want your sales agents wasting time running anti-virus software, upgrading word-processors, or
worrying about hard-drive crashes? Do you really want them cluttering your expensive computers with their personal

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emails, illegally shared MP3 files, and naughty YouTube videos?when you could leave that responsibility to
someone else? Cloud computing allows you to buy in only the services you want, when you want them, cutting the
upfront capital costs of computers and peripherals. You avoid equipment going out of date and other familiar IT

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problems like ensuring system security and reliability. You can add extra services (or take them away) at a moment's
notice as your business needs change. It's really quick and easy to add new applications or services to your
business without waiting weeks or months for the new computer (and its software) to arrive.
Drawbacks
Instant convenience comes at a price. Instead of purchasing computers and software, cloud computing means you

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buy services, so one-off, upfront capital costs become ongoing operating costs instead. That might work out much
more expensive in the long-term.
If you're using software as a service (for example, writing a report using an online word processor or sending emails
through webmail), you need a reliable, high-speed, broadband Internet connection functioning the whole time you're
working. That's something we take for granted in countries such as the United States, but it's much more of an issue

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in developing countries or rural areas where broadband is unavailable.
An Introduction to Cloud Computing with OpenNebula
An OpenNebula Private Cloud provides infrastructure users with an elastic platform for fast delivery and scalability of
services to meet dynamic demands of service end-users. Services are hosted in VMs, and then submitted,
monitored and controlled in the Cloud by using Sunstone or any of the OpenNebula interfaces:

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? Command Line Interface (CLI)
? XML-RPC API
? OpenNebulaRuby and Java Cloud APIs
The aim of a Private Cloud is not to expose to the world a cloud interface to sell capacity over the Internet, but to
provide local cloud users and administrators with a flexible and agile private infrastructure to run virtualized service

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workloads within the administrative domain. OpenNebula virtual infrastructure interfaces expose user and
administrator functionality for virtualization, networking, image and physical resource configuration, management,
monitoring and accounting.

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Expt.No.1: FIND PROCEDURE TO RUN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE OF
DIFFERENT CONFIGURATION. CHECK HOW MANY VIRTUAL
MACHINES CAN BE UTILIZED AT PARTICULAR TIME.

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Aim:
To Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be
utilized at particular time
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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Creating Virtual Machines
In OpenNebula the Virtual Machines are defined with Template files. The Template Repository system allows
OpenNebula administrators and users to register Virtual Machine definitions in the system, to be instantiated later as
Virtual Machine instances. These Templates can be instantiated several times, and also shared with other users.
Virtual Machine Model

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A Virtual Machine within the OpenNebula system consists of:
? A capacity in terms memory and CPU
? A set of NICs attached to one or more virtual networks
? A set of disk images
? A state file (optional) or recovery file, that contains the memory image of a running VM plus some hypervisor

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specific information.
The above items, plus some additional VM attributes like the OS kernel and context information to be used inside the
VM, are specified in a template file.
Defining a VM in 3 Steps
Virtual Machines are defined in an OpenNebula Template. Templates are stored in a repository to easily browse and

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instantiate VMs from them. To create a new Template you have to define 3 things


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? Capacity & Name, how big will the VM be?
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
NAME Name that the VM will get for description purposes. Yes one-
MEMORY Amount of RAM required for the VM, in Megabytes. Yes
CPU CPU ratio (e..g half a physical CPU is 0.5). Yes

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VCPU Number of virtual cpus. No 1
Disks. Each disk is defined with a DISK attribute. A VM can use three types of disk:
? Use a persistent Image changes to the disk image will persist after the VM is shutdown.
? Use a non-persistent Image images are cloned, changes to the image will be lost.
? Volatile disks are created on the fly on the target host. After the VM is shutdown the disk is disposed.

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Persistent and Clone Disks
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
IMAGE_ID and IMAGE The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes
IMAGE_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No self

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IMAGE_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No self
Volatile
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
TYPE
Type of the disk: swap, fs. swap type will set the label to swap so it is

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easier to mount and the context packages will automatically mount it.
Yes
SIZE size in MB Yes
FORMAT
filesystem for fs images: ext2, ext3, etc. raw will not format the image. For

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VMs to run on vmfs or vmwareshared configurations, the valid values are:
Yes


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Attribute Description Mandatory Default
vmdk_thin, vmdk_zeroedthick, vmdk_eagerzeroedthick

Network Interfaces. Each network interface of a VM is defined with the NIC attribute.

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Attribute Description Mandatory Default
NETWORK_ID and NETWORK The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes
NETWORK_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No Self
NETWORK_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No Self

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The following example shows a VM Template file with a couple of disks and a network interface, also a VNC section
was added.
NAME = test-vm
MEMORY = 128
CPU = 1

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DISK = [ IMAGE = "Arch Linux" ]
DISK = [ TYPE = swap,
SIZE = 1024 ]

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NIC = [ NETWORK = "Public", NETWORK_UNAME="oneadmin" ]

GRAPHICS = [
TYPE = "vnc",
LISTEN = "0.0.0.0"]

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Simple templates can be also created using the command line instead of creating a template file. The parameters to
do this for onetemplate are:

Parameter

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Description
--namename Name for the VM
--cpucpu CPU percentage reserved for the VM (1=100% one CPU)

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Parameter

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Description
--vcpuvcpu Number of virtualized CPUs
--archarch Architecture of the VM, e.g.: i386 or x86_64
--memorymemory Memory ammount given to the VM
--diskdisk0,disk1 Disks to attach. To use a disk owned by other user use user[disk]

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--nicvnet0,vnet1 Networks to attach. To use a network owned by other user use user[network]
--rawstring
Raw string to add to the template. Not to be confused with the RAW attribute. If you want
to provide more than one element, just include an enter inside quotes, instead of using
more than one -raw option

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--vnc Add VNC server to the VM
--ssh[file]
Add an ssh public key to the context. If the file is omited then the user variable
SSH_PUBLIC_KEY will be used.
--net_context Add network contextualization parameters

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--contextline1,line2 * Lines to add to the context section
--bootdevice Select boot device (hd, fd, cdrom or network)
A similar template as the previous example can be created with the following command:
$ onetemplate create --name test-vm --memory 128 --cpu 1 --disk "Arch Linux" --nic Public
Managing Virtual Machines

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Assuming we have a VM Template registered called vm-example with ID 6, then we can instantiate the VM issuing
a:
$ onetemplate list

ID USER GROUP NAME REGTIME

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6 oneadminoneadminvm_example 09/28 06:44:07

$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm

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VM ID: 0
If the template has USER INPUTSdefined the CLI will prompt the user for these values:
$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm

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There are some parameters that require user input.

* (BLOG_TITLE) Blog Title:
* (DB_PASSWORD) Database Password:

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VM ID: 0
Afterwards, the VM can be listed with the onevmlist command. You can also use the onevmtop command to list VMs
continuously.
$ onevm list

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ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME
0 oneadminoneadminmy_vm pend 0 0K 00 00:00:03
After a Scheduling cycle, the VM will be automatically deployed. But the deployment can also be forced by oneadmin
using onevmdeploy:
$ onehost list

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ID NAME RVM TCPU FCPU ACPU TMEM FMEM AMEM STAT
2 testbed 0 800 800 800 16G 16G16G on
$ onevm deploy 0 2

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$ onevm list

ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME
0 oneadminoneadminmy_vmrunn 0 0K testbed 00 00:02:40

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$ onevm show 0
VIRTUAL MACHINE 0 INFORMATION
ID :0
NAME : my_vm
USER : oneadmin

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GROUP : oneadmin


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STATE : ACTIVE
LCM_STATE : RUNNING
START TIME : 04/14 09:00:24
END TIME : -
DEPLOY ID: : one-0

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PERMISSIONS
OWNER : um-
GROUP : ---
OTHER : ---
VIRTUAL MACHINE MONITORING

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NET_TX : 13.05
NET_RX : 0
USED MEMORY : 512
USED CPU : 0
VIRTUAL MACHINE TEMPLATE

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VIRTUAL MACHINE HISTORY

SEQ HOSTNAME REASON START TIME PTIME

0 testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00

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testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00

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Result:
Thus the program to run virtual machines on different configuration was successfully executed & its utilization time is
checked in various machines.

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find procedure to run the virtual machine of different
Configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
Applications:
? An advantage of virtualizing the workload?s I/O path enables hardware independence by

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abstracting vendor specific drivers to more generalized versions that run on the hypervisor.
? It allows the live migration, which is one of virtualization?s greatest availability strengths
? The sharing of aggregate resources, such as network paths

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1. What is cloud computing?
2. What are the benefits of cloud computing?
3. What are the different data types used in cloud computing?
4. What are the different layers in cloud computing?

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5. What do you mean by software as a service?
6. What is on-demand functionality? How is it provided in cloud computing?
7. What are the platforms used for large scale cloud computing?
8. What are the different models for deployment in cloud computing?
9. What is the difference between cloud computing and mobile computing?

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10. What are the open source cloud computing platform databases?
11. What is the difference between cloud and traditional datacenters?
12. Why API's is used in cloud services?
13. What are the different datacenters in cloud computing?
14. Define API in data virtualization?

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15. List of API in cloud?
Viva-voce


40 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No.02: FIND PROCEDURE TO ATTACH VIRTUAL BLOCK TO
THE VIRTUAL MACHINE AND CHECK WHETHER IT HOLDS THE
DATA EVEN AFTER THE RELEASE OF THE VIRTUAL MACHINE.
Aim:

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To find a procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even after the
release of the virtual machine

Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

Procedure:

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VirtualBox uses a special kernel module called vboxdrv to perform physical memory allocation and to gain control of
the processor for guest system execution. Without this kernel module, you can still use the VirtualBox manager to
configure virtual machines, but they will not start. In addition, there are the network kernel modules vboxnetflt and
vboxnetadp which are required for the more advanced networking features of VirtualBox.
The VirtualBox kernel module is automatically installed on your system when you install VirtualBox. To

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maintain it with future kernel updates, for those Linux distributions which provide it -- most current ones -- we
recommend installing Dynamic Kernel Module Support (DKMS). This framework helps with building and upgrading
kernel modules.
If DKMS is not already installed, execute one of the following:
On an Ubuntu system:

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sudo apt-get install dkms
If DKMS is available and installed, the VirtualBox kernel module should always work automatically, and it will be
automatically rebuilt if your host kernel is updated.
Otherwise, there are only two situations in which you will need to worry about the kernel module:
1. The original installation fails. This probably means that your Linux system is not prepared for building

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external kernel modules.


41 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Most Linux distributions can be set up simply by installing the right packages - normally, these will be the
GNU compiler (GCC), GNU Make (make) and packages containing header files for your kernel - and making
sure that all system updates are installed and that the system is running the most up-to-date kernel included
in the distribution. The version numbers of the header file packages must be the same as that of the kernel
you are using.

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? With Debian and Ubuntu releases, you must install the right version of the linux-headers and if it exists
the linux-kbuild package. Current Ubuntu releases should have the right packages installed by default.
? In even older Debian and Ubuntu releases, you must install the right version of the kernel-headers
package.
? On Fedora and Redhat systems, the package is kernel-devel.

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? On SUSE and openSUSE Linux, you must install the right versions of the kernel-source and kernel-syms
packages.
? If you have built your own kernel, you will need to make sure that you also installed all the required
header and other files for building external modules to the right locations. The details of how to do
this will depend on how you built your kernel, and if you are unsure you should consult the

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documentation which you followed to do so.
2. The kernel of your Linux host was updated and DKMS is not installed. In that case, the kernel module will
need to be reinstalled by executing (as root):
rcvboxdrv setup
Performing the installation

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VirtualBox is available in a number of package formats native to various common Linux distributions. In addition,
there is an alternative generic installer (.run) which should work on most Linux distributions.
Installing VirtualBox from a Debian/Ubuntu package
First, download the appropriate package for your distribution. The following examples assume that you are installing
to a 32-bit Ubuntu Wily system. Use dpkg to install the Debian package:

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sudodpkg -i virtualbox-5.0_5.0.20_Ubuntu_wily_i386.deb
The installer will also try to build kernel modules suitable for the current running kernel. If the build process is not
successful you will be shown a warning and the package will be left unconfigured. Please have a look at /var/log/vbox-
install.log to find out why the compilation failed. You may have to install the appropriate Linux kernel After correcting
any problems, do

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42 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

sudorcvboxdrv setup

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This will start a second attempt to build the module.
If a suitable kernel module was found in the package or the module was successfully built, the installation script will
attempt to load that module.
Once VirtualBox has been successfully installed and configured, you can start it by selecting "VirtualBox" in your
start menu or from the command line.

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Using the alternative installer (VirtualBox.run)
The alternative installer performs the following steps:
? It unpacks the application files to the target directory,
/opt/VirtualBox/
which cannot be changed.

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? It builds the VirtualBox kernel modules (vboxdrv, vboxnetflt and vboxnetadp) and installs them.
? It creates /sbin/rcvboxdrv, an init script to start the VirtualBox kernel module.
? It creates a new system group called vboxusers.
? It creates symbolic links in /usr/bin to the a shell script (/opt/VirtualBox/VBox) which does some sanity checks
and dispatches to the actual executables, VirtualBox, VBoxSDL, VBoxVRDP, VBoxHeadless and VBoxManage

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? It creates /etc/udev/rules.d/60-vboxdrv.rules, a description file for udev, if that is present, which makes the USB
devices accessible to all users in the vboxusers group.
? It writes the installation directory to /etc/vbox/vbox.cfg.
The installer must be executed as root with either install or uninstall as the first parameter.
sudo ./VirtualBox.run install

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Or if you do not have the "sudo" command available, run the following as root instead:
./VirtualBox.run install


43 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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After that you need to put every user which should be able to access USB devices from VirtualBox guests in the
group vboxusers, either through the GUI user management tools or by running the following command as root:
sudousermod -a -G vboxusers username
Performing a manual installation

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If, for any reason, you cannot use the shell script installer described previously, you can also perform a manual
installation. Invoke the installer like this:
./VirtualBox.run --keep --noexec
This will unpack all the files needed for installation in the directory install under the current directory. The VirtualBox
application files are contained in VirtualBox.tar.bz2 which you can unpack to any directory on your system. For

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example:
sudomkdir /opt/VirtualBox
sudo tar jxf ./install/VirtualBox.tar.bz2 -C /opt/VirtualBox
or as root:
mkdir /opt/VirtualBox

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tarjxf ./install/VirtualBox.tar.bz2 -C /opt/VirtualBox
The sources for VirtualBox's kernel module are provided in the src directory. To build the module, change to the
directory and issuemake
If everything builds correctly, issue the following command to install the module to the appropriate module directory:
sudo make install

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In case you do not have sudo, switch the user account to root and performmake install
The VirtualBox kernel module needs a device node to operate. The above make command will tell you how to create
the device node, depending on your Linux system. The procedure is slightly different for a classical Linux setup with
a /dev directory, a system with the now deprecated devfs and a modern Linux system with udev.
Note that the /dev/vboxdrv kernel module device node must be owned by root:root and must be read/writable only for

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the user.Next, you will have to install the system initialization script for the kernel module:
cp /opt/VirtualBox/vboxdrv.sh /sbin/rcvboxdrv
mkdir /etc/vbox
echo INSTALL_DIR=/opt/VirtualBox> /etc/vbox/vbox.cfg

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44 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

and, for convenience, create the following symbolic links:
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VirtualBox

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ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxManage
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxHeadless
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxSDL

Sample Output:

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Result:
Thus the program to attach virtual block to virtual machine was successfully executed & checked whether it holds the
data after the release of the virtual machine.

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45 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find a procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual
machine and check whether it holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
Application:
? To support the Cloud Computing with the Virtual Block Store System. The fast development of cloud
computing systems stimulates the needs for a standalone block storage system to provide persistent

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block storage services to virtual machines maintained by clouds.



1. What is Type-1 and Type-2 hypervisor?

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2. What is the use of virsh command?
3. Explain how you can transfer volume from one owner to another in Open Stack?
4. Discuss about KVM Features?
5. What is Virtual block?
6. What is Virtualization?

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7. What are virtual clusters?
8. How virtualization happens in data center?
9. List some of the open source grid middleware packages.
10. What is a programming model?
11. What is Hadoop?

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12. What are map and reduce functions?
13. How to run a job in hadoop?
14. What is HDFS?
15. What are the open source grid middleware packages?
16. What is peer to peer computing?

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17. What are node clusters?
18. How virtual migration happens in data center?
Viva-voce

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46 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No.03: INSTALL A C COMPILER IN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE AND
EXECUTE A SAMPLE PROGRAM.
Aim:

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To Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
1. Create a VM and Install any OS on it.
2.Install a C compiler on OS
3.Open a Editor and type the sample program and Save.
4.Compile and run the Program

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Example:
C programming on Linux based Environement

1. Open Terminal (Applications-Accessories-Terminal)
2. Open gedit by typing ?gedit&? on terminal(You can also use any other Text Editor application)

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3. Type the following on gedit
(or any other text editor)
#include
main()
{

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printf("Hello World\n");
}
Save this file as
?helloworld. C?
5. Type ?ls? on Terminal to see all files under current folder

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6. Confirm that ?helloworld.c? is in the current directory.
If not, type cd DIRECTORY_PATH to go to the
directory that has ?helloworld.c?
7. Type ?gcchelloworld.c? to compile, and type ?ls? to
confirm that a new executable file ?a.out? is created

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8. Type ?./a.out? on Terminal to run the program



47 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:

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Thus the program to install a C complier is done and the sample program was executed successfully.


48 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and
execute a sample program

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Application:
The application of installing a C compiler in the virtual machine benefits to have a portable executable, for
each platform.

1. What is the difference between Xen & KVM ?

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2. What are different hypervisors available in Linux ?
3. Which command is used to list all virtual machine running on the KVM hypervisor ?
4. What are the different states of a VM in Xen hypervisor ?
5. How to forcefully shutdown the KVM based virtual machine from the command line ?
6. What is virtual Machine?

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7. What is Compiler?
8. What is Directory?
9. List the C Compilers available?
10. What is virtualization?
11. List out VM operations

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12. What are different hypervisors available in windows?
13. How to implement applications on the cloud to install C compiler?
14. What are grid and cloud tools available?
15. What is hypervisor?
Viva-voce

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49 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No.04: SHOW THE VIRTUAL MACHINE MIGRATION BASED ON

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THE CERTAIN CONDITION FROM ONE NODE TO THE OTHER.

Aim:
To Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
1.Update source and target virtual machines to latest package versions
To help ensure that platform images between cloud providers are running the same version of key operating system
packages, update these packages to the latest versions on both source and target virtual machines.
sudo apt-get update

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sudo apt-get upgrade
2. Install rsync and screen packages on source and target virtual machines
The migration of application packages and files in this process will use rsync over ssh between source and target
virtual machines. The actual transfer of files between virtual machines can take some time, so I also recommend
using screen so that you can easily re-attach to an in-progress migration session if you are inadvertently

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disconnected.
Ensure that rsync and screen packages are installed on both the source and target virtual machines with these
commands:
sudo apt-get install rsync
sudo apt-get install screen

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3. Add a consistent user account to both source and target virtual machines
To facilitate the migration process, ensure that you have a consistent user account configured on both source and
target virtual machines with sudo enabled. The newly provisioned target virtual machines from Task 3 already

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50 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

include a user named azureuser with sudo enabled. To configure this same user on each source virtual machine,
use the following commands:
sudogroupadd -g 500 azureuser

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sudouseradd -u 500 -g 500 -m -s /bin/bash azureuser
sudopasswdazureuser
4. Start a screen session for the migration
On the source virtual machine, enter a new screen session for the migration by using the following command:
sudo screen -S AzureMigration

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If you are disconnected from the source virtual machine during the migration process, you can reconnect to the
detached screen session by using the following command after signing in again to the source virtual machine:
sudo screen -r
5. Build an exclusion list of directories and files
During the migration, we want to be careful to skip any files that include configuration information relating to the

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identity of the source virtual machines, such as IP addresses, hostnames, ssh keys, etc. For the Ubuntu-based
virtual machines that we migrated, we used the following commands on each source virtual machine to build our
list of directories and files to exclude from the migration process:
EXCLUDEFILE=/tmp/exclude.file
EXCLUDELIST='/boot /etc/fstab /etc/hostname /etc/issue /etc/hosts

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/etc/sudoers /etc/networks /etc/network/* /etc/resolv.conf
/etc/ssh/* /etc/sysctl.conf /etc/mtab /etc/udev/rules.d/*
/lock /net /tmp'
EXCLUDEPATH=$(echo $EXCLUDELIST | sed 's/\ /\\n/g')
echo -e $EXCLUDEPATH > $EXCLUDEFILE

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find / -name '*cloud-init*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE
find / -name '*cloud-config*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE
find / -name '*cloud-final*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE

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51 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

The actual list of directories and files that you exclude may vary from this list, based on the Linux distro version,
packages and applications that you are migrating.
Credits: Kudos to Kevin Carter who wrote a great article a couple years ago that provided a useful starting point for

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building a list of directories and files to consider excluding as part of a Linux-to-Linux migration process!
6. Stop applications during migration
To minimize application data changes from occurring during the migration process, stop the related applications and
daemons on the source virtual machines. The application that we migrated was a web application built using
Apache2, so we simply stopped the related Apache2 daemon.

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sudo service stop apache2
7. Migrate the application files and data
From each source virtual machine, migrate application files and data using two rsync passes over ssh. The first
pass performs the bulk of the data transfer, whereas the second pass uses checksums to confirm that all files were
transferred successfully.

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TARGETVM="insert_target_vm_public_ip_address"
rsync -e "ssh" -rlpEAXogDtSzh -P -x ?exclude-from="$EXCLUDEFILE" ?rsync-path="sudorsync" ?
verbose ?progress / azureuser@$TARGETVM:/
rsync -e "ssh" -crlpEAXogDtSzh -P -x ?exclude-from="$EXCLUDEFILE" ?rsync-path="sudorsync" ?
verbose ?progress / azureuser@$TARGETVM:/

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8. Restart each target virtual machine
After both rsync passes have completed, restart each target virtual machine to complete the migration
process.
sshazureuser@$TARGETVM
shutdown -r now

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52 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to implement migration of virtual machine was executed successfully.

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53 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to Show the virtual machine migration based on the
certain condition from one node to the other
Application:
? Its easier to migrate a Virtual Machine from one server to another, than migrating the operating
system and application(s) individually.

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? Using Virtual Machine Migration, its possible to migrate operating systems and applications from
older servers to newer servers easily and without disrupting the services.

1. What are the basic requirements of VM live migration in KVM?
2. Which command is used in KVM for VMs live migration?

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3. How to get hardware information of KVM guest machine?
4. What is VM migration?
5. Which type of virtualization is also characteristic of cloud computing ?
6. Which virtualization standard does the WebSphere Application Server Hypervisor Edition use?
7.Which three tools are included in the IBM Rational Jazz Collaborative Application Lifecycle

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Management (C/ALM) solution?
8. What are two ways a public cloud helps customers reduce their IT costs?
9.What functionality is provided by the IBM Security Network Intrusion Prevention System Virtual
Appliance for a cloud environment?
10. What are two important benefits of using cloud computing?

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11. What is the value of IBM Security Information and Event Manager in a cloud provider environment?
12. What is the main purpose of an IBM CloudBurst solution?
Viva-voce

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54 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

EX.NO.5: PROCEDURE TO INSTALL STORAGE CONTROLLER AND
INTERACT WITH IT.
Aim:

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Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it

Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

Procedure:

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To install Storage Control, follow these steps.
Ensure that Systems Director 6.3 is installed and running.
Ensure that you are logged in to Systems Director with a user ID that has administrative privileges.
Windows only: Restart the DB2 Management server.
a) Go to Start >Administrative Tools >Services.

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b) Select DB2 Management Service from the services window and restart it.
If you want to download and install Storage Control, go to step 5. If you want to install Storage Control from read-
only media, such as a CD or mounted .iso image, go to step 8.
From the Systems Director summary page, click the link Try Storage Control in the upper right corner.
A download page opens. Download the appropriate file for your operating system.

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7.Extract the files to the directory where you want to install Storage Control, then go to step 9.
8. Copy the Storage Control installer directory from the CD or the mounted .iso image into a temporary directory
close to the system root. For example, /SCInstall for AIX or Linux and C:\SCInstall for Windows.
9. Access a command window and navigate to the directory where you extracted the files or where you copied
the installer directory. Run the appropriate script. If you do not want the license agreement to display, use the -

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ioption when you run the script. For example, StorageControlInstall.sh -i.
Important: If you are not using IBM DB2 managed by Systems Director, then
the DB2 user ID used must have DB2 Administrator privileges.
On Microsoft Windows systems, run the script StorageControlInstall.bat.

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55 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

On Linux and AIX systems, run the script StorageControlInstall.sh.
10. Restart Systems Director as directed.

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Result:

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Thus the program to install storage controller was executed successfully.


56 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find procedure to install storage controller and
interact with it

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Application:
A controller offers a level of abstraction between an operating system and the physical drives. A RAID
controller presents groups to applications and operating systems as logical units for which data protection
schemes can be defined.

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1. What is a snapshot?
2. What is Thick Provision Lazy Zeroed?
3. What is Thick Provision Eager Zeroed?
4. What is Thin Provision?
5. What is VDI?

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6. What is storage vMotion?
7. How many virtual CPUs can I use on a Fault Tolerant virtual machine?
8. What is the use of vmware tools?
9. What happens if vCenter Server is offline when a failover event occurs?
10. What are the monitoring methods used for vSphere HA?

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11. What are the roles of a master host in vSphere HA?
12. What is the hardware version used in VMware ESXi 5.5?
13. What is server virtualization?
14. What is Network Virtualization?
15. What is template?

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Viva-Voce


57 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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EX.NO.6: PROCEDURE TO SET UP ONE HADOOP CLUSTER

Aim:
To Find a procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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Follow the steps given below to have Hadoop Multi-Node cluster setup.
Installing Java
Java is the main prerequisite for Hadoop. First of all, you should verify the existence of java in your system using
?java -version?. The syntax of java version command is given below.
$ java-version

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If everything works fine it will give you the following output.
java version "1.7.0_71"
Java(TM) SE RuntimeEnvironment(build 1.7.0_71-b13)
JavaHotSpot(TM)Client VM (build 25.0-b02, mixed mode)
If java is not installed in your system, then follow the given steps for installing java.

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1. Download java (JDK - X64.tar.gz) by visiting the following link
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk7-downloads-1880260.html
Then jdk-7u71-linux-x64.tar.gz will be downloaded into your system.
2. Generally you will find the downloaded java file in Downloads folder. Verify it and extract the jdk-7u71-linux-
x64.gz file using the following commands.

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$ cdDownloads/
$ ls
jdk-7u71-Linux-x64.gz
$ tar zxf jdk-7u71-Linux-x64.gz
$ ls

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jdk1.7.0_71 jdk-7u71-Linux-x64.gz


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3. To make java available to all the users, you have to move it to the location ?/usr/local/?. Open the root, and type
the following commands.
$ su
password:
# mv jdk1.7.0_71 /usr/local/

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# exit
4. For setting up PATH and JAVA_HOME variables, add the following commands to ~/.bashrc file.
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.7.0_71
export PATH=PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
Now verify the java -version command from the terminal as explained above. Follow the above process and install

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java in all your cluster nodes.
Creating User Account
Create a system user account on both master and slave systems to use the Hadoop installation.
# useraddhadoop
# passwdhadoop

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Mapping the nodes
You have to edit hosts file in /etc/ folder on all nodes, specify the IP address of each system followed by their host
names.
# vi /etc/hosts
enter the following lines in the /etc/hosts file.

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192.168.1.109hadoop-master
192.168.1.145 hadoop-slave-1
192.168.56.1 hadoop-slave-2
Configuring Key Based Login
Setup ssh in every node such that they can communicate with one another without any prompt for password.

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# suhadoop
$ ssh-keygen-t rsa
$ ssh-copy-id-i~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub tutorialspoint@hadoop-master
$ ssh-copy-id-i~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop_tp1@hadoop-slave-1
$ ssh-copy-id-i~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop_tp2@hadoop-slave-2

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$ chmod0600~/.ssh/authorized_keys
$ exit
Installing Hadoop
In the Master server, download and install Hadoop using the following commands.
# mkdir /opt/hadoop

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# cd /opt/hadoop/
# wget http://apache.mesi.com.ar/hadoop/common/hadoop-1.2.1/hadoop-1.2.0.tar.gz
# tar -xzf hadoop-1.2.0.tar.gz
# mv hadoop-1.2.0 hadoop

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# chown -R hadoop /opt/hadoop
# cd /opt/hadoop/hadoop/

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Configuring Hadoop
You have to configure Hadoop server by making the following changes as given below.
core-site.xml

Open the core-site.xml file and edit it as shown below.

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fs.default.name
hdfs://hadoop-master:9000/

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dfs.permissions
false

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hdfs-site.xml
Open the hdfs-site.xml file and edit it as shown below.


dfs.data.dir

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/opt/hadoop/hadoop/dfs/name/data
true

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dfs.name.dir
/opt/hadoop/hadoop/dfs/name
true

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dfs.replication
1

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mapred-site.xml
Open the mapred-site.xml file and edit it as shown below.

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mapred.job.tracker
hadoop-master:9001

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hadoop-env.sh
Open the hadoop-env.sh file and edit JAVA_HOME, HADOOP_CONF_DIR, and HADOOP_OPTS as shown below.
Note: Set the JAVA_HOME as per your system configuration.

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export JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk1.7.0_17 export HADOOP_OPTS=-Djava.net.preferIPv4Stack=trueexport
HADOOP_CONF_DIR=/opt/hadoop/hadoop/conf
Installing Hadoop on Slave Servers
Install Hadoop on all the slave servers by following the given commands.
# suhadoop

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$ cd/opt/hadoop
$ scp-r hadoop hadoop-slave-1:/opt/hadoop
$ scp-r hadoop hadoop-slave-2:/opt/hadoop
Configuring Hadoop on Master Server
Open the master server and configure it by following the given commands.

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# suhadoop
$ cd/opt/hadoop/hadoop
Configuring Master Node
$ vietc/hadoop/masters
hadoop-master

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Configuring Slave Node
$ vietc/hadoop/slaves
hadoop-slave-1
hadoop-slave-2
Format Name Node on Hadoop Master

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# suhadoop
$ cd/opt/hadoop/hadoop
$ bin/hadoopnamenode?format
11/10/1410:58:07 INFO namenode.NameNode:
STARTUP_MSG:/************************************************************

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STARTUP_MSG: Starting NameNode
STARTUP_MSG: host = hadoop-master/192.168.1.109
STARTUP_MSG: args = [-format]
STARTUP_MSG: version = 1.2.0
STARTUP_MSG: build = https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/hadoop/common/branches/branch-1.2 -r 1479473;

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compiled by 'hortonfo' on Mon May 6 06:59:37 UTC 2013


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STARTUP_MSG: java = 1.7.0_71 ************************************************************/11/10/1410:58:08 INFO
util.GSet:Computing capacity for map BlocksMapeditlog=/opt/hadoop/hadoop/dfs/name/current/edits
?.
?.
?.11/10/1410:58:08 INFO common.Storage:Storage directory

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/opt/hadoop/hadoop/dfs/name has been successfully formatted.11/10/1410:58:08 INFO namenode.NameNode:
SHUTDOWN_MSG:/************************************************************ SHUTDOWN_MSG: Shutting down
NameNode at hadoop-master/192.168.1.15 ************************************************************/
Starting Hadoop Services
The following command is to start all the Hadoop services on the Hadoop-Master.

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$ cd $HADOOP_HOME/sbin
$ start-all.sh
Adding a New DataNode in the Hadoop Cluster
Given below are the steps to be followed for adding new nodes to a Hadoop cluster.
Networking

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Add new nodes to an existing Hadoop cluster with some appropriate network configuration. Assume the following
network configuration.
For New node Configuration:
IP address :192.168.1.103
netmask:255.255.255.0

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hostname : slave3.in
Adding User and SSH Access
Add a User
On a new node, add "hadoop" user and set password of Hadoop user to "hadoop123" or anything you want by using
the following commands.

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useraddhadoop
passwdhadoop
Setup Password less connectivity from master to new slave.
Execute the following on the master
mkdir-p $HOME/.ssh

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chmod700 $HOME/.ssh
ssh-keygen-t rsa-P ''-f $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa
cat $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys
chmod644 $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys
Copy the public key to new slave node inhadoop user $HOME directory

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scp $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop@192.168.1.103:/home/hadoop/
Execute the following on the slaves
Login to hadoop. If not, login to hadoop user.

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suhadoopssh-X hadoop@192.168.1.103
Copy the content of public key into file "$HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys" and then change the permission for the
same by executing the following commands.

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cd $HOME
mkdir-p $HOME/.ssh
chmod700 $HOME/.ssh
cat id_rsa.pub >>$HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys
chmod644 $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys

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Check ssh login from the master machine. Now check if you can ssh to the new node without a password from the
master.
ssh hadoop@192.168.1.103or hadoop@slave3
Set Hostname of New Node
You can set hostname in file /etc/sysconfig/network

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Onnew slave3 machine
NETWORKING=yes
HOSTNAME=slave3.in
To make the changes effective, either restart the machine or run hostname command to a new machine with the
respective hostname (restart is a good option).

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On slave3 node machine:
hostname slave3.in
Update /etc/hosts on all machines of the cluster with the following lines:
192.168.1.102 slave3.in slave3
Now try to ping the machine with hostnames to check whether it is resolving to IP or not.

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On new node machine:
ping master.in
Start the DataNode on New Node
Start the datanode daemon manually using $HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoop-daemon.sh script. It will automatically
contact the master (NameNode) and join the cluster. We should also add the new node to the conf/slaves file in the

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master server. The script-based commands will recognize the new node.
Login to new node
suhadooporssh-X hadoop@192.168.1.103
Start HDFS on a newly added slave node by using the following command
./bin/hadoop-daemon.sh start datanode

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Check the output of jps command on a new node. It looks as follows.

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$ jps
7141DataNode
10312Jps
Removing a DataNode from the Hadoop Cluster
We can remove a node from a cluster on the fly, while it is running, without any data loss. HDFS provides a

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decommissioning feature, which ensures that removing a node is performed safely. To use it, follow the steps as
given below:
1. Login to master
Login to master machine user where Hadoop is installed.
$ suhadoop

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2 Change cluster configuration
An exclude file must be configured before starting the cluster. Add a key named dfs.hosts.exclude to our
$HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml file. The value associated with this key provides the full path to a file
on the NameNode's local file system which contains a list of machines which are not permitted to connect to HDFS.
For example, add these lines to etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml file.

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dfs.hosts.exclude
/home/hadoop/hadoop-1.2.1/hdfs_exclude.txt

DFS exclude

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3. Determine hosts to decommission
Each machine to be decommissioned should be added to the file identified by the hdfs_exclude.txt, one domain
name per line. This will prevent them from connecting to the NameNode. Content of the "/home/hadoop/hadoop-
1.2.1/hdfs_exclude.txt" file is shown below, if you want to remove DataNode2.slave2.in

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4. Force configuration reload
Run the command "$HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoopdfsadmin -refreshNodes" without the quotes.
$ $HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoopdfsadmin-refreshNodes
This will force the NameNode to re-read its configuration, including the newly updated ?excludes? file. It will
decommission the nodes over a period of time, allowing time for each node's blocks to be replicated onto machines

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which are scheduled to remain active.On slave2.in, check the jps command output. After some time, you will see the
DataNode process is shutdown automatically.
5. Shutdown nodes
After the decommission process has been completed, the decommissioned hardware can be safely shut down for
maintenance. Run the report command to dfsadmin to check the status of decommission. The following command

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will describe the status of the decommission node and the connected nodes to the cluster.


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$ $HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoopdfsadmin-report
6. Edit excludes file again
Once the machines have been decommissioned, they can be removed from the ?excludes? file. Running
"$HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoopdfsadmin -refreshNodes" again will read the excludes file back into the
NameNode; allowing the DataNodes to rejoin the cluster after the maintenance has been completed, or additional

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capacity is needed in the cluster again, etc.

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Result:
Thus the program to install storage controller was executed successfully.

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65 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find a procedure to set up the one node Hadoop
cluster
Application:
Many organisations are required to deal with large data sets. To handle the large data sets these organisations

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use hadoop cluster. But they need to set up hadoop cluster with different number of nodes several times.


1) What is Big Data?
2) What are the four characteristics of Big Data?

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3) What are real-time industry applications of Hadoop?
4) What all modes Hadoop can be run in?
5) What are the most common Input Formats in Hadoop?
6) Define DataNode
7) What are the core methods of a Reducer?

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8) What is Job Tracker role in Hadoop?
9) What is the use of RecordReader in Hadoop?
10) What companies use Hadoop, any idea?
11) Why do we need Hadoop?
12) What is the basic difference between traditional RDBMS and Hadoop?

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Viva-Voce

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EX.NO.07: MOUNT THE ONE NODE HADOOP CLUSTER USING FUSE

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Aim:
To Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
Interfaces
Following are the important interfaces:
? Client<-->ResourceManager

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By using YarnClient objects.
? ApplicationMaster<-->ResourceManager
By using AMRMClientAsync objects, handling events asynchronously by
AMRMClientAsync.CallbackHandler
? ApplicationMaster<-->NodeManager

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Launch containers. Communicate with NodeManagers by using NMClientAsync objects, handling container
events by NMClientAsync.CallbackHandler
Writing a Simple Yarn Application
Writing a simple Client
? The first step that a client needs to do is to initialize and start a YarnClient.

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? YarnClientyarnClient = YarnClient.createYarnClient();
? yarnClient.init(conf);


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? yarnClient.start();
? Once a client is set up, the client needs to create an application, and get its application id.
? YarnClientApplication app = yarnClient.createApplication();
? GetNewApplicationResponseappResponse = app.getNewApplicationResponse();

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? The response from the YarnClientApplication for a new application also contains information about the
cluster such as the minimum/maximum resource capabilities of the cluster. This is required so that to ensure
that you can correctly set the specifications of the container in which the ApplicationMaster would be
launched. Please refer to GetNewApplicationResponse for more details.
? The main crux of a client is to setup the ApplicationSubmissionContext which defines all the information

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needed by the RM to launch the AM. A client needs to set the following into the context:
? Application info: id, name
? Queue, priority info: Queue to which the application will be submitted, the priority to be assigned for the
application.
? User: The user submitting the application

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? ContainerLaunchContext: The information defining the container in which the AM will be launched and run.
The ContainerLaunchContext, as mentioned previously, defines all the required information needed to run
the application such as the local *Resources (binaries, jars, files etc.), Environment settings (CLASSPATH
etc.), the Command to be executed and security T*okens (RECT).
The ApplicationReport received from the RM consists of the following:

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? General application information: Application id, queue to which the application was submitted, user who
submitted the application and the start time for the application.
? ApplicationMaster details: the host on which the AM is running, the rpc port (if any) on which it is
listening for requests from clients and a token that the client needs to communicate with the AM.

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? Application tracking information: If the application supports some form of progress tracking, it can set a
tracking url which is available via ApplicationReport?sgetTrackingUrl() method that a client can look at to

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monitor progress.
? Application status: The state of the application as seen by the ResourceManager is available via
ApplicationReport#getYarnApplicationState. If the YarnApplicationState is set to FINISHED, the client
should refer to ApplicationReport#getFinalApplicationStatus to check for the actual success/failure of the
application task itself. In case of failures, ApplicationReport#getDiagnostics may be useful to shed some

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more light on the the failure.
? If the ApplicationMaster supports it, a client can directly query the AM itself for progress updates via the
host:rpcport information obtained from the application report. It can also use the tracking url obtained
from the report if available.
? In certain situations, if the application is taking too long or due to other factors, the client may wish to kill

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the application. YarnClient supports the killApplication call that allows a client to send a kill signal to the
AM via the ResourceManager. An ApplicationMaster if so designed may also support an abort call via its
rpc layer that a client may be able to leverage.
? yarnClient.killApplication(appId);
Writing an ApplicationMaster (AM)

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? The AM is the actual owner of the job. It will be launched by the RM and via the client will be provided
all the necessary information and resources about the job that it has been tasked with to oversee and
complete.
? As the AM is launched within a container that may (likely will) be sharing a physical host with other
containers, given the multi-tenancy nature, amongst other issues, it cannot make any assumptions of

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things like pre-configured ports that it can listen on.
? When the AM starts up, several parameters are made available to it via the environment. These
include the ContainerId for the AM container, the application submission time and details about the

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NM (NodeManager) host running the ApplicationMaster. Ref ApplicationConstants for parameter
names.
? All interactions with the RM require an ApplicationAttemptId (there can be multiple attempts per

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application in case of failures). The ApplicationAttemptIdcan be obtained from the AM?s container id.
There are helper APIs to convert the value obtained from the environment into objects.
? In setupContainerAskForRM(), the follow two things need some set up:
? Resource capability: Currently, YARN supports memory based resource requirements so the request
should define how much memory is needed. The value is defined in MB and has to less than the max

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capability of the cluster and an exact multiple of the min capability. Memory resources correspond to
physical memory limits imposed on the task containers. It will also support computation based
resource (vCore), as shown in the code.
? Priority: When asking for sets of containers, an AM may define different priorities to each set. For
example, the Map-Reduce AM may assign a higher priority to containers needed for the Map tasks

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and a lower priority for the Reduce tasks? containers.
? After container allocation requests have been sent by the application manager, contailers will be
launched asynchronously, by the event handler of the AMRMClientAsync client. The handler should
implement AMRMClientAsync.CallbackHandler interface.
? When there are containers allocated, the handler sets up a thread that runs the code to launch

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containers. Here we use the name LaunchContainerRunnable to demonstrate. We will talk about the
LaunchContainerRunnable class in the following part of this article.
? heNMClientAsync object, together with its event handler, handles container events. Including
container start, stop, status update, and occurs an error.
? After the ApplicationMaster determines the work is done, it needs to unregister itself through the AM-

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RM client, and then stops the client.



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Result:
Thus the procedure to mount the one node hadoop cluster using FUSE was executed successfully.

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71 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact
with it

Application:

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The hadoop-hdfs-fuse package enables you to use your HDFS cluster as if it were a traditional
filesystem on Linux. It is assumed that you have a working HDFS cluster and know the hostname
and port that your NameNode exposes.

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1) 1. What is Apache Hadoop?
2) Why do we need Hadoop?
3) What are the core components of Hadoop?
4) What are the Features of Hadoop?
5) Compare Hadoop and RDBMS?

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6) What are the limitations of Hadoop?
7) Explain Data Locality in Hadoop?
8) What is a ?Distributed Cache? in Apache Hadoop?
9) How is security achieved in Hadoop?
10) What does jps command do in Hadoop?

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11) Is it possible to provide multiple input to Hadoop? If yes then how?
12) Is it possible to have hadoop job output in multiple directories? If yes, how?

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Viva-Voce
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

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0 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

College o f Engineering
?

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DEPARTMENT OF
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

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CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
VII SEMESTER - R 2013

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Name : ______________________________________
Reg. No. : ______________________________________
Section : ______________________________________
LABORATORY MANUAL

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1 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

DHANALAKSHMI

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is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and enterprising
professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and training.

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? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic Excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart and
soul

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DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

To strive for acquiring, applying and imparting knowledge in Computer Science and Engineering through quality
education and to provide enthusiastic professionals with commitment

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? To produce highly competent and globally employable engineers in the field of Computer Science and
Engineering
? To inculcate human values among the student community and make them realize their commitment to the society
? To exhibit excellence in pursuit of research and innovative products with a zeal to serve the society

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VISION
VISION
MISSION

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MISSION


2 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)
1. Fundamentals
To provide students with a solid foundation in Mathematics, Science and fundamentals of engineering, enabling
them to apply, to find solutions for engineering problems and use this knowledge to acquire higher education
2. Core Competence

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To train the students in Computer science and engineering technologies so that they apply their knowledge and
training to compare, and to analyze various engineering industrial problems to find solutions
3. Breadth
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice this enables them to
find solutions for the real time problems in industry, and to design products

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4. Professionalism
To inculcate professional and effective communication skills, leadership qualities and team spirit in the students
to make them multi-faceted personalities and develop their ability to relate engineering issues to broader social
context
5. Lifelong Learning/Ethics

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To demonstrate and practice ethical and professional responsibilities in the industry and society in the large,
through commitment and lifelong learning needed for successful professional career

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4


PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)
a) To demonstrate and apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in

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Electronics and Communication Engineering field
b) To design a component, a system or a process to meet the specific needs within the realistic constraints
such as economics, environment, ethics, health, safety and manufacturability
c) To demonstrate the competency to use software tools for computation, simulation and testing of electronics and
communication engineering circuits

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d) To identify, formulate and solve electronic and communication engineering problems
e) To demonstrate an ability to visualize and work on laboratory and multidisciplinary tasks
f) To function as a member or a leader in multidisciplinary activities
g) To communicate in verbal and written form with fellow engineers and society at large
h) To understand the impact of Electronics and Communication Engineering in the society and demonstrate awareness

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of contemporary issues and commitment to give solutions exhibiting social responsibility
i) To demonstrate professional & ethical responsibilities
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To participate and succeed in competitive exams

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5 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

SYLLABUS
Learn the working of ARM processor
Understand the Building Blocks of Embedded Systems

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Learn the concept of memory map and memory interface
Know the characteristics of Real Time Systems
Write programs to interface memory, I/Os with processor
Study the interrupt performance
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

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GRID COMPUTING LAB
Use Globus Toolkit or equivalent and do the following:
1. Develop a new Web Service for Calculator.
2. Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service.
3. Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service.

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4. Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs
5. Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus Toolkit.
6. Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it with and without
GRAM concept.

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CLOUD COMPUTING LAB
Use Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent to set up the cloud and demonstrate.
1. Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines
COURSE OBJECTIVES

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can be utilized at particular time.
2. Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even

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after the release of the virtual machine.
3. Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program.
4. Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other.
5. Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it.
6. Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster.

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7. Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE.
8. Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it.
9. Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits.
? Design and implement applications on the Grid.
? Design and Implement applications on the Cloud.

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? Design network objects by applying the networking concepts.
? Create virtualization concept.
? Design web based applications.
? Apply cloud tools for resource allocation.
? Apply grid tools for network translation.

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? Design private cloud using open stack.
COURSE OUTCOMES

7

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CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
CONTENTS
Sl. No. Name of the Experiment Page No.
CYCLE 1 ? EXPERIMENTS ( GRID COMPUTING)

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1
Develop a new Web Service for Calculator 7
2
Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service 16
3

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Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service 19
4
Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs 22
5
Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus

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Toolkit
25
6
Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it
with and without GRAM concept

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27
CYCLE 2 ? EXPERIMENTS (CLOUD COMPUTING)
1
Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how
many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time

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34
2
Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it
holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
36

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3 Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program 39
4
Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to
the other
42

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5 Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it 45
6 Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster 47
7 Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE
ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS
1 Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it 52

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2 Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks 55

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8 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO GRID COMPUTING

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GRID TECHNOLOGY

? Flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and
resource

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? Grid architecture
? Defined using services and protocols
? Using the ?sand hourglass? model similar to the TCP/IP protocol stack

"A computational grid is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides dependable, consistent, pervasive and

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inexpensive access to high-end computational capabilities."
Grid computing makes it possible to dynamically share and coordinate dispersed, heterogeneous computing
resources. Flexibility and ubiquity are essential characteristics of Web services technologies such as WSDL (Web
Services Description Language), SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), and UDDI (Universal Description,
Discovery, and Integration).

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The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) combines technologies to unlock and exploit grid-attached resources.
OGSA defines mechanisms to create, manage, and exchange information between Grid Services, a special type of
Web service. The architecture uses WSDL extensively to describe the structure and behavior of a service. Service
descriptions are located and discovered using Web Services Inspection Language (WSIL). By combining elements
from grid computing and Web services technologies, OGSA establishes an extensible and interoperable design and

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development framework for Grid Services that includes details for service definition, discovery, and life-cycle
management.


