Download DNB 2016 Dec CARDIOTHORACIC SURGERY PAPER 1 Question Paper

FirstRanker.com

FINAL EXAM NATIONAL BOARD OF EXAMINATIONS

DECEMBER 2016

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

CARDIOTHORACIC SURGERY

PAPER - I

CTH/D/16/04/1

Time : 3 hours

Max. Marks :100

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

Important instructions:

• Attempt all questions in order.
• Each question carries 10 marks.
• Read the question carefully and answer to the point neatly and legibly.
• Do not leave any blank pages between two answers.

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

• Indicate the question number correctly for the answer in the margin space.
• Answer all the parts of a single question together.
• Start the answer to a question on a fresh page or leave adequate space between two answers.
• Draw table/diagrams/flowcharts wherever appropriate.

Write short notes on:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

1. Anatomy of the mitral valve under the following headings: 3+3+2+2

   1. Structure.
   2. Importance of subvalvular apparatus.
   3. Carpenter’s classification of mitral regurgitation.
   4. Structural changes in ischemic MR.

   --- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

2. Estimation of ejection fraction under the following headings: 3+3+2+2

   1. By echocardiography.
   2. By imaging techniques.
   3. Limitations.

   --- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

   4. Clinical significance of the assessment.

3. Cardiomyopathy under the following-headings: 4+3+3

   1. Aetiopathogenesis.
   2. Dilated cardiomyopathy.

   --- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

   3. Restrictive cardiomyopathy.

4. Thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction: 2+2+2+2+2

   1. Drugs used.
   2. Importance of the window period.

   --- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

   3. Contraindications.
   4. Results.
   5. Complications.

5. Total Circulatory Arrest under the following headings: 2+3+3+2

   --- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

   1. Indications.
   2. Conduct.
   3. Strategies to reduce risk to the CNS.
   4. Long term sequelae.

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

6. Interventricular Septum: 5+5

   1. Embryology.
   2. Pathological classification of VSDs.

7. Ventricular afterload: 2+4+4

   --- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

   1. Definition.
   2. Vasopressor agents.
   3. Methods of reduction of ventricular afterload.

8. Effect of diabetes on the CVS: 3+3+2+2

   --- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

   1. Pathology.
   2. Assessment of target organ damage.
   3. Relationship between atherosclerosis and diabetes.
   4. Effect on wound healing.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

9. Use of heparin in cardiopulmonary bypass: 2+2+2+2+2

   1. Dose and mechanism of actions.
   2. Heparin resistance.
   3. Heparin substitutes.
   4. Monitoring of level of anticoagulations.

   --- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

   5. Heparin reversal.

10. Effects of cardiopulmonary bypass on the lung under the following headings: 3+2+3+2

    1. Pathological changes.
    2. Role of WBC.

    --- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

    3. Pump lung.
    4. Strategies to reduce the deleterious effects on the lung.