Download VTU (Visvesvaraya Technological University) MBA 2nd Semester (Second Semester) 17MBA23-Research Methodology RM Module 1 Important Lecture Notes (MBA Study Material Notes)
14MBA23
Module 1
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Research Methods
14MBA23
Module 1
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Objectives of Course
? To provide an understanding on the basic
concepts of research methods.
? To expose the students to the role that research
plays in business decisions.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Research Methods
14MBA23
Module 1
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Objectives of Course
? To provide an understanding on the basic
concepts of research methods.
? To expose the students to the role that research
plays in business decisions.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Meaning
? Research in common man?s language refers to
? Search for knowledge?
? Research is an art of scientific investigation.
? It is also a systematic design, collection, analysis
and the reporting the findings ad solution for the
problems of business
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Research Methods
14MBA23
Module 1
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Objectives of Course
? To provide an understanding on the basic
concepts of research methods.
? To expose the students to the role that research
plays in business decisions.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Meaning
? Research in common man?s language refers to
? Search for knowledge?
? Research is an art of scientific investigation.
? It is also a systematic design, collection, analysis
and the reporting the findings ad solution for the
problems of business
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? Systematic approach towards purposeful
investigation.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Research Methods
14MBA23
Module 1
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Objectives of Course
? To provide an understanding on the basic
concepts of research methods.
? To expose the students to the role that research
plays in business decisions.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Meaning
? Research in common man?s language refers to
? Search for knowledge?
? Research is an art of scientific investigation.
? It is also a systematic design, collection, analysis
and the reporting the findings ad solution for the
problems of business
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? Systematic approach towards purposeful
investigation.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? According to Robert Ross, ?research is essentially
an investigation, a recording and an analysis of
evidence for the purpose of gaining knowledge.?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Research Methods
14MBA23
Module 1
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Objectives of Course
? To provide an understanding on the basic
concepts of research methods.
? To expose the students to the role that research
plays in business decisions.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Meaning
? Research in common man?s language refers to
? Search for knowledge?
? Research is an art of scientific investigation.
? It is also a systematic design, collection, analysis
and the reporting the findings ad solution for the
problems of business
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? Systematic approach towards purposeful
investigation.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? According to Robert Ross, ?research is essentially
an investigation, a recording and an analysis of
evidence for the purpose of gaining knowledge.?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Good research
? Objectivity : must answer research
question
? Control : all variables ? data, sampling
? Generalisability : same result with
identical method
? Free from personal bias :
? Systematic :
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Research Methods
14MBA23
Module 1
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Objectives of Course
? To provide an understanding on the basic
concepts of research methods.
? To expose the students to the role that research
plays in business decisions.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Meaning
? Research in common man?s language refers to
? Search for knowledge?
? Research is an art of scientific investigation.
? It is also a systematic design, collection, analysis
and the reporting the findings ad solution for the
problems of business
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? Systematic approach towards purposeful
investigation.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? According to Robert Ross, ?research is essentially
an investigation, a recording and an analysis of
evidence for the purpose of gaining knowledge.?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Good research
? Objectivity : must answer research
question
? Control : all variables ? data, sampling
? Generalisability : same result with
identical method
? Free from personal bias :
? Systematic :
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Research
? Is essentially an investigation
? Is related with the solution of a problem
? It is based on observation or experimental evidences.
? It demands accurate observation or experimentation.
? In research, the researchers try to find out answers for
unsolved questions
? It should be carefully recorded and reported
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Research Methods
14MBA23
Module 1
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Objectives of Course
? To provide an understanding on the basic
concepts of research methods.
? To expose the students to the role that research
plays in business decisions.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Meaning
? Research in common man?s language refers to
? Search for knowledge?
? Research is an art of scientific investigation.
? It is also a systematic design, collection, analysis
and the reporting the findings ad solution for the
problems of business
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? Systematic approach towards purposeful
investigation.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? According to Robert Ross, ?research is essentially
an investigation, a recording and an analysis of
evidence for the purpose of gaining knowledge.?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Good research
? Objectivity : must answer research
question
? Control : all variables ? data, sampling
? Generalisability : same result with
identical method
? Free from personal bias :
? Systematic :
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Research
? Is essentially an investigation
? Is related with the solution of a problem
? It is based on observation or experimental evidences.
? It demands accurate observation or experimentation.
? In research, the researchers try to find out answers for
unsolved questions
? It should be carefully recorded and reported
Types of Research
? Grouped under two categories
? 1Fundamental research
?The science of psychology
? 2Applied research
?Apply the psychology
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Research Methods
14MBA23
Module 1
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Objectives of Course
? To provide an understanding on the basic
concepts of research methods.
? To expose the students to the role that research
plays in business decisions.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Meaning
? Research in common man?s language refers to
? Search for knowledge?
? Research is an art of scientific investigation.
? It is also a systematic design, collection, analysis
and the reporting the findings ad solution for the
problems of business
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? Systematic approach towards purposeful
investigation.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? According to Robert Ross, ?research is essentially
an investigation, a recording and an analysis of
evidence for the purpose of gaining knowledge.?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Good research
? Objectivity : must answer research
question
? Control : all variables ? data, sampling
? Generalisability : same result with
identical method
? Free from personal bias :
? Systematic :
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Research
? Is essentially an investigation
? Is related with the solution of a problem
? It is based on observation or experimental evidences.
? It demands accurate observation or experimentation.
? In research, the researchers try to find out answers for
unsolved questions
? It should be carefully recorded and reported
Types of Research
? Grouped under two categories
? 1Fundamental research
?The science of psychology
? 2Applied research
?Apply the psychology
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?At beginning when the problem is not
cleared
Eg: sales decline in a company may be due to
inefficient service
price
promotion
quality
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Research Methods
14MBA23
Module 1
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Objectives of Course
? To provide an understanding on the basic
concepts of research methods.
? To expose the students to the role that research
plays in business decisions.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Meaning
? Research in common man?s language refers to
? Search for knowledge?
? Research is an art of scientific investigation.
? It is also a systematic design, collection, analysis
and the reporting the findings ad solution for the
problems of business
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? Systematic approach towards purposeful
investigation.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? According to Robert Ross, ?research is essentially
an investigation, a recording and an analysis of
evidence for the purpose of gaining knowledge.?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Good research
? Objectivity : must answer research
question
? Control : all variables ? data, sampling
? Generalisability : same result with
identical method
? Free from personal bias :
? Systematic :
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Research
? Is essentially an investigation
? Is related with the solution of a problem
? It is based on observation or experimental evidences.
? It demands accurate observation or experimentation.
? In research, the researchers try to find out answers for
unsolved questions
? It should be carefully recorded and reported
Types of Research
? Grouped under two categories
? 1Fundamental research
?The science of psychology
? 2Applied research
?Apply the psychology
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?At beginning when the problem is not
cleared
Eg: sales decline in a company may be due to
inefficient service
price
promotion
quality
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?Expert surveys, focus groups, case studies
and observation methods.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Research Methods
14MBA23
Module 1
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Objectives of Course
? To provide an understanding on the basic
concepts of research methods.
? To expose the students to the role that research
plays in business decisions.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Meaning
? Research in common man?s language refers to
? Search for knowledge?
? Research is an art of scientific investigation.
? It is also a systematic design, collection, analysis
and the reporting the findings ad solution for the
problems of business
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? Systematic approach towards purposeful
investigation.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? According to Robert Ross, ?research is essentially
an investigation, a recording and an analysis of
evidence for the purpose of gaining knowledge.?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Good research
? Objectivity : must answer research
question
? Control : all variables ? data, sampling
? Generalisability : same result with
identical method
? Free from personal bias :
? Systematic :
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Research
? Is essentially an investigation
? Is related with the solution of a problem
? It is based on observation or experimental evidences.
? It demands accurate observation or experimentation.
? In research, the researchers try to find out answers for
unsolved questions
? It should be carefully recorded and reported
Types of Research
? Grouped under two categories
? 1Fundamental research
?The science of psychology
? 2Applied research
?Apply the psychology
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?At beginning when the problem is not
cleared
Eg: sales decline in a company may be due to
inefficient service
price
promotion
quality
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?Expert surveys, focus groups, case studies
and observation methods.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Descriptive Research
?It is fact finding investigation.
?Describes the state of view as it exists at
present
?It does not establish cause and relationship
Eg: consumption of soft drinks with
socioeconomic character ? age, family, income
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Research Methods
14MBA23
Module 1
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Objectives of Course
? To provide an understanding on the basic
concepts of research methods.
? To expose the students to the role that research
plays in business decisions.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Meaning
? Research in common man?s language refers to
? Search for knowledge?
? Research is an art of scientific investigation.
? It is also a systematic design, collection, analysis
and the reporting the findings ad solution for the
problems of business
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? Systematic approach towards purposeful
investigation.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? According to Robert Ross, ?research is essentially
an investigation, a recording and an analysis of
evidence for the purpose of gaining knowledge.?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Good research
? Objectivity : must answer research
question
? Control : all variables ? data, sampling
? Generalisability : same result with
identical method
? Free from personal bias :
? Systematic :
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Research
? Is essentially an investigation
? Is related with the solution of a problem
? It is based on observation or experimental evidences.
? It demands accurate observation or experimentation.
? In research, the researchers try to find out answers for
unsolved questions
? It should be carefully recorded and reported
Types of Research
? Grouped under two categories
? 1Fundamental research
?The science of psychology
? 2Applied research
?Apply the psychology
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?At beginning when the problem is not
cleared
Eg: sales decline in a company may be due to
inefficient service
price
promotion
quality
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?Expert surveys, focus groups, case studies
and observation methods.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Descriptive Research
?It is fact finding investigation.
?Describes the state of view as it exists at
present
?It does not establish cause and relationship
Eg: consumption of soft drinks with
socioeconomic character ? age, family, income
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Applied research
? Deals with real life situation
? Aims at finding immediate solutions to
problems.
? Eg: why the sales decreased during last quarter.
? Use of fibre body for cars instead of metal.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Research Methods
14MBA23
Module 1
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Objectives of Course
? To provide an understanding on the basic
concepts of research methods.
? To expose the students to the role that research
plays in business decisions.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Meaning
? Research in common man?s language refers to
? Search for knowledge?
? Research is an art of scientific investigation.
? It is also a systematic design, collection, analysis
and the reporting the findings ad solution for the
problems of business
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? Systematic approach towards purposeful
investigation.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? According to Robert Ross, ?research is essentially
an investigation, a recording and an analysis of
evidence for the purpose of gaining knowledge.?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Good research
? Objectivity : must answer research
question
? Control : all variables ? data, sampling
? Generalisability : same result with
identical method
? Free from personal bias :
? Systematic :
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Research
? Is essentially an investigation
? Is related with the solution of a problem
? It is based on observation or experimental evidences.
? It demands accurate observation or experimentation.
? In research, the researchers try to find out answers for
unsolved questions
? It should be carefully recorded and reported
Types of Research
? Grouped under two categories
? 1Fundamental research
?The science of psychology
? 2Applied research
?Apply the psychology
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?At beginning when the problem is not
cleared
Eg: sales decline in a company may be due to
inefficient service
price
promotion
quality
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?Expert surveys, focus groups, case studies
and observation methods.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Descriptive Research
?It is fact finding investigation.
?Describes the state of view as it exists at
present
?It does not establish cause and relationship
Eg: consumption of soft drinks with
socioeconomic character ? age, family, income
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Applied research
? Deals with real life situation
? Aims at finding immediate solutions to
problems.
? Eg: why the sales decreased during last quarter.
? Use of fibre body for cars instead of metal.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Pure/ Fundamental or basic
?Gathering knowledge
Eg: theory of relativity by Einstein
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Research Methods
14MBA23
Module 1
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Objectives of Course
? To provide an understanding on the basic
concepts of research methods.
? To expose the students to the role that research
plays in business decisions.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Meaning
? Research in common man?s language refers to
? Search for knowledge?
? Research is an art of scientific investigation.
? It is also a systematic design, collection, analysis
and the reporting the findings ad solution for the
problems of business
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? Systematic approach towards purposeful
investigation.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? According to Robert Ross, ?research is essentially
an investigation, a recording and an analysis of
evidence for the purpose of gaining knowledge.?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Good research
? Objectivity : must answer research
question
? Control : all variables ? data, sampling
? Generalisability : same result with
identical method
? Free from personal bias :
? Systematic :
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Research
? Is essentially an investigation
? Is related with the solution of a problem
? It is based on observation or experimental evidences.
? It demands accurate observation or experimentation.
? In research, the researchers try to find out answers for
unsolved questions
? It should be carefully recorded and reported
Types of Research
? Grouped under two categories
? 1Fundamental research
?The science of psychology
? 2Applied research
?Apply the psychology
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?At beginning when the problem is not
cleared
Eg: sales decline in a company may be due to
inefficient service
price
promotion
quality
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?Expert surveys, focus groups, case studies
and observation methods.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Descriptive Research
?It is fact finding investigation.
?Describes the state of view as it exists at
present
?It does not establish cause and relationship
Eg: consumption of soft drinks with
socioeconomic character ? age, family, income
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Applied research
? Deals with real life situation
? Aims at finding immediate solutions to
problems.
? Eg: why the sales decreased during last quarter.
? Use of fibre body for cars instead of metal.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Pure/ Fundamental or basic
?Gathering knowledge
Eg: theory of relativity by Einstein
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Conceptual Research
?It is generally used by philosophers..
?It is related to some abstract idea or theory
Eg: ideology of ?isms?
Gandhism
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Research Methods
14MBA23
Module 1
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Objectives of Course
? To provide an understanding on the basic
concepts of research methods.
? To expose the students to the role that research
plays in business decisions.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Meaning
? Research in common man?s language refers to
? Search for knowledge?
? Research is an art of scientific investigation.
? It is also a systematic design, collection, analysis
and the reporting the findings ad solution for the
problems of business
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? Systematic approach towards purposeful
investigation.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? According to Robert Ross, ?research is essentially
an investigation, a recording and an analysis of
evidence for the purpose of gaining knowledge.?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Good research
? Objectivity : must answer research
question
? Control : all variables ? data, sampling
? Generalisability : same result with
identical method
? Free from personal bias :
? Systematic :
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Research
? Is essentially an investigation
? Is related with the solution of a problem
? It is based on observation or experimental evidences.
? It demands accurate observation or experimentation.
? In research, the researchers try to find out answers for
unsolved questions
? It should be carefully recorded and reported
Types of Research
? Grouped under two categories
? 1Fundamental research
?The science of psychology
? 2Applied research
?Apply the psychology
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?At beginning when the problem is not
cleared
Eg: sales decline in a company may be due to
inefficient service
price
promotion
quality
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?Expert surveys, focus groups, case studies
and observation methods.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Descriptive Research
?It is fact finding investigation.
?Describes the state of view as it exists at
present
?It does not establish cause and relationship
Eg: consumption of soft drinks with
socioeconomic character ? age, family, income
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Applied research
? Deals with real life situation
? Aims at finding immediate solutions to
problems.
? Eg: why the sales decreased during last quarter.
? Use of fibre body for cars instead of metal.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Pure/ Fundamental or basic
?Gathering knowledge
Eg: theory of relativity by Einstein
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Conceptual Research
?It is generally used by philosophers..
?It is related to some abstract idea or theory
Eg: ideology of ?isms?
Gandhism
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Casual Research
?To determine the cause and effect
relationship between the two variable
Eg: effect of advertisement on sales.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Research Methods
14MBA23
Module 1
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Objectives of Course
? To provide an understanding on the basic
concepts of research methods.
? To expose the students to the role that research
plays in business decisions.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Meaning
? Research in common man?s language refers to
? Search for knowledge?
? Research is an art of scientific investigation.
? It is also a systematic design, collection, analysis
and the reporting the findings ad solution for the
problems of business
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? Systematic approach towards purposeful
investigation.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? According to Robert Ross, ?research is essentially
an investigation, a recording and an analysis of
evidence for the purpose of gaining knowledge.?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Good research
? Objectivity : must answer research
question
? Control : all variables ? data, sampling
? Generalisability : same result with
identical method
? Free from personal bias :
? Systematic :
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Research
? Is essentially an investigation
? Is related with the solution of a problem
? It is based on observation or experimental evidences.
? It demands accurate observation or experimentation.
? In research, the researchers try to find out answers for
unsolved questions
? It should be carefully recorded and reported
Types of Research
? Grouped under two categories
? 1Fundamental research
?The science of psychology
? 2Applied research
?Apply the psychology
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?At beginning when the problem is not
cleared
Eg: sales decline in a company may be due to
inefficient service
price
promotion
quality
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?Expert surveys, focus groups, case studies
and observation methods.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Descriptive Research
?It is fact finding investigation.
?Describes the state of view as it exists at
present
?It does not establish cause and relationship
Eg: consumption of soft drinks with
socioeconomic character ? age, family, income
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Applied research
? Deals with real life situation
? Aims at finding immediate solutions to
problems.
? Eg: why the sales decreased during last quarter.
? Use of fibre body for cars instead of metal.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Pure/ Fundamental or basic
?Gathering knowledge
Eg: theory of relativity by Einstein
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Conceptual Research
?It is generally used by philosophers..
?It is related to some abstract idea or theory
Eg: ideology of ?isms?
Gandhism
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Casual Research
?To determine the cause and effect
relationship between the two variable
Eg: effect of advertisement on sales.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Historical Research
?Study of past records and data's
Eg: value of shares of company is predicted on
the historical research
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Research Methods
14MBA23
Module 1
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Objectives of Course
? To provide an understanding on the basic
concepts of research methods.
? To expose the students to the role that research
plays in business decisions.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Meaning
? Research in common man?s language refers to
? Search for knowledge?
? Research is an art of scientific investigation.
? It is also a systematic design, collection, analysis
and the reporting the findings ad solution for the
problems of business
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? Systematic approach towards purposeful
investigation.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? According to Robert Ross, ?research is essentially
an investigation, a recording and an analysis of
evidence for the purpose of gaining knowledge.?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Good research
? Objectivity : must answer research
question
? Control : all variables ? data, sampling
? Generalisability : same result with
identical method
? Free from personal bias :
? Systematic :
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Research
? Is essentially an investigation
? Is related with the solution of a problem
? It is based on observation or experimental evidences.
? It demands accurate observation or experimentation.
? In research, the researchers try to find out answers for
unsolved questions
? It should be carefully recorded and reported
Types of Research
? Grouped under two categories
? 1Fundamental research
?The science of psychology
? 2Applied research
?Apply the psychology
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?At beginning when the problem is not
cleared
Eg: sales decline in a company may be due to
inefficient service
price
promotion
quality
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?Expert surveys, focus groups, case studies
and observation methods.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Descriptive Research
?It is fact finding investigation.
?Describes the state of view as it exists at
present
?It does not establish cause and relationship
Eg: consumption of soft drinks with
socioeconomic character ? age, family, income
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Applied research
? Deals with real life situation
? Aims at finding immediate solutions to
problems.
? Eg: why the sales decreased during last quarter.
? Use of fibre body for cars instead of metal.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Pure/ Fundamental or basic
?Gathering knowledge
Eg: theory of relativity by Einstein
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Conceptual Research
?It is generally used by philosophers..
?It is related to some abstract idea or theory
Eg: ideology of ?isms?
Gandhism
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Casual Research
?To determine the cause and effect
relationship between the two variable
Eg: effect of advertisement on sales.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Historical Research
?Study of past records and data's
Eg: value of shares of company is predicted on
the historical research
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Ex-post facto Research/ Empirical
?Examination of relationship that exists
between independent and dependent
variable
Eg: what has happened because of
what is happening because of
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Research Methods
14MBA23
Module 1
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Objectives of Course
? To provide an understanding on the basic
concepts of research methods.
? To expose the students to the role that research
plays in business decisions.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Meaning
? Research in common man?s language refers to
? Search for knowledge?
? Research is an art of scientific investigation.
? It is also a systematic design, collection, analysis
and the reporting the findings ad solution for the
problems of business
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? Systematic approach towards purposeful
investigation.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? According to Robert Ross, ?research is essentially
an investigation, a recording and an analysis of
evidence for the purpose of gaining knowledge.?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Good research
? Objectivity : must answer research
question
? Control : all variables ? data, sampling
? Generalisability : same result with
identical method
? Free from personal bias :
? Systematic :
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Research
? Is essentially an investigation
? Is related with the solution of a problem
? It is based on observation or experimental evidences.
? It demands accurate observation or experimentation.
? In research, the researchers try to find out answers for
unsolved questions
? It should be carefully recorded and reported
Types of Research
? Grouped under two categories
? 1Fundamental research
?The science of psychology
? 2Applied research
?Apply the psychology
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?At beginning when the problem is not
cleared
Eg: sales decline in a company may be due to
inefficient service
price
promotion
quality
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?Expert surveys, focus groups, case studies
and observation methods.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Descriptive Research
?It is fact finding investigation.
?Describes the state of view as it exists at
present
?It does not establish cause and relationship
Eg: consumption of soft drinks with
socioeconomic character ? age, family, income
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Applied research
? Deals with real life situation
? Aims at finding immediate solutions to
problems.
? Eg: why the sales decreased during last quarter.
? Use of fibre body for cars instead of metal.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Pure/ Fundamental or basic
?Gathering knowledge
Eg: theory of relativity by Einstein
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Conceptual Research
?It is generally used by philosophers..