9 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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GLOBUS TOOLKIT

The Globus Toolkit provides software tools to make it easier to build computational grids and grid-based

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applications. The Globus Toolkit is both an open architecture and open source toolkit.

? The Globus Toolkit is a product of the Globus Alliance (http://www.globus.org)
? It is middleware for developing grids
? The current release is 6.0.

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? Four key protocols and APIs
? Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI)
? Grid Resource Allocation & Mgmt (GRAM)
? Grid Resource Information Protocol (GRIP) and Index Information Protocol (GIIP)
? Grid File Transfer Protocol (GridFTP)

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? Implementations on many platforms
? Resources, security systems, data models,
? Various collective layer protocols & tools
? Info services, replica management, etc.
? A basis for many Grid-enabled tools & apps

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FTP, SSH, Condor, SRB, MPI, EDG, GridPort,
GLOBUS TOOLKIT? COMPONENTS
? Security
? GSI ? Grid Security Infrastructure
? Resource Management

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? GRAM ? Grid Resource Allocation Manager
o globusrun
o RSL
o gatekeeper
o job manager

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o DUROC ? Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator
? Information Services
? MDS ? Monitoring and Discovery Service

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10 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

o GRIS ? Grid Resource Information Service
o GIIS ? Grid Index Information Service
o MDS Client

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? Data Management
o GridFTP, GASS
The Globus Toolkit latest version 6.0 includes:
GSI: security
GridFTP: file transfer

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GRAM: job execution/resource management
MyProxy: credential repository/certificate authority
GSI-OpenSSH: GSI secure single sign-on remote shell

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11 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

GLOBUS TOOLKIT INSTALLATION PROCEDURE
Step1: For installing Globus Toolkit nothing more easy than download the latest package:
http://toolkit.globus.org/ftppub/gt6/installers/repo/globus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb

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sudodpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Step2: Update the repositories: sudo apt-get update
Step3: To install Debian or Ubuntu package, download the globus-toolkit-repo package
from the link above and install it with the command:
root@sysa63:/home/#dpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb

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Do the following for Debian-based systems:
root@sysa63:/home/#apt-get install globus-data-management-client

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12 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 01: DEVELOP A NEW WEB SERVICE FOR CALCULATOR

Aim:
Develop a Web Service for new Calculator

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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1. Our first web service is an extremely simple Math Web Service, which we'll refer to asMathService. It will
2. allow users to perform the following operations:
a. Addition
b. Subtraction
3. Furthermore, MathService will have the following resource properties (RPs for short):

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a. Value (integer)
b. Last operation performed (string)
4. We will also add a "Get Value" operation to access the Value RP. Once a new resource is created, the
"value" RP is initialized to zero, and the "last operation" RP is initialized to "NONE". The parameter is
added/subtracted to the "value" RP, and the "last operation" RP is changed to "ADDITION" or

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"SUBTRACTION" accordingly. Also, the addition and subtraction operations don't return anything.
5. Writing and deploying a WSRF Web Service is easier than you might think. You just have to follow five
simple steps.
6. Define the service's interface. This is done with WSDL
7. Implement the service. This is done with Java.

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8. Define the deployment parameters. This is done with WSDD and JNDI
9. Compile everything and generate a GAR file. This is done with Ant
10. Deploy service. This is also done with a GT4 tool

Sample Code:

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_instance"
xmlns ="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"
xmlns:tns="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/examples/core/MathService_instance"
xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsrp="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-

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ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.xsd" xmlns:wsrpw="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-


13 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.wsdl"
xmlns:wsdlpp="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/2004/10/WSDLPreprocessor"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">

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Result:
Thus the program for developing web service for new calculator was successfully executed.

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14 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid by using Web Service for new Calculator
Applications:
To make a calculator in Windows application using web service

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1) What is Web Service?
2) What are the advantages of web services?
3) What are the different types of web services?
4) What is SOAP?

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5) What are the advantages of SOAP web services?
6) What are the disadvantages of SOAP web services?
7) What is WSDL?
8) What is UDDI?
9) What are RESTful web services?

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10) What are the advantages of RESTful web services?
11) What is the difference between SOAP and REST web services?
12) What is SOA service architecture?
13) What tools are used to deploy web services?
14) What is Web Service architecture?

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15) What are the advantages of web services in globus toolkit?
16) What are the different types of web services?
17) What is SOAP web services?
18) What is UDP and TCP?
19) What is stateless SOA?

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20) What is data balancing in WSDL?
Viva-voce


15 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 02: DEVELOP NEW OGSA-COMPLIANT WEB SERVICE

Aim:
To develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid Service using .NET language.

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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1. Developed by the Global Grid Forum
2. Aims to define a common, standard, open architecture for Grid Applications.
3. Defines a set of rules that make up a grid service.
4. Sharing and Coordinated use of diverse resources in Dynamic VO's

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Result:
Thus the program for developing OGSA- Complaint web service was successfully executed.

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16 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid
Service using .NET language
Applications:

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? Sharing of information among diverse components of large heterogenous grid systems
? WAN

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1. How would you decide what style of Web Service to use? SOAP WS or REST?
2. Does the service expose data or business logic?
3. Do consumers and the service providers require a formal contract?
4. Do we need to support multiple data formats?
5. Do we need to make AJAX calls?

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6. Is the call synchronous or asynchronous?
7. What level of security is required?
8. What level of transaction support is required?
9. Do we have limited band width?
10. What tools do you use to test your Web Services?

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11. What is the difference between SOA and a Web service?
12. What is a microservice architecture (aka MSA)?
13. What is data integrity?
14. What is cloud infrastructure?

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Viva-voce


17 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 03: USING APACHE AXIS DEVELOP A GRID SERVICE

Aim:
To develop a Grid service using Apache Axis

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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1. Creating the New Level in the Package
2. Edit the Configuration Files
3. Modify the Service Code
4. Modify the Client
5. Compile and Deploy

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6. Starting the Container
7. Compile the Client
8. Run the Client

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18 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00



Sample Output:

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Addition was successful
Subtraction was successful
Multiplication was successful
Division was successful
Current value: 20.

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Result:
Thus the program for Grid Service using Apache Axis was successfully executed.


19 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid service using Apache Axis

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Applications:
? To create web service in Java
? To work with Globus Tool kit standards web service

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1. What are the different application integration styles?
2. What is Grid Computing?
3. What is QOS?
4. What are the derivatives of grid computing?
5. What are the features of data grids?

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6. What is load balancing?
7. What is grid infrastructure?
8. Define ? Distributed Computing.
9. Define ? OSGI.
10. Define ? OSGA.

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11. What is the use of API?s in cloud services?
12. What is the difference between cloud and grid?
13. What is data communication?
14. What are the elements of data communication?

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Viva-voce

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20 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 04: DEVELOP APPLICATIONS USING JAVA OR C/C++ GRID

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APIS
Aim:
To develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Import all the necessary java packages and name the file as GridLayoutDemo.java
2. Set up components to preferred size

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3. Add buttons to experiment with Grid Layout
4. Add controls to set up horizontal and vertical gaps
5. Process the Apply gaps button press
6. Create the GUI
7. Create and set up the window,Set up the content pane and Display the Window

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8. Schedule a job for the event dispatch thread
9. Show the application's GUI

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21 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:

Figure 1: Horizontal, Left-to-Right Figure 2: Horizontal, Right-to-Left

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Result:

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Thus the program to develop an application in java using Grid APIs was successfully executed.


22 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Applications:

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Used for defining a application programme interface for common distributes computing functionality



1) Describe the two most important advantages of using Distributed/Grid Computing.

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2) What is the main function of DNS?
3) Briefly outline two applications of Public Key systems.
4) Provide one major difference between synchronous and asynchronous communication.
5) Provide one major difference between ASCII and Unicode encodings.
6) Provide two major differences between sequential computing and parallel computing.

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7) Write the any three Grid Applications.
8) Give the examples of Hardware service provider.
9) Give the example of software application ASP.
10) What are grid portals? Give example.
11) What are the high level services including in existing globus tool kit?

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12) Name the components available in Nimrod architecture?
13) What are the major objectives of Euro grid project?
14) What is the application specific work packages identified for the Euro grid?
15) Define dynamic accounting system.

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Viva-voce

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23 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

EX.NO. 05: DEVELOP SECURED APPLICATIONS USING BASIC
SECURITY MECHANISMS AVAILABLE IN GLOBUS TOOLKIT.

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Aim:
To develop a secured applications using a basic security mechanisms available in Globus toolkit
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
The Globus Toolkit incorporates multiple security components that establish the identity of users or services
(authentication), protect communications, and determine who is allowed to perform what actions (authorization), as
well as manage user credentials.

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? GSI C: The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and
certificate management.
? MyProxy: MyProxy is open source software for managing X.509 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) security
credentials (certificates and private keys).
? GSI-OpenSSH: GSI-OpenSSH is a modified version of OpenSSH that adds support for X.509 proxy

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certificate authentication and delegation, providing a single sign-on remote login and file transfer service.
The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and certificate
management. The authentication API is built using Public KeyInfrastructure (PKI) technologies, e.g. X.509
Certificates and TLS. In addition to authentication it features a delegation mechanism based upon X.509 Proxy
Certificates. Authorization support takes the form of a couple of APIs. The first provides a generic authorization API

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that allows callouts to perform access control based on the client's credentials (i.e. the X.509 certificate chain). The
second provides a simple access control list that maps authorized remote entities to local (system) user names. The
second mechanism also provides callouts that allow third parties to override the default behavior and is currently
used in the Gatekeeper and GridFTP servers. In addition to the above there are various lower level APIs and tools
for managing, discovering and querying certificates.

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Components for Grid Security
1. Basic Security Mechanisms
2. Components for Credential Generation
3. Components for Credential Management

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24 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Beyond verifying the identities of users and services, basic Grid security mechanisms leave access control decisions
to services. The Grid community has developed authorization and access control tools for storing and providing

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access to system-wide authorization information and for creating a central data store for supporting decentralized
control mechanisms.
Basic Security Mechanisms
? Pre-Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A non-Web services implementation of the Grid
Security Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI

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mechanisms
? Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A Web services implementation of the Grid Security
Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI mechanisms

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Result:
Thus the program to develop a security application available in Globus toolkit was successfully executed.

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a secured applications using a basic security
mechanisms available in Globus toolkit

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25 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Applications:
To provide easy acces to best breed open source network security


1. What are the collective services available in grid computing?

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2. What are the basic principles of autonomous computing?
3. What are the four essential characteristics of on demand business?
4. What are the essential capabilities provided by on demand business?
5. What are the two most important technologies for building semantic webs?
6. Define Peer to Peer computing?

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7. What is the combination of Globus GT3 toolkit?
8. What is a GT3 core?
9. What are the components available in service model?
10. Define WS-Trust
11. Define WS ?Federation

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12. Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
13. Who are the actors in CDC?
14. Mention the scenarios in CDC?
15. What are the functional requirements of CDC on OGSA?

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Viva-voce

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26 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 06: DEVELOP A GRID PORTAL, WHERE USER CAN SUBMIT
A JOB AND GET THE RESULT, IMPLEMENT IT WITH AND WITHOUT

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GRAM CONCEPT.
Aim:
To develop a Grid portal and implement it with and without GRAM concept
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

Procedure:
Multiple times that the likely user interface to grid applications will be through portals, specifically Web portals. A grid

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portal may be constructed as a Web page interface to provide easy access to grid applications. The Web user
interface provides user authentication, job submission, job monitoring, and results of the job.
Globus Resource Allocation Manager (GRAM)
When a job is submitted by a client, the request is sent to the remote host and handled by a gatekeeper daemon.
The gatekeeper creates a job manager to start and monitor the job. When the job is finished, the job manager

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sends the status information back to the client and terminates.
The GRAM subsystem consists of the following elements:
? The globusrun command and associated APIs Resource Specification Language (RSL)
? The gatekeeper daemon The job manager Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator (DUROC)
Each of these elements are described briefly below.

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The globusrun command
The globusrun command (or its equivalent API) submits a job to a resource within the grid. This command
is typically passed an RSL string (see below) that specifies parameters and other properties required to successfully
launch and run the job

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27 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Resource Specification Language (RSL)
RSL is a language used by clients to specify the job to be run. All job submission requests are described in an RSL

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string that includes information such as the executable file; its parameters; information about redirection of stdin,
stdout, and stderr; and so on. Basically it provides a standard way of specifying all of the information required to
execute a job, independent of the target environment. It is then the responsibility of the job manager on the target
system to parse the information and launch the job in the appropriate way.
The syntax of RSL is very straightforward. Each statement is enclosed within parenthesis. Comments are

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designated with parenthesis and asterisks, for example, (* this is a comment *). Supported attributes include the
following:
rsl_substitution: Defines variables
executable: The script or command to be run
arguments: Information or flags to be passed to the executable

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stdin: Specifies the remote URL and local file used for the executable stdout: Specifies the remote file to place
standard output from the job stderr: Specifies the remote file to place standard error from the job queue: Specifies the
queue to submit the job (requires a scheduler) count: Specifies the number of executions
directory: Specifies the directory to run the job
project: Specifies a project account for the job (requires a scheduler) dryRun: Verifies the RSL string but

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does not run the job
maxMemory: Specifies the maximum amount of memory in MBs required for the job
minMemory: Specifies the minimum amount of memory in MBs required for the job
hostCount: Specifies the number of nodes in a cluster required for the job environment: Specifies environment
variables that are required for the job

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jobType: Specifies the type of job single process, multi-process, mpi, or condor
maxTime: Specifies the maximum execution wall or cpu time for one execution
maxWallTime: Specifies the maximum walltime for one execution maxCpuTime: Specifies the maximum
cpu time for one execution
gramMyjob: Specifies the whether the gram myjob interface starts one process/thread (independent) or more

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(collective)


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Result:
Thus the program to develop Grid Portal was successfully executed.


29 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid portal and implement it with and

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without GRAM concept
Application:
? It is useful and necessary for interfaces for the performance of operations on the Grid. The Grid
Portal Development Kit (GPDK) facilitates the development of Grid portals and provides several key
reusable components for accessing various Grid services.

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? A Grid Portal provides a customizable interface allowing scientists to perform a variety of Grid
operations including remote program submission, file staging, and querying of information services
from a single, secure gateway.
? The Grid Portal Development Kit leverages off existing Globus/Grid middleware infrastructure as
well as commodity web technology including Java Server Pages and servlets .

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1) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?
2) What are the major goals of OGSA?

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3) What are the more specific goals of OGSA?
4) What are the main purposes of use case defined by OGSA?
5) Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
6) What are the layers available in OGSA architectural organizations?
7) What are the OGSA basic services?

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8) What are the two aspects involved in GRAM?
9) What are the two kinds of lifecycle model associated with state data recovery?
10) What is a GT3 core?
11) What are the major components of default server side framework?
12) What is Grid container?

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13) What are the two levels of security available in GT3?
14) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?
15) What are the two different message-level authentication mechanisms provided by GT3 framework?
16) What are the most common GT3 security handlers?
Viva-voce

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30 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

INTRODUCTION TO CLOUD COMPUTING

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What is cloud computing?
Cloud computing means that instead of all the computer hardware and software you're using sitting on your
desktop, or somewhere inside your company's network, it's provided for you as a service by another company and
accessed over the Internet, usually in a completely seamless way. Exactly where the hardware and software is

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located and how it all works doesn't matter to you, the user?it's just somewhere up in the nebulous "cloud" that the
Internet represents.
Cloud computing is a buzzword that means different things to different people. For some, it's just another way of
describing IT (information technology) "outsourcing"; others use it to mean any computing service provided over the
Internet or a similar network; and some define it as any bought-in computer service you use that sits outside your

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firewall.
Types of cloud computing
IT people talk about three different kinds of cloud computing, where different services are being provided for you.
Note that there's a certain amount of vagueness about how these things are defined and some overlap between
them.

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? Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) means you're buying access to raw computing hardware over the Net,
such as servers or storage. Since you buy what you need and pay-as-you-go, this is often referred to as
utility computing. Ordinary web hosting is a simple example of IaaS: you pay a monthly subscription or a
per-megabyte/gigabyte fee to have a hosting company serve up files for your website from their servers.
? Software as a Service (SaaS) means you use a complete application running on someone else's system.

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Web-based email and Google Documents are perhaps the best-known examples. Zoho is another well-
known SaaS provider offering a variety of office applications online.
? Platform as a Service (PaaS) means you develop applications using Web-based tools so they run on
systems software and hardware provided by another company. So, for example, you might develop your
own ecommerce website but have the whole thing, including the shopping cart, checkout, and payment

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mechanism running on a merchant's server. App Cloud (from salesforce.com) and the Google App Engine
are examples of PaaS.
Advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing
Advantages
The pros of cloud computing are obvious and compelling. If your business is selling books or repairing shoes,

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why get involved in the nitty gritty of buying and maintaining a complex computer system? If you run an insurance
office, do you really want your sales agents wasting time running anti-virus software, upgrading word-processors, or
worrying about hard-drive crashes? Do you really want them cluttering your expensive computers with their personal

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31 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

emails, illegally shared MP3 files, and naughty YouTube videos?when you could leave that responsibility to
someone else? Cloud computing allows you to buy in only the services you want, when you want them, cutting the
upfront capital costs of computers and peripherals. You avoid equipment going out of date and other familiar IT

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problems like ensuring system security and reliability. You can add extra services (or take them away) at a moment's
notice as your business needs change. It's really quick and easy to add new applications or services to your
business without waiting weeks or months for the new computer (and its software) to arrive.
Drawbacks
Instant convenience comes at a price. Instead of purchasing computers and software, cloud computing means you

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buy services, so one-off, upfront capital costs become ongoing operating costs instead. That might work out much
more expensive in the long-term.
If you're using software as a service (for example, writing a report using an online word processor or sending emails
through webmail), you need a reliable, high-speed, broadband Internet connection functioning the whole time you're
working. That's something we take for granted in countries such as the United States, but it's much more of an issue

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in developing countries or rural areas where broadband is unavailable.
An Introduction to Cloud Computing with OpenNebula
An OpenNebula Private Cloud provides infrastructure users with an elastic platform for fast delivery and scalability of
services to meet dynamic demands of service end-users. Services are hosted in VMs, and then submitted,
monitored and controlled in the Cloud by using Sunstone or any of the OpenNebula interfaces:

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? Command Line Interface (CLI)
? XML-RPC API
? OpenNebulaRuby and Java Cloud APIs
The aim of a Private Cloud is not to expose to the world a cloud interface to sell capacity over the Internet, but to
provide local cloud users and administrators with a flexible and agile private infrastructure to run virtualized service

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workloads within the administrative domain. OpenNebula virtual infrastructure interfaces expose user and
administrator functionality for virtualization, networking, image and physical resource configuration, management,
monitoring and accounting.

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32 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No.1: FIND PROCEDURE TO RUN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE OF
DIFFERENT CONFIGURATION. CHECK HOW MANY VIRTUAL
MACHINES CAN BE UTILIZED AT PARTICULAR TIME.

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Aim:
To Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be
utilized at particular time
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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Creating Virtual Machines
In OpenNebula the Virtual Machines are defined with Template files. The Template Repository system allows
OpenNebula administrators and users to register Virtual Machine definitions in the system, to be instantiated later as
Virtual Machine instances. These Templates can be instantiated several times, and also shared with other users.
Virtual Machine Model

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A Virtual Machine within the OpenNebula system consists of:
? A capacity in terms memory and CPU
? A set of NICs attached to one or more virtual networks
? A set of disk images
? A state file (optional) or recovery file, that contains the memory image of a running VM plus some hypervisor

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specific information.
The above items, plus some additional VM attributes like the OS kernel and context information to be used inside the
VM, are specified in a template file.
Defining a VM in 3 Steps
Virtual Machines are defined in an OpenNebula Template. Templates are stored in a repository to easily browse and

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instantiate VMs from them. To create a new Template you have to define 3 things


33 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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? Capacity & Name, how big will the VM be?
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
NAME Name that the VM will get for description purposes. Yes one-
MEMORY Amount of RAM required for the VM, in Megabytes. Yes
CPU CPU ratio (e..g half a physical CPU is 0.5). Yes

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VCPU Number of virtual cpus. No 1
Disks. Each disk is defined with a DISK attribute. A VM can use three types of disk:
? Use a persistent Image changes to the disk image will persist after the VM is shutdown.
? Use a non-persistent Image images are cloned, changes to the image will be lost.
? Volatile disks are created on the fly on the target host. After the VM is shutdown the disk is disposed.

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Persistent and Clone Disks
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
IMAGE_ID and IMAGE The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes
IMAGE_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No self

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IMAGE_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No self
Volatile
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
TYPE
Type of the disk: swap, fs. swap type will set the label to swap so it is

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easier to mount and the context packages will automatically mount it.
Yes
SIZE size in MB Yes
FORMAT
filesystem for fs images: ext2, ext3, etc. raw will not format the image. For

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VMs to run on vmfs or vmwareshared configurations, the valid values are:
Yes


34 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Attribute Description Mandatory Default
vmdk_thin, vmdk_zeroedthick, vmdk_eagerzeroedthick

Network Interfaces. Each network interface of a VM is defined with the NIC attribute.

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Attribute Description Mandatory Default
NETWORK_ID and NETWORK The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes
NETWORK_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No Self
NETWORK_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No Self

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The following example shows a VM Template file with a couple of disks and a network interface, also a VNC section
was added.
NAME = test-vm
MEMORY = 128
CPU = 1

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DISK = [ IMAGE = "Arch Linux" ]
DISK = [ TYPE = swap,
SIZE = 1024 ]

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NIC = [ NETWORK = "Public", NETWORK_UNAME="oneadmin" ]

GRAPHICS = [
TYPE = "vnc",
LISTEN = "0.0.0.0"]

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Simple templates can be also created using the command line instead of creating a template file. The parameters to
do this for onetemplate are:

Parameter

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Description
--namename Name for the VM
--cpucpu CPU percentage reserved for the VM (1=100% one CPU)

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35 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


Parameter

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Description
--vcpuvcpu Number of virtualized CPUs
--archarch Architecture of the VM, e.g.: i386 or x86_64
--memorymemory Memory ammount given to the VM
--diskdisk0,disk1 Disks to attach. To use a disk owned by other user use user[disk]

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--nicvnet0,vnet1 Networks to attach. To use a network owned by other user use user[network]
--rawstring
Raw string to add to the template. Not to be confused with the RAW attribute. If you want
to provide more than one element, just include an enter inside quotes, instead of using
more than one -raw option

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--vnc Add VNC server to the VM
--ssh[file]
Add an ssh public key to the context. If the file is omited then the user variable
SSH_PUBLIC_KEY will be used.
--net_context Add network contextualization parameters

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--contextline1,line2 * Lines to add to the context section
--bootdevice Select boot device (hd, fd, cdrom or network)
A similar template as the previous example can be created with the following command:
$ onetemplate create --name test-vm --memory 128 --cpu 1 --disk "Arch Linux" --nic Public
Managing Virtual Machines

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Assuming we have a VM Template registered called vm-example with ID 6, then we can instantiate the VM issuing
a:
$ onetemplate list

ID USER GROUP NAME REGTIME

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6 oneadminoneadminvm_example 09/28 06:44:07

$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm

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36 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

VM ID: 0
If the template has USER INPUTSdefined the CLI will prompt the user for these values:
$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm

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There are some parameters that require user input.

* (BLOG_TITLE) Blog Title:
* (DB_PASSWORD) Database Password:

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VM ID: 0
Afterwards, the VM can be listed with the onevmlist command. You can also use the onevmtop command to list VMs
continuously.
$ onevm list

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ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME
0 oneadminoneadminmy_vm pend 0 0K 00 00:00:03
After a Scheduling cycle, the VM will be automatically deployed. But the deployment can also be forced by oneadmin
using onevmdeploy:
$ onehost list

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ID NAME RVM TCPU FCPU ACPU TMEM FMEM AMEM STAT
2 testbed 0 800 800 800 16G 16G16G on
$ onevm deploy 0 2

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$ onevm list

ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME
0 oneadminoneadminmy_vmrunn 0 0K testbed 00 00:02:40

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$ onevm show 0
VIRTUAL MACHINE 0 INFORMATION
ID :0
NAME : my_vm
USER : oneadmin

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GROUP : oneadmin


37 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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STATE : ACTIVE
LCM_STATE : RUNNING
START TIME : 04/14 09:00:24
END TIME : -
DEPLOY ID: : one-0

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PERMISSIONS
OWNER : um-
GROUP : ---
OTHER : ---
VIRTUAL MACHINE MONITORING

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NET_TX : 13.05
NET_RX : 0
USED MEMORY : 512
USED CPU : 0
VIRTUAL MACHINE TEMPLATE

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VIRTUAL MACHINE HISTORY

SEQ HOSTNAME REASON START TIME PTIME

0 testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00

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testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00

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38 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to run virtual machines on different configuration was successfully executed & its utilization time is
checked in various machines.

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39 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find procedure to run the virtual machine of different
Configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
Applications:
? An advantage of virtualizing the workload?s I/O path enables hardware independence by

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abstracting vendor specific drivers to more generalized versions that run on the hypervisor.
? It allows the live migration, which is one of virtualization?s greatest availability strengths
? The sharing of aggregate resources, such as network paths

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1. What is cloud computing?
2. What are the benefits of cloud computing?
3. What are the different data types used in cloud computing?
4. What are the different layers in cloud computing?

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5. What do you mean by software as a service?
6. What is on-demand functionality? How is it provided in cloud computing?
7. What are the platforms used for large scale cloud computing?
8. What are the different models for deployment in cloud computing?
9. What is the difference between cloud computing and mobile computing?

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10. What are the open source cloud computing platform databases?
11. What is the difference between cloud and traditional datacenters?
12. Why API's is used in cloud services?
13. What are the different datacenters in cloud computing?
14. Define API in data virtualization?

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15. List of API in cloud?
Viva-voce


40 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No.02: FIND PROCEDURE TO ATTACH VIRTUAL BLOCK TO
THE VIRTUAL MACHINE AND CHECK WHETHER IT HOLDS THE
DATA EVEN AFTER THE RELEASE OF THE VIRTUAL MACHINE.
Aim:

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To find a procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even after the
release of the virtual machine

Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

Procedure:

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VirtualBox uses a special kernel module called vboxdrv to perform physical memory allocation and to gain control of
the processor for guest system execution. Without this kernel module, you can still use the VirtualBox manager to
configure virtual machines, but they will not start. In addition, there are the network kernel modules vboxnetflt and
vboxnetadp which are required for the more advanced networking features of VirtualBox.
The VirtualBox kernel module is automatically installed on your system when you install VirtualBox. To

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maintain it with future kernel updates, for those Linux distributions which provide it -- most current ones -- we
recommend installing Dynamic Kernel Module Support (DKMS). This framework helps with building and upgrading
kernel modules.
If DKMS is not already installed, execute one of the following:
On an Ubuntu system:

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sudo apt-get install dkms
If DKMS is available and installed, the VirtualBox kernel module should always work automatically, and it will be
automatically rebuilt if your host kernel is updated.
Otherwise, there are only two situations in which you will need to worry about the kernel module:
1. The original installation fails. This probably means that your Linux system is not prepared for building

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external kernel modules.


41 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Most Linux distributions can be set up simply by installing the right packages - normally, these will be the
GNU compiler (GCC), GNU Make (make) and packages containing header files for your kernel - and making
sure that all system updates are installed and that the system is running the most up-to-date kernel included
in the distribution. The version numbers of the header file packages must be the same as that of the kernel
you are using.

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? With Debian and Ubuntu releases, you must install the right version of the linux-headers and if it exists
the linux-kbuild package. Current Ubuntu releases should have the right packages installed by default.
? In even older Debian and Ubuntu releases, you must install the right version of the kernel-headers
package.
? On Fedora and Redhat systems, the package is kernel-devel.

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? On SUSE and openSUSE Linux, you must install the right versions of the kernel-source and kernel-syms
packages.
? If you have built your own kernel, you will need to make sure that you also installed all the required
header and other files for building external modules to the right locations. The details of how to do
this will depend on how you built your kernel, and if you are unsure you should consult the

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documentation which you followed to do so.
2. The kernel of your Linux host was updated and DKMS is not installed. In that case, the kernel module will
need to be reinstalled by executing (as root):
rcvboxdrv setup
Performing the installation

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VirtualBox is available in a number of package formats native to various common Linux distributions. In addition,
there is an alternative generic installer (.run) which should work on most Linux distributions.
Installing VirtualBox from a Debian/Ubuntu package
First, download the appropriate package for your distribution. The following examples assume that you are installing
to a 32-bit Ubuntu Wily system. Use dpkg to install the Debian package:

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sudodpkg -i virtualbox-5.0_5.0.20_Ubuntu_wily_i386.deb
The installer will also try to build kernel modules suitable for the current running kernel. If the build process is not
successful you will be shown a warning and the package will be left unconfigured. Please have a look at /var/log/vbox-
install.log to find out why the compilation failed. You may have to install the appropriate Linux kernel After correcting
any problems, do

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42 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

sudorcvboxdrv setup

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This will start a second attempt to build the module.
If a suitable kernel module was found in the package or the module was successfully built, the installation script will
attempt to load that module.
Once VirtualBox has been successfully installed and configured, you can start it by selecting "VirtualBox" in your
start menu or from the command line.

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Using the alternative installer (VirtualBox.run)
The alternative installer performs the following steps:
? It unpacks the application files to the target directory,
/opt/VirtualBox/
which cannot be changed.

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? It builds the VirtualBox kernel modules (vboxdrv, vboxnetflt and vboxnetadp) and installs them.
? It creates /sbin/rcvboxdrv, an init script to start the VirtualBox kernel module.
? It creates a new system group called vboxusers.
? It creates symbolic links in /usr/bin to the a shell script (/opt/VirtualBox/VBox) which does some sanity checks
and dispatches to the actual executables, VirtualBox, VBoxSDL, VBoxVRDP, VBoxHeadless and VBoxManage

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? It creates /etc/udev/rules.d/60-vboxdrv.rules, a description file for udev, if that is present, which makes the USB
devices accessible to all users in the vboxusers group.
? It writes the installation directory to /etc/vbox/vbox.cfg.
The installer must be executed as root with either install or uninstall as the first parameter.
sudo ./VirtualBox.run install

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Or if you do not have the "sudo" command available, run the following as root instead:
./VirtualBox.run install


43 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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After that you need to put every user which should be able to access USB devices from VirtualBox guests in the
group vboxusers, either through the GUI user management tools or by running the following command as root:
sudousermod -a -G vboxusers username
Performing a manual installation

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If, for any reason, you cannot use the shell script installer described previously, you can also perform a manual
installation. Invoke the installer like this:
./VirtualBox.run --keep --noexec
This will unpack all the files needed for installation in the directory install under the current directory. The VirtualBox
application files are contained in VirtualBox.tar.bz2 which you can unpack to any directory on your system. For

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example:
sudomkdir /opt/VirtualBox
sudo tar jxf ./install/VirtualBox.tar.bz2 -C /opt/VirtualBox
or as root:
mkdir /opt/VirtualBox

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tarjxf ./install/VirtualBox.tar.bz2 -C /opt/VirtualBox
The sources for VirtualBox's kernel module are provided in the src directory. To build the module, change to the
directory and issuemake
If everything builds correctly, issue the following command to install the module to the appropriate module directory:
sudo make install

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In case you do not have sudo, switch the user account to root and performmake install
The VirtualBox kernel module needs a device node to operate. The above make command will tell you how to create
the device node, depending on your Linux system. The procedure is slightly different for a classical Linux setup with
a /dev directory, a system with the now deprecated devfs and a modern Linux system with udev.
Note that the /dev/vboxdrv kernel module device node must be owned by root:root and must be read/writable only for

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the user.Next, you will have to install the system initialization script for the kernel module:
cp /opt/VirtualBox/vboxdrv.sh /sbin/rcvboxdrv
mkdir /etc/vbox
echo INSTALL_DIR=/opt/VirtualBox> /etc/vbox/vbox.cfg

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44 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

and, for convenience, create the following symbolic links:
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VirtualBox

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ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxManage
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxHeadless
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxSDL

Sample Output:

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Result:
Thus the program to attach virtual block to virtual machine was successfully executed & checked whether it holds the
data after the release of the virtual machine.

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45 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find a procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual
machine and check whether it holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
Application:
? To support the Cloud Computing with the Virtual Block Store System. The fast development of cloud
computing systems stimulates the needs for a standalone block storage system to provide persistent

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block storage services to virtual machines maintained by clouds.



1. What is Type-1 and Type-2 hypervisor?

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2. What is the use of virsh command?
3. Explain how you can transfer volume from one owner to another in Open Stack?
4. Discuss about KVM Features?
5. What is Virtual block?
6. What is Virtualization?

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7. What are virtual clusters?
8. How virtualization happens in data center?
9. List some of the open source grid middleware packages.
10. What is a programming model?
11. What is Hadoop?

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12. What are map and reduce functions?
13. How to run a job in hadoop?
14. What is HDFS?
15. What are the open source grid middleware packages?
16. What is peer to peer computing?

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17. What are node clusters?
18. How virtual migration happens in data center?
Viva-voce

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46 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No.03: INSTALL A C COMPILER IN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE AND
EXECUTE A SAMPLE PROGRAM.
Aim:

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To Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
1. Create a VM and Install any OS on it.
2.Install a C compiler on OS
3.Open a Editor and type the sample program and Save.
4.Compile and run the Program

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Example:
C programming on Linux based Environement

1. Open Terminal (Applications-Accessories-Terminal)
2. Open gedit by typing ?gedit&? on terminal(You can also use any other Text Editor application)

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3. Type the following on gedit
(or any other text editor)
#include
main()
{

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printf("Hello World\n");
}
Save this file as
?helloworld. C?
5. Type ?ls? on Terminal to see all files under current folder

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6. Confirm that ?helloworld.c? is in the current directory.
If not, type cd DIRECTORY_PATH to go to the
directory that has ?helloworld.c?
7. Type ?gcchelloworld.c? to compile, and type ?ls? to
confirm that a new executable file ?a.out? is created

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8. Type ?./a.out? on Terminal to run the program



47 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:

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Thus the program to install a C complier is done and the sample program was executed successfully.


48 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and
execute a sample program

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Application:
The application of installing a C compiler in the virtual machine benefits to have a portable executable, for
each platform.

1. What is the difference between Xen & KVM ?

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2. What are different hypervisors available in Linux ?
3. Which command is used to list all virtual machine running on the KVM hypervisor ?
4. What are the different states of a VM in Xen hypervisor ?
5. How to forcefully shutdown the KVM based virtual machine from the command line ?
6. What is virtual Machine?

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7. What is Compiler?
8. What is Directory?
9. List the C Compilers available?
10. What is virtualization?
11. List out VM operations

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12. What are different hypervisors available in windows?
13. How to implement applications on the cloud to install C compiler?
14. What are grid and cloud tools available?
15. What is hypervisor?
Viva-voce

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49 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No.04: SHOW THE VIRTUAL MACHINE MIGRATION BASED ON

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THE CERTAIN CONDITION FROM ONE NODE TO THE OTHER.

Aim:
To Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
1.Update source and target virtual machines to latest package versions
To help ensure that platform images between cloud providers are running the same version of key operating system
packages, update these packages to the latest versions on both source and target virtual machines.
sudo apt-get update

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sudo apt-get upgrade
2. Install rsync and screen packages on source and target virtual machines
The migration of application packages and files in this process will use rsync over ssh between source and target
virtual machines. The actual transfer of files between virtual machines can take some time, so I also recommend
using screen so that you can easily re-attach to an in-progress migration session if you are inadvertently

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disconnected.
Ensure that rsync and screen packages are installed on both the source and target virtual machines with these
commands:
sudo apt-get install rsync
sudo apt-get install screen

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3. Add a consistent user account to both source and target virtual machines
To facilitate the migration process, ensure that you have a consistent user account configured on both source and
target virtual machines with sudo enabled. The newly provisioned target virtual machines from Task 3 already

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50 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

include a user named azureuser with sudo enabled. To configure this same user on each source virtual machine,
use the following commands:
sudogroupadd -g 500 azureuser

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sudouseradd -u 500 -g 500 -m -s /bin/bash azureuser
sudopasswdazureuser
4. Start a screen session for the migration
On the source virtual machine, enter a new screen session for the migration by using the following command:
sudo screen -S AzureMigration

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If you are disconnected from the source virtual machine during the migration process, you can reconnect to the
detached screen session by using the following command after signing in again to the source virtual machine:
sudo screen -r
5. Build an exclusion list of directories and files
During the migration, we want to be careful to skip any files that include configuration information relating to the

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identity of the source virtual machines, such as IP addresses, hostnames, ssh keys, etc. For the Ubuntu-based
virtual machines that we migrated, we used the following commands on each source virtual machine to build our
list of directories and files to exclude from the migration process:
EXCLUDEFILE=/tmp/exclude.file
EXCLUDELIST='/boot /etc/fstab /etc/hostname /etc/issue /etc/hosts

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/etc/sudoers /etc/networks /etc/network/* /etc/resolv.conf
/etc/ssh/* /etc/sysctl.conf /etc/mtab /etc/udev/rules.d/*
/lock /net /tmp'
EXCLUDEPATH=$(echo $EXCLUDELIST | sed 's/\ /\\n/g')
echo -e $EXCLUDEPATH > $EXCLUDEFILE

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find / -name '*cloud-init*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE
find / -name '*cloud-config*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE
find / -name '*cloud-final*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE

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51 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

The actual list of directories and files that you exclude may vary from this list, based on the Linux distro version,
packages and applications that you are migrating.
Credits: Kudos to Kevin Carter who wrote a great article a couple years ago that provided a useful starting point for

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building a list of directories and files to consider excluding as part of a Linux-to-Linux migration process!
6. Stop applications during migration
To minimize application data changes from occurring during the migration process, stop the related applications and
daemons on the source virtual machines. The application that we migrated was a web application built using
Apache2, so we simply stopped the related Apache2 daemon.

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sudo service stop apache2
7. Migrate the application files and data
From each source virtual machine, migrate application files and data using two rsync passes over ssh. The first
pass performs the bulk of the data transfer, whereas the second pass uses checksums to confirm that all files were
transferred successfully.

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TARGETVM="insert_target_vm_public_ip_address"
rsync -e "ssh" -rlpEAXogDtSzh -P -x ?exclude-from="$EXCLUDEFILE" ?rsync-path="sudorsync" ?
verbose ?progress / azureuser@$TARGETVM:/
rsync -e "ssh" -crlpEAXogDtSzh -P -x ?exclude-from="$EXCLUDEFILE" ?rsync-path="sudorsync" ?
verbose ?progress / azureuser@$TARGETVM:/

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8. Restart each target virtual machine
After both rsync passes have completed, restart each target virtual machine to complete the migration
process.
sshazureuser@$TARGETVM
shutdown -r now

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52 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to implement migration of virtual machine was executed successfully.

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53 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to Show the virtual machine migration based on the
certain condition from one node to the other
Application:
? Its easier to migrate a Virtual Machine from one server to another, than migrating the operating
system and application(s) individually.

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? Using Virtual Machine Migration, its possible to migrate operating systems and applications from
older servers to newer servers easily and without disrupting the services.

1. What are the basic requirements of VM live migration in KVM?
2. Which command is used in KVM for VMs live migration?

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3. How to get hardware information of KVM guest machine?
4. What is VM migration?
5. Which type of virtualization is also characteristic of cloud computing ?
6. Which virtualization standard does the WebSphere Application Server Hypervisor Edition use?
7.Which three tools are included in the IBM Rational Jazz Collaborative Application Lifecycle

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Management (C/ALM) solution?
8. What are two ways a public cloud helps customers reduce their IT costs?
9.What functionality is provided by the IBM Security Network Intrusion Prevention System Virtual
Appliance for a cloud environment?
10. What are two important benefits of using cloud computing?

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11. What is the value of IBM Security Information and Event Manager in a cloud provider environment?
12. What is the main purpose of an IBM CloudBurst solution?
Viva-voce

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54 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

EX.NO.5: PROCEDURE TO INSTALL STORAGE CONTROLLER AND
INTERACT WITH IT.
Aim:

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Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it

Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

Procedure:

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To install Storage Control, follow these steps.
Ensure that Systems Director 6.3 is installed and running.
Ensure that you are logged in to Systems Director with a user ID that has administrative privileges.
Windows only: Restart the DB2 Management server.
a) Go to Start >Administrative Tools >Services.

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b) Select DB2 Management Service from the services window and restart it.
If you want to download and install Storage Control, go to step 5. If you want to install Storage Control from read-
only media, such as a CD or mounted .iso image, go to step 8.
From the Systems Director summary page, click the link Try Storage Control in the upper right corner.
A download page opens. Download the appropriate file for your operating system.

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7.Extract the files to the directory where you want to install Storage Control, then go to step 9.
8. Copy the Storage Control installer directory from the CD or the mounted .iso image into a temporary directory
close to the system root. For example, /SCInstall for AIX or Linux and C:\SCInstall for Windows.
9. Access a command window and navigate to the directory where you extracted the files or where you copied
the installer directory. Run the appropriate script. If you do not want the license agreement to display, use the -

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ioption when you run the script. For example, StorageControlInstall.sh -i.
Important: If you are not using IBM DB2 managed by Systems Director, then
the DB2 user ID used must have DB2 Administrator privileges.
On Microsoft Windows systems, run the script StorageControlInstall.bat.

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55 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

On Linux and AIX systems, run the script StorageControlInstall.sh.
10. Restart Systems Director as directed.

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Result:

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Thus the program to install storage controller was executed successfully.


56 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find procedure to install storage controller and
interact with it

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Application:
A controller offers a level of abstraction between an operating system and the physical drives. A RAID
controller presents groups to applications and operating systems as logical units for which data protection
schemes can be defined.

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1. What is a snapshot?
2. What is Thick Provision Lazy Zeroed?
3. What is Thick Provision Eager Zeroed?
4. What is Thin Provision?
5. What is VDI?

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6. What is storage vMotion?
7. How many virtual CPUs can I use on a Fault Tolerant virtual machine?
8. What is the use of vmware tools?
9. What happens if vCenter Server is offline when a failover event occurs?
10. What are the monitoring methods used for vSphere HA?

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11. What are the roles of a master host in vSphere HA?
12. What is the hardware version used in VMware ESXi 5.5?
13. What is server virtualization?
14. What is Network Virtualization?
15. What is template?

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Viva-Voce


57 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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EX.NO.6: PROCEDURE TO SET UP ONE HADOOP CLUSTER

Aim:
To Find a procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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Follow the steps given below to have Hadoop Multi-Node cluster setup.
Installing Java
Java is the main prerequisite for Hadoop. First of all, you should verify the existence of java in your system using
?java -version?. The syntax of java version command is given below.
$ java-version

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If everything works fine it will give you the following output.
java version "1.7.0_71"
Java(TM) SE RuntimeEnvironment(build 1.7.0_71-b13)
JavaHotSpot(TM)Client VM (build 25.0-b02, mixed mode)
If java is not installed in your system, then follow the given steps for installing java.

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1. Download java (JDK - X64.tar.gz) by visiting the following link
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk7-downloads-1880260.html
Then jdk-7u71-linux-x64.tar.gz will be downloaded into your system.
2. Generally you will find the downloaded java file in Downloads folder. Verify it and extract the jdk-7u71-linux-
x64.gz file using the following commands.

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$ cdDownloads/
$ ls
jdk-7u71-Linux-x64.gz
$ tar zxf jdk-7u71-Linux-x64.gz
$ ls

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jdk1.7.0_71 jdk-7u71-Linux-x64.gz


58 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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3. To make java available to all the users, you have to move it to the location ?/usr/local/?. Open the root, and type
the following commands.
$ su
password:
# mv jdk1.7.0_71 /usr/local/

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# exit
4. For setting up PATH and JAVA_HOME variables, add the following commands to ~/.bashrc file.
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.7.0_71
export PATH=PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
Now verify the java -version command from the terminal as explained above. Follow the above process and install

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java in all your cluster nodes.
Creating User Account
Create a system user account on both master and slave systems to use the Hadoop installation.
# useraddhadoop
# passwdhadoop

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Mapping the nodes
You have to edit hosts file in /etc/ folder on all nodes, specify the IP address of each system followed by their host
names.
# vi /etc/hosts
enter the following lines in the /etc/hosts file.

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192.168.1.109hadoop-master
192.168.1.145 hadoop-slave-1
192.168.56.1 hadoop-slave-2
Configuring Key Based Login
Setup ssh in every node such that they can communicate with one another without any prompt for password.

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# suhadoop
$ ssh-keygen-t rsa
$ ssh-copy-id-i~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub tutorialspoint@hadoop-master
$ ssh-copy-id-i~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop_tp1@hadoop-slave-1
$ ssh-copy-id-i~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop_tp2@hadoop-slave-2

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$ chmod0600~/.ssh/authorized_keys
$ exit
Installing Hadoop
In the Master server, download and install Hadoop using the following commands.
# mkdir /opt/hadoop

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# cd /opt/hadoop/
# wget http://apache.mesi.com.ar/hadoop/common/hadoop-1.2.1/hadoop-1.2.0.tar.gz
# tar -xzf hadoop-1.2.0.tar.gz
# mv hadoop-1.2.0 hadoop

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59 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

# chown -R hadoop /opt/hadoop
# cd /opt/hadoop/hadoop/

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Configuring Hadoop
You have to configure Hadoop server by making the following changes as given below.
core-site.xml

Open the core-site.xml file and edit it as shown below.

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fs.default.name
hdfs://hadoop-master:9000/

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dfs.permissions
false

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hdfs-site.xml
Open the hdfs-site.xml file and edit it as shown below.


dfs.data.dir

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/opt/hadoop/hadoop/dfs/name/data
true

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dfs.name.dir
/opt/hadoop/hadoop/dfs/name
true

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dfs.replication
1

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mapred-site.xml
Open the mapred-site.xml file and edit it as shown below.

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60 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


mapred.job.tracker
hadoop-master:9001

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hadoop-env.sh
Open the hadoop-env.sh file and edit JAVA_HOME, HADOOP_CONF_DIR, and HADOOP_OPTS as shown below.
Note: Set the JAVA_HOME as per your system configuration.

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export JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk1.7.0_17 export HADOOP_OPTS=-Djava.net.preferIPv4Stack=trueexport
HADOOP_CONF_DIR=/opt/hadoop/hadoop/conf
Installing Hadoop on Slave Servers
Install Hadoop on all the slave servers by following the given commands.
# suhadoop

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$ cd/opt/hadoop
$ scp-r hadoop hadoop-slave-1:/opt/hadoop
$ scp-r hadoop hadoop-slave-2:/opt/hadoop
Configuring Hadoop on Master Server
Open the master server and configure it by following the given commands.

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# suhadoop
$ cd/opt/hadoop/hadoop
Configuring Master Node
$ vietc/hadoop/masters
hadoop-master

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Configuring Slave Node
$ vietc/hadoop/slaves
hadoop-slave-1
hadoop-slave-2
Format Name Node on Hadoop Master

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# suhadoop
$ cd/opt/hadoop/hadoop
$ bin/hadoopnamenode?format
11/10/1410:58:07 INFO namenode.NameNode:
STARTUP_MSG:/************************************************************

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STARTUP_MSG: Starting NameNode
STARTUP_MSG: host = hadoop-master/192.168.1.109
STARTUP_MSG: args = [-format]
STARTUP_MSG: version = 1.2.0
STARTUP_MSG: build = https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/hadoop/common/branches/branch-1.2 -r 1479473;

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compiled by 'hortonfo' on Mon May 6 06:59:37 UTC 2013


61 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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STARTUP_MSG: java = 1.7.0_71 ************************************************************/11/10/1410:58:08 INFO
util.GSet:Computing capacity for map BlocksMapeditlog=/opt/hadoop/hadoop/dfs/name/current/edits
?.
?.
?.11/10/1410:58:08 INFO common.Storage:Storage directory

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/opt/hadoop/hadoop/dfs/name has been successfully formatted.11/10/1410:58:08 INFO namenode.NameNode:
SHUTDOWN_MSG:/************************************************************ SHUTDOWN_MSG: Shutting down
NameNode at hadoop-master/192.168.1.15 ************************************************************/
Starting Hadoop Services
The following command is to start all the Hadoop services on the Hadoop-Master.

