Download DNB 2016 Dec NEPHROLOGY PAPER 1 Question Paper

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FINAL EXAM NATIONAL BOARD OF EXAMINATIONS

DECEMBER 2016

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NEPHROLOGY

PAPER - I

NEPHRO/D/16/20/1

Time : 3 hours Max. Marks : 100

Important instructions:

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• Attempt all questions in order.
• Each question carries 10 marks.
• Read the question carefully and answer to the point neatly and legibly.
• Do not leave any blank pages between two answers.
• Indicate the question number correctly for the answer in the margin space.

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• Answer all the parts of a single question together.
• Start the answer to a question on a fresh page or leave adequate space between two answers.
• Draw table/diagrams/flowcharts wherever appropriate.

Write short notes on:

1. a) Physiology of renal autoregulation. 5+5
   

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   b) Relevance of renal autoregulation in clinical conditions, especially with AKI.
2. Pododcyte: Structure, functions and its clinical significance in health & disease. 3+3+4
3. Hypomagnesemia: Causes, manifestations, investigations and treatment. 4+2+2+2
4. a) Development of kidney and urinary tract. 8+2
   b) Enumerate structural anomalies of kidneys.

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5. a) Pathophysiology of distal RTA: 5+5
   b) Clinical and metabolic consequences of RTA.
6. a) Etiology of lactic acidosis. 5+5
   b) Approach to a patient with lactic acidosis.
7. a) Common clinical research study designs. 5+5
   

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   b) Phases in clinical trials.
8. Vascular calcification in CKD: Pathogenesis, diagnosis and management. 3+4+3
9. a) Methods of estimation of serum creatinine 2+8
   b) Methods of estimation of GFR.
10. Moderately increased albuminuria in diabetes: 2+3+3+2
    

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    a) Etiology
    b) Limitations
    c) Natural history in type II diabetes
    d) Clinical trials to prevent progression to macroalbuminuria in phase II diabetes.

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