?It is related to some abstract idea or theory
Eg: ideology of ?isms?
Gandhism
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Casual Research
?To determine the cause and effect
relationship between the two variable
Eg: effect of advertisement on sales.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Historical Research
?Study of past records and data's
Eg: value of shares of company is predicted on
the historical research
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Ex-post facto Research/ Empirical
?Examination of relationship that exists
between independent and dependent
variable
Eg: what has happened because of
what is happening because of
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Action research
?Research is done directly by action
?Geographical location is identified
?Samples are selected
?Response is collected
Eg: test marketing
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Research Methods
14MBA23
Module 1
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Objectives of Course
? To provide an understanding on the basic
concepts of research methods.
? To expose the students to the role that research
plays in business decisions.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Meaning
? Research in common man?s language refers to
? Search for knowledge?
? Research is an art of scientific investigation.
? It is also a systematic design, collection, analysis
and the reporting the findings ad solution for the
problems of business
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? Systematic approach towards purposeful
investigation.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? According to Robert Ross, ?research is essentially
an investigation, a recording and an analysis of
evidence for the purpose of gaining knowledge.?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Good research
? Objectivity : must answer research
question
? Control : all variables ? data, sampling
? Generalisability : same result with
identical method
? Free from personal bias :
? Systematic :
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Research
? Is essentially an investigation
? Is related with the solution of a problem
? It is based on observation or experimental evidences.
? It demands accurate observation or experimentation.
? In research, the researchers try to find out answers for
unsolved questions
? It should be carefully recorded and reported
Types of Research
? Grouped under two categories
? 1Fundamental research
?The science of psychology
? 2Applied research
?Apply the psychology
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?At beginning when the problem is not
cleared
Eg: sales decline in a company may be due to
inefficient service
price
promotion
quality
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?Expert surveys, focus groups, case studies
and observation methods.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Descriptive Research
?It is fact finding investigation.
?Describes the state of view as it exists at
present
?It does not establish cause and relationship
Eg: consumption of soft drinks with
socioeconomic character ? age, family, income
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Applied research
? Deals with real life situation
? Aims at finding immediate solutions to
problems.
? Eg: why the sales decreased during last quarter.
? Use of fibre body for cars instead of metal.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Pure/ Fundamental or basic
?Gathering knowledge
Eg: theory of relativity by Einstein
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Conceptual Research
?It is generally used by philosophers..
?It is related to some abstract idea or theory
Eg: ideology of ?isms?
Gandhism
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Casual Research
?To determine the cause and effect
relationship between the two variable
Eg: effect of advertisement on sales.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Historical Research
?Study of past records and data's
Eg: value of shares of company is predicted on
the historical research
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Ex-post facto Research/ Empirical
?Examination of relationship that exists
between independent and dependent
variable
Eg: what has happened because of
what is happening because of
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Action research
?Research is done directly by action
?Geographical location is identified
?Samples are selected
?Response is collected
Eg: test marketing
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Evaluation Research
?It is an applied research.
?It is conducted to find out how well planned
programmes are implemented
Eg: ?Success of Midday Meal Programme?
? Swatch Bharat Abhiyan?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Research Methods
14MBA23
Module 1
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Objectives of Course
? To provide an understanding on the basic
concepts of research methods.
? To expose the students to the role that research
plays in business decisions.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Meaning
? Research in common man?s language refers to
? Search for knowledge?
? Research is an art of scientific investigation.
? It is also a systematic design, collection, analysis
and the reporting the findings ad solution for the
problems of business
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? Systematic approach towards purposeful
investigation.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? According to Robert Ross, ?research is essentially
an investigation, a recording and an analysis of
evidence for the purpose of gaining knowledge.?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Good research
? Objectivity : must answer research
question
? Control : all variables ? data, sampling
? Generalisability : same result with
identical method
? Free from personal bias :
? Systematic :
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Research
? Is essentially an investigation
? Is related with the solution of a problem
? It is based on observation or experimental evidences.
? It demands accurate observation or experimentation.
? In research, the researchers try to find out answers for
unsolved questions
? It should be carefully recorded and reported
Types of Research
? Grouped under two categories
? 1Fundamental research
?The science of psychology
? 2Applied research
?Apply the psychology
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?At beginning when the problem is not
cleared
Eg: sales decline in a company may be due to
inefficient service
price
promotion
quality
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?Expert surveys, focus groups, case studies
and observation methods.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Descriptive Research
?It is fact finding investigation.
?Describes the state of view as it exists at
present
?It does not establish cause and relationship
Eg: consumption of soft drinks with
socioeconomic character ? age, family, income
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Applied research
? Deals with real life situation
? Aims at finding immediate solutions to
problems.
? Eg: why the sales decreased during last quarter.
? Use of fibre body for cars instead of metal.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Pure/ Fundamental or basic
?Gathering knowledge
Eg: theory of relativity by Einstein
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Conceptual Research
?It is generally used by philosophers..
?It is related to some abstract idea or theory
Eg: ideology of ?isms?
Gandhism
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Casual Research
?To determine the cause and effect
relationship between the two variable
Eg: effect of advertisement on sales.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Historical Research
?Study of past records and data's
Eg: value of shares of company is predicted on
the historical research
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Ex-post facto Research/ Empirical
?Examination of relationship that exists
between independent and dependent
variable
Eg: what has happened because of
what is happening because of
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Action research
?Research is done directly by action
?Geographical location is identified
?Samples are selected
?Response is collected
Eg: test marketing
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Evaluation Research
?It is an applied research.
?It is conducted to find out how well planned
programmes are implemented
Eg: ?Success of Midday Meal Programme?
? Swatch Bharat Abhiyan?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Library Research
?It is done to gather secondary data
Eg: consumption of soft drinks with
socioeconomic character ? age, family, income
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Research Methods
14MBA23
Module 1
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Objectives of Course
? To provide an understanding on the basic
concepts of research methods.
? To expose the students to the role that research
plays in business decisions.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Meaning
? Research in common man?s language refers to
? Search for knowledge?
? Research is an art of scientific investigation.
? It is also a systematic design, collection, analysis
and the reporting the findings ad solution for the
problems of business
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? Systematic approach towards purposeful
investigation.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? According to Robert Ross, ?research is essentially
an investigation, a recording and an analysis of
evidence for the purpose of gaining knowledge.?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Good research
? Objectivity : must answer research
question
? Control : all variables ? data, sampling
? Generalisability : same result with
identical method
? Free from personal bias :
? Systematic :
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Research
? Is essentially an investigation
? Is related with the solution of a problem
? It is based on observation or experimental evidences.
? It demands accurate observation or experimentation.
? In research, the researchers try to find out answers for
unsolved questions
? It should be carefully recorded and reported
Types of Research
? Grouped under two categories
? 1Fundamental research
?The science of psychology
? 2Applied research
?Apply the psychology
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?At beginning when the problem is not
cleared
Eg: sales decline in a company may be due to
inefficient service
price
promotion
quality
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?Expert surveys, focus groups, case studies
and observation methods.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Descriptive Research
?It is fact finding investigation.
?Describes the state of view as it exists at
present
?It does not establish cause and relationship
Eg: consumption of soft drinks with
socioeconomic character ? age, family, income
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Applied research
? Deals with real life situation
? Aims at finding immediate solutions to
problems.
? Eg: why the sales decreased during last quarter.
? Use of fibre body for cars instead of metal.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Pure/ Fundamental or basic
?Gathering knowledge
Eg: theory of relativity by Einstein
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Conceptual Research
?It is generally used by philosophers..
?It is related to some abstract idea or theory
Eg: ideology of ?isms?
Gandhism
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Casual Research
?To determine the cause and effect
relationship between the two variable
Eg: effect of advertisement on sales.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Historical Research
?Study of past records and data's
Eg: value of shares of company is predicted on
the historical research
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Ex-post facto Research/ Empirical
?Examination of relationship that exists
between independent and dependent
variable
Eg: what has happened because of
what is happening because of
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Action research
?Research is done directly by action
?Geographical location is identified
?Samples are selected
?Response is collected
Eg: test marketing
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Evaluation Research
?It is an applied research.
?It is conducted to find out how well planned
programmes are implemented
Eg: ?Success of Midday Meal Programme?
? Swatch Bharat Abhiyan?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Library Research
?It is done to gather secondary data
Eg: consumption of soft drinks with
socioeconomic character ? age, family, income
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Process of Research
1.Defining the research problem and reviewing the
literature
2.Formulation of hypothesis
3.Research Design
4.Collecting data
5.Analysing data and testing hypothesis
6.Preparation of report and preliminary analysis
7.Interpreting and reporting the findings
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Research Methods
14MBA23
Module 1
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Objectives of Course
? To provide an understanding on the basic
concepts of research methods.
? To expose the students to the role that research
plays in business decisions.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Meaning
? Research in common man?s language refers to
? Search for knowledge?
? Research is an art of scientific investigation.
? It is also a systematic design, collection, analysis
and the reporting the findings ad solution for the
problems of business
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? Systematic approach towards purposeful
investigation.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? According to Robert Ross, ?research is essentially
an investigation, a recording and an analysis of
evidence for the purpose of gaining knowledge.?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Good research
? Objectivity : must answer research
question
? Control : all variables ? data, sampling
? Generalisability : same result with
identical method
? Free from personal bias :
? Systematic :
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Research
? Is essentially an investigation
? Is related with the solution of a problem
? It is based on observation or experimental evidences.
? It demands accurate observation or experimentation.
? In research, the researchers try to find out answers for
unsolved questions
? It should be carefully recorded and reported
Types of Research
? Grouped under two categories
? 1Fundamental research
?The science of psychology
? 2Applied research
?Apply the psychology
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?At beginning when the problem is not
cleared
Eg: sales decline in a company may be due to
inefficient service
price
promotion
quality
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?Expert surveys, focus groups, case studies
and observation methods.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Descriptive Research
?It is fact finding investigation.
?Describes the state of view as it exists at
present
?It does not establish cause and relationship
Eg: consumption of soft drinks with
socioeconomic character ? age, family, income
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Applied research
? Deals with real life situation
? Aims at finding immediate solutions to
problems.
? Eg: why the sales decreased during last quarter.
? Use of fibre body for cars instead of metal.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Pure/ Fundamental or basic
?Gathering knowledge
Eg: theory of relativity by Einstein
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Conceptual Research
?It is generally used by philosophers..
?It is related to some abstract idea or theory
Eg: ideology of ?isms?
Gandhism
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Casual Research
?To determine the cause and effect
relationship between the two variable
Eg: effect of advertisement on sales.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Historical Research
?Study of past records and data's
Eg: value of shares of company is predicted on
the historical research
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Ex-post facto Research/ Empirical
?Examination of relationship that exists
between independent and dependent
variable
Eg: what has happened because of
what is happening because of
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Action research
?Research is done directly by action
?Geographical location is identified
?Samples are selected
?Response is collected
Eg: test marketing
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Evaluation Research
?It is an applied research.
?It is conducted to find out how well planned
programmes are implemented
Eg: ?Success of Midday Meal Programme?
? Swatch Bharat Abhiyan?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Library Research
?It is done to gather secondary data
Eg: consumption of soft drinks with
socioeconomic character ? age, family, income
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Process of Research
1.Defining the research problem and reviewing the
literature
2.Formulation of hypothesis
3.Research Design
4.Collecting data
5.Analysing data and testing hypothesis
6.Preparation of report and preliminary analysis
7.Interpreting and reporting the findings
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Research Process
1. Problem formulation
2. Method of inquiry
3. Research method
4. Research design
5. Select data collection techniques(s)
6. Sample design
7. Data collection
8. Analysis and Interpretation
9. Findings, conclusions and recommendations.
10. Research report
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Research Methods
14MBA23
Module 1
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Objectives of Course
? To provide an understanding on the basic
concepts of research methods.
? To expose the students to the role that research
plays in business decisions.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Meaning
? Research in common man?s language refers to
? Search for knowledge?
? Research is an art of scientific investigation.
? It is also a systematic design, collection, analysis
and the reporting the findings ad solution for the
problems of business
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? Systematic approach towards purposeful
investigation.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? According to Robert Ross, ?research is essentially
an investigation, a recording and an analysis of
evidence for the purpose of gaining knowledge.?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Good research
? Objectivity : must answer research
question
? Control : all variables ? data, sampling
? Generalisability : same result with
identical method
? Free from personal bias :
? Systematic :
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Research
? Is essentially an investigation
? Is related with the solution of a problem
? It is based on observation or experimental evidences.
? It demands accurate observation or experimentation.
? In research, the researchers try to find out answers for
unsolved questions
? It should be carefully recorded and reported
Types of Research
? Grouped under two categories
? 1Fundamental research
?The science of psychology
? 2Applied research
?Apply the psychology
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?At beginning when the problem is not
cleared
Eg: sales decline in a company may be due to
inefficient service
price
promotion
quality
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?Expert surveys, focus groups, case studies
and observation methods.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Descriptive Research
?It is fact finding investigation.
?Describes the state of view as it exists at
present
?It does not establish cause and relationship
Eg: consumption of soft drinks with
socioeconomic character ? age, family, income
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Applied research
? Deals with real life situation
? Aims at finding immediate solutions to
problems.
? Eg: why the sales decreased during last quarter.
? Use of fibre body for cars instead of metal.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Pure/ Fundamental or basic
?Gathering knowledge
Eg: theory of relativity by Einstein
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Conceptual Research
?It is generally used by philosophers..
?It is related to some abstract idea or theory
Eg: ideology of ?isms?
Gandhism
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Casual Research
?To determine the cause and effect
relationship between the two variable
Eg: effect of advertisement on sales.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Historical Research
?Study of past records and data's
Eg: value of shares of company is predicted on
the historical research
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Ex-post facto Research/ Empirical
?Examination of relationship that exists
between independent and dependent
variable
Eg: what has happened because of
what is happening because of
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Action research
?Research is done directly by action
?Geographical location is identified
?Samples are selected
?Response is collected
Eg: test marketing
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Evaluation Research
?It is an applied research.
?It is conducted to find out how well planned
programmes are implemented
Eg: ?Success of Midday Meal Programme?
? Swatch Bharat Abhiyan?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Library Research
?It is done to gather secondary data
Eg: consumption of soft drinks with
socioeconomic character ? age, family, income
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Process of Research
1.Defining the research problem and reviewing the
literature
2.Formulation of hypothesis
3.Research Design
4.Collecting data
5.Analysing data and testing hypothesis
6.Preparation of report and preliminary analysis
7.Interpreting and reporting the findings
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Research Process
1. Problem formulation
2. Method of inquiry
3. Research method
4. Research design
5. Select data collection techniques(s)
6. Sample design
7. Data collection
8. Analysis and Interpretation
9. Findings, conclusions and recommendations.
10. Research report
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
1.Defining Research Problem
? Converting Management problem into Research problem
? M P : want to increase sales of product A
? R P : what is the current the sale of product A
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Research Methods
14MBA23
Module 1
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Objectives of Course
? To provide an understanding on the basic
concepts of research methods.
? To expose the students to the role that research
plays in business decisions.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Meaning
? Research in common man?s language refers to
? Search for knowledge?
? Research is an art of scientific investigation.
? It is also a systematic design, collection, analysis
and the reporting the findings ad solution for the
problems of business
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? Systematic approach towards purposeful
investigation.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? According to Robert Ross, ?research is essentially
an investigation, a recording and an analysis of
evidence for the purpose of gaining knowledge.?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Good research
? Objectivity : must answer research
question
? Control : all variables ? data, sampling
? Generalisability : same result with
identical method
? Free from personal bias :
? Systematic :
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Research
? Is essentially an investigation
? Is related with the solution of a problem
? It is based on observation or experimental evidences.
? It demands accurate observation or experimentation.
? In research, the researchers try to find out answers for
unsolved questions
? It should be carefully recorded and reported
Types of Research
? Grouped under two categories
? 1Fundamental research
?The science of psychology
? 2Applied research
?Apply the psychology
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?At beginning when the problem is not
cleared
Eg: sales decline in a company may be due to
inefficient service
price
promotion
quality
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?Expert surveys, focus groups, case studies
and observation methods.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Descriptive Research
?It is fact finding investigation.
?Describes the state of view as it exists at
present
?It does not establish cause and relationship
Eg: consumption of soft drinks with
socioeconomic character ? age, family, income
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Applied research
? Deals with real life situation
? Aims at finding immediate solutions to
problems.
? Eg: why the sales decreased during last quarter.
? Use of fibre body for cars instead of metal.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Pure/ Fundamental or basic
?Gathering knowledge
Eg: theory of relativity by Einstein
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Conceptual Research
?It is generally used by philosophers..
?It is related to some abstract idea or theory
Eg: ideology of ?isms?
Gandhism
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Casual Research
?To determine the cause and effect
relationship between the two variable
Eg: effect of advertisement on sales.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Historical Research
?Study of past records and data's
Eg: value of shares of company is predicted on
the historical research
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Ex-post facto Research/ Empirical
?Examination of relationship that exists
between independent and dependent
variable
Eg: what has happened because of
what is happening because of
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Action research
?Research is done directly by action
?Geographical location is identified
?Samples are selected
?Response is collected
Eg: test marketing
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Evaluation Research
?It is an applied research.
?It is conducted to find out how well planned
programmes are implemented
Eg: ?Success of Midday Meal Programme?
? Swatch Bharat Abhiyan?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Library Research
?It is done to gather secondary data
Eg: consumption of soft drinks with
socioeconomic character ? age, family, income
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Process of Research
1.Defining the research problem and reviewing the
literature
2.Formulation of hypothesis
3.Research Design
4.Collecting data
5.Analysing data and testing hypothesis
6.Preparation of report and preliminary analysis
7.Interpreting and reporting the findings
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Research Process
1. Problem formulation
2. Method of inquiry
3. Research method
4. Research design
5. Select data collection techniques(s)
6. Sample design
7. Data collection
8. Analysis and Interpretation
9. Findings, conclusions and recommendations.
10. Research report
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
1.Defining Research Problem
? Converting Management problem into Research problem
? M P : want to increase sales of product A
? R P : what is the current the sale of product A
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
1.Defining Research Problem
? Followings to be considered
? 1 Determine the objective of the study
? 2.Consider various Environmental Forces
Purchasing habits, competitors, brand image, price, size of
market and target customers
? 3.Nature of the problem
Brand image, not buying, why to competitors product? Right target
audience?
? 4.Stating the alternatives
Developing hypothesis
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Research Methods
14MBA23
Module 1
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Objectives of Course
? To provide an understanding on the basic
concepts of research methods.
? To expose the students to the role that research
plays in business decisions.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Meaning
? Research in common man?s language refers to
? Search for knowledge?
? Research is an art of scientific investigation.
? It is also a systematic design, collection, analysis
and the reporting the findings ad solution for the
problems of business
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? Systematic approach towards purposeful
investigation.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? According to Robert Ross, ?research is essentially
an investigation, a recording and an analysis of
evidence for the purpose of gaining knowledge.?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Good research
? Objectivity : must answer research
question
? Control : all variables ? data, sampling
? Generalisability : same result with
identical method
? Free from personal bias :
? Systematic :
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Research
? Is essentially an investigation
? Is related with the solution of a problem
? It is based on observation or experimental evidences.
? It demands accurate observation or experimentation.
? In research, the researchers try to find out answers for
unsolved questions
? It should be carefully recorded and reported
Types of Research
? Grouped under two categories
? 1Fundamental research
?The science of psychology
? 2Applied research
?Apply the psychology
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?At beginning when the problem is not
cleared
Eg: sales decline in a company may be due to
inefficient service
price
promotion
quality
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?Expert surveys, focus groups, case studies
and observation methods.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Descriptive Research
?It is fact finding investigation.
?Describes the state of view as it exists at
present
?It does not establish cause and relationship
Eg: consumption of soft drinks with
socioeconomic character ? age, family, income
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Applied research
? Deals with real life situation
? Aims at finding immediate solutions to
problems.
? Eg: why the sales decreased during last quarter.
? Use of fibre body for cars instead of metal.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Pure/ Fundamental or basic
?Gathering knowledge
Eg: theory of relativity by Einstein
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Conceptual Research
?It is generally used by philosophers..
?It is related to some abstract idea or theory
Eg: ideology of ?isms?
Gandhism
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Casual Research
?To determine the cause and effect
relationship between the two variable
Eg: effect of advertisement on sales.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Historical Research
?Study of past records and data's
Eg: value of shares of company is predicted on
the historical research
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Ex-post facto Research/ Empirical
?Examination of relationship that exists
between independent and dependent
variable
Eg: what has happened because of
what is happening because of
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Action research
?Research is done directly by action
?Geographical location is identified
?Samples are selected
?Response is collected
Eg: test marketing
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Evaluation Research
?It is an applied research.
?It is conducted to find out how well planned
programmes are implemented
Eg: ?Success of Midday Meal Programme?