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$ cd $HADOOP_HOME/sbin
$ start-all.sh
Adding a New DataNode in the Hadoop Cluster
Given below are the steps to be followed for adding new nodes to a Hadoop cluster.
Networking

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Add new nodes to an existing Hadoop cluster with some appropriate network configuration. Assume the following
network configuration.
For New node Configuration:
IP address :192.168.1.103
netmask:255.255.255.0

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hostname : slave3.in
Adding User and SSH Access
Add a User
On a new node, add "hadoop" user and set password of Hadoop user to "hadoop123" or anything you want by using
the following commands.

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useraddhadoop
passwdhadoop
Setup Password less connectivity from master to new slave.
Execute the following on the master
mkdir-p $HOME/.ssh

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chmod700 $HOME/.ssh
ssh-keygen-t rsa-P ''-f $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa
cat $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys
chmod644 $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys
Copy the public key to new slave node inhadoop user $HOME directory

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scp $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop@192.168.1.103:/home/hadoop/
Execute the following on the slaves
Login to hadoop. If not, login to hadoop user.

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suhadoopssh-X hadoop@192.168.1.103
Copy the content of public key into file "$HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys" and then change the permission for the
same by executing the following commands.

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cd $HOME
mkdir-p $HOME/.ssh
chmod700 $HOME/.ssh
cat id_rsa.pub >>$HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys
chmod644 $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys

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Check ssh login from the master machine. Now check if you can ssh to the new node without a password from the
master.
ssh hadoop@192.168.1.103or hadoop@slave3
Set Hostname of New Node
You can set hostname in file /etc/sysconfig/network

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Onnew slave3 machine
NETWORKING=yes
HOSTNAME=slave3.in
To make the changes effective, either restart the machine or run hostname command to a new machine with the
respective hostname (restart is a good option).

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On slave3 node machine:
hostname slave3.in
Update /etc/hosts on all machines of the cluster with the following lines:
192.168.1.102 slave3.in slave3
Now try to ping the machine with hostnames to check whether it is resolving to IP or not.

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On new node machine:
ping master.in
Start the DataNode on New Node
Start the datanode daemon manually using $HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoop-daemon.sh script. It will automatically
contact the master (NameNode) and join the cluster. We should also add the new node to the conf/slaves file in the

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master server. The script-based commands will recognize the new node.
Login to new node
suhadooporssh-X hadoop@192.168.1.103
Start HDFS on a newly added slave node by using the following command
./bin/hadoop-daemon.sh start datanode

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Check the output of jps command on a new node. It looks as follows.

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$ jps
7141DataNode
10312Jps
Removing a DataNode from the Hadoop Cluster
We can remove a node from a cluster on the fly, while it is running, without any data loss. HDFS provides a

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decommissioning feature, which ensures that removing a node is performed safely. To use it, follow the steps as
given below:
1. Login to master
Login to master machine user where Hadoop is installed.
$ suhadoop

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2 Change cluster configuration
An exclude file must be configured before starting the cluster. Add a key named dfs.hosts.exclude to our
$HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml file. The value associated with this key provides the full path to a file
on the NameNode's local file system which contains a list of machines which are not permitted to connect to HDFS.
For example, add these lines to etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml file.

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dfs.hosts.exclude
/home/hadoop/hadoop-1.2.1/hdfs_exclude.txt

DFS exclude

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3. Determine hosts to decommission
Each machine to be decommissioned should be added to the file identified by the hdfs_exclude.txt, one domain
name per line. This will prevent them from connecting to the NameNode. Content of the "/home/hadoop/hadoop-
1.2.1/hdfs_exclude.txt" file is shown below, if you want to remove DataNode2.slave2.in

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4. Force configuration reload
Run the command "$HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoopdfsadmin -refreshNodes" without the quotes.
$ $HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoopdfsadmin-refreshNodes
This will force the NameNode to re-read its configuration, including the newly updated ?excludes? file. It will
decommission the nodes over a period of time, allowing time for each node's blocks to be replicated onto machines

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which are scheduled to remain active.On slave2.in, check the jps command output. After some time, you will see the
DataNode process is shutdown automatically.
5. Shutdown nodes
After the decommission process has been completed, the decommissioned hardware can be safely shut down for
maintenance. Run the report command to dfsadmin to check the status of decommission. The following command

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will describe the status of the decommission node and the connected nodes to the cluster.


64 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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$ $HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoopdfsadmin-report
6. Edit excludes file again
Once the machines have been decommissioned, they can be removed from the ?excludes? file. Running
"$HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoopdfsadmin -refreshNodes" again will read the excludes file back into the
NameNode; allowing the DataNodes to rejoin the cluster after the maintenance has been completed, or additional

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capacity is needed in the cluster again, etc.

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Result:
Thus the program to install storage controller was executed successfully.

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65 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find a procedure to set up the one node Hadoop
cluster
Application:
Many organisations are required to deal with large data sets. To handle the large data sets these organisations

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use hadoop cluster. But they need to set up hadoop cluster with different number of nodes several times.


1) What is Big Data?
2) What are the four characteristics of Big Data?

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3) What are real-time industry applications of Hadoop?
4) What all modes Hadoop can be run in?
5) What are the most common Input Formats in Hadoop?
6) Define DataNode
7) What are the core methods of a Reducer?

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8) What is Job Tracker role in Hadoop?
9) What is the use of RecordReader in Hadoop?
10) What companies use Hadoop, any idea?
11) Why do we need Hadoop?
12) What is the basic difference between traditional RDBMS and Hadoop?

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Viva-Voce

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66 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

EX.NO.07: MOUNT THE ONE NODE HADOOP CLUSTER USING FUSE

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Aim:
To Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
Interfaces
Following are the important interfaces:
? Client<-->ResourceManager

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By using YarnClient objects.
? ApplicationMaster<-->ResourceManager
By using AMRMClientAsync objects, handling events asynchronously by
AMRMClientAsync.CallbackHandler
? ApplicationMaster<-->NodeManager

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Launch containers. Communicate with NodeManagers by using NMClientAsync objects, handling container
events by NMClientAsync.CallbackHandler
Writing a Simple Yarn Application
Writing a simple Client
? The first step that a client needs to do is to initialize and start a YarnClient.

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? YarnClientyarnClient = YarnClient.createYarnClient();
? yarnClient.init(conf);


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? yarnClient.start();
? Once a client is set up, the client needs to create an application, and get its application id.
? YarnClientApplication app = yarnClient.createApplication();
? GetNewApplicationResponseappResponse = app.getNewApplicationResponse();

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? The response from the YarnClientApplication for a new application also contains information about the
cluster such as the minimum/maximum resource capabilities of the cluster. This is required so that to ensure
that you can correctly set the specifications of the container in which the ApplicationMaster would be
launched. Please refer to GetNewApplicationResponse for more details.
? The main crux of a client is to setup the ApplicationSubmissionContext which defines all the information

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needed by the RM to launch the AM. A client needs to set the following into the context:
? Application info: id, name
? Queue, priority info: Queue to which the application will be submitted, the priority to be assigned for the
application.
? User: The user submitting the application

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? ContainerLaunchContext: The information defining the container in which the AM will be launched and run.
The ContainerLaunchContext, as mentioned previously, defines all the required information needed to run
the application such as the local *Resources (binaries, jars, files etc.), Environment settings (CLASSPATH
etc.), the Command to be executed and security T*okens (RECT).
The ApplicationReport received from the RM consists of the following:

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? General application information: Application id, queue to which the application was submitted, user who
submitted the application and the start time for the application.
? ApplicationMaster details: the host on which the AM is running, the rpc port (if any) on which it is
listening for requests from clients and a token that the client needs to communicate with the AM.

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68 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

? Application tracking information: If the application supports some form of progress tracking, it can set a
tracking url which is available via ApplicationReport?sgetTrackingUrl() method that a client can look at to

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monitor progress.
? Application status: The state of the application as seen by the ResourceManager is available via
ApplicationReport#getYarnApplicationState. If the YarnApplicationState is set to FINISHED, the client
should refer to ApplicationReport#getFinalApplicationStatus to check for the actual success/failure of the
application task itself. In case of failures, ApplicationReport#getDiagnostics may be useful to shed some

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more light on the the failure.
? If the ApplicationMaster supports it, a client can directly query the AM itself for progress updates via the
host:rpcport information obtained from the application report. It can also use the tracking url obtained
from the report if available.
? In certain situations, if the application is taking too long or due to other factors, the client may wish to kill

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the application. YarnClient supports the killApplication call that allows a client to send a kill signal to the
AM via the ResourceManager. An ApplicationMaster if so designed may also support an abort call via its
rpc layer that a client may be able to leverage.
? yarnClient.killApplication(appId);
Writing an ApplicationMaster (AM)

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? The AM is the actual owner of the job. It will be launched by the RM and via the client will be provided
all the necessary information and resources about the job that it has been tasked with to oversee and
complete.
? As the AM is launched within a container that may (likely will) be sharing a physical host with other
containers, given the multi-tenancy nature, amongst other issues, it cannot make any assumptions of

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things like pre-configured ports that it can listen on.
? When the AM starts up, several parameters are made available to it via the environment. These
include the ContainerId for the AM container, the application submission time and details about the

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69 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

NM (NodeManager) host running the ApplicationMaster. Ref ApplicationConstants for parameter
names.
? All interactions with the RM require an ApplicationAttemptId (there can be multiple attempts per

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application in case of failures). The ApplicationAttemptIdcan be obtained from the AM?s container id.
There are helper APIs to convert the value obtained from the environment into objects.
? In setupContainerAskForRM(), the follow two things need some set up:
? Resource capability: Currently, YARN supports memory based resource requirements so the request
should define how much memory is needed. The value is defined in MB and has to less than the max

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capability of the cluster and an exact multiple of the min capability. Memory resources correspond to
physical memory limits imposed on the task containers. It will also support computation based
resource (vCore), as shown in the code.
? Priority: When asking for sets of containers, an AM may define different priorities to each set. For
example, the Map-Reduce AM may assign a higher priority to containers needed for the Map tasks

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and a lower priority for the Reduce tasks? containers.
? After container allocation requests have been sent by the application manager, contailers will be
launched asynchronously, by the event handler of the AMRMClientAsync client. The handler should
implement AMRMClientAsync.CallbackHandler interface.
? When there are containers allocated, the handler sets up a thread that runs the code to launch

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containers. Here we use the name LaunchContainerRunnable to demonstrate. We will talk about the
LaunchContainerRunnable class in the following part of this article.
? heNMClientAsync object, together with its event handler, handles container events. Including
container start, stop, status update, and occurs an error.
? After the ApplicationMaster determines the work is done, it needs to unregister itself through the AM-

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RM client, and then stops the client.



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Result:
Thus the procedure to mount the one node hadoop cluster using FUSE was executed successfully.

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71 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact
with it

Application:

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The hadoop-hdfs-fuse package enables you to use your HDFS cluster as if it were a traditional
filesystem on Linux. It is assumed that you have a working HDFS cluster and know the hostname
and port that your NameNode exposes.

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1) 1. What is Apache Hadoop?
2) Why do we need Hadoop?
3) What are the core components of Hadoop?
4) What are the Features of Hadoop?
5) Compare Hadoop and RDBMS?

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6) What are the limitations of Hadoop?
7) Explain Data Locality in Hadoop?
8) What is a ?Distributed Cache? in Apache Hadoop?
9) How is security achieved in Hadoop?
10) What does jps command do in Hadoop?

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11) Is it possible to provide multiple input to Hadoop? If yes then how?
12) Is it possible to have hadoop job output in multiple directories? If yes, how?

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Viva-Voce


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EX.NO.08: WRITE A PROGRAM TO USE THE API?S OF HADOOP TO
INTERACT WITH IT
Aim:
To Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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Hadoop MapReduce is a software framework for easily writing applications which process vast amounts of data
(multi-terabyte data-sets) in-parallel on large clusters (thousands of nodes) of commodity hardware in a reliable,
fault-tolerant manner.
A MapReducejob usually splits the input data-set into independent chunks which are processed by the map tasks in
a completely parallel manner. The framework sorts the outputs of the maps, which are then input to the reduce

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tasks. Typically both the input and the output of the job are stored in a file-system. The framework takes care of
scheduling tasks, monitoring them and re-executes the failed tasks.
Typically the compute nodes and the storage nodes are the same, that is, the MapReduce framework and the
Hadoop Distributed File System are running on the same set of nodes. This configuration allows the framework to
effectively schedule tasks on the nodes where data is already present, resulting in very high aggregate bandwidth

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across the cluster.
The MapReduce framework consists of a single master ResourceManager, one slave NodeManager per cluster-
node, and MRAppMaster per application.
Minimally, applications specify the input/output locations and supply map and reduce functions via implementations
of appropriate interfaces and/or abstract-classes. These, and other job parameters, comprise the job configuration.

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FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice


0 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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College o f Engineering
?

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DEPARTMENT OF
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
VII SEMESTER - R 2013

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Name : ______________________________________
Reg. No. : ______________________________________

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Section : ______________________________________
LABORATORY MANUAL


1 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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DHANALAKSHMI


is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and enterprising

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professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and training.


? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic Excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at different levels

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? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart and
soul

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

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To strive for acquiring, applying and imparting knowledge in Computer Science and Engineering through quality
education and to provide enthusiastic professionals with commitment


? To produce highly competent and globally employable engineers in the field of Computer Science and

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Engineering
? To inculcate human values among the student community and make them realize their commitment to the society
? To exhibit excellence in pursuit of research and innovative products with a zeal to serve the society

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VISION
VISION
MISSION
MISSION

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2 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)
1. Fundamentals

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To provide students with a solid foundation in Mathematics, Science and fundamentals of engineering, enabling
them to apply, to find solutions for engineering problems and use this knowledge to acquire higher education
2. Core Competence
To train the students in Computer science and engineering technologies so that they apply their knowledge and
training to compare, and to analyze various engineering industrial problems to find solutions

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3. Breadth
To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice this enables them to
find solutions for the real time problems in industry, and to design products
4. Professionalism
To inculcate professional and effective communication skills, leadership qualities and team spirit in the students

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to make them multi-faceted personalities and develop their ability to relate engineering issues to broader social
context
5. Lifelong Learning/Ethics
To demonstrate and practice ethical and professional responsibilities in the industry and society in the large,
through commitment and lifelong learning needed for successful professional career

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4

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PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)
a) To demonstrate and apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Electronics and Communication Engineering field
b) To design a component, a system or a process to meet the specific needs within the realistic constraints

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such as economics, environment, ethics, health, safety and manufacturability
c) To demonstrate the competency to use software tools for computation, simulation and testing of electronics and
communication engineering circuits
d) To identify, formulate and solve electronic and communication engineering problems
e) To demonstrate an ability to visualize and work on laboratory and multidisciplinary tasks

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f) To function as a member or a leader in multidisciplinary activities
g) To communicate in verbal and written form with fellow engineers and society at large
h) To understand the impact of Electronics and Communication Engineering in the society and demonstrate awareness
of contemporary issues and commitment to give solutions exhibiting social responsibility
i) To demonstrate professional & ethical responsibilities

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j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning
k) To participate and succeed in competitive exams

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5 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

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SYLLABUS
Learn the working of ARM processor
Understand the Building Blocks of Embedded Systems
Learn the concept of memory map and memory interface
Know the characteristics of Real Time Systems

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Write programs to interface memory, I/Os with processor
Study the interrupt performance
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
GRID COMPUTING LAB
Use Globus Toolkit or equivalent and do the following:

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1. Develop a new Web Service for Calculator.
2. Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service.
3. Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service.
4. Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs
5. Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus Toolkit.

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6. Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it with and without
GRAM concept.

CLOUD COMPUTING LAB
Use Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent to set up the cloud and demonstrate.

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1. Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines
COURSE OBJECTIVES


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can be utilized at particular time.
2. Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even
after the release of the virtual machine.
3. Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program.

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4. Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other.
5. Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it.
6. Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster.
7. Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE.
8. Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it.

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9. Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits.
? Design and implement applications on the Grid.
? Design and Implement applications on the Cloud.
? Design network objects by applying the networking concepts.
? Create virtualization concept.

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? Design web based applications.
? Apply cloud tools for resource allocation.
? Apply grid tools for network translation.
? Design private cloud using open stack.
COURSE OUTCOMES

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7


CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

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CONTENTS
Sl. No. Name of the Experiment Page No.
CYCLE 1 ? EXPERIMENTS ( GRID COMPUTING)
1
Develop a new Web Service for Calculator 7

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2
Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service 16
3
Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service 19
4

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Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs 22
5
Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus
Toolkit
25

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6
Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it
with and without GRAM concept
27
CYCLE 2 ? EXPERIMENTS (CLOUD COMPUTING)

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1
Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how
many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
34
2

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Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it
holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
36
3 Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program 39
4

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Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to
the other
42
5 Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it 45
6 Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster 47

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7 Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE
ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS
1 Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it 52
2 Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks 55

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8 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO GRID COMPUTING


GRID TECHNOLOGY

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? Flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and
resource
? Grid architecture
? Defined using services and protocols

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? Using the ?sand hourglass? model similar to the TCP/IP protocol stack

"A computational grid is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides dependable, consistent, pervasive and
inexpensive access to high-end computational capabilities."
Grid computing makes it possible to dynamically share and coordinate dispersed, heterogeneous computing

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resources. Flexibility and ubiquity are essential characteristics of Web services technologies such as WSDL (Web
Services Description Language), SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), and UDDI (Universal Description,
Discovery, and Integration).
The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) combines technologies to unlock and exploit grid-attached resources.
OGSA defines mechanisms to create, manage, and exchange information between Grid Services, a special type of

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Web service. The architecture uses WSDL extensively to describe the structure and behavior of a service. Service
descriptions are located and discovered using Web Services Inspection Language (WSIL). By combining elements
from grid computing and Web services technologies, OGSA establishes an extensible and interoperable design and
development framework for Grid Services that includes details for service definition, discovery, and life-cycle
management.

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GLOBUS TOOLKIT

The Globus Toolkit provides software tools to make it easier to build computational grids and grid-based
applications. The Globus Toolkit is both an open architecture and open source toolkit.

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? The Globus Toolkit is a product of the Globus Alliance (http://www.globus.org)
? It is middleware for developing grids
? The current release is 6.0.
? Four key protocols and APIs
? Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI)

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? Grid Resource Allocation & Mgmt (GRAM)
? Grid Resource Information Protocol (GRIP) and Index Information Protocol (GIIP)
? Grid File Transfer Protocol (GridFTP)
? Implementations on many platforms
? Resources, security systems, data models,

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? Various collective layer protocols & tools
? Info services, replica management, etc.
? A basis for many Grid-enabled tools & apps
FTP, SSH, Condor, SRB, MPI, EDG, GridPort,
GLOBUS TOOLKIT? COMPONENTS

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? Security
? GSI ? Grid Security Infrastructure
? Resource Management
? GRAM ? Grid Resource Allocation Manager
o globusrun

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o RSL
o gatekeeper
o job manager
o DUROC ? Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator
? Information Services

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? MDS ? Monitoring and Discovery Service


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o GRIS ? Grid Resource Information Service
o GIIS ? Grid Index Information Service
o MDS Client
? Data Management
o GridFTP, GASS

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The Globus Toolkit latest version 6.0 includes:
GSI: security
GridFTP: file transfer
GRAM: job execution/resource management
MyProxy: credential repository/certificate authority

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GSI-OpenSSH: GSI secure single sign-on remote shell


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GLOBUS TOOLKIT INSTALLATION PROCEDURE
Step1: For installing Globus Toolkit nothing more easy than download the latest package:
http://toolkit.globus.org/ftppub/gt6/installers/repo/globus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
sudodpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Step2: Update the repositories: sudo apt-get update

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Step3: To install Debian or Ubuntu package, download the globus-toolkit-repo package
from the link above and install it with the command:
root@sysa63:/home/#dpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Do the following for Debian-based systems:
root@sysa63:/home/#apt-get install globus-data-management-client

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12 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 01: DEVELOP A NEW WEB SERVICE FOR CALCULATOR

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Aim:
Develop a Web Service for new Calculator
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Our first web service is an extremely simple Math Web Service, which we'll refer to asMathService. It will
2. allow users to perform the following operations:

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a. Addition
b. Subtraction
3. Furthermore, MathService will have the following resource properties (RPs for short):
a. Value (integer)
b. Last operation performed (string)

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4. We will also add a "Get Value" operation to access the Value RP. Once a new resource is created, the
"value" RP is initialized to zero, and the "last operation" RP is initialized to "NONE". The parameter is
added/subtracted to the "value" RP, and the "last operation" RP is changed to "ADDITION" or
"SUBTRACTION" accordingly. Also, the addition and subtraction operations don't return anything.
5. Writing and deploying a WSRF Web Service is easier than you might think. You just have to follow five

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simple steps.
6. Define the service's interface. This is done with WSDL
7. Implement the service. This is done with Java.
8. Define the deployment parameters. This is done with WSDD and JNDI
9. Compile everything and generate a GAR file. This is done with Ant

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10. Deploy service. This is also done with a GT4 tool

Sample Code:

_instance"

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xmlns ="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"
xmlns:tns="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/examples/core/MathService_instance"
xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsrp="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-
ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.xsd" xmlns:wsrpw="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-

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13 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.wsdl"
xmlns:wsdlpp="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/2004/10/WSDLPreprocessor"

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xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">

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Result:

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Thus the program for developing web service for new calculator was successfully executed.



14 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid by using Web Service for new Calculator

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Applications:
To make a calculator in Windows application using web service


1) What is Web Service?

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2) What are the advantages of web services?
3) What are the different types of web services?
4) What is SOAP?
5) What are the advantages of SOAP web services?
6) What are the disadvantages of SOAP web services?

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7) What is WSDL?
8) What is UDDI?
9) What are RESTful web services?
10) What are the advantages of RESTful web services?
11) What is the difference between SOAP and REST web services?

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12) What is SOA service architecture?
13) What tools are used to deploy web services?
14) What is Web Service architecture?
15) What are the advantages of web services in globus toolkit?
16) What are the different types of web services?

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17) What is SOAP web services?
18) What is UDP and TCP?
19) What is stateless SOA?
20) What is data balancing in WSDL?
Viva-voce

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15 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 02: DEVELOP NEW OGSA-COMPLIANT WEB SERVICE

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Aim:
To develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid Service using .NET language.
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

1. Developed by the Global Grid Forum

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2. Aims to define a common, standard, open architecture for Grid Applications.
3. Defines a set of rules that make up a grid service.
4. Sharing and Coordinated use of diverse resources in Dynamic VO's

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Result:
Thus the program for developing OGSA- Complaint web service was successfully executed.

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid
Service using .NET language
Applications:
? Sharing of information among diverse components of large heterogenous grid systems
? WAN

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1. How would you decide what style of Web Service to use? SOAP WS or REST?
2. Does the service expose data or business logic?

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3. Do consumers and the service providers require a formal contract?
4. Do we need to support multiple data formats?
5. Do we need to make AJAX calls?
6. Is the call synchronous or asynchronous?
7. What level of security is required?

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8. What level of transaction support is required?
9. Do we have limited band width?
10. What tools do you use to test your Web Services?
11. What is the difference between SOA and a Web service?
12. What is a microservice architecture (aka MSA)?

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13. What is data integrity?
14. What is cloud infrastructure?


Viva-voce

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17 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 03: USING APACHE AXIS DEVELOP A GRID SERVICE

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Aim:
To develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Creating the New Level in the Package
2. Edit the Configuration Files

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3. Modify the Service Code
4. Modify the Client
5. Compile and Deploy
6. Starting the Container
7. Compile the Client

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8. Run the Client

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18 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:
Addition was successful
Subtraction was successful

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Multiplication was successful
Division was successful
Current value: 20.

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Result:
Thus the program for Grid Service using Apache Axis was successfully executed.

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19 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Applications:
? To create web service in Java

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? To work with Globus Tool kit standards web service


1. What are the different application integration styles?
2. What is Grid Computing?

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3. What is QOS?
4. What are the derivatives of grid computing?
5. What are the features of data grids?
6. What is load balancing?
7. What is grid infrastructure?

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8. Define ? Distributed Computing.
9. Define ? OSGI.
10. Define ? OSGA.
11. What is the use of API?s in cloud services?
12. What is the difference between cloud and grid?

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13. What is data communication?
14. What are the elements of data communication?

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Viva-voce

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20 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 04: DEVELOP APPLICATIONS USING JAVA OR C/C++ GRID
APIS
Aim:

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To develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
1. Import all the necessary java packages and name the file as GridLayoutDemo.java
2. Set up components to preferred size
3. Add buttons to experiment with Grid Layout
4. Add controls to set up horizontal and vertical gaps

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5. Process the Apply gaps button press
6. Create the GUI
7. Create and set up the window,Set up the content pane and Display the Window
8. Schedule a job for the event dispatch thread
9. Show the application's GUI

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21 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00



Sample Output:

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Figure 1: Horizontal, Left-to-Right Figure 2: Horizontal, Right-to-Left

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Result:
Thus the program to develop an application in java using Grid APIs was successfully executed.

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22 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Applications:
Used for defining a application programme interface for common distributes computing functionality

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1) Describe the two most important advantages of using Distributed/Grid Computing.
2) What is the main function of DNS?
3) Briefly outline two applications of Public Key systems.

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4) Provide one major difference between synchronous and asynchronous communication.
5) Provide one major difference between ASCII and Unicode encodings.
6) Provide two major differences between sequential computing and parallel computing.
7) Write the any three Grid Applications.
8) Give the examples of Hardware service provider.

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9) Give the example of software application ASP.
10) What are grid portals? Give example.
11) What are the high level services including in existing globus tool kit?
12) Name the components available in Nimrod architecture?
13) What are the major objectives of Euro grid project?

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14) What is the application specific work packages identified for the Euro grid?
15) Define dynamic accounting system.

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Viva-voce


23 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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EX.NO. 05: DEVELOP SECURED APPLICATIONS USING BASIC
SECURITY MECHANISMS AVAILABLE IN GLOBUS TOOLKIT.
Aim:
To develop a secured applications using a basic security mechanisms available in Globus toolkit

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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The Globus Toolkit incorporates multiple security components that establish the identity of users or services
(authentication), protect communications, and determine who is allowed to perform what actions (authorization), as
well as manage user credentials.
? GSI C: The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and
certificate management.

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? MyProxy: MyProxy is open source software for managing X.509 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) security
credentials (certificates and private keys).
? GSI-OpenSSH: GSI-OpenSSH is a modified version of OpenSSH that adds support for X.509 proxy
certificate authentication and delegation, providing a single sign-on remote login and file transfer service.
The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and certificate

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management. The authentication API is built using Public KeyInfrastructure (PKI) technologies, e.g. X.509
Certificates and TLS. In addition to authentication it features a delegation mechanism based upon X.509 Proxy
Certificates. Authorization support takes the form of a couple of APIs. The first provides a generic authorization API
that allows callouts to perform access control based on the client's credentials (i.e. the X.509 certificate chain). The
second provides a simple access control list that maps authorized remote entities to local (system) user names. The

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second mechanism also provides callouts that allow third parties to override the default behavior and is currently
used in the Gatekeeper and GridFTP servers. In addition to the above there are various lower level APIs and tools
for managing, discovering and querying certificates.
Components for Grid Security
1. Basic Security Mechanisms

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2. Components for Credential Generation
3. Components for Credential Management


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Beyond verifying the identities of users and services, basic Grid security mechanisms leave access control decisions
to services. The Grid community has developed authorization and access control tools for storing and providing
access to system-wide authorization information and for creating a central data store for supporting decentralized
control mechanisms.

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Basic Security Mechanisms
? Pre-Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A non-Web services implementation of the Grid
Security Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI
mechanisms
? Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A Web services implementation of the Grid Security

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Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI mechanisms

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Result:
Thus the program to develop a security application available in Globus toolkit was successfully executed.
Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a secured applications using a basic security
mechanisms available in Globus toolkit

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25 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Applications:
To provide easy acces to best breed open source network security

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1. What are the collective services available in grid computing?
2. What are the basic principles of autonomous computing?
3. What are the four essential characteristics of on demand business?

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4. What are the essential capabilities provided by on demand business?
5. What are the two most important technologies for building semantic webs?
6. Define Peer to Peer computing?
7. What is the combination of Globus GT3 toolkit?
8. What is a GT3 core?

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9. What are the components available in service model?
10. Define WS-Trust
11. Define WS ?Federation
12. Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
13. Who are the actors in CDC?

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14. Mention the scenarios in CDC?
15. What are the functional requirements of CDC on OGSA?

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Viva-voce


26 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 06: DEVELOP A GRID PORTAL, WHERE USER CAN SUBMIT
A JOB AND GET THE RESULT, IMPLEMENT IT WITH AND WITHOUT
GRAM CONCEPT.
Aim:

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To develop a Grid portal and implement it with and without GRAM concept
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
Multiple times that the likely user interface to grid applications will be through portals, specifically Web portals. A grid
portal may be constructed as a Web page interface to provide easy access to grid applications. The Web user
interface provides user authentication, job submission, job monitoring, and results of the job.

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Globus Resource Allocation Manager (GRAM)
When a job is submitted by a client, the request is sent to the remote host and handled by a gatekeeper daemon.
The gatekeeper creates a job manager to start and monitor the job. When the job is finished, the job manager
sends the status information back to the client and terminates.
The GRAM subsystem consists of the following elements:

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? The globusrun command and associated APIs Resource Specification Language (RSL)
? The gatekeeper daemon The job manager Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator (DUROC)
Each of these elements are described briefly below.
The globusrun command
The globusrun command (or its equivalent API) submits a job to a resource within the grid. This command

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is typically passed an RSL string (see below) that specifies parameters and other properties required to successfully
launch and run the job


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Resource Specification Language (RSL)
RSL is a language used by clients to specify the job to be run. All job submission requests are described in an RSL
string that includes information such as the executable file; its parameters; information about redirection of stdin,
stdout, and stderr; and so on. Basically it provides a standard way of specifying all of the information required to

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execute a job, independent of the target environment. It is then the responsibility of the job manager on the target
system to parse the information and launch the job in the appropriate way.
The syntax of RSL is very straightforward. Each statement is enclosed within parenthesis. Comments are
designated with parenthesis and asterisks, for example, (* this is a comment *). Supported attributes include the
following:

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rsl_substitution: Defines variables
executable: The script or command to be run
arguments: Information or flags to be passed to the executable
stdin: Specifies the remote URL and local file used for the executable stdout: Specifies the remote file to place
standard output from the job stderr: Specifies the remote file to place standard error from the job queue: Specifies the

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queue to submit the job (requires a scheduler) count: Specifies the number of executions
directory: Specifies the directory to run the job
project: Specifies a project account for the job (requires a scheduler) dryRun: Verifies the RSL string but
does not run the job
maxMemory: Specifies the maximum amount of memory in MBs required for the job

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minMemory: Specifies the minimum amount of memory in MBs required for the job
hostCount: Specifies the number of nodes in a cluster required for the job environment: Specifies environment
variables that are required for the job
jobType: Specifies the type of job single process, multi-process, mpi, or condor
maxTime: Specifies the maximum execution wall or cpu time for one execution

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maxWallTime: Specifies the maximum walltime for one execution maxCpuTime: Specifies the maximum
cpu time for one execution
gramMyjob: Specifies the whether the gram myjob interface starts one process/thread (independent) or more
(collective)

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Result:
Thus the program to develop Grid Portal was successfully executed.

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29 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid portal and implement it with and
without GRAM concept
Application:

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? It is useful and necessary for interfaces for the performance of operations on the Grid. The Grid
Portal Development Kit (GPDK) facilitates the development of Grid portals and provides several key
reusable components for accessing various Grid services.
? A Grid Portal provides a customizable interface allowing scientists to perform a variety of Grid
operations including remote program submission, file staging, and querying of information services

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from a single, secure gateway.
? The Grid Portal Development Kit leverages off existing Globus/Grid middleware infrastructure as
well as commodity web technology including Java Server Pages and servlets .

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1) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?
2) What are the major goals of OGSA?
3) What are the more specific goals of OGSA?
4) What are the main purposes of use case defined by OGSA?

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5) Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
6) What are the layers available in OGSA architectural organizations?
7) What are the OGSA basic services?
8) What are the two aspects involved in GRAM?
9) What are the two kinds of lifecycle model associated with state data recovery?

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10) What is a GT3 core?
11) What are the major components of default server side framework?
12) What is Grid container?
13) What are the two levels of security available in GT3?
14) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?

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15) What are the two different message-level authentication mechanisms provided by GT3 framework?
16) What are the most common GT3 security handlers?
Viva-voce

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30 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

INTRODUCTION TO CLOUD COMPUTING

What is cloud computing?

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Cloud computing means that instead of all the computer hardware and software you're using sitting on your
desktop, or somewhere inside your company's network, it's provided for you as a service by another company and
accessed over the Internet, usually in a completely seamless way. Exactly where the hardware and software is
located and how it all works doesn't matter to you, the user?it's just somewhere up in the nebulous "cloud" that the
Internet represents.

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Cloud computing is a buzzword that means different things to different people. For some, it's just another way of
describing IT (information technology) "outsourcing"; others use it to mean any computing service provided over the
Internet or a similar network; and some define it as any bought-in computer service you use that sits outside your
firewall.
Types of cloud computing

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IT people talk about three different kinds of cloud computing, where different services are being provided for you.
Note that there's a certain amount of vagueness about how these things are defined and some overlap between
them.
? Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) means you're buying access to raw computing hardware over the Net,
such as servers or storage. Since you buy what you need and pay-as-you-go, this is often referred to as

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utility computing. Ordinary web hosting is a simple example of IaaS: you pay a monthly subscription or a
per-megabyte/gigabyte fee to have a hosting company serve up files for your website from their servers.
? Software as a Service (SaaS) means you use a complete application running on someone else's system.
Web-based email and Google Documents are perhaps the best-known examples. Zoho is another well-
known SaaS provider offering a variety of office applications online.

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? Platform as a Service (PaaS) means you develop applications using Web-based tools so they run on
systems software and hardware provided by another company. So, for example, you might develop your
own ecommerce website but have the whole thing, including the shopping cart, checkout, and payment
mechanism running on a merchant's server. App Cloud (from salesforce.com) and the Google App Engine
are examples of PaaS.

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Advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing
Advantages
The pros of cloud computing are obvious and compelling. If your business is selling books or repairing shoes,
why get involved in the nitty gritty of buying and maintaining a complex computer system? If you run an insurance
office, do you really want your sales agents wasting time running anti-virus software, upgrading word-processors, or

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worrying about hard-drive crashes? Do you really want them cluttering your expensive computers with their personal


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emails, illegally shared MP3 files, and naughty YouTube videos?when you could leave that responsibility to
someone else? Cloud computing allows you to buy in only the services you want, when you want them, cutting the
upfront capital costs of computers and peripherals. You avoid equipment going out of date and other familiar IT
problems like ensuring system security and reliability. You can add extra services (or take them away) at a moment's
notice as your business needs change. It's really quick and easy to add new applications or services to your

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business without waiting weeks or months for the new computer (and its software) to arrive.
Drawbacks
Instant convenience comes at a price. Instead of purchasing computers and software, cloud computing means you
buy services, so one-off, upfront capital costs become ongoing operating costs instead. That might work out much
more expensive in the long-term.

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If you're using software as a service (for example, writing a report using an online word processor or sending emails
through webmail), you need a reliable, high-speed, broadband Internet connection functioning the whole time you're
working. That's something we take for granted in countries such as the United States, but it's much more of an issue
in developing countries or rural areas where broadband is unavailable.
An Introduction to Cloud Computing with OpenNebula

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An OpenNebula Private Cloud provides infrastructure users with an elastic platform for fast delivery and scalability of
services to meet dynamic demands of service end-users. Services are hosted in VMs, and then submitted,
monitored and controlled in the Cloud by using Sunstone or any of the OpenNebula interfaces:
? Command Line Interface (CLI)
? XML-RPC API

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? OpenNebulaRuby and Java Cloud APIs
The aim of a Private Cloud is not to expose to the world a cloud interface to sell capacity over the Internet, but to
provide local cloud users and administrators with a flexible and agile private infrastructure to run virtualized service
workloads within the administrative domain. OpenNebula virtual infrastructure interfaces expose user and
administrator functionality for virtualization, networking, image and physical resource configuration, management,

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monitoring and accounting.

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Expt.No.1: FIND PROCEDURE TO RUN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE OF
DIFFERENT CONFIGURATION. CHECK HOW MANY VIRTUAL
MACHINES CAN BE UTILIZED AT PARTICULAR TIME.

Aim:

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To Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be
utilized at particular time
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

Creating Virtual Machines
In OpenNebula the Virtual Machines are defined with Template files. The Template Repository system allows

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OpenNebula administrators and users to register Virtual Machine definitions in the system, to be instantiated later as
Virtual Machine instances. These Templates can be instantiated several times, and also shared with other users.
Virtual Machine Model
A Virtual Machine within the OpenNebula system consists of:
? A capacity in terms memory and CPU

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? A set of NICs attached to one or more virtual networks
? A set of disk images
? A state file (optional) or recovery file, that contains the memory image of a running VM plus some hypervisor
specific information.
The above items, plus some additional VM attributes like the OS kernel and context information to be used inside the

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VM, are specified in a template file.
Defining a VM in 3 Steps
Virtual Machines are defined in an OpenNebula Template. Templates are stored in a repository to easily browse and
instantiate VMs from them. To create a new Template you have to define 3 things

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33 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

? Capacity & Name, how big will the VM be?
Attribute Description Mandatory Default

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NAME Name that the VM will get for description purposes. Yes one-
MEMORY Amount of RAM required for the VM, in Megabytes. Yes
CPU CPU ratio (e..g half a physical CPU is 0.5). Yes
VCPU Number of virtual cpus. No 1
Disks. Each disk is defined with a DISK attribute. A VM can use three types of disk:

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? Use a persistent Image changes to the disk image will persist after the VM is shutdown.
? Use a non-persistent Image images are cloned, changes to the image will be lost.
? Volatile disks are created on the fly on the target host. After the VM is shutdown the disk is disposed.

Persistent and Clone Disks

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Attribute Description Mandatory Default
IMAGE_ID and IMAGE The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes
IMAGE_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No self
IMAGE_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No self
Volatile

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Attribute Description Mandatory Default
TYPE
Type of the disk: swap, fs. swap type will set the label to swap so it is
easier to mount and the context packages will automatically mount it.
Yes

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SIZE size in MB Yes
FORMAT
filesystem for fs images: ext2, ext3, etc. raw will not format the image. For
VMs to run on vmfs or vmwareshared configurations, the valid values are:
Yes

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Attribute Description Mandatory Default

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vmdk_thin, vmdk_zeroedthick, vmdk_eagerzeroedthick

Network Interfaces. Each network interface of a VM is defined with the NIC attribute.
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
NETWORK_ID and NETWORK The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes

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NETWORK_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No Self
NETWORK_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No Self

The following example shows a VM Template file with a couple of disks and a network interface, also a VNC section
was added.

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NAME = test-vm
MEMORY = 128
CPU = 1

DISK = [ IMAGE = "Arch Linux" ]

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DISK = [ TYPE = swap,
SIZE = 1024 ]

NIC = [ NETWORK = "Public", NETWORK_UNAME="oneadmin" ]

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GRAPHICS = [
TYPE = "vnc",
LISTEN = "0.0.0.0"]
Simple templates can be also created using the command line instead of creating a template file. The parameters to
do this for onetemplate are:

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Parameter

Description
--namename Name for the VM

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--cpucpu CPU percentage reserved for the VM (1=100% one CPU)


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Parameter

Description
--vcpuvcpu Number of virtualized CPUs

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--archarch Architecture of the VM, e.g.: i386 or x86_64
--memorymemory Memory ammount given to the VM
--diskdisk0,disk1 Disks to attach. To use a disk owned by other user use user[disk]
--nicvnet0,vnet1 Networks to attach. To use a network owned by other user use user[network]
--rawstring

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Raw string to add to the template. Not to be confused with the RAW attribute. If you want
to provide more than one element, just include an enter inside quotes, instead of using
more than one -raw option
--vnc Add VNC server to the VM
--ssh[file]

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Add an ssh public key to the context. If the file is omited then the user variable
SSH_PUBLIC_KEY will be used.
--net_context Add network contextualization parameters
--contextline1,line2 * Lines to add to the context section
--bootdevice Select boot device (hd, fd, cdrom or network)

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A similar template as the previous example can be created with the following command:
$ onetemplate create --name test-vm --memory 128 --cpu 1 --disk "Arch Linux" --nic Public
Managing Virtual Machines
Assuming we have a VM Template registered called vm-example with ID 6, then we can instantiate the VM issuing
a:

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$ onetemplate list

ID USER GROUP NAME REGTIME
6 oneadminoneadminvm_example 09/28 06:44:07

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$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm


36 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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VM ID: 0
If the template has USER INPUTSdefined the CLI will prompt the user for these values:
$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm

There are some parameters that require user input.

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* (BLOG_TITLE) Blog Title:
* (DB_PASSWORD) Database Password:
VM ID: 0
Afterwards, the VM can be listed with the onevmlist command. You can also use the onevmtop command to list VMs

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continuously.
$ onevm list

ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME
0 oneadminoneadminmy_vm pend 0 0K 00 00:00:03

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After a Scheduling cycle, the VM will be automatically deployed. But the deployment can also be forced by oneadmin
using onevmdeploy:
$ onehost list

ID NAME RVM TCPU FCPU ACPU TMEM FMEM AMEM STAT

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2 testbed 0 800 800 800 16G 16G16G on
$ onevm deploy 0 2

$ onevm list

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ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME
0 oneadminoneadminmy_vmrunn 0 0K testbed 00 00:02:40

$ onevm show 0
VIRTUAL MACHINE 0 INFORMATION

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ID :0
NAME : my_vm
USER : oneadmin
GROUP : oneadmin

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37 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

STATE : ACTIVE
LCM_STATE : RUNNING

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START TIME : 04/14 09:00:24
END TIME : -
DEPLOY ID: : one-0
PERMISSIONS
OWNER : um-

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GROUP : ---
OTHER : ---
VIRTUAL MACHINE MONITORING
NET_TX : 13.05
NET_RX : 0

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USED MEMORY : 512
USED CPU : 0
VIRTUAL MACHINE TEMPLATE
VIRTUAL MACHINE HISTORY

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SEQ HOSTNAME REASON START TIME PTIME

0 testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00
testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00

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38 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:

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Thus the program to run virtual machines on different configuration was successfully executed & its utilization time is
checked in various machines.


39 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find procedure to run the virtual machine of different

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Configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
Applications:
? An advantage of virtualizing the workload?s I/O path enables hardware independence by
abstracting vendor specific drivers to more generalized versions that run on the hypervisor.
? It allows the live migration, which is one of virtualization?s greatest availability strengths

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? The sharing of aggregate resources, such as network paths



1. What is cloud computing?

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2. What are the benefits of cloud computing?
3. What are the different data types used in cloud computing?
4. What are the different layers in cloud computing?
5. What do you mean by software as a service?
6. What is on-demand functionality? How is it provided in cloud computing?

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7. What are the platforms used for large scale cloud computing?
8. What are the different models for deployment in cloud computing?
9. What is the difference between cloud computing and mobile computing?
10. What are the open source cloud computing platform databases?
11. What is the difference between cloud and traditional datacenters?

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12. Why API's is used in cloud services?
13. What are the different datacenters in cloud computing?
14. Define API in data virtualization?
15. List of API in cloud?
Viva-voce

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40 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No.02: FIND PROCEDURE TO ATTACH VIRTUAL BLOCK TO

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THE VIRTUAL MACHINE AND CHECK WHETHER IT HOLDS THE
DATA EVEN AFTER THE RELEASE OF THE VIRTUAL MACHINE.
Aim:
To find a procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even after the
release of the virtual machine

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos

Procedure:
VirtualBox uses a special kernel module called vboxdrv to perform physical memory allocation and to gain control of
the processor for guest system execution. Without this kernel module, you can still use the VirtualBox manager to

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configure virtual machines, but they will not start. In addition, there are the network kernel modules vboxnetflt and
vboxnetadp which are required for the more advanced networking features of VirtualBox.
The VirtualBox kernel module is automatically installed on your system when you install VirtualBox. To
maintain it with future kernel updates, for those Linux distributions which provide it -- most current ones -- we
recommend installing Dynamic Kernel Module Support (DKMS). This framework helps with building and upgrading

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kernel modules.
If DKMS is not already installed, execute one of the following:
On an Ubuntu system:
sudo apt-get install dkms
If DKMS is available and installed, the VirtualBox kernel module should always work automatically, and it will be

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automatically rebuilt if your host kernel is updated.
Otherwise, there are only two situations in which you will need to worry about the kernel module:
1. The original installation fails. This probably means that your Linux system is not prepared for building
external kernel modules.

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41 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Most Linux distributions can be set up simply by installing the right packages - normally, these will be the
GNU compiler (GCC), GNU Make (make) and packages containing header files for your kernel - and making

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sure that all system updates are installed and that the system is running the most up-to-date kernel included
in the distribution. The version numbers of the header file packages must be the same as that of the kernel
you are using.
? With Debian and Ubuntu releases, you must install the right version of the linux-headers and if it exists
the linux-kbuild package. Current Ubuntu releases should have the right packages installed by default.

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? In even older Debian and Ubuntu releases, you must install the right version of the kernel-headers
package.
? On Fedora and Redhat systems, the package is kernel-devel.
? On SUSE and openSUSE Linux, you must install the right versions of the kernel-source and kernel-syms
packages.

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? If you have built your own kernel, you will need to make sure that you also installed all the required
header and other files for building external modules to the right locations. The details of how to do
this will depend on how you built your kernel, and if you are unsure you should consult the
documentation which you followed to do so.
2. The kernel of your Linux host was updated and DKMS is not installed. In that case, the kernel module will

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need to be reinstalled by executing (as root):
rcvboxdrv setup
Performing the installation
VirtualBox is available in a number of package formats native to various common Linux distributions. In addition,
there is an alternative generic installer (.run) which should work on most Linux distributions.

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Installing VirtualBox from a Debian/Ubuntu package
First, download the appropriate package for your distribution. The following examples assume that you are installing
to a 32-bit Ubuntu Wily system. Use dpkg to install the Debian package:
sudodpkg -i virtualbox-5.0_5.0.20_Ubuntu_wily_i386.deb
The installer will also try to build kernel modules suitable for the current running kernel. If the build process is not

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successful you will be shown a warning and the package will be left unconfigured. Please have a look at /var/log/vbox-
install.log to find out why the compilation failed. You may have to install the appropriate Linux kernel After correcting
any problems, do

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42 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

sudorcvboxdrv setup
This will start a second attempt to build the module.
If a suitable kernel module was found in the package or the module was successfully built, the installation script will

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attempt to load that module.
Once VirtualBox has been successfully installed and configured, you can start it by selecting "VirtualBox" in your
start menu or from the command line.
Using the alternative installer (VirtualBox.run)
The alternative installer performs the following steps:

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? It unpacks the application files to the target directory,
/opt/VirtualBox/
which cannot be changed.
? It builds the VirtualBox kernel modules (vboxdrv, vboxnetflt and vboxnetadp) and installs them.
? It creates /sbin/rcvboxdrv, an init script to start the VirtualBox kernel module.

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? It creates a new system group called vboxusers.
? It creates symbolic links in /usr/bin to the a shell script (/opt/VirtualBox/VBox) which does some sanity checks
and dispatches to the actual executables, VirtualBox, VBoxSDL, VBoxVRDP, VBoxHeadless and VBoxManage
? It creates /etc/udev/rules.d/60-vboxdrv.rules, a description file for udev, if that is present, which makes the USB
devices accessible to all users in the vboxusers group.

