Download VTU MBA 3rd Sem 16MBAHR302-Recruitment and Selection Testing and interview chapter 6 -Important Notes

Download VTU (Visvesvaraya Technological University) MBA 3rd Semester (Third Semester) 16MBAHR302-Recruitment and Selection Testing and interview chapter 6 Important Lecture Notes (MBA Study Material Notes)

Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
? The?general?intelligence,? g,?influences?the?
performance?on?all?mental?tasks,?while?another?
component?influences?abilities?on?a?particular?
task.
[7]
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
? The?general?intelligence,? g,?influences?the?
performance?on?all?mental?tasks,?while?another?
component?influences?abilities?on?a?particular?
task.
[7]
? Raven's Progressive Matrices?(often?referred?to?simply?as?Raven's
Matrices)?or?RPM?is?a?nonverbal?group?test?typically?used?in?
educational?settings.
? ?It?is?usually?a?60-item?test?used?in?measuring?abstract?reasoning?and?
regarded?as?a?non-verbal?estimate?of?fluid?intelligence.
[
? 1]
?It?is?the?most?common?and?popular?test?administered?to?groups?
ranging?from?5-year-olds?to?the?elderly.
[2]
? ?It?is?made?of?60?multiple?choice?questions,?listed?in?order?of?
difficulty.
[2
? ]
?This?format?is?designed?to?measure?the?test?taker's?reasoning?ability,?
the?eductive?("meaning-making")?component?of?Spearman's? g?( g?is?
often?referred?to?as?general?intelligence).?
? The?tests?were?originally?developed?by?John?C.?Raven?in?1936.
[3]
?In?
each?test?item,?the?subject?is?asked?to?identify?the?missing?element?
that?completes?a?pattern.
? ?Many?patterns?are?presented?in?the?form?of?a?6?6,?4?4,?3?3,?or?
2?2?matrix,?giving?the?test?its?name.
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
? The?general?intelligence,? g,?influences?the?
performance?on?all?mental?tasks,?while?another?
component?influences?abilities?on?a?particular?
task.
[7]
? Raven's Progressive Matrices?(often?referred?to?simply?as?Raven's
Matrices)?or?RPM?is?a?nonverbal?group?test?typically?used?in?
educational?settings.
? ?It?is?usually?a?60-item?test?used?in?measuring?abstract?reasoning?and?
regarded?as?a?non-verbal?estimate?of?fluid?intelligence.
[
? 1]
?It?is?the?most?common?and?popular?test?administered?to?groups?
ranging?from?5-year-olds?to?the?elderly.
[2]
? ?It?is?made?of?60?multiple?choice?questions,?listed?in?order?of?
difficulty.
[2
? ]
?This?format?is?designed?to?measure?the?test?taker's?reasoning?ability,?
the?eductive?("meaning-making")?component?of?Spearman's? g?( g?is?
often?referred?to?as?general?intelligence).?
? The?tests?were?originally?developed?by?John?C.?Raven?in?1936.
[3]
?In?
each?test?item,?the?subject?is?asked?to?identify?the?missing?element?
that?completes?a?pattern.
? ?Many?patterns?are?presented?in?the?form?of?a?6?6,?4?4,?3?3,?or?
2?2?matrix,?giving?the?test?its?name.
? All of the questions on the Raven's progressives
consist of visual geometric design with a missing
piece. The test taker is given six to eight choices to
pick from and fill in the missing piece.
[4]
? An IQ test item in the style of a Raven's
Progressive Matrices test. Given eight patterns,
the subject must identify the missing ninth
pattern
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
? The?general?intelligence,? g,?influences?the?
performance?on?all?mental?tasks,?while?another?
component?influences?abilities?on?a?particular?
task.
[7]
? Raven's Progressive Matrices?(often?referred?to?simply?as?Raven's
Matrices)?or?RPM?is?a?nonverbal?group?test?typically?used?in?
educational?settings.
? ?It?is?usually?a?60-item?test?used?in?measuring?abstract?reasoning?and?
regarded?as?a?non-verbal?estimate?of?fluid?intelligence.
[
? 1]
?It?is?the?most?common?and?popular?test?administered?to?groups?
ranging?from?5-year-olds?to?the?elderly.
[2]
? ?It?is?made?of?60?multiple?choice?questions,?listed?in?order?of?
difficulty.
[2
? ]
?This?format?is?designed?to?measure?the?test?taker's?reasoning?ability,?
the?eductive?("meaning-making")?component?of?Spearman's? g?( g?is?
often?referred?to?as?general?intelligence).?
? The?tests?were?originally?developed?by?John?C.?Raven?in?1936.
[3]
?In?
each?test?item,?the?subject?is?asked?to?identify?the?missing?element?
that?completes?a?pattern.
? ?Many?patterns?are?presented?in?the?form?of?a?6?6,?4?4,?3?3,?or?
2?2?matrix,?giving?the?test?its?name.
? All of the questions on the Raven's progressives
consist of visual geometric design with a missing
piece. The test taker is given six to eight choices to
pick from and fill in the missing piece.
[4]
? An IQ test item in the style of a Raven's
Progressive Matrices test. Given eight patterns,
the subject must identify the missing ninth
pattern
The Matrices are available in three different forms
for participants of different ability:
? Standard Progressive Matrices-This was
developed to assess a person?s intellectual ability
at the time of testing him with design or patterns.
? Person has to find relation between designs and
perform task. The booklet comprises five sets (A
to E) of 12 items each (e.g., A1 through A12),
? A and B-6 piece designs
? B & c-8 pieces of design. All items are presented
in black ink on a white background
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
? The?general?intelligence,? g,?influences?the?
performance?on?all?mental?tasks,?while?another?
component?influences?abilities?on?a?particular?
task.
[7]
? Raven's Progressive Matrices?(often?referred?to?simply?as?Raven's
Matrices)?or?RPM?is?a?nonverbal?group?test?typically?used?in?
educational?settings.
? ?It?is?usually?a?60-item?test?used?in?measuring?abstract?reasoning?and?
regarded?as?a?non-verbal?estimate?of?fluid?intelligence.
[
? 1]
?It?is?the?most?common?and?popular?test?administered?to?groups?
ranging?from?5-year-olds?to?the?elderly.
[2]
? ?It?is?made?of?60?multiple?choice?questions,?listed?in?order?of?
difficulty.
[2
? ]
?This?format?is?designed?to?measure?the?test?taker's?reasoning?ability,?
the?eductive?("meaning-making")?component?of?Spearman's? g?( g?is?
often?referred?to?as?general?intelligence).?
? The?tests?were?originally?developed?by?John?C.?Raven?in?1936.
[3]
?In?
each?test?item,?the?subject?is?asked?to?identify?the?missing?element?
that?completes?a?pattern.
? ?Many?patterns?are?presented?in?the?form?of?a?6?6,?4?4,?3?3,?or?
2?2?matrix,?giving?the?test?its?name.
? All of the questions on the Raven's progressives
consist of visual geometric design with a missing
piece. The test taker is given six to eight choices to
pick from and fill in the missing piece.
[4]
? An IQ test item in the style of a Raven's
Progressive Matrices test. Given eight patterns,
the subject must identify the missing ninth
pattern
The Matrices are available in three different forms
for participants of different ability:
? Standard Progressive Matrices-This was
developed to assess a person?s intellectual ability
at the time of testing him with design or patterns.
? Person has to find relation between designs and
perform task. The booklet comprises five sets (A
to E) of 12 items each (e.g., A1 through A12),
? A and B-6 piece designs
? B & c-8 pieces of design. All items are presented
in black ink on a white background
? Coloured Progressive Matrices-Designed for
children aged 5 through 11 years-of-age, the
elderly, and mentally and physically impaired
individual participants.
? Tests the intellectual capacity of young
children and people.
? Coloured progressive matrixes-assess a
persons capacity of level of observation and
clear thinking
? This is a language free test
? The scale has two sets A and b and ab set
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
? The?general?intelligence,? g,?influences?the?
performance?on?all?mental?tasks,?while?another?
component?influences?abilities?on?a?particular?
task.
[7]
? Raven's Progressive Matrices?(often?referred?to?simply?as?Raven's
Matrices)?or?RPM?is?a?nonverbal?group?test?typically?used?in?
educational?settings.
? ?It?is?usually?a?60-item?test?used?in?measuring?abstract?reasoning?and?
regarded?as?a?non-verbal?estimate?of?fluid?intelligence.
[
? 1]
?It?is?the?most?common?and?popular?test?administered?to?groups?
ranging?from?5-year-olds?to?the?elderly.
[2]
? ?It?is?made?of?60?multiple?choice?questions,?listed?in?order?of?
difficulty.
[2
? ]
?This?format?is?designed?to?measure?the?test?taker's?reasoning?ability,?
the?eductive?("meaning-making")?component?of?Spearman's? g?( g?is?
often?referred?to?as?general?intelligence).?
? The?tests?were?originally?developed?by?John?C.?Raven?in?1936.
[3]
?In?
each?test?item,?the?subject?is?asked?to?identify?the?missing?element?
that?completes?a?pattern.
? ?Many?patterns?are?presented?in?the?form?of?a?6?6,?4?4,?3?3,?or?
2?2?matrix,?giving?the?test?its?name.
? All of the questions on the Raven's progressives
consist of visual geometric design with a missing
piece. The test taker is given six to eight choices to
pick from and fill in the missing piece.
[4]
? An IQ test item in the style of a Raven's
Progressive Matrices test. Given eight patterns,
the subject must identify the missing ninth
pattern
The Matrices are available in three different forms
for participants of different ability:
? Standard Progressive Matrices-This was
developed to assess a person?s intellectual ability
at the time of testing him with design or patterns.
? Person has to find relation between designs and
perform task. The booklet comprises five sets (A
to E) of 12 items each (e.g., A1 through A12),
? A and B-6 piece designs
? B & c-8 pieces of design. All items are presented
in black ink on a white background
? Coloured Progressive Matrices-Designed for
children aged 5 through 11 years-of-age, the
elderly, and mentally and physically impaired
individual participants.
? Tests the intellectual capacity of young
children and people.
? Coloured progressive matrixes-assess a
persons capacity of level of observation and
clear thinking
? This is a language free test
? The scale has two sets A and b and ab set
Advanced Progressive Matrices
? ?Persons?who?are?above?11?years?and?those?
who?are?above?average?in?mental?ability.
? Time?limit
? The?first?set?has?12?problems,2
nd
?set?contains?
48?items,?presented?as?one?set?of?12?(set?I),?
and?another?of?36?(set?II).?
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
? The?general?intelligence,? g,?influences?the?
performance?on?all?mental?tasks,?while?another?
component?influences?abilities?on?a?particular?
task.
[7]
? Raven's Progressive Matrices?(often?referred?to?simply?as?Raven's
Matrices)?or?RPM?is?a?nonverbal?group?test?typically?used?in?
educational?settings.
? ?It?is?usually?a?60-item?test?used?in?measuring?abstract?reasoning?and?
regarded?as?a?non-verbal?estimate?of?fluid?intelligence.
[
? 1]
?It?is?the?most?common?and?popular?test?administered?to?groups?
ranging?from?5-year-olds?to?the?elderly.
[2]
? ?It?is?made?of?60?multiple?choice?questions,?listed?in?order?of?
difficulty.
[2
? ]
?This?format?is?designed?to?measure?the?test?taker's?reasoning?ability,?
the?eductive?("meaning-making")?component?of?Spearman's? g?( g?is?
often?referred?to?as?general?intelligence).?
? The?tests?were?originally?developed?by?John?C.?Raven?in?1936.
[3]
?In?
each?test?item,?the?subject?is?asked?to?identify?the?missing?element?
that?completes?a?pattern.
? ?Many?patterns?are?presented?in?the?form?of?a?6?6,?4?4,?3?3,?or?
2?2?matrix,?giving?the?test?its?name.
? All of the questions on the Raven's progressives
consist of visual geometric design with a missing
piece. The test taker is given six to eight choices to
pick from and fill in the missing piece.
[4]
? An IQ test item in the style of a Raven's
Progressive Matrices test. Given eight patterns,
the subject must identify the missing ninth
pattern
The Matrices are available in three different forms
for participants of different ability:
? Standard Progressive Matrices-This was
developed to assess a person?s intellectual ability
at the time of testing him with design or patterns.
? Person has to find relation between designs and
perform task. The booklet comprises five sets (A
to E) of 12 items each (e.g., A1 through A12),
? A and B-6 piece designs
? B & c-8 pieces of design. All items are presented
in black ink on a white background
? Coloured Progressive Matrices-Designed for
children aged 5 through 11 years-of-age, the
elderly, and mentally and physically impaired
individual participants.
? Tests the intellectual capacity of young
children and people.
? Coloured progressive matrixes-assess a
persons capacity of level of observation and
clear thinking
? This is a language free test
? The scale has two sets A and b and ab set
Advanced Progressive Matrices
? ?Persons?who?are?above?11?years?and?those?
who?are?above?average?in?mental?ability.
? Time?limit
? The?first?set?has?12?problems,2
nd
?set?contains?
48?items,?presented?as?one?set?of?12?(set?I),?
and?another?of?36?(set?II).?
Difference between individual test and
group test
Basic difference Individual test Group test
Sample size Small sample Ultra large samples
Format Open ended Multi choice
Examiner's role Significant role, Minimal role
Time factors More time consuming Less time consuming
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
? The?general?intelligence,? g,?influences?the?
performance?on?all?mental?tasks,?while?another?
component?influences?abilities?on?a?particular?
task.
[7]
? Raven's Progressive Matrices?(often?referred?to?simply?as?Raven's
Matrices)?or?RPM?is?a?nonverbal?group?test?typically?used?in?
educational?settings.
? ?It?is?usually?a?60-item?test?used?in?measuring?abstract?reasoning?and?
regarded?as?a?non-verbal?estimate?of?fluid?intelligence.
[
? 1]
?It?is?the?most?common?and?popular?test?administered?to?groups?
ranging?from?5-year-olds?to?the?elderly.
[2]
? ?It?is?made?of?60?multiple?choice?questions,?listed?in?order?of?
difficulty.
[2
? ]
?This?format?is?designed?to?measure?the?test?taker's?reasoning?ability,?
the?eductive?("meaning-making")?component?of?Spearman's? g?( g?is?
often?referred?to?as?general?intelligence).?
? The?tests?were?originally?developed?by?John?C.?Raven?in?1936.
[3]
?In?
each?test?item,?the?subject?is?asked?to?identify?the?missing?element?
that?completes?a?pattern.
? ?Many?patterns?are?presented?in?the?form?of?a?6?6,?4?4,?3?3,?or?
2?2?matrix,?giving?the?test?its?name.
? All of the questions on the Raven's progressives
consist of visual geometric design with a missing
piece. The test taker is given six to eight choices to
pick from and fill in the missing piece.
[4]
? An IQ test item in the style of a Raven's
Progressive Matrices test. Given eight patterns,
the subject must identify the missing ninth
pattern
The Matrices are available in three different forms
for participants of different ability:
? Standard Progressive Matrices-This was
developed to assess a person?s intellectual ability
at the time of testing him with design or patterns.
? Person has to find relation between designs and
perform task. The booklet comprises five sets (A
to E) of 12 items each (e.g., A1 through A12),
? A and B-6 piece designs
? B & c-8 pieces of design. All items are presented
in black ink on a white background
? Coloured Progressive Matrices-Designed for
children aged 5 through 11 years-of-age, the
elderly, and mentally and physically impaired
individual participants.
? Tests the intellectual capacity of young
children and people.
? Coloured progressive matrixes-assess a
persons capacity of level of observation and
clear thinking
? This is a language free test
? The scale has two sets A and b and ab set
Advanced Progressive Matrices
? ?Persons?who?are?above?11?years?and?those?
who?are?above?average?in?mental?ability.
? Time?limit
? The?first?set?has?12?problems,2
nd
?set?contains?
48?items,?presented?as?one?set?of?12?(set?I),?
and?another?of?36?(set?II).?
Difference between individual test and
group test
Basic difference Individual test Group test
Sample size Small sample Ultra large samples
Format Open ended Multi choice
Examiner's role Significant role, Minimal role
Time factors More time consuming Less time consuming
Physical & personality test
? Physical abilities use tasks or abilities that
require physical ability to perform
? Measure physical attributes and characteristics
? Personality Assessment test:
? Personality means how people affect othersand
how they understand and view themselves as
well as their pattern of inner and outer
measurable traits and person situation
interaction
? Not a single characteristic; multidimensional in
nature with many interacting elements
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
? The?general?intelligence,? g,?influences?the?
performance?on?all?mental?tasks,?while?another?
component?influences?abilities?on?a?particular?
task.
[7]
? Raven's Progressive Matrices?(often?referred?to?simply?as?Raven's
Matrices)?or?RPM?is?a?nonverbal?group?test?typically?used?in?
educational?settings.
? ?It?is?usually?a?60-item?test?used?in?measuring?abstract?reasoning?and?
regarded?as?a?non-verbal?estimate?of?fluid?intelligence.
[
? 1]
?It?is?the?most?common?and?popular?test?administered?to?groups?
ranging?from?5-year-olds?to?the?elderly.
[2]
? ?It?is?made?of?60?multiple?choice?questions,?listed?in?order?of?
difficulty.
[2
? ]
?This?format?is?designed?to?measure?the?test?taker's?reasoning?ability,?
the?eductive?("meaning-making")?component?of?Spearman's? g?( g?is?
often?referred?to?as?general?intelligence).?
? The?tests?were?originally?developed?by?John?C.?Raven?in?1936.
[3]
?In?
each?test?item,?the?subject?is?asked?to?identify?the?missing?element?
that?completes?a?pattern.
? ?Many?patterns?are?presented?in?the?form?of?a?6?6,?4?4,?3?3,?or?
2?2?matrix,?giving?the?test?its?name.
? All of the questions on the Raven's progressives
consist of visual geometric design with a missing
piece. The test taker is given six to eight choices to
pick from and fill in the missing piece.
[4]
? An IQ test item in the style of a Raven's
Progressive Matrices test. Given eight patterns,
the subject must identify the missing ninth
pattern
The Matrices are available in three different forms
for participants of different ability:
? Standard Progressive Matrices-This was
developed to assess a person?s intellectual ability
at the time of testing him with design or patterns.
? Person has to find relation between designs and
perform task. The booklet comprises five sets (A
to E) of 12 items each (e.g., A1 through A12),
? A and B-6 piece designs
? B & c-8 pieces of design. All items are presented
in black ink on a white background
? Coloured Progressive Matrices-Designed for
children aged 5 through 11 years-of-age, the
elderly, and mentally and physically impaired
individual participants.
? Tests the intellectual capacity of young
children and people.
? Coloured progressive matrixes-assess a
persons capacity of level of observation and
clear thinking
? This is a language free test
? The scale has two sets A and b and ab set
Advanced Progressive Matrices
? ?Persons?who?are?above?11?years?and?those?
who?are?above?average?in?mental?ability.
? Time?limit
? The?first?set?has?12?problems,2
nd
?set?contains?
48?items,?presented?as?one?set?of?12?(set?I),?
and?another?of?36?(set?II).?
Difference between individual test and
group test
Basic difference Individual test Group test
Sample size Small sample Ultra large samples
Format Open ended Multi choice
Examiner's role Significant role, Minimal role
Time factors More time consuming Less time consuming
Physical & personality test
? Physical abilities use tasks or abilities that
require physical ability to perform
? Measure physical attributes and characteristics
? Personality Assessment test:
? Personality means how people affect othersand
how they understand and view themselves as
well as their pattern of inner and outer
measurable traits and person situation
interaction
? Not a single characteristic; multidimensional in
nature with many interacting elements
Personality?assessment?test
? A?personality? test?is? a? questionnaire? or? other?
standardized? instrument? designed? to? reveal?
aspects? of? an? individual's? character? or?
psychological? makeup.? The? first?personality?
tests?were? developed? in? the? 1920s? and? were?
intended? to? ease? the? process? of? personnel?
selection,?particularly?in?the?armed?forces.?
? the?combination?of?characteristics?or?qualities?
that?form?an?individual's?distinctive?character.
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
? The?general?intelligence,? g,?influences?the?
performance?on?all?mental?tasks,?while?another?
component?influences?abilities?on?a?particular?
task.
[7]
? Raven's Progressive Matrices?(often?referred?to?simply?as?Raven's
Matrices)?or?RPM?is?a?nonverbal?group?test?typically?used?in?
educational?settings.
? ?It?is?usually?a?60-item?test?used?in?measuring?abstract?reasoning?and?
regarded?as?a?non-verbal?estimate?of?fluid?intelligence.
[
? 1]
?It?is?the?most?common?and?popular?test?administered?to?groups?
ranging?from?5-year-olds?to?the?elderly.
[2]
? ?It?is?made?of?60?multiple?choice?questions,?listed?in?order?of?
difficulty.
[2
? ]
?This?format?is?designed?to?measure?the?test?taker's?reasoning?ability,?
the?eductive?("meaning-making")?component?of?Spearman's? g?( g?is?
often?referred?to?as?general?intelligence).?
? The?tests?were?originally?developed?by?John?C.?Raven?in?1936.
[3]
?In?
each?test?item,?the?subject?is?asked?to?identify?the?missing?element?
that?completes?a?pattern.
? ?Many?patterns?are?presented?in?the?form?of?a?6?6,?4?4,?3?3,?or?
2?2?matrix,?giving?the?test?its?name.
? All of the questions on the Raven's progressives
consist of visual geometric design with a missing
piece. The test taker is given six to eight choices to
pick from and fill in the missing piece.
[4]
? An IQ test item in the style of a Raven's
Progressive Matrices test. Given eight patterns,
the subject must identify the missing ninth
pattern
The Matrices are available in three different forms
for participants of different ability:
? Standard Progressive Matrices-This was
developed to assess a person?s intellectual ability
at the time of testing him with design or patterns.
? Person has to find relation between designs and
perform task. The booklet comprises five sets (A
to E) of 12 items each (e.g., A1 through A12),
? A and B-6 piece designs
? B & c-8 pieces of design. All items are presented
in black ink on a white background
? Coloured Progressive Matrices-Designed for
children aged 5 through 11 years-of-age, the
elderly, and mentally and physically impaired
individual participants.
? Tests the intellectual capacity of young
children and people.
? Coloured progressive matrixes-assess a
persons capacity of level of observation and
clear thinking
? This is a language free test
? The scale has two sets A and b and ab set
Advanced Progressive Matrices
? ?Persons?who?are?above?11?years?and?those?
who?are?above?average?in?mental?ability.
? Time?limit
? The?first?set?has?12?problems,2
nd
?set?contains?
48?items,?presented?as?one?set?of?12?(set?I),?
and?another?of?36?(set?II).?
Difference between individual test and
group test
Basic difference Individual test Group test
Sample size Small sample Ultra large samples
Format Open ended Multi choice
Examiner's role Significant role, Minimal role
Time factors More time consuming Less time consuming
Physical & personality test
? Physical abilities use tasks or abilities that
require physical ability to perform
? Measure physical attributes and characteristics
? Personality Assessment test:
? Personality means how people affect othersand
how they understand and view themselves as
well as their pattern of inner and outer
measurable traits and person situation
interaction
? Not a single characteristic; multidimensional in
nature with many interacting elements
Personality?assessment?test
? A?personality? test?is? a? questionnaire? or? other?
standardized? instrument? designed? to? reveal?
aspects? of? an? individual's? character? or?
psychological? makeup.? The? first?personality?
tests?were? developed? in? the? 1920s? and? were?
intended? to? ease? the? process? of? personnel?
selection,?particularly?in?the?armed?forces.?
? the?combination?of?characteristics?or?qualities?
that?form?an?individual's?distinctive?character.
Measuring personality:
? Personality rating methods
? Personality inventories
? Situational tests
? Projective methods
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
? The?general?intelligence,? g,?influences?the?
performance?on?all?mental?tasks,?while?another?
component?influences?abilities?on?a?particular?
task.
[7]
? Raven's Progressive Matrices?(often?referred?to?simply?as?Raven's
Matrices)?or?RPM?is?a?nonverbal?group?test?typically?used?in?
educational?settings.
? ?It?is?usually?a?60-item?test?used?in?measuring?abstract?reasoning?and?
regarded?as?a?non-verbal?estimate?of?fluid?intelligence.
[
? 1]
?It?is?the?most?common?and?popular?test?administered?to?groups?
ranging?from?5-year-olds?to?the?elderly.
[2]
? ?It?is?made?of?60?multiple?choice?questions,?listed?in?order?of?
difficulty.
[2
? ]
?This?format?is?designed?to?measure?the?test?taker's?reasoning?ability,?
the?eductive?("meaning-making")?component?of?Spearman's? g?( g?is?
often?referred?to?as?general?intelligence).?
? The?tests?were?originally?developed?by?John?C.?Raven?in?1936.
[3]
?In?
each?test?item,?the?subject?is?asked?to?identify?the?missing?element?
that?completes?a?pattern.
? ?Many?patterns?are?presented?in?the?form?of?a?6?6,?4?4,?3?3,?or?
2?2?matrix,?giving?the?test?its?name.
? All of the questions on the Raven's progressives
consist of visual geometric design with a missing
piece. The test taker is given six to eight choices to
pick from and fill in the missing piece.
[4]
? An IQ test item in the style of a Raven's
Progressive Matrices test. Given eight patterns,
the subject must identify the missing ninth
pattern
The Matrices are available in three different forms
for participants of different ability:
? Standard Progressive Matrices-This was
developed to assess a person?s intellectual ability
at the time of testing him with design or patterns.
? Person has to find relation between designs and
perform task. The booklet comprises five sets (A
to E) of 12 items each (e.g., A1 through A12),
? A and B-6 piece designs
? B & c-8 pieces of design. All items are presented
in black ink on a white background
? Coloured Progressive Matrices-Designed for
children aged 5 through 11 years-of-age, the
elderly, and mentally and physically impaired
individual participants.
? Tests the intellectual capacity of young
children and people.
? Coloured progressive matrixes-assess a
persons capacity of level of observation and
clear thinking
? This is a language free test
? The scale has two sets A and b and ab set
Advanced Progressive Matrices
? ?Persons?who?are?above?11?years?and?those?
who?are?above?average?in?mental?ability.
? Time?limit
? The?first?set?has?12?problems,2
nd
?set?contains?
48?items,?presented?as?one?set?of?12?(set?I),?
and?another?of?36?(set?II).?
Difference between individual test and
group test
Basic difference Individual test Group test
Sample size Small sample Ultra large samples
Format Open ended Multi choice
Examiner's role Significant role, Minimal role
Time factors More time consuming Less time consuming
Physical & personality test
? Physical abilities use tasks or abilities that
require physical ability to perform
? Measure physical attributes and characteristics
? Personality Assessment test:
? Personality means how people affect othersand
how they understand and view themselves as
well as their pattern of inner and outer
measurable traits and person situation
interaction
? Not a single characteristic; multidimensional in
nature with many interacting elements
Personality?assessment?test
? A?personality? test?is? a? questionnaire? or? other?
standardized? instrument? designed? to? reveal?
aspects? of? an? individual's? character? or?
psychological? makeup.? The? first?personality?
tests?were? developed? in? the? 1920s? and? were?
intended? to? ease? the? process? of? personnel?
selection,?particularly?in?the?armed?forces.?
? the?combination?of?characteristics?or?qualities?
that?form?an?individual's?distinctive?character.
Measuring personality:
? Personality rating methods
? Personality inventories
? Situational tests
? Projective methods
Personality rating methods
? Rating is a term applied or judgment regarding
some situation, object or character. Opinion
are usually expresses on a scale of values.
Rating techniques are derive which such
judgements may be quantified.
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
? The?general?intelligence,? g,?influences?the?
performance?on?all?mental?tasks,?while?another?
component?influences?abilities?on?a?particular?
task.
[7]
? Raven's Progressive Matrices?(often?referred?to?simply?as?Raven's
Matrices)?or?RPM?is?a?nonverbal?group?test?typically?used?in?
educational?settings.
? ?It?is?usually?a?60-item?test?used?in?measuring?abstract?reasoning?and?
regarded?as?a?non-verbal?estimate?of?fluid?intelligence.
[
? 1]
?It?is?the?most?common?and?popular?test?administered?to?groups?
ranging?from?5-year-olds?to?the?elderly.
[2]
? ?It?is?made?of?60?multiple?choice?questions,?listed?in?order?of?
difficulty.
[2
? ]
?This?format?is?designed?to?measure?the?test?taker's?reasoning?ability,?
the?eductive?("meaning-making")?component?of?Spearman's? g?( g?is?
often?referred?to?as?general?intelligence).?
? The?tests?were?originally?developed?by?John?C.?Raven?in?1936.
[3]
?In?
each?test?item,?the?subject?is?asked?to?identify?the?missing?element?
that?completes?a?pattern.
? ?Many?patterns?are?presented?in?the?form?of?a?6?6,?4?4,?3?3,?or?
2?2?matrix,?giving?the?test?its?name.
? All of the questions on the Raven's progressives
consist of visual geometric design with a missing
piece. The test taker is given six to eight choices to
pick from and fill in the missing piece.
[4]
? An IQ test item in the style of a Raven's
Progressive Matrices test. Given eight patterns,
the subject must identify the missing ninth
pattern
The Matrices are available in three different forms
for participants of different ability:
? Standard Progressive Matrices-This was
developed to assess a person?s intellectual ability
at the time of testing him with design or patterns.
? Person has to find relation between designs and
perform task. The booklet comprises five sets (A
to E) of 12 items each (e.g., A1 through A12),
? A and B-6 piece designs
? B & c-8 pieces of design. All items are presented
in black ink on a white background
? Coloured Progressive Matrices-Designed for
children aged 5 through 11 years-of-age, the
elderly, and mentally and physically impaired
individual participants.
? Tests the intellectual capacity of young
children and people.
? Coloured progressive matrixes-assess a
persons capacity of level of observation and
clear thinking
? This is a language free test
? The scale has two sets A and b and ab set
Advanced Progressive Matrices
? ?Persons?who?are?above?11?years?and?those?
who?are?above?average?in?mental?ability.
? Time?limit
? The?first?set?has?12?problems,2
nd
?set?contains?
48?items,?presented?as?one?set?of?12?(set?I),?
and?another?of?36?(set?II).?
Difference between individual test and
group test
Basic difference Individual test Group test
Sample size Small sample Ultra large samples
Format Open ended Multi choice
Examiner's role Significant role, Minimal role
Time factors More time consuming Less time consuming
Physical & personality test
? Physical abilities use tasks or abilities that
require physical ability to perform
? Measure physical attributes and characteristics
? Personality Assessment test:
? Personality means how people affect othersand
how they understand and view themselves as
well as their pattern of inner and outer
measurable traits and person situation
interaction
? Not a single characteristic; multidimensional in
nature with many interacting elements
Personality?assessment?test
? A?personality? test?is? a? questionnaire? or? other?
standardized? instrument? designed? to? reveal?
aspects? of? an? individual's? character? or?
psychological? makeup.? The? first?personality?
tests?were? developed? in? the? 1920s? and? were?
intended? to? ease? the? process? of? personnel?
selection,?particularly?in?the?armed?forces.?
? the?combination?of?characteristics?or?qualities?
that?form?an?individual's?distinctive?character.
Measuring personality:
? Personality rating methods
? Personality inventories
? Situational tests
? Projective methods
Personality rating methods
? Rating is a term applied or judgment regarding
some situation, object or character. Opinion
are usually expresses on a scale of values.
Rating techniques are derive which such
judgements may be quantified.
Rating scales:
?is a selected list of words , phrases , sentences or para
following which an observer records value or rating based
upon objective scale of values
? A rating scale is an instrument i.e. A list of questions
that is set to enable the reviewer to indicate the, size
or intensity of the underlying characteristics of a
person.
? Description of the characteristics ?clarity-rate
? Items on each scale must b described in such a way-to
know what they mean
? Items should be described in terms of behaviour
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
? The?general?intelligence,? g,?influences?the?
performance?on?all?mental?tasks,?while?another?
component?influences?abilities?on?a?particular?
task.
[7]
? Raven's Progressive Matrices?(often?referred?to?simply?as?Raven's
Matrices)?or?RPM?is?a?nonverbal?group?test?typically?used?in?
educational?settings.
? ?It?is?usually?a?60-item?test?used?in?measuring?abstract?reasoning?and?
regarded?as?a?non-verbal?estimate?of?fluid?intelligence.
[
? 1]
?It?is?the?most?common?and?popular?test?administered?to?groups?
ranging?from?5-year-olds?to?the?elderly.
[2]
? ?It?is?made?of?60?multiple?choice?questions,?listed?in?order?of?
difficulty.
[2
? ]
?This?format?is?designed?to?measure?the?test?taker's?reasoning?ability,?
the?eductive?("meaning-making")?component?of?Spearman's? g?( g?is?
often?referred?to?as?general?intelligence).?
? The?tests?were?originally?developed?by?John?C.?Raven?in?1936.
[3]
?In?
each?test?item,?the?subject?is?asked?to?identify?the?missing?element?
that?completes?a?pattern.
? ?Many?patterns?are?presented?in?the?form?of?a?6?6,?4?4,?3?3,?or?
2?2?matrix,?giving?the?test?its?name.
? All of the questions on the Raven's progressives
consist of visual geometric design with a missing
piece. The test taker is given six to eight choices to
pick from and fill in the missing piece.
[4]
? An IQ test item in the style of a Raven's
Progressive Matrices test. Given eight patterns,
the subject must identify the missing ninth
pattern
The Matrices are available in three different forms
for participants of different ability:
? Standard Progressive Matrices-This was
developed to assess a person?s intellectual ability
at the time of testing him with design or patterns.
? Person has to find relation between designs and
perform task. The booklet comprises five sets (A
to E) of 12 items each (e.g., A1 through A12),
? A and B-6 piece designs
? B & c-8 pieces of design. All items are presented
in black ink on a white background
? Coloured Progressive Matrices-Designed for
children aged 5 through 11 years-of-age, the
elderly, and mentally and physically impaired
individual participants.
? Tests the intellectual capacity of young
children and people.
? Coloured progressive matrixes-assess a
persons capacity of level of observation and
clear thinking
? This is a language free test
? The scale has two sets A and b and ab set
Advanced Progressive Matrices
? ?Persons?who?are?above?11?years?and?those?
who?are?above?average?in?mental?ability.
? Time?limit
? The?first?set?has?12?problems,2
nd
?set?contains?
48?items,?presented?as?one?set?of?12?(set?I),?
and?another?of?36?(set?II).?
Difference between individual test and
group test
Basic difference Individual test Group test
Sample size Small sample Ultra large samples
Format Open ended Multi choice
Examiner's role Significant role, Minimal role
Time factors More time consuming Less time consuming
Physical & personality test
? Physical abilities use tasks or abilities that
require physical ability to perform
? Measure physical attributes and characteristics
? Personality Assessment test:
? Personality means how people affect othersand
how they understand and view themselves as
well as their pattern of inner and outer
measurable traits and person situation
interaction
? Not a single characteristic; multidimensional in
nature with many interacting elements
Personality?assessment?test
? A?personality? test?is? a? questionnaire? or? other?
standardized? instrument? designed? to? reveal?
aspects? of? an? individual's? character? or?
psychological? makeup.? The? first?personality?
tests?were? developed? in? the? 1920s? and? were?
intended? to? ease? the? process? of? personnel?
selection,?particularly?in?the?armed?forces.?
? the?combination?of?characteristics?or?qualities?
that?form?an?individual's?distinctive?character.
Measuring personality:
? Personality rating methods
? Personality inventories
? Situational tests
? Projective methods
Personality rating methods
? Rating is a term applied or judgment regarding
some situation, object or character. Opinion
are usually expresses on a scale of values.
Rating techniques are derive which such
judgements may be quantified.
Rating scales:
?is a selected list of words , phrases , sentences or para
following which an observer records value or rating based
upon objective scale of values
? A rating scale is an instrument i.e. A list of questions
that is set to enable the reviewer to indicate the, size
or intensity of the underlying characteristics of a
person.
? Description of the characteristics ?clarity-rate
? Items on each scale must b described in such a way-to
know what they mean
? Items should be described in terms of behaviour
? The description of the personality
characteristic must be clear and we defined
? The item on each scale end must be described
? It should be concrete behaviour
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
? The?general?intelligence,? g,?influences?the?
performance?on?all?mental?tasks,?while?another?
component?influences?abilities?on?a?particular?
task.
[7]
? Raven's Progressive Matrices?(often?referred?to?simply?as?Raven's
Matrices)?or?RPM?is?a?nonverbal?group?test?typically?used?in?
educational?settings.
? ?It?is?usually?a?60-item?test?used?in?measuring?abstract?reasoning?and?
regarded?as?a?non-verbal?estimate?of?fluid?intelligence.
[
? 1]
?It?is?the?most?common?and?popular?test?administered?to?groups?
ranging?from?5-year-olds?to?the?elderly.
[2]
? ?It?is?made?of?60?multiple?choice?questions,?listed?in?order?of?
difficulty.
[2
? ]
?This?format?is?designed?to?measure?the?test?taker's?reasoning?ability,?
the?eductive?("meaning-making")?component?of?Spearman's? g?( g?is?
often?referred?to?as?general?intelligence).?
? The?tests?were?originally?developed?by?John?C.?Raven?in?1936.
[3]
?In?
each?test?item,?the?subject?is?asked?to?identify?the?missing?element?
that?completes?a?pattern.
? ?Many?patterns?are?presented?in?the?form?of?a?6?6,?4?4,?3?3,?or?
2?2?matrix,?giving?the?test?its?name.
? All of the questions on the Raven's progressives
consist of visual geometric design with a missing
piece. The test taker is given six to eight choices to
pick from and fill in the missing piece.
[4]
? An IQ test item in the style of a Raven's
Progressive Matrices test. Given eight patterns,
the subject must identify the missing ninth
pattern
The Matrices are available in three different forms
for participants of different ability:
? Standard Progressive Matrices-This was
developed to assess a person?s intellectual ability
at the time of testing him with design or patterns.
? Person has to find relation between designs and
perform task. The booklet comprises five sets (A
to E) of 12 items each (e.g., A1 through A12),
? A and B-6 piece designs
? B & c-8 pieces of design. All items are presented
in black ink on a white background
? Coloured Progressive Matrices-Designed for
children aged 5 through 11 years-of-age, the
elderly, and mentally and physically impaired
individual participants.
? Tests the intellectual capacity of young
children and people.
? Coloured progressive matrixes-assess a
persons capacity of level of observation and
clear thinking
? This is a language free test
? The scale has two sets A and b and ab set
Advanced Progressive Matrices
? ?Persons?who?are?above?11?years?and?those?
who?are?above?average?in?mental?ability.
? Time?limit
? The?first?set?has?12?problems,2
nd
?set?contains?
48?items,?presented?as?one?set?of?12?(set?I),?
and?another?of?36?(set?II).?
Difference between individual test and
group test
Basic difference Individual test Group test
Sample size Small sample Ultra large samples
Format Open ended Multi choice
Examiner's role Significant role, Minimal role
Time factors More time consuming Less time consuming
Physical & personality test
? Physical abilities use tasks or abilities that
require physical ability to perform
? Measure physical attributes and characteristics
? Personality Assessment test:
? Personality means how people affect othersand
how they understand and view themselves as
well as their pattern of inner and outer
measurable traits and person situation
interaction
? Not a single characteristic; multidimensional in
nature with many interacting elements
Personality?assessment?test
? A?personality? test?is? a? questionnaire? or? other?
standardized? instrument? designed? to? reveal?
aspects? of? an? individual's? character? or?
psychological? makeup.? The? first?personality?
tests?were? developed? in? the? 1920s? and? were?
intended? to? ease? the? process? of? personnel?
selection,?particularly?in?the?armed?forces.?
? the?combination?of?characteristics?or?qualities?
that?form?an?individual's?distinctive?character.
Measuring personality:
? Personality rating methods
? Personality inventories
? Situational tests
? Projective methods
Personality rating methods
? Rating is a term applied or judgment regarding
some situation, object or character. Opinion
are usually expresses on a scale of values.
Rating techniques are derive which such
judgements may be quantified.
Rating scales:
?is a selected list of words , phrases , sentences or para
following which an observer records value or rating based
upon objective scale of values
? A rating scale is an instrument i.e. A list of questions
that is set to enable the reviewer to indicate the, size
or intensity of the underlying characteristics of a
person.
? Description of the characteristics ?clarity-rate
? Items on each scale must b described in such a way-to
know what they mean
? Items should be described in terms of behaviour
? The description of the personality
characteristic must be clear and we defined
? The item on each scale end must be described
? It should be concrete behaviour
Types?of?rating?scale:?
- Graphic?scale?
- A?straight?line?is?drawn?and?divided?into?many?parts?.?
Each?part-number?of?adjectives?are?written.
- Evaluator?has?to?mark?any?of?these.
- Length?of?the?line-5?inches
- 3-5?adjectives?are?used
- Division?on?the?line?should?be?equidistant
- Graphic?Rating?Scale?is?a?type?of?performance?
appraisal?method.?In?this?method?traits?or?behaviours?
that?are?important?for?effective?performance?are?listed?
out?and?each?employee?is?rated?against?these?traits.?
The?rating?helps?employers?to?quantify?the?behaviours?
displayed?by?its?employees.
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
? The?general?intelligence,? g,?influences?the?
performance?on?all?mental?tasks,?while?another?
component?influences?abilities?on?a?particular?
task.
[7]
? Raven's Progressive Matrices?(often?referred?to?simply?as?Raven's
Matrices)?or?RPM?is?a?nonverbal?group?test?typically?used?in?
educational?settings.
? ?It?is?usually?a?60-item?test?used?in?measuring?abstract?reasoning?and?
regarded?as?a?non-verbal?estimate?of?fluid?intelligence.
[
? 1]
?It?is?the?most?common?and?popular?test?administered?to?groups?
ranging?from?5-year-olds?to?the?elderly.
[2]
? ?It?is?made?of?60?multiple?choice?questions,?listed?in?order?of?
difficulty.
[2
? ]
?This?format?is?designed?to?measure?the?test?taker's?reasoning?ability,?
the?eductive?("meaning-making")?component?of?Spearman's? g?( g?is?
often?referred?to?as?general?intelligence).?
? The?tests?were?originally?developed?by?John?C.?Raven?in?1936.
[3]
?In?
each?test?item,?the?subject?is?asked?to?identify?the?missing?element?
that?completes?a?pattern.
? ?Many?patterns?are?presented?in?the?form?of?a?6?6,?4?4,?3?3,?or?
2?2?matrix,?giving?the?test?its?name.
? All of the questions on the Raven's progressives
consist of visual geometric design with a missing
piece. The test taker is given six to eight choices to
pick from and fill in the missing piece.
[4]
? An IQ test item in the style of a Raven's
Progressive Matrices test. Given eight patterns,
the subject must identify the missing ninth
pattern
The Matrices are available in three different forms
for participants of different ability:
? Standard Progressive Matrices-This was
developed to assess a person?s intellectual ability
at the time of testing him with design or patterns.
? Person has to find relation between designs and
perform task. The booklet comprises five sets (A
to E) of 12 items each (e.g., A1 through A12),
? A and B-6 piece designs
? B & c-8 pieces of design. All items are presented
in black ink on a white background
? Coloured Progressive Matrices-Designed for
children aged 5 through 11 years-of-age, the
elderly, and mentally and physically impaired
individual participants.
? Tests the intellectual capacity of young
children and people.
? Coloured progressive matrixes-assess a
persons capacity of level of observation and
clear thinking
? This is a language free test
? The scale has two sets A and b and ab set
Advanced Progressive Matrices
? ?Persons?who?are?above?11?years?and?those?
who?are?above?average?in?mental?ability.
? Time?limit
? The?first?set?has?12?problems,2
nd
?set?contains?
48?items,?presented?as?one?set?of?12?(set?I),?
and?another?of?36?(set?II).?
Difference between individual test and
group test
Basic difference Individual test Group test
Sample size Small sample Ultra large samples
Format Open ended Multi choice
Examiner's role Significant role, Minimal role
Time factors More time consuming Less time consuming
Physical & personality test
? Physical abilities use tasks or abilities that
require physical ability to perform
? Measure physical attributes and characteristics
? Personality Assessment test:
? Personality means how people affect othersand
how they understand and view themselves as
well as their pattern of inner and outer
measurable traits and person situation
interaction
? Not a single characteristic; multidimensional in
nature with many interacting elements
Personality?assessment?test
? A?personality? test?is? a? questionnaire? or? other?
standardized? instrument? designed? to? reveal?
aspects? of? an? individual's? character? or?
psychological? makeup.? The? first?personality?
tests?were? developed? in? the? 1920s? and? were?
intended? to? ease? the? process? of? personnel?
selection,?particularly?in?the?armed?forces.?
? the?combination?of?characteristics?or?qualities?
that?form?an?individual's?distinctive?character.
Measuring personality:
? Personality rating methods
? Personality inventories
? Situational tests
? Projective methods
Personality rating methods
? Rating is a term applied or judgment regarding
some situation, object or character. Opinion
are usually expresses on a scale of values.
Rating techniques are derive which such
judgements may be quantified.
Rating scales:
?is a selected list of words , phrases , sentences or para
following which an observer records value or rating based
upon objective scale of values
? A rating scale is an instrument i.e. A list of questions
that is set to enable the reviewer to indicate the, size
or intensity of the underlying characteristics of a
person.
? Description of the characteristics ?clarity-rate
? Items on each scale must b described in such a way-to
know what they mean
? Items should be described in terms of behaviour
? The description of the personality
characteristic must be clear and we defined
? The item on each scale end must be described
? It should be concrete behaviour
Types?of?rating?scale:?
- Graphic?scale?
- A?straight?line?is?drawn?and?divided?into?many?parts?.?
Each?part-number?of?adjectives?are?written.
- Evaluator?has?to?mark?any?of?these.
- Length?of?the?line-5?inches
- 3-5?adjectives?are?used
- Division?on?the?line?should?be?equidistant
- Graphic?Rating?Scale?is?a?type?of?performance?
appraisal?method.?In?this?method?traits?or?behaviours?
that?are?important?for?effective?performance?are?listed?
out?and?each?employee?is?rated?against?these?traits.?
The?rating?helps?employers?to?quantify?the?behaviours?
displayed?by?its?employees.
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
? The?general?intelligence,? g,?influences?the?
performance?on?all?mental?tasks,?while?another?
component?influences?abilities?on?a?particular?
task.
[7]
? Raven's Progressive Matrices?(often?referred?to?simply?as?Raven's
Matrices)?or?RPM?is?a?nonverbal?group?test?typically?used?in?
educational?settings.
? ?It?is?usually?a?60-item?test?used?in?measuring?abstract?reasoning?and?
regarded?as?a?non-verbal?estimate?of?fluid?intelligence.
[
? 1]
?It?is?the?most?common?and?popular?test?administered?to?groups?
ranging?from?5-year-olds?to?the?elderly.
[2]
? ?It?is?made?of?60?multiple?choice?questions,?listed?in?order?of?
difficulty.
[2
? ]
?This?format?is?designed?to?measure?the?test?taker's?reasoning?ability,?
the?eductive?("meaning-making")?component?of?Spearman's? g?( g?is?
often?referred?to?as?general?intelligence).?
? The?tests?were?originally?developed?by?John?C.?Raven?in?1936.
[3]
?In?
each?test?item,?the?subject?is?asked?to?identify?the?missing?element?
that?completes?a?pattern.
? ?Many?patterns?are?presented?in?the?form?of?a?6?6,?4?4,?3?3,?or?
2?2?matrix,?giving?the?test?its?name.
? All of the questions on the Raven's progressives
consist of visual geometric design with a missing
piece. The test taker is given six to eight choices to
pick from and fill in the missing piece.
[4]
? An IQ test item in the style of a Raven's
Progressive Matrices test. Given eight patterns,
the subject must identify the missing ninth
pattern
The Matrices are available in three different forms
for participants of different ability:
? Standard Progressive Matrices-This was
developed to assess a person?s intellectual ability
at the time of testing him with design or patterns.
? Person has to find relation between designs and
perform task. The booklet comprises five sets (A
to E) of 12 items each (e.g., A1 through A12),
? A and B-6 piece designs
? B & c-8 pieces of design. All items are presented
in black ink on a white background
? Coloured Progressive Matrices-Designed for
children aged 5 through 11 years-of-age, the
elderly, and mentally and physically impaired
individual participants.
? Tests the intellectual capacity of young
children and people.
? Coloured progressive matrixes-assess a
persons capacity of level of observation and
clear thinking
? This is a language free test
? The scale has two sets A and b and ab set
Advanced Progressive Matrices
? ?Persons?who?are?above?11?years?and?those?
who?are?above?average?in?mental?ability.
? Time?limit
? The?first?set?has?12?problems,2
nd
?set?contains?
48?items,?presented?as?one?set?of?12?(set?I),?
and?another?of?36?(set?II).?
Difference between individual test and
group test
Basic difference Individual test Group test
Sample size Small sample Ultra large samples
Format Open ended Multi choice
Examiner's role Significant role, Minimal role
Time factors More time consuming Less time consuming
Physical & personality test
? Physical abilities use tasks or abilities that
require physical ability to perform
? Measure physical attributes and characteristics
? Personality Assessment test:
? Personality means how people affect othersand
how they understand and view themselves as
well as their pattern of inner and outer
measurable traits and person situation
interaction
? Not a single characteristic; multidimensional in
nature with many interacting elements
Personality?assessment?test
? A?personality? test?is? a? questionnaire? or? other?
standardized? instrument? designed? to? reveal?
aspects? of? an? individual's? character? or?
psychological? makeup.? The? first?personality?
tests?were? developed? in? the? 1920s? and? were?
intended? to? ease? the? process? of? personnel?
selection,?particularly?in?the?armed?forces.?
? the?combination?of?characteristics?or?qualities?
that?form?an?individual's?distinctive?character.
Measuring personality:
? Personality rating methods
? Personality inventories
? Situational tests
? Projective methods
Personality rating methods
? Rating is a term applied or judgment regarding
some situation, object or character. Opinion
are usually expresses on a scale of values.
Rating techniques are derive which such
judgements may be quantified.
Rating scales:
?is a selected list of words , phrases , sentences or para