? Swatch Bharat Abhiyan?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Library Research
?It is done to gather secondary data
Eg: consumption of soft drinks with
socioeconomic character ? age, family, income
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Process of Research
1.Defining the research problem and reviewing the
literature
2.Formulation of hypothesis
3.Research Design
4.Collecting data
5.Analysing data and testing hypothesis
6.Preparation of report and preliminary analysis
7.Interpreting and reporting the findings
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Research Process
1. Problem formulation
2. Method of inquiry
3. Research method
4. Research design
5. Select data collection techniques(s)
6. Sample design
7. Data collection
8. Analysis and Interpretation
9. Findings, conclusions and recommendations.
10. Research report
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
1.Defining Research Problem
? Converting Management problem into Research problem
? M P : want to increase sales of product A
? R P : what is the current the sale of product A
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
1.Defining Research Problem
? Followings to be considered
? 1 Determine the objective of the study
? 2.Consider various Environmental Forces
Purchasing habits, competitors, brand image, price, size of
market and target customers
? 3.Nature of the problem
Brand image, not buying, why to competitors product? Right target
audience?
? 4.Stating the alternatives
Developing hypothesis
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
1.Defining Research Problem
? Reviewing the literature
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Research Methods
14MBA23
Module 1
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Objectives of Course
? To provide an understanding on the basic
concepts of research methods.
? To expose the students to the role that research
plays in business decisions.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Meaning
? Research in common man?s language refers to
? Search for knowledge?
? Research is an art of scientific investigation.
? It is also a systematic design, collection, analysis
and the reporting the findings ad solution for the
problems of business
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? Systematic approach towards purposeful
investigation.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? According to Robert Ross, ?research is essentially
an investigation, a recording and an analysis of
evidence for the purpose of gaining knowledge.?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Good research
? Objectivity : must answer research
question
? Control : all variables ? data, sampling
? Generalisability : same result with
identical method
? Free from personal bias :
? Systematic :
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Research
? Is essentially an investigation
? Is related with the solution of a problem
? It is based on observation or experimental evidences.
? It demands accurate observation or experimentation.
? In research, the researchers try to find out answers for
unsolved questions
? It should be carefully recorded and reported
Types of Research
? Grouped under two categories
? 1Fundamental research
?The science of psychology
? 2Applied research
?Apply the psychology
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?At beginning when the problem is not
cleared
Eg: sales decline in a company may be due to
inefficient service
price
promotion
quality
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?Expert surveys, focus groups, case studies
and observation methods.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Descriptive Research
?It is fact finding investigation.
?Describes the state of view as it exists at
present
?It does not establish cause and relationship
Eg: consumption of soft drinks with
socioeconomic character ? age, family, income
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Applied research
? Deals with real life situation
? Aims at finding immediate solutions to
problems.
? Eg: why the sales decreased during last quarter.
? Use of fibre body for cars instead of metal.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Pure/ Fundamental or basic
?Gathering knowledge
Eg: theory of relativity by Einstein
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Conceptual Research
?It is generally used by philosophers..
?It is related to some abstract idea or theory
Eg: ideology of ?isms?
Gandhism
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Casual Research
?To determine the cause and effect
relationship between the two variable
Eg: effect of advertisement on sales.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Historical Research
?Study of past records and data's
Eg: value of shares of company is predicted on
the historical research
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Ex-post facto Research/ Empirical
?Examination of relationship that exists
between independent and dependent
variable
Eg: what has happened because of
what is happening because of
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Action research
?Research is done directly by action
?Geographical location is identified
?Samples are selected
?Response is collected
Eg: test marketing
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Evaluation Research
?It is an applied research.
?It is conducted to find out how well planned
programmes are implemented
Eg: ?Success of Midday Meal Programme?
? Swatch Bharat Abhiyan?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Library Research
?It is done to gather secondary data
Eg: consumption of soft drinks with
socioeconomic character ? age, family, income
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Process of Research
1.Defining the research problem and reviewing the
literature
2.Formulation of hypothesis
3.Research Design
4.Collecting data
5.Analysing data and testing hypothesis
6.Preparation of report and preliminary analysis
7.Interpreting and reporting the findings
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Research Process
1. Problem formulation
2. Method of inquiry
3. Research method
4. Research design
5. Select data collection techniques(s)
6. Sample design
7. Data collection
8. Analysis and Interpretation
9. Findings, conclusions and recommendations.
10. Research report
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
1.Defining Research Problem
? Converting Management problem into Research problem
? M P : want to increase sales of product A
? R P : what is the current the sale of product A
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
1.Defining Research Problem
? Followings to be considered
? 1 Determine the objective of the study
? 2.Consider various Environmental Forces
Purchasing habits, competitors, brand image, price, size of
market and target customers
? 3.Nature of the problem
Brand image, not buying, why to competitors product? Right target
audience?
? 4.Stating the alternatives
Developing hypothesis
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
1.Defining Research Problem
? Reviewing the literature
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
2. Formulation of Hypothesis
? A hypothesis is a proposition ? a tentative
assumption which a researcher wants to test for
its logical or empirical consequences.
? Eg.
? To increase the sales whether to introduce Sachet?
? Hypothesis: The acceptance of Sachet by customers will
increase the sales by 20%
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Research Methods
14MBA23
Module 1
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Objectives of Course
? To provide an understanding on the basic
concepts of research methods.
? To expose the students to the role that research
plays in business decisions.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Meaning
? Research in common man?s language refers to
? Search for knowledge?
? Research is an art of scientific investigation.
? It is also a systematic design, collection, analysis
and the reporting the findings ad solution for the
problems of business
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? Systematic approach towards purposeful
investigation.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? According to Robert Ross, ?research is essentially
an investigation, a recording and an analysis of
evidence for the purpose of gaining knowledge.?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Good research
? Objectivity : must answer research
question
? Control : all variables ? data, sampling
? Generalisability : same result with
identical method
? Free from personal bias :
? Systematic :
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Research
? Is essentially an investigation
? Is related with the solution of a problem
? It is based on observation or experimental evidences.
? It demands accurate observation or experimentation.
? In research, the researchers try to find out answers for
unsolved questions
? It should be carefully recorded and reported
Types of Research
? Grouped under two categories
? 1Fundamental research
?The science of psychology
? 2Applied research
?Apply the psychology
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?At beginning when the problem is not
cleared
Eg: sales decline in a company may be due to
inefficient service
price
promotion
quality
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?Expert surveys, focus groups, case studies
and observation methods.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Descriptive Research
?It is fact finding investigation.
?Describes the state of view as it exists at
present
?It does not establish cause and relationship
Eg: consumption of soft drinks with
socioeconomic character ? age, family, income
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Applied research
? Deals with real life situation
? Aims at finding immediate solutions to
problems.
? Eg: why the sales decreased during last quarter.
? Use of fibre body for cars instead of metal.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Pure/ Fundamental or basic
?Gathering knowledge
Eg: theory of relativity by Einstein
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Conceptual Research
?It is generally used by philosophers..
?It is related to some abstract idea or theory
Eg: ideology of ?isms?
Gandhism
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Casual Research
?To determine the cause and effect
relationship between the two variable
Eg: effect of advertisement on sales.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Historical Research
?Study of past records and data's
Eg: value of shares of company is predicted on
the historical research
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Ex-post facto Research/ Empirical
?Examination of relationship that exists
between independent and dependent
variable
Eg: what has happened because of
what is happening because of
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Action research
?Research is done directly by action
?Geographical location is identified
?Samples are selected
?Response is collected
Eg: test marketing
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Evaluation Research
?It is an applied research.
?It is conducted to find out how well planned
programmes are implemented
Eg: ?Success of Midday Meal Programme?
? Swatch Bharat Abhiyan?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Library Research
?It is done to gather secondary data
Eg: consumption of soft drinks with
socioeconomic character ? age, family, income
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Process of Research
1.Defining the research problem and reviewing the
literature
2.Formulation of hypothesis
3.Research Design
4.Collecting data
5.Analysing data and testing hypothesis
6.Preparation of report and preliminary analysis
7.Interpreting and reporting the findings
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Research Process
1. Problem formulation
2. Method of inquiry
3. Research method
4. Research design
5. Select data collection techniques(s)
6. Sample design
7. Data collection
8. Analysis and Interpretation
9. Findings, conclusions and recommendations.
10. Research report
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
1.Defining Research Problem
? Converting Management problem into Research problem
? M P : want to increase sales of product A
? R P : what is the current the sale of product A
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
1.Defining Research Problem
? Followings to be considered
? 1 Determine the objective of the study
? 2.Consider various Environmental Forces
Purchasing habits, competitors, brand image, price, size of
market and target customers
? 3.Nature of the problem
Brand image, not buying, why to competitors product? Right target
audience?
? 4.Stating the alternatives
Developing hypothesis
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
1.Defining Research Problem
? Reviewing the literature
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
2. Formulation of Hypothesis
? A hypothesis is a proposition ? a tentative
assumption which a researcher wants to test for
its logical or empirical consequences.
? Eg.
? To increase the sales whether to introduce Sachet?
? Hypothesis: The acceptance of Sachet by customers will
increase the sales by 20%
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Formulating Hypothesis
? Hypothesis are generally concerned with the case of a certain
phenomenon or a relationship between two or more variables
? We make certain assumptions to about the parameter to be
tested- these assumptions are known as Hypothesis
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Research Methods
14MBA23
Module 1
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Objectives of Course
? To provide an understanding on the basic
concepts of research methods.
? To expose the students to the role that research
plays in business decisions.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Meaning
? Research in common man?s language refers to
? Search for knowledge?
? Research is an art of scientific investigation.
? It is also a systematic design, collection, analysis
and the reporting the findings ad solution for the
problems of business
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? Systematic approach towards purposeful
investigation.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? According to Robert Ross, ?research is essentially
an investigation, a recording and an analysis of
evidence for the purpose of gaining knowledge.?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Good research
? Objectivity : must answer research
question
? Control : all variables ? data, sampling
? Generalisability : same result with
identical method
? Free from personal bias :
? Systematic :
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Research
? Is essentially an investigation
? Is related with the solution of a problem
? It is based on observation or experimental evidences.
? It demands accurate observation or experimentation.
? In research, the researchers try to find out answers for
unsolved questions
? It should be carefully recorded and reported
Types of Research
? Grouped under two categories
? 1Fundamental research
?The science of psychology
? 2Applied research
?Apply the psychology
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?At beginning when the problem is not
cleared
Eg: sales decline in a company may be due to
inefficient service
price
promotion
quality
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?Expert surveys, focus groups, case studies
and observation methods.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Descriptive Research
?It is fact finding investigation.
?Describes the state of view as it exists at
present
?It does not establish cause and relationship
Eg: consumption of soft drinks with
socioeconomic character ? age, family, income
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Applied research
? Deals with real life situation
? Aims at finding immediate solutions to
problems.
? Eg: why the sales decreased during last quarter.
? Use of fibre body for cars instead of metal.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Pure/ Fundamental or basic
?Gathering knowledge
Eg: theory of relativity by Einstein
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Conceptual Research
?It is generally used by philosophers..
?It is related to some abstract idea or theory
Eg: ideology of ?isms?
Gandhism
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Casual Research
?To determine the cause and effect
relationship between the two variable
Eg: effect of advertisement on sales.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Historical Research
?Study of past records and data's
Eg: value of shares of company is predicted on
the historical research
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Ex-post facto Research/ Empirical
?Examination of relationship that exists
between independent and dependent
variable
Eg: what has happened because of
what is happening because of
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Action research
?Research is done directly by action
?Geographical location is identified
?Samples are selected
?Response is collected
Eg: test marketing
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Evaluation Research
?It is an applied research.
?It is conducted to find out how well planned
programmes are implemented
Eg: ?Success of Midday Meal Programme?
? Swatch Bharat Abhiyan?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Library Research
?It is done to gather secondary data
Eg: consumption of soft drinks with
socioeconomic character ? age, family, income
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Process of Research
1.Defining the research problem and reviewing the
literature
2.Formulation of hypothesis
3.Research Design
4.Collecting data
5.Analysing data and testing hypothesis
6.Preparation of report and preliminary analysis
7.Interpreting and reporting the findings
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Research Process
1. Problem formulation
2. Method of inquiry
3. Research method
4. Research design
5. Select data collection techniques(s)
6. Sample design
7. Data collection
8. Analysis and Interpretation
9. Findings, conclusions and recommendations.
10. Research report
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
1.Defining Research Problem
? Converting Management problem into Research problem
? M P : want to increase sales of product A
? R P : what is the current the sale of product A
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
1.Defining Research Problem
? Followings to be considered
? 1 Determine the objective of the study
? 2.Consider various Environmental Forces
Purchasing habits, competitors, brand image, price, size of
market and target customers
? 3.Nature of the problem
Brand image, not buying, why to competitors product? Right target
audience?
? 4.Stating the alternatives
Developing hypothesis
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
1.Defining Research Problem
? Reviewing the literature
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
2. Formulation of Hypothesis
? A hypothesis is a proposition ? a tentative
assumption which a researcher wants to test for
its logical or empirical consequences.
? Eg.
? To increase the sales whether to introduce Sachet?
? Hypothesis: The acceptance of Sachet by customers will
increase the sales by 20%
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Formulating Hypothesis
? Hypothesis are generally concerned with the case of a certain
phenomenon or a relationship between two or more variables
? We make certain assumptions to about the parameter to be
tested- these assumptions are known as Hypothesis
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Formulating Hypothesis
? Null Hypothesis Ho : introducing sachet will increase
sales by 20%
? This is tested against
? Alternative Hypothesis H 1 : introducing sachet will not
increase sales
? Decisions to be taken whether Null Hypothesis is to
Accept or Reject
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Research Methods
14MBA23
Module 1
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Objectives of Course
? To provide an understanding on the basic
concepts of research methods.
? To expose the students to the role that research
plays in business decisions.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Meaning
? Research in common man?s language refers to
? Search for knowledge?
? Research is an art of scientific investigation.
? It is also a systematic design, collection, analysis
and the reporting the findings ad solution for the
problems of business
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? Systematic approach towards purposeful
investigation.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? According to Robert Ross, ?research is essentially
an investigation, a recording and an analysis of
evidence for the purpose of gaining knowledge.?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Good research
? Objectivity : must answer research
question
? Control : all variables ? data, sampling
? Generalisability : same result with
identical method
? Free from personal bias :
? Systematic :
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Research
? Is essentially an investigation
? Is related with the solution of a problem
? It is based on observation or experimental evidences.
? It demands accurate observation or experimentation.
? In research, the researchers try to find out answers for
unsolved questions
? It should be carefully recorded and reported
Types of Research
? Grouped under two categories
? 1Fundamental research
?The science of psychology
? 2Applied research
?Apply the psychology
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?At beginning when the problem is not
cleared
Eg: sales decline in a company may be due to
inefficient service
price
promotion
quality
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?Expert surveys, focus groups, case studies
and observation methods.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Descriptive Research
?It is fact finding investigation.
?Describes the state of view as it exists at
present
?It does not establish cause and relationship
Eg: consumption of soft drinks with
socioeconomic character ? age, family, income
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Applied research
? Deals with real life situation
? Aims at finding immediate solutions to
problems.
? Eg: why the sales decreased during last quarter.
? Use of fibre body for cars instead of metal.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Pure/ Fundamental or basic
?Gathering knowledge
Eg: theory of relativity by Einstein
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Conceptual Research
?It is generally used by philosophers..
?It is related to some abstract idea or theory
Eg: ideology of ?isms?
Gandhism
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Casual Research
?To determine the cause and effect
relationship between the two variable
Eg: effect of advertisement on sales.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Historical Research
?Study of past records and data's
Eg: value of shares of company is predicted on
the historical research
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Ex-post facto Research/ Empirical
?Examination of relationship that exists
between independent and dependent
variable
Eg: what has happened because of
what is happening because of
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Action research
?Research is done directly by action
?Geographical location is identified
?Samples are selected
?Response is collected
Eg: test marketing
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Evaluation Research
?It is an applied research.
?It is conducted to find out how well planned
programmes are implemented
Eg: ?Success of Midday Meal Programme?
? Swatch Bharat Abhiyan?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Library Research
?It is done to gather secondary data
Eg: consumption of soft drinks with
socioeconomic character ? age, family, income
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Process of Research
1.Defining the research problem and reviewing the
literature
2.Formulation of hypothesis
3.Research Design
4.Collecting data
5.Analysing data and testing hypothesis
6.Preparation of report and preliminary analysis
7.Interpreting and reporting the findings
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Research Process
1. Problem formulation
2. Method of inquiry
3. Research method
4. Research design
5. Select data collection techniques(s)
6. Sample design
7. Data collection
8. Analysis and Interpretation
9. Findings, conclusions and recommendations.
10. Research report
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
1.Defining Research Problem
? Converting Management problem into Research problem
? M P : want to increase sales of product A
? R P : what is the current the sale of product A
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
1.Defining Research Problem
? Followings to be considered
? 1 Determine the objective of the study
? 2.Consider various Environmental Forces
Purchasing habits, competitors, brand image, price, size of
market and target customers
? 3.Nature of the problem
Brand image, not buying, why to competitors product? Right target
audience?
? 4.Stating the alternatives
Developing hypothesis
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
1.Defining Research Problem
? Reviewing the literature
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
2. Formulation of Hypothesis
? A hypothesis is a proposition ? a tentative
assumption which a researcher wants to test for
its logical or empirical consequences.
? Eg.
? To increase the sales whether to introduce Sachet?
? Hypothesis: The acceptance of Sachet by customers will
increase the sales by 20%
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Formulating Hypothesis
? Hypothesis are generally concerned with the case of a certain
phenomenon or a relationship between two or more variables
? We make certain assumptions to about the parameter to be
tested- these assumptions are known as Hypothesis
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Formulating Hypothesis
? Null Hypothesis Ho : introducing sachet will increase
sales by 20%
? This is tested against
? Alternative Hypothesis H 1 : introducing sachet will not
increase sales
? Decisions to be taken whether Null Hypothesis is to
Accept or Reject
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
? Error 1
? Rejecting the null hypothesis when the fact is true
? Error 2
? Accepting the null hypothesis when the fact is not true
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Research Methods
14MBA23
Module 1
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Objectives of Course
? To provide an understanding on the basic
concepts of research methods.
? To expose the students to the role that research
plays in business decisions.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Meaning
? Research in common man?s language refers to
? Search for knowledge?
? Research is an art of scientific investigation.
? It is also a systematic design, collection, analysis
and the reporting the findings ad solution for the
problems of business
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? Systematic approach towards purposeful
investigation.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? According to Robert Ross, ?research is essentially
an investigation, a recording and an analysis of
evidence for the purpose of gaining knowledge.?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Good research
? Objectivity : must answer research
question
? Control : all variables ? data, sampling
? Generalisability : same result with
identical method
? Free from personal bias :
? Systematic :
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Research
? Is essentially an investigation
? Is related with the solution of a problem
? It is based on observation or experimental evidences.
? It demands accurate observation or experimentation.
? In research, the researchers try to find out answers for
unsolved questions
? It should be carefully recorded and reported
Types of Research
? Grouped under two categories
? 1Fundamental research
?The science of psychology
? 2Applied research
?Apply the psychology
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?At beginning when the problem is not
cleared
Eg: sales decline in a company may be due to
inefficient service
price
promotion
quality
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?Expert surveys, focus groups, case studies
and observation methods.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Descriptive Research
?It is fact finding investigation.
?Describes the state of view as it exists at
present
?It does not establish cause and relationship
Eg: consumption of soft drinks with
socioeconomic character ? age, family, income
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Applied research
? Deals with real life situation
? Aims at finding immediate solutions to
problems.
? Eg: why the sales decreased during last quarter.
? Use of fibre body for cars instead of metal.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Pure/ Fundamental or basic
?Gathering knowledge
Eg: theory of relativity by Einstein
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Conceptual Research
?It is generally used by philosophers..
?It is related to some abstract idea or theory
Eg: ideology of ?isms?
Gandhism
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Casual Research
?To determine the cause and effect
relationship between the two variable
Eg: effect of advertisement on sales.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Historical Research
?Study of past records and data's
Eg: value of shares of company is predicted on
the historical research
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Ex-post facto Research/ Empirical
?Examination of relationship that exists
between independent and dependent
variable
Eg: what has happened because of
what is happening because of
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Action research
?Research is done directly by action
?Geographical location is identified
?Samples are selected
?Response is collected
Eg: test marketing
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Evaluation Research
?It is an applied research.
?It is conducted to find out how well planned
programmes are implemented
Eg: ?Success of Midday Meal Programme?
? Swatch Bharat Abhiyan?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Library Research
?It is done to gather secondary data
Eg: consumption of soft drinks with
socioeconomic character ? age, family, income
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Process of Research
1.Defining the research problem and reviewing the
literature
2.Formulation of hypothesis
3.Research Design
4.Collecting data
5.Analysing data and testing hypothesis
6.Preparation of report and preliminary analysis
7.Interpreting and reporting the findings
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Research Process
1. Problem formulation
2. Method of inquiry
3. Research method
4. Research design
5. Select data collection techniques(s)
6. Sample design
7. Data collection
8. Analysis and Interpretation
9. Findings, conclusions and recommendations.
10. Research report
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
1.Defining Research Problem
? Converting Management problem into Research problem
? M P : want to increase sales of product A
? R P : what is the current the sale of product A
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
1.Defining Research Problem
? Followings to be considered
? 1 Determine the objective of the study
? 2.Consider various Environmental Forces
Purchasing habits, competitors, brand image, price, size of
market and target customers
? 3.Nature of the problem
Brand image, not buying, why to competitors product? Right target
audience?