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? It writes the installation directory to /etc/vbox/vbox.cfg.
The installer must be executed as root with either install or uninstall as the first parameter.
sudo ./VirtualBox.run install
Or if you do not have the "sudo" command available, run the following as root instead:
./VirtualBox.run install

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43 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

After that you need to put every user which should be able to access USB devices from VirtualBox guests in the

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group vboxusers, either through the GUI user management tools or by running the following command as root:
sudousermod -a -G vboxusers username
Performing a manual installation
If, for any reason, you cannot use the shell script installer described previously, you can also perform a manual
installation. Invoke the installer like this:

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./VirtualBox.run --keep --noexec
This will unpack all the files needed for installation in the directory install under the current directory. The VirtualBox
application files are contained in VirtualBox.tar.bz2 which you can unpack to any directory on your system. For
example:
sudomkdir /opt/VirtualBox

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sudo tar jxf ./install/VirtualBox.tar.bz2 -C /opt/VirtualBox
or as root:
mkdir /opt/VirtualBox
tarjxf ./install/VirtualBox.tar.bz2 -C /opt/VirtualBox
The sources for VirtualBox's kernel module are provided in the src directory. To build the module, change to the

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directory and issuemake
If everything builds correctly, issue the following command to install the module to the appropriate module directory:
sudo make install
In case you do not have sudo, switch the user account to root and performmake install
The VirtualBox kernel module needs a device node to operate. The above make command will tell you how to create

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the device node, depending on your Linux system. The procedure is slightly different for a classical Linux setup with
a /dev directory, a system with the now deprecated devfs and a modern Linux system with udev.
Note that the /dev/vboxdrv kernel module device node must be owned by root:root and must be read/writable only for
the user.Next, you will have to install the system initialization script for the kernel module:
cp /opt/VirtualBox/vboxdrv.sh /sbin/rcvboxdrv

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mkdir /etc/vbox
echo INSTALL_DIR=/opt/VirtualBox> /etc/vbox/vbox.cfg


44 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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and, for convenience, create the following symbolic links:
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VirtualBox
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxManage
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxHeadless

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ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxSDL

Sample Output:

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Result:
Thus the program to attach virtual block to virtual machine was successfully executed & checked whether it holds the

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data after the release of the virtual machine.


45 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find a procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual
machine and check whether it holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine

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Application:
? To support the Cloud Computing with the Virtual Block Store System. The fast development of cloud
computing systems stimulates the needs for a standalone block storage system to provide persistent
block storage services to virtual machines maintained by clouds.

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1. What is Type-1 and Type-2 hypervisor?
2. What is the use of virsh command?
3. Explain how you can transfer volume from one owner to another in Open Stack?

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4. Discuss about KVM Features?
5. What is Virtual block?
6. What is Virtualization?
7. What are virtual clusters?
8. How virtualization happens in data center?

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9. List some of the open source grid middleware packages.
10. What is a programming model?
11. What is Hadoop?
12. What are map and reduce functions?
13. How to run a job in hadoop?

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14. What is HDFS?
15. What are the open source grid middleware packages?
16. What is peer to peer computing?
17. What are node clusters?
18. How virtual migration happens in data center?

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Viva-voce


46 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No.03: INSTALL A C COMPILER IN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE AND
EXECUTE A SAMPLE PROGRAM.
Aim:
To Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Create a VM and Install any OS on it.

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2.Install a C compiler on OS
3.Open a Editor and type the sample program and Save.
4.Compile and run the Program
Example:
C programming on Linux based Environement

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1. Open Terminal (Applications-Accessories-Terminal)
2. Open gedit by typing ?gedit&? on terminal(You can also use any other Text Editor application)
3. Type the following on gedit
(or any other text editor)

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#include
main()
{
printf("Hello World\n");
}

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Save this file as
?helloworld. C?
5. Type ?ls? on Terminal to see all files under current folder
6. Confirm that ?helloworld.c? is in the current directory.
If not, type cd DIRECTORY_PATH to go to the

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directory that has ?helloworld.c?
7. Type ?gcchelloworld.c? to compile, and type ?ls? to
confirm that a new executable file ?a.out? is created
8. Type ?./a.out? on Terminal to run the program

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47 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to install a C complier is done and the sample program was executed successfully.

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48 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and
execute a sample program
Application:
The application of installing a C compiler in the virtual machine benefits to have a portable executable, for

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each platform.

1. What is the difference between Xen & KVM ?
2. What are different hypervisors available in Linux ?
3. Which command is used to list all virtual machine running on the KVM hypervisor ?

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4. What are the different states of a VM in Xen hypervisor ?
5. How to forcefully shutdown the KVM based virtual machine from the command line ?
6. What is virtual Machine?
7. What is Compiler?
8. What is Directory?

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9. List the C Compilers available?
10. What is virtualization?
11. List out VM operations
12. What are different hypervisors available in windows?
13. How to implement applications on the cloud to install C compiler?

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14. What are grid and cloud tools available?
15. What is hypervisor?
Viva-voce

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49 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No.04: SHOW THE VIRTUAL MACHINE MIGRATION BASED ON
THE CERTAIN CONDITION FROM ONE NODE TO THE OTHER.

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Aim:
To Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other

Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

Procedure:
1.Update source and target virtual machines to latest package versions

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To help ensure that platform images between cloud providers are running the same version of key operating system
packages, update these packages to the latest versions on both source and target virtual machines.
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
2. Install rsync and screen packages on source and target virtual machines

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The migration of application packages and files in this process will use rsync over ssh between source and target
virtual machines. The actual transfer of files between virtual machines can take some time, so I also recommend
using screen so that you can easily re-attach to an in-progress migration session if you are inadvertently
disconnected.
Ensure that rsync and screen packages are installed on both the source and target virtual machines with these

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commands:
sudo apt-get install rsync
sudo apt-get install screen
3. Add a consistent user account to both source and target virtual machines
To facilitate the migration process, ensure that you have a consistent user account configured on both source and

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target virtual machines with sudo enabled. The newly provisioned target virtual machines from Task 3 already


50 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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include a user named azureuser with sudo enabled. To configure this same user on each source virtual machine,
use the following commands:
sudogroupadd -g 500 azureuser
sudouseradd -u 500 -g 500 -m -s /bin/bash azureuser
sudopasswdazureuser

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4. Start a screen session for the migration
On the source virtual machine, enter a new screen session for the migration by using the following command:
sudo screen -S AzureMigration
If you are disconnected from the source virtual machine during the migration process, you can reconnect to the
detached screen session by using the following command after signing in again to the source virtual machine:

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sudo screen -r
5. Build an exclusion list of directories and files
During the migration, we want to be careful to skip any files that include configuration information relating to the
identity of the source virtual machines, such as IP addresses, hostnames, ssh keys, etc. For the Ubuntu-based
virtual machines that we migrated, we used the following commands on each source virtual machine to build our

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list of directories and files to exclude from the migration process:
EXCLUDEFILE=/tmp/exclude.file
EXCLUDELIST='/boot /etc/fstab /etc/hostname /etc/issue /etc/hosts
/etc/sudoers /etc/networks /etc/network/* /etc/resolv.conf
/etc/ssh/* /etc/sysctl.conf /etc/mtab /etc/udev/rules.d/*

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/lock /net /tmp'
EXCLUDEPATH=$(echo $EXCLUDELIST | sed 's/\ /\\n/g')
echo -e $EXCLUDEPATH > $EXCLUDEFILE
find / -name '*cloud-init*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE
find / -name '*cloud-config*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE

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find / -name '*cloud-final*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE


51 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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The actual list of directories and files that you exclude may vary from this list, based on the Linux distro version,
packages and applications that you are migrating.
Credits: Kudos to Kevin Carter who wrote a great article a couple years ago that provided a useful starting point for
building a list of directories and files to consider excluding as part of a Linux-to-Linux migration process!
6. Stop applications during migration

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To minimize application data changes from occurring during the migration process, stop the related applications and
daemons on the source virtual machines. The application that we migrated was a web application built using
Apache2, so we simply stopped the related Apache2 daemon.
sudo service stop apache2
7. Migrate the application files and data

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From each source virtual machine, migrate application files and data using two rsync passes over ssh. The first
pass performs the bulk of the data transfer, whereas the second pass uses checksums to confirm that all files were
transferred successfully.
TARGETVM="insert_target_vm_public_ip_address"
rsync -e "ssh" -rlpEAXogDtSzh -P -x ?exclude-from="$EXCLUDEFILE" ?rsync-path="sudorsync" ?

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verbose ?progress / azureuser@$TARGETVM:/
rsync -e "ssh" -crlpEAXogDtSzh -P -x ?exclude-from="$EXCLUDEFILE" ?rsync-path="sudorsync" ?
verbose ?progress / azureuser@$TARGETVM:/
8. Restart each target virtual machine
After both rsync passes have completed, restart each target virtual machine to complete the migration

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process.
sshazureuser@$TARGETVM
shutdown -r now

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52 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:

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Thus the program to implement migration of virtual machine was executed successfully.


53 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to Show the virtual machine migration based on the
certain condition from one node to the other

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Application:
? Its easier to migrate a Virtual Machine from one server to another, than migrating the operating
system and application(s) individually.
? Using Virtual Machine Migration, its possible to migrate operating systems and applications from
older servers to newer servers easily and without disrupting the services.

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1. What are the basic requirements of VM live migration in KVM?
2. Which command is used in KVM for VMs live migration?
3. How to get hardware information of KVM guest machine?
4. What is VM migration?

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5. Which type of virtualization is also characteristic of cloud computing ?
6. Which virtualization standard does the WebSphere Application Server Hypervisor Edition use?
7.Which three tools are included in the IBM Rational Jazz Collaborative Application Lifecycle
Management (C/ALM) solution?
8. What are two ways a public cloud helps customers reduce their IT costs?

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9.What functionality is provided by the IBM Security Network Intrusion Prevention System Virtual
Appliance for a cloud environment?
10. What are two important benefits of using cloud computing?
11. What is the value of IBM Security Information and Event Manager in a cloud provider environment?
12. What is the main purpose of an IBM CloudBurst solution?

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Viva-voce


54 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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EX.NO.5: PROCEDURE TO INSTALL STORAGE CONTROLLER AND
INTERACT WITH IT.
Aim:
Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:

To install Storage Control, follow these steps.
Ensure that Systems Director 6.3 is installed and running.

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Ensure that you are logged in to Systems Director with a user ID that has administrative privileges.
Windows only: Restart the DB2 Management server.
a) Go to Start >Administrative Tools >Services.
b) Select DB2 Management Service from the services window and restart it.
If you want to download and install Storage Control, go to step 5. If you want to install Storage Control from read-

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only media, such as a CD or mounted .iso image, go to step 8.
From the Systems Director summary page, click the link Try Storage Control in the upper right corner.
A download page opens. Download the appropriate file for your operating system.
7.Extract the files to the directory where you want to install Storage Control, then go to step 9.
8. Copy the Storage Control installer directory from the CD or the mounted .iso image into a temporary directory

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close to the system root. For example, /SCInstall for AIX or Linux and C:\SCInstall for Windows.
9. Access a command window and navigate to the directory where you extracted the files or where you copied
the installer directory. Run the appropriate script. If you do not want the license agreement to display, use the -
ioption when you run the script. For example, StorageControlInstall.sh -i.
Important: If you are not using IBM DB2 managed by Systems Director, then

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the DB2 user ID used must have DB2 Administrator privileges.
On Microsoft Windows systems, run the script StorageControlInstall.bat.


55 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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On Linux and AIX systems, run the script StorageControlInstall.sh.
10. Restart Systems Director as directed.

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Result:
Thus the program to install storage controller was executed successfully.

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find procedure to install storage controller and
interact with it
Application:
A controller offers a level of abstraction between an operating system and the physical drives. A RAID

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controller presents groups to applications and operating systems as logical units for which data protection
schemes can be defined.

1. What is a snapshot?
2. What is Thick Provision Lazy Zeroed?

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3. What is Thick Provision Eager Zeroed?
4. What is Thin Provision?
5. What is VDI?
6. What is storage vMotion?
7. How many virtual CPUs can I use on a Fault Tolerant virtual machine?

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8. What is the use of vmware tools?
9. What happens if vCenter Server is offline when a failover event occurs?
10. What are the monitoring methods used for vSphere HA?
11. What are the roles of a master host in vSphere HA?
12. What is the hardware version used in VMware ESXi 5.5?

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13. What is server virtualization?
14. What is Network Virtualization?
15. What is template?
Viva-Voce

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EX.NO.6: PROCEDURE TO SET UP ONE HADOOP CLUSTER

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Aim:
To Find a procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
Follow the steps given below to have Hadoop Multi-Node cluster setup.
Installing Java

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Java is the main prerequisite for Hadoop. First of all, you should verify the existence of java in your system using
?java -version?. The syntax of java version command is given below.
$ java-version
If everything works fine it will give you the following output.
java version "1.7.0_71"

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Java(TM) SE RuntimeEnvironment(build 1.7.0_71-b13)
JavaHotSpot(TM)Client VM (build 25.0-b02, mixed mode)
If java is not installed in your system, then follow the given steps for installing java.
1. Download java (JDK - X64.tar.gz) by visiting the following link
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk7-downloads-1880260.html

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Then jdk-7u71-linux-x64.tar.gz will be downloaded into your system.
2. Generally you will find the downloaded java file in Downloads folder. Verify it and extract the jdk-7u71-linux-
x64.gz file using the following commands.
$ cdDownloads/
$ ls

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jdk-7u71-Linux-x64.gz
$ tar zxf jdk-7u71-Linux-x64.gz
$ ls
jdk1.7.0_71 jdk-7u71-Linux-x64.gz

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3. To make java available to all the users, you have to move it to the location ?/usr/local/?. Open the root, and type
the following commands.

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$ su
password:
# mv jdk1.7.0_71 /usr/local/
# exit
4. For setting up PATH and JAVA_HOME variables, add the following commands to ~/.bashrc file.

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export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.7.0_71
export PATH=PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
Now verify the java -version command from the terminal as explained above. Follow the above process and install
java in all your cluster nodes.
Creating User Account

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Create a system user account on both master and slave systems to use the Hadoop installation.
# useraddhadoop
# passwdhadoop
Mapping the nodes
You have to edit hosts file in /etc/ folder on all nodes, specify the IP address of each system followed by their host

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names.
# vi /etc/hosts
enter the following lines in the /etc/hosts file.
192.168.1.109hadoop-master
192.168.1.145 hadoop-slave-1

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192.168.56.1 hadoop-slave-2
Configuring Key Based Login
Setup ssh in every node such that they can communicate with one another without any prompt for password.
# suhadoop
$ ssh-keygen-t rsa

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$ ssh-copy-id-i~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub tutorialspoint@hadoop-master
$ ssh-copy-id-i~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop_tp1@hadoop-slave-1
$ ssh-copy-id-i~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop_tp2@hadoop-slave-2
$ chmod0600~/.ssh/authorized_keys
$ exit

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Installing Hadoop
In the Master server, download and install Hadoop using the following commands.
# mkdir /opt/hadoop
# cd /opt/hadoop/
# wget http://apache.mesi.com.ar/hadoop/common/hadoop-1.2.1/hadoop-1.2.0.tar.gz

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# tar -xzf hadoop-1.2.0.tar.gz
# mv hadoop-1.2.0 hadoop


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# chown -R hadoop /opt/hadoop
# cd /opt/hadoop/hadoop/
Configuring Hadoop
You have to configure Hadoop server by making the following changes as given below.

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core-site.xml

Open the core-site.xml file and edit it as shown below.

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fs.default.name
hdfs://hadoop-master:9000/


dfs.permissions

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false


hdfs-site.xml
Open the hdfs-site.xml file and edit it as shown below.

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dfs.data.dir
/opt/hadoop/hadoop/dfs/name/data
true

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dfs.name.dir
/opt/hadoop/hadoop/dfs/name

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true



dfs.replication

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1


mapred-site.xml
Open the mapred-site.xml file and edit it as shown below.

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mapred.job.tracker
hadoop-master:9001

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hadoop-env.sh
Open the hadoop-env.sh file and edit JAVA_HOME, HADOOP_CONF_DIR, and HADOOP_OPTS as shown below.
Note: Set the JAVA_HOME as per your system configuration.
export JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk1.7.0_17 export HADOOP_OPTS=-Djava.net.preferIPv4Stack=trueexport
HADOOP_CONF_DIR=/opt/hadoop/hadoop/conf

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Installing Hadoop on Slave Servers
Install Hadoop on all the slave servers by following the given commands.
# suhadoop
$ cd/opt/hadoop
$ scp-r hadoop hadoop-slave-1:/opt/hadoop

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$ scp-r hadoop hadoop-slave-2:/opt/hadoop
Configuring Hadoop on Master Server
Open the master server and configure it by following the given commands.
# suhadoop
$ cd/opt/hadoop/hadoop

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Configuring Master Node
$ vietc/hadoop/masters
hadoop-master
Configuring Slave Node
$ vietc/hadoop/slaves

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hadoop-slave-1
hadoop-slave-2
Format Name Node on Hadoop Master
# suhadoop
$ cd/opt/hadoop/hadoop

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$ bin/hadoopnamenode?format
11/10/1410:58:07 INFO namenode.NameNode:
STARTUP_MSG:/************************************************************
STARTUP_MSG: Starting NameNode
STARTUP_MSG: host = hadoop-master/192.168.1.109

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STARTUP_MSG: args = [-format]
STARTUP_MSG: version = 1.2.0
STARTUP_MSG: build = https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/hadoop/common/branches/branch-1.2 -r 1479473;
compiled by 'hortonfo' on Mon May 6 06:59:37 UTC 2013

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STARTUP_MSG: java = 1.7.0_71 ************************************************************/11/10/1410:58:08 INFO
util.GSet:Computing capacity for map BlocksMapeditlog=/opt/hadoop/hadoop/dfs/name/current/edits

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?.
?.
?.11/10/1410:58:08 INFO common.Storage:Storage directory
/opt/hadoop/hadoop/dfs/name has been successfully formatted.11/10/1410:58:08 INFO namenode.NameNode:
SHUTDOWN_MSG:/************************************************************ SHUTDOWN_MSG: Shutting down

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NameNode at hadoop-master/192.168.1.15 ************************************************************/
Starting Hadoop Services
The following command is to start all the Hadoop services on the Hadoop-Master.
$ cd $HADOOP_HOME/sbin
$ start-all.sh

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Adding a New DataNode in the Hadoop Cluster
Given below are the steps to be followed for adding new nodes to a Hadoop cluster.
Networking
Add new nodes to an existing Hadoop cluster with some appropriate network configuration. Assume the following
network configuration.

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For New node Configuration:
IP address :192.168.1.103
netmask:255.255.255.0
hostname : slave3.in
Adding User and SSH Access

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Add a User
On a new node, add "hadoop" user and set password of Hadoop user to "hadoop123" or anything you want by using
the following commands.
useraddhadoop
passwdhadoop

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Setup Password less connectivity from master to new slave.
Execute the following on the master
mkdir-p $HOME/.ssh
chmod700 $HOME/.ssh
ssh-keygen-t rsa-P ''-f $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa

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cat $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys
chmod644 $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys
Copy the public key to new slave node inhadoop user $HOME directory
scp $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop@192.168.1.103:/home/hadoop/
Execute the following on the slaves

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Login to hadoop. If not, login to hadoop user.


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suhadoopssh-X hadoop@192.168.1.103
Copy the content of public key into file "$HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys" and then change the permission for the
same by executing the following commands.
cd $HOME
mkdir-p $HOME/.ssh

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chmod700 $HOME/.ssh
cat id_rsa.pub >>$HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys
chmod644 $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys
Check ssh login from the master machine. Now check if you can ssh to the new node without a password from the
master.

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ssh hadoop@192.168.1.103or hadoop@slave3
Set Hostname of New Node
You can set hostname in file /etc/sysconfig/network
Onnew slave3 machine
NETWORKING=yes

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HOSTNAME=slave3.in
To make the changes effective, either restart the machine or run hostname command to a new machine with the
respective hostname (restart is a good option).
On slave3 node machine:
hostname slave3.in

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Update /etc/hosts on all machines of the cluster with the following lines:
192.168.1.102 slave3.in slave3
Now try to ping the machine with hostnames to check whether it is resolving to IP or not.
On new node machine:
ping master.in

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Start the DataNode on New Node
Start the datanode daemon manually using $HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoop-daemon.sh script. It will automatically
contact the master (NameNode) and join the cluster. We should also add the new node to the conf/slaves file in the
master server. The script-based commands will recognize the new node.
Login to new node

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suhadooporssh-X hadoop@192.168.1.103
Start HDFS on a newly added slave node by using the following command
./bin/hadoop-daemon.sh start datanode

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Check the output of jps command on a new node. It looks as follows.
$ jps
7141DataNode

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10312Jps
Removing a DataNode from the Hadoop Cluster
We can remove a node from a cluster on the fly, while it is running, without any data loss. HDFS provides a
decommissioning feature, which ensures that removing a node is performed safely. To use it, follow the steps as
given below:

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1. Login to master
Login to master machine user where Hadoop is installed.
$ suhadoop
2 Change cluster configuration
An exclude file must be configured before starting the cluster. Add a key named dfs.hosts.exclude to our

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$HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml file. The value associated with this key provides the full path to a file
on the NameNode's local file system which contains a list of machines which are not permitted to connect to HDFS.
For example, add these lines to etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml file.

dfs.hosts.exclude

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/home/hadoop/hadoop-1.2.1/hdfs_exclude.txt

DFS exclude

3. Determine hosts to decommission

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Each machine to be decommissioned should be added to the file identified by the hdfs_exclude.txt, one domain
name per line. This will prevent them from connecting to the NameNode. Content of the "/home/hadoop/hadoop-
1.2.1/hdfs_exclude.txt" file is shown below, if you want to remove DataNode2.slave2.in
4. Force configuration reload
Run the command "$HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoopdfsadmin -refreshNodes" without the quotes.

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$ $HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoopdfsadmin-refreshNodes
This will force the NameNode to re-read its configuration, including the newly updated ?excludes? file. It will
decommission the nodes over a period of time, allowing time for each node's blocks to be replicated onto machines
which are scheduled to remain active.On slave2.in, check the jps command output. After some time, you will see the
DataNode process is shutdown automatically.

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5. Shutdown nodes
After the decommission process has been completed, the decommissioned hardware can be safely shut down for
maintenance. Run the report command to dfsadmin to check the status of decommission. The following command
will describe the status of the decommission node and the connected nodes to the cluster.

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$ $HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoopdfsadmin-report
6. Edit excludes file again

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Once the machines have been decommissioned, they can be removed from the ?excludes? file. Running
"$HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoopdfsadmin -refreshNodes" again will read the excludes file back into the
NameNode; allowing the DataNodes to rejoin the cluster after the maintenance has been completed, or additional
capacity is needed in the cluster again, etc.

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Result:
Thus the program to install storage controller was executed successfully.


65 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find a procedure to set up the one node Hadoop

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cluster
Application:
Many organisations are required to deal with large data sets. To handle the large data sets these organisations
use hadoop cluster. But they need to set up hadoop cluster with different number of nodes several times.

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1) What is Big Data?
2) What are the four characteristics of Big Data?
3) What are real-time industry applications of Hadoop?
4) What all modes Hadoop can be run in?

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5) What are the most common Input Formats in Hadoop?
6) Define DataNode
7) What are the core methods of a Reducer?
8) What is Job Tracker role in Hadoop?
9) What is the use of RecordReader in Hadoop?

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10) What companies use Hadoop, any idea?
11) Why do we need Hadoop?
12) What is the basic difference between traditional RDBMS and Hadoop?

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Viva-Voce


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EX.NO.07: MOUNT THE ONE NODE HADOOP CLUSTER USING FUSE

Aim:
To Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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Interfaces
Following are the important interfaces:
? Client<-->ResourceManager
By using YarnClient objects.
? ApplicationMaster<-->ResourceManager

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By using AMRMClientAsync objects, handling events asynchronously by
AMRMClientAsync.CallbackHandler
? ApplicationMaster<-->NodeManager
Launch containers. Communicate with NodeManagers by using NMClientAsync objects, handling container
events by NMClientAsync.CallbackHandler

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Writing a Simple Yarn Application
Writing a simple Client
? The first step that a client needs to do is to initialize and start a YarnClient.
? YarnClientyarnClient = YarnClient.createYarnClient();
? yarnClient.init(conf);

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? yarnClient.start();

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? Once a client is set up, the client needs to create an application, and get its application id.
? YarnClientApplication app = yarnClient.createApplication();
? GetNewApplicationResponseappResponse = app.getNewApplicationResponse();
? The response from the YarnClientApplication for a new application also contains information about the
cluster such as the minimum/maximum resource capabilities of the cluster. This is required so that to ensure

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that you can correctly set the specifications of the container in which the ApplicationMaster would be
launched. Please refer to GetNewApplicationResponse for more details.
? The main crux of a client is to setup the ApplicationSubmissionContext which defines all the information
needed by the RM to launch the AM. A client needs to set the following into the context:
? Application info: id, name

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? Queue, priority info: Queue to which the application will be submitted, the priority to be assigned for the
application.
? User: The user submitting the application
? ContainerLaunchContext: The information defining the container in which the AM will be launched and run.
The ContainerLaunchContext, as mentioned previously, defines all the required information needed to run

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the application such as the local *Resources (binaries, jars, files etc.), Environment settings (CLASSPATH
etc.), the Command to be executed and security T*okens (RECT).
The ApplicationReport received from the RM consists of the following:
? General application information: Application id, queue to which the application was submitted, user who
submitted the application and the start time for the application.

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? ApplicationMaster details: the host on which the AM is running, the rpc port (if any) on which it is
listening for requests from clients and a token that the client needs to communicate with the AM.


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? Application tracking information: If the application supports some form of progress tracking, it can set a
tracking url which is available via ApplicationReport?sgetTrackingUrl() method that a client can look at to
monitor progress.
? Application status: The state of the application as seen by the ResourceManager is available via

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ApplicationReport#getYarnApplicationState. If the YarnApplicationState is set to FINISHED, the client
should refer to ApplicationReport#getFinalApplicationStatus to check for the actual success/failure of the
application task itself. In case of failures, ApplicationReport#getDiagnostics may be useful to shed some
more light on the the failure.
? If the ApplicationMaster supports it, a client can directly query the AM itself for progress updates via the

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host:rpcport information obtained from the application report. It can also use the tracking url obtained
from the report if available.
? In certain situations, if the application is taking too long or due to other factors, the client may wish to kill
the application. YarnClient supports the killApplication call that allows a client to send a kill signal to the
AM via the ResourceManager. An ApplicationMaster if so designed may also support an abort call via its

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rpc layer that a client may be able to leverage.
? yarnClient.killApplication(appId);
Writing an ApplicationMaster (AM)
? The AM is the actual owner of the job. It will be launched by the RM and via the client will be provided
all the necessary information and resources about the job that it has been tasked with to oversee and

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complete.
? As the AM is launched within a container that may (likely will) be sharing a physical host with other
containers, given the multi-tenancy nature, amongst other issues, it cannot make any assumptions of
things like pre-configured ports that it can listen on.
? When the AM starts up, several parameters are made available to it via the environment. These

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include the ContainerId for the AM container, the application submission time and details about the


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NM (NodeManager) host running the ApplicationMaster. Ref ApplicationConstants for parameter
names.
? All interactions with the RM require an ApplicationAttemptId (there can be multiple attempts per
application in case of failures). The ApplicationAttemptIdcan be obtained from the AM?s container id.
There are helper APIs to convert the value obtained from the environment into objects.

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? In setupContainerAskForRM(), the follow two things need some set up:
? Resource capability: Currently, YARN supports memory based resource requirements so the request
should define how much memory is needed. The value is defined in MB and has to less than the max
capability of the cluster and an exact multiple of the min capability. Memory resources correspond to
physical memory limits imposed on the task containers. It will also support computation based

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resource (vCore), as shown in the code.
? Priority: When asking for sets of containers, an AM may define different priorities to each set. For
example, the Map-Reduce AM may assign a higher priority to containers needed for the Map tasks
and a lower priority for the Reduce tasks? containers.
? After container allocation requests have been sent by the application manager, contailers will be

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launched asynchronously, by the event handler of the AMRMClientAsync client. The handler should
implement AMRMClientAsync.CallbackHandler interface.
? When there are containers allocated, the handler sets up a thread that runs the code to launch
containers. Here we use the name LaunchContainerRunnable to demonstrate. We will talk about the
LaunchContainerRunnable class in the following part of this article.

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? heNMClientAsync object, together with its event handler, handles container events. Including
container start, stop, status update, and occurs an error.
? After the ApplicationMaster determines the work is done, it needs to unregister itself through the AM-
RM client, and then stops the client.

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Result:
Thus the procedure to mount the one node hadoop cluster using FUSE was executed successfully.


71 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact

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with it

Application:
The hadoop-hdfs-fuse package enables you to use your HDFS cluster as if it were a traditional
filesystem on Linux. It is assumed that you have a working HDFS cluster and know the hostname

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and port that your NameNode exposes.


1) 1. What is Apache Hadoop?
2) Why do we need Hadoop?

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3) What are the core components of Hadoop?
4) What are the Features of Hadoop?
5) Compare Hadoop and RDBMS?
6) What are the limitations of Hadoop?
7) Explain Data Locality in Hadoop?

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8) What is a ?Distributed Cache? in Apache Hadoop?
9) How is security achieved in Hadoop?
10) What does jps command do in Hadoop?
11) Is it possible to provide multiple input to Hadoop? If yes then how?
12) Is it possible to have hadoop job output in multiple directories? If yes, how?

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Viva-Voce

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EX.NO.08: WRITE A PROGRAM TO USE THE API?S OF HADOOP TO

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INTERACT WITH IT
Aim:
To Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
Hadoop MapReduce is a software framework for easily writing applications which process vast amounts of data
(multi-terabyte data-sets) in-parallel on large clusters (thousands of nodes) of commodity hardware in a reliable,

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fault-tolerant manner.
A MapReducejob usually splits the input data-set into independent chunks which are processed by the map tasks in
a completely parallel manner. The framework sorts the outputs of the maps, which are then input to the reduce
tasks. Typically both the input and the output of the job are stored in a file-system. The framework takes care of
scheduling tasks, monitoring them and re-executes the failed tasks.

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Typically the compute nodes and the storage nodes are the same, that is, the MapReduce framework and the
Hadoop Distributed File System are running on the same set of nodes. This configuration allows the framework to
effectively schedule tasks on the nodes where data is already present, resulting in very high aggregate bandwidth
across the cluster.
The MapReduce framework consists of a single master ResourceManager, one slave NodeManager per cluster-

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node, and MRAppMaster per application.
Minimally, applications specify the input/output locations and supply map and reduce functions via implementations
of appropriate interfaces and/or abstract-classes. These, and other job parameters, comprise the job configuration.

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The Hadoop job client then submits the job (jar/executable etc.) and configuration to the ResourceManager which
then assumes the responsibility of distributing the software/configuration to the slaves, scheduling tasks and
monitoring them, providing status and diagnostic information to the job-client.

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Inputs and Outputs
The MapReduce framework operates exclusively on pairs, that is, the framework views the input to the
job as a set of pairs and produces a set of pairs as the output of the job, conceivably of
different types.
The key and value classes have to be serializable by the framework and hence need to implement the Writable

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interface. Additionally, the key classes have to implement the Writable Comparable interface to facilitate sorting by
the framework.
Input and Output types of a MapReduce job:
(input) ->map-> ->combine-> ->reduce-> (output)
Assuming environment variables are set as follows:

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export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/default
export PATH=${JAVA_HOME}/bin:${PATH}
export HADOOP_CLASSPATH=${JAVA_HOME}/lib/tools.jar
Compile WordCount.java and create a jar:
$ bin/hadoopcom.sun.tools.javac.Main WordCount.java

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$ jar cf wc.jar WordCount*.class
Assuming that:
? /user/joe/wordcount/input - input directory in HDFS
? /user/joe/wordcount/output - output directory in HDFS
?

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Sample text-files as input:
$ bin/hadoop fs -ls /user/joe/wordcount/input/ /user/joe/wordcount/input/file01 /user/joe/wordcount/input/file02

$ bin/hadoop fs -cat /user/joe/wordcount/input/file01
Hello World Bye World

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$ bin/hadoop fs -cat /user/joe/wordcount/input/file02
Hello Hadoop Goodbye Hadoop
Run the application:
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

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0 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

College o f Engineering

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?



DEPARTMENT OF

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COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
VII SEMESTER - R 2013

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Name : ______________________________________
Reg. No. : ______________________________________
Section : ______________________________________

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LABORATORY MANUAL


1 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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DHANALAKSHMI


is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and enterprising
professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and training.

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? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic Excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart and

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soul

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

To strive for acquiring, applying and imparting knowledge in Computer Science and Engineering through quality

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education and to provide enthusiastic professionals with commitment


? To produce highly competent and globally employable engineers in the field of Computer Science and
Engineering

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? To inculcate human values among the student community and make them realize their commitment to the society
? To exhibit excellence in pursuit of research and innovative products with a zeal to serve the society


VISION

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VISION
MISSION
MISSION

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2 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)
1. Fundamentals
To provide students with a solid foundation in Mathematics, Science and fundamentals of engineering, enabling

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them to apply, to find solutions for engineering problems and use this knowledge to acquire higher education
2. Core Competence
To train the students in Computer science and engineering technologies so that they apply their knowledge and
training to compare, and to analyze various engineering industrial problems to find solutions
3. Breadth

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To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice this enables them to
find solutions for the real time problems in industry, and to design products
4. Professionalism
To inculcate professional and effective communication skills, leadership qualities and team spirit in the students
to make them multi-faceted personalities and develop their ability to relate engineering issues to broader social

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context
5. Lifelong Learning/Ethics
To demonstrate and practice ethical and professional responsibilities in the industry and society in the large,
through commitment and lifelong learning needed for successful professional career

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4

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PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)
a) To demonstrate and apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Electronics and Communication Engineering field
b) To design a component, a system or a process to meet the specific needs within the realistic constraints
such as economics, environment, ethics, health, safety and manufacturability

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c) To demonstrate the competency to use software tools for computation, simulation and testing of electronics and
communication engineering circuits
d) To identify, formulate and solve electronic and communication engineering problems
e) To demonstrate an ability to visualize and work on laboratory and multidisciplinary tasks
f) To function as a member or a leader in multidisciplinary activities

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g) To communicate in verbal and written form with fellow engineers and society at large
h) To understand the impact of Electronics and Communication Engineering in the society and demonstrate awareness
of contemporary issues and commitment to give solutions exhibiting social responsibility
i) To demonstrate professional & ethical responsibilities
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning

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k) To participate and succeed in competitive exams

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5 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

SYLLABUS

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Learn the working of ARM processor
Understand the Building Blocks of Embedded Systems
Learn the concept of memory map and memory interface
Know the characteristics of Real Time Systems
Write programs to interface memory, I/Os with processor

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Study the interrupt performance
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
GRID COMPUTING LAB
Use Globus Toolkit or equivalent and do the following:
1. Develop a new Web Service for Calculator.

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2. Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service.
3. Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service.
4. Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs
5. Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus Toolkit.
6. Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it with and without

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GRAM concept.

CLOUD COMPUTING LAB
Use Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent to set up the cloud and demonstrate.
1. Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines

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COURSE OBJECTIVES


6 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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can be utilized at particular time.
2. Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even
after the release of the virtual machine.
3. Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program.
4. Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other.

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5. Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it.
6. Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster.
7. Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE.
8. Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it.
9. Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits.

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid.
? Design and Implement applications on the Cloud.
? Design network objects by applying the networking concepts.
? Create virtualization concept.
? Design web based applications.

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? Apply cloud tools for resource allocation.
? Apply grid tools for network translation.
? Design private cloud using open stack.
COURSE OUTCOMES

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7


CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
CONTENTS

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Sl. No. Name of the Experiment Page No.
CYCLE 1 ? EXPERIMENTS ( GRID COMPUTING)
1
Develop a new Web Service for Calculator 7
2

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Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service 16
3
Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service 19
4
Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs 22

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5
Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus
Toolkit
25
6

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Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it
with and without GRAM concept
27
CYCLE 2 ? EXPERIMENTS (CLOUD COMPUTING)
1

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Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how
many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
34
2
Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it

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holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
36
3 Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program 39
4
Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to

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the other
42
5 Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it 45
6 Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster 47
7 Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE

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ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS
1 Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it 52
2 Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks 55

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8 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO GRID COMPUTING


GRID TECHNOLOGY

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? Flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and
resource
? Grid architecture
? Defined using services and protocols
? Using the ?sand hourglass? model similar to the TCP/IP protocol stack

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"A computational grid is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides dependable, consistent, pervasive and
inexpensive access to high-end computational capabilities."
Grid computing makes it possible to dynamically share and coordinate dispersed, heterogeneous computing
resources. Flexibility and ubiquity are essential characteristics of Web services technologies such as WSDL (Web

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Services Description Language), SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), and UDDI (Universal Description,
Discovery, and Integration).
The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) combines technologies to unlock and exploit grid-attached resources.
OGSA defines mechanisms to create, manage, and exchange information between Grid Services, a special type of
Web service. The architecture uses WSDL extensively to describe the structure and behavior of a service. Service

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descriptions are located and discovered using Web Services Inspection Language (WSIL). By combining elements
from grid computing and Web services technologies, OGSA establishes an extensible and interoperable design and
development framework for Grid Services that includes details for service definition, discovery, and life-cycle
management.

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9 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


GLOBUS TOOLKIT

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The Globus Toolkit provides software tools to make it easier to build computational grids and grid-based
applications. The Globus Toolkit is both an open architecture and open source toolkit.

? The Globus Toolkit is a product of the Globus Alliance (http://www.globus.org)

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? It is middleware for developing grids
? The current release is 6.0.
? Four key protocols and APIs
? Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI)
? Grid Resource Allocation & Mgmt (GRAM)

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? Grid Resource Information Protocol (GRIP) and Index Information Protocol (GIIP)
? Grid File Transfer Protocol (GridFTP)
? Implementations on many platforms
? Resources, security systems, data models,
? Various collective layer protocols & tools

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? Info services, replica management, etc.
? A basis for many Grid-enabled tools & apps
FTP, SSH, Condor, SRB, MPI, EDG, GridPort,
GLOBUS TOOLKIT? COMPONENTS
? Security

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? GSI ? Grid Security Infrastructure
? Resource Management
? GRAM ? Grid Resource Allocation Manager
o globusrun
o RSL

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o gatekeeper
o job manager
o DUROC ? Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator
? Information Services
? MDS ? Monitoring and Discovery Service

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10 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

o GRIS ? Grid Resource Information Service

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o GIIS ? Grid Index Information Service
o MDS Client
? Data Management
o GridFTP, GASS
The Globus Toolkit latest version 6.0 includes:

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GSI: security
GridFTP: file transfer
GRAM: job execution/resource management
MyProxy: credential repository/certificate authority
GSI-OpenSSH: GSI secure single sign-on remote shell

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11 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

GLOBUS TOOLKIT INSTALLATION PROCEDURE

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Step1: For installing Globus Toolkit nothing more easy than download the latest package:
http://toolkit.globus.org/ftppub/gt6/installers/repo/globus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
sudodpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Step2: Update the repositories: sudo apt-get update
Step3: To install Debian or Ubuntu package, download the globus-toolkit-repo package

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from the link above and install it with the command:
root@sysa63:/home/#dpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Do the following for Debian-based systems:
root@sysa63:/home/#apt-get install globus-data-management-client

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12 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 01: DEVELOP A NEW WEB SERVICE FOR CALCULATOR

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Aim:
Develop a Web Service for new Calculator
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Our first web service is an extremely simple Math Web Service, which we'll refer to asMathService. It will
2. allow users to perform the following operations:
a. Addition

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b. Subtraction
3. Furthermore, MathService will have the following resource properties (RPs for short):
a. Value (integer)
b. Last operation performed (string)
4. We will also add a "Get Value" operation to access the Value RP. Once a new resource is created, the

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"value" RP is initialized to zero, and the "last operation" RP is initialized to "NONE". The parameter is
added/subtracted to the "value" RP, and the "last operation" RP is changed to "ADDITION" or
"SUBTRACTION" accordingly. Also, the addition and subtraction operations don't return anything.
5. Writing and deploying a WSRF Web Service is easier than you might think. You just have to follow five
simple steps.

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6. Define the service's interface. This is done with WSDL
7. Implement the service. This is done with Java.
8. Define the deployment parameters. This is done with WSDD and JNDI
9. Compile everything and generate a GAR file. This is done with Ant
10. Deploy service. This is also done with a GT4 tool

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Sample Code:

_instance"
xmlns ="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"

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xmlns:tns="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/examples/core/MathService_instance"
xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsrp="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-
ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.xsd" xmlns:wsrpw="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-

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13 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.wsdl"
xmlns:wsdlpp="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/2004/10/WSDLPreprocessor"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">

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Result:
Thus the program for developing web service for new calculator was successfully executed.

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14 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid by using Web Service for new Calculator
Applications:

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To make a calculator in Windows application using web service


1) What is Web Service?
2) What are the advantages of web services?

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3) What are the different types of web services?
4) What is SOAP?
5) What are the advantages of SOAP web services?
6) What are the disadvantages of SOAP web services?
7) What is WSDL?

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8) What is UDDI?
9) What are RESTful web services?
10) What are the advantages of RESTful web services?
11) What is the difference between SOAP and REST web services?
12) What is SOA service architecture?

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13) What tools are used to deploy web services?
14) What is Web Service architecture?
15) What are the advantages of web services in globus toolkit?
16) What are the different types of web services?
17) What is SOAP web services?

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18) What is UDP and TCP?
19) What is stateless SOA?
20) What is data balancing in WSDL?
Viva-voce

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15 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 02: DEVELOP NEW OGSA-COMPLIANT WEB SERVICE

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Aim:
To develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid Service using .NET language.
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

1. Developed by the Global Grid Forum
2. Aims to define a common, standard, open architecture for Grid Applications.

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3. Defines a set of rules that make up a grid service.
4. Sharing and Coordinated use of diverse resources in Dynamic VO's

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Result:
Thus the program for developing OGSA- Complaint web service was successfully executed.


16 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid

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Service using .NET language
Applications:
? Sharing of information among diverse components of large heterogenous grid systems
? WAN

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1. How would you decide what style of Web Service to use? SOAP WS or REST?
2. Does the service expose data or business logic?
3. Do consumers and the service providers require a formal contract?

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4. Do we need to support multiple data formats?
5. Do we need to make AJAX calls?
6. Is the call synchronous or asynchronous?
7. What level of security is required?
8. What level of transaction support is required?

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9. Do we have limited band width?
10. What tools do you use to test your Web Services?
11. What is the difference between SOA and a Web service?
12. What is a microservice architecture (aka MSA)?
13. What is data integrity?

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14. What is cloud infrastructure?


Viva-voce

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17 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 03: USING APACHE AXIS DEVELOP A GRID SERVICE

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Aim:
To develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Creating the New Level in the Package
2. Edit the Configuration Files
3. Modify the Service Code

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4. Modify the Client
5. Compile and Deploy
6. Starting the Container
7. Compile the Client
8. Run the Client

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18 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:
Addition was successful
Subtraction was successful
Multiplication was successful

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Division was successful
Current value: 20.

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Result:
Thus the program for Grid Service using Apache Axis was successfully executed.

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19 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Applications:
? To create web service in Java
? To work with Globus Tool kit standards web service

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1. What are the different application integration styles?
2. What is Grid Computing?
3. What is QOS?

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4. What are the derivatives of grid computing?
5. What are the features of data grids?
6. What is load balancing?
7. What is grid infrastructure?
8. Define ? Distributed Computing.

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9. Define ? OSGI.
10. Define ? OSGA.
11. What is the use of API?s in cloud services?
12. What is the difference between cloud and grid?
13. What is data communication?

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14. What are the elements of data communication?

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Viva-voce


20 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 04: DEVELOP APPLICATIONS USING JAVA OR C/C++ GRID
APIS
Aim:
To develop an application in Java using Grid APIs

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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1. Import all the necessary java packages and name the file as GridLayoutDemo.java
2. Set up components to preferred size
3. Add buttons to experiment with Grid Layout
4. Add controls to set up horizontal and vertical gaps
5. Process the Apply gaps button press

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6. Create the GUI
7. Create and set up the window,Set up the content pane and Display the Window
8. Schedule a job for the event dispatch thread
9. Show the application's GUI

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21 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:

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Figure 1: Horizontal, Left-to-Right Figure 2: Horizontal, Right-to-Left

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Result:
Thus the program to develop an application in java using Grid APIs was successfully executed.

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22 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Applications:
Used for defining a application programme interface for common distributes computing functionality

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1) Describe the two most important advantages of using Distributed/Grid Computing.
2) What is the main function of DNS?
3) Briefly outline two applications of Public Key systems.
4) Provide one major difference between synchronous and asynchronous communication.

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5) Provide one major difference between ASCII and Unicode encodings.
6) Provide two major differences between sequential computing and parallel computing.
7) Write the any three Grid Applications.
8) Give the examples of Hardware service provider.
9) Give the example of software application ASP.

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10) What are grid portals? Give example.
11) What are the high level services including in existing globus tool kit?
12) Name the components available in Nimrod architecture?
13) What are the major objectives of Euro grid project?
14) What is the application specific work packages identified for the Euro grid?

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15) Define dynamic accounting system.

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Viva-voce


23 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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EX.NO. 05: DEVELOP SECURED APPLICATIONS USING BASIC
SECURITY MECHANISMS AVAILABLE IN GLOBUS TOOLKIT.
Aim:
To develop a secured applications using a basic security mechanisms available in Globus toolkit
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
The Globus Toolkit incorporates multiple security components that establish the identity of users or services

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(authentication), protect communications, and determine who is allowed to perform what actions (authorization), as
well as manage user credentials.
? GSI C: The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and
certificate management.
? MyProxy: MyProxy is open source software for managing X.509 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) security

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credentials (certificates and private keys).
? GSI-OpenSSH: GSI-OpenSSH is a modified version of OpenSSH that adds support for X.509 proxy
certificate authentication and delegation, providing a single sign-on remote login and file transfer service.
The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and certificate
management. The authentication API is built using Public KeyInfrastructure (PKI) technologies, e.g. X.509

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Certificates and TLS. In addition to authentication it features a delegation mechanism based upon X.509 Proxy
Certificates. Authorization support takes the form of a couple of APIs. The first provides a generic authorization API
that allows callouts to perform access control based on the client's credentials (i.e. the X.509 certificate chain). The
second provides a simple access control list that maps authorized remote entities to local (system) user names. The
second mechanism also provides callouts that allow third parties to override the default behavior and is currently

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used in the Gatekeeper and GridFTP servers. In addition to the above there are various lower level APIs and tools
for managing, discovering and querying certificates.
Components for Grid Security
1. Basic Security Mechanisms
2. Components for Credential Generation

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3. Components for Credential Management


24 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Beyond verifying the identities of users and services, basic Grid security mechanisms leave access control decisions
to services. The Grid community has developed authorization and access control tools for storing and providing
access to system-wide authorization information and for creating a central data store for supporting decentralized
control mechanisms.
Basic Security Mechanisms

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? Pre-Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A non-Web services implementation of the Grid
Security Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI
mechanisms
? Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A Web services implementation of the Grid Security
Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI mechanisms

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Result:
Thus the program to develop a security application available in Globus toolkit was successfully executed.
Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a secured applications using a basic security
mechanisms available in Globus toolkit

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25 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Applications:
To provide easy acces to best breed open source network security

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1. What are the collective services available in grid computing?
2. What are the basic principles of autonomous computing?
3. What are the four essential characteristics of on demand business?
4. What are the essential capabilities provided by on demand business?

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5. What are the two most important technologies for building semantic webs?
6. Define Peer to Peer computing?
7. What is the combination of Globus GT3 toolkit?
8. What is a GT3 core?
9. What are the components available in service model?

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10. Define WS-Trust
11. Define WS ?Federation
12. Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
13. Who are the actors in CDC?
14. Mention the scenarios in CDC?

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15. What are the functional requirements of CDC on OGSA?