following which an observer records value or rating based
upon objective scale of values
? A rating scale is an instrument i.e. A list of questions
that is set to enable the reviewer to indicate the, size
or intensity of the underlying characteristics of a
person.
? Description of the characteristics ?clarity-rate
? Items on each scale must b described in such a way-to
know what they mean
? Items should be described in terms of behaviour
? The description of the personality
characteristic must be clear and we defined
? The item on each scale end must be described
? It should be concrete behaviour
Types?of?rating?scale:?
- Graphic?scale?
- A?straight?line?is?drawn?and?divided?into?many?parts?.?
Each?part-number?of?adjectives?are?written.
- Evaluator?has?to?mark?any?of?these.
- Length?of?the?line-5?inches
- 3-5?adjectives?are?used
- Division?on?the?line?should?be?equidistant
- Graphic?Rating?Scale?is?a?type?of?performance?
appraisal?method.?In?this?method?traits?or?behaviours?
that?are?important?for?effective?performance?are?listed?
out?and?each?employee?is?rated?against?these?traits.?
The?rating?helps?employers?to?quantify?the?behaviours?
displayed?by?its?employees.
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
? The?general?intelligence,? g,?influences?the?
performance?on?all?mental?tasks,?while?another?
component?influences?abilities?on?a?particular?
task.
[7]
? Raven's Progressive Matrices?(often?referred?to?simply?as?Raven's
Matrices)?or?RPM?is?a?nonverbal?group?test?typically?used?in?
educational?settings.
? ?It?is?usually?a?60-item?test?used?in?measuring?abstract?reasoning?and?
regarded?as?a?non-verbal?estimate?of?fluid?intelligence.
[
? 1]
?It?is?the?most?common?and?popular?test?administered?to?groups?
ranging?from?5-year-olds?to?the?elderly.
[2]
? ?It?is?made?of?60?multiple?choice?questions,?listed?in?order?of?
difficulty.
[2
? ]
?This?format?is?designed?to?measure?the?test?taker's?reasoning?ability,?
the?eductive?("meaning-making")?component?of?Spearman's? g?( g?is?
often?referred?to?as?general?intelligence).?
? The?tests?were?originally?developed?by?John?C.?Raven?in?1936.
[3]
?In?
each?test?item,?the?subject?is?asked?to?identify?the?missing?element?
that?completes?a?pattern.
? ?Many?patterns?are?presented?in?the?form?of?a?6?6,?4?4,?3?3,?or?
2?2?matrix,?giving?the?test?its?name.
? All of the questions on the Raven's progressives
consist of visual geometric design with a missing
piece. The test taker is given six to eight choices to
pick from and fill in the missing piece.
[4]
? An IQ test item in the style of a Raven's
Progressive Matrices test. Given eight patterns,
the subject must identify the missing ninth
pattern
The Matrices are available in three different forms
for participants of different ability:
? Standard Progressive Matrices-This was
developed to assess a person?s intellectual ability
at the time of testing him with design or patterns.
? Person has to find relation between designs and
perform task. The booklet comprises five sets (A
to E) of 12 items each (e.g., A1 through A12),
? A and B-6 piece designs
? B & c-8 pieces of design. All items are presented
in black ink on a white background
? Coloured Progressive Matrices-Designed for
children aged 5 through 11 years-of-age, the
elderly, and mentally and physically impaired
individual participants.
? Tests the intellectual capacity of young
children and people.
? Coloured progressive matrixes-assess a
persons capacity of level of observation and
clear thinking
? This is a language free test
? The scale has two sets A and b and ab set
Advanced Progressive Matrices
? ?Persons?who?are?above?11?years?and?those?
who?are?above?average?in?mental?ability.
? Time?limit
? The?first?set?has?12?problems,2
nd
?set?contains?
48?items,?presented?as?one?set?of?12?(set?I),?
and?another?of?36?(set?II).?
Difference between individual test and
group test
Basic difference Individual test Group test
Sample size Small sample Ultra large samples
Format Open ended Multi choice
Examiner's role Significant role, Minimal role
Time factors More time consuming Less time consuming
Physical & personality test
? Physical abilities use tasks or abilities that
require physical ability to perform
? Measure physical attributes and characteristics
? Personality Assessment test:
? Personality means how people affect othersand
how they understand and view themselves as
well as their pattern of inner and outer
measurable traits and person situation
interaction
? Not a single characteristic; multidimensional in
nature with many interacting elements
Personality?assessment?test
? A?personality? test?is? a? questionnaire? or? other?
standardized? instrument? designed? to? reveal?
aspects? of? an? individual's? character? or?
psychological? makeup.? The? first?personality?
tests?were? developed? in? the? 1920s? and? were?
intended? to? ease? the? process? of? personnel?
selection,?particularly?in?the?armed?forces.?
? the?combination?of?characteristics?or?qualities?
that?form?an?individual's?distinctive?character.
Measuring personality:
? Personality rating methods
? Personality inventories
? Situational tests
? Projective methods
Personality rating methods
? Rating is a term applied or judgment regarding
some situation, object or character. Opinion
are usually expresses on a scale of values.
Rating techniques are derive which such
judgements may be quantified.
Rating scales:
?is a selected list of words , phrases , sentences or para
following which an observer records value or rating based
upon objective scale of values
? A rating scale is an instrument i.e. A list of questions
that is set to enable the reviewer to indicate the, size
or intensity of the underlying characteristics of a
person.
? Description of the characteristics ?clarity-rate
? Items on each scale must b described in such a way-to
know what they mean
? Items should be described in terms of behaviour
? The description of the personality
characteristic must be clear and we defined
? The item on each scale end must be described
? It should be concrete behaviour
Types?of?rating?scale:?
- Graphic?scale?
- A?straight?line?is?drawn?and?divided?into?many?parts?.?
Each?part-number?of?adjectives?are?written.
- Evaluator?has?to?mark?any?of?these.
- Length?of?the?line-5?inches
- 3-5?adjectives?are?used
- Division?on?the?line?should?be?equidistant
- Graphic?Rating?Scale?is?a?type?of?performance?
appraisal?method.?In?this?method?traits?or?behaviours?
that?are?important?for?effective?performance?are?listed?
out?and?each?employee?is?rated?against?these?traits.?
The?rating?helps?employers?to?quantify?the?behaviours?
displayed?by?its?employees.
? Numerical scale:
Marks as associated with certain indicators.
Data that are counted or measured using a
numerically defined method are called
numerical (quantitative).
Three point, five point seven point scale
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
? The?general?intelligence,? g,?influences?the?
performance?on?all?mental?tasks,?while?another?
component?influences?abilities?on?a?particular?
task.
[7]
? Raven's Progressive Matrices?(often?referred?to?simply?as?Raven's
Matrices)?or?RPM?is?a?nonverbal?group?test?typically?used?in?
educational?settings.
? ?It?is?usually?a?60-item?test?used?in?measuring?abstract?reasoning?and?
regarded?as?a?non-verbal?estimate?of?fluid?intelligence.
[
? 1]
?It?is?the?most?common?and?popular?test?administered?to?groups?
ranging?from?5-year-olds?to?the?elderly.
[2]
? ?It?is?made?of?60?multiple?choice?questions,?listed?in?order?of?
difficulty.
[2
? ]
?This?format?is?designed?to?measure?the?test?taker's?reasoning?ability,?
the?eductive?("meaning-making")?component?of?Spearman's? g?( g?is?
often?referred?to?as?general?intelligence).?
? The?tests?were?originally?developed?by?John?C.?Raven?in?1936.
[3]
?In?
each?test?item,?the?subject?is?asked?to?identify?the?missing?element?
that?completes?a?pattern.
? ?Many?patterns?are?presented?in?the?form?of?a?6?6,?4?4,?3?3,?or?
2?2?matrix,?giving?the?test?its?name.
? All of the questions on the Raven's progressives
consist of visual geometric design with a missing
piece. The test taker is given six to eight choices to
pick from and fill in the missing piece.
[4]
? An IQ test item in the style of a Raven's
Progressive Matrices test. Given eight patterns,
the subject must identify the missing ninth
pattern
The Matrices are available in three different forms
for participants of different ability:
? Standard Progressive Matrices-This was
developed to assess a person?s intellectual ability
at the time of testing him with design or patterns.
? Person has to find relation between designs and
perform task. The booklet comprises five sets (A
to E) of 12 items each (e.g., A1 through A12),
? A and B-6 piece designs
? B & c-8 pieces of design. All items are presented
in black ink on a white background
? Coloured Progressive Matrices-Designed for
children aged 5 through 11 years-of-age, the
elderly, and mentally and physically impaired
individual participants.
? Tests the intellectual capacity of young
children and people.
? Coloured progressive matrixes-assess a
persons capacity of level of observation and
clear thinking
? This is a language free test
? The scale has two sets A and b and ab set
Advanced Progressive Matrices
? ?Persons?who?are?above?11?years?and?those?
who?are?above?average?in?mental?ability.
? Time?limit
? The?first?set?has?12?problems,2
nd
?set?contains?
48?items,?presented?as?one?set?of?12?(set?I),?
and?another?of?36?(set?II).?
Difference between individual test and
group test
Basic difference Individual test Group test
Sample size Small sample Ultra large samples
Format Open ended Multi choice
Examiner's role Significant role, Minimal role
Time factors More time consuming Less time consuming
Physical & personality test
? Physical abilities use tasks or abilities that
require physical ability to perform
? Measure physical attributes and characteristics
? Personality Assessment test:
? Personality means how people affect othersand
how they understand and view themselves as
well as their pattern of inner and outer
measurable traits and person situation
interaction
? Not a single characteristic; multidimensional in
nature with many interacting elements
Personality?assessment?test
? A?personality? test?is? a? questionnaire? or? other?
standardized? instrument? designed? to? reveal?
aspects? of? an? individual's? character? or?
psychological? makeup.? The? first?personality?
tests?were? developed? in? the? 1920s? and? were?
intended? to? ease? the? process? of? personnel?
selection,?particularly?in?the?armed?forces.?
? the?combination?of?characteristics?or?qualities?
that?form?an?individual's?distinctive?character.
Measuring personality:
? Personality rating methods
? Personality inventories
? Situational tests
? Projective methods
Personality rating methods
? Rating is a term applied or judgment regarding
some situation, object or character. Opinion
are usually expresses on a scale of values.
Rating techniques are derive which such
judgements may be quantified.
Rating scales:
?is a selected list of words , phrases , sentences or para
following which an observer records value or rating based
upon objective scale of values
? A rating scale is an instrument i.e. A list of questions
that is set to enable the reviewer to indicate the, size
or intensity of the underlying characteristics of a
person.
? Description of the characteristics ?clarity-rate
? Items on each scale must b described in such a way-to
know what they mean
? Items should be described in terms of behaviour
? The description of the personality
characteristic must be clear and we defined
? The item on each scale end must be described
? It should be concrete behaviour
Types?of?rating?scale:?
- Graphic?scale?
- A?straight?line?is?drawn?and?divided?into?many?parts?.?
Each?part-number?of?adjectives?are?written.
- Evaluator?has?to?mark?any?of?these.
- Length?of?the?line-5?inches
- 3-5?adjectives?are?used
- Division?on?the?line?should?be?equidistant
- Graphic?Rating?Scale?is?a?type?of?performance?
appraisal?method.?In?this?method?traits?or?behaviours?
that?are?important?for?effective?performance?are?listed?
out?and?each?employee?is?rated?against?these?traits.?
The?rating?helps?employers?to?quantify?the?behaviours?
displayed?by?its?employees.
? Numerical scale:
Marks as associated with certain indicators.
Data that are counted or measured using a
numerically defined method are called
numerical (quantitative).
Three point, five point seven point scale
? Ranking?order:?Statistical?technique,?rank?are?mentioned?in?the?
descending?order.?
? A?Rank?Order?scale?gives?the?respondent?a?set?of?items?and?asks?
them?to?put?the?items?in?some?form?oforder.?The?measure?of?
'order'?can?include?such?as?preference,?importance,?liking,?
effectiveness?and?so?on.?The?order?is?often?a?simple?ordinal?
structure?(A?is?higher?than?B)
? Paired?comparison?scale???each?person?compared?with?other?in?the?
group?
? The?Paired?Comparison?Scaling?is?a?comparative?scaling?technique?
wherein?the?respondent?is?shown?two?objects?at?the?same?time?and?
is?asked?to?select?one?according?to?the?defined?criterion.?
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
? The?general?intelligence,? g,?influences?the?
performance?on?all?mental?tasks,?while?another?
component?influences?abilities?on?a?particular?
task.
[7]
? Raven's Progressive Matrices?(often?referred?to?simply?as?Raven's
Matrices)?or?RPM?is?a?nonverbal?group?test?typically?used?in?
educational?settings.
? ?It?is?usually?a?60-item?test?used?in?measuring?abstract?reasoning?and?
regarded?as?a?non-verbal?estimate?of?fluid?intelligence.
[
? 1]
?It?is?the?most?common?and?popular?test?administered?to?groups?
ranging?from?5-year-olds?to?the?elderly.
[2]
? ?It?is?made?of?60?multiple?choice?questions,?listed?in?order?of?
difficulty.
[2
? ]
?This?format?is?designed?to?measure?the?test?taker's?reasoning?ability,?
the?eductive?("meaning-making")?component?of?Spearman's? g?( g?is?
often?referred?to?as?general?intelligence).?
? The?tests?were?originally?developed?by?John?C.?Raven?in?1936.
[3]
?In?
each?test?item,?the?subject?is?asked?to?identify?the?missing?element?
that?completes?a?pattern.
? ?Many?patterns?are?presented?in?the?form?of?a?6?6,?4?4,?3?3,?or?
2?2?matrix,?giving?the?test?its?name.
? All of the questions on the Raven's progressives
consist of visual geometric design with a missing
piece. The test taker is given six to eight choices to
pick from and fill in the missing piece.
[4]
? An IQ test item in the style of a Raven's
Progressive Matrices test. Given eight patterns,
the subject must identify the missing ninth
pattern
The Matrices are available in three different forms
for participants of different ability:
? Standard Progressive Matrices-This was
developed to assess a person?s intellectual ability
at the time of testing him with design or patterns.
? Person has to find relation between designs and
perform task. The booklet comprises five sets (A
to E) of 12 items each (e.g., A1 through A12),
? A and B-6 piece designs
? B & c-8 pieces of design. All items are presented
in black ink on a white background
? Coloured Progressive Matrices-Designed for
children aged 5 through 11 years-of-age, the
elderly, and mentally and physically impaired
individual participants.
? Tests the intellectual capacity of young
children and people.
? Coloured progressive matrixes-assess a
persons capacity of level of observation and
clear thinking
? This is a language free test
? The scale has two sets A and b and ab set
Advanced Progressive Matrices
? ?Persons?who?are?above?11?years?and?those?
who?are?above?average?in?mental?ability.
? Time?limit
? The?first?set?has?12?problems,2
nd
?set?contains?
48?items,?presented?as?one?set?of?12?(set?I),?
and?another?of?36?(set?II).?
Difference between individual test and
group test
Basic difference Individual test Group test
Sample size Small sample Ultra large samples
Format Open ended Multi choice
Examiner's role Significant role, Minimal role
Time factors More time consuming Less time consuming
Physical & personality test
? Physical abilities use tasks or abilities that
require physical ability to perform
? Measure physical attributes and characteristics
? Personality Assessment test:
? Personality means how people affect othersand
how they understand and view themselves as
well as their pattern of inner and outer
measurable traits and person situation
interaction
? Not a single characteristic; multidimensional in
nature with many interacting elements
Personality?assessment?test
? A?personality? test?is? a? questionnaire? or? other?
standardized? instrument? designed? to? reveal?
aspects? of? an? individual's? character? or?
psychological? makeup.? The? first?personality?
tests?were? developed? in? the? 1920s? and? were?
intended? to? ease? the? process? of? personnel?
selection,?particularly?in?the?armed?forces.?
? the?combination?of?characteristics?or?qualities?
that?form?an?individual's?distinctive?character.
Measuring personality:
? Personality rating methods
? Personality inventories
? Situational tests
? Projective methods
Personality rating methods
? Rating is a term applied or judgment regarding
some situation, object or character. Opinion
are usually expresses on a scale of values.
Rating techniques are derive which such
judgements may be quantified.
Rating scales:
?is a selected list of words , phrases , sentences or para
following which an observer records value or rating based
upon objective scale of values
? A rating scale is an instrument i.e. A list of questions
that is set to enable the reviewer to indicate the, size
or intensity of the underlying characteristics of a
person.
? Description of the characteristics ?clarity-rate
? Items on each scale must b described in such a way-to
know what they mean
? Items should be described in terms of behaviour
? The description of the personality
characteristic must be clear and we defined
? The item on each scale end must be described
? It should be concrete behaviour
Types?of?rating?scale:?
- Graphic?scale?
- A?straight?line?is?drawn?and?divided?into?many?parts?.?
Each?part-number?of?adjectives?are?written.
- Evaluator?has?to?mark?any?of?these.
- Length?of?the?line-5?inches
- 3-5?adjectives?are?used
- Division?on?the?line?should?be?equidistant
- Graphic?Rating?Scale?is?a?type?of?performance?
appraisal?method.?In?this?method?traits?or?behaviours?
that?are?important?for?effective?performance?are?listed?
out?and?each?employee?is?rated?against?these?traits.?
The?rating?helps?employers?to?quantify?the?behaviours?
displayed?by?its?employees.
? Numerical scale:
Marks as associated with certain indicators.
Data that are counted or measured using a
numerically defined method are called
numerical (quantitative).
Three point, five point seven point scale
? Ranking?order:?Statistical?technique,?rank?are?mentioned?in?the?
descending?order.?
? A?Rank?Order?scale?gives?the?respondent?a?set?of?items?and?asks?
them?to?put?the?items?in?some?form?oforder.?The?measure?of?
'order'?can?include?such?as?preference,?importance,?liking,?
effectiveness?and?so?on.?The?order?is?often?a?simple?ordinal?
structure?(A?is?higher?than?B)
? Paired?comparison?scale???each?person?compared?with?other?in?the?
group?
? The?Paired?Comparison?Scaling?is?a?comparative?scaling?technique?
wherein?the?respondent?is?shown?two?objects?at?the?same?time?and?
is?asked?to?select?one?according?to?the?defined?criterion.?
Rank order
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
? The?general?intelligence,? g,?influences?the?
performance?on?all?mental?tasks,?while?another?
component?influences?abilities?on?a?particular?
task.
[7]
? Raven's Progressive Matrices?(often?referred?to?simply?as?Raven's
Matrices)?or?RPM?is?a?nonverbal?group?test?typically?used?in?
educational?settings.
? ?It?is?usually?a?60-item?test?used?in?measuring?abstract?reasoning?and?
regarded?as?a?non-verbal?estimate?of?fluid?intelligence.
[
? 1]
?It?is?the?most?common?and?popular?test?administered?to?groups?
ranging?from?5-year-olds?to?the?elderly.
[2]
? ?It?is?made?of?60?multiple?choice?questions,?listed?in?order?of?
difficulty.
[2
? ]
?This?format?is?designed?to?measure?the?test?taker's?reasoning?ability,?
the?eductive?("meaning-making")?component?of?Spearman's? g?( g?is?
often?referred?to?as?general?intelligence).?
? The?tests?were?originally?developed?by?John?C.?Raven?in?1936.
[3]
?In?
each?test?item,?the?subject?is?asked?to?identify?the?missing?element?
that?completes?a?pattern.
? ?Many?patterns?are?presented?in?the?form?of?a?6?6,?4?4,?3?3,?or?
2?2?matrix,?giving?the?test?its?name.
? All of the questions on the Raven's progressives
consist of visual geometric design with a missing
piece. The test taker is given six to eight choices to
pick from and fill in the missing piece.
[4]
? An IQ test item in the style of a Raven's
Progressive Matrices test. Given eight patterns,
the subject must identify the missing ninth
pattern
The Matrices are available in three different forms
for participants of different ability:
? Standard Progressive Matrices-This was
developed to assess a person?s intellectual ability
at the time of testing him with design or patterns.
? Person has to find relation between designs and
perform task. The booklet comprises five sets (A
to E) of 12 items each (e.g., A1 through A12),
? A and B-6 piece designs
? B & c-8 pieces of design. All items are presented
in black ink on a white background
? Coloured Progressive Matrices-Designed for
children aged 5 through 11 years-of-age, the
elderly, and mentally and physically impaired
individual participants.
? Tests the intellectual capacity of young
children and people.
? Coloured progressive matrixes-assess a
persons capacity of level of observation and
clear thinking
? This is a language free test
? The scale has two sets A and b and ab set
Advanced Progressive Matrices
? ?Persons?who?are?above?11?years?and?those?
who?are?above?average?in?mental?ability.
? Time?limit
? The?first?set?has?12?problems,2
nd
?set?contains?
48?items,?presented?as?one?set?of?12?(set?I),?
and?another?of?36?(set?II).?
Difference between individual test and
group test
Basic difference Individual test Group test
Sample size Small sample Ultra large samples
Format Open ended Multi choice
Examiner's role Significant role, Minimal role
Time factors More time consuming Less time consuming
Physical & personality test
? Physical abilities use tasks or abilities that
require physical ability to perform
? Measure physical attributes and characteristics
? Personality Assessment test:
? Personality means how people affect othersand
how they understand and view themselves as
well as their pattern of inner and outer
measurable traits and person situation
interaction
? Not a single characteristic; multidimensional in
nature with many interacting elements
Personality?assessment?test
? A?personality? test?is? a? questionnaire? or? other?
standardized? instrument? designed? to? reveal?
aspects? of? an? individual's? character? or?
psychological? makeup.? The? first?personality?
tests?were? developed? in? the? 1920s? and? were?
intended? to? ease? the? process? of? personnel?
selection,?particularly?in?the?armed?forces.?
? the?combination?of?characteristics?or?qualities?
that?form?an?individual's?distinctive?character.
Measuring personality:
? Personality rating methods
? Personality inventories
? Situational tests
? Projective methods
Personality rating methods
? Rating is a term applied or judgment regarding
some situation, object or character. Opinion
are usually expresses on a scale of values.
Rating techniques are derive which such
judgements may be quantified.
Rating scales:
?is a selected list of words , phrases , sentences or para
following which an observer records value or rating based
upon objective scale of values
? A rating scale is an instrument i.e. A list of questions
that is set to enable the reviewer to indicate the, size
or intensity of the underlying characteristics of a
person.
? Description of the characteristics ?clarity-rate
? Items on each scale must b described in such a way-to
know what they mean
? Items should be described in terms of behaviour
? The description of the personality
characteristic must be clear and we defined
? The item on each scale end must be described
? It should be concrete behaviour
Types?of?rating?scale:?
- Graphic?scale?
- A?straight?line?is?drawn?and?divided?into?many?parts?.?
Each?part-number?of?adjectives?are?written.
- Evaluator?has?to?mark?any?of?these.
- Length?of?the?line-5?inches
- 3-5?adjectives?are?used
- Division?on?the?line?should?be?equidistant
- Graphic?Rating?Scale?is?a?type?of?performance?
appraisal?method.?In?this?method?traits?or?behaviours?
that?are?important?for?effective?performance?are?listed?
out?and?each?employee?is?rated?against?these?traits.?
The?rating?helps?employers?to?quantify?the?behaviours?
displayed?by?its?employees.
? Numerical scale:
Marks as associated with certain indicators.
Data that are counted or measured using a
numerically defined method are called
numerical (quantitative).
Three point, five point seven point scale
? Ranking?order:?Statistical?technique,?rank?are?mentioned?in?the?
descending?order.?
? A?Rank?Order?scale?gives?the?respondent?a?set?of?items?and?asks?
them?to?put?the?items?in?some?form?oforder.?The?measure?of?
'order'?can?include?such?as?preference,?importance,?liking,?
effectiveness?and?so?on.?The?order?is?often?a?simple?ordinal?
structure?(A?is?higher?than?B)
? Paired?comparison?scale???each?person?compared?with?other?in?the?
group?
? The?Paired?Comparison?Scaling?is?a?comparative?scaling?technique?
wherein?the?respondent?is?shown?two?objects?at?the?same?time?and?
is?asked?to?select?one?according?to?the?defined?criterion.?
Rank order
Paired comparision
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
? The?general?intelligence,? g,?influences?the?
performance?on?all?mental?tasks,?while?another?
component?influences?abilities?on?a?particular?
task.
[7]
? Raven's Progressive Matrices?(often?referred?to?simply?as?Raven's
Matrices)?or?RPM?is?a?nonverbal?group?test?typically?used?in?
educational?settings.
? ?It?is?usually?a?60-item?test?used?in?measuring?abstract?reasoning?and?
regarded?as?a?non-verbal?estimate?of?fluid?intelligence.
[
? 1]
?It?is?the?most?common?and?popular?test?administered?to?groups?
ranging?from?5-year-olds?to?the?elderly.
[2]
? ?It?is?made?of?60?multiple?choice?questions,?listed?in?order?of?
difficulty.
[2
? ]
?This?format?is?designed?to?measure?the?test?taker's?reasoning?ability,?
the?eductive?("meaning-making")?component?of?Spearman's? g?( g?is?
often?referred?to?as?general?intelligence).?
? The?tests?were?originally?developed?by?John?C.?Raven?in?1936.
[3]
?In?
each?test?item,?the?subject?is?asked?to?identify?the?missing?element?
that?completes?a?pattern.
? ?Many?patterns?are?presented?in?the?form?of?a?6?6,?4?4,?3?3,?or?
2?2?matrix,?giving?the?test?its?name.
? All of the questions on the Raven's progressives
consist of visual geometric design with a missing
piece. The test taker is given six to eight choices to
pick from and fill in the missing piece.
[4]
? An IQ test item in the style of a Raven's
Progressive Matrices test. Given eight patterns,
the subject must identify the missing ninth
pattern
The Matrices are available in three different forms
for participants of different ability:
? Standard Progressive Matrices-This was
developed to assess a person?s intellectual ability
at the time of testing him with design or patterns.
? Person has to find relation between designs and
perform task. The booklet comprises five sets (A
to E) of 12 items each (e.g., A1 through A12),
? A and B-6 piece designs
? B & c-8 pieces of design. All items are presented
in black ink on a white background
? Coloured Progressive Matrices-Designed for
children aged 5 through 11 years-of-age, the
elderly, and mentally and physically impaired
individual participants.
? Tests the intellectual capacity of young
children and people.
? Coloured progressive matrixes-assess a
persons capacity of level of observation and
clear thinking
? This is a language free test
? The scale has two sets A and b and ab set
Advanced Progressive Matrices
? ?Persons?who?are?above?11?years?and?those?
who?are?above?average?in?mental?ability.
? Time?limit
? The?first?set?has?12?problems,2
nd
?set?contains?
48?items,?presented?as?one?set?of?12?(set?I),?
and?another?of?36?(set?II).?
Difference between individual test and
group test
Basic difference Individual test Group test
Sample size Small sample Ultra large samples
Format Open ended Multi choice
Examiner's role Significant role, Minimal role
Time factors More time consuming Less time consuming
Physical & personality test
? Physical abilities use tasks or abilities that
require physical ability to perform
? Measure physical attributes and characteristics
? Personality Assessment test:
? Personality means how people affect othersand
how they understand and view themselves as
well as their pattern of inner and outer
measurable traits and person situation
interaction
? Not a single characteristic; multidimensional in
nature with many interacting elements
Personality?assessment?test
? A?personality? test?is? a? questionnaire? or? other?
standardized? instrument? designed? to? reveal?
aspects? of? an? individual's? character? or?
psychological? makeup.? The? first?personality?
tests?were? developed? in? the? 1920s? and? were?
intended? to? ease? the? process? of? personnel?
selection,?particularly?in?the?armed?forces.?
? the?combination?of?characteristics?or?qualities?
that?form?an?individual's?distinctive?character.
Measuring personality:
? Personality rating methods
? Personality inventories
? Situational tests
? Projective methods
Personality rating methods
? Rating is a term applied or judgment regarding
some situation, object or character. Opinion
are usually expresses on a scale of values.
Rating techniques are derive which such
judgements may be quantified.
Rating scales:
?is a selected list of words , phrases , sentences or para
following which an observer records value or rating based
upon objective scale of values
? A rating scale is an instrument i.e. A list of questions
that is set to enable the reviewer to indicate the, size
or intensity of the underlying characteristics of a
person.
? Description of the characteristics ?clarity-rate
? Items on each scale must b described in such a way-to
know what they mean
? Items should be described in terms of behaviour
? The description of the personality
characteristic must be clear and we defined
? The item on each scale end must be described
? It should be concrete behaviour
Types?of?rating?scale:?
- Graphic?scale?
- A?straight?line?is?drawn?and?divided?into?many?parts?.?
Each?part-number?of?adjectives?are?written.
- Evaluator?has?to?mark?any?of?these.
- Length?of?the?line-5?inches
- 3-5?adjectives?are?used
- Division?on?the?line?should?be?equidistant
- Graphic?Rating?Scale?is?a?type?of?performance?
appraisal?method.?In?this?method?traits?or?behaviours?
that?are?important?for?effective?performance?are?listed?
out?and?each?employee?is?rated?against?these?traits.?
The?rating?helps?employers?to?quantify?the?behaviours?
displayed?by?its?employees.
? Numerical scale:
Marks as associated with certain indicators.
Data that are counted or measured using a
numerically defined method are called
numerical (quantitative).
Three point, five point seven point scale
? Ranking?order:?Statistical?technique,?rank?are?mentioned?in?the?
descending?order.?
? A?Rank?Order?scale?gives?the?respondent?a?set?of?items?and?asks?
them?to?put?the?items?in?some?form?oforder.?The?measure?of?
'order'?can?include?such?as?preference,?importance,?liking,?
effectiveness?and?so?on.?The?order?is?often?a?simple?ordinal?
structure?(A?is?higher?than?B)
? Paired?comparison?scale???each?person?compared?with?other?in?the?
group?
? The?Paired?Comparison?Scaling?is?a?comparative?scaling?technique?
wherein?the?respondent?is?shown?two?objects?at?the?same?time?and?
is?asked?to?select?one?according?to?the?defined?criterion.?
Rank order
Paired comparision
Forced choice scale
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
? The?general?intelligence,? g,?influences?the?
performance?on?all?mental?tasks,?while?another?
component?influences?abilities?on?a?particular?
task.
[7]
? Raven's Progressive Matrices?(often?referred?to?simply?as?Raven's
Matrices)?or?RPM?is?a?nonverbal?group?test?typically?used?in?
educational?settings.
? ?It?is?usually?a?60-item?test?used?in?measuring?abstract?reasoning?and?
regarded?as?a?non-verbal?estimate?of?fluid?intelligence.
[
? 1]
?It?is?the?most?common?and?popular?test?administered?to?groups?
ranging?from?5-year-olds?to?the?elderly.
[2]
? ?It?is?made?of?60?multiple?choice?questions,?listed?in?order?of?
difficulty.
[2
? ]
?This?format?is?designed?to?measure?the?test?taker's?reasoning?ability,?
the?eductive?("meaning-making")?component?of?Spearman's? g?( g?is?
often?referred?to?as?general?intelligence).?
? The?tests?were?originally?developed?by?John?C.?Raven?in?1936.
[3]
?In?
each?test?item,?the?subject?is?asked?to?identify?the?missing?element?
that?completes?a?pattern.
? ?Many?patterns?are?presented?in?the?form?of?a?6?6,?4?4,?3?3,?or?
2?2?matrix,?giving?the?test?its?name.
? All of the questions on the Raven's progressives
consist of visual geometric design with a missing
piece. The test taker is given six to eight choices to
pick from and fill in the missing piece.
[4]
? An IQ test item in the style of a Raven's
Progressive Matrices test. Given eight patterns,
the subject must identify the missing ninth
pattern
The Matrices are available in three different forms
for participants of different ability:
? Standard Progressive Matrices-This was
developed to assess a person?s intellectual ability
at the time of testing him with design or patterns.
? Person has to find relation between designs and
perform task. The booklet comprises five sets (A
to E) of 12 items each (e.g., A1 through A12),
? A and B-6 piece designs
? B & c-8 pieces of design. All items are presented
in black ink on a white background
? Coloured Progressive Matrices-Designed for
children aged 5 through 11 years-of-age, the
elderly, and mentally and physically impaired
individual participants.
? Tests the intellectual capacity of young
children and people.
? Coloured progressive matrixes-assess a
persons capacity of level of observation and
clear thinking
? This is a language free test
? The scale has two sets A and b and ab set
Advanced Progressive Matrices
? ?Persons?who?are?above?11?years?and?those?
who?are?above?average?in?mental?ability.
? Time?limit
? The?first?set?has?12?problems,2
nd
?set?contains?
48?items,?presented?as?one?set?of?12?(set?I),?
and?another?of?36?(set?II).?
Difference between individual test and
group test
Basic difference Individual test Group test
Sample size Small sample Ultra large samples
Format Open ended Multi choice
Examiner's role Significant role, Minimal role
Time factors More time consuming Less time consuming
Physical & personality test
? Physical abilities use tasks or abilities that
require physical ability to perform
? Measure physical attributes and characteristics
? Personality Assessment test:
? Personality means how people affect othersand
how they understand and view themselves as
well as their pattern of inner and outer
measurable traits and person situation
interaction
? Not a single characteristic; multidimensional in
nature with many interacting elements
Personality?assessment?test
? A?personality? test?is? a? questionnaire? or? other?
standardized? instrument? designed? to? reveal?
aspects? of? an? individual's? character? or?
psychological? makeup.? The? first?personality?
tests?were? developed? in? the? 1920s? and? were?
intended? to? ease? the? process? of? personnel?
selection,?particularly?in?the?armed?forces.?
? the?combination?of?characteristics?or?qualities?
that?form?an?individual's?distinctive?character.
Measuring personality:
? Personality rating methods
? Personality inventories
? Situational tests
? Projective methods
Personality rating methods
? Rating is a term applied or judgment regarding
some situation, object or character. Opinion
are usually expresses on a scale of values.
Rating techniques are derive which such
judgements may be quantified.
Rating scales:
?is a selected list of words , phrases , sentences or para
following which an observer records value or rating based
upon objective scale of values
? A rating scale is an instrument i.e. A list of questions
that is set to enable the reviewer to indicate the, size
or intensity of the underlying characteristics of a
person.
? Description of the characteristics ?clarity-rate
? Items on each scale must b described in such a way-to
know what they mean
? Items should be described in terms of behaviour
? The description of the personality
characteristic must be clear and we defined
? The item on each scale end must be described
? It should be concrete behaviour
Types?of?rating?scale:?
- Graphic?scale?
- A?straight?line?is?drawn?and?divided?into?many?parts?.?
Each?part-number?of?adjectives?are?written.
- Evaluator?has?to?mark?any?of?these.
- Length?of?the?line-5?inches
- 3-5?adjectives?are?used
- Division?on?the?line?should?be?equidistant
- Graphic?Rating?Scale?is?a?type?of?performance?
appraisal?method.?In?this?method?traits?or?behaviours?
that?are?important?for?effective?performance?are?listed?
out?and?each?employee?is?rated?against?these?traits.?
The?rating?helps?employers?to?quantify?the?behaviours?
displayed?by?its?employees.
? Numerical scale:
Marks as associated with certain indicators.
Data that are counted or measured using a
numerically defined method are called
numerical (quantitative).
Three point, five point seven point scale
? Ranking?order:?Statistical?technique,?rank?are?mentioned?in?the?
descending?order.?
? A?Rank?Order?scale?gives?the?respondent?a?set?of?items?and?asks?
them?to?put?the?items?in?some?form?oforder.?The?measure?of?
'order'?can?include?such?as?preference,?importance,?liking,?
effectiveness?and?so?on.?The?order?is?often?a?simple?ordinal?
structure?(A?is?higher?than?B)
? Paired?comparison?scale???each?person?compared?with?other?in?the?
group?
? The?Paired?Comparison?Scaling?is?a?comparative?scaling?technique?
wherein?the?respondent?is?shown?two?objects?at?the?same?time?and?
is?asked?to?select?one?according?to?the?defined?criterion.?
Rank order
Paired comparision
Forced choice scale
Forced choiced scale
? Forced choice refers to a specific format for
response options in survey questionnaires. In
a forced choice format, respondents are not
given a specific option to reflect a
"nonresponse" type choice, such as "no
opinion," "don't know," "not sure," or "not
applicable." Respondents must select a
response choice that provides a specific
answer to the survey item.
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
? The?general?intelligence,? g,?influences?the?
performance?on?all?mental?tasks,?while?another?
component?influences?abilities?on?a?particular?
task.
[7]
? Raven's Progressive Matrices?(often?referred?to?simply?as?Raven's
Matrices)?or?RPM?is?a?nonverbal?group?test?typically?used?in?
educational?settings.
? ?It?is?usually?a?60-item?test?used?in?measuring?abstract?reasoning?and?
regarded?as?a?non-verbal?estimate?of?fluid?intelligence.
[
? 1]
?It?is?the?most?common?and?popular?test?administered?to?groups?
ranging?from?5-year-olds?to?the?elderly.
[2]
? ?It?is?made?of?60?multiple?choice?questions,?listed?in?order?of?
difficulty.
[2
? ]
?This?format?is?designed?to?measure?the?test?taker's?reasoning?ability,?
the?eductive?("meaning-making")?component?of?Spearman's? g?( g?is?
often?referred?to?as?general?intelligence).?
? The?tests?were?originally?developed?by?John?C.?Raven?in?1936.
[3]
?In?
each?test?item,?the?subject?is?asked?to?identify?the?missing?element?
that?completes?a?pattern.
? ?Many?patterns?are?presented?in?the?form?of?a?6?6,?4?4,?3?3,?or?
2?2?matrix,?giving?the?test?its?name.
? All of the questions on the Raven's progressives
consist of visual geometric design with a missing
piece. The test taker is given six to eight choices to
pick from and fill in the missing piece.
[4]
? An IQ test item in the style of a Raven's
Progressive Matrices test. Given eight patterns,
the subject must identify the missing ninth
pattern
The Matrices are available in three different forms
for participants of different ability:
? Standard Progressive Matrices-This was
developed to assess a person?s intellectual ability
at the time of testing him with design or patterns.
? Person has to find relation between designs and
perform task. The booklet comprises five sets (A
to E) of 12 items each (e.g., A1 through A12),
? A and B-6 piece designs
? B & c-8 pieces of design. All items are presented
in black ink on a white background
? Coloured Progressive Matrices-Designed for
children aged 5 through 11 years-of-age, the
elderly, and mentally and physically impaired
individual participants.
? Tests the intellectual capacity of young
children and people.
? Coloured progressive matrixes-assess a
persons capacity of level of observation and
clear thinking
? This is a language free test
? The scale has two sets A and b and ab set
Advanced Progressive Matrices
? ?Persons?who?are?above?11?years?and?those?
who?are?above?average?in?mental?ability.
? Time?limit
? The?first?set?has?12?problems,2
nd
?set?contains?
48?items,?presented?as?one?set?of?12?(set?I),?
and?another?of?36?(set?II).?
Difference between individual test and
group test
Basic difference Individual test Group test
Sample size Small sample Ultra large samples
Format Open ended Multi choice
Examiner's role Significant role, Minimal role
Time factors More time consuming Less time consuming
Physical & personality test
? Physical abilities use tasks or abilities that
require physical ability to perform
? Measure physical attributes and characteristics
? Personality Assessment test:
? Personality means how people affect othersand
how they understand and view themselves as
well as their pattern of inner and outer
measurable traits and person situation
interaction
? Not a single characteristic; multidimensional in
nature with many interacting elements
Personality?assessment?test
? A?personality? test?is? a? questionnaire? or? other?
standardized? instrument? designed? to? reveal?
aspects? of? an? individual's? character? or?
psychological? makeup.? The? first?personality?
tests?were? developed? in? the? 1920s? and? were?
intended? to? ease? the? process? of? personnel?
selection,?particularly?in?the?armed?forces.?
? the?combination?of?characteristics?or?qualities?
that?form?an?individual's?distinctive?character.
Measuring personality:
? Personality rating methods
? Personality inventories
? Situational tests
? Projective methods
Personality rating methods
? Rating is a term applied or judgment regarding
some situation, object or character. Opinion
are usually expresses on a scale of values.
Rating techniques are derive which such
judgements may be quantified.
Rating scales:
?is a selected list of words , phrases , sentences or para
following which an observer records value or rating based
upon objective scale of values
? A rating scale is an instrument i.e. A list of questions
that is set to enable the reviewer to indicate the, size
or intensity of the underlying characteristics of a
person.
? Description of the characteristics ?clarity-rate
? Items on each scale must b described in such a way-to
know what they mean
? Items should be described in terms of behaviour
? The description of the personality
characteristic must be clear and we defined
? The item on each scale end must be described
? It should be concrete behaviour
Types?of?rating?scale:?
- Graphic?scale?
- A?straight?line?is?drawn?and?divided?into?many?parts?.?
Each?part-number?of?adjectives?are?written.
- Evaluator?has?to?mark?any?of?these.
- Length?of?the?line-5?inches
- 3-5?adjectives?are?used
- Division?on?the?line?should?be?equidistant
- Graphic?Rating?Scale?is?a?type?of?performance?
appraisal?method.?In?this?method?traits?or?behaviours?
that?are?important?for?effective?performance?are?listed?
out?and?each?employee?is?rated?against?these?traits.?
The?rating?helps?employers?to?quantify?the?behaviours?
displayed?by?its?employees.
? Numerical scale:
Marks as associated with certain indicators.
Data that are counted or measured using a
numerically defined method are called
numerical (quantitative).
Three point, five point seven point scale
? Ranking?order:?Statistical?technique,?rank?are?mentioned?in?the?
descending?order.?
? A?Rank?Order?scale?gives?the?respondent?a?set?of?items?and?asks?
them?to?put?the?items?in?some?form?oforder.?The?measure?of?
'order'?can?include?such?as?preference,?importance,?liking,?
effectiveness?and?so?on.?The?order?is?often?a?simple?ordinal?
structure?(A?is?higher?than?B)
? Paired?comparison?scale???each?person?compared?with?other?in?the?
group?
? The?Paired?Comparison?Scaling?is?a?comparative?scaling?technique?
wherein?the?respondent?is?shown?two?objects?at?the?same?time?and?
is?asked?to?select?one?according?to?the?defined?criterion.?
Rank order
Paired comparision
Forced choice scale
Forced choiced scale
? Forced choice refers to a specific format for
response options in survey questionnaires. In
a forced choice format, respondents are not
given a specific option to reflect a
"nonresponse" type choice, such as "no
opinion," "don't know," "not sure," or "not
applicable." Respondents must select a
response choice that provides a specific
answer to the survey item.
Rating interview-
The interviewing process often includes the use
of rating scales that the interviewers (also called
?raters?) use to evaluate the quality of the
interview and lead to some kind of
recommendation of the candidate for the job in
question.
Assess personality characteristicsof a subject on
a standardised rating scale.
Discusses worker?s achievement
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
? The?general?intelligence,? g,?influences?the?
performance?on?all?mental?tasks,?while?another?
component?influences?abilities?on?a?particular?
task.
[7]
? Raven's Progressive Matrices?(often?referred?to?simply?as?Raven's
Matrices)?or?RPM?is?a?nonverbal?group?test?typically?used?in?
educational?settings.
? ?It?is?usually?a?60-item?test?used?in?measuring?abstract?reasoning?and?
regarded?as?a?non-verbal?estimate?of?fluid?intelligence.
[
? 1]
?It?is?the?most?common?and?popular?test?administered?to?groups?
ranging?from?5-year-olds?to?the?elderly.
[2]
? ?It?is?made?of?60?multiple?choice?questions,?listed?in?order?of?
difficulty.
[2
? ]
?This?format?is?designed?to?measure?the?test?taker's?reasoning?ability,?
the?eductive?("meaning-making")?component?of?Spearman's? g?( g?is?
often?referred?to?as?general?intelligence).?
? The?tests?were?originally?developed?by?John?C.?Raven?in?1936.
[3]
?In?
each?test?item,?the?subject?is?asked?to?identify?the?missing?element?
that?completes?a?pattern.
? ?Many?patterns?are?presented?in?the?form?of?a?6?6,?4?4,?3?3,?or?
2?2?matrix,?giving?the?test?its?name.
? All of the questions on the Raven's progressives
consist of visual geometric design with a missing
piece. The test taker is given six to eight choices to
pick from and fill in the missing piece.
[4]
? An IQ test item in the style of a Raven's
Progressive Matrices test. Given eight patterns,
the subject must identify the missing ninth
pattern
The Matrices are available in three different forms
for participants of different ability:
? Standard Progressive Matrices-This was
developed to assess a person?s intellectual ability
at the time of testing him with design or patterns.
? Person has to find relation between designs and
perform task. The booklet comprises five sets (A
to E) of 12 items each (e.g., A1 through A12),
? A and B-6 piece designs
? B & c-8 pieces of design. All items are presented
in black ink on a white background
? Coloured Progressive Matrices-Designed for
children aged 5 through 11 years-of-age, the
elderly, and mentally and physically impaired
individual participants.
? Tests the intellectual capacity of young
children and people.
? Coloured progressive matrixes-assess a
persons capacity of level of observation and
clear thinking
? This is a language free test
? The scale has two sets A and b and ab set
Advanced Progressive Matrices
? ?Persons?who?are?above?11?years?and?those?
who?are?above?average?in?mental?ability.
? Time?limit
? The?first?set?has?12?problems,2
nd
?set?contains?
48?items,?presented?as?one?set?of?12?(set?I),?
and?another?of?36?(set?II).?
Difference between individual test and
group test
Basic difference Individual test Group test
Sample size Small sample Ultra large samples
Format Open ended Multi choice
Examiner's role Significant role, Minimal role
Time factors More time consuming Less time consuming
Physical & personality test
? Physical abilities use tasks or abilities that
require physical ability to perform
? Measure physical attributes and characteristics
? Personality Assessment test:
? Personality means how people affect othersand
how they understand and view themselves as
well as their pattern of inner and outer
measurable traits and person situation
interaction
? Not a single characteristic; multidimensional in
nature with many interacting elements
Personality?assessment?test
? A?personality? test?is? a? questionnaire? or? other?
standardized? instrument? designed? to? reveal?
aspects? of? an? individual's? character? or?
psychological? makeup.? The? first?personality?
tests?were? developed? in? the? 1920s? and? were?
intended? to? ease? the? process? of? personnel?
selection,?particularly?in?the?armed?forces.?
? the?combination?of?characteristics?or?qualities?
that?form?an?individual's?distinctive?character.
Measuring personality:
? Personality rating methods
? Personality inventories
? Situational tests
? Projective methods
Personality rating methods
? Rating is a term applied or judgment regarding
some situation, object or character. Opinion
are usually expresses on a scale of values.
Rating techniques are derive which such
judgements may be quantified.
Rating scales:
?is a selected list of words , phrases , sentences or para
following which an observer records value or rating based
upon objective scale of values
? A rating scale is an instrument i.e. A list of questions
that is set to enable the reviewer to indicate the, size
or intensity of the underlying characteristics of a
person.
? Description of the characteristics ?clarity-rate
? Items on each scale must b described in such a way-to
know what they mean
? Items should be described in terms of behaviour
? The description of the personality
characteristic must be clear and we defined
? The item on each scale end must be described
? It should be concrete behaviour
Types?of?rating?scale:?
- Graphic?scale?
- A?straight?line?is?drawn?and?divided?into?many?parts?.?
Each?part-number?of?adjectives?are?written.
- Evaluator?has?to?mark?any?of?these.
- Length?of?the?line-5?inches
- 3-5?adjectives?are?used
- Division?on?the?line?should?be?equidistant
- Graphic?Rating?Scale?is?a?type?of?performance?
appraisal?method.?In?this?method?traits?or?behaviours?
that?are?important?for?effective?performance?are?listed?
out?and?each?employee?is?rated?against?these?traits.?
The?rating?helps?employers?to?quantify?the?behaviours?
displayed?by?its?employees.
? Numerical scale:
Marks as associated with certain indicators.
Data that are counted or measured using a
numerically defined method are called
numerical (quantitative).
Three point, five point seven point scale
? Ranking?order:?Statistical?technique,?rank?are?mentioned?in?the?
descending?order.?
? A?Rank?Order?scale?gives?the?respondent?a?set?of?items?and?asks?
them?to?put?the?items?in?some?form?oforder.?The?measure?of?
'order'?can?include?such?as?preference,?importance,?liking,?
effectiveness?and?so?on.?The?order?is?often?a?simple?ordinal?
structure?(A?is?higher?than?B)
? Paired?comparison?scale???each?person?compared?with?other?in?the?
group?
? The?Paired?Comparison?Scaling?is?a?comparative?scaling?technique?
wherein?the?respondent?is?shown?two?objects?at?the?same?time?and?
is?asked?to?select?one?according?to?the?defined?criterion.?
Rank order
Paired comparision
Forced choice scale
Forced choiced scale
? Forced choice refers to a specific format for
response options in survey questionnaires. In
a forced choice format, respondents are not
given a specific option to reflect a
"nonresponse" type choice, such as "no
opinion," "don't know," "not sure," or "not
applicable." Respondents must select a
response choice that provides a specific
answer to the survey item.
Rating interview-
The interviewing process often includes the use
of rating scales that the interviewers (also called
?raters?) use to evaluate the quality of the
interview and lead to some kind of
recommendation of the candidate for the job in
question.
Assess personality characteristicsof a subject on
a standardised rating scale.
Discusses worker?s achievement
? Situational tests: real life conditioning are
simulate
? Candidate?s spontaneous reactions will be
recorded
? It is done in a group and based on them
? It include role play, case studies, group
discussion

FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
? The?general?intelligence,? g,?influences?the?
performance?on?all?mental?tasks,?while?another?
component?influences?abilities?on?a?particular?
task.
[7]
? Raven's Progressive Matrices?(often?referred?to?simply?as?Raven's
Matrices)?or?RPM?is?a?nonverbal?group?test?typically?used?in?
educational?settings.
? ?It?is?usually?a?60-item?test?used?in?measuring?abstract?reasoning?and?
regarded?as?a?non-verbal?estimate?of?fluid?intelligence.
[
? 1]
?It?is?the?most?common?and?popular?test?administered?to?groups?
ranging?from?5-year-olds?to?the?elderly.
[2]
? ?It?is?made?of?60?multiple?choice?questions,?listed?in?order?of?
difficulty.
[2
? ]
?This?format?is?designed?to?measure?the?test?taker's?reasoning?ability,?
the?eductive?("meaning-making")?component?of?Spearman's? g?( g?is?
often?referred?to?as?general?intelligence).?
? The?tests?were?originally?developed?by?John?C.?Raven?in?1936.
[3]
?In?
each?test?item,?the?subject?is?asked?to?identify?the?missing?element?
that?completes?a?pattern.
? ?Many?patterns?are?presented?in?the?form?of?a?6?6,?4?4,?3?3,?or?
2?2?matrix,?giving?the?test?its?name.
? All of the questions on the Raven's progressives
consist of visual geometric design with a missing
piece. The test taker is given six to eight choices to
pick from and fill in the missing piece.
[4]
? An IQ test item in the style of a Raven's
Progressive Matrices test. Given eight patterns,
the subject must identify the missing ninth
pattern
The Matrices are available in three different forms
for participants of different ability:
? Standard Progressive Matrices-This was
developed to assess a person?s intellectual ability
at the time of testing him with design or patterns.
? Person has to find relation between designs and
perform task. The booklet comprises five sets (A
to E) of 12 items each (e.g., A1 through A12),
? A and B-6 piece designs
? B & c-8 pieces of design. All items are presented
in black ink on a white background
? Coloured Progressive Matrices-Designed for
children aged 5 through 11 years-of-age, the
elderly, and mentally and physically impaired
individual participants.
? Tests the intellectual capacity of young
children and people.
? Coloured progressive matrixes-assess a
persons capacity of level of observation and
clear thinking
? This is a language free test
? The scale has two sets A and b and ab set
Advanced Progressive Matrices
? ?Persons?who?are?above?11?years?and?those?
who?are?above?average?in?mental?ability.
? Time?limit
? The?first?set?has?12?problems,2
nd
?set?contains?
48?items,?presented?as?one?set?of?12?(set?I),?
and?another?of?36?(set?II).?
Difference between individual test and
group test
Basic difference Individual test Group test
Sample size Small sample Ultra large samples
Format Open ended Multi choice
Examiner's role Significant role, Minimal role
Time factors More time consuming Less time consuming
Physical & personality test
? Physical abilities use tasks or abilities that
require physical ability to perform
? Measure physical attributes and characteristics
? Personality Assessment test:
? Personality means how people affect othersand
how they understand and view themselves as
well as their pattern of inner and outer
measurable traits and person situation
interaction
? Not a single characteristic; multidimensional in
nature with many interacting elements
Personality?assessment?test
? A?personality? test?is? a? questionnaire? or? other?
standardized? instrument? designed? to? reveal?
aspects? of? an? individual's? character? or?
psychological? makeup.? The? first?personality?
tests?were? developed? in? the? 1920s? and? were?
intended? to? ease? the? process? of? personnel?
selection,?particularly?in?the?armed?forces.?
? the?combination?of?characteristics?or?qualities?
that?form?an?individual's?distinctive?character.
Measuring personality:
? Personality rating methods
? Personality inventories
? Situational tests
? Projective methods
Personality rating methods
? Rating is a term applied or judgment regarding
some situation, object or character. Opinion
are usually expresses on a scale of values.
Rating techniques are derive which such
judgements may be quantified.
Rating scales:
?is a selected list of words , phrases , sentences or para
following which an observer records value or rating based
upon objective scale of values
? A rating scale is an instrument i.e. A list of questions
that is set to enable the reviewer to indicate the, size
or intensity of the underlying characteristics of a
person.
? Description of the characteristics ?clarity-rate
? Items on each scale must b described in such a way-to
know what they mean
? Items should be described in terms of behaviour
? The description of the personality
characteristic must be clear and we defined
? The item on each scale end must be described
? It should be concrete behaviour
Types?of?rating?scale:?
- Graphic?scale?
- A?straight?line?is?drawn?and?divided?into?many?parts?.?
Each?part-number?of?adjectives?are?written.
- Evaluator?has?to?mark?any?of?these.
- Length?of?the?line-5?inches
- 3-5?adjectives?are?used
- Division?on?the?line?should?be?equidistant
- Graphic?Rating?Scale?is?a?type?of?performance?
appraisal?method.?In?this?method?traits?or?behaviours?
that?are?important?for?effective?performance?are?listed?
out?and?each?employee?is?rated?against?these?traits.?
The?rating?helps?employers?to?quantify?the?behaviours?
displayed?by?its?employees.
? Numerical scale:
Marks as associated with certain indicators.
Data that are counted or measured using a
numerically defined method are called
numerical (quantitative).
Three point, five point seven point scale
? Ranking?order:?Statistical?technique,?rank?are?mentioned?in?the?
descending?order.?
? A?Rank?Order?scale?gives?the?respondent?a?set?of?items?and?asks?
them?to?put?the?items?in?some?form?oforder.?The?measure?of?
'order'?can?include?such?as?preference,?importance,?liking,?
effectiveness?and?so?on.?The?order?is?often?a?simple?ordinal?
structure?(A?is?higher?than?B)
? Paired?comparison?scale???each?person?compared?with?other?in?the?
group?
? The?Paired?Comparison?Scaling?is?a?comparative?scaling?technique?
wherein?the?respondent?is?shown?two?objects?at?the?same?time?and?
is?asked?to?select?one?according?to?the?defined?criterion.?
Rank order
Paired comparision
Forced choice scale
Forced choiced scale
? Forced choice refers to a specific format for
response options in survey questionnaires. In
a forced choice format, respondents are not
given a specific option to reflect a
"nonresponse" type choice, such as "no
opinion," "don't know," "not sure," or "not
applicable." Respondents must select a
response choice that provides a specific
answer to the survey item.
Rating interview-
The interviewing process often includes the use
of rating scales that the interviewers (also called
?raters?) use to evaluate the quality of the
interview and lead to some kind of
recommendation of the candidate for the job in
question.
Assess personality characteristicsof a subject on
a standardised rating scale.
Discusses worker?s achievement
? Situational tests: real life conditioning are
simulate
? Candidate?s spontaneous reactions will be
recorded
? It is done in a group and based on them
? It include role play, case studies, group
discussion