? 4.Stating the alternatives
Developing hypothesis
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
1.Defining Research Problem
? Reviewing the literature
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
2. Formulation of Hypothesis
? A hypothesis is a proposition ? a tentative
assumption which a researcher wants to test for
its logical or empirical consequences.
? Eg.
? To increase the sales whether to introduce Sachet?
? Hypothesis: The acceptance of Sachet by customers will
increase the sales by 20%
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Formulating Hypothesis
? Hypothesis are generally concerned with the case of a certain
phenomenon or a relationship between two or more variables
? We make certain assumptions to about the parameter to be
tested- these assumptions are known as Hypothesis
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Formulating Hypothesis
? Null Hypothesis Ho : introducing sachet will increase
sales by 20%
? This is tested against
? Alternative Hypothesis H 1 : introducing sachet will not
increase sales
? Decisions to be taken whether Null Hypothesis is to
Accept or Reject
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
? Error 1
? Rejecting the null hypothesis when the fact is true
? Error 2
? Accepting the null hypothesis when the fact is not true
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
2. Method of Inquiry
? Qualitative ? subjectivity: This is used to analyze
those data which cannot be quantified. It is used
in exploratory research. Respondents are very
small compare to quantitative research.
? Quantitative ? objectivity : major of the numerical
data.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Research Methods
14MBA23
Module 1
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Objectives of Course
? To provide an understanding on the basic
concepts of research methods.
? To expose the students to the role that research
plays in business decisions.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Meaning
? Research in common man?s language refers to
? Search for knowledge?
? Research is an art of scientific investigation.
? It is also a systematic design, collection, analysis
and the reporting the findings ad solution for the
problems of business
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? Systematic approach towards purposeful
investigation.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? According to Robert Ross, ?research is essentially
an investigation, a recording and an analysis of
evidence for the purpose of gaining knowledge.?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Good research
? Objectivity : must answer research
question
? Control : all variables ? data, sampling
? Generalisability : same result with
identical method
? Free from personal bias :
? Systematic :
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Research
? Is essentially an investigation
? Is related with the solution of a problem
? It is based on observation or experimental evidences.
? It demands accurate observation or experimentation.
? In research, the researchers try to find out answers for
unsolved questions
? It should be carefully recorded and reported
Types of Research
? Grouped under two categories
? 1Fundamental research
?The science of psychology
? 2Applied research
?Apply the psychology
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?At beginning when the problem is not
cleared
Eg: sales decline in a company may be due to
inefficient service
price
promotion
quality
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?Expert surveys, focus groups, case studies
and observation methods.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Descriptive Research
?It is fact finding investigation.
?Describes the state of view as it exists at
present
?It does not establish cause and relationship
Eg: consumption of soft drinks with
socioeconomic character ? age, family, income
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Applied research
? Deals with real life situation
? Aims at finding immediate solutions to
problems.
? Eg: why the sales decreased during last quarter.
? Use of fibre body for cars instead of metal.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Pure/ Fundamental or basic
?Gathering knowledge
Eg: theory of relativity by Einstein
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Conceptual Research
?It is generally used by philosophers..
?It is related to some abstract idea or theory
Eg: ideology of ?isms?
Gandhism
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Casual Research
?To determine the cause and effect
relationship between the two variable
Eg: effect of advertisement on sales.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Historical Research
?Study of past records and data's
Eg: value of shares of company is predicted on
the historical research
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Ex-post facto Research/ Empirical
?Examination of relationship that exists
between independent and dependent
variable
Eg: what has happened because of
what is happening because of
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Action research
?Research is done directly by action
?Geographical location is identified
?Samples are selected
?Response is collected
Eg: test marketing
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Evaluation Research
?It is an applied research.
?It is conducted to find out how well planned
programmes are implemented
Eg: ?Success of Midday Meal Programme?
? Swatch Bharat Abhiyan?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Library Research
?It is done to gather secondary data
Eg: consumption of soft drinks with
socioeconomic character ? age, family, income
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Process of Research
1.Defining the research problem and reviewing the
literature
2.Formulation of hypothesis
3.Research Design
4.Collecting data
5.Analysing data and testing hypothesis
6.Preparation of report and preliminary analysis
7.Interpreting and reporting the findings
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Research Process
1. Problem formulation
2. Method of inquiry
3. Research method
4. Research design
5. Select data collection techniques(s)
6. Sample design
7. Data collection
8. Analysis and Interpretation
9. Findings, conclusions and recommendations.
10. Research report
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
1.Defining Research Problem
? Converting Management problem into Research problem
? M P : want to increase sales of product A
? R P : what is the current the sale of product A
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
1.Defining Research Problem
? Followings to be considered
? 1 Determine the objective of the study
? 2.Consider various Environmental Forces
Purchasing habits, competitors, brand image, price, size of
market and target customers
? 3.Nature of the problem
Brand image, not buying, why to competitors product? Right target
audience?
? 4.Stating the alternatives
Developing hypothesis
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
1.Defining Research Problem
? Reviewing the literature
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
2. Formulation of Hypothesis
? A hypothesis is a proposition ? a tentative
assumption which a researcher wants to test for
its logical or empirical consequences.
? Eg.
? To increase the sales whether to introduce Sachet?
? Hypothesis: The acceptance of Sachet by customers will
increase the sales by 20%
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Formulating Hypothesis
? Hypothesis are generally concerned with the case of a certain
phenomenon or a relationship between two or more variables
? We make certain assumptions to about the parameter to be
tested- these assumptions are known as Hypothesis
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Formulating Hypothesis
? Null Hypothesis Ho : introducing sachet will increase
sales by 20%
? This is tested against
? Alternative Hypothesis H 1 : introducing sachet will not
increase sales
? Decisions to be taken whether Null Hypothesis is to
Accept or Reject
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
? Error 1
? Rejecting the null hypothesis when the fact is true
? Error 2
? Accepting the null hypothesis when the fact is not true
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
2. Method of Inquiry
? Qualitative ? subjectivity: This is used to analyze
those data which cannot be quantified. It is used
in exploratory research. Respondents are very
small compare to quantitative research.
? Quantitative ? objectivity : major of the numerical
data.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
3. Research Method
? Experimental :
extraneous variables are controlled
Eg: Which print advertisement is more effective?
Is it the front page, Middle page or the last page ?
? Non Experimental:
cannot control extraneous variables
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Research Methods
14MBA23
Module 1
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Objectives of Course
? To provide an understanding on the basic
concepts of research methods.
? To expose the students to the role that research
plays in business decisions.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Meaning
? Research in common man?s language refers to
? Search for knowledge?
? Research is an art of scientific investigation.
? It is also a systematic design, collection, analysis
and the reporting the findings ad solution for the
problems of business
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? Systematic approach towards purposeful
investigation.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? According to Robert Ross, ?research is essentially
an investigation, a recording and an analysis of
evidence for the purpose of gaining knowledge.?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Good research
? Objectivity : must answer research
question
? Control : all variables ? data, sampling
? Generalisability : same result with
identical method
? Free from personal bias :
? Systematic :
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Research
? Is essentially an investigation
? Is related with the solution of a problem
? It is based on observation or experimental evidences.
? It demands accurate observation or experimentation.
? In research, the researchers try to find out answers for
unsolved questions
? It should be carefully recorded and reported
Types of Research
? Grouped under two categories
? 1Fundamental research
?The science of psychology
? 2Applied research
?Apply the psychology
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?At beginning when the problem is not
cleared
Eg: sales decline in a company may be due to
inefficient service
price
promotion
quality
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?Expert surveys, focus groups, case studies
and observation methods.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Descriptive Research
?It is fact finding investigation.
?Describes the state of view as it exists at
present
?It does not establish cause and relationship
Eg: consumption of soft drinks with
socioeconomic character ? age, family, income
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Applied research
? Deals with real life situation
? Aims at finding immediate solutions to
problems.
? Eg: why the sales decreased during last quarter.
? Use of fibre body for cars instead of metal.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Pure/ Fundamental or basic
?Gathering knowledge
Eg: theory of relativity by Einstein
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Conceptual Research
?It is generally used by philosophers..
?It is related to some abstract idea or theory
Eg: ideology of ?isms?
Gandhism
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Casual Research
?To determine the cause and effect
relationship between the two variable
Eg: effect of advertisement on sales.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Historical Research
?Study of past records and data's
Eg: value of shares of company is predicted on
the historical research
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Ex-post facto Research/ Empirical
?Examination of relationship that exists
between independent and dependent
variable
Eg: what has happened because of
what is happening because of
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Action research
?Research is done directly by action
?Geographical location is identified
?Samples are selected
?Response is collected
Eg: test marketing
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Evaluation Research
?It is an applied research.
?It is conducted to find out how well planned
programmes are implemented
Eg: ?Success of Midday Meal Programme?
? Swatch Bharat Abhiyan?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Library Research
?It is done to gather secondary data
Eg: consumption of soft drinks with
socioeconomic character ? age, family, income
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Process of Research
1.Defining the research problem and reviewing the
literature
2.Formulation of hypothesis
3.Research Design
4.Collecting data
5.Analysing data and testing hypothesis
6.Preparation of report and preliminary analysis
7.Interpreting and reporting the findings
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Research Process
1. Problem formulation
2. Method of inquiry
3. Research method
4. Research design
5. Select data collection techniques(s)
6. Sample design
7. Data collection
8. Analysis and Interpretation
9. Findings, conclusions and recommendations.
10. Research report
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
1.Defining Research Problem
? Converting Management problem into Research problem
? M P : want to increase sales of product A
? R P : what is the current the sale of product A
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
1.Defining Research Problem
? Followings to be considered
? 1 Determine the objective of the study
? 2.Consider various Environmental Forces
Purchasing habits, competitors, brand image, price, size of
market and target customers
? 3.Nature of the problem
Brand image, not buying, why to competitors product? Right target
audience?
? 4.Stating the alternatives
Developing hypothesis
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
1.Defining Research Problem
? Reviewing the literature
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
2. Formulation of Hypothesis
? A hypothesis is a proposition ? a tentative
assumption which a researcher wants to test for
its logical or empirical consequences.
? Eg.
? To increase the sales whether to introduce Sachet?
? Hypothesis: The acceptance of Sachet by customers will
increase the sales by 20%
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Formulating Hypothesis
? Hypothesis are generally concerned with the case of a certain
phenomenon or a relationship between two or more variables
? We make certain assumptions to about the parameter to be
tested- these assumptions are known as Hypothesis
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Formulating Hypothesis
? Null Hypothesis Ho : introducing sachet will increase
sales by 20%
? This is tested against
? Alternative Hypothesis H 1 : introducing sachet will not
increase sales
? Decisions to be taken whether Null Hypothesis is to
Accept or Reject
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
? Error 1
? Rejecting the null hypothesis when the fact is true
? Error 2
? Accepting the null hypothesis when the fact is not true
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
2. Method of Inquiry
? Qualitative ? subjectivity: This is used to analyze
those data which cannot be quantified. It is used
in exploratory research. Respondents are very
small compare to quantitative research.
? Quantitative ? objectivity : major of the numerical
data.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
3. Research Method
? Experimental :
extraneous variables are controlled
Eg: Which print advertisement is more effective?
Is it the front page, Middle page or the last page ?
? Non Experimental:
cannot control extraneous variables
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
4. Research Design
?Specific methods and procedures for acquiring the
Information needed?
Based on research method, research design works
Exploratory ? identification of problem
Descriptive ? describes characteristics or features
Causal- predictive, reasons why, relationship
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Research Methods
14MBA23
Module 1
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Objectives of Course
? To provide an understanding on the basic
concepts of research methods.
? To expose the students to the role that research
plays in business decisions.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Meaning
? Research in common man?s language refers to
? Search for knowledge?
? Research is an art of scientific investigation.
? It is also a systematic design, collection, analysis
and the reporting the findings ad solution for the
problems of business
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? Systematic approach towards purposeful
investigation.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? According to Robert Ross, ?research is essentially
an investigation, a recording and an analysis of
evidence for the purpose of gaining knowledge.?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Good research
? Objectivity : must answer research
question
? Control : all variables ? data, sampling
? Generalisability : same result with
identical method
? Free from personal bias :
? Systematic :
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Research
? Is essentially an investigation
? Is related with the solution of a problem
? It is based on observation or experimental evidences.
? It demands accurate observation or experimentation.
? In research, the researchers try to find out answers for
unsolved questions
? It should be carefully recorded and reported
Types of Research
? Grouped under two categories
? 1Fundamental research
?The science of psychology
? 2Applied research
?Apply the psychology
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?At beginning when the problem is not
cleared
Eg: sales decline in a company may be due to
inefficient service
price
promotion
quality
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?Expert surveys, focus groups, case studies
and observation methods.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Descriptive Research
?It is fact finding investigation.
?Describes the state of view as it exists at
present
?It does not establish cause and relationship
Eg: consumption of soft drinks with
socioeconomic character ? age, family, income
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Applied research
? Deals with real life situation
? Aims at finding immediate solutions to
problems.
? Eg: why the sales decreased during last quarter.
? Use of fibre body for cars instead of metal.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Pure/ Fundamental or basic
?Gathering knowledge
Eg: theory of relativity by Einstein
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Conceptual Research
?It is generally used by philosophers..
?It is related to some abstract idea or theory
Eg: ideology of ?isms?
Gandhism
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Casual Research
?To determine the cause and effect
relationship between the two variable
Eg: effect of advertisement on sales.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Historical Research
?Study of past records and data's
Eg: value of shares of company is predicted on
the historical research
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Ex-post facto Research/ Empirical
?Examination of relationship that exists
between independent and dependent
variable
Eg: what has happened because of
what is happening because of
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Action research
?Research is done directly by action
?Geographical location is identified
?Samples are selected
?Response is collected
Eg: test marketing
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Evaluation Research
?It is an applied research.
?It is conducted to find out how well planned
programmes are implemented
Eg: ?Success of Midday Meal Programme?
? Swatch Bharat Abhiyan?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Library Research
?It is done to gather secondary data
Eg: consumption of soft drinks with
socioeconomic character ? age, family, income
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Process of Research
1.Defining the research problem and reviewing the
literature
2.Formulation of hypothesis
3.Research Design
4.Collecting data
5.Analysing data and testing hypothesis
6.Preparation of report and preliminary analysis
7.Interpreting and reporting the findings
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Research Process
1. Problem formulation
2. Method of inquiry
3. Research method
4. Research design
5. Select data collection techniques(s)
6. Sample design
7. Data collection
8. Analysis and Interpretation
9. Findings, conclusions and recommendations.
10. Research report
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
1.Defining Research Problem
? Converting Management problem into Research problem
? M P : want to increase sales of product A
? R P : what is the current the sale of product A
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
1.Defining Research Problem
? Followings to be considered
? 1 Determine the objective of the study
? 2.Consider various Environmental Forces
Purchasing habits, competitors, brand image, price, size of
market and target customers
? 3.Nature of the problem
Brand image, not buying, why to competitors product? Right target
audience?
? 4.Stating the alternatives
Developing hypothesis
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
1.Defining Research Problem
? Reviewing the literature
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
2. Formulation of Hypothesis
? A hypothesis is a proposition ? a tentative
assumption which a researcher wants to test for
its logical or empirical consequences.
? Eg.
? To increase the sales whether to introduce Sachet?
? Hypothesis: The acceptance of Sachet by customers will
increase the sales by 20%
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Formulating Hypothesis
? Hypothesis are generally concerned with the case of a certain
phenomenon or a relationship between two or more variables
? We make certain assumptions to about the parameter to be
tested- these assumptions are known as Hypothesis
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Formulating Hypothesis
? Null Hypothesis Ho : introducing sachet will increase
sales by 20%
? This is tested against
? Alternative Hypothesis H 1 : introducing sachet will not
increase sales
? Decisions to be taken whether Null Hypothesis is to
Accept or Reject
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
? Error 1
? Rejecting the null hypothesis when the fact is true
? Error 2
? Accepting the null hypothesis when the fact is not true
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
2. Method of Inquiry
? Qualitative ? subjectivity: This is used to analyze
those data which cannot be quantified. It is used
in exploratory research. Respondents are very
small compare to quantitative research.
? Quantitative ? objectivity : major of the numerical
data.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
3. Research Method
? Experimental :
extraneous variables are controlled
Eg: Which print advertisement is more effective?
Is it the front page, Middle page or the last page ?
? Non Experimental:
cannot control extraneous variables
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
4. Research Design
?Specific methods and procedures for acquiring the
Information needed?
Based on research method, research design works
Exploratory ? identification of problem
Descriptive ? describes characteristics or features
Causal- predictive, reasons why, relationship
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
5. Data collection Techniques
? What data to collect?
? How to collect the data?
Secondary:
Primary:
? Communication ? questionnaires, techniques
? Observation
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Research Methods
14MBA23
Module 1
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Objectives of Course
? To provide an understanding on the basic
concepts of research methods.
? To expose the students to the role that research
plays in business decisions.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Meaning
? Research in common man?s language refers to
? Search for knowledge?
? Research is an art of scientific investigation.
? It is also a systematic design, collection, analysis
and the reporting the findings ad solution for the
problems of business
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? Systematic approach towards purposeful
investigation.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? According to Robert Ross, ?research is essentially
an investigation, a recording and an analysis of
evidence for the purpose of gaining knowledge.?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Good research
? Objectivity : must answer research
question
? Control : all variables ? data, sampling
? Generalisability : same result with
identical method
? Free from personal bias :
? Systematic :
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Research
? Is essentially an investigation
? Is related with the solution of a problem
? It is based on observation or experimental evidences.
? It demands accurate observation or experimentation.
? In research, the researchers try to find out answers for
unsolved questions
? It should be carefully recorded and reported
Types of Research
? Grouped under two categories
? 1Fundamental research
?The science of psychology
? 2Applied research
?Apply the psychology
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?At beginning when the problem is not
cleared
Eg: sales decline in a company may be due to
inefficient service
price
promotion
quality
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?Expert surveys, focus groups, case studies
and observation methods.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Descriptive Research
?It is fact finding investigation.
?Describes the state of view as it exists at
present
?It does not establish cause and relationship
Eg: consumption of soft drinks with
socioeconomic character ? age, family, income
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Applied research
? Deals with real life situation
? Aims at finding immediate solutions to
problems.
? Eg: why the sales decreased during last quarter.
? Use of fibre body for cars instead of metal.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Pure/ Fundamental or basic
?Gathering knowledge
Eg: theory of relativity by Einstein
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Conceptual Research
?It is generally used by philosophers..
?It is related to some abstract idea or theory
Eg: ideology of ?isms?
Gandhism
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Casual Research
?To determine the cause and effect
relationship between the two variable
Eg: effect of advertisement on sales.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Historical Research
?Study of past records and data's
Eg: value of shares of company is predicted on
the historical research
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Ex-post facto Research/ Empirical
?Examination of relationship that exists
between independent and dependent
variable
Eg: what has happened because of
what is happening because of
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Action research
?Research is done directly by action
?Geographical location is identified
?Samples are selected
?Response is collected
Eg: test marketing
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Evaluation Research
?It is an applied research.
?It is conducted to find out how well planned
programmes are implemented
Eg: ?Success of Midday Meal Programme?
? Swatch Bharat Abhiyan?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Library Research
?It is done to gather secondary data
Eg: consumption of soft drinks with
socioeconomic character ? age, family, income
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Process of Research
1.Defining the research problem and reviewing the
literature
2.Formulation of hypothesis
3.Research Design
4.Collecting data
5.Analysing data and testing hypothesis
6.Preparation of report and preliminary analysis
7.Interpreting and reporting the findings
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Research Process
1. Problem formulation
2. Method of inquiry
3. Research method
4. Research design
5. Select data collection techniques(s)
6. Sample design
7. Data collection
8. Analysis and Interpretation
9. Findings, conclusions and recommendations.
10. Research report
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
1.Defining Research Problem
? Converting Management problem into Research problem
? M P : want to increase sales of product A
? R P : what is the current the sale of product A
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
1.Defining Research Problem
? Followings to be considered
? 1 Determine the objective of the study
? 2.Consider various Environmental Forces
Purchasing habits, competitors, brand image, price, size of
market and target customers
? 3.Nature of the problem
Brand image, not buying, why to competitors product? Right target
audience?
? 4.Stating the alternatives
Developing hypothesis
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
1.Defining Research Problem
? Reviewing the literature
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
2. Formulation of Hypothesis
? A hypothesis is a proposition ? a tentative
assumption which a researcher wants to test for
its logical or empirical consequences.
? Eg.
? To increase the sales whether to introduce Sachet?
? Hypothesis: The acceptance of Sachet by customers will
increase the sales by 20%
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Formulating Hypothesis
? Hypothesis are generally concerned with the case of a certain
phenomenon or a relationship between two or more variables
? We make certain assumptions to about the parameter to be
tested- these assumptions are known as Hypothesis
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Formulating Hypothesis
? Null Hypothesis Ho : introducing sachet will increase
sales by 20%
? This is tested against
? Alternative Hypothesis H 1 : introducing sachet will not
increase sales
? Decisions to be taken whether Null Hypothesis is to
Accept or Reject
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
? Error 1
? Rejecting the null hypothesis when the fact is true
? Error 2
? Accepting the null hypothesis when the fact is not true
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
2. Method of Inquiry
? Qualitative ? subjectivity: This is used to analyze
those data which cannot be quantified. It is used
in exploratory research. Respondents are very
small compare to quantitative research.