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Viva-voce


26 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 06: DEVELOP A GRID PORTAL, WHERE USER CAN SUBMIT
A JOB AND GET THE RESULT, IMPLEMENT IT WITH AND WITHOUT
GRAM CONCEPT.
Aim:
To develop a Grid portal and implement it with and without GRAM concept

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
Multiple times that the likely user interface to grid applications will be through portals, specifically Web portals. A grid
portal may be constructed as a Web page interface to provide easy access to grid applications. The Web user
interface provides user authentication, job submission, job monitoring, and results of the job.
Globus Resource Allocation Manager (GRAM)

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When a job is submitted by a client, the request is sent to the remote host and handled by a gatekeeper daemon.
The gatekeeper creates a job manager to start and monitor the job. When the job is finished, the job manager
sends the status information back to the client and terminates.
The GRAM subsystem consists of the following elements:
? The globusrun command and associated APIs Resource Specification Language (RSL)

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? The gatekeeper daemon The job manager Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator (DUROC)
Each of these elements are described briefly below.
The globusrun command
The globusrun command (or its equivalent API) submits a job to a resource within the grid. This command
is typically passed an RSL string (see below) that specifies parameters and other properties required to successfully

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launch and run the job


27 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Resource Specification Language (RSL)
RSL is a language used by clients to specify the job to be run. All job submission requests are described in an RSL
string that includes information such as the executable file; its parameters; information about redirection of stdin,
stdout, and stderr; and so on. Basically it provides a standard way of specifying all of the information required to
execute a job, independent of the target environment. It is then the responsibility of the job manager on the target

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system to parse the information and launch the job in the appropriate way.
The syntax of RSL is very straightforward. Each statement is enclosed within parenthesis. Comments are
designated with parenthesis and asterisks, for example, (* this is a comment *). Supported attributes include the
following:
rsl_substitution: Defines variables

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executable: The script or command to be run
arguments: Information or flags to be passed to the executable
stdin: Specifies the remote URL and local file used for the executable stdout: Specifies the remote file to place
standard output from the job stderr: Specifies the remote file to place standard error from the job queue: Specifies the
queue to submit the job (requires a scheduler) count: Specifies the number of executions

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directory: Specifies the directory to run the job
project: Specifies a project account for the job (requires a scheduler) dryRun: Verifies the RSL string but
does not run the job
maxMemory: Specifies the maximum amount of memory in MBs required for the job
minMemory: Specifies the minimum amount of memory in MBs required for the job

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hostCount: Specifies the number of nodes in a cluster required for the job environment: Specifies environment
variables that are required for the job
jobType: Specifies the type of job single process, multi-process, mpi, or condor
maxTime: Specifies the maximum execution wall or cpu time for one execution
maxWallTime: Specifies the maximum walltime for one execution maxCpuTime: Specifies the maximum

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cpu time for one execution
gramMyjob: Specifies the whether the gram myjob interface starts one process/thread (independent) or more
(collective)

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Result:
Thus the program to develop Grid Portal was successfully executed.

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29 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid portal and implement it with and
without GRAM concept
Application:
? It is useful and necessary for interfaces for the performance of operations on the Grid. The Grid

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Portal Development Kit (GPDK) facilitates the development of Grid portals and provides several key
reusable components for accessing various Grid services.
? A Grid Portal provides a customizable interface allowing scientists to perform a variety of Grid
operations including remote program submission, file staging, and querying of information services
from a single, secure gateway.

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? The Grid Portal Development Kit leverages off existing Globus/Grid middleware infrastructure as
well as commodity web technology including Java Server Pages and servlets .

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1) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?
2) What are the major goals of OGSA?
3) What are the more specific goals of OGSA?
4) What are the main purposes of use case defined by OGSA?
5) Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?

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6) What are the layers available in OGSA architectural organizations?
7) What are the OGSA basic services?
8) What are the two aspects involved in GRAM?
9) What are the two kinds of lifecycle model associated with state data recovery?
10) What is a GT3 core?

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11) What are the major components of default server side framework?
12) What is Grid container?
13) What are the two levels of security available in GT3?
14) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?
15) What are the two different message-level authentication mechanisms provided by GT3 framework?

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16) What are the most common GT3 security handlers?
Viva-voce


30 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO CLOUD COMPUTING

What is cloud computing?
Cloud computing means that instead of all the computer hardware and software you're using sitting on your

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desktop, or somewhere inside your company's network, it's provided for you as a service by another company and
accessed over the Internet, usually in a completely seamless way. Exactly where the hardware and software is
located and how it all works doesn't matter to you, the user?it's just somewhere up in the nebulous "cloud" that the
Internet represents.
Cloud computing is a buzzword that means different things to different people. For some, it's just another way of

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describing IT (information technology) "outsourcing"; others use it to mean any computing service provided over the
Internet or a similar network; and some define it as any bought-in computer service you use that sits outside your
firewall.
Types of cloud computing
IT people talk about three different kinds of cloud computing, where different services are being provided for you.

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Note that there's a certain amount of vagueness about how these things are defined and some overlap between
them.
? Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) means you're buying access to raw computing hardware over the Net,
such as servers or storage. Since you buy what you need and pay-as-you-go, this is often referred to as
utility computing. Ordinary web hosting is a simple example of IaaS: you pay a monthly subscription or a

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per-megabyte/gigabyte fee to have a hosting company serve up files for your website from their servers.
? Software as a Service (SaaS) means you use a complete application running on someone else's system.
Web-based email and Google Documents are perhaps the best-known examples. Zoho is another well-
known SaaS provider offering a variety of office applications online.
? Platform as a Service (PaaS) means you develop applications using Web-based tools so they run on

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systems software and hardware provided by another company. So, for example, you might develop your
own ecommerce website but have the whole thing, including the shopping cart, checkout, and payment
mechanism running on a merchant's server. App Cloud (from salesforce.com) and the Google App Engine
are examples of PaaS.
Advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing

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Advantages
The pros of cloud computing are obvious and compelling. If your business is selling books or repairing shoes,
why get involved in the nitty gritty of buying and maintaining a complex computer system? If you run an insurance
office, do you really want your sales agents wasting time running anti-virus software, upgrading word-processors, or
worrying about hard-drive crashes? Do you really want them cluttering your expensive computers with their personal

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31 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

emails, illegally shared MP3 files, and naughty YouTube videos?when you could leave that responsibility to

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someone else? Cloud computing allows you to buy in only the services you want, when you want them, cutting the
upfront capital costs of computers and peripherals. You avoid equipment going out of date and other familiar IT
problems like ensuring system security and reliability. You can add extra services (or take them away) at a moment's
notice as your business needs change. It's really quick and easy to add new applications or services to your
business without waiting weeks or months for the new computer (and its software) to arrive.

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Drawbacks
Instant convenience comes at a price. Instead of purchasing computers and software, cloud computing means you
buy services, so one-off, upfront capital costs become ongoing operating costs instead. That might work out much
more expensive in the long-term.
If you're using software as a service (for example, writing a report using an online word processor or sending emails

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through webmail), you need a reliable, high-speed, broadband Internet connection functioning the whole time you're
working. That's something we take for granted in countries such as the United States, but it's much more of an issue
in developing countries or rural areas where broadband is unavailable.
An Introduction to Cloud Computing with OpenNebula
An OpenNebula Private Cloud provides infrastructure users with an elastic platform for fast delivery and scalability of

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services to meet dynamic demands of service end-users. Services are hosted in VMs, and then submitted,
monitored and controlled in the Cloud by using Sunstone or any of the OpenNebula interfaces:
? Command Line Interface (CLI)
? XML-RPC API
? OpenNebulaRuby and Java Cloud APIs

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The aim of a Private Cloud is not to expose to the world a cloud interface to sell capacity over the Internet, but to
provide local cloud users and administrators with a flexible and agile private infrastructure to run virtualized service
workloads within the administrative domain. OpenNebula virtual infrastructure interfaces expose user and
administrator functionality for virtualization, networking, image and physical resource configuration, management,
monitoring and accounting.

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32 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


Expt.No.1: FIND PROCEDURE TO RUN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE OF

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DIFFERENT CONFIGURATION. CHECK HOW MANY VIRTUAL
MACHINES CAN BE UTILIZED AT PARTICULAR TIME.

Aim:
To Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be

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utilized at particular time
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:

Creating Virtual Machines
In OpenNebula the Virtual Machines are defined with Template files. The Template Repository system allows
OpenNebula administrators and users to register Virtual Machine definitions in the system, to be instantiated later as

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Virtual Machine instances. These Templates can be instantiated several times, and also shared with other users.
Virtual Machine Model
A Virtual Machine within the OpenNebula system consists of:
? A capacity in terms memory and CPU
? A set of NICs attached to one or more virtual networks

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? A set of disk images
? A state file (optional) or recovery file, that contains the memory image of a running VM plus some hypervisor
specific information.
The above items, plus some additional VM attributes like the OS kernel and context information to be used inside the
VM, are specified in a template file.

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Defining a VM in 3 Steps
Virtual Machines are defined in an OpenNebula Template. Templates are stored in a repository to easily browse and
instantiate VMs from them. To create a new Template you have to define 3 things

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33 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

? Capacity & Name, how big will the VM be?
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
NAME Name that the VM will get for description purposes. Yes one-

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MEMORY Amount of RAM required for the VM, in Megabytes. Yes
CPU CPU ratio (e..g half a physical CPU is 0.5). Yes
VCPU Number of virtual cpus. No 1
Disks. Each disk is defined with a DISK attribute. A VM can use three types of disk:
? Use a persistent Image changes to the disk image will persist after the VM is shutdown.

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? Use a non-persistent Image images are cloned, changes to the image will be lost.
? Volatile disks are created on the fly on the target host. After the VM is shutdown the disk is disposed.

Persistent and Clone Disks
Attribute Description Mandatory Default

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IMAGE_ID and IMAGE The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes
IMAGE_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No self
IMAGE_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No self
Volatile
Attribute Description Mandatory Default

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TYPE
Type of the disk: swap, fs. swap type will set the label to swap so it is
easier to mount and the context packages will automatically mount it.
Yes
SIZE size in MB Yes

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FORMAT
filesystem for fs images: ext2, ext3, etc. raw will not format the image. For
VMs to run on vmfs or vmwareshared configurations, the valid values are:
Yes

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34 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Attribute Description Mandatory Default
vmdk_thin, vmdk_zeroedthick, vmdk_eagerzeroedthick

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Network Interfaces. Each network interface of a VM is defined with the NIC attribute.
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
NETWORK_ID and NETWORK The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes
NETWORK_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No Self

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NETWORK_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No Self

The following example shows a VM Template file with a couple of disks and a network interface, also a VNC section
was added.
NAME = test-vm

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MEMORY = 128
CPU = 1

DISK = [ IMAGE = "Arch Linux" ]
DISK = [ TYPE = swap,

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SIZE = 1024 ]

NIC = [ NETWORK = "Public", NETWORK_UNAME="oneadmin" ]

GRAPHICS = [

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TYPE = "vnc",
LISTEN = "0.0.0.0"]
Simple templates can be also created using the command line instead of creating a template file. The parameters to
do this for onetemplate are:

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Parameter

Description
--namename Name for the VM
--cpucpu CPU percentage reserved for the VM (1=100% one CPU)

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35 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Parameter

Description
--vcpuvcpu Number of virtualized CPUs
--archarch Architecture of the VM, e.g.: i386 or x86_64

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--memorymemory Memory ammount given to the VM
--diskdisk0,disk1 Disks to attach. To use a disk owned by other user use user[disk]
--nicvnet0,vnet1 Networks to attach. To use a network owned by other user use user[network]
--rawstring
Raw string to add to the template. Not to be confused with the RAW attribute. If you want

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to provide more than one element, just include an enter inside quotes, instead of using
more than one -raw option
--vnc Add VNC server to the VM
--ssh[file]
Add an ssh public key to the context. If the file is omited then the user variable

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SSH_PUBLIC_KEY will be used.
--net_context Add network contextualization parameters
--contextline1,line2 * Lines to add to the context section
--bootdevice Select boot device (hd, fd, cdrom or network)
A similar template as the previous example can be created with the following command:

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$ onetemplate create --name test-vm --memory 128 --cpu 1 --disk "Arch Linux" --nic Public
Managing Virtual Machines
Assuming we have a VM Template registered called vm-example with ID 6, then we can instantiate the VM issuing
a:
$ onetemplate list

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ID USER GROUP NAME REGTIME
6 oneadminoneadminvm_example 09/28 06:44:07

$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm

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36 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

VM ID: 0

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If the template has USER INPUTSdefined the CLI will prompt the user for these values:
$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm

There are some parameters that require user input.

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* (BLOG_TITLE) Blog Title:
* (DB_PASSWORD) Database Password:
VM ID: 0
Afterwards, the VM can be listed with the onevmlist command. You can also use the onevmtop command to list VMs
continuously.

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$ onevm list

ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME
0 oneadminoneadminmy_vm pend 0 0K 00 00:00:03
After a Scheduling cycle, the VM will be automatically deployed. But the deployment can also be forced by oneadmin

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using onevmdeploy:
$ onehost list

ID NAME RVM TCPU FCPU ACPU TMEM FMEM AMEM STAT
2 testbed 0 800 800 800 16G 16G16G on

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$ onevm deploy 0 2

$ onevm list

ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME

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0 oneadminoneadminmy_vmrunn 0 0K testbed 00 00:02:40

$ onevm show 0
VIRTUAL MACHINE 0 INFORMATION
ID :0

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NAME : my_vm
USER : oneadmin
GROUP : oneadmin

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37 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

STATE : ACTIVE
LCM_STATE : RUNNING
START TIME : 04/14 09:00:24

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END TIME : -
DEPLOY ID: : one-0
PERMISSIONS
OWNER : um-
GROUP : ---

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OTHER : ---
VIRTUAL MACHINE MONITORING
NET_TX : 13.05
NET_RX : 0
USED MEMORY : 512

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USED CPU : 0
VIRTUAL MACHINE TEMPLATE
VIRTUAL MACHINE HISTORY

SEQ HOSTNAME REASON START TIME PTIME

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0 testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00
testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00

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38 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to run virtual machines on different configuration was successfully executed & its utilization time is

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checked in various machines.


39 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find procedure to run the virtual machine of different
Configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time

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Applications:
? An advantage of virtualizing the workload?s I/O path enables hardware independence by
abstracting vendor specific drivers to more generalized versions that run on the hypervisor.
? It allows the live migration, which is one of virtualization?s greatest availability strengths
? The sharing of aggregate resources, such as network paths

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1. What is cloud computing?
2. What are the benefits of cloud computing?

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3. What are the different data types used in cloud computing?
4. What are the different layers in cloud computing?
5. What do you mean by software as a service?
6. What is on-demand functionality? How is it provided in cloud computing?
7. What are the platforms used for large scale cloud computing?

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8. What are the different models for deployment in cloud computing?
9. What is the difference between cloud computing and mobile computing?
10. What are the open source cloud computing platform databases?
11. What is the difference between cloud and traditional datacenters?
12. Why API's is used in cloud services?

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13. What are the different datacenters in cloud computing?
14. Define API in data virtualization?
15. List of API in cloud?
Viva-voce

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40 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No.02: FIND PROCEDURE TO ATTACH VIRTUAL BLOCK TO
THE VIRTUAL MACHINE AND CHECK WHETHER IT HOLDS THE

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DATA EVEN AFTER THE RELEASE OF THE VIRTUAL MACHINE.
Aim:
To find a procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even after the
release of the virtual machine

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
VirtualBox uses a special kernel module called vboxdrv to perform physical memory allocation and to gain control of
the processor for guest system execution. Without this kernel module, you can still use the VirtualBox manager to
configure virtual machines, but they will not start. In addition, there are the network kernel modules vboxnetflt and

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vboxnetadp which are required for the more advanced networking features of VirtualBox.
The VirtualBox kernel module is automatically installed on your system when you install VirtualBox. To
maintain it with future kernel updates, for those Linux distributions which provide it -- most current ones -- we
recommend installing Dynamic Kernel Module Support (DKMS). This framework helps with building and upgrading
kernel modules.

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If DKMS is not already installed, execute one of the following:
On an Ubuntu system:
sudo apt-get install dkms
If DKMS is available and installed, the VirtualBox kernel module should always work automatically, and it will be
automatically rebuilt if your host kernel is updated.

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Otherwise, there are only two situations in which you will need to worry about the kernel module:
1. The original installation fails. This probably means that your Linux system is not prepared for building
external kernel modules.

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Most Linux distributions can be set up simply by installing the right packages - normally, these will be the
GNU compiler (GCC), GNU Make (make) and packages containing header files for your kernel - and making
sure that all system updates are installed and that the system is running the most up-to-date kernel included

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in the distribution. The version numbers of the header file packages must be the same as that of the kernel
you are using.
? With Debian and Ubuntu releases, you must install the right version of the linux-headers and if it exists
the linux-kbuild package. Current Ubuntu releases should have the right packages installed by default.
? In even older Debian and Ubuntu releases, you must install the right version of the kernel-headers

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package.
? On Fedora and Redhat systems, the package is kernel-devel.
? On SUSE and openSUSE Linux, you must install the right versions of the kernel-source and kernel-syms
packages.
? If you have built your own kernel, you will need to make sure that you also installed all the required

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header and other files for building external modules to the right locations. The details of how to do
this will depend on how you built your kernel, and if you are unsure you should consult the
documentation which you followed to do so.
2. The kernel of your Linux host was updated and DKMS is not installed. In that case, the kernel module will
need to be reinstalled by executing (as root):

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rcvboxdrv setup
Performing the installation
VirtualBox is available in a number of package formats native to various common Linux distributions. In addition,
there is an alternative generic installer (.run) which should work on most Linux distributions.
Installing VirtualBox from a Debian/Ubuntu package

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First, download the appropriate package for your distribution. The following examples assume that you are installing
to a 32-bit Ubuntu Wily system. Use dpkg to install the Debian package:
sudodpkg -i virtualbox-5.0_5.0.20_Ubuntu_wily_i386.deb
The installer will also try to build kernel modules suitable for the current running kernel. If the build process is not
successful you will be shown a warning and the package will be left unconfigured. Please have a look at /var/log/vbox-

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install.log to find out why the compilation failed. You may have to install the appropriate Linux kernel After correcting
any problems, do


42 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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sudorcvboxdrv setup
This will start a second attempt to build the module.
If a suitable kernel module was found in the package or the module was successfully built, the installation script will
attempt to load that module.

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Once VirtualBox has been successfully installed and configured, you can start it by selecting "VirtualBox" in your
start menu or from the command line.
Using the alternative installer (VirtualBox.run)
The alternative installer performs the following steps:
? It unpacks the application files to the target directory,

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/opt/VirtualBox/
which cannot be changed.
? It builds the VirtualBox kernel modules (vboxdrv, vboxnetflt and vboxnetadp) and installs them.
? It creates /sbin/rcvboxdrv, an init script to start the VirtualBox kernel module.
? It creates a new system group called vboxusers.

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? It creates symbolic links in /usr/bin to the a shell script (/opt/VirtualBox/VBox) which does some sanity checks
and dispatches to the actual executables, VirtualBox, VBoxSDL, VBoxVRDP, VBoxHeadless and VBoxManage
? It creates /etc/udev/rules.d/60-vboxdrv.rules, a description file for udev, if that is present, which makes the USB
devices accessible to all users in the vboxusers group.
? It writes the installation directory to /etc/vbox/vbox.cfg.

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The installer must be executed as root with either install or uninstall as the first parameter.
sudo ./VirtualBox.run install
Or if you do not have the "sudo" command available, run the following as root instead:
./VirtualBox.run install

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43 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

After that you need to put every user which should be able to access USB devices from VirtualBox guests in the
group vboxusers, either through the GUI user management tools or by running the following command as root:

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sudousermod -a -G vboxusers username
Performing a manual installation
If, for any reason, you cannot use the shell script installer described previously, you can also perform a manual
installation. Invoke the installer like this:
./VirtualBox.run --keep --noexec

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This will unpack all the files needed for installation in the directory install under the current directory. The VirtualBox
application files are contained in VirtualBox.tar.bz2 which you can unpack to any directory on your system. For
example:
sudomkdir /opt/VirtualBox
sudo tar jxf ./install/VirtualBox.tar.bz2 -C /opt/VirtualBox

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or as root:
mkdir /opt/VirtualBox
tarjxf ./install/VirtualBox.tar.bz2 -C /opt/VirtualBox
The sources for VirtualBox's kernel module are provided in the src directory. To build the module, change to the
directory and issuemake

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If everything builds correctly, issue the following command to install the module to the appropriate module directory:
sudo make install
In case you do not have sudo, switch the user account to root and performmake install
The VirtualBox kernel module needs a device node to operate. The above make command will tell you how to create
the device node, depending on your Linux system. The procedure is slightly different for a classical Linux setup with

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a /dev directory, a system with the now deprecated devfs and a modern Linux system with udev.
Note that the /dev/vboxdrv kernel module device node must be owned by root:root and must be read/writable only for
the user.Next, you will have to install the system initialization script for the kernel module:
cp /opt/VirtualBox/vboxdrv.sh /sbin/rcvboxdrv
mkdir /etc/vbox

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echo INSTALL_DIR=/opt/VirtualBox> /etc/vbox/vbox.cfg


44 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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and, for convenience, create the following symbolic links:
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VirtualBox
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxManage
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxHeadless
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxSDL

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Sample Output:

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Result:
Thus the program to attach virtual block to virtual machine was successfully executed & checked whether it holds the
data after the release of the virtual machine.

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45 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find a procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual
machine and check whether it holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
Application:

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? To support the Cloud Computing with the Virtual Block Store System. The fast development of cloud
computing systems stimulates the needs for a standalone block storage system to provide persistent
block storage services to virtual machines maintained by clouds.

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1. What is Type-1 and Type-2 hypervisor?
2. What is the use of virsh command?
3. Explain how you can transfer volume from one owner to another in Open Stack?
4. Discuss about KVM Features?

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5. What is Virtual block?
6. What is Virtualization?
7. What are virtual clusters?
8. How virtualization happens in data center?
9. List some of the open source grid middleware packages.

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10. What is a programming model?
11. What is Hadoop?
12. What are map and reduce functions?
13. How to run a job in hadoop?
14. What is HDFS?

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15. What are the open source grid middleware packages?
16. What is peer to peer computing?
17. What are node clusters?
18. How virtual migration happens in data center?
Viva-voce

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46 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No.03: INSTALL A C COMPILER IN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE AND

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EXECUTE A SAMPLE PROGRAM.
Aim:
To Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Create a VM and Install any OS on it.
2.Install a C compiler on OS

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3.Open a Editor and type the sample program and Save.
4.Compile and run the Program
Example:
C programming on Linux based Environement

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1. Open Terminal (Applications-Accessories-Terminal)
2. Open gedit by typing ?gedit&? on terminal(You can also use any other Text Editor application)
3. Type the following on gedit
(or any other text editor)
#include

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main()
{
printf("Hello World\n");
}
Save this file as

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?helloworld. C?
5. Type ?ls? on Terminal to see all files under current folder
6. Confirm that ?helloworld.c? is in the current directory.
If not, type cd DIRECTORY_PATH to go to the
directory that has ?helloworld.c?

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7. Type ?gcchelloworld.c? to compile, and type ?ls? to
confirm that a new executable file ?a.out? is created
8. Type ?./a.out? on Terminal to run the program

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47 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to install a C complier is done and the sample program was executed successfully.

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48 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and
execute a sample program
Application:
The application of installing a C compiler in the virtual machine benefits to have a portable executable, for
each platform.

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1. What is the difference between Xen & KVM ?
2. What are different hypervisors available in Linux ?
3. Which command is used to list all virtual machine running on the KVM hypervisor ?
4. What are the different states of a VM in Xen hypervisor ?

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5. How to forcefully shutdown the KVM based virtual machine from the command line ?
6. What is virtual Machine?
7. What is Compiler?
8. What is Directory?
9. List the C Compilers available?

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10. What is virtualization?
11. List out VM operations
12. What are different hypervisors available in windows?
13. How to implement applications on the cloud to install C compiler?
14. What are grid and cloud tools available?

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15. What is hypervisor?
Viva-voce


49 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No.04: SHOW THE VIRTUAL MACHINE MIGRATION BASED ON
THE CERTAIN CONDITION FROM ONE NODE TO THE OTHER.

Aim:

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To Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other

Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos

Procedure:
1.Update source and target virtual machines to latest package versions
To help ensure that platform images between cloud providers are running the same version of key operating system

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packages, update these packages to the latest versions on both source and target virtual machines.
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
2. Install rsync and screen packages on source and target virtual machines
The migration of application packages and files in this process will use rsync over ssh between source and target

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virtual machines. The actual transfer of files between virtual machines can take some time, so I also recommend
using screen so that you can easily re-attach to an in-progress migration session if you are inadvertently
disconnected.
Ensure that rsync and screen packages are installed on both the source and target virtual machines with these
commands:

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sudo apt-get install rsync
sudo apt-get install screen
3. Add a consistent user account to both source and target virtual machines
To facilitate the migration process, ensure that you have a consistent user account configured on both source and
target virtual machines with sudo enabled. The newly provisioned target virtual machines from Task 3 already

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50 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

include a user named azureuser with sudo enabled. To configure this same user on each source virtual machine,

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use the following commands:
sudogroupadd -g 500 azureuser
sudouseradd -u 500 -g 500 -m -s /bin/bash azureuser
sudopasswdazureuser
4. Start a screen session for the migration

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On the source virtual machine, enter a new screen session for the migration by using the following command:
sudo screen -S AzureMigration
If you are disconnected from the source virtual machine during the migration process, you can reconnect to the
detached screen session by using the following command after signing in again to the source virtual machine:
sudo screen -r

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5. Build an exclusion list of directories and files
During the migration, we want to be careful to skip any files that include configuration information relating to the
identity of the source virtual machines, such as IP addresses, hostnames, ssh keys, etc. For the Ubuntu-based
virtual machines that we migrated, we used the following commands on each source virtual machine to build our
list of directories and files to exclude from the migration process:

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EXCLUDEFILE=/tmp/exclude.file
EXCLUDELIST='/boot /etc/fstab /etc/hostname /etc/issue /etc/hosts
/etc/sudoers /etc/networks /etc/network/* /etc/resolv.conf
/etc/ssh/* /etc/sysctl.conf /etc/mtab /etc/udev/rules.d/*
/lock /net /tmp'

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EXCLUDEPATH=$(echo $EXCLUDELIST | sed 's/\ /\\n/g')
echo -e $EXCLUDEPATH > $EXCLUDEFILE
find / -name '*cloud-init*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE
find / -name '*cloud-config*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE
find / -name '*cloud-final*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE

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51 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

The actual list of directories and files that you exclude may vary from this list, based on the Linux distro version,

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packages and applications that you are migrating.
Credits: Kudos to Kevin Carter who wrote a great article a couple years ago that provided a useful starting point for
building a list of directories and files to consider excluding as part of a Linux-to-Linux migration process!
6. Stop applications during migration
To minimize application data changes from occurring during the migration process, stop the related applications and

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daemons on the source virtual machines. The application that we migrated was a web application built using
Apache2, so we simply stopped the related Apache2 daemon.
sudo service stop apache2
7. Migrate the application files and data
From each source virtual machine, migrate application files and data using two rsync passes over ssh. The first

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pass performs the bulk of the data transfer, whereas the second pass uses checksums to confirm that all files were
transferred successfully.
TARGETVM="insert_target_vm_public_ip_address"
rsync -e "ssh" -rlpEAXogDtSzh -P -x ?exclude-from="$EXCLUDEFILE" ?rsync-path="sudorsync" ?
verbose ?progress / azureuser@$TARGETVM:/

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rsync -e "ssh" -crlpEAXogDtSzh -P -x ?exclude-from="$EXCLUDEFILE" ?rsync-path="sudorsync" ?
verbose ?progress / azureuser@$TARGETVM:/
8. Restart each target virtual machine
After both rsync passes have completed, restart each target virtual machine to complete the migration
process.

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sshazureuser@$TARGETVM
shutdown -r now

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52 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to implement migration of virtual machine was executed successfully.

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53 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to Show the virtual machine migration based on the
certain condition from one node to the other
Application:

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? Its easier to migrate a Virtual Machine from one server to another, than migrating the operating
system and application(s) individually.
? Using Virtual Machine Migration, its possible to migrate operating systems and applications from
older servers to newer servers easily and without disrupting the services.

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1. What are the basic requirements of VM live migration in KVM?
2. Which command is used in KVM for VMs live migration?
3. How to get hardware information of KVM guest machine?
4. What is VM migration?
5. Which type of virtualization is also characteristic of cloud computing ?

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6. Which virtualization standard does the WebSphere Application Server Hypervisor Edition use?
7.Which three tools are included in the IBM Rational Jazz Collaborative Application Lifecycle
Management (C/ALM) solution?
8. What are two ways a public cloud helps customers reduce their IT costs?
9.What functionality is provided by the IBM Security Network Intrusion Prevention System Virtual

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Appliance for a cloud environment?
10. What are two important benefits of using cloud computing?
11. What is the value of IBM Security Information and Event Manager in a cloud provider environment?
12. What is the main purpose of an IBM CloudBurst solution?
Viva-voce

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54 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

EX.NO.5: PROCEDURE TO INSTALL STORAGE CONTROLLER AND

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INTERACT WITH IT.
Aim:
Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it

Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:

To install Storage Control, follow these steps.
Ensure that Systems Director 6.3 is installed and running.
Ensure that you are logged in to Systems Director with a user ID that has administrative privileges.

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Windows only: Restart the DB2 Management server.
a) Go to Start >Administrative Tools >Services.
b) Select DB2 Management Service from the services window and restart it.
If you want to download and install Storage Control, go to step 5. If you want to install Storage Control from read-
only media, such as a CD or mounted .iso image, go to step 8.

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From the Systems Director summary page, click the link Try Storage Control in the upper right corner.
A download page opens. Download the appropriate file for your operating system.
7.Extract the files to the directory where you want to install Storage Control, then go to step 9.
8. Copy the Storage Control installer directory from the CD or the mounted .iso image into a temporary directory
close to the system root. For example, /SCInstall for AIX or Linux and C:\SCInstall for Windows.

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9. Access a command window and navigate to the directory where you extracted the files or where you copied
the installer directory. Run the appropriate script. If you do not want the license agreement to display, use the -
ioption when you run the script. For example, StorageControlInstall.sh -i.
Important: If you are not using IBM DB2 managed by Systems Director, then
the DB2 user ID used must have DB2 Administrator privileges.

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On Microsoft Windows systems, run the script StorageControlInstall.bat.


55 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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On Linux and AIX systems, run the script StorageControlInstall.sh.
10. Restart Systems Director as directed.

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Result:
Thus the program to install storage controller was executed successfully.

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56 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find procedure to install storage controller and
interact with it
Application:
A controller offers a level of abstraction between an operating system and the physical drives. A RAID
controller presents groups to applications and operating systems as logical units for which data protection

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schemes can be defined.

1. What is a snapshot?
2. What is Thick Provision Lazy Zeroed?
3. What is Thick Provision Eager Zeroed?

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4. What is Thin Provision?
5. What is VDI?
6. What is storage vMotion?
7. How many virtual CPUs can I use on a Fault Tolerant virtual machine?
8. What is the use of vmware tools?

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9. What happens if vCenter Server is offline when a failover event occurs?
10. What are the monitoring methods used for vSphere HA?
11. What are the roles of a master host in vSphere HA?
12. What is the hardware version used in VMware ESXi 5.5?
13. What is server virtualization?

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14. What is Network Virtualization?
15. What is template?
Viva-Voce

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57 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


EX.NO.6: PROCEDURE TO SET UP ONE HADOOP CLUSTER

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Aim:
To Find a procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
Follow the steps given below to have Hadoop Multi-Node cluster setup.
Installing Java
Java is the main prerequisite for Hadoop. First of all, you should verify the existence of java in your system using

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?java -version?. The syntax of java version command is given below.
$ java-version
If everything works fine it will give you the following output.
java version "1.7.0_71"
Java(TM) SE RuntimeEnvironment(build 1.7.0_71-b13)

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JavaHotSpot(TM)Client VM (build 25.0-b02, mixed mode)
If java is not installed in your system, then follow the given steps for installing java.
1. Download java (JDK - X64.tar.gz) by visiting the following link
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk7-downloads-1880260.html
Then jdk-7u71-linux-x64.tar.gz will be downloaded into your system.

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2. Generally you will find the downloaded java file in Downloads folder. Verify it and extract the jdk-7u71-linux-
x64.gz file using the following commands.
$ cdDownloads/
$ ls
jdk-7u71-Linux-x64.gz

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$ tar zxf jdk-7u71-Linux-x64.gz
$ ls
jdk1.7.0_71 jdk-7u71-Linux-x64.gz

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58 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

3. To make java available to all the users, you have to move it to the location ?/usr/local/?. Open the root, and type
the following commands.
$ su

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password:
# mv jdk1.7.0_71 /usr/local/
# exit
4. For setting up PATH and JAVA_HOME variables, add the following commands to ~/.bashrc file.
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.7.0_71

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export PATH=PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
Now verify the java -version command from the terminal as explained above. Follow the above process and install
java in all your cluster nodes.
Creating User Account
Create a system user account on both master and slave systems to use the Hadoop installation.

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# useraddhadoop
# passwdhadoop
Mapping the nodes
You have to edit hosts file in /etc/ folder on all nodes, specify the IP address of each system followed by their host
names.

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# vi /etc/hosts
enter the following lines in the /etc/hosts file.
192.168.1.109hadoop-master
192.168.1.145 hadoop-slave-1
192.168.56.1 hadoop-slave-2

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Configuring Key Based Login
Setup ssh in every node such that they can communicate with one another without any prompt for password.
# suhadoop
$ ssh-keygen-t rsa
$ ssh-copy-id-i~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub tutorialspoint@hadoop-master

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$ ssh-copy-id-i~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop_tp1@hadoop-slave-1
$ ssh-copy-id-i~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop_tp2@hadoop-slave-2
$ chmod0600~/.ssh/authorized_keys
$ exit
Installing Hadoop

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In the Master server, download and install Hadoop using the following commands.
# mkdir /opt/hadoop
# cd /opt/hadoop/
# wget http://apache.mesi.com.ar/hadoop/common/hadoop-1.2.1/hadoop-1.2.0.tar.gz
# tar -xzf hadoop-1.2.0.tar.gz

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# mv hadoop-1.2.0 hadoop


59 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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# chown -R hadoop /opt/hadoop
# cd /opt/hadoop/hadoop/
Configuring Hadoop
You have to configure Hadoop server by making the following changes as given below.
core-site.xml

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Open the core-site.xml file and edit it as shown below.


fs.default.name

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hdfs://hadoop-master:9000/


dfs.permissions
false

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hdfs-site.xml
Open the hdfs-site.xml file and edit it as shown below.

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dfs.data.dir
/opt/hadoop/hadoop/dfs/name/data
true

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dfs.name.dir
/opt/hadoop/hadoop/dfs/name
true

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dfs.replication
1

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mapred-site.xml
Open the mapred-site.xml file and edit it as shown below.

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mapred.job.tracker
hadoop-master:9001


hadoop-env.sh

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Open the hadoop-env.sh file and edit JAVA_HOME, HADOOP_CONF_DIR, and HADOOP_OPTS as shown below.
Note: Set the JAVA_HOME as per your system configuration.
export JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk1.7.0_17 export HADOOP_OPTS=-Djava.net.preferIPv4Stack=trueexport
HADOOP_CONF_DIR=/opt/hadoop/hadoop/conf
Installing Hadoop on Slave Servers

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Install Hadoop on all the slave servers by following the given commands.
# suhadoop
$ cd/opt/hadoop
$ scp-r hadoop hadoop-slave-1:/opt/hadoop
$ scp-r hadoop hadoop-slave-2:/opt/hadoop

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Configuring Hadoop on Master Server
Open the master server and configure it by following the given commands.
# suhadoop
$ cd/opt/hadoop/hadoop
Configuring Master Node

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$ vietc/hadoop/masters
hadoop-master
Configuring Slave Node
$ vietc/hadoop/slaves
hadoop-slave-1

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hadoop-slave-2
Format Name Node on Hadoop Master
# suhadoop
$ cd/opt/hadoop/hadoop
$ bin/hadoopnamenode?format

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11/10/1410:58:07 INFO namenode.NameNode:
STARTUP_MSG:/************************************************************
STARTUP_MSG: Starting NameNode
STARTUP_MSG: host = hadoop-master/192.168.1.109
STARTUP_MSG: args = [-format]

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STARTUP_MSG: version = 1.2.0
STARTUP_MSG: build = https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/hadoop/common/branches/branch-1.2 -r 1479473;
compiled by 'hortonfo' on Mon May 6 06:59:37 UTC 2013

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STARTUP_MSG: java = 1.7.0_71 ************************************************************/11/10/1410:58:08 INFO
util.GSet:Computing capacity for map BlocksMapeditlog=/opt/hadoop/hadoop/dfs/name/current/edits
?.

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?.
?.11/10/1410:58:08 INFO common.Storage:Storage directory
/opt/hadoop/hadoop/dfs/name has been successfully formatted.11/10/1410:58:08 INFO namenode.NameNode:
SHUTDOWN_MSG:/************************************************************ SHUTDOWN_MSG: Shutting down
NameNode at hadoop-master/192.168.1.15 ************************************************************/

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Starting Hadoop Services
The following command is to start all the Hadoop services on the Hadoop-Master.
$ cd $HADOOP_HOME/sbin
$ start-all.sh
Adding a New DataNode in the Hadoop Cluster

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Given below are the steps to be followed for adding new nodes to a Hadoop cluster.
Networking
Add new nodes to an existing Hadoop cluster with some appropriate network configuration. Assume the following
network configuration.
For New node Configuration:

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IP address :192.168.1.103
netmask:255.255.255.0
hostname : slave3.in
Adding User and SSH Access
Add a User

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On a new node, add "hadoop" user and set password of Hadoop user to "hadoop123" or anything you want by using
the following commands.
useraddhadoop
passwdhadoop
Setup Password less connectivity from master to new slave.

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Execute the following on the master
mkdir-p $HOME/.ssh
chmod700 $HOME/.ssh
ssh-keygen-t rsa-P ''-f $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa
cat $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys

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chmod644 $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys
Copy the public key to new slave node inhadoop user $HOME directory
scp $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop@192.168.1.103:/home/hadoop/
Execute the following on the slaves
Login to hadoop. If not, login to hadoop user.

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suhadoopssh-X hadoop@192.168.1.103

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Copy the content of public key into file "$HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys" and then change the permission for the
same by executing the following commands.
cd $HOME
mkdir-p $HOME/.ssh
chmod700 $HOME/.ssh

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cat id_rsa.pub >>$HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys
chmod644 $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys
Check ssh login from the master machine. Now check if you can ssh to the new node without a password from the
master.
ssh hadoop@192.168.1.103or hadoop@slave3

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Set Hostname of New Node
You can set hostname in file /etc/sysconfig/network
Onnew slave3 machine
NETWORKING=yes
HOSTNAME=slave3.in

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To make the changes effective, either restart the machine or run hostname command to a new machine with the
respective hostname (restart is a good option).
On slave3 node machine:
hostname slave3.in
Update /etc/hosts on all machines of the cluster with the following lines:

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192.168.1.102 slave3.in slave3
Now try to ping the machine with hostnames to check whether it is resolving to IP or not.
On new node machine:
ping master.in
Start the DataNode on New Node

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Start the datanode daemon manually using $HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoop-daemon.sh script. It will automatically
contact the master (NameNode) and join the cluster. We should also add the new node to the conf/slaves file in the
master server. The script-based commands will recognize the new node.
Login to new node
suhadooporssh-X hadoop@192.168.1.103

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Start HDFS on a newly added slave node by using the following command
./bin/hadoop-daemon.sh start datanode


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Check the output of jps command on a new node. It looks as follows.
$ jps
7141DataNode
10312Jps

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Removing a DataNode from the Hadoop Cluster
We can remove a node from a cluster on the fly, while it is running, without any data loss. HDFS provides a
decommissioning feature, which ensures that removing a node is performed safely. To use it, follow the steps as
given below:
1. Login to master

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Login to master machine user where Hadoop is installed.
$ suhadoop
2 Change cluster configuration
An exclude file must be configured before starting the cluster. Add a key named dfs.hosts.exclude to our
$HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml file. The value associated with this key provides the full path to a file

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on the NameNode's local file system which contains a list of machines which are not permitted to connect to HDFS.
For example, add these lines to etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml file.

dfs.hosts.exclude
/home/hadoop/hadoop-1.2.1/hdfs_exclude.txt

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DFS exclude

3. Determine hosts to decommission
Each machine to be decommissioned should be added to the file identified by the hdfs_exclude.txt, one domain

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name per line. This will prevent them from connecting to the NameNode. Content of the "/home/hadoop/hadoop-
1.2.1/hdfs_exclude.txt" file is shown below, if you want to remove DataNode2.slave2.in
4. Force configuration reload
Run the command "$HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoopdfsadmin -refreshNodes" without the quotes.
$ $HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoopdfsadmin-refreshNodes

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This will force the NameNode to re-read its configuration, including the newly updated ?excludes? file. It will
decommission the nodes over a period of time, allowing time for each node's blocks to be replicated onto machines
which are scheduled to remain active.On slave2.in, check the jps command output. After some time, you will see the
DataNode process is shutdown automatically.
5. Shutdown nodes

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After the decommission process has been completed, the decommissioned hardware can be safely shut down for
maintenance. Run the report command to dfsadmin to check the status of decommission. The following command
will describe the status of the decommission node and the connected nodes to the cluster.

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$ $HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoopdfsadmin-report
6. Edit excludes file again
Once the machines have been decommissioned, they can be removed from the ?excludes? file. Running

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"$HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoopdfsadmin -refreshNodes" again will read the excludes file back into the
NameNode; allowing the DataNodes to rejoin the cluster after the maintenance has been completed, or additional
capacity is needed in the cluster again, etc.

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Result:

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Thus the program to install storage controller was executed successfully.


65 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find a procedure to set up the one node Hadoop
cluster

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Application:
Many organisations are required to deal with large data sets. To handle the large data sets these organisations
use hadoop cluster. But they need to set up hadoop cluster with different number of nodes several times.

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1) What is Big Data?
2) What are the four characteristics of Big Data?
3) What are real-time industry applications of Hadoop?
4) What all modes Hadoop can be run in?
5) What are the most common Input Formats in Hadoop?

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6) Define DataNode
7) What are the core methods of a Reducer?
8) What is Job Tracker role in Hadoop?
9) What is the use of RecordReader in Hadoop?
10) What companies use Hadoop, any idea?

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11) Why do we need Hadoop?
12) What is the basic difference between traditional RDBMS and Hadoop?

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Viva-Voce


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EX.NO.07: MOUNT THE ONE NODE HADOOP CLUSTER USING FUSE

Aim:
To Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
Interfaces

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Following are the important interfaces:
? Client<-->ResourceManager
By using YarnClient objects.
? ApplicationMaster<-->ResourceManager
By using AMRMClientAsync objects, handling events asynchronously by

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AMRMClientAsync.CallbackHandler
? ApplicationMaster<-->NodeManager
Launch containers. Communicate with NodeManagers by using NMClientAsync objects, handling container
events by NMClientAsync.CallbackHandler
Writing a Simple Yarn Application

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Writing a simple Client
? The first step that a client needs to do is to initialize and start a YarnClient.
? YarnClientyarnClient = YarnClient.createYarnClient();
? yarnClient.init(conf);

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? yarnClient.start();
? Once a client is set up, the client needs to create an application, and get its application id.

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? YarnClientApplication app = yarnClient.createApplication();
? GetNewApplicationResponseappResponse = app.getNewApplicationResponse();
? The response from the YarnClientApplication for a new application also contains information about the
cluster such as the minimum/maximum resource capabilities of the cluster. This is required so that to ensure
that you can correctly set the specifications of the container in which the ApplicationMaster would be

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launched. Please refer to GetNewApplicationResponse for more details.
? The main crux of a client is to setup the ApplicationSubmissionContext which defines all the information
needed by the RM to launch the AM. A client needs to set the following into the context:
? Application info: id, name
? Queue, priority info: Queue to which the application will be submitted, the priority to be assigned for the

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application.
? User: The user submitting the application
? ContainerLaunchContext: The information defining the container in which the AM will be launched and run.
The ContainerLaunchContext, as mentioned previously, defines all the required information needed to run
the application such as the local *Resources (binaries, jars, files etc.), Environment settings (CLASSPATH

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etc.), the Command to be executed and security T*okens (RECT).
The ApplicationReport received from the RM consists of the following:
? General application information: Application id, queue to which the application was submitted, user who
submitted the application and the start time for the application.
? ApplicationMaster details: the host on which the AM is running, the rpc port (if any) on which it is

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listening for requests from clients and a token that the client needs to communicate with the AM.


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? Application tracking information: If the application supports some form of progress tracking, it can set a
tracking url which is available via ApplicationReport?sgetTrackingUrl() method that a client can look at to
monitor progress.
? Application status: The state of the application as seen by the ResourceManager is available via
ApplicationReport#getYarnApplicationState. If the YarnApplicationState is set to FINISHED, the client

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should refer to ApplicationReport#getFinalApplicationStatus to check for the actual success/failure of the
application task itself. In case of failures, ApplicationReport#getDiagnostics may be useful to shed some
more light on the the failure.
? If the ApplicationMaster supports it, a client can directly query the AM itself for progress updates via the
host:rpcport information obtained from the application report. It can also use the tracking url obtained

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from the report if available.
? In certain situations, if the application is taking too long or due to other factors, the client may wish to kill
the application. YarnClient supports the killApplication call that allows a client to send a kill signal to the
AM via the ResourceManager. An ApplicationMaster if so designed may also support an abort call via its
rpc layer that a client may be able to leverage.

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? yarnClient.killApplication(appId);
Writing an ApplicationMaster (AM)
? The AM is the actual owner of the job. It will be launched by the RM and via the client will be provided
all the necessary information and resources about the job that it has been tasked with to oversee and
complete.

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? As the AM is launched within a container that may (likely will) be sharing a physical host with other
containers, given the multi-tenancy nature, amongst other issues, it cannot make any assumptions of
things like pre-configured ports that it can listen on.
? When the AM starts up, several parameters are made available to it via the environment. These
include the ContainerId for the AM container, the application submission time and details about the

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NM (NodeManager) host running the ApplicationMaster. Ref ApplicationConstants for parameter

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names.
? All interactions with the RM require an ApplicationAttemptId (there can be multiple attempts per
application in case of failures). The ApplicationAttemptIdcan be obtained from the AM?s container id.
There are helper APIs to convert the value obtained from the environment into objects.
? In setupContainerAskForRM(), the follow two things need some set up:

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? Resource capability: Currently, YARN supports memory based resource requirements so the request
should define how much memory is needed. The value is defined in MB and has to less than the max
capability of the cluster and an exact multiple of the min capability. Memory resources correspond to
physical memory limits imposed on the task containers. It will also support computation based
resource (vCore), as shown in the code.

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? Priority: When asking for sets of containers, an AM may define different priorities to each set. For
example, the Map-Reduce AM may assign a higher priority to containers needed for the Map tasks
and a lower priority for the Reduce tasks? containers.
? After container allocation requests have been sent by the application manager, contailers will be
launched asynchronously, by the event handler of the AMRMClientAsync client. The handler should

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implement AMRMClientAsync.CallbackHandler interface.
? When there are containers allocated, the handler sets up a thread that runs the code to launch
containers. Here we use the name LaunchContainerRunnable to demonstrate. We will talk about the
LaunchContainerRunnable class in the following part of this article.
? heNMClientAsync object, together with its event handler, handles container events. Including

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container start, stop, status update, and occurs an error.
? After the ApplicationMaster determines the work is done, it needs to unregister itself through the AM-
RM client, and then stops the client.

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Result:

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Thus the procedure to mount the one node hadoop cluster using FUSE was executed successfully.


71 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact
with it

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Application:
The hadoop-hdfs-fuse package enables you to use your HDFS cluster as if it were a traditional
filesystem on Linux. It is assumed that you have a working HDFS cluster and know the hostname
and port that your NameNode exposes.