Types of situational test:
Derived from latin word socius ?social; metrum-
measure by Jacob L Moreno
Sociometry : the study of relationships within a
group of people.
Assess the positive and negative links between
persons within a group.
Sociometry is a way of measuring relationships
between people. Sociometric tests can include
variety of procedures used within social groups to
measure social status, popularity, peer
acceptance or rejection and reputation
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
? The?general?intelligence,? g,?influences?the?
performance?on?all?mental?tasks,?while?another?
component?influences?abilities?on?a?particular?
task.
[7]
? Raven's Progressive Matrices?(often?referred?to?simply?as?Raven's
Matrices)?or?RPM?is?a?nonverbal?group?test?typically?used?in?
educational?settings.
? ?It?is?usually?a?60-item?test?used?in?measuring?abstract?reasoning?and?
regarded?as?a?non-verbal?estimate?of?fluid?intelligence.
[
? 1]
?It?is?the?most?common?and?popular?test?administered?to?groups?
ranging?from?5-year-olds?to?the?elderly.
[2]
? ?It?is?made?of?60?multiple?choice?questions,?listed?in?order?of?
difficulty.
[2
? ]
?This?format?is?designed?to?measure?the?test?taker's?reasoning?ability,?
the?eductive?("meaning-making")?component?of?Spearman's? g?( g?is?
often?referred?to?as?general?intelligence).?
? The?tests?were?originally?developed?by?John?C.?Raven?in?1936.
[3]
?In?
each?test?item,?the?subject?is?asked?to?identify?the?missing?element?
that?completes?a?pattern.
? ?Many?patterns?are?presented?in?the?form?of?a?6?6,?4?4,?3?3,?or?
2?2?matrix,?giving?the?test?its?name.
? All of the questions on the Raven's progressives
consist of visual geometric design with a missing
piece. The test taker is given six to eight choices to
pick from and fill in the missing piece.
[4]
? An IQ test item in the style of a Raven's
Progressive Matrices test. Given eight patterns,
the subject must identify the missing ninth
pattern
The Matrices are available in three different forms
for participants of different ability:
? Standard Progressive Matrices-This was
developed to assess a person?s intellectual ability
at the time of testing him with design or patterns.
? Person has to find relation between designs and
perform task. The booklet comprises five sets (A
to E) of 12 items each (e.g., A1 through A12),
? A and B-6 piece designs
? B & c-8 pieces of design. All items are presented
in black ink on a white background
? Coloured Progressive Matrices-Designed for
children aged 5 through 11 years-of-age, the
elderly, and mentally and physically impaired
individual participants.
? Tests the intellectual capacity of young
children and people.
? Coloured progressive matrixes-assess a
persons capacity of level of observation and
clear thinking
? This is a language free test
? The scale has two sets A and b and ab set
Advanced Progressive Matrices
? ?Persons?who?are?above?11?years?and?those?
who?are?above?average?in?mental?ability.
? Time?limit
? The?first?set?has?12?problems,2
nd
?set?contains?
48?items,?presented?as?one?set?of?12?(set?I),?
and?another?of?36?(set?II).?
Difference between individual test and
group test
Basic difference Individual test Group test
Sample size Small sample Ultra large samples
Format Open ended Multi choice
Examiner's role Significant role, Minimal role
Time factors More time consuming Less time consuming
Physical & personality test
? Physical abilities use tasks or abilities that
require physical ability to perform
? Measure physical attributes and characteristics
? Personality Assessment test:
? Personality means how people affect othersand
how they understand and view themselves as
well as their pattern of inner and outer
measurable traits and person situation
interaction
? Not a single characteristic; multidimensional in
nature with many interacting elements
Personality?assessment?test
? A?personality? test?is? a? questionnaire? or? other?
standardized? instrument? designed? to? reveal?
aspects? of? an? individual's? character? or?
psychological? makeup.? The? first?personality?
tests?were? developed? in? the? 1920s? and? were?
intended? to? ease? the? process? of? personnel?
selection,?particularly?in?the?armed?forces.?
? the?combination?of?characteristics?or?qualities?
that?form?an?individual's?distinctive?character.
Measuring personality:
? Personality rating methods
? Personality inventories
? Situational tests
? Projective methods
Personality rating methods
? Rating is a term applied or judgment regarding
some situation, object or character. Opinion
are usually expresses on a scale of values.
Rating techniques are derive which such
judgements may be quantified.
Rating scales:
?is a selected list of words , phrases , sentences or para
following which an observer records value or rating based
upon objective scale of values
? A rating scale is an instrument i.e. A list of questions
that is set to enable the reviewer to indicate the, size
or intensity of the underlying characteristics of a
person.
? Description of the characteristics ?clarity-rate
? Items on each scale must b described in such a way-to
know what they mean
? Items should be described in terms of behaviour
? The description of the personality
characteristic must be clear and we defined
? The item on each scale end must be described
? It should be concrete behaviour
Types?of?rating?scale:?
- Graphic?scale?
- A?straight?line?is?drawn?and?divided?into?many?parts?.?
Each?part-number?of?adjectives?are?written.
- Evaluator?has?to?mark?any?of?these.
- Length?of?the?line-5?inches
- 3-5?adjectives?are?used
- Division?on?the?line?should?be?equidistant
- Graphic?Rating?Scale?is?a?type?of?performance?
appraisal?method.?In?this?method?traits?or?behaviours?
that?are?important?for?effective?performance?are?listed?
out?and?each?employee?is?rated?against?these?traits.?
The?rating?helps?employers?to?quantify?the?behaviours?
displayed?by?its?employees.
? Numerical scale:
Marks as associated with certain indicators.
Data that are counted or measured using a
numerically defined method are called
numerical (quantitative).
Three point, five point seven point scale
? Ranking?order:?Statistical?technique,?rank?are?mentioned?in?the?
descending?order.?
? A?Rank?Order?scale?gives?the?respondent?a?set?of?items?and?asks?
them?to?put?the?items?in?some?form?oforder.?The?measure?of?
'order'?can?include?such?as?preference,?importance,?liking,?
effectiveness?and?so?on.?The?order?is?often?a?simple?ordinal?
structure?(A?is?higher?than?B)
? Paired?comparison?scale???each?person?compared?with?other?in?the?
group?
? The?Paired?Comparison?Scaling?is?a?comparative?scaling?technique?
wherein?the?respondent?is?shown?two?objects?at?the?same?time?and?
is?asked?to?select?one?according?to?the?defined?criterion.?
Rank order
Paired comparision
Forced choice scale
Forced choiced scale
? Forced choice refers to a specific format for
response options in survey questionnaires. In
a forced choice format, respondents are not
given a specific option to reflect a
"nonresponse" type choice, such as "no
opinion," "don't know," "not sure," or "not
applicable." Respondents must select a
response choice that provides a specific
answer to the survey item.
Rating interview-
The interviewing process often includes the use
of rating scales that the interviewers (also called
?raters?) use to evaluate the quality of the
interview and lead to some kind of
recommendation of the candidate for the job in
question.
Assess personality characteristicsof a subject on
a standardised rating scale.
Discusses worker?s achievement
? Situational tests: real life conditioning are
simulate
? Candidate?s spontaneous reactions will be
recorded
? It is done in a group and based on them
? It include role play, case studies, group
discussion