? Quantitative ? objectivity : major of the numerical
data.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
3. Research Method
? Experimental :
extraneous variables are controlled
Eg: Which print advertisement is more effective?
Is it the front page, Middle page or the last page ?
? Non Experimental:
cannot control extraneous variables
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
4. Research Design
?Specific methods and procedures for acquiring the
Information needed?
Based on research method, research design works
Exploratory ? identification of problem
Descriptive ? describes characteristics or features
Causal- predictive, reasons why, relationship
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
5. Data collection Techniques
? What data to collect?
? How to collect the data?
Secondary:
Primary:
? Communication ? questionnaires, techniques
? Observation
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
6. Sample Design
? Where the sample is to be selected? - Consistency with
the population
? Process of selection ? Probability/Non probability
? Size of the sample ? n?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Research Methods
14MBA23
Module 1
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Objectives of Course
? To provide an understanding on the basic
concepts of research methods.
? To expose the students to the role that research
plays in business decisions.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Meaning
? Research in common man?s language refers to
? Search for knowledge?
? Research is an art of scientific investigation.
? It is also a systematic design, collection, analysis
and the reporting the findings ad solution for the
problems of business
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? Systematic approach towards purposeful
investigation.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? According to Robert Ross, ?research is essentially
an investigation, a recording and an analysis of
evidence for the purpose of gaining knowledge.?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Good research
? Objectivity : must answer research
question
? Control : all variables ? data, sampling
? Generalisability : same result with
identical method
? Free from personal bias :
? Systematic :
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Research
? Is essentially an investigation
? Is related with the solution of a problem
? It is based on observation or experimental evidences.
? It demands accurate observation or experimentation.
? In research, the researchers try to find out answers for
unsolved questions
? It should be carefully recorded and reported
Types of Research
? Grouped under two categories
? 1Fundamental research
?The science of psychology
? 2Applied research
?Apply the psychology
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?At beginning when the problem is not
cleared
Eg: sales decline in a company may be due to
inefficient service
price
promotion
quality
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?Expert surveys, focus groups, case studies
and observation methods.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Descriptive Research
?It is fact finding investigation.
?Describes the state of view as it exists at
present
?It does not establish cause and relationship
Eg: consumption of soft drinks with
socioeconomic character ? age, family, income
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Applied research
? Deals with real life situation
? Aims at finding immediate solutions to
problems.
? Eg: why the sales decreased during last quarter.
? Use of fibre body for cars instead of metal.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Pure/ Fundamental or basic
?Gathering knowledge
Eg: theory of relativity by Einstein
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Conceptual Research
?It is generally used by philosophers..
?It is related to some abstract idea or theory
Eg: ideology of ?isms?
Gandhism
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Casual Research
?To determine the cause and effect
relationship between the two variable
Eg: effect of advertisement on sales.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Historical Research
?Study of past records and data's
Eg: value of shares of company is predicted on
the historical research
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Ex-post facto Research/ Empirical
?Examination of relationship that exists
between independent and dependent
variable
Eg: what has happened because of
what is happening because of
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Action research
?Research is done directly by action
?Geographical location is identified
?Samples are selected
?Response is collected
Eg: test marketing
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Evaluation Research
?It is an applied research.
?It is conducted to find out how well planned
programmes are implemented
Eg: ?Success of Midday Meal Programme?
? Swatch Bharat Abhiyan?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Library Research
?It is done to gather secondary data
Eg: consumption of soft drinks with
socioeconomic character ? age, family, income
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Process of Research
1.Defining the research problem and reviewing the
literature
2.Formulation of hypothesis
3.Research Design
4.Collecting data
5.Analysing data and testing hypothesis
6.Preparation of report and preliminary analysis
7.Interpreting and reporting the findings
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Research Process
1. Problem formulation
2. Method of inquiry
3. Research method
4. Research design
5. Select data collection techniques(s)
6. Sample design
7. Data collection
8. Analysis and Interpretation
9. Findings, conclusions and recommendations.
10. Research report
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
1.Defining Research Problem
? Converting Management problem into Research problem
? M P : want to increase sales of product A
? R P : what is the current the sale of product A
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
1.Defining Research Problem
? Followings to be considered
? 1 Determine the objective of the study
? 2.Consider various Environmental Forces
Purchasing habits, competitors, brand image, price, size of
market and target customers
? 3.Nature of the problem
Brand image, not buying, why to competitors product? Right target
audience?
? 4.Stating the alternatives
Developing hypothesis
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
1.Defining Research Problem
? Reviewing the literature
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
2. Formulation of Hypothesis
? A hypothesis is a proposition ? a tentative
assumption which a researcher wants to test for
its logical or empirical consequences.
? Eg.
? To increase the sales whether to introduce Sachet?
? Hypothesis: The acceptance of Sachet by customers will
increase the sales by 20%
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Formulating Hypothesis
? Hypothesis are generally concerned with the case of a certain
phenomenon or a relationship between two or more variables
? We make certain assumptions to about the parameter to be
tested- these assumptions are known as Hypothesis
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Formulating Hypothesis
? Null Hypothesis Ho : introducing sachet will increase
sales by 20%
? This is tested against
? Alternative Hypothesis H 1 : introducing sachet will not
increase sales
? Decisions to be taken whether Null Hypothesis is to
Accept or Reject
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
? Error 1
? Rejecting the null hypothesis when the fact is true
? Error 2
? Accepting the null hypothesis when the fact is not true
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
2. Method of Inquiry
? Qualitative ? subjectivity: This is used to analyze
those data which cannot be quantified. It is used
in exploratory research. Respondents are very
small compare to quantitative research.
? Quantitative ? objectivity : major of the numerical
data.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
3. Research Method
? Experimental :
extraneous variables are controlled
Eg: Which print advertisement is more effective?
Is it the front page, Middle page or the last page ?
? Non Experimental:
cannot control extraneous variables
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
4. Research Design
?Specific methods and procedures for acquiring the
Information needed?
Based on research method, research design works
Exploratory ? identification of problem
Descriptive ? describes characteristics or features
Causal- predictive, reasons why, relationship
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
5. Data collection Techniques
? What data to collect?
? How to collect the data?
Secondary:
Primary:
? Communication ? questionnaires, techniques
? Observation
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
6. Sample Design
? Where the sample is to be selected? - Consistency with
the population
? Process of selection ? Probability/Non probability
? Size of the sample ? n?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
7. Analysis and Interpretation
? Descriptive statistical measures ? count,
percentage, proportion, mean, variance..etc
? Univariate Analysis:
- Z-test (n>30), t-test (n<=30),(for continuous)
- Chi-square goodness of fit test (for categorical data)
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Research Methods
14MBA23
Module 1
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Objectives of Course
? To provide an understanding on the basic
concepts of research methods.
? To expose the students to the role that research
plays in business decisions.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Meaning
? Research in common man?s language refers to
? Search for knowledge?
? Research is an art of scientific investigation.
? It is also a systematic design, collection, analysis
and the reporting the findings ad solution for the
problems of business
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? Systematic approach towards purposeful
investigation.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? According to Robert Ross, ?research is essentially
an investigation, a recording and an analysis of
evidence for the purpose of gaining knowledge.?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Good research
? Objectivity : must answer research
question
? Control : all variables ? data, sampling
? Generalisability : same result with
identical method
? Free from personal bias :
? Systematic :
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Research
? Is essentially an investigation
? Is related with the solution of a problem
? It is based on observation or experimental evidences.
? It demands accurate observation or experimentation.
? In research, the researchers try to find out answers for
unsolved questions
? It should be carefully recorded and reported
Types of Research
? Grouped under two categories
? 1Fundamental research
?The science of psychology
? 2Applied research
?Apply the psychology
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?At beginning when the problem is not
cleared
Eg: sales decline in a company may be due to
inefficient service
price
promotion
quality
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?Expert surveys, focus groups, case studies
and observation methods.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Descriptive Research
?It is fact finding investigation.
?Describes the state of view as it exists at
present
?It does not establish cause and relationship
Eg: consumption of soft drinks with
socioeconomic character ? age, family, income
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Applied research
? Deals with real life situation
? Aims at finding immediate solutions to
problems.
? Eg: why the sales decreased during last quarter.
? Use of fibre body for cars instead of metal.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Pure/ Fundamental or basic
?Gathering knowledge
Eg: theory of relativity by Einstein
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Conceptual Research
?It is generally used by philosophers..
?It is related to some abstract idea or theory
Eg: ideology of ?isms?
Gandhism
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Casual Research
?To determine the cause and effect
relationship between the two variable
Eg: effect of advertisement on sales.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Historical Research
?Study of past records and data's
Eg: value of shares of company is predicted on
the historical research
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Ex-post facto Research/ Empirical
?Examination of relationship that exists
between independent and dependent
variable
Eg: what has happened because of
what is happening because of
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Action research
?Research is done directly by action
?Geographical location is identified
?Samples are selected
?Response is collected
Eg: test marketing
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Evaluation Research
?It is an applied research.
?It is conducted to find out how well planned
programmes are implemented
Eg: ?Success of Midday Meal Programme?
? Swatch Bharat Abhiyan?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Library Research
?It is done to gather secondary data
Eg: consumption of soft drinks with
socioeconomic character ? age, family, income
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Process of Research
1.Defining the research problem and reviewing the
literature
2.Formulation of hypothesis
3.Research Design
4.Collecting data
5.Analysing data and testing hypothesis
6.Preparation of report and preliminary analysis
7.Interpreting and reporting the findings
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Research Process
1. Problem formulation
2. Method of inquiry
3. Research method
4. Research design
5. Select data collection techniques(s)
6. Sample design
7. Data collection
8. Analysis and Interpretation
9. Findings, conclusions and recommendations.
10. Research report
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
1.Defining Research Problem
? Converting Management problem into Research problem
? M P : want to increase sales of product A
? R P : what is the current the sale of product A
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
1.Defining Research Problem
? Followings to be considered
? 1 Determine the objective of the study
? 2.Consider various Environmental Forces
Purchasing habits, competitors, brand image, price, size of
market and target customers
? 3.Nature of the problem
Brand image, not buying, why to competitors product? Right target
audience?
? 4.Stating the alternatives
Developing hypothesis
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
1.Defining Research Problem
? Reviewing the literature
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
2. Formulation of Hypothesis
? A hypothesis is a proposition ? a tentative
assumption which a researcher wants to test for
its logical or empirical consequences.
? Eg.
? To increase the sales whether to introduce Sachet?
? Hypothesis: The acceptance of Sachet by customers will
increase the sales by 20%
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Formulating Hypothesis
? Hypothesis are generally concerned with the case of a certain
phenomenon or a relationship between two or more variables
? We make certain assumptions to about the parameter to be
tested- these assumptions are known as Hypothesis
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Formulating Hypothesis
? Null Hypothesis Ho : introducing sachet will increase
sales by 20%
? This is tested against
? Alternative Hypothesis H 1 : introducing sachet will not
increase sales
? Decisions to be taken whether Null Hypothesis is to
Accept or Reject
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
? Error 1
? Rejecting the null hypothesis when the fact is true
? Error 2
? Accepting the null hypothesis when the fact is not true
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
2. Method of Inquiry
? Qualitative ? subjectivity: This is used to analyze
those data which cannot be quantified. It is used
in exploratory research. Respondents are very
small compare to quantitative research.
? Quantitative ? objectivity : major of the numerical
data.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
3. Research Method
? Experimental :
extraneous variables are controlled
Eg: Which print advertisement is more effective?
Is it the front page, Middle page or the last page ?
? Non Experimental:
cannot control extraneous variables
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
4. Research Design
?Specific methods and procedures for acquiring the
Information needed?
Based on research method, research design works
Exploratory ? identification of problem
Descriptive ? describes characteristics or features
Causal- predictive, reasons why, relationship
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
5. Data collection Techniques
? What data to collect?
? How to collect the data?
Secondary:
Primary:
? Communication ? questionnaires, techniques
? Observation
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
6. Sample Design
? Where the sample is to be selected? - Consistency with
the population
? Process of selection ? Probability/Non probability
? Size of the sample ? n?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
7. Analysis and Interpretation
? Descriptive statistical measures ? count,
percentage, proportion, mean, variance..etc
? Univariate Analysis:
- Z-test (n>30), t-test (n<=30),(for continuous)
- Chi-square goodness of fit test (for categorical data)
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
? Bivariate Analysis:
- Cross tabulation with chi-square (for
categorical)
- Z-test, t-test, ANOVA(for continuous)
- Chi-square test (for categorical)
- correlation, regression
Data Can be analyzed through Bar
charts, Graphical representation also. AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Research Methods
14MBA23
Module 1
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Objectives of Course
? To provide an understanding on the basic
concepts of research methods.
? To expose the students to the role that research
plays in business decisions.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Meaning
? Research in common man?s language refers to
? Search for knowledge?
? Research is an art of scientific investigation.
? It is also a systematic design, collection, analysis
and the reporting the findings ad solution for the
problems of business
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? Systematic approach towards purposeful
investigation.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? According to Robert Ross, ?research is essentially
an investigation, a recording and an analysis of
evidence for the purpose of gaining knowledge.?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Good research
? Objectivity : must answer research
question
? Control : all variables ? data, sampling
? Generalisability : same result with
identical method
? Free from personal bias :
? Systematic :
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Research
? Is essentially an investigation
? Is related with the solution of a problem
? It is based on observation or experimental evidences.
? It demands accurate observation or experimentation.
? In research, the researchers try to find out answers for
unsolved questions
? It should be carefully recorded and reported
Types of Research
? Grouped under two categories
? 1Fundamental research
?The science of psychology
? 2Applied research
?Apply the psychology
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?At beginning when the problem is not
cleared
Eg: sales decline in a company may be due to
inefficient service
price
promotion
quality
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?Expert surveys, focus groups, case studies
and observation methods.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Descriptive Research
?It is fact finding investigation.
?Describes the state of view as it exists at
present
?It does not establish cause and relationship
Eg: consumption of soft drinks with
socioeconomic character ? age, family, income
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Applied research
? Deals with real life situation
? Aims at finding immediate solutions to
problems.
? Eg: why the sales decreased during last quarter.
? Use of fibre body for cars instead of metal.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Pure/ Fundamental or basic
?Gathering knowledge
Eg: theory of relativity by Einstein
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Conceptual Research
?It is generally used by philosophers..
?It is related to some abstract idea or theory
Eg: ideology of ?isms?
Gandhism
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Casual Research
?To determine the cause and effect
relationship between the two variable
Eg: effect of advertisement on sales.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Historical Research
?Study of past records and data's
Eg: value of shares of company is predicted on
the historical research
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Ex-post facto Research/ Empirical
?Examination of relationship that exists
between independent and dependent
variable
Eg: what has happened because of
what is happening because of
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Action research
?Research is done directly by action
?Geographical location is identified
?Samples are selected
?Response is collected
Eg: test marketing
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Evaluation Research
?It is an applied research.
?It is conducted to find out how well planned
programmes are implemented
Eg: ?Success of Midday Meal Programme?
? Swatch Bharat Abhiyan?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Library Research
?It is done to gather secondary data
Eg: consumption of soft drinks with
socioeconomic character ? age, family, income
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Process of Research
1.Defining the research problem and reviewing the
literature
2.Formulation of hypothesis
3.Research Design
4.Collecting data
5.Analysing data and testing hypothesis
6.Preparation of report and preliminary analysis
7.Interpreting and reporting the findings
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Research Process
1. Problem formulation
2. Method of inquiry
3. Research method
4. Research design
5. Select data collection techniques(s)
6. Sample design
7. Data collection
8. Analysis and Interpretation
9. Findings, conclusions and recommendations.
10. Research report
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
1.Defining Research Problem
? Converting Management problem into Research problem
? M P : want to increase sales of product A
? R P : what is the current the sale of product A
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
1.Defining Research Problem
? Followings to be considered
? 1 Determine the objective of the study
? 2.Consider various Environmental Forces
Purchasing habits, competitors, brand image, price, size of
market and target customers
? 3.Nature of the problem
Brand image, not buying, why to competitors product? Right target
audience?
? 4.Stating the alternatives
Developing hypothesis
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
1.Defining Research Problem
? Reviewing the literature
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
2. Formulation of Hypothesis
? A hypothesis is a proposition ? a tentative
assumption which a researcher wants to test for
its logical or empirical consequences.
? Eg.
? To increase the sales whether to introduce Sachet?
? Hypothesis: The acceptance of Sachet by customers will
increase the sales by 20%
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Formulating Hypothesis
? Hypothesis are generally concerned with the case of a certain
phenomenon or a relationship between two or more variables
? We make certain assumptions to about the parameter to be
tested- these assumptions are known as Hypothesis
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Formulating Hypothesis
? Null Hypothesis Ho : introducing sachet will increase
sales by 20%
? This is tested against
? Alternative Hypothesis H 1 : introducing sachet will not
increase sales
? Decisions to be taken whether Null Hypothesis is to
Accept or Reject
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
? Error 1
? Rejecting the null hypothesis when the fact is true
? Error 2
? Accepting the null hypothesis when the fact is not true
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
2. Method of Inquiry
? Qualitative ? subjectivity: This is used to analyze
those data which cannot be quantified. It is used
in exploratory research. Respondents are very
small compare to quantitative research.
? Quantitative ? objectivity : major of the numerical
data.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
3. Research Method
? Experimental :
extraneous variables are controlled
Eg: Which print advertisement is more effective?
Is it the front page, Middle page or the last page ?
? Non Experimental:
cannot control extraneous variables
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
4. Research Design
?Specific methods and procedures for acquiring the
Information needed?
Based on research method, research design works
Exploratory ? identification of problem
Descriptive ? describes characteristics or features
Causal- predictive, reasons why, relationship
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
5. Data collection Techniques
? What data to collect?
? How to collect the data?
Secondary:
Primary:
? Communication ? questionnaires, techniques
? Observation
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
6. Sample Design
? Where the sample is to be selected? - Consistency with
the population
? Process of selection ? Probability/Non probability
? Size of the sample ? n?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
7. Analysis and Interpretation
? Descriptive statistical measures ? count,
percentage, proportion, mean, variance..etc
? Univariate Analysis:
- Z-test (n>30), t-test (n<=30),(for continuous)
- Chi-square goodness of fit test (for categorical data)
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
? Bivariate Analysis:
- Cross tabulation with chi-square (for
categorical)
- Z-test, t-test, ANOVA(for continuous)
- Chi-square test (for categorical)
- correlation, regression
Data Can be analyzed through Bar
charts, Graphical representation also. AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
8. Research Report
?Written Report
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Research Methods
14MBA23
Module 1
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Objectives of Course
? To provide an understanding on the basic
concepts of research methods.
? To expose the students to the role that research
plays in business decisions.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Meaning
? Research in common man?s language refers to
? Search for knowledge?
? Research is an art of scientific investigation.
? It is also a systematic design, collection, analysis
and the reporting the findings ad solution for the
problems of business
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? Systematic approach towards purposeful
investigation.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? According to Robert Ross, ?research is essentially
an investigation, a recording and an analysis of
evidence for the purpose of gaining knowledge.?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Good research
? Objectivity : must answer research
question
? Control : all variables ? data, sampling
? Generalisability : same result with
identical method
? Free from personal bias :
? Systematic :
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Research
? Is essentially an investigation
? Is related with the solution of a problem
? It is based on observation or experimental evidences.
? It demands accurate observation or experimentation.
? In research, the researchers try to find out answers for
unsolved questions
? It should be carefully recorded and reported
Types of Research
? Grouped under two categories
? 1Fundamental research
?The science of psychology
? 2Applied research
?Apply the psychology
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?At beginning when the problem is not
cleared
Eg: sales decline in a company may be due to
inefficient service
price
promotion
quality
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?Expert surveys, focus groups, case studies
and observation methods.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Descriptive Research
?It is fact finding investigation.
?Describes the state of view as it exists at
present
?It does not establish cause and relationship
Eg: consumption of soft drinks with
socioeconomic character ? age, family, income
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Applied research
? Deals with real life situation
? Aims at finding immediate solutions to
problems.
? Eg: why the sales decreased during last quarter.
? Use of fibre body for cars instead of metal.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Pure/ Fundamental or basic
?Gathering knowledge
Eg: theory of relativity by Einstein
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Conceptual Research
?It is generally used by philosophers..
?It is related to some abstract idea or theory
Eg: ideology of ?isms?
Gandhism
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Casual Research
?To determine the cause and effect
relationship between the two variable
Eg: effect of advertisement on sales.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Historical Research
?Study of past records and data's
Eg: value of shares of company is predicted on
the historical research
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Ex-post facto Research/ Empirical
?Examination of relationship that exists
between independent and dependent
variable
Eg: what has happened because of
what is happening because of
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Action research
?Research is done directly by action
?Geographical location is identified
?Samples are selected
?Response is collected
Eg: test marketing
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Evaluation Research
?It is an applied research.
?It is conducted to find out how well planned
programmes are implemented
Eg: ?Success of Midday Meal Programme?