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1) 1. What is Apache Hadoop?
2) Why do we need Hadoop?
3) What are the core components of Hadoop?

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4) What are the Features of Hadoop?
5) Compare Hadoop and RDBMS?
6) What are the limitations of Hadoop?
7) Explain Data Locality in Hadoop?
8) What is a ?Distributed Cache? in Apache Hadoop?

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9) How is security achieved in Hadoop?
10) What does jps command do in Hadoop?
11) Is it possible to provide multiple input to Hadoop? If yes then how?
12) Is it possible to have hadoop job output in multiple directories? If yes, how?

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Viva-Voce

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72 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

EX.NO.08: WRITE A PROGRAM TO USE THE API?S OF HADOOP TO
INTERACT WITH IT

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Aim:
To Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
Hadoop MapReduce is a software framework for easily writing applications which process vast amounts of data
(multi-terabyte data-sets) in-parallel on large clusters (thousands of nodes) of commodity hardware in a reliable,
fault-tolerant manner.

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A MapReducejob usually splits the input data-set into independent chunks which are processed by the map tasks in
a completely parallel manner. The framework sorts the outputs of the maps, which are then input to the reduce
tasks. Typically both the input and the output of the job are stored in a file-system. The framework takes care of
scheduling tasks, monitoring them and re-executes the failed tasks.
Typically the compute nodes and the storage nodes are the same, that is, the MapReduce framework and the

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Hadoop Distributed File System are running on the same set of nodes. This configuration allows the framework to
effectively schedule tasks on the nodes where data is already present, resulting in very high aggregate bandwidth
across the cluster.
The MapReduce framework consists of a single master ResourceManager, one slave NodeManager per cluster-
node, and MRAppMaster per application.

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Minimally, applications specify the input/output locations and supply map and reduce functions via implementations
of appropriate interfaces and/or abstract-classes. These, and other job parameters, comprise the job configuration.


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The Hadoop job client then submits the job (jar/executable etc.) and configuration to the ResourceManager which
then assumes the responsibility of distributing the software/configuration to the slaves, scheduling tasks and
monitoring them, providing status and diagnostic information to the job-client.
Inputs and Outputs

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The MapReduce framework operates exclusively on pairs, that is, the framework views the input to the
job as a set of pairs and produces a set of pairs as the output of the job, conceivably of
different types.
The key and value classes have to be serializable by the framework and hence need to implement the Writable
interface. Additionally, the key classes have to implement the Writable Comparable interface to facilitate sorting by

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the framework.
Input and Output types of a MapReduce job:
(input) ->map-> ->combine-> ->reduce-> (output)
Assuming environment variables are set as follows:
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/default

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export PATH=${JAVA_HOME}/bin:${PATH}
export HADOOP_CLASSPATH=${JAVA_HOME}/lib/tools.jar
Compile WordCount.java and create a jar:
$ bin/hadoopcom.sun.tools.javac.Main WordCount.java
$ jar cf wc.jar WordCount*.class

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Assuming that:
? /user/joe/wordcount/input - input directory in HDFS
? /user/joe/wordcount/output - output directory in HDFS
?
Sample text-files as input:

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$ bin/hadoop fs -ls /user/joe/wordcount/input/ /user/joe/wordcount/input/file01 /user/joe/wordcount/input/file02

$ bin/hadoop fs -cat /user/joe/wordcount/input/file01
Hello World Bye World

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$ bin/hadoop fs -cat /user/joe/wordcount/input/file02
Hello Hadoop Goodbye Hadoop
Run the application:

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74 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

$ bin/hadoop jar wc.jar WordCount /user/joe/wordcount/input /user/joe/wordcount/output

Sample Output:

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$ bin/hadoop fs -cat /user/joe/wordcount/output/part-r-00000`
Bye 1
Goodbye 1
Hadoop 2
Hello 2

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World 2`

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Result:
Thus the program using hadoop APIs was executed successfully

FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

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0 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

College o f Engineering

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?



DEPARTMENT OF

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COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
VII SEMESTER - R 2013

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Name : ______________________________________
Reg. No. : ______________________________________
Section : ______________________________________

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LABORATORY MANUAL


1 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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DHANALAKSHMI


is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and enterprising
professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and training.

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? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic Excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart and

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soul

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

To strive for acquiring, applying and imparting knowledge in Computer Science and Engineering through quality

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education and to provide enthusiastic professionals with commitment


? To produce highly competent and globally employable engineers in the field of Computer Science and
Engineering

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? To inculcate human values among the student community and make them realize their commitment to the society
? To exhibit excellence in pursuit of research and innovative products with a zeal to serve the society


VISION

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VISION
MISSION
MISSION

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2 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)
1. Fundamentals
To provide students with a solid foundation in Mathematics, Science and fundamentals of engineering, enabling

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them to apply, to find solutions for engineering problems and use this knowledge to acquire higher education
2. Core Competence
To train the students in Computer science and engineering technologies so that they apply their knowledge and
training to compare, and to analyze various engineering industrial problems to find solutions
3. Breadth

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To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice this enables them to
find solutions for the real time problems in industry, and to design products
4. Professionalism
To inculcate professional and effective communication skills, leadership qualities and team spirit in the students
to make them multi-faceted personalities and develop their ability to relate engineering issues to broader social

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context
5. Lifelong Learning/Ethics
To demonstrate and practice ethical and professional responsibilities in the industry and society in the large,
through commitment and lifelong learning needed for successful professional career

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4

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PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)
a) To demonstrate and apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Electronics and Communication Engineering field
b) To design a component, a system or a process to meet the specific needs within the realistic constraints
such as economics, environment, ethics, health, safety and manufacturability

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c) To demonstrate the competency to use software tools for computation, simulation and testing of electronics and
communication engineering circuits
d) To identify, formulate and solve electronic and communication engineering problems
e) To demonstrate an ability to visualize and work on laboratory and multidisciplinary tasks
f) To function as a member or a leader in multidisciplinary activities

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g) To communicate in verbal and written form with fellow engineers and society at large
h) To understand the impact of Electronics and Communication Engineering in the society and demonstrate awareness
of contemporary issues and commitment to give solutions exhibiting social responsibility
i) To demonstrate professional & ethical responsibilities
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning

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k) To participate and succeed in competitive exams

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5 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

SYLLABUS

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Learn the working of ARM processor
Understand the Building Blocks of Embedded Systems
Learn the concept of memory map and memory interface
Know the characteristics of Real Time Systems
Write programs to interface memory, I/Os with processor

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Study the interrupt performance
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
GRID COMPUTING LAB
Use Globus Toolkit or equivalent and do the following:
1. Develop a new Web Service for Calculator.

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2. Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service.
3. Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service.
4. Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs
5. Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus Toolkit.
6. Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it with and without

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GRAM concept.

CLOUD COMPUTING LAB
Use Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent to set up the cloud and demonstrate.
1. Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines

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COURSE OBJECTIVES


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can be utilized at particular time.
2. Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even
after the release of the virtual machine.
3. Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program.
4. Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other.

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5. Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it.
6. Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster.
7. Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE.
8. Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it.
9. Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits.

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid.
? Design and Implement applications on the Cloud.
? Design network objects by applying the networking concepts.
? Create virtualization concept.
? Design web based applications.

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? Apply cloud tools for resource allocation.
? Apply grid tools for network translation.
? Design private cloud using open stack.
COURSE OUTCOMES

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7


CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
CONTENTS

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Sl. No. Name of the Experiment Page No.
CYCLE 1 ? EXPERIMENTS ( GRID COMPUTING)
1
Develop a new Web Service for Calculator 7
2

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Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service 16
3
Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service 19
4
Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs 22

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5
Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus
Toolkit
25
6

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Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it
with and without GRAM concept
27
CYCLE 2 ? EXPERIMENTS (CLOUD COMPUTING)
1

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Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how
many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
34
2
Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it

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holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
36
3 Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program 39
4
Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to

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the other
42
5 Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it 45
6 Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster 47
7 Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE

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ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS
1 Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it 52
2 Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks 55

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8 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO GRID COMPUTING


GRID TECHNOLOGY

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? Flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and
resource
? Grid architecture
? Defined using services and protocols
? Using the ?sand hourglass? model similar to the TCP/IP protocol stack

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"A computational grid is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides dependable, consistent, pervasive and
inexpensive access to high-end computational capabilities."
Grid computing makes it possible to dynamically share and coordinate dispersed, heterogeneous computing
resources. Flexibility and ubiquity are essential characteristics of Web services technologies such as WSDL (Web

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Services Description Language), SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), and UDDI (Universal Description,
Discovery, and Integration).
The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) combines technologies to unlock and exploit grid-attached resources.
OGSA defines mechanisms to create, manage, and exchange information between Grid Services, a special type of
Web service. The architecture uses WSDL extensively to describe the structure and behavior of a service. Service

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descriptions are located and discovered using Web Services Inspection Language (WSIL). By combining elements
from grid computing and Web services technologies, OGSA establishes an extensible and interoperable design and
development framework for Grid Services that includes details for service definition, discovery, and life-cycle
management.

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9 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


GLOBUS TOOLKIT

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The Globus Toolkit provides software tools to make it easier to build computational grids and grid-based
applications. The Globus Toolkit is both an open architecture and open source toolkit.

? The Globus Toolkit is a product of the Globus Alliance (http://www.globus.org)

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? It is middleware for developing grids
? The current release is 6.0.
? Four key protocols and APIs
? Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI)
? Grid Resource Allocation & Mgmt (GRAM)

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? Grid Resource Information Protocol (GRIP) and Index Information Protocol (GIIP)
? Grid File Transfer Protocol (GridFTP)
? Implementations on many platforms
? Resources, security systems, data models,
? Various collective layer protocols & tools

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? Info services, replica management, etc.
? A basis for many Grid-enabled tools & apps
FTP, SSH, Condor, SRB, MPI, EDG, GridPort,
GLOBUS TOOLKIT? COMPONENTS
? Security

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? GSI ? Grid Security Infrastructure
? Resource Management
? GRAM ? Grid Resource Allocation Manager
o globusrun
o RSL

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o gatekeeper
o job manager
o DUROC ? Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator
? Information Services
? MDS ? Monitoring and Discovery Service

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10 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

o GRIS ? Grid Resource Information Service

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o GIIS ? Grid Index Information Service
o MDS Client
? Data Management
o GridFTP, GASS
The Globus Toolkit latest version 6.0 includes:

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GSI: security
GridFTP: file transfer
GRAM: job execution/resource management
MyProxy: credential repository/certificate authority
GSI-OpenSSH: GSI secure single sign-on remote shell

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11 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

GLOBUS TOOLKIT INSTALLATION PROCEDURE

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Step1: For installing Globus Toolkit nothing more easy than download the latest package:
http://toolkit.globus.org/ftppub/gt6/installers/repo/globus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
sudodpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Step2: Update the repositories: sudo apt-get update
Step3: To install Debian or Ubuntu package, download the globus-toolkit-repo package

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from the link above and install it with the command:
root@sysa63:/home/#dpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Do the following for Debian-based systems:
root@sysa63:/home/#apt-get install globus-data-management-client

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12 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 01: DEVELOP A NEW WEB SERVICE FOR CALCULATOR

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Aim:
Develop a Web Service for new Calculator
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Our first web service is an extremely simple Math Web Service, which we'll refer to asMathService. It will
2. allow users to perform the following operations:
a. Addition

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b. Subtraction
3. Furthermore, MathService will have the following resource properties (RPs for short):
a. Value (integer)
b. Last operation performed (string)
4. We will also add a "Get Value" operation to access the Value RP. Once a new resource is created, the

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"value" RP is initialized to zero, and the "last operation" RP is initialized to "NONE". The parameter is
added/subtracted to the "value" RP, and the "last operation" RP is changed to "ADDITION" or
"SUBTRACTION" accordingly. Also, the addition and subtraction operations don't return anything.
5. Writing and deploying a WSRF Web Service is easier than you might think. You just have to follow five
simple steps.

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6. Define the service's interface. This is done with WSDL
7. Implement the service. This is done with Java.
8. Define the deployment parameters. This is done with WSDD and JNDI
9. Compile everything and generate a GAR file. This is done with Ant
10. Deploy service. This is also done with a GT4 tool

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Sample Code:

_instance"
xmlns ="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"

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xmlns:tns="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/examples/core/MathService_instance"
xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsrp="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-
ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.xsd" xmlns:wsrpw="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-

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13 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.wsdl"
xmlns:wsdlpp="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/2004/10/WSDLPreprocessor"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">

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Result:
Thus the program for developing web service for new calculator was successfully executed.

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14 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid by using Web Service for new Calculator
Applications:

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To make a calculator in Windows application using web service


1) What is Web Service?
2) What are the advantages of web services?

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3) What are the different types of web services?
4) What is SOAP?
5) What are the advantages of SOAP web services?
6) What are the disadvantages of SOAP web services?
7) What is WSDL?

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8) What is UDDI?
9) What are RESTful web services?
10) What are the advantages of RESTful web services?
11) What is the difference between SOAP and REST web services?
12) What is SOA service architecture?

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13) What tools are used to deploy web services?
14) What is Web Service architecture?
15) What are the advantages of web services in globus toolkit?
16) What are the different types of web services?
17) What is SOAP web services?

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18) What is UDP and TCP?
19) What is stateless SOA?
20) What is data balancing in WSDL?
Viva-voce

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15 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 02: DEVELOP NEW OGSA-COMPLIANT WEB SERVICE

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Aim:
To develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid Service using .NET language.
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

1. Developed by the Global Grid Forum
2. Aims to define a common, standard, open architecture for Grid Applications.

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3. Defines a set of rules that make up a grid service.
4. Sharing and Coordinated use of diverse resources in Dynamic VO's

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Result:
Thus the program for developing OGSA- Complaint web service was successfully executed.


16 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid

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Service using .NET language
Applications:
? Sharing of information among diverse components of large heterogenous grid systems
? WAN

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1. How would you decide what style of Web Service to use? SOAP WS or REST?
2. Does the service expose data or business logic?
3. Do consumers and the service providers require a formal contract?

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4. Do we need to support multiple data formats?
5. Do we need to make AJAX calls?
6. Is the call synchronous or asynchronous?
7. What level of security is required?
8. What level of transaction support is required?

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9. Do we have limited band width?
10. What tools do you use to test your Web Services?
11. What is the difference between SOA and a Web service?
12. What is a microservice architecture (aka MSA)?
13. What is data integrity?

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14. What is cloud infrastructure?


Viva-voce

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17 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 03: USING APACHE AXIS DEVELOP A GRID SERVICE

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Aim:
To develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Creating the New Level in the Package
2. Edit the Configuration Files
3. Modify the Service Code

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4. Modify the Client
5. Compile and Deploy
6. Starting the Container
7. Compile the Client
8. Run the Client

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18 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:
Addition was successful
Subtraction was successful
Multiplication was successful

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Division was successful
Current value: 20.

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Result:
Thus the program for Grid Service using Apache Axis was successfully executed.

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19 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Applications:
? To create web service in Java
? To work with Globus Tool kit standards web service

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1. What are the different application integration styles?
2. What is Grid Computing?
3. What is QOS?

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4. What are the derivatives of grid computing?
5. What are the features of data grids?
6. What is load balancing?
7. What is grid infrastructure?
8. Define ? Distributed Computing.

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9. Define ? OSGI.
10. Define ? OSGA.
11. What is the use of API?s in cloud services?
12. What is the difference between cloud and grid?
13. What is data communication?

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14. What are the elements of data communication?

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Viva-voce


20 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 04: DEVELOP APPLICATIONS USING JAVA OR C/C++ GRID
APIS
Aim:
To develop an application in Java using Grid APIs

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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1. Import all the necessary java packages and name the file as GridLayoutDemo.java
2. Set up components to preferred size
3. Add buttons to experiment with Grid Layout
4. Add controls to set up horizontal and vertical gaps
5. Process the Apply gaps button press

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6. Create the GUI
7. Create and set up the window,Set up the content pane and Display the Window
8. Schedule a job for the event dispatch thread
9. Show the application's GUI

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21 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:

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Figure 1: Horizontal, Left-to-Right Figure 2: Horizontal, Right-to-Left

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Result:
Thus the program to develop an application in java using Grid APIs was successfully executed.

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22 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Applications:
Used for defining a application programme interface for common distributes computing functionality

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1) Describe the two most important advantages of using Distributed/Grid Computing.
2) What is the main function of DNS?
3) Briefly outline two applications of Public Key systems.
4) Provide one major difference between synchronous and asynchronous communication.

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5) Provide one major difference between ASCII and Unicode encodings.
6) Provide two major differences between sequential computing and parallel computing.
7) Write the any three Grid Applications.
8) Give the examples of Hardware service provider.
9) Give the example of software application ASP.

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10) What are grid portals? Give example.
11) What are the high level services including in existing globus tool kit?
12) Name the components available in Nimrod architecture?
13) What are the major objectives of Euro grid project?
14) What is the application specific work packages identified for the Euro grid?

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15) Define dynamic accounting system.

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Viva-voce


23 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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EX.NO. 05: DEVELOP SECURED APPLICATIONS USING BASIC
SECURITY MECHANISMS AVAILABLE IN GLOBUS TOOLKIT.
Aim:
To develop a secured applications using a basic security mechanisms available in Globus toolkit
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
The Globus Toolkit incorporates multiple security components that establish the identity of users or services

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(authentication), protect communications, and determine who is allowed to perform what actions (authorization), as
well as manage user credentials.
? GSI C: The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and
certificate management.
? MyProxy: MyProxy is open source software for managing X.509 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) security

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credentials (certificates and private keys).
? GSI-OpenSSH: GSI-OpenSSH is a modified version of OpenSSH that adds support for X.509 proxy
certificate authentication and delegation, providing a single sign-on remote login and file transfer service.
The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and certificate
management. The authentication API is built using Public KeyInfrastructure (PKI) technologies, e.g. X.509

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Certificates and TLS. In addition to authentication it features a delegation mechanism based upon X.509 Proxy
Certificates. Authorization support takes the form of a couple of APIs. The first provides a generic authorization API
that allows callouts to perform access control based on the client's credentials (i.e. the X.509 certificate chain). The
second provides a simple access control list that maps authorized remote entities to local (system) user names. The
second mechanism also provides callouts that allow third parties to override the default behavior and is currently

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used in the Gatekeeper and GridFTP servers. In addition to the above there are various lower level APIs and tools
for managing, discovering and querying certificates.
Components for Grid Security
1. Basic Security Mechanisms
2. Components for Credential Generation

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3. Components for Credential Management


24 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Beyond verifying the identities of users and services, basic Grid security mechanisms leave access control decisions
to services. The Grid community has developed authorization and access control tools for storing and providing
access to system-wide authorization information and for creating a central data store for supporting decentralized
control mechanisms.
Basic Security Mechanisms

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? Pre-Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A non-Web services implementation of the Grid
Security Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI
mechanisms
? Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A Web services implementation of the Grid Security
Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI mechanisms

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Result:
Thus the program to develop a security application available in Globus toolkit was successfully executed.
Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a secured applications using a basic security
mechanisms available in Globus toolkit

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25 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Applications:
To provide easy acces to best breed open source network security

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1. What are the collective services available in grid computing?
2. What are the basic principles of autonomous computing?
3. What are the four essential characteristics of on demand business?
4. What are the essential capabilities provided by on demand business?

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5. What are the two most important technologies for building semantic webs?
6. Define Peer to Peer computing?
7. What is the combination of Globus GT3 toolkit?
8. What is a GT3 core?
9. What are the components available in service model?

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10. Define WS-Trust
11. Define WS ?Federation
12. Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
13. Who are the actors in CDC?
14. Mention the scenarios in CDC?

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15. What are the functional requirements of CDC on OGSA?

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Viva-voce


26 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 06: DEVELOP A GRID PORTAL, WHERE USER CAN SUBMIT
A JOB AND GET THE RESULT, IMPLEMENT IT WITH AND WITHOUT
GRAM CONCEPT.
Aim:
To develop a Grid portal and implement it with and without GRAM concept

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
Multiple times that the likely user interface to grid applications will be through portals, specifically Web portals. A grid
portal may be constructed as a Web page interface to provide easy access to grid applications. The Web user
interface provides user authentication, job submission, job monitoring, and results of the job.
Globus Resource Allocation Manager (GRAM)

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When a job is submitted by a client, the request is sent to the remote host and handled by a gatekeeper daemon.
The gatekeeper creates a job manager to start and monitor the job. When the job is finished, the job manager
sends the status information back to the client and terminates.
The GRAM subsystem consists of the following elements:
? The globusrun command and associated APIs Resource Specification Language (RSL)

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? The gatekeeper daemon The job manager Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator (DUROC)
Each of these elements are described briefly below.
The globusrun command
The globusrun command (or its equivalent API) submits a job to a resource within the grid. This command
is typically passed an RSL string (see below) that specifies parameters and other properties required to successfully

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launch and run the job


27 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Resource Specification Language (RSL)
RSL is a language used by clients to specify the job to be run. All job submission requests are described in an RSL
string that includes information such as the executable file; its parameters; information about redirection of stdin,
stdout, and stderr; and so on. Basically it provides a standard way of specifying all of the information required to
execute a job, independent of the target environment. It is then the responsibility of the job manager on the target

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system to parse the information and launch the job in the appropriate way.
The syntax of RSL is very straightforward. Each statement is enclosed within parenthesis. Comments are
designated with parenthesis and asterisks, for example, (* this is a comment *). Supported attributes include the
following:
rsl_substitution: Defines variables

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executable: The script or command to be run
arguments: Information or flags to be passed to the executable
stdin: Specifies the remote URL and local file used for the executable stdout: Specifies the remote file to place
standard output from the job stderr: Specifies the remote file to place standard error from the job queue: Specifies the
queue to submit the job (requires a scheduler) count: Specifies the number of executions

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directory: Specifies the directory to run the job
project: Specifies a project account for the job (requires a scheduler) dryRun: Verifies the RSL string but
does not run the job
maxMemory: Specifies the maximum amount of memory in MBs required for the job
minMemory: Specifies the minimum amount of memory in MBs required for the job

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hostCount: Specifies the number of nodes in a cluster required for the job environment: Specifies environment
variables that are required for the job
jobType: Specifies the type of job single process, multi-process, mpi, or condor
maxTime: Specifies the maximum execution wall or cpu time for one execution
maxWallTime: Specifies the maximum walltime for one execution maxCpuTime: Specifies the maximum

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cpu time for one execution
gramMyjob: Specifies the whether the gram myjob interface starts one process/thread (independent) or more
(collective)

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28 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to develop Grid Portal was successfully executed.

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29 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid portal and implement it with and
without GRAM concept
Application:
? It is useful and necessary for interfaces for the performance of operations on the Grid. The Grid

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Portal Development Kit (GPDK) facilitates the development of Grid portals and provides several key
reusable components for accessing various Grid services.
? A Grid Portal provides a customizable interface allowing scientists to perform a variety of Grid
operations including remote program submission, file staging, and querying of information services
from a single, secure gateway.

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? The Grid Portal Development Kit leverages off existing Globus/Grid middleware infrastructure as
well as commodity web technology including Java Server Pages and servlets .

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1) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?
2) What are the major goals of OGSA?
3) What are the more specific goals of OGSA?
4) What are the main purposes of use case defined by OGSA?
5) Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?

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6) What are the layers available in OGSA architectural organizations?
7) What are the OGSA basic services?
8) What are the two aspects involved in GRAM?
9) What are the two kinds of lifecycle model associated with state data recovery?
10) What is a GT3 core?

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11) What are the major components of default server side framework?
12) What is Grid container?
13) What are the two levels of security available in GT3?
14) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?
15) What are the two different message-level authentication mechanisms provided by GT3 framework?

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16) What are the most common GT3 security handlers?
Viva-voce


30 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO CLOUD COMPUTING

What is cloud computing?
Cloud computing means that instead of all the computer hardware and software you're using sitting on your

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desktop, or somewhere inside your company's network, it's provided for you as a service by another company and
accessed over the Internet, usually in a completely seamless way. Exactly where the hardware and software is
located and how it all works doesn't matter to you, the user?it's just somewhere up in the nebulous "cloud" that the
Internet represents.
Cloud computing is a buzzword that means different things to different people. For some, it's just another way of

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describing IT (information technology) "outsourcing"; others use it to mean any computing service provided over the
Internet or a similar network; and some define it as any bought-in computer service you use that sits outside your
firewall.
Types of cloud computing
IT people talk about three different kinds of cloud computing, where different services are being provided for you.

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Note that there's a certain amount of vagueness about how these things are defined and some overlap between
them.
? Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) means you're buying access to raw computing hardware over the Net,
such as servers or storage. Since you buy what you need and pay-as-you-go, this is often referred to as
utility computing. Ordinary web hosting is a simple example of IaaS: you pay a monthly subscription or a

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per-megabyte/gigabyte fee to have a hosting company serve up files for your website from their servers.
? Software as a Service (SaaS) means you use a complete application running on someone else's system.
Web-based email and Google Documents are perhaps the best-known examples. Zoho is another well-
known SaaS provider offering a variety of office applications online.
? Platform as a Service (PaaS) means you develop applications using Web-based tools so they run on

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systems software and hardware provided by another company. So, for example, you might develop your
own ecommerce website but have the whole thing, including the shopping cart, checkout, and payment
mechanism running on a merchant's server. App Cloud (from salesforce.com) and the Google App Engine
are examples of PaaS.
Advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing

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Advantages
The pros of cloud computing are obvious and compelling. If your business is selling books or repairing shoes,
why get involved in the nitty gritty of buying and maintaining a complex computer system? If you run an insurance
office, do you really want your sales agents wasting time running anti-virus software, upgrading word-processors, or
worrying about hard-drive crashes? Do you really want them cluttering your expensive computers with their personal

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31 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

emails, illegally shared MP3 files, and naughty YouTube videos?when you could leave that responsibility to

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someone else? Cloud computing allows you to buy in only the services you want, when you want them, cutting the
upfront capital costs of computers and peripherals. You avoid equipment going out of date and other familiar IT
problems like ensuring system security and reliability. You can add extra services (or take them away) at a moment's
notice as your business needs change. It's really quick and easy to add new applications or services to your
business without waiting weeks or months for the new computer (and its software) to arrive.

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Drawbacks
Instant convenience comes at a price. Instead of purchasing computers and software, cloud computing means you
buy services, so one-off, upfront capital costs become ongoing operating costs instead. That might work out much
more expensive in the long-term.
If you're using software as a service (for example, writing a report using an online word processor or sending emails

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through webmail), you need a reliable, high-speed, broadband Internet connection functioning the whole time you're
working. That's something we take for granted in countries such as the United States, but it's much more of an issue
in developing countries or rural areas where broadband is unavailable.
An Introduction to Cloud Computing with OpenNebula
An OpenNebula Private Cloud provides infrastructure users with an elastic platform for fast delivery and scalability of

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services to meet dynamic demands of service end-users. Services are hosted in VMs, and then submitted,
monitored and controlled in the Cloud by using Sunstone or any of the OpenNebula interfaces:
? Command Line Interface (CLI)
? XML-RPC API
? OpenNebulaRuby and Java Cloud APIs

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The aim of a Private Cloud is not to expose to the world a cloud interface to sell capacity over the Internet, but to
provide local cloud users and administrators with a flexible and agile private infrastructure to run virtualized service
workloads within the administrative domain. OpenNebula virtual infrastructure interfaces expose user and
administrator functionality for virtualization, networking, image and physical resource configuration, management,
monitoring and accounting.

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32 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


Expt.No.1: FIND PROCEDURE TO RUN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE OF

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DIFFERENT CONFIGURATION. CHECK HOW MANY VIRTUAL
MACHINES CAN BE UTILIZED AT PARTICULAR TIME.

Aim:
To Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be

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utilized at particular time
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:

Creating Virtual Machines
In OpenNebula the Virtual Machines are defined with Template files. The Template Repository system allows
OpenNebula administrators and users to register Virtual Machine definitions in the system, to be instantiated later as

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Virtual Machine instances. These Templates can be instantiated several times, and also shared with other users.
Virtual Machine Model
A Virtual Machine within the OpenNebula system consists of:
? A capacity in terms memory and CPU
? A set of NICs attached to one or more virtual networks

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? A set of disk images
? A state file (optional) or recovery file, that contains the memory image of a running VM plus some hypervisor
specific information.
The above items, plus some additional VM attributes like the OS kernel and context information to be used inside the
VM, are specified in a template file.

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Defining a VM in 3 Steps
Virtual Machines are defined in an OpenNebula Template. Templates are stored in a repository to easily browse and
instantiate VMs from them. To create a new Template you have to define 3 things

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33 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

? Capacity & Name, how big will the VM be?
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
NAME Name that the VM will get for description purposes. Yes one-

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MEMORY Amount of RAM required for the VM, in Megabytes. Yes
CPU CPU ratio (e..g half a physical CPU is 0.5). Yes
VCPU Number of virtual cpus. No 1
Disks. Each disk is defined with a DISK attribute. A VM can use three types of disk:
? Use a persistent Image changes to the disk image will persist after the VM is shutdown.

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? Use a non-persistent Image images are cloned, changes to the image will be lost.
? Volatile disks are created on the fly on the target host. After the VM is shutdown the disk is disposed.

Persistent and Clone Disks
Attribute Description Mandatory Default

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IMAGE_ID and IMAGE The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes
IMAGE_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No self
IMAGE_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No self
Volatile
Attribute Description Mandatory Default

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TYPE
Type of the disk: swap, fs. swap type will set the label to swap so it is
easier to mount and the context packages will automatically mount it.
Yes
SIZE size in MB Yes

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FORMAT
filesystem for fs images: ext2, ext3, etc. raw will not format the image. For
VMs to run on vmfs or vmwareshared configurations, the valid values are:
Yes

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34 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Attribute Description Mandatory Default
vmdk_thin, vmdk_zeroedthick, vmdk_eagerzeroedthick

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Network Interfaces. Each network interface of a VM is defined with the NIC attribute.
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
NETWORK_ID and NETWORK The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes
NETWORK_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No Self

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NETWORK_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No Self

The following example shows a VM Template file with a couple of disks and a network interface, also a VNC section
was added.
NAME = test-vm

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MEMORY = 128
CPU = 1

DISK = [ IMAGE = "Arch Linux" ]
DISK = [ TYPE = swap,

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SIZE = 1024 ]

NIC = [ NETWORK = "Public", NETWORK_UNAME="oneadmin" ]

GRAPHICS = [

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TYPE = "vnc",
LISTEN = "0.0.0.0"]
Simple templates can be also created using the command line instead of creating a template file. The parameters to
do this for onetemplate are:

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Parameter

Description
--namename Name for the VM
--cpucpu CPU percentage reserved for the VM (1=100% one CPU)

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35 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Parameter

Description
--vcpuvcpu Number of virtualized CPUs
--archarch Architecture of the VM, e.g.: i386 or x86_64

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--memorymemory Memory ammount given to the VM
--diskdisk0,disk1 Disks to attach. To use a disk owned by other user use user[disk]
--nicvnet0,vnet1 Networks to attach. To use a network owned by other user use user[network]
--rawstring
Raw string to add to the template. Not to be confused with the RAW attribute. If you want

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to provide more than one element, just include an enter inside quotes, instead of using
more than one -raw option
--vnc Add VNC server to the VM
--ssh[file]
Add an ssh public key to the context. If the file is omited then the user variable

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SSH_PUBLIC_KEY will be used.
--net_context Add network contextualization parameters
--contextline1,line2 * Lines to add to the context section
--bootdevice Select boot device (hd, fd, cdrom or network)
A similar template as the previous example can be created with the following command:

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$ onetemplate create --name test-vm --memory 128 --cpu 1 --disk "Arch Linux" --nic Public
Managing Virtual Machines
Assuming we have a VM Template registered called vm-example with ID 6, then we can instantiate the VM issuing
a:
$ onetemplate list

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ID USER GROUP NAME REGTIME
6 oneadminoneadminvm_example 09/28 06:44:07

$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm

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36 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

VM ID: 0

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If the template has USER INPUTSdefined the CLI will prompt the user for these values:
$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm

There are some parameters that require user input.

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* (BLOG_TITLE) Blog Title:
* (DB_PASSWORD) Database Password:
VM ID: 0
Afterwards, the VM can be listed with the onevmlist command. You can also use the onevmtop command to list VMs
continuously.

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$ onevm list

ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME
0 oneadminoneadminmy_vm pend 0 0K 00 00:00:03
After a Scheduling cycle, the VM will be automatically deployed. But the deployment can also be forced by oneadmin

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using onevmdeploy:
$ onehost list

ID NAME RVM TCPU FCPU ACPU TMEM FMEM AMEM STAT
2 testbed 0 800 800 800 16G 16G16G on

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$ onevm deploy 0 2

$ onevm list

ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME

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0 oneadminoneadminmy_vmrunn 0 0K testbed 00 00:02:40

$ onevm show 0
VIRTUAL MACHINE 0 INFORMATION
ID :0

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NAME : my_vm
USER : oneadmin
GROUP : oneadmin

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37 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

STATE : ACTIVE
LCM_STATE : RUNNING
START TIME : 04/14 09:00:24

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END TIME : -
DEPLOY ID: : one-0
PERMISSIONS
OWNER : um-
GROUP : ---

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OTHER : ---
VIRTUAL MACHINE MONITORING
NET_TX : 13.05
NET_RX : 0
USED MEMORY : 512

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USED CPU : 0
VIRTUAL MACHINE TEMPLATE
VIRTUAL MACHINE HISTORY

SEQ HOSTNAME REASON START TIME PTIME

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0 testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00
testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00

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38 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to run virtual machines on different configuration was successfully executed & its utilization time is

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checked in various machines.


39 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find procedure to run the virtual machine of different
Configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time

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Applications:
? An advantage of virtualizing the workload?s I/O path enables hardware independence by
abstracting vendor specific drivers to more generalized versions that run on the hypervisor.
? It allows the live migration, which is one of virtualization?s greatest availability strengths
? The sharing of aggregate resources, such as network paths

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1. What is cloud computing?
2. What are the benefits of cloud computing?

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3. What are the different data types used in cloud computing?
4. What are the different layers in cloud computing?
5. What do you mean by software as a service?
6. What is on-demand functionality? How is it provided in cloud computing?
7. What are the platforms used for large scale cloud computing?

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8. What are the different models for deployment in cloud computing?
9. What is the difference between cloud computing and mobile computing?
10. What are the open source cloud computing platform databases?
11. What is the difference between cloud and traditional datacenters?
12. Why API's is used in cloud services?

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13. What are the different datacenters in cloud computing?
14. Define API in data virtualization?
15. List of API in cloud?
Viva-voce

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40 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No.02: FIND PROCEDURE TO ATTACH VIRTUAL BLOCK TO
THE VIRTUAL MACHINE AND CHECK WHETHER IT HOLDS THE

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DATA EVEN AFTER THE RELEASE OF THE VIRTUAL MACHINE.
Aim:
To find a procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even after the
release of the virtual machine

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
VirtualBox uses a special kernel module called vboxdrv to perform physical memory allocation and to gain control of
the processor for guest system execution. Without this kernel module, you can still use the VirtualBox manager to
configure virtual machines, but they will not start. In addition, there are the network kernel modules vboxnetflt and

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vboxnetadp which are required for the more advanced networking features of VirtualBox.
The VirtualBox kernel module is automatically installed on your system when you install VirtualBox. To
maintain it with future kernel updates, for those Linux distributions which provide it -- most current ones -- we
recommend installing Dynamic Kernel Module Support (DKMS). This framework helps with building and upgrading
kernel modules.

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If DKMS is not already installed, execute one of the following:
On an Ubuntu system:
sudo apt-get install dkms
If DKMS is available and installed, the VirtualBox kernel module should always work automatically, and it will be
automatically rebuilt if your host kernel is updated.

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Otherwise, there are only two situations in which you will need to worry about the kernel module:
1. The original installation fails. This probably means that your Linux system is not prepared for building
external kernel modules.

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41 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Most Linux distributions can be set up simply by installing the right packages - normally, these will be the
GNU compiler (GCC), GNU Make (make) and packages containing header files for your kernel - and making
sure that all system updates are installed and that the system is running the most up-to-date kernel included

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in the distribution. The version numbers of the header file packages must be the same as that of the kernel
you are using.
? With Debian and Ubuntu releases, you must install the right version of the linux-headers and if it exists
the linux-kbuild package. Current Ubuntu releases should have the right packages installed by default.
? In even older Debian and Ubuntu releases, you must install the right version of the kernel-headers

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package.
? On Fedora and Redhat systems, the package is kernel-devel.
? On SUSE and openSUSE Linux, you must install the right versions of the kernel-source and kernel-syms
packages.
? If you have built your own kernel, you will need to make sure that you also installed all the required

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header and other files for building external modules to the right locations. The details of how to do
this will depend on how you built your kernel, and if you are unsure you should consult the
documentation which you followed to do so.
2. The kernel of your Linux host was updated and DKMS is not installed. In that case, the kernel module will
need to be reinstalled by executing (as root):

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rcvboxdrv setup
Performing the installation
VirtualBox is available in a number of package formats native to various common Linux distributions. In addition,
there is an alternative generic installer (.run) which should work on most Linux distributions.
Installing VirtualBox from a Debian/Ubuntu package

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First, download the appropriate package for your distribution. The following examples assume that you are installing
to a 32-bit Ubuntu Wily system. Use dpkg to install the Debian package:
sudodpkg -i virtualbox-5.0_5.0.20_Ubuntu_wily_i386.deb
The installer will also try to build kernel modules suitable for the current running kernel. If the build process is not
successful you will be shown a warning and the package will be left unconfigured. Please have a look at /var/log/vbox-

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install.log to find out why the compilation failed. You may have to install the appropriate Linux kernel After correcting
any problems, do


42 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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sudorcvboxdrv setup
This will start a second attempt to build the module.
If a suitable kernel module was found in the package or the module was successfully built, the installation script will
attempt to load that module.

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Once VirtualBox has been successfully installed and configured, you can start it by selecting "VirtualBox" in your
start menu or from the command line.
Using the alternative installer (VirtualBox.run)
The alternative installer performs the following steps:
? It unpacks the application files to the target directory,

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/opt/VirtualBox/
which cannot be changed.
? It builds the VirtualBox kernel modules (vboxdrv, vboxnetflt and vboxnetadp) and installs them.
? It creates /sbin/rcvboxdrv, an init script to start the VirtualBox kernel module.
? It creates a new system group called vboxusers.

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? It creates symbolic links in /usr/bin to the a shell script (/opt/VirtualBox/VBox) which does some sanity checks
and dispatches to the actual executables, VirtualBox, VBoxSDL, VBoxVRDP, VBoxHeadless and VBoxManage
? It creates /etc/udev/rules.d/60-vboxdrv.rules, a description file for udev, if that is present, which makes the USB
devices accessible to all users in the vboxusers group.
? It writes the installation directory to /etc/vbox/vbox.cfg.

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The installer must be executed as root with either install or uninstall as the first parameter.
sudo ./VirtualBox.run install
Or if you do not have the "sudo" command available, run the following as root instead:
./VirtualBox.run install

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43 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

After that you need to put every user which should be able to access USB devices from VirtualBox guests in the
group vboxusers, either through the GUI user management tools or by running the following command as root:

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sudousermod -a -G vboxusers username
Performing a manual installation
If, for any reason, you cannot use the shell script installer described previously, you can also perform a manual
installation. Invoke the installer like this:
./VirtualBox.run --keep --noexec

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This will unpack all the files needed for installation in the directory install under the current directory. The VirtualBox
application files are contained in VirtualBox.tar.bz2 which you can unpack to any directory on your system. For
example:
sudomkdir /opt/VirtualBox
sudo tar jxf ./install/VirtualBox.tar.bz2 -C /opt/VirtualBox

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or as root:
mkdir /opt/VirtualBox
tarjxf ./install/VirtualBox.tar.bz2 -C /opt/VirtualBox
The sources for VirtualBox's kernel module are provided in the src directory. To build the module, change to the
directory and issuemake

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If everything builds correctly, issue the following command to install the module to the appropriate module directory:
sudo make install
In case you do not have sudo, switch the user account to root and performmake install
The VirtualBox kernel module needs a device node to operate. The above make command will tell you how to create
the device node, depending on your Linux system. The procedure is slightly different for a classical Linux setup with

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a /dev directory, a system with the now deprecated devfs and a modern Linux system with udev.
Note that the /dev/vboxdrv kernel module device node must be owned by root:root and must be read/writable only for
the user.Next, you will have to install the system initialization script for the kernel module:
cp /opt/VirtualBox/vboxdrv.sh /sbin/rcvboxdrv
mkdir /etc/vbox

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echo INSTALL_DIR=/opt/VirtualBox> /etc/vbox/vbox.cfg


44 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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and, for convenience, create the following symbolic links:
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VirtualBox
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxManage
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxHeadless
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxSDL

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Sample Output:

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Result:
Thus the program to attach virtual block to virtual machine was successfully executed & checked whether it holds the
data after the release of the virtual machine.

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45 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find a procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual
machine and check whether it holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
Application:

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? To support the Cloud Computing with the Virtual Block Store System. The fast development of cloud
computing systems stimulates the needs for a standalone block storage system to provide persistent
block storage services to virtual machines maintained by clouds.

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1. What is Type-1 and Type-2 hypervisor?
2. What is the use of virsh command?
3. Explain how you can transfer volume from one owner to another in Open Stack?
4. Discuss about KVM Features?

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5. What is Virtual block?
6. What is Virtualization?
7. What are virtual clusters?
8. How virtualization happens in data center?
9. List some of the open source grid middleware packages.

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10. What is a programming model?
11. What is Hadoop?
12. What are map and reduce functions?
13. How to run a job in hadoop?
14. What is HDFS?

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15. What are the open source grid middleware packages?
16. What is peer to peer computing?
17. What are node clusters?
18. How virtual migration happens in data center?
Viva-voce

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46 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No.03: INSTALL A C COMPILER IN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE AND

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EXECUTE A SAMPLE PROGRAM.
Aim:
To Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Create a VM and Install any OS on it.
2.Install a C compiler on OS

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3.Open a Editor and type the sample program and Save.
4.Compile and run the Program
Example:
C programming on Linux based Environement

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1. Open Terminal (Applications-Accessories-Terminal)
2. Open gedit by typing ?gedit&? on terminal(You can also use any other Text Editor application)
3. Type the following on gedit
(or any other text editor)
#include

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main()
{
printf("Hello World\n");
}
Save this file as

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?helloworld. C?
5. Type ?ls? on Terminal to see all files under current folder
6. Confirm that ?helloworld.c? is in the current directory.
If not, type cd DIRECTORY_PATH to go to the
directory that has ?helloworld.c?

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7. Type ?gcchelloworld.c? to compile, and type ?ls? to
confirm that a new executable file ?a.out? is created
8. Type ?./a.out? on Terminal to run the program

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47 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to install a C complier is done and the sample program was executed successfully.

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48 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and
execute a sample program
Application:
The application of installing a C compiler in the virtual machine benefits to have a portable executable, for
each platform.

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1. What is the difference between Xen & KVM ?
2. What are different hypervisors available in Linux ?
3. Which command is used to list all virtual machine running on the KVM hypervisor ?
4. What are the different states of a VM in Xen hypervisor ?

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5. How to forcefully shutdown the KVM based virtual machine from the command line ?
6. What is virtual Machine?
7. What is Compiler?
8. What is Directory?
9. List the C Compilers available?

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10. What is virtualization?
11. List out VM operations
12. What are different hypervisors available in windows?
13. How to implement applications on the cloud to install C compiler?
14. What are grid and cloud tools available?

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15. What is hypervisor?
Viva-voce


49 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No.04: SHOW THE VIRTUAL MACHINE MIGRATION BASED ON
THE CERTAIN CONDITION FROM ONE NODE TO THE OTHER.

Aim:

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To Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other

Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos

Procedure:
1.Update source and target virtual machines to latest package versions
To help ensure that platform images between cloud providers are running the same version of key operating system

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packages, update these packages to the latest versions on both source and target virtual machines.
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
2. Install rsync and screen packages on source and target virtual machines
The migration of application packages and files in this process will use rsync over ssh between source and target

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virtual machines. The actual transfer of files between virtual machines can take some time, so I also recommend
using screen so that you can easily re-attach to an in-progress migration session if you are inadvertently
disconnected.
Ensure that rsync and screen packages are installed on both the source and target virtual machines with these
commands:

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sudo apt-get install rsync
sudo apt-get install screen
3. Add a consistent user account to both source and target virtual machines
To facilitate the migration process, ensure that you have a consistent user account configured on both source and
target virtual machines with sudo enabled. The newly provisioned target virtual machines from Task 3 already

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50 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

include a user named azureuser with sudo enabled. To configure this same user on each source virtual machine,

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use the following commands:
sudogroupadd -g 500 azureuser
sudouseradd -u 500 -g 500 -m -s /bin/bash azureuser
sudopasswdazureuser
4. Start a screen session for the migration

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On the source virtual machine, enter a new screen session for the migration by using the following command:
sudo screen -S AzureMigration
If you are disconnected from the source virtual machine during the migration process, you can reconnect to the
detached screen session by using the following command after signing in again to the source virtual machine:
sudo screen -r

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5. Build an exclusion list of directories and files
During the migration, we want to be careful to skip any files that include configuration information relating to the
identity of the source virtual machines, such as IP addresses, hostnames, ssh keys, etc. For the Ubuntu-based
virtual machines that we migrated, we used the following commands on each source virtual machine to build our
list of directories and files to exclude from the migration process:

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EXCLUDEFILE=/tmp/exclude.file
EXCLUDELIST='/boot /etc/fstab /etc/hostname /etc/issue /etc/hosts
/etc/sudoers /etc/networks /etc/network/* /etc/resolv.conf
/etc/ssh/* /etc/sysctl.conf /etc/mtab /etc/udev/rules.d/*
/lock /net /tmp'

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EXCLUDEPATH=$(echo $EXCLUDELIST | sed 's/\ /\\n/g')
echo -e $EXCLUDEPATH > $EXCLUDEFILE
find / -name '*cloud-init*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE
find / -name '*cloud-config*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE
find / -name '*cloud-final*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE

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51 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

The actual list of directories and files that you exclude may vary from this list, based on the Linux distro version,

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packages and applications that you are migrating.
Credits: Kudos to Kevin Carter who wrote a great article a couple years ago that provided a useful starting point for
building a list of directories and files to consider excluding as part of a Linux-to-Linux migration process!
6. Stop applications during migration
To minimize application data changes from occurring during the migration process, stop the related applications and

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daemons on the source virtual machines. The application that we migrated was a web application built using
Apache2, so we simply stopped the related Apache2 daemon.
sudo service stop apache2
7. Migrate the application files and data
From each source virtual machine, migrate application files and data using two rsync passes over ssh. The first

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pass performs the bulk of the data transfer, whereas the second pass uses checksums to confirm that all files were
transferred successfully.
TARGETVM="insert_target_vm_public_ip_address"
rsync -e "ssh" -rlpEAXogDtSzh -P -x ?exclude-from="$EXCLUDEFILE" ?rsync-path="sudorsync" ?
verbose ?progress / azureuser@$TARGETVM:/

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rsync -e "ssh" -crlpEAXogDtSzh -P -x ?exclude-from="$EXCLUDEFILE" ?rsync-path="sudorsync" ?
verbose ?progress / azureuser@$TARGETVM:/
8. Restart each target virtual machine
After both rsync passes have completed, restart each target virtual machine to complete the migration
process.

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sshazureuser@$TARGETVM
shutdown -r now

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Result:
Thus the program to implement migration of virtual machine was executed successfully.

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53 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to Show the virtual machine migration based on the
certain condition from one node to the other
Application:

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? Its easier to migrate a Virtual Machine from one server to another, than migrating the operating
system and application(s) individually.
? Using Virtual Machine Migration, its possible to migrate operating systems and applications from
older servers to newer servers easily and without disrupting the services.