Types of situational test:
Derived from latin word socius ?social; metrum-
measure by Jacob L Moreno
Sociometry : the study of relationships within a
group of people.
Assess the positive and negative links between
persons within a group.
Sociometry is a way of measuring relationships
between people. Sociometric tests can include
variety of procedures used within social groups to
measure social status, popularity, peer
acceptance or rejection and reputation
Sociometry
? Used to evaluate group structure
? Measure amount of organization shown by
social group-sociometric test
? Made in respect to work, home , school
groups
? Determines position of each individual in a
group in which he has to function
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
? The?general?intelligence,? g,?influences?the?
performance?on?all?mental?tasks,?while?another?
component?influences?abilities?on?a?particular?
task.
[7]
? Raven's Progressive Matrices?(often?referred?to?simply?as?Raven's
Matrices)?or?RPM?is?a?nonverbal?group?test?typically?used?in?
educational?settings.
? ?It?is?usually?a?60-item?test?used?in?measuring?abstract?reasoning?and?
regarded?as?a?non-verbal?estimate?of?fluid?intelligence.
[
? 1]
?It?is?the?most?common?and?popular?test?administered?to?groups?
ranging?from?5-year-olds?to?the?elderly.
[2]
? ?It?is?made?of?60?multiple?choice?questions,?listed?in?order?of?
difficulty.
[2
? ]
?This?format?is?designed?to?measure?the?test?taker's?reasoning?ability,?
the?eductive?("meaning-making")?component?of?Spearman's? g?( g?is?
often?referred?to?as?general?intelligence).?
? The?tests?were?originally?developed?by?John?C.?Raven?in?1936.
[3]
?In?
each?test?item,?the?subject?is?asked?to?identify?the?missing?element?
that?completes?a?pattern.
? ?Many?patterns?are?presented?in?the?form?of?a?6?6,?4?4,?3?3,?or?
2?2?matrix,?giving?the?test?its?name.
? All of the questions on the Raven's progressives
consist of visual geometric design with a missing
piece. The test taker is given six to eight choices to
pick from and fill in the missing piece.
[4]
? An IQ test item in the style of a Raven's
Progressive Matrices test. Given eight patterns,
the subject must identify the missing ninth
pattern
The Matrices are available in three different forms
for participants of different ability:
? Standard Progressive Matrices-This was
developed to assess a person?s intellectual ability
at the time of testing him with design or patterns.
? Person has to find relation between designs and
perform task. The booklet comprises five sets (A
to E) of 12 items each (e.g., A1 through A12),
? A and B-6 piece designs
? B & c-8 pieces of design. All items are presented
in black ink on a white background
? Coloured Progressive Matrices-Designed for
children aged 5 through 11 years-of-age, the
elderly, and mentally and physically impaired
individual participants.
? Tests the intellectual capacity of young
children and people.
? Coloured progressive matrixes-assess a
persons capacity of level of observation and
clear thinking
? This is a language free test
? The scale has two sets A and b and ab set
Advanced Progressive Matrices
? ?Persons?who?are?above?11?years?and?those?
who?are?above?average?in?mental?ability.
? Time?limit
? The?first?set?has?12?problems,2
nd
?set?contains?
48?items,?presented?as?one?set?of?12?(set?I),?
and?another?of?36?(set?II).?
Difference between individual test and
group test
Basic difference Individual test Group test
Sample size Small sample Ultra large samples
Format Open ended Multi choice
Examiner's role Significant role, Minimal role
Time factors More time consuming Less time consuming
Physical & personality test
? Physical abilities use tasks or abilities that
require physical ability to perform
? Measure physical attributes and characteristics
? Personality Assessment test:
? Personality means how people affect othersand
how they understand and view themselves as
well as their pattern of inner and outer
measurable traits and person situation
interaction
? Not a single characteristic; multidimensional in
nature with many interacting elements
Personality?assessment?test
? A?personality? test?is? a? questionnaire? or? other?
standardized? instrument? designed? to? reveal?
aspects? of? an? individual's? character? or?
psychological? makeup.? The? first?personality?
tests?were? developed? in? the? 1920s? and? were?
intended? to? ease? the? process? of? personnel?
selection,?particularly?in?the?armed?forces.?
? the?combination?of?characteristics?or?qualities?
that?form?an?individual's?distinctive?character.
Measuring personality:
? Personality rating methods
? Personality inventories
? Situational tests
? Projective methods
Personality rating methods
? Rating is a term applied or judgment regarding
some situation, object or character. Opinion
are usually expresses on a scale of values.
Rating techniques are derive which such
judgements may be quantified.
Rating scales:
?is a selected list of words , phrases , sentences or para
following which an observer records value or rating based
upon objective scale of values
? A rating scale is an instrument i.e. A list of questions
that is set to enable the reviewer to indicate the, size
or intensity of the underlying characteristics of a
person.
? Description of the characteristics ?clarity-rate
? Items on each scale must b described in such a way-to
know what they mean
? Items should be described in terms of behaviour
? The description of the personality
characteristic must be clear and we defined
? The item on each scale end must be described
? It should be concrete behaviour
Types?of?rating?scale:?
- Graphic?scale?
- A?straight?line?is?drawn?and?divided?into?many?parts?.?
Each?part-number?of?adjectives?are?written.
- Evaluator?has?to?mark?any?of?these.
- Length?of?the?line-5?inches
- 3-5?adjectives?are?used
- Division?on?the?line?should?be?equidistant
- Graphic?Rating?Scale?is?a?type?of?performance?
appraisal?method.?In?this?method?traits?or?behaviours?
that?are?important?for?effective?performance?are?listed?
out?and?each?employee?is?rated?against?these?traits.?
The?rating?helps?employers?to?quantify?the?behaviours?
displayed?by?its?employees.
? Numerical scale:
Marks as associated with certain indicators.
Data that are counted or measured using a
numerically defined method are called
numerical (quantitative).
Three point, five point seven point scale
? Ranking?order:?Statistical?technique,?rank?are?mentioned?in?the?
descending?order.?
? A?Rank?Order?scale?gives?the?respondent?a?set?of?items?and?asks?
them?to?put?the?items?in?some?form?oforder.?The?measure?of?
'order'?can?include?such?as?preference,?importance,?liking,?
effectiveness?and?so?on.?The?order?is?often?a?simple?ordinal?
structure?(A?is?higher?than?B)
? Paired?comparison?scale???each?person?compared?with?other?in?the?
group?
? The?Paired?Comparison?Scaling?is?a?comparative?scaling?technique?
wherein?the?respondent?is?shown?two?objects?at?the?same?time?and?
is?asked?to?select?one?according?to?the?defined?criterion.?
Rank order
Paired comparision
Forced choice scale
Forced choiced scale
? Forced choice refers to a specific format for
response options in survey questionnaires. In
a forced choice format, respondents are not
given a specific option to reflect a
"nonresponse" type choice, such as "no
opinion," "don't know," "not sure," or "not
applicable." Respondents must select a
response choice that provides a specific
answer to the survey item.
Rating interview-
The interviewing process often includes the use
of rating scales that the interviewers (also called
?raters?) use to evaluate the quality of the
interview and lead to some kind of
recommendation of the candidate for the job in
question.
Assess personality characteristicsof a subject on
a standardised rating scale.
Discusses worker?s achievement
? Situational tests: real life conditioning are
simulate
? Candidate?s spontaneous reactions will be
recorded
? It is done in a group and based on them
? It include role play, case studies, group
discussion

Types of situational test:
Derived from latin word socius ?social; metrum-
measure by Jacob L Moreno
Sociometry : the study of relationships within a
group of people.
Assess the positive and negative links between
persons within a group.
Sociometry is a way of measuring relationships
between people. Sociometric tests can include
variety of procedures used within social groups to
measure social status, popularity, peer
acceptance or rejection and reputation
Sociometry
? Used to evaluate group structure
? Measure amount of organization shown by
social group-sociometric test
? Made in respect to work, home , school
groups
? Determines position of each individual in a
group in which he has to function
CONSTRUCTION OF A SOCIOGRAM
A E F G
H
D
B I J
c K M
D is a star ?chosen by most of the members
J and g are unpopular
D serves as a bridge
ABCD has all channel communication
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
? The?general?intelligence,? g,?influences?the?
performance?on?all?mental?tasks,?while?another?
component?influences?abilities?on?a?particular?
task.
[7]
? Raven's Progressive Matrices?(often?referred?to?simply?as?Raven's
Matrices)?or?RPM?is?a?nonverbal?group?test?typically?used?in?
educational?settings.
? ?It?is?usually?a?60-item?test?used?in?measuring?abstract?reasoning?and?
regarded?as?a?non-verbal?estimate?of?fluid?intelligence.
[
? 1]
?It?is?the?most?common?and?popular?test?administered?to?groups?
ranging?from?5-year-olds?to?the?elderly.
[2]
? ?It?is?made?of?60?multiple?choice?questions,?listed?in?order?of?
difficulty.
[2
? ]
?This?format?is?designed?to?measure?the?test?taker's?reasoning?ability,?
the?eductive?("meaning-making")?component?of?Spearman's? g?( g?is?
often?referred?to?as?general?intelligence).?
? The?tests?were?originally?developed?by?John?C.?Raven?in?1936.
[3]
?In?
each?test?item,?the?subject?is?asked?to?identify?the?missing?element?
that?completes?a?pattern.
? ?Many?patterns?are?presented?in?the?form?of?a?6?6,?4?4,?3?3,?or?
2?2?matrix,?giving?the?test?its?name.
? All of the questions on the Raven's progressives
consist of visual geometric design with a missing
piece. The test taker is given six to eight choices to
pick from and fill in the missing piece.
[4]
? An IQ test item in the style of a Raven's
Progressive Matrices test. Given eight patterns,
the subject must identify the missing ninth
pattern
The Matrices are available in three different forms
for participants of different ability:
? Standard Progressive Matrices-This was
developed to assess a person?s intellectual ability
at the time of testing him with design or patterns.
? Person has to find relation between designs and
perform task. The booklet comprises five sets (A
to E) of 12 items each (e.g., A1 through A12),
? A and B-6 piece designs
? B & c-8 pieces of design. All items are presented
in black ink on a white background
? Coloured Progressive Matrices-Designed for
children aged 5 through 11 years-of-age, the
elderly, and mentally and physically impaired
individual participants.
? Tests the intellectual capacity of young
children and people.
? Coloured progressive matrixes-assess a
persons capacity of level of observation and
clear thinking
? This is a language free test
? The scale has two sets A and b and ab set
Advanced Progressive Matrices
? ?Persons?who?are?above?11?years?and?those?
who?are?above?average?in?mental?ability.
? Time?limit
? The?first?set?has?12?problems,2
nd
?set?contains?
48?items,?presented?as?one?set?of?12?(set?I),?
and?another?of?36?(set?II).?
Difference between individual test and
group test
Basic difference Individual test Group test
Sample size Small sample Ultra large samples
Format Open ended Multi choice
Examiner's role Significant role, Minimal role
Time factors More time consuming Less time consuming
Physical & personality test
? Physical abilities use tasks or abilities that
require physical ability to perform
? Measure physical attributes and characteristics
? Personality Assessment test:
? Personality means how people affect othersand
how they understand and view themselves as
well as their pattern of inner and outer
measurable traits and person situation
interaction
? Not a single characteristic; multidimensional in
nature with many interacting elements
Personality?assessment?test
? A?personality? test?is? a? questionnaire? or? other?
standardized? instrument? designed? to? reveal?
aspects? of? an? individual's? character? or?
psychological? makeup.? The? first?personality?
tests?were? developed? in? the? 1920s? and? were?
intended? to? ease? the? process? of? personnel?
selection,?particularly?in?the?armed?forces.?
? the?combination?of?characteristics?or?qualities?
that?form?an?individual's?distinctive?character.
Measuring personality:
? Personality rating methods
? Personality inventories
? Situational tests
? Projective methods
Personality rating methods
? Rating is a term applied or judgment regarding
some situation, object or character. Opinion
are usually expresses on a scale of values.
Rating techniques are derive which such
judgements may be quantified.
Rating scales:
?is a selected list of words , phrases , sentences or para
following which an observer records value or rating based
upon objective scale of values
? A rating scale is an instrument i.e. A list of questions
that is set to enable the reviewer to indicate the, size
or intensity of the underlying characteristics of a
person.
? Description of the characteristics ?clarity-rate
? Items on each scale must b described in such a way-to
know what they mean
? Items should be described in terms of behaviour
? The description of the personality
characteristic must be clear and we defined
? The item on each scale end must be described
? It should be concrete behaviour
Types?of?rating?scale:?
- Graphic?scale?
- A?straight?line?is?drawn?and?divided?into?many?parts?.?
Each?part-number?of?adjectives?are?written.
- Evaluator?has?to?mark?any?of?these.
- Length?of?the?line-5?inches
- 3-5?adjectives?are?used
- Division?on?the?line?should?be?equidistant
- Graphic?Rating?Scale?is?a?type?of?performance?
appraisal?method.?In?this?method?traits?or?behaviours?
that?are?important?for?effective?performance?are?listed?
out?and?each?employee?is?rated?against?these?traits.?
The?rating?helps?employers?to?quantify?the?behaviours?
displayed?by?its?employees.
? Numerical scale:
Marks as associated with certain indicators.
Data that are counted or measured using a
numerically defined method are called
numerical (quantitative).
Three point, five point seven point scale
? Ranking?order:?Statistical?technique,?rank?are?mentioned?in?the?
descending?order.?
? A?Rank?Order?scale?gives?the?respondent?a?set?of?items?and?asks?
them?to?put?the?items?in?some?form?oforder.?The?measure?of?
'order'?can?include?such?as?preference,?importance,?liking,?
effectiveness?and?so?on.?The?order?is?often?a?simple?ordinal?
structure?(A?is?higher?than?B)
? Paired?comparison?scale???each?person?compared?with?other?in?the?
group?
? The?Paired?Comparison?Scaling?is?a?comparative?scaling?technique?
wherein?the?respondent?is?shown?two?objects?at?the?same?time?and?
is?asked?to?select?one?according?to?the?defined?criterion.?
Rank order
Paired comparision
Forced choice scale
Forced choiced scale
? Forced choice refers to a specific format for
response options in survey questionnaires. In
a forced choice format, respondents are not
given a specific option to reflect a
"nonresponse" type choice, such as "no
opinion," "don't know," "not sure," or "not
applicable." Respondents must select a
response choice that provides a specific
answer to the survey item.
Rating interview-
The interviewing process often includes the use
of rating scales that the interviewers (also called
?raters?) use to evaluate the quality of the
interview and lead to some kind of
recommendation of the candidate for the job in
question.
Assess personality characteristicsof a subject on
a standardised rating scale.
Discusses worker?s achievement
? Situational tests: real life conditioning are
simulate
? Candidate?s spontaneous reactions will be
recorded
? It is done in a group and based on them
? It include role play, case studies, group
discussion