? Swatch Bharat Abhiyan?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Library Research
?It is done to gather secondary data
Eg: consumption of soft drinks with
socioeconomic character ? age, family, income
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Process of Research
1.Defining the research problem and reviewing the
literature
2.Formulation of hypothesis
3.Research Design
4.Collecting data
5.Analysing data and testing hypothesis
6.Preparation of report and preliminary analysis
7.Interpreting and reporting the findings
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Research Process
1. Problem formulation
2. Method of inquiry
3. Research method
4. Research design
5. Select data collection techniques(s)
6. Sample design
7. Data collection
8. Analysis and Interpretation
9. Findings, conclusions and recommendations.
10. Research report
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
1.Defining Research Problem
? Converting Management problem into Research problem
? M P : want to increase sales of product A
? R P : what is the current the sale of product A
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
1.Defining Research Problem
? Followings to be considered
? 1 Determine the objective of the study
? 2.Consider various Environmental Forces
Purchasing habits, competitors, brand image, price, size of
market and target customers
? 3.Nature of the problem
Brand image, not buying, why to competitors product? Right target
audience?
? 4.Stating the alternatives
Developing hypothesis
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
1.Defining Research Problem
? Reviewing the literature
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
2. Formulation of Hypothesis
? A hypothesis is a proposition ? a tentative
assumption which a researcher wants to test for
its logical or empirical consequences.
? Eg.
? To increase the sales whether to introduce Sachet?
? Hypothesis: The acceptance of Sachet by customers will
increase the sales by 20%
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Formulating Hypothesis
? Hypothesis are generally concerned with the case of a certain
phenomenon or a relationship between two or more variables
? We make certain assumptions to about the parameter to be
tested- these assumptions are known as Hypothesis
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Formulating Hypothesis
? Null Hypothesis Ho : introducing sachet will increase
sales by 20%
? This is tested against
? Alternative Hypothesis H 1 : introducing sachet will not
increase sales
? Decisions to be taken whether Null Hypothesis is to
Accept or Reject
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
? Error 1
? Rejecting the null hypothesis when the fact is true
? Error 2
? Accepting the null hypothesis when the fact is not true
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
2. Method of Inquiry
? Qualitative ? subjectivity: This is used to analyze
those data which cannot be quantified. It is used
in exploratory research. Respondents are very
small compare to quantitative research.
? Quantitative ? objectivity : major of the numerical
data.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
3. Research Method
? Experimental :
extraneous variables are controlled
Eg: Which print advertisement is more effective?
Is it the front page, Middle page or the last page ?
? Non Experimental:
cannot control extraneous variables
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
4. Research Design
?Specific methods and procedures for acquiring the
Information needed?
Based on research method, research design works
Exploratory ? identification of problem
Descriptive ? describes characteristics or features
Causal- predictive, reasons why, relationship
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
5. Data collection Techniques
? What data to collect?
? How to collect the data?
Secondary:
Primary:
? Communication ? questionnaires, techniques
? Observation
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
6. Sample Design
? Where the sample is to be selected? - Consistency with
the population
? Process of selection ? Probability/Non probability
? Size of the sample ? n?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
7. Analysis and Interpretation
? Descriptive statistical measures ? count,
percentage, proportion, mean, variance..etc
? Univariate Analysis:
- Z-test (n>30), t-test (n<=30),(for continuous)
- Chi-square goodness of fit test (for categorical data)
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
? Bivariate Analysis:
- Cross tabulation with chi-square (for
categorical)
- Z-test, t-test, ANOVA(for continuous)
- Chi-square test (for categorical)
- correlation, regression
Data Can be analyzed through Bar
charts, Graphical representation also. AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
8. Research Report
?Written Report
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Research Methods
14MBA23
Module 1
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Objectives of Course
? To provide an understanding on the basic
concepts of research methods.
? To expose the students to the role that research
plays in business decisions.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Meaning
? Research in common man?s language refers to
? Search for knowledge?
? Research is an art of scientific investigation.
? It is also a systematic design, collection, analysis
and the reporting the findings ad solution for the
problems of business
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? Systematic approach towards purposeful
investigation.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? According to Robert Ross, ?research is essentially
an investigation, a recording and an analysis of
evidence for the purpose of gaining knowledge.?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Good research
? Objectivity : must answer research
question
? Control : all variables ? data, sampling
? Generalisability : same result with
identical method
? Free from personal bias :
? Systematic :
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Research
? Is essentially an investigation
? Is related with the solution of a problem
? It is based on observation or experimental evidences.
? It demands accurate observation or experimentation.
? In research, the researchers try to find out answers for
unsolved questions
? It should be carefully recorded and reported
Types of Research
? Grouped under two categories
? 1Fundamental research
?The science of psychology
? 2Applied research
?Apply the psychology
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?At beginning when the problem is not
cleared
Eg: sales decline in a company may be due to
inefficient service
price
promotion
quality
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?Expert surveys, focus groups, case studies
and observation methods.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Descriptive Research
?It is fact finding investigation.
?Describes the state of view as it exists at
present
?It does not establish cause and relationship
Eg: consumption of soft drinks with
socioeconomic character ? age, family, income
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Applied research
? Deals with real life situation
? Aims at finding immediate solutions to
problems.
? Eg: why the sales decreased during last quarter.
? Use of fibre body for cars instead of metal.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Pure/ Fundamental or basic
?Gathering knowledge
Eg: theory of relativity by Einstein
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Conceptual Research
?It is generally used by philosophers..
?It is related to some abstract idea or theory
Eg: ideology of ?isms?
Gandhism
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Casual Research
?To determine the cause and effect
relationship between the two variable
Eg: effect of advertisement on sales.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Historical Research
?Study of past records and data's
Eg: value of shares of company is predicted on
the historical research
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Ex-post facto Research/ Empirical
?Examination of relationship that exists
between independent and dependent
variable
Eg: what has happened because of
what is happening because of
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Action research
?Research is done directly by action
?Geographical location is identified
?Samples are selected
?Response is collected
Eg: test marketing
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Evaluation Research
?It is an applied research.
?It is conducted to find out how well planned
programmes are implemented
Eg: ?Success of Midday Meal Programme?
? Swatch Bharat Abhiyan?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Library Research
?It is done to gather secondary data
Eg: consumption of soft drinks with
socioeconomic character ? age, family, income
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Process of Research
1.Defining the research problem and reviewing the
literature
2.Formulation of hypothesis
3.Research Design
4.Collecting data
5.Analysing data and testing hypothesis
6.Preparation of report and preliminary analysis
7.Interpreting and reporting the findings
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Research Process
1. Problem formulation
2. Method of inquiry
3. Research method
4. Research design
5. Select data collection techniques(s)
6. Sample design
7. Data collection
8. Analysis and Interpretation
9. Findings, conclusions and recommendations.
10. Research report
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
1.Defining Research Problem
? Converting Management problem into Research problem
? M P : want to increase sales of product A
? R P : what is the current the sale of product A
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
1.Defining Research Problem
? Followings to be considered
? 1 Determine the objective of the study
? 2.Consider various Environmental Forces
Purchasing habits, competitors, brand image, price, size of
market and target customers
? 3.Nature of the problem
Brand image, not buying, why to competitors product? Right target
audience?
? 4.Stating the alternatives
Developing hypothesis
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
1.Defining Research Problem
? Reviewing the literature
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
2. Formulation of Hypothesis
? A hypothesis is a proposition ? a tentative
assumption which a researcher wants to test for
its logical or empirical consequences.
? Eg.
? To increase the sales whether to introduce Sachet?
? Hypothesis: The acceptance of Sachet by customers will
increase the sales by 20%
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Formulating Hypothesis
? Hypothesis are generally concerned with the case of a certain
phenomenon or a relationship between two or more variables
? We make certain assumptions to about the parameter to be
tested- these assumptions are known as Hypothesis
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Formulating Hypothesis
? Null Hypothesis Ho : introducing sachet will increase
sales by 20%
? This is tested against
? Alternative Hypothesis H 1 : introducing sachet will not
increase sales
? Decisions to be taken whether Null Hypothesis is to
Accept or Reject
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
? Error 1
? Rejecting the null hypothesis when the fact is true
? Error 2
? Accepting the null hypothesis when the fact is not true
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
2. Method of Inquiry
? Qualitative ? subjectivity: This is used to analyze
those data which cannot be quantified. It is used
in exploratory research. Respondents are very
small compare to quantitative research.
? Quantitative ? objectivity : major of the numerical
data.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
3. Research Method
? Experimental :
extraneous variables are controlled
Eg: Which print advertisement is more effective?
Is it the front page, Middle page or the last page ?
? Non Experimental:
cannot control extraneous variables
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
4. Research Design
?Specific methods and procedures for acquiring the
Information needed?
Based on research method, research design works
Exploratory ? identification of problem
Descriptive ? describes characteristics or features
Causal- predictive, reasons why, relationship
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
5. Data collection Techniques
? What data to collect?
? How to collect the data?
Secondary:
Primary:
? Communication ? questionnaires, techniques
? Observation
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
6. Sample Design
? Where the sample is to be selected? - Consistency with
the population
? Process of selection ? Probability/Non probability
? Size of the sample ? n?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
7. Analysis and Interpretation
? Descriptive statistical measures ? count,
percentage, proportion, mean, variance..etc
? Univariate Analysis:
- Z-test (n>30), t-test (n<=30),(for continuous)
- Chi-square goodness of fit test (for categorical data)
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
? Bivariate Analysis:
- Cross tabulation with chi-square (for
categorical)
- Z-test, t-test, ANOVA(for continuous)
- Chi-square test (for categorical)
- correlation, regression
Data Can be analyzed through Bar
charts, Graphical representation also. AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
8. Research Report
?Written Report
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Research Methods
14MBA23
Module 1
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Objectives of Course
? To provide an understanding on the basic
concepts of research methods.
? To expose the students to the role that research
plays in business decisions.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Meaning
? Research in common man?s language refers to
? Search for knowledge?
? Research is an art of scientific investigation.
? It is also a systematic design, collection, analysis
and the reporting the findings ad solution for the
problems of business
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? Systematic approach towards purposeful
investigation.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? According to Robert Ross, ?research is essentially
an investigation, a recording and an analysis of
evidence for the purpose of gaining knowledge.?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Good research
? Objectivity : must answer research
question
? Control : all variables ? data, sampling
? Generalisability : same result with
identical method
? Free from personal bias :
? Systematic :
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Research
? Is essentially an investigation
? Is related with the solution of a problem
? It is based on observation or experimental evidences.
? It demands accurate observation or experimentation.
? In research, the researchers try to find out answers for
unsolved questions
? It should be carefully recorded and reported
Types of Research
? Grouped under two categories
? 1Fundamental research
?The science of psychology
? 2Applied research
?Apply the psychology
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?At beginning when the problem is not
cleared
Eg: sales decline in a company may be due to
inefficient service
price
promotion
quality
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?Expert surveys, focus groups, case studies
and observation methods.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Descriptive Research
?It is fact finding investigation.
?Describes the state of view as it exists at
present
?It does not establish cause and relationship
Eg: consumption of soft drinks with
socioeconomic character ? age, family, income
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Applied research
? Deals with real life situation
? Aims at finding immediate solutions to
problems.
? Eg: why the sales decreased during last quarter.
? Use of fibre body for cars instead of metal.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Pure/ Fundamental or basic
?Gathering knowledge
Eg: theory of relativity by Einstein
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Conceptual Research
?It is generally used by philosophers..
?It is related to some abstract idea or theory
Eg: ideology of ?isms?
Gandhism
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Casual Research
?To determine the cause and effect
relationship between the two variable
Eg: effect of advertisement on sales.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Historical Research
?Study of past records and data's
Eg: value of shares of company is predicted on
the historical research
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Ex-post facto Research/ Empirical
?Examination of relationship that exists
between independent and dependent
variable
Eg: what has happened because of
what is happening because of
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Action research
?Research is done directly by action
?Geographical location is identified
?Samples are selected
?Response is collected
Eg: test marketing
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Evaluation Research
?It is an applied research.
?It is conducted to find out how well planned
programmes are implemented
Eg: ?Success of Midday Meal Programme?
? Swatch Bharat Abhiyan?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Library Research
?It is done to gather secondary data
Eg: consumption of soft drinks with
socioeconomic character ? age, family, income
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Process of Research
1.Defining the research problem and reviewing the
literature
2.Formulation of hypothesis
3.Research Design
4.Collecting data
5.Analysing data and testing hypothesis
6.Preparation of report and preliminary analysis
7.Interpreting and reporting the findings
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Research Process
1. Problem formulation
2. Method of inquiry
3. Research method
4. Research design
5. Select data collection techniques(s)
6. Sample design
7. Data collection
8. Analysis and Interpretation
9. Findings, conclusions and recommendations.
10. Research report
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
1.Defining Research Problem
? Converting Management problem into Research problem
? M P : want to increase sales of product A
? R P : what is the current the sale of product A
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
1.Defining Research Problem
? Followings to be considered
? 1 Determine the objective of the study
? 2.Consider various Environmental Forces
Purchasing habits, competitors, brand image, price, size of
market and target customers
? 3.Nature of the problem
Brand image, not buying, why to competitors product? Right target
audience?
? 4.Stating the alternatives
Developing hypothesis
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
1.Defining Research Problem
? Reviewing the literature
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
2. Formulation of Hypothesis
? A hypothesis is a proposition ? a tentative
assumption which a researcher wants to test for
its logical or empirical consequences.
? Eg.
? To increase the sales whether to introduce Sachet?
? Hypothesis: The acceptance of Sachet by customers will
increase the sales by 20%
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Formulating Hypothesis
? Hypothesis are generally concerned with the case of a certain
phenomenon or a relationship between two or more variables
? We make certain assumptions to about the parameter to be
tested- these assumptions are known as Hypothesis
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Formulating Hypothesis
? Null Hypothesis Ho : introducing sachet will increase
sales by 20%
? This is tested against
? Alternative Hypothesis H 1 : introducing sachet will not
increase sales
? Decisions to be taken whether Null Hypothesis is to
Accept or Reject
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
? Error 1
? Rejecting the null hypothesis when the fact is true
? Error 2
? Accepting the null hypothesis when the fact is not true
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
2. Method of Inquiry
? Qualitative ? subjectivity: This is used to analyze
those data which cannot be quantified. It is used
in exploratory research. Respondents are very
small compare to quantitative research.
? Quantitative ? objectivity : major of the numerical
data.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
3. Research Method
? Experimental :
extraneous variables are controlled
Eg: Which print advertisement is more effective?
Is it the front page, Middle page or the last page ?
? Non Experimental:
cannot control extraneous variables
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
4. Research Design
?Specific methods and procedures for acquiring the
Information needed?
Based on research method, research design works
Exploratory ? identification of problem
Descriptive ? describes characteristics or features
Causal- predictive, reasons why, relationship
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
5. Data collection Techniques
? What data to collect?
? How to collect the data?
Secondary:
Primary:
? Communication ? questionnaires, techniques
? Observation
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
6. Sample Design
? Where the sample is to be selected? - Consistency with
the population
? Process of selection ? Probability/Non probability
? Size of the sample ? n?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
7. Analysis and Interpretation
? Descriptive statistical measures ? count,
percentage, proportion, mean, variance..etc
? Univariate Analysis:
- Z-test (n>30), t-test (n<=30),(for continuous)
- Chi-square goodness of fit test (for categorical data)
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
? Bivariate Analysis:
- Cross tabulation with chi-square (for
categorical)
- Z-test, t-test, ANOVA(for continuous)
- Chi-square test (for categorical)
- correlation, regression
Data Can be analyzed through Bar
charts, Graphical representation also. AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
8. Research Report
?Written Report
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Research Methods
14MBA23
Module 1
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Objectives of Course
? To provide an understanding on the basic
concepts of research methods.
? To expose the students to the role that research
plays in business decisions.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Meaning
? Research in common man?s language refers to
? Search for knowledge?
? Research is an art of scientific investigation.
? It is also a systematic design, collection, analysis
and the reporting the findings ad solution for the
problems of business
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? Systematic approach towards purposeful
investigation.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? According to Robert Ross, ?research is essentially
an investigation, a recording and an analysis of
evidence for the purpose of gaining knowledge.?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Good research
? Objectivity : must answer research
question
? Control : all variables ? data, sampling
? Generalisability : same result with
identical method
? Free from personal bias :
? Systematic :
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Research
? Is essentially an investigation
? Is related with the solution of a problem
? It is based on observation or experimental evidences.
? It demands accurate observation or experimentation.
? In research, the researchers try to find out answers for
unsolved questions
? It should be carefully recorded and reported
Types of Research
? Grouped under two categories
? 1Fundamental research
?The science of psychology
? 2Applied research
?Apply the psychology
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?At beginning when the problem is not
cleared
Eg: sales decline in a company may be due to
inefficient service
price
promotion
quality
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?Expert surveys, focus groups, case studies
and observation methods.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Descriptive Research
?It is fact finding investigation.
?Describes the state of view as it exists at
present
?It does not establish cause and relationship
Eg: consumption of soft drinks with
socioeconomic character ? age, family, income
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Applied research
? Deals with real life situation
? Aims at finding immediate solutions to
problems.
? Eg: why the sales decreased during last quarter.
? Use of fibre body for cars instead of metal.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Pure/ Fundamental or basic
?Gathering knowledge
Eg: theory of relativity by Einstein
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Conceptual Research
?It is generally used by philosophers..
?It is related to some abstract idea or theory
Eg: ideology of ?isms?
Gandhism
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Casual Research
?To determine the cause and effect
relationship between the two variable
Eg: effect of advertisement on sales.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Historical Research
?Study of past records and data's
Eg: value of shares of company is predicted on
the historical research
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Ex-post facto Research/ Empirical
?Examination of relationship that exists
between independent and dependent
variable
Eg: what has happened because of
what is happening because of
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Action research
?Research is done directly by action
?Geographical location is identified
?Samples are selected
?Response is collected
Eg: test marketing
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Evaluation Research
?It is an applied research.
?It is conducted to find out how well planned
programmes are implemented
Eg: ?Success of Midday Meal Programme?
? Swatch Bharat Abhiyan?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Library Research
?It is done to gather secondary data
Eg: consumption of soft drinks with
socioeconomic character ? age, family, income
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Process of Research
1.Defining the research problem and reviewing the
literature
2.Formulation of hypothesis
3.Research Design
4.Collecting data
5.Analysing data and testing hypothesis
6.Preparation of report and preliminary analysis
7.Interpreting and reporting the findings
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Research Process
1. Problem formulation
2. Method of inquiry
3. Research method
4. Research design
5. Select data collection techniques(s)
6. Sample design
7. Data collection
8. Analysis and Interpretation
9. Findings, conclusions and recommendations.
10. Research report
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
1.Defining Research Problem
? Converting Management problem into Research problem
? M P : want to increase sales of product A
? R P : what is the current the sale of product A
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
1.Defining Research Problem
? Followings to be considered
? 1 Determine the objective of the study
? 2.Consider various Environmental Forces
Purchasing habits, competitors, brand image, price, size of
market and target customers
? 3.Nature of the problem
Brand image, not buying, why to competitors product? Right target
audience?
? 4.Stating the alternatives
Developing hypothesis
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
1.Defining Research Problem
? Reviewing the literature
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
2. Formulation of Hypothesis
? A hypothesis is a proposition ? a tentative
assumption which a researcher wants to test for
its logical or empirical consequences.
? Eg.
? To increase the sales whether to introduce Sachet?
? Hypothesis: The acceptance of Sachet by customers will
increase the sales by 20%
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Formulating Hypothesis
? Hypothesis are generally concerned with the case of a certain
phenomenon or a relationship between two or more variables
? We make certain assumptions to about the parameter to be
tested- these assumptions are known as Hypothesis
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Formulating Hypothesis
? Null Hypothesis Ho : introducing sachet will increase
sales by 20%
? This is tested against
? Alternative Hypothesis H 1 : introducing sachet will not
increase sales
? Decisions to be taken whether Null Hypothesis is to
Accept or Reject
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
? Error 1
? Rejecting the null hypothesis when the fact is true
? Error 2
? Accepting the null hypothesis when the fact is not true
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
2. Method of Inquiry
? Qualitative ? subjectivity: This is used to analyze
those data which cannot be quantified. It is used
in exploratory research. Respondents are very
small compare to quantitative research.
? Quantitative ? objectivity : major of the numerical
data.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
3. Research Method
? Experimental :
extraneous variables are controlled
Eg: Which print advertisement is more effective?
Is it the front page, Middle page or the last page ?
? Non Experimental:
cannot control extraneous variables
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
4. Research Design
?Specific methods and procedures for acquiring the
Information needed?
Based on research method, research design works
Exploratory ? identification of problem
Descriptive ? describes characteristics or features
Causal- predictive, reasons why, relationship
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
5. Data collection Techniques
? What data to collect?
? How to collect the data?
Secondary:
Primary:
? Communication ? questionnaires, techniques
? Observation
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
6. Sample Design
? Where the sample is to be selected? - Consistency with
the population
? Process of selection ? Probability/Non probability
? Size of the sample ? n?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
7. Analysis and Interpretation
? Descriptive statistical measures ? count,
percentage, proportion, mean, variance..etc
? Univariate Analysis:
- Z-test (n>30), t-test (n<=30),(for continuous)
- Chi-square goodness of fit test (for categorical data)
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
? Bivariate Analysis:
- Cross tabulation with chi-square (for
categorical)
- Z-test, t-test, ANOVA(for continuous)
- Chi-square test (for categorical)
- correlation, regression
Data Can be analyzed through Bar
charts, Graphical representation also. AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
8. Research Report
?Written Report
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Research Methods
14MBA23
Module 1
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Objectives of Course
? To provide an understanding on the basic
concepts of research methods.