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1. What are the basic requirements of VM live migration in KVM?
2. Which command is used in KVM for VMs live migration?
3. How to get hardware information of KVM guest machine?
4. What is VM migration?
5. Which type of virtualization is also characteristic of cloud computing ?

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6. Which virtualization standard does the WebSphere Application Server Hypervisor Edition use?
7.Which three tools are included in the IBM Rational Jazz Collaborative Application Lifecycle
Management (C/ALM) solution?
8. What are two ways a public cloud helps customers reduce their IT costs?
9.What functionality is provided by the IBM Security Network Intrusion Prevention System Virtual

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Appliance for a cloud environment?
10. What are two important benefits of using cloud computing?
11. What is the value of IBM Security Information and Event Manager in a cloud provider environment?
12. What is the main purpose of an IBM CloudBurst solution?
Viva-voce

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54 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

EX.NO.5: PROCEDURE TO INSTALL STORAGE CONTROLLER AND

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INTERACT WITH IT.
Aim:
Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it

Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:

To install Storage Control, follow these steps.
Ensure that Systems Director 6.3 is installed and running.
Ensure that you are logged in to Systems Director with a user ID that has administrative privileges.

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Windows only: Restart the DB2 Management server.
a) Go to Start >Administrative Tools >Services.
b) Select DB2 Management Service from the services window and restart it.
If you want to download and install Storage Control, go to step 5. If you want to install Storage Control from read-
only media, such as a CD or mounted .iso image, go to step 8.

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From the Systems Director summary page, click the link Try Storage Control in the upper right corner.
A download page opens. Download the appropriate file for your operating system.
7.Extract the files to the directory where you want to install Storage Control, then go to step 9.
8. Copy the Storage Control installer directory from the CD or the mounted .iso image into a temporary directory
close to the system root. For example, /SCInstall for AIX or Linux and C:\SCInstall for Windows.

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9. Access a command window and navigate to the directory where you extracted the files or where you copied
the installer directory. Run the appropriate script. If you do not want the license agreement to display, use the -
ioption when you run the script. For example, StorageControlInstall.sh -i.
Important: If you are not using IBM DB2 managed by Systems Director, then
the DB2 user ID used must have DB2 Administrator privileges.

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On Microsoft Windows systems, run the script StorageControlInstall.bat.


55 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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On Linux and AIX systems, run the script StorageControlInstall.sh.
10. Restart Systems Director as directed.

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Result:
Thus the program to install storage controller was executed successfully.

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56 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find procedure to install storage controller and
interact with it
Application:
A controller offers a level of abstraction between an operating system and the physical drives. A RAID
controller presents groups to applications and operating systems as logical units for which data protection

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schemes can be defined.

1. What is a snapshot?
2. What is Thick Provision Lazy Zeroed?
3. What is Thick Provision Eager Zeroed?

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4. What is Thin Provision?
5. What is VDI?
6. What is storage vMotion?
7. How many virtual CPUs can I use on a Fault Tolerant virtual machine?
8. What is the use of vmware tools?

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9. What happens if vCenter Server is offline when a failover event occurs?
10. What are the monitoring methods used for vSphere HA?
11. What are the roles of a master host in vSphere HA?
12. What is the hardware version used in VMware ESXi 5.5?
13. What is server virtualization?

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14. What is Network Virtualization?
15. What is template?
Viva-Voce

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57 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


EX.NO.6: PROCEDURE TO SET UP ONE HADOOP CLUSTER

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Aim:
To Find a procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
Follow the steps given below to have Hadoop Multi-Node cluster setup.
Installing Java
Java is the main prerequisite for Hadoop. First of all, you should verify the existence of java in your system using

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?java -version?. The syntax of java version command is given below.
$ java-version
If everything works fine it will give you the following output.
java version "1.7.0_71"
Java(TM) SE RuntimeEnvironment(build 1.7.0_71-b13)

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JavaHotSpot(TM)Client VM (build 25.0-b02, mixed mode)
If java is not installed in your system, then follow the given steps for installing java.
1. Download java (JDK - X64.tar.gz) by visiting the following link
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk7-downloads-1880260.html
Then jdk-7u71-linux-x64.tar.gz will be downloaded into your system.

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2. Generally you will find the downloaded java file in Downloads folder. Verify it and extract the jdk-7u71-linux-
x64.gz file using the following commands.
$ cdDownloads/
$ ls
jdk-7u71-Linux-x64.gz

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$ tar zxf jdk-7u71-Linux-x64.gz
$ ls
jdk1.7.0_71 jdk-7u71-Linux-x64.gz

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3. To make java available to all the users, you have to move it to the location ?/usr/local/?. Open the root, and type
the following commands.
$ su

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password:
# mv jdk1.7.0_71 /usr/local/
# exit
4. For setting up PATH and JAVA_HOME variables, add the following commands to ~/.bashrc file.
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.7.0_71

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export PATH=PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
Now verify the java -version command from the terminal as explained above. Follow the above process and install
java in all your cluster nodes.
Creating User Account
Create a system user account on both master and slave systems to use the Hadoop installation.

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# useraddhadoop
# passwdhadoop
Mapping the nodes
You have to edit hosts file in /etc/ folder on all nodes, specify the IP address of each system followed by their host
names.

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# vi /etc/hosts
enter the following lines in the /etc/hosts file.
192.168.1.109hadoop-master
192.168.1.145 hadoop-slave-1
192.168.56.1 hadoop-slave-2

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Configuring Key Based Login
Setup ssh in every node such that they can communicate with one another without any prompt for password.
# suhadoop
$ ssh-keygen-t rsa
$ ssh-copy-id-i~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub tutorialspoint@hadoop-master

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$ ssh-copy-id-i~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop_tp1@hadoop-slave-1
$ ssh-copy-id-i~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop_tp2@hadoop-slave-2
$ chmod0600~/.ssh/authorized_keys
$ exit
Installing Hadoop

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In the Master server, download and install Hadoop using the following commands.
# mkdir /opt/hadoop
# cd /opt/hadoop/
# wget http://apache.mesi.com.ar/hadoop/common/hadoop-1.2.1/hadoop-1.2.0.tar.gz
# tar -xzf hadoop-1.2.0.tar.gz

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# mv hadoop-1.2.0 hadoop


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# chown -R hadoop /opt/hadoop
# cd /opt/hadoop/hadoop/
Configuring Hadoop
You have to configure Hadoop server by making the following changes as given below.
core-site.xml

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Open the core-site.xml file and edit it as shown below.


fs.default.name

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hdfs://hadoop-master:9000/


dfs.permissions
false

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hdfs-site.xml
Open the hdfs-site.xml file and edit it as shown below.

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dfs.data.dir
/opt/hadoop/hadoop/dfs/name/data
true

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dfs.name.dir
/opt/hadoop/hadoop/dfs/name
true

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dfs.replication
1

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mapred-site.xml
Open the mapred-site.xml file and edit it as shown below.

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mapred.job.tracker
hadoop-master:9001


hadoop-env.sh

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Open the hadoop-env.sh file and edit JAVA_HOME, HADOOP_CONF_DIR, and HADOOP_OPTS as shown below.
Note: Set the JAVA_HOME as per your system configuration.
export JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk1.7.0_17 export HADOOP_OPTS=-Djava.net.preferIPv4Stack=trueexport
HADOOP_CONF_DIR=/opt/hadoop/hadoop/conf
Installing Hadoop on Slave Servers

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Install Hadoop on all the slave servers by following the given commands.
# suhadoop
$ cd/opt/hadoop
$ scp-r hadoop hadoop-slave-1:/opt/hadoop
$ scp-r hadoop hadoop-slave-2:/opt/hadoop

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Configuring Hadoop on Master Server
Open the master server and configure it by following the given commands.
# suhadoop
$ cd/opt/hadoop/hadoop
Configuring Master Node

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$ vietc/hadoop/masters
hadoop-master
Configuring Slave Node
$ vietc/hadoop/slaves
hadoop-slave-1

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hadoop-slave-2
Format Name Node on Hadoop Master
# suhadoop
$ cd/opt/hadoop/hadoop
$ bin/hadoopnamenode?format

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11/10/1410:58:07 INFO namenode.NameNode:
STARTUP_MSG:/************************************************************
STARTUP_MSG: Starting NameNode
STARTUP_MSG: host = hadoop-master/192.168.1.109
STARTUP_MSG: args = [-format]

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STARTUP_MSG: version = 1.2.0
STARTUP_MSG: build = https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/hadoop/common/branches/branch-1.2 -r 1479473;
compiled by 'hortonfo' on Mon May 6 06:59:37 UTC 2013

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STARTUP_MSG: java = 1.7.0_71 ************************************************************/11/10/1410:58:08 INFO
util.GSet:Computing capacity for map BlocksMapeditlog=/opt/hadoop/hadoop/dfs/name/current/edits
?.

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?.
?.11/10/1410:58:08 INFO common.Storage:Storage directory
/opt/hadoop/hadoop/dfs/name has been successfully formatted.11/10/1410:58:08 INFO namenode.NameNode:
SHUTDOWN_MSG:/************************************************************ SHUTDOWN_MSG: Shutting down
NameNode at hadoop-master/192.168.1.15 ************************************************************/

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Starting Hadoop Services
The following command is to start all the Hadoop services on the Hadoop-Master.
$ cd $HADOOP_HOME/sbin
$ start-all.sh
Adding a New DataNode in the Hadoop Cluster

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Given below are the steps to be followed for adding new nodes to a Hadoop cluster.
Networking
Add new nodes to an existing Hadoop cluster with some appropriate network configuration. Assume the following
network configuration.
For New node Configuration:

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IP address :192.168.1.103
netmask:255.255.255.0
hostname : slave3.in
Adding User and SSH Access
Add a User

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On a new node, add "hadoop" user and set password of Hadoop user to "hadoop123" or anything you want by using
the following commands.
useraddhadoop
passwdhadoop
Setup Password less connectivity from master to new slave.

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Execute the following on the master
mkdir-p $HOME/.ssh
chmod700 $HOME/.ssh
ssh-keygen-t rsa-P ''-f $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa
cat $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys

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chmod644 $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys
Copy the public key to new slave node inhadoop user $HOME directory
scp $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop@192.168.1.103:/home/hadoop/
Execute the following on the slaves
Login to hadoop. If not, login to hadoop user.

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suhadoopssh-X hadoop@192.168.1.103

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Copy the content of public key into file "$HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys" and then change the permission for the
same by executing the following commands.
cd $HOME
mkdir-p $HOME/.ssh
chmod700 $HOME/.ssh

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cat id_rsa.pub >>$HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys
chmod644 $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys
Check ssh login from the master machine. Now check if you can ssh to the new node without a password from the
master.
ssh hadoop@192.168.1.103or hadoop@slave3

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Set Hostname of New Node
You can set hostname in file /etc/sysconfig/network
Onnew slave3 machine
NETWORKING=yes
HOSTNAME=slave3.in

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To make the changes effective, either restart the machine or run hostname command to a new machine with the
respective hostname (restart is a good option).
On slave3 node machine:
hostname slave3.in
Update /etc/hosts on all machines of the cluster with the following lines:

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192.168.1.102 slave3.in slave3
Now try to ping the machine with hostnames to check whether it is resolving to IP or not.
On new node machine:
ping master.in
Start the DataNode on New Node

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Start the datanode daemon manually using $HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoop-daemon.sh script. It will automatically
contact the master (NameNode) and join the cluster. We should also add the new node to the conf/slaves file in the
master server. The script-based commands will recognize the new node.
Login to new node
suhadooporssh-X hadoop@192.168.1.103

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Start HDFS on a newly added slave node by using the following command
./bin/hadoop-daemon.sh start datanode


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Check the output of jps command on a new node. It looks as follows.
$ jps
7141DataNode
10312Jps

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Removing a DataNode from the Hadoop Cluster
We can remove a node from a cluster on the fly, while it is running, without any data loss. HDFS provides a
decommissioning feature, which ensures that removing a node is performed safely. To use it, follow the steps as
given below:
1. Login to master

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Login to master machine user where Hadoop is installed.
$ suhadoop
2 Change cluster configuration
An exclude file must be configured before starting the cluster. Add a key named dfs.hosts.exclude to our
$HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml file. The value associated with this key provides the full path to a file

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on the NameNode's local file system which contains a list of machines which are not permitted to connect to HDFS.
For example, add these lines to etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml file.

dfs.hosts.exclude
/home/hadoop/hadoop-1.2.1/hdfs_exclude.txt

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DFS exclude

3. Determine hosts to decommission
Each machine to be decommissioned should be added to the file identified by the hdfs_exclude.txt, one domain

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name per line. This will prevent them from connecting to the NameNode. Content of the "/home/hadoop/hadoop-
1.2.1/hdfs_exclude.txt" file is shown below, if you want to remove DataNode2.slave2.in
4. Force configuration reload
Run the command "$HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoopdfsadmin -refreshNodes" without the quotes.
$ $HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoopdfsadmin-refreshNodes

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This will force the NameNode to re-read its configuration, including the newly updated ?excludes? file. It will
decommission the nodes over a period of time, allowing time for each node's blocks to be replicated onto machines
which are scheduled to remain active.On slave2.in, check the jps command output. After some time, you will see the
DataNode process is shutdown automatically.
5. Shutdown nodes

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After the decommission process has been completed, the decommissioned hardware can be safely shut down for
maintenance. Run the report command to dfsadmin to check the status of decommission. The following command
will describe the status of the decommission node and the connected nodes to the cluster.

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$ $HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoopdfsadmin-report
6. Edit excludes file again
Once the machines have been decommissioned, they can be removed from the ?excludes? file. Running

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"$HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoopdfsadmin -refreshNodes" again will read the excludes file back into the
NameNode; allowing the DataNodes to rejoin the cluster after the maintenance has been completed, or additional
capacity is needed in the cluster again, etc.

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Result:

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Thus the program to install storage controller was executed successfully.


65 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find a procedure to set up the one node Hadoop
cluster

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Application:
Many organisations are required to deal with large data sets. To handle the large data sets these organisations
use hadoop cluster. But they need to set up hadoop cluster with different number of nodes several times.

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1) What is Big Data?
2) What are the four characteristics of Big Data?
3) What are real-time industry applications of Hadoop?
4) What all modes Hadoop can be run in?
5) What are the most common Input Formats in Hadoop?

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6) Define DataNode
7) What are the core methods of a Reducer?
8) What is Job Tracker role in Hadoop?
9) What is the use of RecordReader in Hadoop?
10) What companies use Hadoop, any idea?

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11) Why do we need Hadoop?
12) What is the basic difference between traditional RDBMS and Hadoop?

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Viva-Voce


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EX.NO.07: MOUNT THE ONE NODE HADOOP CLUSTER USING FUSE

Aim:
To Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
Interfaces

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Following are the important interfaces:
? Client<-->ResourceManager
By using YarnClient objects.
? ApplicationMaster<-->ResourceManager
By using AMRMClientAsync objects, handling events asynchronously by

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AMRMClientAsync.CallbackHandler
? ApplicationMaster<-->NodeManager
Launch containers. Communicate with NodeManagers by using NMClientAsync objects, handling container
events by NMClientAsync.CallbackHandler
Writing a Simple Yarn Application

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Writing a simple Client
? The first step that a client needs to do is to initialize and start a YarnClient.
? YarnClientyarnClient = YarnClient.createYarnClient();
? yarnClient.init(conf);

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? yarnClient.start();
? Once a client is set up, the client needs to create an application, and get its application id.

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? YarnClientApplication app = yarnClient.createApplication();
? GetNewApplicationResponseappResponse = app.getNewApplicationResponse();
? The response from the YarnClientApplication for a new application also contains information about the
cluster such as the minimum/maximum resource capabilities of the cluster. This is required so that to ensure
that you can correctly set the specifications of the container in which the ApplicationMaster would be

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launched. Please refer to GetNewApplicationResponse for more details.
? The main crux of a client is to setup the ApplicationSubmissionContext which defines all the information
needed by the RM to launch the AM. A client needs to set the following into the context:
? Application info: id, name
? Queue, priority info: Queue to which the application will be submitted, the priority to be assigned for the

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application.
? User: The user submitting the application
? ContainerLaunchContext: The information defining the container in which the AM will be launched and run.
The ContainerLaunchContext, as mentioned previously, defines all the required information needed to run
the application such as the local *Resources (binaries, jars, files etc.), Environment settings (CLASSPATH

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etc.), the Command to be executed and security T*okens (RECT).
The ApplicationReport received from the RM consists of the following:
? General application information: Application id, queue to which the application was submitted, user who
submitted the application and the start time for the application.
? ApplicationMaster details: the host on which the AM is running, the rpc port (if any) on which it is

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listening for requests from clients and a token that the client needs to communicate with the AM.


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? Application tracking information: If the application supports some form of progress tracking, it can set a
tracking url which is available via ApplicationReport?sgetTrackingUrl() method that a client can look at to
monitor progress.
? Application status: The state of the application as seen by the ResourceManager is available via
ApplicationReport#getYarnApplicationState. If the YarnApplicationState is set to FINISHED, the client

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should refer to ApplicationReport#getFinalApplicationStatus to check for the actual success/failure of the
application task itself. In case of failures, ApplicationReport#getDiagnostics may be useful to shed some
more light on the the failure.
? If the ApplicationMaster supports it, a client can directly query the AM itself for progress updates via the
host:rpcport information obtained from the application report. It can also use the tracking url obtained

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from the report if available.
? In certain situations, if the application is taking too long or due to other factors, the client may wish to kill
the application. YarnClient supports the killApplication call that allows a client to send a kill signal to the
AM via the ResourceManager. An ApplicationMaster if so designed may also support an abort call via its
rpc layer that a client may be able to leverage.

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? yarnClient.killApplication(appId);
Writing an ApplicationMaster (AM)
? The AM is the actual owner of the job. It will be launched by the RM and via the client will be provided
all the necessary information and resources about the job that it has been tasked with to oversee and
complete.

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? As the AM is launched within a container that may (likely will) be sharing a physical host with other
containers, given the multi-tenancy nature, amongst other issues, it cannot make any assumptions of
things like pre-configured ports that it can listen on.
? When the AM starts up, several parameters are made available to it via the environment. These
include the ContainerId for the AM container, the application submission time and details about the

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NM (NodeManager) host running the ApplicationMaster. Ref ApplicationConstants for parameter

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names.
? All interactions with the RM require an ApplicationAttemptId (there can be multiple attempts per
application in case of failures). The ApplicationAttemptIdcan be obtained from the AM?s container id.
There are helper APIs to convert the value obtained from the environment into objects.
? In setupContainerAskForRM(), the follow two things need some set up:

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? Resource capability: Currently, YARN supports memory based resource requirements so the request
should define how much memory is needed. The value is defined in MB and has to less than the max
capability of the cluster and an exact multiple of the min capability. Memory resources correspond to
physical memory limits imposed on the task containers. It will also support computation based
resource (vCore), as shown in the code.

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? Priority: When asking for sets of containers, an AM may define different priorities to each set. For
example, the Map-Reduce AM may assign a higher priority to containers needed for the Map tasks
and a lower priority for the Reduce tasks? containers.
? After container allocation requests have been sent by the application manager, contailers will be
launched asynchronously, by the event handler of the AMRMClientAsync client. The handler should

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implement AMRMClientAsync.CallbackHandler interface.
? When there are containers allocated, the handler sets up a thread that runs the code to launch
containers. Here we use the name LaunchContainerRunnable to demonstrate. We will talk about the
LaunchContainerRunnable class in the following part of this article.
? heNMClientAsync object, together with its event handler, handles container events. Including

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container start, stop, status update, and occurs an error.
? After the ApplicationMaster determines the work is done, it needs to unregister itself through the AM-
RM client, and then stops the client.

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Result:

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Thus the procedure to mount the one node hadoop cluster using FUSE was executed successfully.


71 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact
with it

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Application:
The hadoop-hdfs-fuse package enables you to use your HDFS cluster as if it were a traditional
filesystem on Linux. It is assumed that you have a working HDFS cluster and know the hostname
and port that your NameNode exposes.

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1) 1. What is Apache Hadoop?
2) Why do we need Hadoop?
3) What are the core components of Hadoop?

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4) What are the Features of Hadoop?
5) Compare Hadoop and RDBMS?
6) What are the limitations of Hadoop?
7) Explain Data Locality in Hadoop?
8) What is a ?Distributed Cache? in Apache Hadoop?

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9) How is security achieved in Hadoop?
10) What does jps command do in Hadoop?
11) Is it possible to provide multiple input to Hadoop? If yes then how?
12) Is it possible to have hadoop job output in multiple directories? If yes, how?

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Viva-Voce

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72 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

EX.NO.08: WRITE A PROGRAM TO USE THE API?S OF HADOOP TO
INTERACT WITH IT

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Aim:
To Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
Hadoop MapReduce is a software framework for easily writing applications which process vast amounts of data
(multi-terabyte data-sets) in-parallel on large clusters (thousands of nodes) of commodity hardware in a reliable,
fault-tolerant manner.

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A MapReducejob usually splits the input data-set into independent chunks which are processed by the map tasks in
a completely parallel manner. The framework sorts the outputs of the maps, which are then input to the reduce
tasks. Typically both the input and the output of the job are stored in a file-system. The framework takes care of
scheduling tasks, monitoring them and re-executes the failed tasks.
Typically the compute nodes and the storage nodes are the same, that is, the MapReduce framework and the

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Hadoop Distributed File System are running on the same set of nodes. This configuration allows the framework to
effectively schedule tasks on the nodes where data is already present, resulting in very high aggregate bandwidth
across the cluster.
The MapReduce framework consists of a single master ResourceManager, one slave NodeManager per cluster-
node, and MRAppMaster per application.

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Minimally, applications specify the input/output locations and supply map and reduce functions via implementations
of appropriate interfaces and/or abstract-classes. These, and other job parameters, comprise the job configuration.


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The Hadoop job client then submits the job (jar/executable etc.) and configuration to the ResourceManager which
then assumes the responsibility of distributing the software/configuration to the slaves, scheduling tasks and
monitoring them, providing status and diagnostic information to the job-client.
Inputs and Outputs

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The MapReduce framework operates exclusively on pairs, that is, the framework views the input to the
job as a set of pairs and produces a set of pairs as the output of the job, conceivably of
different types.
The key and value classes have to be serializable by the framework and hence need to implement the Writable
interface. Additionally, the key classes have to implement the Writable Comparable interface to facilitate sorting by

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the framework.
Input and Output types of a MapReduce job:
(input) ->map-> ->combine-> ->reduce-> (output)
Assuming environment variables are set as follows:
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/default

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export PATH=${JAVA_HOME}/bin:${PATH}
export HADOOP_CLASSPATH=${JAVA_HOME}/lib/tools.jar
Compile WordCount.java and create a jar:
$ bin/hadoopcom.sun.tools.javac.Main WordCount.java
$ jar cf wc.jar WordCount*.class

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Assuming that:
? /user/joe/wordcount/input - input directory in HDFS
? /user/joe/wordcount/output - output directory in HDFS
?
Sample text-files as input:

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$ bin/hadoop fs -ls /user/joe/wordcount/input/ /user/joe/wordcount/input/file01 /user/joe/wordcount/input/file02

$ bin/hadoop fs -cat /user/joe/wordcount/input/file01
Hello World Bye World

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$ bin/hadoop fs -cat /user/joe/wordcount/input/file02
Hello Hadoop Goodbye Hadoop
Run the application:

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74 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

$ bin/hadoop jar wc.jar WordCount /user/joe/wordcount/input /user/joe/wordcount/output

Sample Output:

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$ bin/hadoop fs -cat /user/joe/wordcount/output/part-r-00000`
Bye 1
Goodbye 1
Hadoop 2
Hello 2

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World 2`

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Result:
Thus the program using hadoop APIs was executed successfully

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75 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to write a wordcount program to demonstrate the
use of Map and Reduce tasks
Application:
In Hadoop, MapReduce is a computation that decomposes large manipulation jobs into individual

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tasks that can be executed in parallel cross a cluster of servers. The results of tasks can be joined
together to compute final results.


1.What is a Combiner?

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2.Explain about YARN?
3.What is Hadoop MapReduce?
4. What is MapReduce framework ?
5.How many types of special znodes are present in Zookeeper ?
6.What are the primary phases of reducer?

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7.What is HDFS?
8.Which utility is used for checking the health of a HDFS file system?
9.The difference between standalone and pseudo-distributed mode ?
10.What is the default input format?
11.What is HBASE?

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12.What are the operations available in HDFS files?
13.How to restart the namenodes?
14.What if a Namenode has no data?
Viva-Voce
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice

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0 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

College o f Engineering

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?



DEPARTMENT OF

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COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
VII SEMESTER - R 2013

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Name : ______________________________________
Reg. No. : ______________________________________
Section : ______________________________________

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LABORATORY MANUAL


1 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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DHANALAKSHMI


is committed to provide highly disciplined, conscientious and enterprising
professionals conforming to global standards through value based quality education and training.

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? To provide competent technical manpower capable of meeting requirements of the industry
? To contribute to the promotion of Academic Excellence in pursuit of Technical Education at different levels
? To train the students to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidder but to never put a price tag on heart and

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soul

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

To strive for acquiring, applying and imparting knowledge in Computer Science and Engineering through quality

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education and to provide enthusiastic professionals with commitment


? To produce highly competent and globally employable engineers in the field of Computer Science and
Engineering

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? To inculcate human values among the student community and make them realize their commitment to the society
? To exhibit excellence in pursuit of research and innovative products with a zeal to serve the society


VISION

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VISION
MISSION
MISSION

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2 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)
1. Fundamentals
To provide students with a solid foundation in Mathematics, Science and fundamentals of engineering, enabling

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them to apply, to find solutions for engineering problems and use this knowledge to acquire higher education
2. Core Competence
To train the students in Computer science and engineering technologies so that they apply their knowledge and
training to compare, and to analyze various engineering industrial problems to find solutions
3. Breadth

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To provide relevant training and experience to bridge the gap between theory and practice this enables them to
find solutions for the real time problems in industry, and to design products
4. Professionalism
To inculcate professional and effective communication skills, leadership qualities and team spirit in the students
to make them multi-faceted personalities and develop their ability to relate engineering issues to broader social

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context
5. Lifelong Learning/Ethics
To demonstrate and practice ethical and professional responsibilities in the industry and society in the large,
through commitment and lifelong learning needed for successful professional career

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4

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PROGRAMME OUTCOMES (POs)
a) To demonstrate and apply knowledge of Mathematics, Science and engineering fundamentals in
Electronics and Communication Engineering field
b) To design a component, a system or a process to meet the specific needs within the realistic constraints
such as economics, environment, ethics, health, safety and manufacturability

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c) To demonstrate the competency to use software tools for computation, simulation and testing of electronics and
communication engineering circuits
d) To identify, formulate and solve electronic and communication engineering problems
e) To demonstrate an ability to visualize and work on laboratory and multidisciplinary tasks
f) To function as a member or a leader in multidisciplinary activities

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g) To communicate in verbal and written form with fellow engineers and society at large
h) To understand the impact of Electronics and Communication Engineering in the society and demonstrate awareness
of contemporary issues and commitment to give solutions exhibiting social responsibility
i) To demonstrate professional & ethical responsibilities
j) To exhibit confidence in self-education and ability for lifelong learning

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k) To participate and succeed in competitive exams

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5 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY

SYLLABUS

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Learn the working of ARM processor
Understand the Building Blocks of Embedded Systems
Learn the concept of memory map and memory interface
Know the characteristics of Real Time Systems
Write programs to interface memory, I/Os with processor

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Study the interrupt performance
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
GRID COMPUTING LAB
Use Globus Toolkit or equivalent and do the following:
1. Develop a new Web Service for Calculator.

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2. Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service.
3. Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service.
4. Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs
5. Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus Toolkit.
6. Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it with and without

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GRAM concept.

CLOUD COMPUTING LAB
Use Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent to set up the cloud and demonstrate.
1. Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines

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COURSE OBJECTIVES


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can be utilized at particular time.
2. Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even
after the release of the virtual machine.
3. Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program.
4. Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other.

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5. Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it.
6. Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster.
7. Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE.
8. Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it.
9. Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits.

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid.
? Design and Implement applications on the Cloud.
? Design network objects by applying the networking concepts.
? Create virtualization concept.
? Design web based applications.

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? Apply cloud tools for resource allocation.
? Apply grid tools for network translation.
? Design private cloud using open stack.
COURSE OUTCOMES

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7


CS6712 ? GRID AND CLOUD COMPUTING LABORATORY
CONTENTS

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Sl. No. Name of the Experiment Page No.
CYCLE 1 ? EXPERIMENTS ( GRID COMPUTING)
1
Develop a new Web Service for Calculator 7
2

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Develop new OGSA-compliant Web Service 16
3
Using Apache Axis develop a Grid Service 19
4
Develop applications using Java or C/C++ Grid APIs 22

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5
Develop secured applications using basic security mechanisms available in Globus
Toolkit
25
6

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Develop a Grid portal, where user can submit a job and get the result. Implement it
with and without GRAM concept
27
CYCLE 2 ? EXPERIMENTS (CLOUD COMPUTING)
1

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Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how
many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time
34
2
Find procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it

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holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
36
3 Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program 39
4
Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to

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the other
42
5 Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it 45
6 Find procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster 47
7 Mount the one node Hadoop cluster using FUSE

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ADDITIONAL EXPERIMENTS
1 Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it 52
2 Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks 55

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8 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO GRID COMPUTING


GRID TECHNOLOGY

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? Flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and
resource
? Grid architecture
? Defined using services and protocols
? Using the ?sand hourglass? model similar to the TCP/IP protocol stack

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"A computational grid is a hardware and software infrastructure that provides dependable, consistent, pervasive and
inexpensive access to high-end computational capabilities."
Grid computing makes it possible to dynamically share and coordinate dispersed, heterogeneous computing
resources. Flexibility and ubiquity are essential characteristics of Web services technologies such as WSDL (Web

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Services Description Language), SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), and UDDI (Universal Description,
Discovery, and Integration).
The Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) combines technologies to unlock and exploit grid-attached resources.
OGSA defines mechanisms to create, manage, and exchange information between Grid Services, a special type of
Web service. The architecture uses WSDL extensively to describe the structure and behavior of a service. Service

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descriptions are located and discovered using Web Services Inspection Language (WSIL). By combining elements
from grid computing and Web services technologies, OGSA establishes an extensible and interoperable design and
development framework for Grid Services that includes details for service definition, discovery, and life-cycle
management.

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9 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


GLOBUS TOOLKIT

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The Globus Toolkit provides software tools to make it easier to build computational grids and grid-based
applications. The Globus Toolkit is both an open architecture and open source toolkit.

? The Globus Toolkit is a product of the Globus Alliance (http://www.globus.org)

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? It is middleware for developing grids
? The current release is 6.0.
? Four key protocols and APIs
? Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI)
? Grid Resource Allocation & Mgmt (GRAM)

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? Grid Resource Information Protocol (GRIP) and Index Information Protocol (GIIP)
? Grid File Transfer Protocol (GridFTP)
? Implementations on many platforms
? Resources, security systems, data models,
? Various collective layer protocols & tools

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? Info services, replica management, etc.
? A basis for many Grid-enabled tools & apps
FTP, SSH, Condor, SRB, MPI, EDG, GridPort,
GLOBUS TOOLKIT? COMPONENTS
? Security

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? GSI ? Grid Security Infrastructure
? Resource Management
? GRAM ? Grid Resource Allocation Manager
o globusrun
o RSL

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o gatekeeper
o job manager
o DUROC ? Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator
? Information Services
? MDS ? Monitoring and Discovery Service

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10 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

o GRIS ? Grid Resource Information Service

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o GIIS ? Grid Index Information Service
o MDS Client
? Data Management
o GridFTP, GASS
The Globus Toolkit latest version 6.0 includes:

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GSI: security
GridFTP: file transfer
GRAM: job execution/resource management
MyProxy: credential repository/certificate authority
GSI-OpenSSH: GSI secure single sign-on remote shell

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11 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

GLOBUS TOOLKIT INSTALLATION PROCEDURE

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Step1: For installing Globus Toolkit nothing more easy than download the latest package:
http://toolkit.globus.org/ftppub/gt6/installers/repo/globus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
sudodpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Step2: Update the repositories: sudo apt-get update
Step3: To install Debian or Ubuntu package, download the globus-toolkit-repo package

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from the link above and install it with the command:
root@sysa63:/home/#dpkg -iglobus-toolkit-repo_latest_all.deb
Do the following for Debian-based systems:
root@sysa63:/home/#apt-get install globus-data-management-client

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12 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 01: DEVELOP A NEW WEB SERVICE FOR CALCULATOR

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Aim:
Develop a Web Service for new Calculator
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Our first web service is an extremely simple Math Web Service, which we'll refer to asMathService. It will
2. allow users to perform the following operations:
a. Addition

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b. Subtraction
3. Furthermore, MathService will have the following resource properties (RPs for short):
a. Value (integer)
b. Last operation performed (string)
4. We will also add a "Get Value" operation to access the Value RP. Once a new resource is created, the

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"value" RP is initialized to zero, and the "last operation" RP is initialized to "NONE". The parameter is
added/subtracted to the "value" RP, and the "last operation" RP is changed to "ADDITION" or
"SUBTRACTION" accordingly. Also, the addition and subtraction operations don't return anything.
5. Writing and deploying a WSRF Web Service is easier than you might think. You just have to follow five
simple steps.

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6. Define the service's interface. This is done with WSDL
7. Implement the service. This is done with Java.
8. Define the deployment parameters. This is done with WSDD and JNDI
9. Compile everything and generate a GAR file. This is done with Ant
10. Deploy service. This is also done with a GT4 tool

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Sample Code:

_instance"
xmlns ="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/"

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xmlns:tns="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/examples/core/MathService_instance"
xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsrp="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-
ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.xsd" xmlns:wsrpw="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrf/2004/06/wsrf-WS-

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13 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

ResourceProperties-1.2-draft-01.wsdl"
xmlns:wsdlpp="http://www.globus.org/namespaces/2004/10/WSDLPreprocessor"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">

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Result:
Thus the program for developing web service for new calculator was successfully executed.

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14 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid by using Web Service for new Calculator
Applications:

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To make a calculator in Windows application using web service


1) What is Web Service?
2) What are the advantages of web services?

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3) What are the different types of web services?
4) What is SOAP?
5) What are the advantages of SOAP web services?
6) What are the disadvantages of SOAP web services?
7) What is WSDL?

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8) What is UDDI?
9) What are RESTful web services?
10) What are the advantages of RESTful web services?
11) What is the difference between SOAP and REST web services?
12) What is SOA service architecture?

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13) What tools are used to deploy web services?
14) What is Web Service architecture?
15) What are the advantages of web services in globus toolkit?
16) What are the different types of web services?
17) What is SOAP web services?

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18) What is UDP and TCP?
19) What is stateless SOA?
20) What is data balancing in WSDL?
Viva-voce

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15 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 02: DEVELOP NEW OGSA-COMPLIANT WEB SERVICE

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Aim:
To develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid Service using .NET language.
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

1. Developed by the Global Grid Forum
2. Aims to define a common, standard, open architecture for Grid Applications.

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3. Defines a set of rules that make up a grid service.
4. Sharing and Coordinated use of diverse resources in Dynamic VO's

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Result:
Thus the program for developing OGSA- Complaint web service was successfully executed.


16 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a new OGSA-Compliant Web service in Grid

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Service using .NET language
Applications:
? Sharing of information among diverse components of large heterogenous grid systems
? WAN

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1. How would you decide what style of Web Service to use? SOAP WS or REST?
2. Does the service expose data or business logic?
3. Do consumers and the service providers require a formal contract?

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4. Do we need to support multiple data formats?
5. Do we need to make AJAX calls?
6. Is the call synchronous or asynchronous?
7. What level of security is required?
8. What level of transaction support is required?

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9. Do we have limited band width?
10. What tools do you use to test your Web Services?
11. What is the difference between SOA and a Web service?
12. What is a microservice architecture (aka MSA)?
13. What is data integrity?

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14. What is cloud infrastructure?


Viva-voce

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17 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No. 03: USING APACHE AXIS DEVELOP A GRID SERVICE

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Aim:
To develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Creating the New Level in the Package
2. Edit the Configuration Files
3. Modify the Service Code

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4. Modify the Client
5. Compile and Deploy
6. Starting the Container
7. Compile the Client
8. Run the Client

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18 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:
Addition was successful
Subtraction was successful
Multiplication was successful

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Division was successful
Current value: 20.

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Result:
Thus the program for Grid Service using Apache Axis was successfully executed.

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19 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid service using Apache Axis
Applications:
? To create web service in Java
? To work with Globus Tool kit standards web service

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1. What are the different application integration styles?
2. What is Grid Computing?
3. What is QOS?

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4. What are the derivatives of grid computing?
5. What are the features of data grids?
6. What is load balancing?
7. What is grid infrastructure?
8. Define ? Distributed Computing.

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9. Define ? OSGI.
10. Define ? OSGA.
11. What is the use of API?s in cloud services?
12. What is the difference between cloud and grid?
13. What is data communication?

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14. What are the elements of data communication?

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Viva-voce


20 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 04: DEVELOP APPLICATIONS USING JAVA OR C/C++ GRID
APIS
Aim:
To develop an application in Java using Grid APIs

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:

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1. Import all the necessary java packages and name the file as GridLayoutDemo.java
2. Set up components to preferred size
3. Add buttons to experiment with Grid Layout
4. Add controls to set up horizontal and vertical gaps
5. Process the Apply gaps button press

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6. Create the GUI
7. Create and set up the window,Set up the content pane and Display the Window
8. Schedule a job for the event dispatch thread
9. Show the application's GUI

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21 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Sample Output:

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Figure 1: Horizontal, Left-to-Right Figure 2: Horizontal, Right-to-Left

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Result:
Thus the program to develop an application in java using Grid APIs was successfully executed.

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22 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop an application in Java using Grid APIs
Applications:
Used for defining a application programme interface for common distributes computing functionality

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1) Describe the two most important advantages of using Distributed/Grid Computing.
2) What is the main function of DNS?
3) Briefly outline two applications of Public Key systems.
4) Provide one major difference between synchronous and asynchronous communication.

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5) Provide one major difference between ASCII and Unicode encodings.
6) Provide two major differences between sequential computing and parallel computing.
7) Write the any three Grid Applications.
8) Give the examples of Hardware service provider.
9) Give the example of software application ASP.

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10) What are grid portals? Give example.
11) What are the high level services including in existing globus tool kit?
12) Name the components available in Nimrod architecture?
13) What are the major objectives of Euro grid project?
14) What is the application specific work packages identified for the Euro grid?

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15) Define dynamic accounting system.

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Viva-voce


23 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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EX.NO. 05: DEVELOP SECURED APPLICATIONS USING BASIC
SECURITY MECHANISMS AVAILABLE IN GLOBUS TOOLKIT.
Aim:
To develop a secured applications using a basic security mechanisms available in Globus toolkit
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
The Globus Toolkit incorporates multiple security components that establish the identity of users or services

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(authentication), protect communications, and determine who is allowed to perform what actions (authorization), as
well as manage user credentials.
? GSI C: The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and
certificate management.
? MyProxy: MyProxy is open source software for managing X.509 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) security

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credentials (certificates and private keys).
? GSI-OpenSSH: GSI-OpenSSH is a modified version of OpenSSH that adds support for X.509 proxy
certificate authentication and delegation, providing a single sign-on remote login and file transfer service.
The Globus Toolkit GSI C component provides APIs and tools for authentication, authorization and certificate
management. The authentication API is built using Public KeyInfrastructure (PKI) technologies, e.g. X.509

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Certificates and TLS. In addition to authentication it features a delegation mechanism based upon X.509 Proxy
Certificates. Authorization support takes the form of a couple of APIs. The first provides a generic authorization API
that allows callouts to perform access control based on the client's credentials (i.e. the X.509 certificate chain). The
second provides a simple access control list that maps authorized remote entities to local (system) user names. The
second mechanism also provides callouts that allow third parties to override the default behavior and is currently

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used in the Gatekeeper and GridFTP servers. In addition to the above there are various lower level APIs and tools
for managing, discovering and querying certificates.
Components for Grid Security
1. Basic Security Mechanisms
2. Components for Credential Generation

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3. Components for Credential Management


24 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Beyond verifying the identities of users and services, basic Grid security mechanisms leave access control decisions
to services. The Grid community has developed authorization and access control tools for storing and providing
access to system-wide authorization information and for creating a central data store for supporting decentralized
control mechanisms.
Basic Security Mechanisms

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? Pre-Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A non-Web services implementation of the Grid
Security Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI
mechanisms
? Web Services Authentication and Authorization - A Web services implementation of the Grid Security
Infrastructure (GSI), containing the core libraries and tools needed to secure applications using GSI mechanisms

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Result:
Thus the program to develop a security application available in Globus toolkit was successfully executed.
Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a secured applications using a basic security
mechanisms available in Globus toolkit

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25 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Applications:
To provide easy acces to best breed open source network security

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1. What are the collective services available in grid computing?
2. What are the basic principles of autonomous computing?
3. What are the four essential characteristics of on demand business?
4. What are the essential capabilities provided by on demand business?

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5. What are the two most important technologies for building semantic webs?
6. Define Peer to Peer computing?
7. What is the combination of Globus GT3 toolkit?
8. What is a GT3 core?
9. What are the components available in service model?

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10. Define WS-Trust
11. Define WS ?Federation
12. Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?
13. Who are the actors in CDC?
14. Mention the scenarios in CDC?

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15. What are the functional requirements of CDC on OGSA?

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Viva-voce


26 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No. 06: DEVELOP A GRID PORTAL, WHERE USER CAN SUBMIT
A JOB AND GET THE RESULT, IMPLEMENT IT WITH AND WITHOUT
GRAM CONCEPT.
Aim:
To develop a Grid portal and implement it with and without GRAM concept

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
Multiple times that the likely user interface to grid applications will be through portals, specifically Web portals. A grid
portal may be constructed as a Web page interface to provide easy access to grid applications. The Web user
interface provides user authentication, job submission, job monitoring, and results of the job.
Globus Resource Allocation Manager (GRAM)

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When a job is submitted by a client, the request is sent to the remote host and handled by a gatekeeper daemon.
The gatekeeper creates a job manager to start and monitor the job. When the job is finished, the job manager
sends the status information back to the client and terminates.
The GRAM subsystem consists of the following elements:
? The globusrun command and associated APIs Resource Specification Language (RSL)

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? The gatekeeper daemon The job manager Dynamically-Updated Request Online Coallocator (DUROC)
Each of these elements are described briefly below.
The globusrun command
The globusrun command (or its equivalent API) submits a job to a resource within the grid. This command
is typically passed an RSL string (see below) that specifies parameters and other properties required to successfully

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launch and run the job


27 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Resource Specification Language (RSL)
RSL is a language used by clients to specify the job to be run. All job submission requests are described in an RSL
string that includes information such as the executable file; its parameters; information about redirection of stdin,
stdout, and stderr; and so on. Basically it provides a standard way of specifying all of the information required to
execute a job, independent of the target environment. It is then the responsibility of the job manager on the target

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system to parse the information and launch the job in the appropriate way.
The syntax of RSL is very straightforward. Each statement is enclosed within parenthesis. Comments are
designated with parenthesis and asterisks, for example, (* this is a comment *). Supported attributes include the
following:
rsl_substitution: Defines variables

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executable: The script or command to be run
arguments: Information or flags to be passed to the executable
stdin: Specifies the remote URL and local file used for the executable stdout: Specifies the remote file to place
standard output from the job stderr: Specifies the remote file to place standard error from the job queue: Specifies the
queue to submit the job (requires a scheduler) count: Specifies the number of executions

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directory: Specifies the directory to run the job
project: Specifies a project account for the job (requires a scheduler) dryRun: Verifies the RSL string but
does not run the job
maxMemory: Specifies the maximum amount of memory in MBs required for the job
minMemory: Specifies the minimum amount of memory in MBs required for the job

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hostCount: Specifies the number of nodes in a cluster required for the job environment: Specifies environment
variables that are required for the job
jobType: Specifies the type of job single process, multi-process, mpi, or condor
maxTime: Specifies the maximum execution wall or cpu time for one execution
maxWallTime: Specifies the maximum walltime for one execution maxCpuTime: Specifies the maximum

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cpu time for one execution
gramMyjob: Specifies the whether the gram myjob interface starts one process/thread (independent) or more
(collective)

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Result:
Thus the program to develop Grid Portal was successfully executed.

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29 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Grid to develop a Grid portal and implement it with and
without GRAM concept
Application:
? It is useful and necessary for interfaces for the performance of operations on the Grid. The Grid

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Portal Development Kit (GPDK) facilitates the development of Grid portals and provides several key
reusable components for accessing various Grid services.
? A Grid Portal provides a customizable interface allowing scientists to perform a variety of Grid
operations including remote program submission, file staging, and querying of information services
from a single, secure gateway.

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? The Grid Portal Development Kit leverages off existing Globus/Grid middleware infrastructure as
well as commodity web technology including Java Server Pages and servlets .

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1) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?
2) What are the major goals of OGSA?
3) What are the more specific goals of OGSA?
4) What are the main purposes of use case defined by OGSA?
5) Name some representational use cases from OGSA architecture working group?

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6) What are the layers available in OGSA architectural organizations?
7) What are the OGSA basic services?
8) What are the two aspects involved in GRAM?
9) What are the two kinds of lifecycle model associated with state data recovery?
10) What is a GT3 core?

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11) What are the major components of default server side framework?
12) What is Grid container?
13) What are the two levels of security available in GT3?
14) What are the expression evaluators supported in GT3?
15) What are the two different message-level authentication mechanisms provided by GT3 framework?

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16) What are the most common GT3 security handlers?
Viva-voce


30 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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INTRODUCTION TO CLOUD COMPUTING

What is cloud computing?
Cloud computing means that instead of all the computer hardware and software you're using sitting on your

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desktop, or somewhere inside your company's network, it's provided for you as a service by another company and
accessed over the Internet, usually in a completely seamless way. Exactly where the hardware and software is
located and how it all works doesn't matter to you, the user?it's just somewhere up in the nebulous "cloud" that the
Internet represents.
Cloud computing is a buzzword that means different things to different people. For some, it's just another way of

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describing IT (information technology) "outsourcing"; others use it to mean any computing service provided over the
Internet or a similar network; and some define it as any bought-in computer service you use that sits outside your
firewall.
Types of cloud computing
IT people talk about three different kinds of cloud computing, where different services are being provided for you.

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Note that there's a certain amount of vagueness about how these things are defined and some overlap between
them.
? Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) means you're buying access to raw computing hardware over the Net,
such as servers or storage. Since you buy what you need and pay-as-you-go, this is often referred to as
utility computing. Ordinary web hosting is a simple example of IaaS: you pay a monthly subscription or a

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per-megabyte/gigabyte fee to have a hosting company serve up files for your website from their servers.
? Software as a Service (SaaS) means you use a complete application running on someone else's system.
Web-based email and Google Documents are perhaps the best-known examples. Zoho is another well-
known SaaS provider offering a variety of office applications online.
? Platform as a Service (PaaS) means you develop applications using Web-based tools so they run on

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systems software and hardware provided by another company. So, for example, you might develop your
own ecommerce website but have the whole thing, including the shopping cart, checkout, and payment
mechanism running on a merchant's server. App Cloud (from salesforce.com) and the Google App Engine
are examples of PaaS.
Advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing

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Advantages
The pros of cloud computing are obvious and compelling. If your business is selling books or repairing shoes,
why get involved in the nitty gritty of buying and maintaining a complex computer system? If you run an insurance
office, do you really want your sales agents wasting time running anti-virus software, upgrading word-processors, or
worrying about hard-drive crashes? Do you really want them cluttering your expensive computers with their personal

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emails, illegally shared MP3 files, and naughty YouTube videos?when you could leave that responsibility to

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someone else? Cloud computing allows you to buy in only the services you want, when you want them, cutting the
upfront capital costs of computers and peripherals. You avoid equipment going out of date and other familiar IT
problems like ensuring system security and reliability. You can add extra services (or take them away) at a moment's
notice as your business needs change. It's really quick and easy to add new applications or services to your
business without waiting weeks or months for the new computer (and its software) to arrive.