Types of situational test:
Derived from latin word socius ?social; metrum-
measure by Jacob L Moreno
Sociometry : the study of relationships within a
group of people.
Assess the positive and negative links between
persons within a group.
Sociometry is a way of measuring relationships
between people. Sociometric tests can include
variety of procedures used within social groups to
measure social status, popularity, peer
acceptance or rejection and reputation
Sociometry
? Used to evaluate group structure
? Measure amount of organization shown by
social group-sociometric test
? Made in respect to work, home , school
groups
? Determines position of each individual in a
group in which he has to function
CONSTRUCTION OF A SOCIOGRAM
A E F G
H
D
B I J
c K M
D is a star ?chosen by most of the members
J and g are unpopular
D serves as a bridge
ABCD has all channel communication
? Diagrammatic representation of patterns
showing interpersonal relationship
? This indicates choices, preferences, likes,
dislikes,interaction between individual
members in a group
? Gives a visual picture of sociometric structure
of a group
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
? The?general?intelligence,? g,?influences?the?
performance?on?all?mental?tasks,?while?another?
component?influences?abilities?on?a?particular?
task.
[7]
? Raven's Progressive Matrices?(often?referred?to?simply?as?Raven's
Matrices)?or?RPM?is?a?nonverbal?group?test?typically?used?in?
educational?settings.
? ?It?is?usually?a?60-item?test?used?in?measuring?abstract?reasoning?and?
regarded?as?a?non-verbal?estimate?of?fluid?intelligence.
[
? 1]
?It?is?the?most?common?and?popular?test?administered?to?groups?
ranging?from?5-year-olds?to?the?elderly.
[2]
? ?It?is?made?of?60?multiple?choice?questions,?listed?in?order?of?
difficulty.
[2
? ]
?This?format?is?designed?to?measure?the?test?taker's?reasoning?ability,?
the?eductive?("meaning-making")?component?of?Spearman's? g?( g?is?
often?referred?to?as?general?intelligence).?
? The?tests?were?originally?developed?by?John?C.?Raven?in?1936.
[3]
?In?
each?test?item,?the?subject?is?asked?to?identify?the?missing?element?
that?completes?a?pattern.
? ?Many?patterns?are?presented?in?the?form?of?a?6?6,?4?4,?3?3,?or?
2?2?matrix,?giving?the?test?its?name.
? All of the questions on the Raven's progressives
consist of visual geometric design with a missing
piece. The test taker is given six to eight choices to
pick from and fill in the missing piece.
[4]
? An IQ test item in the style of a Raven's
Progressive Matrices test. Given eight patterns,
the subject must identify the missing ninth
pattern
The Matrices are available in three different forms
for participants of different ability:
? Standard Progressive Matrices-This was
developed to assess a person?s intellectual ability
at the time of testing him with design or patterns.
? Person has to find relation between designs and
perform task. The booklet comprises five sets (A
to E) of 12 items each (e.g., A1 through A12),
? A and B-6 piece designs
? B & c-8 pieces of design. All items are presented
in black ink on a white background
? Coloured Progressive Matrices-Designed for
children aged 5 through 11 years-of-age, the
elderly, and mentally and physically impaired
individual participants.
? Tests the intellectual capacity of young
children and people.
? Coloured progressive matrixes-assess a
persons capacity of level of observation and
clear thinking
? This is a language free test
? The scale has two sets A and b and ab set
Advanced Progressive Matrices
? ?Persons?who?are?above?11?years?and?those?
who?are?above?average?in?mental?ability.
? Time?limit
? The?first?set?has?12?problems,2
nd
?set?contains?
48?items,?presented?as?one?set?of?12?(set?I),?
and?another?of?36?(set?II).?
Difference between individual test and
group test
Basic difference Individual test Group test
Sample size Small sample Ultra large samples
Format Open ended Multi choice
Examiner's role Significant role, Minimal role
Time factors More time consuming Less time consuming
Physical & personality test
? Physical abilities use tasks or abilities that
require physical ability to perform
? Measure physical attributes and characteristics
? Personality Assessment test:
? Personality means how people affect othersand
how they understand and view themselves as
well as their pattern of inner and outer
measurable traits and person situation
interaction
? Not a single characteristic; multidimensional in
nature with many interacting elements
Personality?assessment?test
? A?personality? test?is? a? questionnaire? or? other?
standardized? instrument? designed? to? reveal?
aspects? of? an? individual's? character? or?
psychological? makeup.? The? first?personality?
tests?were? developed? in? the? 1920s? and? were?
intended? to? ease? the? process? of? personnel?
selection,?particularly?in?the?armed?forces.?
? the?combination?of?characteristics?or?qualities?
that?form?an?individual's?distinctive?character.
Measuring personality:
? Personality rating methods
? Personality inventories
? Situational tests
? Projective methods
Personality rating methods
? Rating is a term applied or judgment regarding
some situation, object or character. Opinion
are usually expresses on a scale of values.
Rating techniques are derive which such
judgements may be quantified.
Rating scales:
?is a selected list of words , phrases , sentences or para
following which an observer records value or rating based
upon objective scale of values
? A rating scale is an instrument i.e. A list of questions
that is set to enable the reviewer to indicate the, size
or intensity of the underlying characteristics of a
person.
? Description of the characteristics ?clarity-rate
? Items on each scale must b described in such a way-to
know what they mean
? Items should be described in terms of behaviour
? The description of the personality
characteristic must be clear and we defined
? The item on each scale end must be described
? It should be concrete behaviour
Types?of?rating?scale:?
- Graphic?scale?
- A?straight?line?is?drawn?and?divided?into?many?parts?.?
Each?part-number?of?adjectives?are?written.
- Evaluator?has?to?mark?any?of?these.
- Length?of?the?line-5?inches
- 3-5?adjectives?are?used
- Division?on?the?line?should?be?equidistant
- Graphic?Rating?Scale?is?a?type?of?performance?
appraisal?method.?In?this?method?traits?or?behaviours?
that?are?important?for?effective?performance?are?listed?
out?and?each?employee?is?rated?against?these?traits.?
The?rating?helps?employers?to?quantify?the?behaviours?
displayed?by?its?employees.
? Numerical scale:
Marks as associated with certain indicators.
Data that are counted or measured using a
numerically defined method are called
numerical (quantitative).
Three point, five point seven point scale
? Ranking?order:?Statistical?technique,?rank?are?mentioned?in?the?
descending?order.?
? A?Rank?Order?scale?gives?the?respondent?a?set?of?items?and?asks?
them?to?put?the?items?in?some?form?oforder.?The?measure?of?
'order'?can?include?such?as?preference,?importance,?liking,?
effectiveness?and?so?on.?The?order?is?often?a?simple?ordinal?
structure?(A?is?higher?than?B)
? Paired?comparison?scale???each?person?compared?with?other?in?the?
group?
? The?Paired?Comparison?Scaling?is?a?comparative?scaling?technique?
wherein?the?respondent?is?shown?two?objects?at?the?same?time?and?
is?asked?to?select?one?according?to?the?defined?criterion.?
Rank order
Paired comparision
Forced choice scale
Forced choiced scale
? Forced choice refers to a specific format for
response options in survey questionnaires. In
a forced choice format, respondents are not
given a specific option to reflect a
"nonresponse" type choice, such as "no
opinion," "don't know," "not sure," or "not
applicable." Respondents must select a
response choice that provides a specific
answer to the survey item.
Rating interview-
The interviewing process often includes the use
of rating scales that the interviewers (also called
?raters?) use to evaluate the quality of the
interview and lead to some kind of
recommendation of the candidate for the job in
question.
Assess personality characteristicsof a subject on
a standardised rating scale.
Discusses worker?s achievement
? Situational tests: real life conditioning are
simulate
? Candidate?s spontaneous reactions will be
recorded
? It is done in a group and based on them
? It include role play, case studies, group
discussion

Types of situational test:
Derived from latin word socius ?social; metrum-
measure by Jacob L Moreno
Sociometry : the study of relationships within a
group of people.
Assess the positive and negative links between
persons within a group.
Sociometry is a way of measuring relationships
between people. Sociometric tests can include
variety of procedures used within social groups to
measure social status, popularity, peer
acceptance or rejection and reputation
Sociometry
? Used to evaluate group structure
? Measure amount of organization shown by
social group-sociometric test
? Made in respect to work, home , school
groups
? Determines position of each individual in a
group in which he has to function
CONSTRUCTION OF A SOCIOGRAM
A E F G
H
D
B I J
c K M
D is a star ?chosen by most of the members
J and g are unpopular
D serves as a bridge
ABCD has all channel communication
? Diagrammatic representation of patterns
showing interpersonal relationship
? This indicates choices, preferences, likes,
dislikes,interaction between individual
members in a group
? Gives a visual picture of sociometric structure
of a group
Various kinds of interaction in Sociometry test
? Social networks- a specific set of linkages among
defined set of people cluster
? Prescribed clusters- formal group within network
? Emergent clusters ? cluster of people who
temporarily align together to attain certain
objective
? Cliques- relatively permanent informal group
involving friendship
? Liaisons - individual who connect two or more
cluster but are no members of any cluster
? Bridges : connection as a linking pins by
belonging to two or more clusters
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
? The?general?intelligence,? g,?influences?the?
performance?on?all?mental?tasks,?while?another?
component?influences?abilities?on?a?particular?
task.
[7]
? Raven's Progressive Matrices?(often?referred?to?simply?as?Raven's
Matrices)?or?RPM?is?a?nonverbal?group?test?typically?used?in?
educational?settings.
? ?It?is?usually?a?60-item?test?used?in?measuring?abstract?reasoning?and?
regarded?as?a?non-verbal?estimate?of?fluid?intelligence.
[
? 1]
?It?is?the?most?common?and?popular?test?administered?to?groups?
ranging?from?5-year-olds?to?the?elderly.
[2]
? ?It?is?made?of?60?multiple?choice?questions,?listed?in?order?of?
difficulty.
[2
? ]
?This?format?is?designed?to?measure?the?test?taker's?reasoning?ability,?
the?eductive?("meaning-making")?component?of?Spearman's? g?( g?is?
often?referred?to?as?general?intelligence).?
? The?tests?were?originally?developed?by?John?C.?Raven?in?1936.
[3]
?In?
each?test?item,?the?subject?is?asked?to?identify?the?missing?element?
that?completes?a?pattern.
? ?Many?patterns?are?presented?in?the?form?of?a?6?6,?4?4,?3?3,?or?
2?2?matrix,?giving?the?test?its?name.
? All of the questions on the Raven's progressives
consist of visual geometric design with a missing
piece. The test taker is given six to eight choices to
pick from and fill in the missing piece.
[4]
? An IQ test item in the style of a Raven's
Progressive Matrices test. Given eight patterns,
the subject must identify the missing ninth
pattern
The Matrices are available in three different forms
for participants of different ability:
? Standard Progressive Matrices-This was
developed to assess a person?s intellectual ability
at the time of testing him with design or patterns.
? Person has to find relation between designs and
perform task. The booklet comprises five sets (A
to E) of 12 items each (e.g., A1 through A12),
? A and B-6 piece designs
? B & c-8 pieces of design. All items are presented
in black ink on a white background
? Coloured Progressive Matrices-Designed for
children aged 5 through 11 years-of-age, the
elderly, and mentally and physically impaired
individual participants.
? Tests the intellectual capacity of young
children and people.
? Coloured progressive matrixes-assess a
persons capacity of level of observation and
clear thinking
? This is a language free test
? The scale has two sets A and b and ab set
Advanced Progressive Matrices
? ?Persons?who?are?above?11?years?and?those?
who?are?above?average?in?mental?ability.
? Time?limit
? The?first?set?has?12?problems,2
nd
?set?contains?
48?items,?presented?as?one?set?of?12?(set?I),?
and?another?of?36?(set?II).?
Difference between individual test and
group test
Basic difference Individual test Group test
Sample size Small sample Ultra large samples
Format Open ended Multi choice
Examiner's role Significant role, Minimal role
Time factors More time consuming Less time consuming
Physical & personality test
? Physical abilities use tasks or abilities that
require physical ability to perform
? Measure physical attributes and characteristics
? Personality Assessment test:
? Personality means how people affect othersand
how they understand and view themselves as
well as their pattern of inner and outer
measurable traits and person situation
interaction
? Not a single characteristic; multidimensional in
nature with many interacting elements
Personality?assessment?test
? A?personality? test?is? a? questionnaire? or? other?
standardized? instrument? designed? to? reveal?
aspects? of? an? individual's? character? or?
psychological? makeup.? The? first?personality?
tests?were? developed? in? the? 1920s? and? were?
intended? to? ease? the? process? of? personnel?
selection,?particularly?in?the?armed?forces.?
? the?combination?of?characteristics?or?qualities?
that?form?an?individual's?distinctive?character.
Measuring personality:
? Personality rating methods
? Personality inventories
? Situational tests
? Projective methods
Personality rating methods
? Rating is a term applied or judgment regarding
some situation, object or character. Opinion
are usually expresses on a scale of values.
Rating techniques are derive which such
judgements may be quantified.
Rating scales:
?is a selected list of words , phrases , sentences or para
following which an observer records value or rating based
upon objective scale of values
? A rating scale is an instrument i.e. A list of questions
that is set to enable the reviewer to indicate the, size
or intensity of the underlying characteristics of a
person.
? Description of the characteristics ?clarity-rate
? Items on each scale must b described in such a way-to
know what they mean
? Items should be described in terms of behaviour
? The description of the personality
characteristic must be clear and we defined
? The item on each scale end must be described
? It should be concrete behaviour
Types?of?rating?scale:?
- Graphic?scale?
- A?straight?line?is?drawn?and?divided?into?many?parts?.?
Each?part-number?of?adjectives?are?written.
- Evaluator?has?to?mark?any?of?these.
- Length?of?the?line-5?inches
- 3-5?adjectives?are?used
- Division?on?the?line?should?be?equidistant
- Graphic?Rating?Scale?is?a?type?of?performance?
appraisal?method.?In?this?method?traits?or?behaviours?
that?are?important?for?effective?performance?are?listed?
out?and?each?employee?is?rated?against?these?traits.?
The?rating?helps?employers?to?quantify?the?behaviours?
displayed?by?its?employees.
? Numerical scale:
Marks as associated with certain indicators.
Data that are counted or measured using a
numerically defined method are called
numerical (quantitative).
Three point, five point seven point scale
? Ranking?order:?Statistical?technique,?rank?are?mentioned?in?the?
descending?order.?
? A?Rank?Order?scale?gives?the?respondent?a?set?of?items?and?asks?
them?to?put?the?items?in?some?form?oforder.?The?measure?of?
'order'?can?include?such?as?preference,?importance,?liking,?
effectiveness?and?so?on.?The?order?is?often?a?simple?ordinal?
structure?(A?is?higher?than?B)
? Paired?comparison?scale???each?person?compared?with?other?in?the?
group?
? The?Paired?Comparison?Scaling?is?a?comparative?scaling?technique?
wherein?the?respondent?is?shown?two?objects?at?the?same?time?and?
is?asked?to?select?one?according?to?the?defined?criterion.?
Rank order
Paired comparision
Forced choice scale
Forced choiced scale
? Forced choice refers to a specific format for
response options in survey questionnaires. In
a forced choice format, respondents are not
given a specific option to reflect a
"nonresponse" type choice, such as "no
opinion," "don't know," "not sure," or "not
applicable." Respondents must select a
response choice that provides a specific
answer to the survey item.
Rating interview-
The interviewing process often includes the use
of rating scales that the interviewers (also called
?raters?) use to evaluate the quality of the
interview and lead to some kind of
recommendation of the candidate for the job in
question.
Assess personality characteristicsof a subject on
a standardised rating scale.
Discusses worker?s achievement
? Situational tests: real life conditioning are
simulate
? Candidate?s spontaneous reactions will be
recorded
? It is done in a group and based on them
? It include role play, case studies, group
discussion

Types of situational test:
Derived from latin word socius ?social; metrum-
measure by Jacob L Moreno
Sociometry : the study of relationships within a
group of people.
Assess the positive and negative links between
persons within a group.
Sociometry is a way of measuring relationships
between people. Sociometric tests can include
variety of procedures used within social groups to
measure social status, popularity, peer
acceptance or rejection and reputation
Sociometry
? Used to evaluate group structure
? Measure amount of organization shown by
social group-sociometric test
? Made in respect to work, home , school
groups
? Determines position of each individual in a
group in which he has to function
CONSTRUCTION OF A SOCIOGRAM
A E F G
H
D
B I J
c K M
D is a star ?chosen by most of the members
J and g are unpopular
D serves as a bridge
ABCD has all channel communication
? Diagrammatic representation of patterns
showing interpersonal relationship
? This indicates choices, preferences, likes,
dislikes,interaction between individual
members in a group
? Gives a visual picture of sociometric structure
of a group
Various kinds of interaction in Sociometry test
? Social networks- a specific set of linkages among
defined set of people cluster
? Prescribed clusters- formal group within network
? Emergent clusters ? cluster of people who
temporarily align together to attain certain
objective
? Cliques- relatively permanent informal group
involving friendship
? Liaisons - individual who connect two or more
cluster but are no members of any cluster
? Bridges : connection as a linking pins by
belonging to two or more clusters
Importance of sociometry:
? Help to measure and build relationship
? Provide rich data
? Helps in group development
? Enhance group and individual perceptive
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
? The?general?intelligence,? g,?influences?the?
performance?on?all?mental?tasks,?while?another?
component?influences?abilities?on?a?particular?
task.
[7]
? Raven's Progressive Matrices?(often?referred?to?simply?as?Raven's
Matrices)?or?RPM?is?a?nonverbal?group?test?typically?used?in?
educational?settings.
? ?It?is?usually?a?60-item?test?used?in?measuring?abstract?reasoning?and?
regarded?as?a?non-verbal?estimate?of?fluid?intelligence.
[
? 1]
?It?is?the?most?common?and?popular?test?administered?to?groups?
ranging?from?5-year-olds?to?the?elderly.
[2]
? ?It?is?made?of?60?multiple?choice?questions,?listed?in?order?of?
difficulty.
[2
? ]
?This?format?is?designed?to?measure?the?test?taker's?reasoning?ability,?
the?eductive?("meaning-making")?component?of?Spearman's? g?( g?is?
often?referred?to?as?general?intelligence).?
? The?tests?were?originally?developed?by?John?C.?Raven?in?1936.
[3]
?In?
each?test?item,?the?subject?is?asked?to?identify?the?missing?element?
that?completes?a?pattern.
? ?Many?patterns?are?presented?in?the?form?of?a?6?6,?4?4,?3?3,?or?
2?2?matrix,?giving?the?test?its?name.
? All of the questions on the Raven's progressives
consist of visual geometric design with a missing
piece. The test taker is given six to eight choices to
pick from and fill in the missing piece.
[4]
? An IQ test item in the style of a Raven's
Progressive Matrices test. Given eight patterns,
the subject must identify the missing ninth
pattern
The Matrices are available in three different forms
for participants of different ability:
? Standard Progressive Matrices-This was
developed to assess a person?s intellectual ability
at the time of testing him with design or patterns.
? Person has to find relation between designs and
perform task. The booklet comprises five sets (A
to E) of 12 items each (e.g., A1 through A12),
? A and B-6 piece designs
? B & c-8 pieces of design. All items are presented
in black ink on a white background
? Coloured Progressive Matrices-Designed for
children aged 5 through 11 years-of-age, the
elderly, and mentally and physically impaired
individual participants.
? Tests the intellectual capacity of young
children and people.
? Coloured progressive matrixes-assess a
persons capacity of level of observation and
clear thinking
? This is a language free test
? The scale has two sets A and b and ab set
Advanced Progressive Matrices
? ?Persons?who?are?above?11?years?and?those?
who?are?above?average?in?mental?ability.
? Time?limit
? The?first?set?has?12?problems,2
nd
?set?contains?
48?items,?presented?as?one?set?of?12?(set?I),?
and?another?of?36?(set?II).?
Difference between individual test and
group test
Basic difference Individual test Group test
Sample size Small sample Ultra large samples
Format Open ended Multi choice
Examiner's role Significant role, Minimal role
Time factors More time consuming Less time consuming
Physical & personality test
? Physical abilities use tasks or abilities that
require physical ability to perform
? Measure physical attributes and characteristics
? Personality Assessment test:
? Personality means how people affect othersand
how they understand and view themselves as
well as their pattern of inner and outer
measurable traits and person situation
interaction
? Not a single characteristic; multidimensional in
nature with many interacting elements
Personality?assessment?test
? A?personality? test?is? a? questionnaire? or? other?
standardized? instrument? designed? to? reveal?
aspects? of? an? individual's? character? or?
psychological? makeup.? The? first?personality?
tests?were? developed? in? the? 1920s? and? were?
intended? to? ease? the? process? of? personnel?
selection,?particularly?in?the?armed?forces.?
? the?combination?of?characteristics?or?qualities?
that?form?an?individual's?distinctive?character.
Measuring personality:
? Personality rating methods
? Personality inventories
? Situational tests
? Projective methods
Personality rating methods
? Rating is a term applied or judgment regarding
some situation, object or character. Opinion
are usually expresses on a scale of values.
Rating techniques are derive which such
judgements may be quantified.
Rating scales:
?is a selected list of words , phrases , sentences or para
following which an observer records value or rating based
upon objective scale of values
? A rating scale is an instrument i.e. A list of questions
that is set to enable the reviewer to indicate the, size
or intensity of the underlying characteristics of a
person.
? Description of the characteristics ?clarity-rate
? Items on each scale must b described in such a way-to
know what they mean
? Items should be described in terms of behaviour
? The description of the personality
characteristic must be clear and we defined
? The item on each scale end must be described
? It should be concrete behaviour
Types?of?rating?scale:?
- Graphic?scale?
- A?straight?line?is?drawn?and?divided?into?many?parts?.?
Each?part-number?of?adjectives?are?written.
- Evaluator?has?to?mark?any?of?these.
- Length?of?the?line-5?inches
- 3-5?adjectives?are?used
- Division?on?the?line?should?be?equidistant
- Graphic?Rating?Scale?is?a?type?of?performance?
appraisal?method.?In?this?method?traits?or?behaviours?
that?are?important?for?effective?performance?are?listed?
out?and?each?employee?is?rated?against?these?traits.?
The?rating?helps?employers?to?quantify?the?behaviours?
displayed?by?its?employees.
? Numerical scale:
Marks as associated with certain indicators.
Data that are counted or measured using a
numerically defined method are called
numerical (quantitative).
Three point, five point seven point scale
? Ranking?order:?Statistical?technique,?rank?are?mentioned?in?the?
descending?order.?
? A?Rank?Order?scale?gives?the?respondent?a?set?of?items?and?asks?
them?to?put?the?items?in?some?form?oforder.?The?measure?of?
'order'?can?include?such?as?preference,?importance,?liking,?
effectiveness?and?so?on.?The?order?is?often?a?simple?ordinal?
structure?(A?is?higher?than?B)
? Paired?comparison?scale???each?person?compared?with?other?in?the?
group?
? The?Paired?Comparison?Scaling?is?a?comparative?scaling?technique?
wherein?the?respondent?is?shown?two?objects?at?the?same?time?and?
is?asked?to?select?one?according?to?the?defined?criterion.?
Rank order
Paired comparision
Forced choice scale
Forced choiced scale
? Forced choice refers to a specific format for
response options in survey questionnaires. In
a forced choice format, respondents are not
given a specific option to reflect a
"nonresponse" type choice, such as "no
opinion," "don't know," "not sure," or "not
applicable." Respondents must select a
response choice that provides a specific
answer to the survey item.
Rating interview-
The interviewing process often includes the use
of rating scales that the interviewers (also called
?raters?) use to evaluate the quality of the
interview and lead to some kind of
recommendation of the candidate for the job in
question.
Assess personality characteristicsof a subject on
a standardised rating scale.
Discusses worker?s achievement
? Situational tests: real life conditioning are
simulate
? Candidate?s spontaneous reactions will be
recorded
? It is done in a group and based on them
? It include role play, case studies, group
discussion