? To expose the students to the role that research
plays in business decisions.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Meaning
? Research in common man?s language refers to
? Search for knowledge?
? Research is an art of scientific investigation.
? It is also a systematic design, collection, analysis
and the reporting the findings ad solution for the
problems of business
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? Systematic approach towards purposeful
investigation.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? According to Robert Ross, ?research is essentially
an investigation, a recording and an analysis of
evidence for the purpose of gaining knowledge.?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Good research
? Objectivity : must answer research
question
? Control : all variables ? data, sampling
? Generalisability : same result with
identical method
? Free from personal bias :
? Systematic :
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Research
? Is essentially an investigation
? Is related with the solution of a problem
? It is based on observation or experimental evidences.
? It demands accurate observation or experimentation.
? In research, the researchers try to find out answers for
unsolved questions
? It should be carefully recorded and reported
Types of Research
? Grouped under two categories
? 1Fundamental research
?The science of psychology
? 2Applied research
?Apply the psychology
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?At beginning when the problem is not
cleared
Eg: sales decline in a company may be due to
inefficient service
price
promotion
quality
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?Expert surveys, focus groups, case studies
and observation methods.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Descriptive Research
?It is fact finding investigation.
?Describes the state of view as it exists at
present
?It does not establish cause and relationship
Eg: consumption of soft drinks with
socioeconomic character ? age, family, income
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Applied research
? Deals with real life situation
? Aims at finding immediate solutions to
problems.
? Eg: why the sales decreased during last quarter.
? Use of fibre body for cars instead of metal.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Pure/ Fundamental or basic
?Gathering knowledge
Eg: theory of relativity by Einstein
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Conceptual Research
?It is generally used by philosophers..
?It is related to some abstract idea or theory
Eg: ideology of ?isms?
Gandhism
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Casual Research
?To determine the cause and effect
relationship between the two variable
Eg: effect of advertisement on sales.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Historical Research
?Study of past records and data's
Eg: value of shares of company is predicted on
the historical research
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Ex-post facto Research/ Empirical
?Examination of relationship that exists
between independent and dependent
variable
Eg: what has happened because of
what is happening because of
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Action research
?Research is done directly by action
?Geographical location is identified
?Samples are selected
?Response is collected
Eg: test marketing
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Evaluation Research
?It is an applied research.
?It is conducted to find out how well planned
programmes are implemented
Eg: ?Success of Midday Meal Programme?
? Swatch Bharat Abhiyan?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Library Research
?It is done to gather secondary data
Eg: consumption of soft drinks with
socioeconomic character ? age, family, income
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Process of Research
1.Defining the research problem and reviewing the
literature
2.Formulation of hypothesis
3.Research Design
4.Collecting data
5.Analysing data and testing hypothesis
6.Preparation of report and preliminary analysis
7.Interpreting and reporting the findings
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Research Process
1. Problem formulation
2. Method of inquiry
3. Research method
4. Research design
5. Select data collection techniques(s)
6. Sample design
7. Data collection
8. Analysis and Interpretation
9. Findings, conclusions and recommendations.
10. Research report
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
1.Defining Research Problem
? Converting Management problem into Research problem
? M P : want to increase sales of product A
? R P : what is the current the sale of product A
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
1.Defining Research Problem
? Followings to be considered
? 1 Determine the objective of the study
? 2.Consider various Environmental Forces
Purchasing habits, competitors, brand image, price, size of
market and target customers
? 3.Nature of the problem
Brand image, not buying, why to competitors product? Right target
audience?
? 4.Stating the alternatives
Developing hypothesis
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
1.Defining Research Problem
? Reviewing the literature
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
2. Formulation of Hypothesis
? A hypothesis is a proposition ? a tentative
assumption which a researcher wants to test for
its logical or empirical consequences.
? Eg.
? To increase the sales whether to introduce Sachet?
? Hypothesis: The acceptance of Sachet by customers will
increase the sales by 20%
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Formulating Hypothesis
? Hypothesis are generally concerned with the case of a certain
phenomenon or a relationship between two or more variables
? We make certain assumptions to about the parameter to be
tested- these assumptions are known as Hypothesis
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Formulating Hypothesis
? Null Hypothesis Ho : introducing sachet will increase
sales by 20%
? This is tested against
? Alternative Hypothesis H 1 : introducing sachet will not
increase sales
? Decisions to be taken whether Null Hypothesis is to
Accept or Reject
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
? Error 1
? Rejecting the null hypothesis when the fact is true
? Error 2
? Accepting the null hypothesis when the fact is not true
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
2. Method of Inquiry
? Qualitative ? subjectivity: This is used to analyze
those data which cannot be quantified. It is used
in exploratory research. Respondents are very
small compare to quantitative research.
? Quantitative ? objectivity : major of the numerical
data.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
3. Research Method
? Experimental :
extraneous variables are controlled
Eg: Which print advertisement is more effective?
Is it the front page, Middle page or the last page ?
? Non Experimental:
cannot control extraneous variables
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
4. Research Design
?Specific methods and procedures for acquiring the
Information needed?
Based on research method, research design works
Exploratory ? identification of problem
Descriptive ? describes characteristics or features
Causal- predictive, reasons why, relationship
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
5. Data collection Techniques
? What data to collect?
? How to collect the data?
Secondary:
Primary:
? Communication ? questionnaires, techniques
? Observation
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
6. Sample Design
? Where the sample is to be selected? - Consistency with
the population
? Process of selection ? Probability/Non probability
? Size of the sample ? n?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
7. Analysis and Interpretation
? Descriptive statistical measures ? count,
percentage, proportion, mean, variance..etc
? Univariate Analysis:
- Z-test (n>30), t-test (n<=30),(for continuous)
- Chi-square goodness of fit test (for categorical data)
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
? Bivariate Analysis:
- Cross tabulation with chi-square (for
categorical)
- Z-test, t-test, ANOVA(for continuous)
- Chi-square test (for categorical)
- correlation, regression
Data Can be analyzed through Bar
charts, Graphical representation also. AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
8. Research Report
?Written Report
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Research Methods
14MBA23
Module 1
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Objectives of Course
? To provide an understanding on the basic
concepts of research methods.
? To expose the students to the role that research
plays in business decisions.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Meaning
? Research in common man?s language refers to
? Search for knowledge?
? Research is an art of scientific investigation.
? It is also a systematic design, collection, analysis
and the reporting the findings ad solution for the
problems of business
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? Systematic approach towards purposeful
investigation.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? According to Robert Ross, ?research is essentially
an investigation, a recording and an analysis of
evidence for the purpose of gaining knowledge.?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Good research
? Objectivity : must answer research
question
? Control : all variables ? data, sampling
? Generalisability : same result with
identical method
? Free from personal bias :
? Systematic :
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Research
? Is essentially an investigation
? Is related with the solution of a problem
? It is based on observation or experimental evidences.
? It demands accurate observation or experimentation.
? In research, the researchers try to find out answers for
unsolved questions
? It should be carefully recorded and reported
Types of Research
? Grouped under two categories
? 1Fundamental research
?The science of psychology
? 2Applied research
?Apply the psychology
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?At beginning when the problem is not
cleared
Eg: sales decline in a company may be due to
inefficient service
price
promotion
quality
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?Expert surveys, focus groups, case studies
and observation methods.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Descriptive Research
?It is fact finding investigation.
?Describes the state of view as it exists at
present
?It does not establish cause and relationship
Eg: consumption of soft drinks with
socioeconomic character ? age, family, income
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Applied research
? Deals with real life situation
? Aims at finding immediate solutions to
problems.
? Eg: why the sales decreased during last quarter.
? Use of fibre body for cars instead of metal.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Pure/ Fundamental or basic
?Gathering knowledge
Eg: theory of relativity by Einstein
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Conceptual Research
?It is generally used by philosophers..
?It is related to some abstract idea or theory
Eg: ideology of ?isms?
Gandhism
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Casual Research
?To determine the cause and effect
relationship between the two variable
Eg: effect of advertisement on sales.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Historical Research
?Study of past records and data's
Eg: value of shares of company is predicted on
the historical research
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Ex-post facto Research/ Empirical
?Examination of relationship that exists
between independent and dependent
variable
Eg: what has happened because of
what is happening because of
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Action research
?Research is done directly by action
?Geographical location is identified
?Samples are selected
?Response is collected
Eg: test marketing
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Evaluation Research
?It is an applied research.
?It is conducted to find out how well planned
programmes are implemented
Eg: ?Success of Midday Meal Programme?
? Swatch Bharat Abhiyan?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Library Research
?It is done to gather secondary data
Eg: consumption of soft drinks with
socioeconomic character ? age, family, income
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Process of Research
1.Defining the research problem and reviewing the
literature
2.Formulation of hypothesis
3.Research Design
4.Collecting data
5.Analysing data and testing hypothesis
6.Preparation of report and preliminary analysis
7.Interpreting and reporting the findings
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Research Process
1. Problem formulation
2. Method of inquiry
3. Research method
4. Research design
5. Select data collection techniques(s)
6. Sample design
7. Data collection
8. Analysis and Interpretation
9. Findings, conclusions and recommendations.
10. Research report
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
1.Defining Research Problem
? Converting Management problem into Research problem
? M P : want to increase sales of product A
? R P : what is the current the sale of product A
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
1.Defining Research Problem
? Followings to be considered
? 1 Determine the objective of the study
? 2.Consider various Environmental Forces
Purchasing habits, competitors, brand image, price, size of
market and target customers
? 3.Nature of the problem
Brand image, not buying, why to competitors product? Right target
audience?
? 4.Stating the alternatives
Developing hypothesis
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
1.Defining Research Problem
? Reviewing the literature
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
2. Formulation of Hypothesis
? A hypothesis is a proposition ? a tentative
assumption which a researcher wants to test for
its logical or empirical consequences.
? Eg.
? To increase the sales whether to introduce Sachet?
? Hypothesis: The acceptance of Sachet by customers will
increase the sales by 20%
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Formulating Hypothesis
? Hypothesis are generally concerned with the case of a certain
phenomenon or a relationship between two or more variables
? We make certain assumptions to about the parameter to be
tested- these assumptions are known as Hypothesis
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Formulating Hypothesis
? Null Hypothesis Ho : introducing sachet will increase
sales by 20%
? This is tested against
? Alternative Hypothesis H 1 : introducing sachet will not
increase sales
? Decisions to be taken whether Null Hypothesis is to
Accept or Reject
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
? Error 1
? Rejecting the null hypothesis when the fact is true
? Error 2
? Accepting the null hypothesis when the fact is not true
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
2. Method of Inquiry
? Qualitative ? subjectivity: This is used to analyze
those data which cannot be quantified. It is used
in exploratory research. Respondents are very
small compare to quantitative research.
? Quantitative ? objectivity : major of the numerical
data.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
3. Research Method
? Experimental :
extraneous variables are controlled
Eg: Which print advertisement is more effective?
Is it the front page, Middle page or the last page ?
? Non Experimental:
cannot control extraneous variables
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
4. Research Design
?Specific methods and procedures for acquiring the
Information needed?
Based on research method, research design works
Exploratory ? identification of problem
Descriptive ? describes characteristics or features
Causal- predictive, reasons why, relationship
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
5. Data collection Techniques
? What data to collect?
? How to collect the data?
Secondary:
Primary:
? Communication ? questionnaires, techniques
? Observation
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
6. Sample Design
? Where the sample is to be selected? - Consistency with
the population
? Process of selection ? Probability/Non probability
? Size of the sample ? n?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
7. Analysis and Interpretation
? Descriptive statistical measures ? count,
percentage, proportion, mean, variance..etc
? Univariate Analysis:
- Z-test (n>30), t-test (n<=30),(for continuous)
- Chi-square goodness of fit test (for categorical data)
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
? Bivariate Analysis:
- Cross tabulation with chi-square (for
categorical)
- Z-test, t-test, ANOVA(for continuous)
- Chi-square test (for categorical)
- correlation, regression
Data Can be analyzed through Bar
charts, Graphical representation also. AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
8. Research Report
?Written Report
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Research Methods
14MBA23
Module 1
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Objectives of Course
? To provide an understanding on the basic
concepts of research methods.
? To expose the students to the role that research
plays in business decisions.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Meaning
? Research in common man?s language refers to
? Search for knowledge?
? Research is an art of scientific investigation.
? It is also a systematic design, collection, analysis
and the reporting the findings ad solution for the
problems of business
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? Systematic approach towards purposeful
investigation.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? According to Robert Ross, ?research is essentially
an investigation, a recording and an analysis of
evidence for the purpose of gaining knowledge.?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Good research
? Objectivity : must answer research
question
? Control : all variables ? data, sampling
? Generalisability : same result with
identical method
? Free from personal bias :
? Systematic :
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Research
? Is essentially an investigation
? Is related with the solution of a problem
? It is based on observation or experimental evidences.
? It demands accurate observation or experimentation.
? In research, the researchers try to find out answers for
unsolved questions
? It should be carefully recorded and reported
Types of Research
? Grouped under two categories
? 1Fundamental research
?The science of psychology
? 2Applied research
?Apply the psychology
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?At beginning when the problem is not
cleared
Eg: sales decline in a company may be due to
inefficient service
price
promotion
quality
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?Expert surveys, focus groups, case studies
and observation methods.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Descriptive Research
?It is fact finding investigation.
?Describes the state of view as it exists at
present
?It does not establish cause and relationship
Eg: consumption of soft drinks with
socioeconomic character ? age, family, income
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Applied research
? Deals with real life situation
? Aims at finding immediate solutions to
problems.
? Eg: why the sales decreased during last quarter.
? Use of fibre body for cars instead of metal.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Pure/ Fundamental or basic
?Gathering knowledge
Eg: theory of relativity by Einstein
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Conceptual Research
?It is generally used by philosophers..
?It is related to some abstract idea or theory
Eg: ideology of ?isms?
Gandhism
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Casual Research
?To determine the cause and effect
relationship between the two variable
Eg: effect of advertisement on sales.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Historical Research
?Study of past records and data's
Eg: value of shares of company is predicted on
the historical research
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Ex-post facto Research/ Empirical
?Examination of relationship that exists
between independent and dependent
variable
Eg: what has happened because of
what is happening because of
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Action research
?Research is done directly by action
?Geographical location is identified
?Samples are selected
?Response is collected
Eg: test marketing
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Evaluation Research
?It is an applied research.
?It is conducted to find out how well planned
programmes are implemented
Eg: ?Success of Midday Meal Programme?
? Swatch Bharat Abhiyan?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Library Research
?It is done to gather secondary data
Eg: consumption of soft drinks with
socioeconomic character ? age, family, income
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Process of Research
1.Defining the research problem and reviewing the
literature
2.Formulation of hypothesis
3.Research Design
4.Collecting data
5.Analysing data and testing hypothesis
6.Preparation of report and preliminary analysis
7.Interpreting and reporting the findings
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Research Process
1. Problem formulation
2. Method of inquiry
3. Research method
4. Research design
5. Select data collection techniques(s)
6. Sample design
7. Data collection
8. Analysis and Interpretation
9. Findings, conclusions and recommendations.
10. Research report
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
1.Defining Research Problem
? Converting Management problem into Research problem
? M P : want to increase sales of product A
? R P : what is the current the sale of product A
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
1.Defining Research Problem
? Followings to be considered
? 1 Determine the objective of the study
? 2.Consider various Environmental Forces
Purchasing habits, competitors, brand image, price, size of
market and target customers
? 3.Nature of the problem
Brand image, not buying, why to competitors product? Right target
audience?
? 4.Stating the alternatives
Developing hypothesis
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
1.Defining Research Problem
? Reviewing the literature
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
2. Formulation of Hypothesis
? A hypothesis is a proposition ? a tentative
assumption which a researcher wants to test for
its logical or empirical consequences.
? Eg.
? To increase the sales whether to introduce Sachet?
? Hypothesis: The acceptance of Sachet by customers will
increase the sales by 20%
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Formulating Hypothesis
? Hypothesis are generally concerned with the case of a certain
phenomenon or a relationship between two or more variables
? We make certain assumptions to about the parameter to be
tested- these assumptions are known as Hypothesis
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Formulating Hypothesis
? Null Hypothesis Ho : introducing sachet will increase
sales by 20%
? This is tested against
? Alternative Hypothesis H 1 : introducing sachet will not
increase sales
? Decisions to be taken whether Null Hypothesis is to
Accept or Reject
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
? Error 1
? Rejecting the null hypothesis when the fact is true
? Error 2
? Accepting the null hypothesis when the fact is not true
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
2. Method of Inquiry
? Qualitative ? subjectivity: This is used to analyze
those data which cannot be quantified. It is used
in exploratory research. Respondents are very
small compare to quantitative research.
? Quantitative ? objectivity : major of the numerical
data.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
3. Research Method
? Experimental :
extraneous variables are controlled
Eg: Which print advertisement is more effective?
Is it the front page, Middle page or the last page ?
? Non Experimental:
cannot control extraneous variables
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
4. Research Design
?Specific methods and procedures for acquiring the
Information needed?
Based on research method, research design works
Exploratory ? identification of problem
Descriptive ? describes characteristics or features
Causal- predictive, reasons why, relationship
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
5. Data collection Techniques
? What data to collect?
? How to collect the data?
Secondary:
Primary:
? Communication ? questionnaires, techniques
? Observation
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
6. Sample Design
? Where the sample is to be selected? - Consistency with
the population
? Process of selection ? Probability/Non probability
? Size of the sample ? n?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
7. Analysis and Interpretation
? Descriptive statistical measures ? count,
percentage, proportion, mean, variance..etc
? Univariate Analysis:
- Z-test (n>30), t-test (n<=30),(for continuous)
- Chi-square goodness of fit test (for categorical data)
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
? Bivariate Analysis:
- Cross tabulation with chi-square (for
categorical)
- Z-test, t-test, ANOVA(for continuous)
- Chi-square test (for categorical)
- correlation, regression
Data Can be analyzed through Bar
charts, Graphical representation also. AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
8. Research Report
?Written Report
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Research Methods
14MBA23
Module 1
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Objectives of Course
? To provide an understanding on the basic
concepts of research methods.
? To expose the students to the role that research
plays in business decisions.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Meaning
? Research in common man?s language refers to
? Search for knowledge?
? Research is an art of scientific investigation.
? It is also a systematic design, collection, analysis
and the reporting the findings ad solution for the
problems of business
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? Systematic approach towards purposeful
investigation.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? According to Robert Ross, ?research is essentially
an investigation, a recording and an analysis of
evidence for the purpose of gaining knowledge.?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Good research
? Objectivity : must answer research
question
? Control : all variables ? data, sampling
? Generalisability : same result with
identical method
? Free from personal bias :
? Systematic :
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Research
? Is essentially an investigation
? Is related with the solution of a problem
? It is based on observation or experimental evidences.
? It demands accurate observation or experimentation.
? In research, the researchers try to find out answers for
unsolved questions
? It should be carefully recorded and reported
Types of Research
? Grouped under two categories
? 1Fundamental research
?The science of psychology
? 2Applied research
?Apply the psychology
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?At beginning when the problem is not
cleared
Eg: sales decline in a company may be due to
inefficient service
price
promotion
quality
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?Expert surveys, focus groups, case studies
and observation methods.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Descriptive Research
?It is fact finding investigation.
?Describes the state of view as it exists at
present
?It does not establish cause and relationship
Eg: consumption of soft drinks with
socioeconomic character ? age, family, income
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Applied research
? Deals with real life situation
? Aims at finding immediate solutions to
problems.
? Eg: why the sales decreased during last quarter.
? Use of fibre body for cars instead of metal.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Pure/ Fundamental or basic
?Gathering knowledge
Eg: theory of relativity by Einstein
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Conceptual Research
?It is generally used by philosophers..
?It is related to some abstract idea or theory
Eg: ideology of ?isms?
Gandhism
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Casual Research
?To determine the cause and effect
relationship between the two variable
Eg: effect of advertisement on sales.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Historical Research
?Study of past records and data's
Eg: value of shares of company is predicted on
the historical research
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Ex-post facto Research/ Empirical
?Examination of relationship that exists
between independent and dependent
variable
Eg: what has happened because of
what is happening because of
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Action research
?Research is done directly by action
?Geographical location is identified
?Samples are selected
?Response is collected
Eg: test marketing
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Evaluation Research
?It is an applied research.
?It is conducted to find out how well planned
programmes are implemented
Eg: ?Success of Midday Meal Programme?
? Swatch Bharat Abhiyan?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Library Research
?It is done to gather secondary data
Eg: consumption of soft drinks with
socioeconomic character ? age, family, income
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Process of Research
1.Defining the research problem and reviewing the
literature
2.Formulation of hypothesis
3.Research Design
4.Collecting data
5.Analysing data and testing hypothesis
6.Preparation of report and preliminary analysis
7.Interpreting and reporting the findings
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Research Process
1. Problem formulation
2. Method of inquiry
3. Research method
4. Research design
5. Select data collection techniques(s)
6. Sample design
7. Data collection
8. Analysis and Interpretation
9. Findings, conclusions and recommendations.
10. Research report
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
1.Defining Research Problem
? Converting Management problem into Research problem
? M P : want to increase sales of product A
? R P : what is the current the sale of product A
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
1.Defining Research Problem
? Followings to be considered
? 1 Determine the objective of the study
? 2.Consider various Environmental Forces
Purchasing habits, competitors, brand image, price, size of
market and target customers
? 3.Nature of the problem
Brand image, not buying, why to competitors product? Right target
audience?