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Drawbacks
Instant convenience comes at a price. Instead of purchasing computers and software, cloud computing means you
buy services, so one-off, upfront capital costs become ongoing operating costs instead. That might work out much
more expensive in the long-term.
If you're using software as a service (for example, writing a report using an online word processor or sending emails

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through webmail), you need a reliable, high-speed, broadband Internet connection functioning the whole time you're
working. That's something we take for granted in countries such as the United States, but it's much more of an issue
in developing countries or rural areas where broadband is unavailable.
An Introduction to Cloud Computing with OpenNebula
An OpenNebula Private Cloud provides infrastructure users with an elastic platform for fast delivery and scalability of

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services to meet dynamic demands of service end-users. Services are hosted in VMs, and then submitted,
monitored and controlled in the Cloud by using Sunstone or any of the OpenNebula interfaces:
? Command Line Interface (CLI)
? XML-RPC API
? OpenNebulaRuby and Java Cloud APIs

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The aim of a Private Cloud is not to expose to the world a cloud interface to sell capacity over the Internet, but to
provide local cloud users and administrators with a flexible and agile private infrastructure to run virtualized service
workloads within the administrative domain. OpenNebula virtual infrastructure interfaces expose user and
administrator functionality for virtualization, networking, image and physical resource configuration, management,
monitoring and accounting.

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Expt.No.1: FIND PROCEDURE TO RUN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE OF

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DIFFERENT CONFIGURATION. CHECK HOW MANY VIRTUAL
MACHINES CAN BE UTILIZED AT PARTICULAR TIME.

Aim:
To Find procedure to run the virtual machine of different configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be

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utilized at particular time
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:

Creating Virtual Machines
In OpenNebula the Virtual Machines are defined with Template files. The Template Repository system allows
OpenNebula administrators and users to register Virtual Machine definitions in the system, to be instantiated later as

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Virtual Machine instances. These Templates can be instantiated several times, and also shared with other users.
Virtual Machine Model
A Virtual Machine within the OpenNebula system consists of:
? A capacity in terms memory and CPU
? A set of NICs attached to one or more virtual networks

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? A set of disk images
? A state file (optional) or recovery file, that contains the memory image of a running VM plus some hypervisor
specific information.
The above items, plus some additional VM attributes like the OS kernel and context information to be used inside the
VM, are specified in a template file.

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Defining a VM in 3 Steps
Virtual Machines are defined in an OpenNebula Template. Templates are stored in a repository to easily browse and
instantiate VMs from them. To create a new Template you have to define 3 things

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33 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

? Capacity & Name, how big will the VM be?
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
NAME Name that the VM will get for description purposes. Yes one-

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MEMORY Amount of RAM required for the VM, in Megabytes. Yes
CPU CPU ratio (e..g half a physical CPU is 0.5). Yes
VCPU Number of virtual cpus. No 1
Disks. Each disk is defined with a DISK attribute. A VM can use three types of disk:
? Use a persistent Image changes to the disk image will persist after the VM is shutdown.

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? Use a non-persistent Image images are cloned, changes to the image will be lost.
? Volatile disks are created on the fly on the target host. After the VM is shutdown the disk is disposed.

Persistent and Clone Disks
Attribute Description Mandatory Default

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IMAGE_ID and IMAGE The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes
IMAGE_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No self
IMAGE_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No self
Volatile
Attribute Description Mandatory Default

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TYPE
Type of the disk: swap, fs. swap type will set the label to swap so it is
easier to mount and the context packages will automatically mount it.
Yes
SIZE size in MB Yes

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FORMAT
filesystem for fs images: ext2, ext3, etc. raw will not format the image. For
VMs to run on vmfs or vmwareshared configurations, the valid values are:
Yes

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34 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Attribute Description Mandatory Default
vmdk_thin, vmdk_zeroedthick, vmdk_eagerzeroedthick

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Network Interfaces. Each network interface of a VM is defined with the NIC attribute.
Attribute Description Mandatory Default
NETWORK_ID and NETWORK The ID or Name of the image in the datastore Yes
NETWORK_UID Select the IMAGE of a given user by her ID No Self

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NETWORK_UNAME Select the IMAGE of a given user by her NAME No Self

The following example shows a VM Template file with a couple of disks and a network interface, also a VNC section
was added.
NAME = test-vm

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MEMORY = 128
CPU = 1

DISK = [ IMAGE = "Arch Linux" ]
DISK = [ TYPE = swap,

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SIZE = 1024 ]

NIC = [ NETWORK = "Public", NETWORK_UNAME="oneadmin" ]

GRAPHICS = [

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TYPE = "vnc",
LISTEN = "0.0.0.0"]
Simple templates can be also created using the command line instead of creating a template file. The parameters to
do this for onetemplate are:

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Parameter

Description
--namename Name for the VM
--cpucpu CPU percentage reserved for the VM (1=100% one CPU)

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35 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Parameter

Description
--vcpuvcpu Number of virtualized CPUs
--archarch Architecture of the VM, e.g.: i386 or x86_64

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--memorymemory Memory ammount given to the VM
--diskdisk0,disk1 Disks to attach. To use a disk owned by other user use user[disk]
--nicvnet0,vnet1 Networks to attach. To use a network owned by other user use user[network]
--rawstring
Raw string to add to the template. Not to be confused with the RAW attribute. If you want

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to provide more than one element, just include an enter inside quotes, instead of using
more than one -raw option
--vnc Add VNC server to the VM
--ssh[file]
Add an ssh public key to the context. If the file is omited then the user variable

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SSH_PUBLIC_KEY will be used.
--net_context Add network contextualization parameters
--contextline1,line2 * Lines to add to the context section
--bootdevice Select boot device (hd, fd, cdrom or network)
A similar template as the previous example can be created with the following command:

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$ onetemplate create --name test-vm --memory 128 --cpu 1 --disk "Arch Linux" --nic Public
Managing Virtual Machines
Assuming we have a VM Template registered called vm-example with ID 6, then we can instantiate the VM issuing
a:
$ onetemplate list

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ID USER GROUP NAME REGTIME
6 oneadminoneadminvm_example 09/28 06:44:07

$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm

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36 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

VM ID: 0

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If the template has USER INPUTSdefined the CLI will prompt the user for these values:
$ onetemplate instantiate vm-example --name my_vm

There are some parameters that require user input.

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* (BLOG_TITLE) Blog Title:
* (DB_PASSWORD) Database Password:
VM ID: 0
Afterwards, the VM can be listed with the onevmlist command. You can also use the onevmtop command to list VMs
continuously.

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$ onevm list

ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME
0 oneadminoneadminmy_vm pend 0 0K 00 00:00:03
After a Scheduling cycle, the VM will be automatically deployed. But the deployment can also be forced by oneadmin

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using onevmdeploy:
$ onehost list

ID NAME RVM TCPU FCPU ACPU TMEM FMEM AMEM STAT
2 testbed 0 800 800 800 16G 16G16G on

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$ onevm deploy 0 2

$ onevm list

ID USER GROUP NAME STAT CPU MEM HOSTNAME TIME

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0 oneadminoneadminmy_vmrunn 0 0K testbed 00 00:02:40

$ onevm show 0
VIRTUAL MACHINE 0 INFORMATION
ID :0

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NAME : my_vm
USER : oneadmin
GROUP : oneadmin

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37 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

STATE : ACTIVE
LCM_STATE : RUNNING
START TIME : 04/14 09:00:24

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END TIME : -
DEPLOY ID: : one-0
PERMISSIONS
OWNER : um-
GROUP : ---

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OTHER : ---
VIRTUAL MACHINE MONITORING
NET_TX : 13.05
NET_RX : 0
USED MEMORY : 512

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USED CPU : 0
VIRTUAL MACHINE TEMPLATE
VIRTUAL MACHINE HISTORY

SEQ HOSTNAME REASON START TIME PTIME

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0 testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00
testbednone 09/28 06:48:18 00 00:07:23 00 00:00:00

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38 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to run virtual machines on different configuration was successfully executed & its utilization time is

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checked in various machines.


39 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find procedure to run the virtual machine of different
Configuration. Check how many virtual machines can be utilized at particular time

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Applications:
? An advantage of virtualizing the workload?s I/O path enables hardware independence by
abstracting vendor specific drivers to more generalized versions that run on the hypervisor.
? It allows the live migration, which is one of virtualization?s greatest availability strengths
? The sharing of aggregate resources, such as network paths

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1. What is cloud computing?
2. What are the benefits of cloud computing?

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3. What are the different data types used in cloud computing?
4. What are the different layers in cloud computing?
5. What do you mean by software as a service?
6. What is on-demand functionality? How is it provided in cloud computing?
7. What are the platforms used for large scale cloud computing?

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8. What are the different models for deployment in cloud computing?
9. What is the difference between cloud computing and mobile computing?
10. What are the open source cloud computing platform databases?
11. What is the difference between cloud and traditional datacenters?
12. Why API's is used in cloud services?

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13. What are the different datacenters in cloud computing?
14. Define API in data virtualization?
15. List of API in cloud?
Viva-voce

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40 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No.02: FIND PROCEDURE TO ATTACH VIRTUAL BLOCK TO
THE VIRTUAL MACHINE AND CHECK WHETHER IT HOLDS THE

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DATA EVEN AFTER THE RELEASE OF THE VIRTUAL MACHINE.
Aim:
To find a procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual machine and check whether it holds the data even after the
release of the virtual machine

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Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:
VirtualBox uses a special kernel module called vboxdrv to perform physical memory allocation and to gain control of
the processor for guest system execution. Without this kernel module, you can still use the VirtualBox manager to
configure virtual machines, but they will not start. In addition, there are the network kernel modules vboxnetflt and

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vboxnetadp which are required for the more advanced networking features of VirtualBox.
The VirtualBox kernel module is automatically installed on your system when you install VirtualBox. To
maintain it with future kernel updates, for those Linux distributions which provide it -- most current ones -- we
recommend installing Dynamic Kernel Module Support (DKMS). This framework helps with building and upgrading
kernel modules.

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If DKMS is not already installed, execute one of the following:
On an Ubuntu system:
sudo apt-get install dkms
If DKMS is available and installed, the VirtualBox kernel module should always work automatically, and it will be
automatically rebuilt if your host kernel is updated.

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Otherwise, there are only two situations in which you will need to worry about the kernel module:
1. The original installation fails. This probably means that your Linux system is not prepared for building
external kernel modules.

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41 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Most Linux distributions can be set up simply by installing the right packages - normally, these will be the
GNU compiler (GCC), GNU Make (make) and packages containing header files for your kernel - and making
sure that all system updates are installed and that the system is running the most up-to-date kernel included

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in the distribution. The version numbers of the header file packages must be the same as that of the kernel
you are using.
? With Debian and Ubuntu releases, you must install the right version of the linux-headers and if it exists
the linux-kbuild package. Current Ubuntu releases should have the right packages installed by default.
? In even older Debian and Ubuntu releases, you must install the right version of the kernel-headers

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package.
? On Fedora and Redhat systems, the package is kernel-devel.
? On SUSE and openSUSE Linux, you must install the right versions of the kernel-source and kernel-syms
packages.
? If you have built your own kernel, you will need to make sure that you also installed all the required

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header and other files for building external modules to the right locations. The details of how to do
this will depend on how you built your kernel, and if you are unsure you should consult the
documentation which you followed to do so.
2. The kernel of your Linux host was updated and DKMS is not installed. In that case, the kernel module will
need to be reinstalled by executing (as root):

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rcvboxdrv setup
Performing the installation
VirtualBox is available in a number of package formats native to various common Linux distributions. In addition,
there is an alternative generic installer (.run) which should work on most Linux distributions.
Installing VirtualBox from a Debian/Ubuntu package

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First, download the appropriate package for your distribution. The following examples assume that you are installing
to a 32-bit Ubuntu Wily system. Use dpkg to install the Debian package:
sudodpkg -i virtualbox-5.0_5.0.20_Ubuntu_wily_i386.deb
The installer will also try to build kernel modules suitable for the current running kernel. If the build process is not
successful you will be shown a warning and the package will be left unconfigured. Please have a look at /var/log/vbox-

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install.log to find out why the compilation failed. You may have to install the appropriate Linux kernel After correcting
any problems, do


42 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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sudorcvboxdrv setup
This will start a second attempt to build the module.
If a suitable kernel module was found in the package or the module was successfully built, the installation script will
attempt to load that module.

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Once VirtualBox has been successfully installed and configured, you can start it by selecting "VirtualBox" in your
start menu or from the command line.
Using the alternative installer (VirtualBox.run)
The alternative installer performs the following steps:
? It unpacks the application files to the target directory,

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/opt/VirtualBox/
which cannot be changed.
? It builds the VirtualBox kernel modules (vboxdrv, vboxnetflt and vboxnetadp) and installs them.
? It creates /sbin/rcvboxdrv, an init script to start the VirtualBox kernel module.
? It creates a new system group called vboxusers.

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? It creates symbolic links in /usr/bin to the a shell script (/opt/VirtualBox/VBox) which does some sanity checks
and dispatches to the actual executables, VirtualBox, VBoxSDL, VBoxVRDP, VBoxHeadless and VBoxManage
? It creates /etc/udev/rules.d/60-vboxdrv.rules, a description file for udev, if that is present, which makes the USB
devices accessible to all users in the vboxusers group.
? It writes the installation directory to /etc/vbox/vbox.cfg.

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The installer must be executed as root with either install or uninstall as the first parameter.
sudo ./VirtualBox.run install
Or if you do not have the "sudo" command available, run the following as root instead:
./VirtualBox.run install

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43 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

After that you need to put every user which should be able to access USB devices from VirtualBox guests in the
group vboxusers, either through the GUI user management tools or by running the following command as root:

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sudousermod -a -G vboxusers username
Performing a manual installation
If, for any reason, you cannot use the shell script installer described previously, you can also perform a manual
installation. Invoke the installer like this:
./VirtualBox.run --keep --noexec

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This will unpack all the files needed for installation in the directory install under the current directory. The VirtualBox
application files are contained in VirtualBox.tar.bz2 which you can unpack to any directory on your system. For
example:
sudomkdir /opt/VirtualBox
sudo tar jxf ./install/VirtualBox.tar.bz2 -C /opt/VirtualBox

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or as root:
mkdir /opt/VirtualBox
tarjxf ./install/VirtualBox.tar.bz2 -C /opt/VirtualBox
The sources for VirtualBox's kernel module are provided in the src directory. To build the module, change to the
directory and issuemake

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If everything builds correctly, issue the following command to install the module to the appropriate module directory:
sudo make install
In case you do not have sudo, switch the user account to root and performmake install
The VirtualBox kernel module needs a device node to operate. The above make command will tell you how to create
the device node, depending on your Linux system. The procedure is slightly different for a classical Linux setup with

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a /dev directory, a system with the now deprecated devfs and a modern Linux system with udev.
Note that the /dev/vboxdrv kernel module device node must be owned by root:root and must be read/writable only for
the user.Next, you will have to install the system initialization script for the kernel module:
cp /opt/VirtualBox/vboxdrv.sh /sbin/rcvboxdrv
mkdir /etc/vbox

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echo INSTALL_DIR=/opt/VirtualBox> /etc/vbox/vbox.cfg


44 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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and, for convenience, create the following symbolic links:
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VirtualBox
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxManage
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxHeadless
ln -sf /opt/VirtualBox/VBox.sh /usr/bin/VBoxSDL

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Sample Output:

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Result:
Thus the program to attach virtual block to virtual machine was successfully executed & checked whether it holds the
data after the release of the virtual machine.

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45 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find a procedure to attach virtual block to the virtual
machine and check whether it holds the data even after the release of the virtual machine
Application:

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? To support the Cloud Computing with the Virtual Block Store System. The fast development of cloud
computing systems stimulates the needs for a standalone block storage system to provide persistent
block storage services to virtual machines maintained by clouds.

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1. What is Type-1 and Type-2 hypervisor?
2. What is the use of virsh command?
3. Explain how you can transfer volume from one owner to another in Open Stack?
4. Discuss about KVM Features?

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5. What is Virtual block?
6. What is Virtualization?
7. What are virtual clusters?
8. How virtualization happens in data center?
9. List some of the open source grid middleware packages.

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10. What is a programming model?
11. What is Hadoop?
12. What are map and reduce functions?
13. How to run a job in hadoop?
14. What is HDFS?

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15. What are the open source grid middleware packages?
16. What is peer to peer computing?
17. What are node clusters?
18. How virtual migration happens in data center?
Viva-voce

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46 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Expt.No.03: INSTALL A C COMPILER IN THE VIRTUAL MACHINE AND

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EXECUTE A SAMPLE PROGRAM.
Aim:
To Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and execute a sample program
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

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Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
1. Create a VM and Install any OS on it.
2.Install a C compiler on OS

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3.Open a Editor and type the sample program and Save.
4.Compile and run the Program
Example:
C programming on Linux based Environement

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1. Open Terminal (Applications-Accessories-Terminal)
2. Open gedit by typing ?gedit&? on terminal(You can also use any other Text Editor application)
3. Type the following on gedit
(or any other text editor)
#include

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main()
{
printf("Hello World\n");
}
Save this file as

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?helloworld. C?
5. Type ?ls? on Terminal to see all files under current folder
6. Confirm that ?helloworld.c? is in the current directory.
If not, type cd DIRECTORY_PATH to go to the
directory that has ?helloworld.c?

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7. Type ?gcchelloworld.c? to compile, and type ?ls? to
confirm that a new executable file ?a.out? is created
8. Type ?./a.out? on Terminal to run the program

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47 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:
Thus the program to install a C complier is done and the sample program was executed successfully.

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48 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to Install a C compiler in the virtual machine and
execute a sample program
Application:
The application of installing a C compiler in the virtual machine benefits to have a portable executable, for
each platform.

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1. What is the difference between Xen & KVM ?
2. What are different hypervisors available in Linux ?
3. Which command is used to list all virtual machine running on the KVM hypervisor ?
4. What are the different states of a VM in Xen hypervisor ?

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5. How to forcefully shutdown the KVM based virtual machine from the command line ?
6. What is virtual Machine?
7. What is Compiler?
8. What is Directory?
9. List the C Compilers available?

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10. What is virtualization?
11. List out VM operations
12. What are different hypervisors available in windows?
13. How to implement applications on the cloud to install C compiler?
14. What are grid and cloud tools available?

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15. What is hypervisor?
Viva-voce


49 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Expt.No.04: SHOW THE VIRTUAL MACHINE MIGRATION BASED ON
THE CERTAIN CONDITION FROM ONE NODE TO THE OTHER.

Aim:

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To Show the virtual machine migration based on the certain condition from one node to the other

Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos

Procedure:
1.Update source and target virtual machines to latest package versions
To help ensure that platform images between cloud providers are running the same version of key operating system

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packages, update these packages to the latest versions on both source and target virtual machines.
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
2. Install rsync and screen packages on source and target virtual machines
The migration of application packages and files in this process will use rsync over ssh between source and target

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virtual machines. The actual transfer of files between virtual machines can take some time, so I also recommend
using screen so that you can easily re-attach to an in-progress migration session if you are inadvertently
disconnected.
Ensure that rsync and screen packages are installed on both the source and target virtual machines with these
commands:

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sudo apt-get install rsync
sudo apt-get install screen
3. Add a consistent user account to both source and target virtual machines
To facilitate the migration process, ensure that you have a consistent user account configured on both source and
target virtual machines with sudo enabled. The newly provisioned target virtual machines from Task 3 already

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50 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

include a user named azureuser with sudo enabled. To configure this same user on each source virtual machine,

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use the following commands:
sudogroupadd -g 500 azureuser
sudouseradd -u 500 -g 500 -m -s /bin/bash azureuser
sudopasswdazureuser
4. Start a screen session for the migration

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On the source virtual machine, enter a new screen session for the migration by using the following command:
sudo screen -S AzureMigration
If you are disconnected from the source virtual machine during the migration process, you can reconnect to the
detached screen session by using the following command after signing in again to the source virtual machine:
sudo screen -r

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5. Build an exclusion list of directories and files
During the migration, we want to be careful to skip any files that include configuration information relating to the
identity of the source virtual machines, such as IP addresses, hostnames, ssh keys, etc. For the Ubuntu-based
virtual machines that we migrated, we used the following commands on each source virtual machine to build our
list of directories and files to exclude from the migration process:

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EXCLUDEFILE=/tmp/exclude.file
EXCLUDELIST='/boot /etc/fstab /etc/hostname /etc/issue /etc/hosts
/etc/sudoers /etc/networks /etc/network/* /etc/resolv.conf
/etc/ssh/* /etc/sysctl.conf /etc/mtab /etc/udev/rules.d/*
/lock /net /tmp'

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EXCLUDEPATH=$(echo $EXCLUDELIST | sed 's/\ /\\n/g')
echo -e $EXCLUDEPATH > $EXCLUDEFILE
find / -name '*cloud-init*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE
find / -name '*cloud-config*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE
find / -name '*cloud-final*' >> $EXCLUDEFILE

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51 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

The actual list of directories and files that you exclude may vary from this list, based on the Linux distro version,

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packages and applications that you are migrating.
Credits: Kudos to Kevin Carter who wrote a great article a couple years ago that provided a useful starting point for
building a list of directories and files to consider excluding as part of a Linux-to-Linux migration process!
6. Stop applications during migration
To minimize application data changes from occurring during the migration process, stop the related applications and

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daemons on the source virtual machines. The application that we migrated was a web application built using
Apache2, so we simply stopped the related Apache2 daemon.
sudo service stop apache2
7. Migrate the application files and data
From each source virtual machine, migrate application files and data using two rsync passes over ssh. The first

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pass performs the bulk of the data transfer, whereas the second pass uses checksums to confirm that all files were
transferred successfully.
TARGETVM="insert_target_vm_public_ip_address"
rsync -e "ssh" -rlpEAXogDtSzh -P -x ?exclude-from="$EXCLUDEFILE" ?rsync-path="sudorsync" ?
verbose ?progress / azureuser@$TARGETVM:/

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rsync -e "ssh" -crlpEAXogDtSzh -P -x ?exclude-from="$EXCLUDEFILE" ?rsync-path="sudorsync" ?
verbose ?progress / azureuser@$TARGETVM:/
8. Restart each target virtual machine
After both rsync passes have completed, restart each target virtual machine to complete the migration
process.

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sshazureuser@$TARGETVM
shutdown -r now

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Result:
Thus the program to implement migration of virtual machine was executed successfully.

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53 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:

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At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to Show the virtual machine migration based on the
certain condition from one node to the other
Application:

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? Its easier to migrate a Virtual Machine from one server to another, than migrating the operating
system and application(s) individually.
? Using Virtual Machine Migration, its possible to migrate operating systems and applications from
older servers to newer servers easily and without disrupting the services.

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1. What are the basic requirements of VM live migration in KVM?
2. Which command is used in KVM for VMs live migration?
3. How to get hardware information of KVM guest machine?
4. What is VM migration?
5. Which type of virtualization is also characteristic of cloud computing ?

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6. Which virtualization standard does the WebSphere Application Server Hypervisor Edition use?
7.Which three tools are included in the IBM Rational Jazz Collaborative Application Lifecycle
Management (C/ALM) solution?
8. What are two ways a public cloud helps customers reduce their IT costs?
9.What functionality is provided by the IBM Security Network Intrusion Prevention System Virtual

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Appliance for a cloud environment?
10. What are two important benefits of using cloud computing?
11. What is the value of IBM Security Information and Event Manager in a cloud provider environment?
12. What is the main purpose of an IBM CloudBurst solution?
Viva-voce

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54 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

EX.NO.5: PROCEDURE TO INSTALL STORAGE CONTROLLER AND

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INTERACT WITH IT.
Aim:
Find procedure to install storage controller and interact with it

Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent

Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos

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Procedure:

To install Storage Control, follow these steps.
Ensure that Systems Director 6.3 is installed and running.
Ensure that you are logged in to Systems Director with a user ID that has administrative privileges.

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Windows only: Restart the DB2 Management server.
a) Go to Start >Administrative Tools >Services.
b) Select DB2 Management Service from the services window and restart it.
If you want to download and install Storage Control, go to step 5. If you want to install Storage Control from read-
only media, such as a CD or mounted .iso image, go to step 8.

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From the Systems Director summary page, click the link Try Storage Control in the upper right corner.
A download page opens. Download the appropriate file for your operating system.
7.Extract the files to the directory where you want to install Storage Control, then go to step 9.
8. Copy the Storage Control installer directory from the CD or the mounted .iso image into a temporary directory
close to the system root. For example, /SCInstall for AIX or Linux and C:\SCInstall for Windows.

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9. Access a command window and navigate to the directory where you extracted the files or where you copied
the installer directory. Run the appropriate script. If you do not want the license agreement to display, use the -
ioption when you run the script. For example, StorageControlInstall.sh -i.
Important: If you are not using IBM DB2 managed by Systems Director, then
the DB2 user ID used must have DB2 Administrator privileges.

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On Microsoft Windows systems, run the script StorageControlInstall.bat.


55 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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On Linux and AIX systems, run the script StorageControlInstall.sh.
10. Restart Systems Director as directed.

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Result:
Thus the program to install storage controller was executed successfully.

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56 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits

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? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find procedure to install storage controller and
interact with it
Application:
A controller offers a level of abstraction between an operating system and the physical drives. A RAID
controller presents groups to applications and operating systems as logical units for which data protection

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schemes can be defined.

1. What is a snapshot?
2. What is Thick Provision Lazy Zeroed?
3. What is Thick Provision Eager Zeroed?

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4. What is Thin Provision?
5. What is VDI?
6. What is storage vMotion?
7. How many virtual CPUs can I use on a Fault Tolerant virtual machine?
8. What is the use of vmware tools?

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9. What happens if vCenter Server is offline when a failover event occurs?
10. What are the monitoring methods used for vSphere HA?
11. What are the roles of a master host in vSphere HA?
12. What is the hardware version used in VMware ESXi 5.5?
13. What is server virtualization?

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14. What is Network Virtualization?
15. What is template?
Viva-Voce

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57 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00


EX.NO.6: PROCEDURE TO SET UP ONE HADOOP CLUSTER

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Aim:
To Find a procedure to set up the one node Hadoop cluster
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
Follow the steps given below to have Hadoop Multi-Node cluster setup.
Installing Java
Java is the main prerequisite for Hadoop. First of all, you should verify the existence of java in your system using

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?java -version?. The syntax of java version command is given below.
$ java-version
If everything works fine it will give you the following output.
java version "1.7.0_71"
Java(TM) SE RuntimeEnvironment(build 1.7.0_71-b13)

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JavaHotSpot(TM)Client VM (build 25.0-b02, mixed mode)
If java is not installed in your system, then follow the given steps for installing java.
1. Download java (JDK - X64.tar.gz) by visiting the following link
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk7-downloads-1880260.html
Then jdk-7u71-linux-x64.tar.gz will be downloaded into your system.

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2. Generally you will find the downloaded java file in Downloads folder. Verify it and extract the jdk-7u71-linux-
x64.gz file using the following commands.
$ cdDownloads/
$ ls
jdk-7u71-Linux-x64.gz

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$ tar zxf jdk-7u71-Linux-x64.gz
$ ls
jdk1.7.0_71 jdk-7u71-Linux-x64.gz

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3. To make java available to all the users, you have to move it to the location ?/usr/local/?. Open the root, and type
the following commands.
$ su

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password:
# mv jdk1.7.0_71 /usr/local/
# exit
4. For setting up PATH and JAVA_HOME variables, add the following commands to ~/.bashrc file.
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.7.0_71

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export PATH=PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
Now verify the java -version command from the terminal as explained above. Follow the above process and install
java in all your cluster nodes.
Creating User Account
Create a system user account on both master and slave systems to use the Hadoop installation.

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# useraddhadoop
# passwdhadoop
Mapping the nodes
You have to edit hosts file in /etc/ folder on all nodes, specify the IP address of each system followed by their host
names.

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# vi /etc/hosts
enter the following lines in the /etc/hosts file.
192.168.1.109hadoop-master
192.168.1.145 hadoop-slave-1
192.168.56.1 hadoop-slave-2

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Configuring Key Based Login
Setup ssh in every node such that they can communicate with one another without any prompt for password.
# suhadoop
$ ssh-keygen-t rsa
$ ssh-copy-id-i~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub tutorialspoint@hadoop-master

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$ ssh-copy-id-i~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop_tp1@hadoop-slave-1
$ ssh-copy-id-i~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop_tp2@hadoop-slave-2
$ chmod0600~/.ssh/authorized_keys
$ exit
Installing Hadoop

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In the Master server, download and install Hadoop using the following commands.
# mkdir /opt/hadoop
# cd /opt/hadoop/
# wget http://apache.mesi.com.ar/hadoop/common/hadoop-1.2.1/hadoop-1.2.0.tar.gz
# tar -xzf hadoop-1.2.0.tar.gz

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# mv hadoop-1.2.0 hadoop


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# chown -R hadoop /opt/hadoop
# cd /opt/hadoop/hadoop/
Configuring Hadoop
You have to configure Hadoop server by making the following changes as given below.
core-site.xml

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Open the core-site.xml file and edit it as shown below.


fs.default.name

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hdfs://hadoop-master:9000/


dfs.permissions
false

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hdfs-site.xml
Open the hdfs-site.xml file and edit it as shown below.

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dfs.data.dir
/opt/hadoop/hadoop/dfs/name/data
true

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dfs.name.dir
/opt/hadoop/hadoop/dfs/name
true

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dfs.replication
1

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mapred-site.xml
Open the mapred-site.xml file and edit it as shown below.

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mapred.job.tracker
hadoop-master:9001


hadoop-env.sh

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Open the hadoop-env.sh file and edit JAVA_HOME, HADOOP_CONF_DIR, and HADOOP_OPTS as shown below.
Note: Set the JAVA_HOME as per your system configuration.
export JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk1.7.0_17 export HADOOP_OPTS=-Djava.net.preferIPv4Stack=trueexport
HADOOP_CONF_DIR=/opt/hadoop/hadoop/conf
Installing Hadoop on Slave Servers

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Install Hadoop on all the slave servers by following the given commands.
# suhadoop
$ cd/opt/hadoop
$ scp-r hadoop hadoop-slave-1:/opt/hadoop
$ scp-r hadoop hadoop-slave-2:/opt/hadoop

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Configuring Hadoop on Master Server
Open the master server and configure it by following the given commands.
# suhadoop
$ cd/opt/hadoop/hadoop
Configuring Master Node

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$ vietc/hadoop/masters
hadoop-master
Configuring Slave Node
$ vietc/hadoop/slaves
hadoop-slave-1

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hadoop-slave-2
Format Name Node on Hadoop Master
# suhadoop
$ cd/opt/hadoop/hadoop
$ bin/hadoopnamenode?format

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11/10/1410:58:07 INFO namenode.NameNode:
STARTUP_MSG:/************************************************************
STARTUP_MSG: Starting NameNode
STARTUP_MSG: host = hadoop-master/192.168.1.109
STARTUP_MSG: args = [-format]

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STARTUP_MSG: version = 1.2.0
STARTUP_MSG: build = https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/hadoop/common/branches/branch-1.2 -r 1479473;
compiled by 'hortonfo' on Mon May 6 06:59:37 UTC 2013

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STARTUP_MSG: java = 1.7.0_71 ************************************************************/11/10/1410:58:08 INFO
util.GSet:Computing capacity for map BlocksMapeditlog=/opt/hadoop/hadoop/dfs/name/current/edits
?.

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?.
?.11/10/1410:58:08 INFO common.Storage:Storage directory
/opt/hadoop/hadoop/dfs/name has been successfully formatted.11/10/1410:58:08 INFO namenode.NameNode:
SHUTDOWN_MSG:/************************************************************ SHUTDOWN_MSG: Shutting down
NameNode at hadoop-master/192.168.1.15 ************************************************************/

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Starting Hadoop Services
The following command is to start all the Hadoop services on the Hadoop-Master.
$ cd $HADOOP_HOME/sbin
$ start-all.sh
Adding a New DataNode in the Hadoop Cluster

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Given below are the steps to be followed for adding new nodes to a Hadoop cluster.
Networking
Add new nodes to an existing Hadoop cluster with some appropriate network configuration. Assume the following
network configuration.
For New node Configuration:

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IP address :192.168.1.103
netmask:255.255.255.0
hostname : slave3.in
Adding User and SSH Access
Add a User

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On a new node, add "hadoop" user and set password of Hadoop user to "hadoop123" or anything you want by using
the following commands.
useraddhadoop
passwdhadoop
Setup Password less connectivity from master to new slave.

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Execute the following on the master
mkdir-p $HOME/.ssh
chmod700 $HOME/.ssh
ssh-keygen-t rsa-P ''-f $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa
cat $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys

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chmod644 $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys
Copy the public key to new slave node inhadoop user $HOME directory
scp $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa.pub hadoop@192.168.1.103:/home/hadoop/
Execute the following on the slaves
Login to hadoop. If not, login to hadoop user.

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suhadoopssh-X hadoop@192.168.1.103

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Copy the content of public key into file "$HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys" and then change the permission for the
same by executing the following commands.
cd $HOME
mkdir-p $HOME/.ssh
chmod700 $HOME/.ssh

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cat id_rsa.pub >>$HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys
chmod644 $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys
Check ssh login from the master machine. Now check if you can ssh to the new node without a password from the
master.
ssh hadoop@192.168.1.103or hadoop@slave3

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Set Hostname of New Node
You can set hostname in file /etc/sysconfig/network
Onnew slave3 machine
NETWORKING=yes
HOSTNAME=slave3.in

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To make the changes effective, either restart the machine or run hostname command to a new machine with the
respective hostname (restart is a good option).
On slave3 node machine:
hostname slave3.in
Update /etc/hosts on all machines of the cluster with the following lines:

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192.168.1.102 slave3.in slave3
Now try to ping the machine with hostnames to check whether it is resolving to IP or not.
On new node machine:
ping master.in
Start the DataNode on New Node

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Start the datanode daemon manually using $HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoop-daemon.sh script. It will automatically
contact the master (NameNode) and join the cluster. We should also add the new node to the conf/slaves file in the
master server. The script-based commands will recognize the new node.
Login to new node
suhadooporssh-X hadoop@192.168.1.103

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Start HDFS on a newly added slave node by using the following command
./bin/hadoop-daemon.sh start datanode


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Check the output of jps command on a new node. It looks as follows.
$ jps
7141DataNode
10312Jps

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Removing a DataNode from the Hadoop Cluster
We can remove a node from a cluster on the fly, while it is running, without any data loss. HDFS provides a
decommissioning feature, which ensures that removing a node is performed safely. To use it, follow the steps as
given below:
1. Login to master

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Login to master machine user where Hadoop is installed.
$ suhadoop
2 Change cluster configuration
An exclude file must be configured before starting the cluster. Add a key named dfs.hosts.exclude to our
$HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml file. The value associated with this key provides the full path to a file

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on the NameNode's local file system which contains a list of machines which are not permitted to connect to HDFS.
For example, add these lines to etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml file.

dfs.hosts.exclude
/home/hadoop/hadoop-1.2.1/hdfs_exclude.txt

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DFS exclude

3. Determine hosts to decommission
Each machine to be decommissioned should be added to the file identified by the hdfs_exclude.txt, one domain

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name per line. This will prevent them from connecting to the NameNode. Content of the "/home/hadoop/hadoop-
1.2.1/hdfs_exclude.txt" file is shown below, if you want to remove DataNode2.slave2.in
4. Force configuration reload
Run the command "$HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoopdfsadmin -refreshNodes" without the quotes.
$ $HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoopdfsadmin-refreshNodes

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This will force the NameNode to re-read its configuration, including the newly updated ?excludes? file. It will
decommission the nodes over a period of time, allowing time for each node's blocks to be replicated onto machines
which are scheduled to remain active.On slave2.in, check the jps command output. After some time, you will see the
DataNode process is shutdown automatically.
5. Shutdown nodes

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After the decommission process has been completed, the decommissioned hardware can be safely shut down for
maintenance. Run the report command to dfsadmin to check the status of decommission. The following command
will describe the status of the decommission node and the connected nodes to the cluster.

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$ $HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoopdfsadmin-report
6. Edit excludes file again
Once the machines have been decommissioned, they can be removed from the ?excludes? file. Running

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"$HADOOP_HOME/bin/hadoopdfsadmin -refreshNodes" again will read the excludes file back into the
NameNode; allowing the DataNodes to rejoin the cluster after the maintenance has been completed, or additional
capacity is needed in the cluster again, etc.

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Result:

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Thus the program to install storage controller was executed successfully.


65 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to find a procedure to set up the one node Hadoop
cluster

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Application:
Many organisations are required to deal with large data sets. To handle the large data sets these organisations
use hadoop cluster. But they need to set up hadoop cluster with different number of nodes several times.

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1) What is Big Data?
2) What are the four characteristics of Big Data?
3) What are real-time industry applications of Hadoop?
4) What all modes Hadoop can be run in?
5) What are the most common Input Formats in Hadoop?

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6) Define DataNode
7) What are the core methods of a Reducer?
8) What is Job Tracker role in Hadoop?
9) What is the use of RecordReader in Hadoop?
10) What companies use Hadoop, any idea?

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11) Why do we need Hadoop?
12) What is the basic difference between traditional RDBMS and Hadoop?

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Viva-Voce


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EX.NO.07: MOUNT THE ONE NODE HADOOP CLUSTER USING FUSE

Aim:
To Write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact with it
Software Requirements:

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Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:
Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
Interfaces

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Following are the important interfaces:
? Client<-->ResourceManager
By using YarnClient objects.
? ApplicationMaster<-->ResourceManager
By using AMRMClientAsync objects, handling events asynchronously by

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AMRMClientAsync.CallbackHandler
? ApplicationMaster<-->NodeManager
Launch containers. Communicate with NodeManagers by using NMClientAsync objects, handling container
events by NMClientAsync.CallbackHandler
Writing a Simple Yarn Application

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Writing a simple Client
? The first step that a client needs to do is to initialize and start a YarnClient.
? YarnClientyarnClient = YarnClient.createYarnClient();
? yarnClient.init(conf);

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? yarnClient.start();
? Once a client is set up, the client needs to create an application, and get its application id.

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? YarnClientApplication app = yarnClient.createApplication();
? GetNewApplicationResponseappResponse = app.getNewApplicationResponse();
? The response from the YarnClientApplication for a new application also contains information about the
cluster such as the minimum/maximum resource capabilities of the cluster. This is required so that to ensure
that you can correctly set the specifications of the container in which the ApplicationMaster would be

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launched. Please refer to GetNewApplicationResponse for more details.
? The main crux of a client is to setup the ApplicationSubmissionContext which defines all the information
needed by the RM to launch the AM. A client needs to set the following into the context:
? Application info: id, name
? Queue, priority info: Queue to which the application will be submitted, the priority to be assigned for the

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application.
? User: The user submitting the application
? ContainerLaunchContext: The information defining the container in which the AM will be launched and run.
The ContainerLaunchContext, as mentioned previously, defines all the required information needed to run
the application such as the local *Resources (binaries, jars, files etc.), Environment settings (CLASSPATH

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etc.), the Command to be executed and security T*okens (RECT).
The ApplicationReport received from the RM consists of the following:
? General application information: Application id, queue to which the application was submitted, user who
submitted the application and the start time for the application.
? ApplicationMaster details: the host on which the AM is running, the rpc port (if any) on which it is

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listening for requests from clients and a token that the client needs to communicate with the AM.


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? Application tracking information: If the application supports some form of progress tracking, it can set a
tracking url which is available via ApplicationReport?sgetTrackingUrl() method that a client can look at to
monitor progress.
? Application status: The state of the application as seen by the ResourceManager is available via
ApplicationReport#getYarnApplicationState. If the YarnApplicationState is set to FINISHED, the client

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should refer to ApplicationReport#getFinalApplicationStatus to check for the actual success/failure of the
application task itself. In case of failures, ApplicationReport#getDiagnostics may be useful to shed some
more light on the the failure.
? If the ApplicationMaster supports it, a client can directly query the AM itself for progress updates via the
host:rpcport information obtained from the application report. It can also use the tracking url obtained

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from the report if available.
? In certain situations, if the application is taking too long or due to other factors, the client may wish to kill
the application. YarnClient supports the killApplication call that allows a client to send a kill signal to the
AM via the ResourceManager. An ApplicationMaster if so designed may also support an abort call via its
rpc layer that a client may be able to leverage.

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? yarnClient.killApplication(appId);
Writing an ApplicationMaster (AM)
? The AM is the actual owner of the job. It will be launched by the RM and via the client will be provided
all the necessary information and resources about the job that it has been tasked with to oversee and
complete.

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? As the AM is launched within a container that may (likely will) be sharing a physical host with other
containers, given the multi-tenancy nature, amongst other issues, it cannot make any assumptions of
things like pre-configured ports that it can listen on.
? When the AM starts up, several parameters are made available to it via the environment. These
include the ContainerId for the AM container, the application submission time and details about the

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NM (NodeManager) host running the ApplicationMaster. Ref ApplicationConstants for parameter

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names.
? All interactions with the RM require an ApplicationAttemptId (there can be multiple attempts per
application in case of failures). The ApplicationAttemptIdcan be obtained from the AM?s container id.
There are helper APIs to convert the value obtained from the environment into objects.
? In setupContainerAskForRM(), the follow two things need some set up:

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? Resource capability: Currently, YARN supports memory based resource requirements so the request
should define how much memory is needed. The value is defined in MB and has to less than the max
capability of the cluster and an exact multiple of the min capability. Memory resources correspond to
physical memory limits imposed on the task containers. It will also support computation based
resource (vCore), as shown in the code.

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? Priority: When asking for sets of containers, an AM may define different priorities to each set. For
example, the Map-Reduce AM may assign a higher priority to containers needed for the Map tasks
and a lower priority for the Reduce tasks? containers.
? After container allocation requests have been sent by the application manager, contailers will be
launched asynchronously, by the event handler of the AMRMClientAsync client. The handler should

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implement AMRMClientAsync.CallbackHandler interface.
? When there are containers allocated, the handler sets up a thread that runs the code to launch
containers. Here we use the name LaunchContainerRunnable to demonstrate. We will talk about the
LaunchContainerRunnable class in the following part of this article.
? heNMClientAsync object, together with its event handler, handles container events. Including

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container start, stop, status update, and occurs an error.
? After the ApplicationMaster determines the work is done, it needs to unregister itself through the AM-
RM client, and then stops the client.

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70 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Result:

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Thus the procedure to mount the one node hadoop cluster using FUSE was executed successfully.


71 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

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Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to
? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to write a program to use the API's of Hadoop to interact
with it

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Application:
The hadoop-hdfs-fuse package enables you to use your HDFS cluster as if it were a traditional
filesystem on Linux. It is assumed that you have a working HDFS cluster and know the hostname
and port that your NameNode exposes.

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1) 1. What is Apache Hadoop?
2) Why do we need Hadoop?
3) What are the core components of Hadoop?

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4) What are the Features of Hadoop?
5) Compare Hadoop and RDBMS?
6) What are the limitations of Hadoop?
7) Explain Data Locality in Hadoop?
8) What is a ?Distributed Cache? in Apache Hadoop?

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9) How is security achieved in Hadoop?
10) What does jps command do in Hadoop?
11) Is it possible to provide multiple input to Hadoop? If yes then how?
12) Is it possible to have hadoop job output in multiple directories? If yes, how?

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Viva-Voce

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72 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

EX.NO.08: WRITE A PROGRAM TO USE THE API?S OF HADOOP TO
INTERACT WITH IT

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Aim:
To Write a wordcount program to demonstrate the use of Map and Reduce tasks
Software Requirements:
Globus Toolkit or equivalent Eucalyptus or Open Nebula or equivalent
Hardware Requirements:

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Standalone desktops 30 Nos
Procedure:
Hadoop MapReduce is a software framework for easily writing applications which process vast amounts of data
(multi-terabyte data-sets) in-parallel on large clusters (thousands of nodes) of commodity hardware in a reliable,
fault-tolerant manner.

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A MapReducejob usually splits the input data-set into independent chunks which are processed by the map tasks in
a completely parallel manner. The framework sorts the outputs of the maps, which are then input to the reduce
tasks. Typically both the input and the output of the job are stored in a file-system. The framework takes care of
scheduling tasks, monitoring them and re-executes the failed tasks.
Typically the compute nodes and the storage nodes are the same, that is, the MapReduce framework and the

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Hadoop Distributed File System are running on the same set of nodes. This configuration allows the framework to
effectively schedule tasks on the nodes where data is already present, resulting in very high aggregate bandwidth
across the cluster.
The MapReduce framework consists of a single master ResourceManager, one slave NodeManager per cluster-
node, and MRAppMaster per application.

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Minimally, applications specify the input/output locations and supply map and reduce functions via implementations
of appropriate interfaces and/or abstract-classes. These, and other job parameters, comprise the job configuration.


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The Hadoop job client then submits the job (jar/executable etc.) and configuration to the ResourceManager which
then assumes the responsibility of distributing the software/configuration to the slaves, scheduling tasks and
monitoring them, providing status and diagnostic information to the job-client.
Inputs and Outputs

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The MapReduce framework operates exclusively on pairs, that is, the framework views the input to the
job as a set of pairs and produces a set of pairs as the output of the job, conceivably of
different types.
The key and value classes have to be serializable by the framework and hence need to implement the Writable
interface. Additionally, the key classes have to implement the Writable Comparable interface to facilitate sorting by

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the framework.
Input and Output types of a MapReduce job:
(input) ->map-> ->combine-> ->reduce-> (output)
Assuming environment variables are set as follows:
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/default

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export PATH=${JAVA_HOME}/bin:${PATH}
export HADOOP_CLASSPATH=${JAVA_HOME}/lib/tools.jar
Compile WordCount.java and create a jar:
$ bin/hadoopcom.sun.tools.javac.Main WordCount.java
$ jar cf wc.jar WordCount*.class

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Assuming that:
? /user/joe/wordcount/input - input directory in HDFS
? /user/joe/wordcount/output - output directory in HDFS
?
Sample text-files as input:

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$ bin/hadoop fs -ls /user/joe/wordcount/input/ /user/joe/wordcount/input/file01 /user/joe/wordcount/input/file02

$ bin/hadoop fs -cat /user/joe/wordcount/input/file01
Hello World Bye World

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$ bin/hadoop fs -cat /user/joe/wordcount/input/file02
Hello Hadoop Goodbye Hadoop
Run the application:

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74 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

$ bin/hadoop jar wc.jar WordCount /user/joe/wordcount/input /user/joe/wordcount/output

Sample Output:

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$ bin/hadoop fs -cat /user/joe/wordcount/output/part-r-00000`
Bye 1
Goodbye 1
Hadoop 2
Hello 2

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World 2`

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Result:
Thus the program using hadoop APIs was executed successfully

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75 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

Outcomes:
At the end of the course, the student should be able to

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? Use the grid and cloud tool kits
? Design and implement applications on the Cloud to write a wordcount program to demonstrate the
use of Map and Reduce tasks
Application:
In Hadoop, MapReduce is a computation that decomposes large manipulation jobs into individual

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tasks that can be executed in parallel cross a cluster of servers. The results of tasks can be joined
together to compute final results.


1.What is a Combiner?

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2.Explain about YARN?
3.What is Hadoop MapReduce?
4. What is MapReduce framework ?
5.How many types of special znodes are present in Zookeeper ?
6.What are the primary phases of reducer?

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7.What is HDFS?
8.Which utility is used for checking the health of a HDFS file system?
9.The difference between standalone and pseudo-distributed mode ?
10.What is the default input format?
11.What is HBASE?

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12.What are the operations available in HDFS files?
13.How to restart the namenodes?
14.What if a Namenode has no data?
Viva-Voce

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76 Format No.:FirstRanker/Stud/LM/34/Issue:00/Revision:00

15.What is the basic difference between traditional RDBMS and Hadoop?
16.What is a Namenode?

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17.What is a job tracker?
18.What is a heartbeat in HDFS?

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