Types of situational test:
Derived from latin word socius ?social; metrum-
measure by Jacob L Moreno
Sociometry : the study of relationships within a
group of people.
Assess the positive and negative links between
persons within a group.
Sociometry is a way of measuring relationships
between people. Sociometric tests can include
variety of procedures used within social groups to
measure social status, popularity, peer
acceptance or rejection and reputation
Sociometry
? Used to evaluate group structure
? Measure amount of organization shown by
social group-sociometric test
? Made in respect to work, home , school
groups
? Determines position of each individual in a
group in which he has to function
CONSTRUCTION OF A SOCIOGRAM
A E F G
H
D
B I J
c K M
D is a star ?chosen by most of the members
J and g are unpopular
D serves as a bridge
ABCD has all channel communication
? Diagrammatic representation of patterns
showing interpersonal relationship
? This indicates choices, preferences, likes,
dislikes,interaction between individual
members in a group
? Gives a visual picture of sociometric structure
of a group
Various kinds of interaction in Sociometry test
? Social networks- a specific set of linkages among
defined set of people cluster
? Prescribed clusters- formal group within network
? Emergent clusters ? cluster of people who
temporarily align together to attain certain
objective
? Cliques- relatively permanent informal group
involving friendship
? Liaisons - individual who connect two or more
cluster but are no members of any cluster
? Bridges : connection as a linking pins by
belonging to two or more clusters
Importance of sociometry:
? Help to measure and build relationship
? Provide rich data
? Helps in group development
? Enhance group and individual perceptive
Psychodrama
?A body of philosophical, therapeutic,
educational, action based techniques-J.L
Moreno
- Action techniques in which individuals use
enactment to explore material that is
identified specific and personal to them.
Psychodrama is an action method, often used as
a psychotherapy, in which clients use
spontaneous dramatization, role playing, and
dramatic self-presentation to investigate and
gain insight into their lives.
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
? The?general?intelligence,? g,?influences?the?
performance?on?all?mental?tasks,?while?another?
component?influences?abilities?on?a?particular?
task.
[7]
? Raven's Progressive Matrices?(often?referred?to?simply?as?Raven's
Matrices)?or?RPM?is?a?nonverbal?group?test?typically?used?in?
educational?settings.
? ?It?is?usually?a?60-item?test?used?in?measuring?abstract?reasoning?and?
regarded?as?a?non-verbal?estimate?of?fluid?intelligence.
[
? 1]
?It?is?the?most?common?and?popular?test?administered?to?groups?
ranging?from?5-year-olds?to?the?elderly.
[2]
? ?It?is?made?of?60?multiple?choice?questions,?listed?in?order?of?
difficulty.
[2
? ]
?This?format?is?designed?to?measure?the?test?taker's?reasoning?ability,?
the?eductive?("meaning-making")?component?of?Spearman's? g?( g?is?
often?referred?to?as?general?intelligence).?
? The?tests?were?originally?developed?by?John?C.?Raven?in?1936.
[3]
?In?
each?test?item,?the?subject?is?asked?to?identify?the?missing?element?
that?completes?a?pattern.
? ?Many?patterns?are?presented?in?the?form?of?a?6?6,?4?4,?3?3,?or?
2?2?matrix,?giving?the?test?its?name.
? All of the questions on the Raven's progressives
consist of visual geometric design with a missing
piece. The test taker is given six to eight choices to
pick from and fill in the missing piece.
[4]
? An IQ test item in the style of a Raven's
Progressive Matrices test. Given eight patterns,
the subject must identify the missing ninth
pattern
The Matrices are available in three different forms
for participants of different ability:
? Standard Progressive Matrices-This was
developed to assess a person?s intellectual ability
at the time of testing him with design or patterns.
? Person has to find relation between designs and
perform task. The booklet comprises five sets (A
to E) of 12 items each (e.g., A1 through A12),
? A and B-6 piece designs
? B & c-8 pieces of design. All items are presented
in black ink on a white background
? Coloured Progressive Matrices-Designed for
children aged 5 through 11 years-of-age, the
elderly, and mentally and physically impaired
individual participants.
? Tests the intellectual capacity of young
children and people.
? Coloured progressive matrixes-assess a
persons capacity of level of observation and
clear thinking
? This is a language free test
? The scale has two sets A and b and ab set
Advanced Progressive Matrices
? ?Persons?who?are?above?11?years?and?those?
who?are?above?average?in?mental?ability.
? Time?limit
? The?first?set?has?12?problems,2
nd
?set?contains?
48?items,?presented?as?one?set?of?12?(set?I),?
and?another?of?36?(set?II).?
Difference between individual test and
group test
Basic difference Individual test Group test
Sample size Small sample Ultra large samples
Format Open ended Multi choice
Examiner's role Significant role, Minimal role
Time factors More time consuming Less time consuming
Physical & personality test
? Physical abilities use tasks or abilities that
require physical ability to perform
? Measure physical attributes and characteristics
? Personality Assessment test:
? Personality means how people affect othersand
how they understand and view themselves as
well as their pattern of inner and outer
measurable traits and person situation
interaction
? Not a single characteristic; multidimensional in
nature with many interacting elements
Personality?assessment?test
? A?personality? test?is? a? questionnaire? or? other?
standardized? instrument? designed? to? reveal?
aspects? of? an? individual's? character? or?
psychological? makeup.? The? first?personality?
tests?were? developed? in? the? 1920s? and? were?
intended? to? ease? the? process? of? personnel?
selection,?particularly?in?the?armed?forces.?
? the?combination?of?characteristics?or?qualities?
that?form?an?individual's?distinctive?character.
Measuring personality:
? Personality rating methods
? Personality inventories
? Situational tests
? Projective methods
Personality rating methods
? Rating is a term applied or judgment regarding
some situation, object or character. Opinion
are usually expresses on a scale of values.
Rating techniques are derive which such
judgements may be quantified.
Rating scales:
?is a selected list of words , phrases , sentences or para
following which an observer records value or rating based
upon objective scale of values
? A rating scale is an instrument i.e. A list of questions
that is set to enable the reviewer to indicate the, size
or intensity of the underlying characteristics of a
person.
? Description of the characteristics ?clarity-rate
? Items on each scale must b described in such a way-to
know what they mean
? Items should be described in terms of behaviour
? The description of the personality
characteristic must be clear and we defined
? The item on each scale end must be described
? It should be concrete behaviour
Types?of?rating?scale:?
- Graphic?scale?
- A?straight?line?is?drawn?and?divided?into?many?parts?.?
Each?part-number?of?adjectives?are?written.
- Evaluator?has?to?mark?any?of?these.
- Length?of?the?line-5?inches
- 3-5?adjectives?are?used
- Division?on?the?line?should?be?equidistant
- Graphic?Rating?Scale?is?a?type?of?performance?
appraisal?method.?In?this?method?traits?or?behaviours?
that?are?important?for?effective?performance?are?listed?
out?and?each?employee?is?rated?against?these?traits.?
The?rating?helps?employers?to?quantify?the?behaviours?
displayed?by?its?employees.
? Numerical scale:
Marks as associated with certain indicators.
Data that are counted or measured using a
numerically defined method are called
numerical (quantitative).
Three point, five point seven point scale
? Ranking?order:?Statistical?technique,?rank?are?mentioned?in?the?
descending?order.?
? A?Rank?Order?scale?gives?the?respondent?a?set?of?items?and?asks?
them?to?put?the?items?in?some?form?oforder.?The?measure?of?
'order'?can?include?such?as?preference,?importance,?liking,?
effectiveness?and?so?on.?The?order?is?often?a?simple?ordinal?
structure?(A?is?higher?than?B)
? Paired?comparison?scale???each?person?compared?with?other?in?the?
group?
? The?Paired?Comparison?Scaling?is?a?comparative?scaling?technique?
wherein?the?respondent?is?shown?two?objects?at?the?same?time?and?
is?asked?to?select?one?according?to?the?defined?criterion.?
Rank order
Paired comparision
Forced choice scale
Forced choiced scale
? Forced choice refers to a specific format for
response options in survey questionnaires. In
a forced choice format, respondents are not
given a specific option to reflect a
"nonresponse" type choice, such as "no
opinion," "don't know," "not sure," or "not
applicable." Respondents must select a
response choice that provides a specific
answer to the survey item.
Rating interview-
The interviewing process often includes the use
of rating scales that the interviewers (also called
?raters?) use to evaluate the quality of the
interview and lead to some kind of
recommendation of the candidate for the job in
question.
Assess personality characteristicsof a subject on
a standardised rating scale.
Discusses worker?s achievement
? Situational tests: real life conditioning are
simulate
? Candidate?s spontaneous reactions will be
recorded
? It is done in a group and based on them
? It include role play, case studies, group
discussion

Types of situational test:
Derived from latin word socius ?social; metrum-
measure by Jacob L Moreno
Sociometry : the study of relationships within a
group of people.
Assess the positive and negative links between
persons within a group.
Sociometry is a way of measuring relationships
between people. Sociometric tests can include
variety of procedures used within social groups to
measure social status, popularity, peer
acceptance or rejection and reputation
Sociometry
? Used to evaluate group structure
? Measure amount of organization shown by
social group-sociometric test
? Made in respect to work, home , school
groups
? Determines position of each individual in a
group in which he has to function
CONSTRUCTION OF A SOCIOGRAM
A E F G
H
D
B I J
c K M
D is a star ?chosen by most of the members
J and g are unpopular
D serves as a bridge
ABCD has all channel communication
? Diagrammatic representation of patterns
showing interpersonal relationship
? This indicates choices, preferences, likes,
dislikes,interaction between individual
members in a group
? Gives a visual picture of sociometric structure
of a group
Various kinds of interaction in Sociometry test
? Social networks- a specific set of linkages among
defined set of people cluster
? Prescribed clusters- formal group within network
? Emergent clusters ? cluster of people who
temporarily align together to attain certain
objective
? Cliques- relatively permanent informal group
involving friendship
? Liaisons - individual who connect two or more
cluster but are no members of any cluster
? Bridges : connection as a linking pins by
belonging to two or more clusters
Importance of sociometry:
? Help to measure and build relationship
? Provide rich data
? Helps in group development
? Enhance group and individual perceptive
Psychodrama
?A body of philosophical, therapeutic,
educational, action based techniques-J.L
Moreno
- Action techniques in which individuals use
enactment to explore material that is
identified specific and personal to them.
Psychodrama is an action method, often used as
a psychotherapy, in which clients use
spontaneous dramatization, role playing, and
dramatic self-presentation to investigate and
gain insight into their lives.
Elements:
Stage- concrete situation within which protagonist story
can be brought to life
? Protagonist- is a person whose story is being enacted or
told. .
? the leading character or one of the major characters in a
play, film, novel, etc.
Director ? professional therapist who leads action and
planning.
He takes decisions involving what material
Auxiliary ego-is the position taken by other participants in a
role-playing exercise, or psychodrama, in order to simulate
particular situations for the protagonists.
role they take and what experience they bring to it.
Audience
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
? The?general?intelligence,? g,?influences?the?
performance?on?all?mental?tasks,?while?another?
component?influences?abilities?on?a?particular?
task.
[7]
? Raven's Progressive Matrices?(often?referred?to?simply?as?Raven's
Matrices)?or?RPM?is?a?nonverbal?group?test?typically?used?in?
educational?settings.
? ?It?is?usually?a?60-item?test?used?in?measuring?abstract?reasoning?and?
regarded?as?a?non-verbal?estimate?of?fluid?intelligence.
[
? 1]
?It?is?the?most?common?and?popular?test?administered?to?groups?
ranging?from?5-year-olds?to?the?elderly.
[2]
? ?It?is?made?of?60?multiple?choice?questions,?listed?in?order?of?
difficulty.
[2
? ]
?This?format?is?designed?to?measure?the?test?taker's?reasoning?ability,?
the?eductive?("meaning-making")?component?of?Spearman's? g?( g?is?
often?referred?to?as?general?intelligence).?
? The?tests?were?originally?developed?by?John?C.?Raven?in?1936.
[3]
?In?
each?test?item,?the?subject?is?asked?to?identify?the?missing?element?
that?completes?a?pattern.
? ?Many?patterns?are?presented?in?the?form?of?a?6?6,?4?4,?3?3,?or?
2?2?matrix,?giving?the?test?its?name.
? All of the questions on the Raven's progressives
consist of visual geometric design with a missing
piece. The test taker is given six to eight choices to
pick from and fill in the missing piece.
[4]
? An IQ test item in the style of a Raven's
Progressive Matrices test. Given eight patterns,
the subject must identify the missing ninth
pattern
The Matrices are available in three different forms
for participants of different ability:
? Standard Progressive Matrices-This was
developed to assess a person?s intellectual ability
at the time of testing him with design or patterns.
? Person has to find relation between designs and
perform task. The booklet comprises five sets (A
to E) of 12 items each (e.g., A1 through A12),
? A and B-6 piece designs
? B & c-8 pieces of design. All items are presented
in black ink on a white background
? Coloured Progressive Matrices-Designed for
children aged 5 through 11 years-of-age, the
elderly, and mentally and physically impaired
individual participants.
? Tests the intellectual capacity of young
children and people.
? Coloured progressive matrixes-assess a
persons capacity of level of observation and
clear thinking
? This is a language free test
? The scale has two sets A and b and ab set
Advanced Progressive Matrices
? ?Persons?who?are?above?11?years?and?those?
who?are?above?average?in?mental?ability.
? Time?limit
? The?first?set?has?12?problems,2
nd
?set?contains?
48?items,?presented?as?one?set?of?12?(set?I),?
and?another?of?36?(set?II).?
Difference between individual test and
group test
Basic difference Individual test Group test
Sample size Small sample Ultra large samples
Format Open ended Multi choice
Examiner's role Significant role, Minimal role
Time factors More time consuming Less time consuming
Physical & personality test
? Physical abilities use tasks or abilities that
require physical ability to perform
? Measure physical attributes and characteristics
? Personality Assessment test:
? Personality means how people affect othersand
how they understand and view themselves as
well as their pattern of inner and outer
measurable traits and person situation
interaction
? Not a single characteristic; multidimensional in
nature with many interacting elements
Personality?assessment?test
? A?personality? test?is? a? questionnaire? or? other?
standardized? instrument? designed? to? reveal?
aspects? of? an? individual's? character? or?
psychological? makeup.? The? first?personality?
tests?were? developed? in? the? 1920s? and? were?
intended? to? ease? the? process? of? personnel?
selection,?particularly?in?the?armed?forces.?
? the?combination?of?characteristics?or?qualities?
that?form?an?individual's?distinctive?character.
Measuring personality:
? Personality rating methods
? Personality inventories
? Situational tests
? Projective methods
Personality rating methods
? Rating is a term applied or judgment regarding
some situation, object or character. Opinion
are usually expresses on a scale of values.
Rating techniques are derive which such
judgements may be quantified.
Rating scales:
?is a selected list of words , phrases , sentences or para
following which an observer records value or rating based
upon objective scale of values
? A rating scale is an instrument i.e. A list of questions
that is set to enable the reviewer to indicate the, size
or intensity of the underlying characteristics of a
person.
? Description of the characteristics ?clarity-rate
? Items on each scale must b described in such a way-to
know what they mean
? Items should be described in terms of behaviour
? The description of the personality
characteristic must be clear and we defined
? The item on each scale end must be described
? It should be concrete behaviour
Types?of?rating?scale:?
- Graphic?scale?
- A?straight?line?is?drawn?and?divided?into?many?parts?.?
Each?part-number?of?adjectives?are?written.
- Evaluator?has?to?mark?any?of?these.
- Length?of?the?line-5?inches
- 3-5?adjectives?are?used
- Division?on?the?line?should?be?equidistant
- Graphic?Rating?Scale?is?a?type?of?performance?
appraisal?method.?In?this?method?traits?or?behaviours?
that?are?important?for?effective?performance?are?listed?
out?and?each?employee?is?rated?against?these?traits.?
The?rating?helps?employers?to?quantify?the?behaviours?
displayed?by?its?employees.
? Numerical scale:
Marks as associated with certain indicators.
Data that are counted or measured using a
numerically defined method are called
numerical (quantitative).
Three point, five point seven point scale
? Ranking?order:?Statistical?technique,?rank?are?mentioned?in?the?
descending?order.?
? A?Rank?Order?scale?gives?the?respondent?a?set?of?items?and?asks?
them?to?put?the?items?in?some?form?oforder.?The?measure?of?
'order'?can?include?such?as?preference,?importance,?liking,?
effectiveness?and?so?on.?The?order?is?often?a?simple?ordinal?
structure?(A?is?higher?than?B)
? Paired?comparison?scale???each?person?compared?with?other?in?the?
group?
? The?Paired?Comparison?Scaling?is?a?comparative?scaling?technique?
wherein?the?respondent?is?shown?two?objects?at?the?same?time?and?
is?asked?to?select?one?according?to?the?defined?criterion.?
Rank order
Paired comparision
Forced choice scale
Forced choiced scale
? Forced choice refers to a specific format for
response options in survey questionnaires. In
a forced choice format, respondents are not
given a specific option to reflect a
"nonresponse" type choice, such as "no
opinion," "don't know," "not sure," or "not
applicable." Respondents must select a
response choice that provides a specific
answer to the survey item.
Rating interview-
The interviewing process often includes the use
of rating scales that the interviewers (also called
?raters?) use to evaluate the quality of the
interview and lead to some kind of
recommendation of the candidate for the job in
question.
Assess personality characteristicsof a subject on
a standardised rating scale.
Discusses worker?s achievement
? Situational tests: real life conditioning are
simulate
? Candidate?s spontaneous reactions will be
recorded
? It is done in a group and based on them
? It include role play, case studies, group
discussion

Types of situational test:
Derived from latin word socius ?social; metrum-
measure by Jacob L Moreno
Sociometry : the study of relationships within a
group of people.
Assess the positive and negative links between
persons within a group.
Sociometry is a way of measuring relationships
between people. Sociometric tests can include
variety of procedures used within social groups to
measure social status, popularity, peer
acceptance or rejection and reputation
Sociometry
? Used to evaluate group structure
? Measure amount of organization shown by
social group-sociometric test
? Made in respect to work, home , school
groups
? Determines position of each individual in a
group in which he has to function
CONSTRUCTION OF A SOCIOGRAM
A E F G
H
D
B I J
c K M
D is a star ?chosen by most of the members
J and g are unpopular
D serves as a bridge
ABCD has all channel communication
? Diagrammatic representation of patterns
showing interpersonal relationship
? This indicates choices, preferences, likes,
dislikes,interaction between individual
members in a group
? Gives a visual picture of sociometric structure
of a group
Various kinds of interaction in Sociometry test
? Social networks- a specific set of linkages among
defined set of people cluster
? Prescribed clusters- formal group within network
? Emergent clusters ? cluster of people who
temporarily align together to attain certain
objective
? Cliques- relatively permanent informal group
involving friendship
? Liaisons - individual who connect two or more
cluster but are no members of any cluster
? Bridges : connection as a linking pins by
belonging to two or more clusters
Importance of sociometry:
? Help to measure and build relationship
? Provide rich data
? Helps in group development
? Enhance group and individual perceptive
Psychodrama
?A body of philosophical, therapeutic,
educational, action based techniques-J.L
Moreno
- Action techniques in which individuals use
enactment to explore material that is
identified specific and personal to them.
Psychodrama is an action method, often used as
a psychotherapy, in which clients use
spontaneous dramatization, role playing, and
dramatic self-presentation to investigate and
gain insight into their lives.
Elements:
Stage- concrete situation within which protagonist story
can be brought to life
? Protagonist- is a person whose story is being enacted or
told. .
? the leading character or one of the major characters in a
play, film, novel, etc.
Director ? professional therapist who leads action and
planning.
He takes decisions involving what material
Auxiliary ego-is the position taken by other participants in a
role-playing exercise, or psychodrama, in order to simulate
particular situations for the protagonists.
role they take and what experience they bring to it.
Audience
Socio drama:
Variant of psychodrama
? A sociodrama is a dramatic play in which
several individuals spontaneously enact social
situations to understand situations more fully.
? Assign roles for the purpose of studying and
remedying problems in group or collective
relationships.
Enact various solutions to social problems.
? After each sociodrama, they have to debrief
an enactment and note what was learned.
? Brainstorm, problem solving and closure
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
? The?general?intelligence,? g,?influences?the?
performance?on?all?mental?tasks,?while?another?
component?influences?abilities?on?a?particular?
task.
[7]
? Raven's Progressive Matrices?(often?referred?to?simply?as?Raven's
Matrices)?or?RPM?is?a?nonverbal?group?test?typically?used?in?
educational?settings.
? ?It?is?usually?a?60-item?test?used?in?measuring?abstract?reasoning?and?
regarded?as?a?non-verbal?estimate?of?fluid?intelligence.
[
? 1]
?It?is?the?most?common?and?popular?test?administered?to?groups?
ranging?from?5-year-olds?to?the?elderly.
[2]
? ?It?is?made?of?60?multiple?choice?questions,?listed?in?order?of?
difficulty.
[2
? ]
?This?format?is?designed?to?measure?the?test?taker's?reasoning?ability,?
the?eductive?("meaning-making")?component?of?Spearman's? g?( g?is?
often?referred?to?as?general?intelligence).?
? The?tests?were?originally?developed?by?John?C.?Raven?in?1936.
[3]
?In?
each?test?item,?the?subject?is?asked?to?identify?the?missing?element?
that?completes?a?pattern.
? ?Many?patterns?are?presented?in?the?form?of?a?6?6,?4?4,?3?3,?or?
2?2?matrix,?giving?the?test?its?name.
? All of the questions on the Raven's progressives
consist of visual geometric design with a missing
piece. The test taker is given six to eight choices to
pick from and fill in the missing piece.
[4]
? An IQ test item in the style of a Raven's
Progressive Matrices test. Given eight patterns,
the subject must identify the missing ninth
pattern
The Matrices are available in three different forms
for participants of different ability:
? Standard Progressive Matrices-This was
developed to assess a person?s intellectual ability
at the time of testing him with design or patterns.
? Person has to find relation between designs and
perform task. The booklet comprises five sets (A
to E) of 12 items each (e.g., A1 through A12),
? A and B-6 piece designs
? B & c-8 pieces of design. All items are presented
in black ink on a white background
? Coloured Progressive Matrices-Designed for
children aged 5 through 11 years-of-age, the
elderly, and mentally and physically impaired
individual participants.
? Tests the intellectual capacity of young
children and people.
? Coloured progressive matrixes-assess a
persons capacity of level of observation and
clear thinking
? This is a language free test
? The scale has two sets A and b and ab set
Advanced Progressive Matrices
? ?Persons?who?are?above?11?years?and?those?
who?are?above?average?in?mental?ability.
? Time?limit
? The?first?set?has?12?problems,2
nd
?set?contains?
48?items,?presented?as?one?set?of?12?(set?I),?
and?another?of?36?(set?II).?
Difference between individual test and
group test
Basic difference Individual test Group test
Sample size Small sample Ultra large samples
Format Open ended Multi choice
Examiner's role Significant role, Minimal role
Time factors More time consuming Less time consuming
Physical & personality test
? Physical abilities use tasks or abilities that
require physical ability to perform
? Measure physical attributes and characteristics
? Personality Assessment test:
? Personality means how people affect othersand
how they understand and view themselves as
well as their pattern of inner and outer
measurable traits and person situation
interaction
? Not a single characteristic; multidimensional in
nature with many interacting elements
Personality?assessment?test
? A?personality? test?is? a? questionnaire? or? other?
standardized? instrument? designed? to? reveal?
aspects? of? an? individual's? character? or?
psychological? makeup.? The? first?personality?
tests?were? developed? in? the? 1920s? and? were?
intended? to? ease? the? process? of? personnel?
selection,?particularly?in?the?armed?forces.?
? the?combination?of?characteristics?or?qualities?
that?form?an?individual's?distinctive?character.
Measuring personality:
? Personality rating methods
? Personality inventories
? Situational tests
? Projective methods
Personality rating methods
? Rating is a term applied or judgment regarding
some situation, object or character. Opinion
are usually expresses on a scale of values.
Rating techniques are derive which such
judgements may be quantified.
Rating scales:
?is a selected list of words , phrases , sentences or para
following which an observer records value or rating based
upon objective scale of values
? A rating scale is an instrument i.e. A list of questions
that is set to enable the reviewer to indicate the, size
or intensity of the underlying characteristics of a
person.
? Description of the characteristics ?clarity-rate
? Items on each scale must b described in such a way-to
know what they mean
? Items should be described in terms of behaviour
? The description of the personality
characteristic must be clear and we defined
? The item on each scale end must be described
? It should be concrete behaviour
Types?of?rating?scale:?
- Graphic?scale?
- A?straight?line?is?drawn?and?divided?into?many?parts?.?
Each?part-number?of?adjectives?are?written.
- Evaluator?has?to?mark?any?of?these.
- Length?of?the?line-5?inches
- 3-5?adjectives?are?used
- Division?on?the?line?should?be?equidistant
- Graphic?Rating?Scale?is?a?type?of?performance?
appraisal?method.?In?this?method?traits?or?behaviours?
that?are?important?for?effective?performance?are?listed?
out?and?each?employee?is?rated?against?these?traits.?
The?rating?helps?employers?to?quantify?the?behaviours?
displayed?by?its?employees.
? Numerical scale:
Marks as associated with certain indicators.
Data that are counted or measured using a
numerically defined method are called
numerical (quantitative).
Three point, five point seven point scale
? Ranking?order:?Statistical?technique,?rank?are?mentioned?in?the?
descending?order.?
? A?Rank?Order?scale?gives?the?respondent?a?set?of?items?and?asks?
them?to?put?the?items?in?some?form?oforder.?The?measure?of?
'order'?can?include?such?as?preference,?importance,?liking,?
effectiveness?and?so?on.?The?order?is?often?a?simple?ordinal?
structure?(A?is?higher?than?B)
? Paired?comparison?scale???each?person?compared?with?other?in?the?
group?
? The?Paired?Comparison?Scaling?is?a?comparative?scaling?technique?
wherein?the?respondent?is?shown?two?objects?at?the?same?time?and?
is?asked?to?select?one?according?to?the?defined?criterion.?
Rank order
Paired comparision
Forced choice scale
Forced choiced scale
? Forced choice refers to a specific format for
response options in survey questionnaires. In
a forced choice format, respondents are not
given a specific option to reflect a
"nonresponse" type choice, such as "no
opinion," "don't know," "not sure," or "not
applicable." Respondents must select a
response choice that provides a specific
answer to the survey item.
Rating interview-
The interviewing process often includes the use
of rating scales that the interviewers (also called
?raters?) use to evaluate the quality of the
interview and lead to some kind of
recommendation of the candidate for the job in
question.
Assess personality characteristicsof a subject on
a standardised rating scale.
Discusses worker?s achievement
? Situational tests: real life conditioning are
simulate
? Candidate?s spontaneous reactions will be
recorded
? It is done in a group and based on them
? It include role play, case studies, group
discussion