? 4.Stating the alternatives
Developing hypothesis
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
1.Defining Research Problem
? Reviewing the literature
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
2. Formulation of Hypothesis
? A hypothesis is a proposition ? a tentative
assumption which a researcher wants to test for
its logical or empirical consequences.
? Eg.
? To increase the sales whether to introduce Sachet?
? Hypothesis: The acceptance of Sachet by customers will
increase the sales by 20%
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Formulating Hypothesis
? Hypothesis are generally concerned with the case of a certain
phenomenon or a relationship between two or more variables
? We make certain assumptions to about the parameter to be
tested- these assumptions are known as Hypothesis
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Formulating Hypothesis
? Null Hypothesis Ho : introducing sachet will increase
sales by 20%
? This is tested against
? Alternative Hypothesis H 1 : introducing sachet will not
increase sales
? Decisions to be taken whether Null Hypothesis is to
Accept or Reject
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
? Error 1
? Rejecting the null hypothesis when the fact is true
? Error 2
? Accepting the null hypothesis when the fact is not true
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
2. Method of Inquiry
? Qualitative ? subjectivity: This is used to analyze
those data which cannot be quantified. It is used
in exploratory research. Respondents are very
small compare to quantitative research.
? Quantitative ? objectivity : major of the numerical
data.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
3. Research Method
? Experimental :
extraneous variables are controlled
Eg: Which print advertisement is more effective?
Is it the front page, Middle page or the last page ?
? Non Experimental:
cannot control extraneous variables
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
4. Research Design
?Specific methods and procedures for acquiring the
Information needed?
Based on research method, research design works
Exploratory ? identification of problem
Descriptive ? describes characteristics or features
Causal- predictive, reasons why, relationship
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
5. Data collection Techniques
? What data to collect?
? How to collect the data?
Secondary:
Primary:
? Communication ? questionnaires, techniques
? Observation
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
6. Sample Design
? Where the sample is to be selected? - Consistency with
the population
? Process of selection ? Probability/Non probability
? Size of the sample ? n?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
7. Analysis and Interpretation
? Descriptive statistical measures ? count,
percentage, proportion, mean, variance..etc
? Univariate Analysis:
- Z-test (n>30), t-test (n<=30),(for continuous)
- Chi-square goodness of fit test (for categorical data)
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
? Bivariate Analysis:
- Cross tabulation with chi-square (for
categorical)
- Z-test, t-test, ANOVA(for continuous)
- Chi-square test (for categorical)
- correlation, regression
Data Can be analyzed through Bar
charts, Graphical representation also. AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
8. Research Report
?Written Report
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Research Methods
14MBA23
Module 1
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Objectives of Course
? To provide an understanding on the basic
concepts of research methods.
? To expose the students to the role that research
plays in business decisions.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Meaning
? Research in common man?s language refers to
? Search for knowledge?
? Research is an art of scientific investigation.
? It is also a systematic design, collection, analysis
and the reporting the findings ad solution for the
problems of business
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? Systematic approach towards purposeful
investigation.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? According to Robert Ross, ?research is essentially
an investigation, a recording and an analysis of
evidence for the purpose of gaining knowledge.?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Good research
? Objectivity : must answer research
question
? Control : all variables ? data, sampling
? Generalisability : same result with
identical method
? Free from personal bias :
? Systematic :
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Research
? Is essentially an investigation
? Is related with the solution of a problem
? It is based on observation or experimental evidences.
? It demands accurate observation or experimentation.
? In research, the researchers try to find out answers for
unsolved questions
? It should be carefully recorded and reported
Types of Research
? Grouped under two categories
? 1Fundamental research
?The science of psychology
? 2Applied research
?Apply the psychology
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?At beginning when the problem is not
cleared
Eg: sales decline in a company may be due to
inefficient service
price
promotion
quality
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?Expert surveys, focus groups, case studies
and observation methods.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Descriptive Research
?It is fact finding investigation.
?Describes the state of view as it exists at
present
?It does not establish cause and relationship
Eg: consumption of soft drinks with
socioeconomic character ? age, family, income
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Applied research
? Deals with real life situation
? Aims at finding immediate solutions to
problems.
? Eg: why the sales decreased during last quarter.
? Use of fibre body for cars instead of metal.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Pure/ Fundamental or basic
?Gathering knowledge
Eg: theory of relativity by Einstein
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Conceptual Research
?It is generally used by philosophers..
?It is related to some abstract idea or theory
Eg: ideology of ?isms?
Gandhism
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Casual Research
?To determine the cause and effect
relationship between the two variable
Eg: effect of advertisement on sales.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Historical Research
?Study of past records and data's
Eg: value of shares of company is predicted on
the historical research
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Ex-post facto Research/ Empirical
?Examination of relationship that exists
between independent and dependent
variable
Eg: what has happened because of
what is happening because of
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Action research
?Research is done directly by action
?Geographical location is identified
?Samples are selected
?Response is collected
Eg: test marketing
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Evaluation Research
?It is an applied research.
?It is conducted to find out how well planned
programmes are implemented
Eg: ?Success of Midday Meal Programme?
? Swatch Bharat Abhiyan?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Library Research
?It is done to gather secondary data
Eg: consumption of soft drinks with
socioeconomic character ? age, family, income
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Process of Research
1.Defining the research problem and reviewing the
literature
2.Formulation of hypothesis
3.Research Design
4.Collecting data
5.Analysing data and testing hypothesis
6.Preparation of report and preliminary analysis
7.Interpreting and reporting the findings
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Research Process
1. Problem formulation
2. Method of inquiry
3. Research method
4. Research design
5. Select data collection techniques(s)
6. Sample design
7. Data collection
8. Analysis and Interpretation
9. Findings, conclusions and recommendations.
10. Research report
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
1.Defining Research Problem
? Converting Management problem into Research problem
? M P : want to increase sales of product A
? R P : what is the current the sale of product A
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
1.Defining Research Problem
? Followings to be considered
? 1 Determine the objective of the study
? 2.Consider various Environmental Forces
Purchasing habits, competitors, brand image, price, size of
market and target customers
? 3.Nature of the problem
Brand image, not buying, why to competitors product? Right target
audience?
? 4.Stating the alternatives
Developing hypothesis
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
1.Defining Research Problem
? Reviewing the literature
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
2. Formulation of Hypothesis
? A hypothesis is a proposition ? a tentative
assumption which a researcher wants to test for
its logical or empirical consequences.
? Eg.
? To increase the sales whether to introduce Sachet?
? Hypothesis: The acceptance of Sachet by customers will
increase the sales by 20%
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Formulating Hypothesis
? Hypothesis are generally concerned with the case of a certain
phenomenon or a relationship between two or more variables
? We make certain assumptions to about the parameter to be
tested- these assumptions are known as Hypothesis
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Formulating Hypothesis
? Null Hypothesis Ho : introducing sachet will increase
sales by 20%
? This is tested against
? Alternative Hypothesis H 1 : introducing sachet will not
increase sales
? Decisions to be taken whether Null Hypothesis is to
Accept or Reject
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
? Error 1
? Rejecting the null hypothesis when the fact is true
? Error 2
? Accepting the null hypothesis when the fact is not true
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
2. Method of Inquiry
? Qualitative ? subjectivity: This is used to analyze
those data which cannot be quantified. It is used
in exploratory research. Respondents are very
small compare to quantitative research.
? Quantitative ? objectivity : major of the numerical
data.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
3. Research Method
? Experimental :
extraneous variables are controlled
Eg: Which print advertisement is more effective?
Is it the front page, Middle page or the last page ?
? Non Experimental:
cannot control extraneous variables
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
4. Research Design
?Specific methods and procedures for acquiring the
Information needed?
Based on research method, research design works
Exploratory ? identification of problem
Descriptive ? describes characteristics or features
Causal- predictive, reasons why, relationship
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
5. Data collection Techniques
? What data to collect?
? How to collect the data?
Secondary:
Primary:
? Communication ? questionnaires, techniques
? Observation
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
6. Sample Design
? Where the sample is to be selected? - Consistency with
the population
? Process of selection ? Probability/Non probability
? Size of the sample ? n?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
7. Analysis and Interpretation
? Descriptive statistical measures ? count,
percentage, proportion, mean, variance..etc
? Univariate Analysis:
- Z-test (n>30), t-test (n<=30),(for continuous)
- Chi-square goodness of fit test (for categorical data)
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
? Bivariate Analysis:
- Cross tabulation with chi-square (for
categorical)
- Z-test, t-test, ANOVA(for continuous)
- Chi-square test (for categorical)
- correlation, regression
Data Can be analyzed through Bar
charts, Graphical representation also. AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
8. Research Report
?Written Report
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Research Methods
14MBA23
Module 1
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Objectives of Course
? To provide an understanding on the basic
concepts of research methods.
? To expose the students to the role that research
plays in business decisions.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Meaning
? Research in common man?s language refers to
? Search for knowledge?
? Research is an art of scientific investigation.
? It is also a systematic design, collection, analysis
and the reporting the findings ad solution for the
problems of business
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? Systematic approach towards purposeful
investigation.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? According to Robert Ross, ?research is essentially
an investigation, a recording and an analysis of
evidence for the purpose of gaining knowledge.?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Good research
? Objectivity : must answer research
question
? Control : all variables ? data, sampling
? Generalisability : same result with
identical method
? Free from personal bias :
? Systematic :
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Research
? Is essentially an investigation
? Is related with the solution of a problem
? It is based on observation or experimental evidences.
? It demands accurate observation or experimentation.
? In research, the researchers try to find out answers for
unsolved questions
? It should be carefully recorded and reported
Types of Research
? Grouped under two categories
? 1Fundamental research
?The science of psychology
? 2Applied research
?Apply the psychology
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?At beginning when the problem is not
cleared
Eg: sales decline in a company may be due to
inefficient service
price
promotion
quality
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?Expert surveys, focus groups, case studies
and observation methods.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Descriptive Research
?It is fact finding investigation.
?Describes the state of view as it exists at
present
?It does not establish cause and relationship
Eg: consumption of soft drinks with
socioeconomic character ? age, family, income
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Applied research
? Deals with real life situation
? Aims at finding immediate solutions to
problems.
? Eg: why the sales decreased during last quarter.
? Use of fibre body for cars instead of metal.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Pure/ Fundamental or basic
?Gathering knowledge
Eg: theory of relativity by Einstein
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Conceptual Research
?It is generally used by philosophers..
?It is related to some abstract idea or theory
Eg: ideology of ?isms?
Gandhism
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Casual Research
?To determine the cause and effect
relationship between the two variable
Eg: effect of advertisement on sales.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Historical Research
?Study of past records and data's
Eg: value of shares of company is predicted on
the historical research
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Ex-post facto Research/ Empirical
?Examination of relationship that exists
between independent and dependent
variable
Eg: what has happened because of
what is happening because of
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Action research
?Research is done directly by action
?Geographical location is identified
?Samples are selected
?Response is collected
Eg: test marketing
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Evaluation Research
?It is an applied research.
?It is conducted to find out how well planned
programmes are implemented
Eg: ?Success of Midday Meal Programme?
? Swatch Bharat Abhiyan?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Library Research
?It is done to gather secondary data
Eg: consumption of soft drinks with
socioeconomic character ? age, family, income
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Process of Research
1.Defining the research problem and reviewing the
literature
2.Formulation of hypothesis
3.Research Design
4.Collecting data
5.Analysing data and testing hypothesis
6.Preparation of report and preliminary analysis
7.Interpreting and reporting the findings
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Research Process
1. Problem formulation
2. Method of inquiry
3. Research method
4. Research design
5. Select data collection techniques(s)
6. Sample design
7. Data collection
8. Analysis and Interpretation
9. Findings, conclusions and recommendations.
10. Research report
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
1.Defining Research Problem
? Converting Management problem into Research problem
? M P : want to increase sales of product A
? R P : what is the current the sale of product A
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
1.Defining Research Problem
? Followings to be considered
? 1 Determine the objective of the study
? 2.Consider various Environmental Forces
Purchasing habits, competitors, brand image, price, size of
market and target customers
? 3.Nature of the problem
Brand image, not buying, why to competitors product? Right target
audience?
? 4.Stating the alternatives
Developing hypothesis
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
1.Defining Research Problem
? Reviewing the literature
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
2. Formulation of Hypothesis
? A hypothesis is a proposition ? a tentative
assumption which a researcher wants to test for
its logical or empirical consequences.
? Eg.
? To increase the sales whether to introduce Sachet?
? Hypothesis: The acceptance of Sachet by customers will
increase the sales by 20%
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Formulating Hypothesis
? Hypothesis are generally concerned with the case of a certain
phenomenon or a relationship between two or more variables
? We make certain assumptions to about the parameter to be
tested- these assumptions are known as Hypothesis
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Formulating Hypothesis
? Null Hypothesis Ho : introducing sachet will increase
sales by 20%
? This is tested against
? Alternative Hypothesis H 1 : introducing sachet will not
increase sales
? Decisions to be taken whether Null Hypothesis is to
Accept or Reject
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
? Error 1
? Rejecting the null hypothesis when the fact is true
? Error 2
? Accepting the null hypothesis when the fact is not true
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
2. Method of Inquiry
? Qualitative ? subjectivity: This is used to analyze
those data which cannot be quantified. It is used
in exploratory research. Respondents are very
small compare to quantitative research.
? Quantitative ? objectivity : major of the numerical
data.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
3. Research Method
? Experimental :
extraneous variables are controlled
Eg: Which print advertisement is more effective?
Is it the front page, Middle page or the last page ?
? Non Experimental:
cannot control extraneous variables
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
4. Research Design
?Specific methods and procedures for acquiring the
Information needed?
Based on research method, research design works
Exploratory ? identification of problem
Descriptive ? describes characteristics or features
Causal- predictive, reasons why, relationship
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
5. Data collection Techniques
? What data to collect?
? How to collect the data?
Secondary:
Primary:
? Communication ? questionnaires, techniques
? Observation
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
6. Sample Design
? Where the sample is to be selected? - Consistency with
the population
? Process of selection ? Probability/Non probability
? Size of the sample ? n?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
7. Analysis and Interpretation
? Descriptive statistical measures ? count,
percentage, proportion, mean, variance..etc
? Univariate Analysis:
- Z-test (n>30), t-test (n<=30),(for continuous)
- Chi-square goodness of fit test (for categorical data)
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
? Bivariate Analysis:
- Cross tabulation with chi-square (for
categorical)
- Z-test, t-test, ANOVA(for continuous)
- Chi-square test (for categorical)
- correlation, regression
Data Can be analyzed through Bar
charts, Graphical representation also. AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
8. Research Report
?Written Report
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Explain various Research Application in
Business Decision making.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Research Methods
14MBA23
Module 1
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Objectives of Course
? To provide an understanding on the basic
concepts of research methods.
? To expose the students to the role that research
plays in business decisions.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Meaning
? Research in common man?s language refers to
? Search for knowledge?
? Research is an art of scientific investigation.
? It is also a systematic design, collection, analysis
and the reporting the findings ad solution for the
problems of business
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? Systematic approach towards purposeful
investigation.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Definition
? According to Robert Ross, ?research is essentially
an investigation, a recording and an analysis of
evidence for the purpose of gaining knowledge.?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Good research
? Objectivity : must answer research
question
? Control : all variables ? data, sampling
? Generalisability : same result with
identical method
? Free from personal bias :
? Systematic :
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Features of Research
? Is essentially an investigation
? Is related with the solution of a problem
? It is based on observation or experimental evidences.
? It demands accurate observation or experimentation.
? In research, the researchers try to find out answers for
unsolved questions
? It should be carefully recorded and reported
Types of Research
? Grouped under two categories
? 1Fundamental research
?The science of psychology
? 2Applied research
?Apply the psychology
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?At beginning when the problem is not
cleared
Eg: sales decline in a company may be due to
inefficient service
price
promotion
quality
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Exploratory research
?Expert surveys, focus groups, case studies
and observation methods.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Descriptive Research
?It is fact finding investigation.
?Describes the state of view as it exists at
present
?It does not establish cause and relationship
Eg: consumption of soft drinks with
socioeconomic character ? age, family, income
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Applied research
? Deals with real life situation
? Aims at finding immediate solutions to
problems.
? Eg: why the sales decreased during last quarter.
? Use of fibre body for cars instead of metal.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Pure/ Fundamental or basic
?Gathering knowledge
Eg: theory of relativity by Einstein
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Conceptual Research
?It is generally used by philosophers..
?It is related to some abstract idea or theory
Eg: ideology of ?isms?
Gandhism
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Casual Research
?To determine the cause and effect
relationship between the two variable
Eg: effect of advertisement on sales.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Historical Research
?Study of past records and data's
Eg: value of shares of company is predicted on
the historical research
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Ex-post facto Research/ Empirical
?Examination of relationship that exists
between independent and dependent
variable
Eg: what has happened because of
what is happening because of
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Action research
?Research is done directly by action
?Geographical location is identified
?Samples are selected
?Response is collected
Eg: test marketing
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Evaluation Research
?It is an applied research.
?It is conducted to find out how well planned
programmes are implemented
Eg: ?Success of Midday Meal Programme?
? Swatch Bharat Abhiyan?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Types of Research
? Library Research
?It is done to gather secondary data
Eg: consumption of soft drinks with
socioeconomic character ? age, family, income
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Process of Research
1.Defining the research problem and reviewing the
literature
2.Formulation of hypothesis
3.Research Design
4.Collecting data
5.Analysing data and testing hypothesis
6.Preparation of report and preliminary analysis
7.Interpreting and reporting the findings
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Research Process
1. Problem formulation
2. Method of inquiry
3. Research method
4. Research design
5. Select data collection techniques(s)
6. Sample design
7. Data collection
8. Analysis and Interpretation
9. Findings, conclusions and recommendations.
10. Research report
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
1.Defining Research Problem
? Converting Management problem into Research problem
? M P : want to increase sales of product A
? R P : what is the current the sale of product A
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
1.Defining Research Problem
? Followings to be considered
? 1 Determine the objective of the study
? 2.Consider various Environmental Forces
Purchasing habits, competitors, brand image, price, size of
market and target customers
? 3.Nature of the problem
Brand image, not buying, why to competitors product? Right target
audience?
? 4.Stating the alternatives
Developing hypothesis
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
1.Defining Research Problem
? Reviewing the literature
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
2. Formulation of Hypothesis
? A hypothesis is a proposition ? a tentative
assumption which a researcher wants to test for
its logical or empirical consequences.
? Eg.
? To increase the sales whether to introduce Sachet?
? Hypothesis: The acceptance of Sachet by customers will
increase the sales by 20%
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Formulating Hypothesis
? Hypothesis are generally concerned with the case of a certain
phenomenon or a relationship between two or more variables
? We make certain assumptions to about the parameter to be
tested- these assumptions are known as Hypothesis
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Formulating Hypothesis
? Null Hypothesis Ho : introducing sachet will increase
sales by 20%
? This is tested against
? Alternative Hypothesis H 1 : introducing sachet will not
increase sales
? Decisions to be taken whether Null Hypothesis is to
Accept or Reject
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
? Error 1
? Rejecting the null hypothesis when the fact is true
? Error 2
? Accepting the null hypothesis when the fact is not true
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
2. Method of Inquiry
? Qualitative ? subjectivity: This is used to analyze
those data which cannot be quantified. It is used
in exploratory research. Respondents are very
small compare to quantitative research.
? Quantitative ? objectivity : major of the numerical
data.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
3. Research Method
? Experimental :
extraneous variables are controlled
Eg: Which print advertisement is more effective?
Is it the front page, Middle page or the last page ?
? Non Experimental:
cannot control extraneous variables
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
4. Research Design
?Specific methods and procedures for acquiring the
Information needed?
Based on research method, research design works
Exploratory ? identification of problem
Descriptive ? describes characteristics or features
Causal- predictive, reasons why, relationship
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
5. Data collection Techniques
? What data to collect?
? How to collect the data?
Secondary:
Primary:
? Communication ? questionnaires, techniques
? Observation
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
6. Sample Design
? Where the sample is to be selected? - Consistency with
the population
? Process of selection ? Probability/Non probability
? Size of the sample ? n?
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
7. Analysis and Interpretation
? Descriptive statistical measures ? count,
percentage, proportion, mean, variance..etc
? Univariate Analysis:
- Z-test (n>30), t-test (n<=30),(for continuous)
- Chi-square goodness of fit test (for categorical data)
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
? Bivariate Analysis:
- Cross tabulation with chi-square (for
categorical)
- Z-test, t-test, ANOVA(for continuous)
- Chi-square test (for categorical)
- correlation, regression
Data Can be analyzed through Bar
charts, Graphical representation also. AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
8. Research Report
?Written Report
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
Explain various Research Application in
Business Decision making.
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
?https://www.youtube.com/watc
h?v=7AMyRwMC0eo
AKASH S MITE MOODBIDRI
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
This post was last modified on 18 February 2020