Types of situational test:
Derived from latin word socius ?social; metrum-
measure by Jacob L Moreno
Sociometry : the study of relationships within a
group of people.
Assess the positive and negative links between
persons within a group.
Sociometry is a way of measuring relationships
between people. Sociometric tests can include
variety of procedures used within social groups to
measure social status, popularity, peer
acceptance or rejection and reputation
Sociometry
? Used to evaluate group structure
? Measure amount of organization shown by
social group-sociometric test
? Made in respect to work, home , school
groups
? Determines position of each individual in a
group in which he has to function
CONSTRUCTION OF A SOCIOGRAM
A E F G
H
D
B I J
c K M
D is a star ?chosen by most of the members
J and g are unpopular
D serves as a bridge
ABCD has all channel communication
? Diagrammatic representation of patterns
showing interpersonal relationship
? This indicates choices, preferences, likes,
dislikes,interaction between individual
members in a group
? Gives a visual picture of sociometric structure
of a group
Various kinds of interaction in Sociometry test
? Social networks- a specific set of linkages among
defined set of people cluster
? Prescribed clusters- formal group within network
? Emergent clusters ? cluster of people who
temporarily align together to attain certain
objective
? Cliques- relatively permanent informal group
involving friendship
? Liaisons - individual who connect two or more
cluster but are no members of any cluster
? Bridges : connection as a linking pins by
belonging to two or more clusters
Importance of sociometry:
? Help to measure and build relationship
? Provide rich data
? Helps in group development
? Enhance group and individual perceptive
Psychodrama
?A body of philosophical, therapeutic,
educational, action based techniques-J.L
Moreno
- Action techniques in which individuals use
enactment to explore material that is
identified specific and personal to them.
Psychodrama is an action method, often used as
a psychotherapy, in which clients use
spontaneous dramatization, role playing, and
dramatic self-presentation to investigate and
gain insight into their lives.
Elements:
Stage- concrete situation within which protagonist story
can be brought to life
? Protagonist- is a person whose story is being enacted or
told. .
? the leading character or one of the major characters in a
play, film, novel, etc.
Director ? professional therapist who leads action and
planning.
He takes decisions involving what material
Auxiliary ego-is the position taken by other participants in a
role-playing exercise, or psychodrama, in order to simulate
particular situations for the protagonists.
role they take and what experience they bring to it.
Audience
Socio drama:
Variant of psychodrama
? A sociodrama is a dramatic play in which
several individuals spontaneously enact social
situations to understand situations more fully.
? Assign roles for the purpose of studying and
remedying problems in group or collective
relationships.
Enact various solutions to social problems.
? After each sociodrama, they have to debrief
an enactment and note what was learned.
? Brainstorm, problem solving and closure
Difference between Socio and
Psychodrama
PSYCHODRAMA SOCIOMETRY
EXPLORE INNER WORLD OF THE PERSON SOCIAL WORLD
INTRAPERSONAL INTERPERSONAL
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
? The?general?intelligence,? g,?influences?the?
performance?on?all?mental?tasks,?while?another?
component?influences?abilities?on?a?particular?
task.
[7]
? Raven's Progressive Matrices?(often?referred?to?simply?as?Raven's
Matrices)?or?RPM?is?a?nonverbal?group?test?typically?used?in?
educational?settings.
? ?It?is?usually?a?60-item?test?used?in?measuring?abstract?reasoning?and?
regarded?as?a?non-verbal?estimate?of?fluid?intelligence.
[
? 1]
?It?is?the?most?common?and?popular?test?administered?to?groups?
ranging?from?5-year-olds?to?the?elderly.
[2]
? ?It?is?made?of?60?multiple?choice?questions,?listed?in?order?of?
difficulty.
[2
? ]
?This?format?is?designed?to?measure?the?test?taker's?reasoning?ability,?
the?eductive?("meaning-making")?component?of?Spearman's? g?( g?is?
often?referred?to?as?general?intelligence).?
? The?tests?were?originally?developed?by?John?C.?Raven?in?1936.
[3]
?In?
each?test?item,?the?subject?is?asked?to?identify?the?missing?element?
that?completes?a?pattern.
? ?Many?patterns?are?presented?in?the?form?of?a?6?6,?4?4,?3?3,?or?
2?2?matrix,?giving?the?test?its?name.
? All of the questions on the Raven's progressives
consist of visual geometric design with a missing
piece. The test taker is given six to eight choices to
pick from and fill in the missing piece.
[4]
? An IQ test item in the style of a Raven's
Progressive Matrices test. Given eight patterns,
the subject must identify the missing ninth
pattern
The Matrices are available in three different forms
for participants of different ability:
? Standard Progressive Matrices-This was
developed to assess a person?s intellectual ability
at the time of testing him with design or patterns.
? Person has to find relation between designs and
perform task. The booklet comprises five sets (A
to E) of 12 items each (e.g., A1 through A12),
? A and B-6 piece designs
? B & c-8 pieces of design. All items are presented
in black ink on a white background
? Coloured Progressive Matrices-Designed for
children aged 5 through 11 years-of-age, the
elderly, and mentally and physically impaired
individual participants.
? Tests the intellectual capacity of young
children and people.
? Coloured progressive matrixes-assess a
persons capacity of level of observation and
clear thinking
? This is a language free test
? The scale has two sets A and b and ab set
Advanced Progressive Matrices
? ?Persons?who?are?above?11?years?and?those?
who?are?above?average?in?mental?ability.
? Time?limit
? The?first?set?has?12?problems,2
nd
?set?contains?
48?items,?presented?as?one?set?of?12?(set?I),?
and?another?of?36?(set?II).?
Difference between individual test and
group test
Basic difference Individual test Group test
Sample size Small sample Ultra large samples
Format Open ended Multi choice
Examiner's role Significant role, Minimal role
Time factors More time consuming Less time consuming
Physical & personality test
? Physical abilities use tasks or abilities that
require physical ability to perform
? Measure physical attributes and characteristics
? Personality Assessment test:
? Personality means how people affect othersand
how they understand and view themselves as
well as their pattern of inner and outer
measurable traits and person situation
interaction
? Not a single characteristic; multidimensional in
nature with many interacting elements
Personality?assessment?test
? A?personality? test?is? a? questionnaire? or? other?
standardized? instrument? designed? to? reveal?
aspects? of? an? individual's? character? or?
psychological? makeup.? The? first?personality?
tests?were? developed? in? the? 1920s? and? were?
intended? to? ease? the? process? of? personnel?
selection,?particularly?in?the?armed?forces.?
? the?combination?of?characteristics?or?qualities?
that?form?an?individual's?distinctive?character.
Measuring personality:
? Personality rating methods
? Personality inventories
? Situational tests
? Projective methods
Personality rating methods
? Rating is a term applied or judgment regarding
some situation, object or character. Opinion
are usually expresses on a scale of values.
Rating techniques are derive which such
judgements may be quantified.
Rating scales:
?is a selected list of words , phrases , sentences or para
following which an observer records value or rating based
upon objective scale of values
? A rating scale is an instrument i.e. A list of questions
that is set to enable the reviewer to indicate the, size
or intensity of the underlying characteristics of a
person.
? Description of the characteristics ?clarity-rate
? Items on each scale must b described in such a way-to
know what they mean
? Items should be described in terms of behaviour
? The description of the personality
characteristic must be clear and we defined
? The item on each scale end must be described
? It should be concrete behaviour
Types?of?rating?scale:?
- Graphic?scale?
- A?straight?line?is?drawn?and?divided?into?many?parts?.?
Each?part-number?of?adjectives?are?written.
- Evaluator?has?to?mark?any?of?these.
- Length?of?the?line-5?inches
- 3-5?adjectives?are?used
- Division?on?the?line?should?be?equidistant
- Graphic?Rating?Scale?is?a?type?of?performance?
appraisal?method.?In?this?method?traits?or?behaviours?
that?are?important?for?effective?performance?are?listed?
out?and?each?employee?is?rated?against?these?traits.?
The?rating?helps?employers?to?quantify?the?behaviours?
displayed?by?its?employees.
? Numerical scale:
Marks as associated with certain indicators.
Data that are counted or measured using a
numerically defined method are called
numerical (quantitative).
Three point, five point seven point scale
? Ranking?order:?Statistical?technique,?rank?are?mentioned?in?the?
descending?order.?
? A?Rank?Order?scale?gives?the?respondent?a?set?of?items?and?asks?
them?to?put?the?items?in?some?form?oforder.?The?measure?of?
'order'?can?include?such?as?preference,?importance,?liking,?
effectiveness?and?so?on.?The?order?is?often?a?simple?ordinal?
structure?(A?is?higher?than?B)
? Paired?comparison?scale???each?person?compared?with?other?in?the?
group?
? The?Paired?Comparison?Scaling?is?a?comparative?scaling?technique?
wherein?the?respondent?is?shown?two?objects?at?the?same?time?and?
is?asked?to?select?one?according?to?the?defined?criterion.?
Rank order
Paired comparision
Forced choice scale
Forced choiced scale
? Forced choice refers to a specific format for
response options in survey questionnaires. In
a forced choice format, respondents are not
given a specific option to reflect a
"nonresponse" type choice, such as "no
opinion," "don't know," "not sure," or "not
applicable." Respondents must select a
response choice that provides a specific
answer to the survey item.
Rating interview-
The interviewing process often includes the use
of rating scales that the interviewers (also called
?raters?) use to evaluate the quality of the
interview and lead to some kind of
recommendation of the candidate for the job in
question.
Assess personality characteristicsof a subject on
a standardised rating scale.
Discusses worker?s achievement
? Situational tests: real life conditioning are
simulate
? Candidate?s spontaneous reactions will be
recorded
? It is done in a group and based on them
? It include role play, case studies, group
discussion

Types of situational test:
Derived from latin word socius ?social; metrum-
measure by Jacob L Moreno
Sociometry : the study of relationships within a
group of people.
Assess the positive and negative links between
persons within a group.
Sociometry is a way of measuring relationships
between people. Sociometric tests can include
variety of procedures used within social groups to
measure social status, popularity, peer
acceptance or rejection and reputation
Sociometry
? Used to evaluate group structure
? Measure amount of organization shown by
social group-sociometric test
? Made in respect to work, home , school
groups
? Determines position of each individual in a
group in which he has to function
CONSTRUCTION OF A SOCIOGRAM
A E F G
H
D
B I J
c K M
D is a star ?chosen by most of the members
J and g are unpopular
D serves as a bridge
ABCD has all channel communication
? Diagrammatic representation of patterns
showing interpersonal relationship
? This indicates choices, preferences, likes,
dislikes,interaction between individual
members in a group
? Gives a visual picture of sociometric structure
of a group
Various kinds of interaction in Sociometry test
? Social networks- a specific set of linkages among
defined set of people cluster
? Prescribed clusters- formal group within network
? Emergent clusters ? cluster of people who
temporarily align together to attain certain
objective
? Cliques- relatively permanent informal group
involving friendship
? Liaisons - individual who connect two or more
cluster but are no members of any cluster
? Bridges : connection as a linking pins by
belonging to two or more clusters
Importance of sociometry:
? Help to measure and build relationship
? Provide rich data
? Helps in group development
? Enhance group and individual perceptive
Psychodrama
?A body of philosophical, therapeutic,
educational, action based techniques-J.L
Moreno
- Action techniques in which individuals use
enactment to explore material that is
identified specific and personal to them.
Psychodrama is an action method, often used as
a psychotherapy, in which clients use
spontaneous dramatization, role playing, and
dramatic self-presentation to investigate and
gain insight into their lives.
Elements:
Stage- concrete situation within which protagonist story
can be brought to life
? Protagonist- is a person whose story is being enacted or
told. .
? the leading character or one of the major characters in a
play, film, novel, etc.
Director ? professional therapist who leads action and
planning.
He takes decisions involving what material
Auxiliary ego-is the position taken by other participants in a
role-playing exercise, or psychodrama, in order to simulate
particular situations for the protagonists.
role they take and what experience they bring to it.
Audience
Socio drama:
Variant of psychodrama
? A sociodrama is a dramatic play in which
several individuals spontaneously enact social
situations to understand situations more fully.
? Assign roles for the purpose of studying and
remedying problems in group or collective
relationships.
Enact various solutions to social problems.
? After each sociodrama, they have to debrief
an enactment and note what was learned.
? Brainstorm, problem solving and closure
Difference between Socio and
Psychodrama
PSYCHODRAMA SOCIOMETRY
EXPLORE INNER WORLD OF THE PERSON SOCIAL WORLD
INTRAPERSONAL INTERPERSONAL
Advantage of situational test:
Reveals personality characteristics
Superior to rating methods
Convenient
Useful in selection
Disadvantages:
Time consuming
Expensive
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
? The?general?intelligence,? g,?influences?the?
performance?on?all?mental?tasks,?while?another?
component?influences?abilities?on?a?particular?
task.
[7]
? Raven's Progressive Matrices?(often?referred?to?simply?as?Raven's
Matrices)?or?RPM?is?a?nonverbal?group?test?typically?used?in?
educational?settings.
? ?It?is?usually?a?60-item?test?used?in?measuring?abstract?reasoning?and?
regarded?as?a?non-verbal?estimate?of?fluid?intelligence.
[
? 1]
?It?is?the?most?common?and?popular?test?administered?to?groups?
ranging?from?5-year-olds?to?the?elderly.
[2]
? ?It?is?made?of?60?multiple?choice?questions,?listed?in?order?of?
difficulty.
[2
? ]
?This?format?is?designed?to?measure?the?test?taker's?reasoning?ability,?
the?eductive?("meaning-making")?component?of?Spearman's? g?( g?is?
often?referred?to?as?general?intelligence).?
? The?tests?were?originally?developed?by?John?C.?Raven?in?1936.
[3]
?In?
each?test?item,?the?subject?is?asked?to?identify?the?missing?element?
that?completes?a?pattern.
? ?Many?patterns?are?presented?in?the?form?of?a?6?6,?4?4,?3?3,?or?
2?2?matrix,?giving?the?test?its?name.
? All of the questions on the Raven's progressives
consist of visual geometric design with a missing
piece. The test taker is given six to eight choices to
pick from and fill in the missing piece.
[4]
? An IQ test item in the style of a Raven's
Progressive Matrices test. Given eight patterns,
the subject must identify the missing ninth
pattern
The Matrices are available in three different forms
for participants of different ability:
? Standard Progressive Matrices-This was
developed to assess a person?s intellectual ability
at the time of testing him with design or patterns.
? Person has to find relation between designs and
perform task. The booklet comprises five sets (A
to E) of 12 items each (e.g., A1 through A12),
? A and B-6 piece designs
? B & c-8 pieces of design. All items are presented
in black ink on a white background
? Coloured Progressive Matrices-Designed for
children aged 5 through 11 years-of-age, the
elderly, and mentally and physically impaired
individual participants.
? Tests the intellectual capacity of young
children and people.
? Coloured progressive matrixes-assess a
persons capacity of level of observation and
clear thinking
? This is a language free test
? The scale has two sets A and b and ab set
Advanced Progressive Matrices
? ?Persons?who?are?above?11?years?and?those?
who?are?above?average?in?mental?ability.
? Time?limit
? The?first?set?has?12?problems,2
nd
?set?contains?
48?items,?presented?as?one?set?of?12?(set?I),?
and?another?of?36?(set?II).?
Difference between individual test and
group test
Basic difference Individual test Group test
Sample size Small sample Ultra large samples
Format Open ended Multi choice
Examiner's role Significant role, Minimal role
Time factors More time consuming Less time consuming
Physical & personality test
? Physical abilities use tasks or abilities that
require physical ability to perform
? Measure physical attributes and characteristics
? Personality Assessment test:
? Personality means how people affect othersand
how they understand and view themselves as
well as their pattern of inner and outer
measurable traits and person situation
interaction
? Not a single characteristic; multidimensional in
nature with many interacting elements
Personality?assessment?test
? A?personality? test?is? a? questionnaire? or? other?
standardized? instrument? designed? to? reveal?
aspects? of? an? individual's? character? or?
psychological? makeup.? The? first?personality?
tests?were? developed? in? the? 1920s? and? were?
intended? to? ease? the? process? of? personnel?
selection,?particularly?in?the?armed?forces.?
? the?combination?of?characteristics?or?qualities?
that?form?an?individual's?distinctive?character.
Measuring personality:
? Personality rating methods
? Personality inventories
? Situational tests
? Projective methods
Personality rating methods
? Rating is a term applied or judgment regarding
some situation, object or character. Opinion
are usually expresses on a scale of values.
Rating techniques are derive which such
judgements may be quantified.
Rating scales:
?is a selected list of words , phrases , sentences or para
following which an observer records value or rating based
upon objective scale of values
? A rating scale is an instrument i.e. A list of questions
that is set to enable the reviewer to indicate the, size
or intensity of the underlying characteristics of a
person.
? Description of the characteristics ?clarity-rate
? Items on each scale must b described in such a way-to
know what they mean
? Items should be described in terms of behaviour
? The description of the personality
characteristic must be clear and we defined
? The item on each scale end must be described
? It should be concrete behaviour
Types?of?rating?scale:?
- Graphic?scale?
- A?straight?line?is?drawn?and?divided?into?many?parts?.?
Each?part-number?of?adjectives?are?written.
- Evaluator?has?to?mark?any?of?these.
- Length?of?the?line-5?inches
- 3-5?adjectives?are?used
- Division?on?the?line?should?be?equidistant
- Graphic?Rating?Scale?is?a?type?of?performance?
appraisal?method.?In?this?method?traits?or?behaviours?
that?are?important?for?effective?performance?are?listed?
out?and?each?employee?is?rated?against?these?traits.?
The?rating?helps?employers?to?quantify?the?behaviours?
displayed?by?its?employees.
? Numerical scale:
Marks as associated with certain indicators.
Data that are counted or measured using a
numerically defined method are called
numerical (quantitative).
Three point, five point seven point scale
? Ranking?order:?Statistical?technique,?rank?are?mentioned?in?the?
descending?order.?
? A?Rank?Order?scale?gives?the?respondent?a?set?of?items?and?asks?
them?to?put?the?items?in?some?form?oforder.?The?measure?of?
'order'?can?include?such?as?preference,?importance,?liking,?
effectiveness?and?so?on.?The?order?is?often?a?simple?ordinal?
structure?(A?is?higher?than?B)
? Paired?comparison?scale???each?person?compared?with?other?in?the?
group?
? The?Paired?Comparison?Scaling?is?a?comparative?scaling?technique?
wherein?the?respondent?is?shown?two?objects?at?the?same?time?and?
is?asked?to?select?one?according?to?the?defined?criterion.?
Rank order
Paired comparision
Forced choice scale
Forced choiced scale
? Forced choice refers to a specific format for
response options in survey questionnaires. In
a forced choice format, respondents are not
given a specific option to reflect a
"nonresponse" type choice, such as "no
opinion," "don't know," "not sure," or "not
applicable." Respondents must select a
response choice that provides a specific
answer to the survey item.
Rating interview-
The interviewing process often includes the use
of rating scales that the interviewers (also called
?raters?) use to evaluate the quality of the
interview and lead to some kind of
recommendation of the candidate for the job in
question.
Assess personality characteristicsof a subject on
a standardised rating scale.
Discusses worker?s achievement
? Situational tests: real life conditioning are
simulate
? Candidate?s spontaneous reactions will be
recorded
? It is done in a group and based on them
? It include role play, case studies, group
discussion

Types of situational test:
Derived from latin word socius ?social; metrum-
measure by Jacob L Moreno
Sociometry : the study of relationships within a
group of people.
Assess the positive and negative links between
persons within a group.
Sociometry is a way of measuring relationships
between people. Sociometric tests can include
variety of procedures used within social groups to
measure social status, popularity, peer
acceptance or rejection and reputation
Sociometry
? Used to evaluate group structure
? Measure amount of organization shown by
social group-sociometric test
? Made in respect to work, home , school
groups
? Determines position of each individual in a
group in which he has to function
CONSTRUCTION OF A SOCIOGRAM
A E F G
H
D
B I J
c K M
D is a star ?chosen by most of the members
J and g are unpopular
D serves as a bridge
ABCD has all channel communication
? Diagrammatic representation of patterns
showing interpersonal relationship
? This indicates choices, preferences, likes,
dislikes,interaction between individual
members in a group
? Gives a visual picture of sociometric structure
of a group
Various kinds of interaction in Sociometry test
? Social networks- a specific set of linkages among
defined set of people cluster
? Prescribed clusters- formal group within network
? Emergent clusters ? cluster of people who
temporarily align together to attain certain
objective
? Cliques- relatively permanent informal group
involving friendship
? Liaisons - individual who connect two or more
cluster but are no members of any cluster
? Bridges : connection as a linking pins by
belonging to two or more clusters
Importance of sociometry:
? Help to measure and build relationship
? Provide rich data
? Helps in group development
? Enhance group and individual perceptive
Psychodrama
?A body of philosophical, therapeutic,
educational, action based techniques-J.L
Moreno
- Action techniques in which individuals use
enactment to explore material that is
identified specific and personal to them.
Psychodrama is an action method, often used as
a psychotherapy, in which clients use
spontaneous dramatization, role playing, and
dramatic self-presentation to investigate and
gain insight into their lives.
Elements:
Stage- concrete situation within which protagonist story
can be brought to life
? Protagonist- is a person whose story is being enacted or
told. .
? the leading character or one of the major characters in a
play, film, novel, etc.
Director ? professional therapist who leads action and
planning.
He takes decisions involving what material
Auxiliary ego-is the position taken by other participants in a
role-playing exercise, or psychodrama, in order to simulate
particular situations for the protagonists.
role they take and what experience they bring to it.
Audience
Socio drama:
Variant of psychodrama
? A sociodrama is a dramatic play in which
several individuals spontaneously enact social
situations to understand situations more fully.
? Assign roles for the purpose of studying and
remedying problems in group or collective
relationships.
Enact various solutions to social problems.
? After each sociodrama, they have to debrief
an enactment and note what was learned.
? Brainstorm, problem solving and closure
Difference between Socio and
Psychodrama
PSYCHODRAMA SOCIOMETRY
EXPLORE INNER WORLD OF THE PERSON SOCIAL WORLD
INTRAPERSONAL INTERPERSONAL
Advantage of situational test:
Reveals personality characteristics
Superior to rating methods
Convenient
Useful in selection
Disadvantages:
Time consuming
Expensive
Personality inventories
? Francis Galton in 19
th
centaury
? Designed to assess the stable and enduring
characteristics of a person that may affect job
performance and workplace behavior.
? Inventories are known as questionnaires or scale
? Respondents are given list of statements in
standard order with fixed set of response
? Responses-assigned ratings to yield numerical
scores options
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
? The?general?intelligence,? g,?influences?the?
performance?on?all?mental?tasks,?while?another?
component?influences?abilities?on?a?particular?
task.
[7]
? Raven's Progressive Matrices?(often?referred?to?simply?as?Raven's
Matrices)?or?RPM?is?a?nonverbal?group?test?typically?used?in?
educational?settings.
? ?It?is?usually?a?60-item?test?used?in?measuring?abstract?reasoning?and?
regarded?as?a?non-verbal?estimate?of?fluid?intelligence.
[
? 1]
?It?is?the?most?common?and?popular?test?administered?to?groups?
ranging?from?5-year-olds?to?the?elderly.
[2]
? ?It?is?made?of?60?multiple?choice?questions,?listed?in?order?of?
difficulty.
[2
? ]
?This?format?is?designed?to?measure?the?test?taker's?reasoning?ability,?
the?eductive?("meaning-making")?component?of?Spearman's? g?( g?is?
often?referred?to?as?general?intelligence).?
? The?tests?were?originally?developed?by?John?C.?Raven?in?1936.
[3]
?In?
each?test?item,?the?subject?is?asked?to?identify?the?missing?element?
that?completes?a?pattern.
? ?Many?patterns?are?presented?in?the?form?of?a?6?6,?4?4,?3?3,?or?
2?2?matrix,?giving?the?test?its?name.
? All of the questions on the Raven's progressives
consist of visual geometric design with a missing
piece. The test taker is given six to eight choices to
pick from and fill in the missing piece.
[4]
? An IQ test item in the style of a Raven's
Progressive Matrices test. Given eight patterns,
the subject must identify the missing ninth
pattern
The Matrices are available in three different forms
for participants of different ability:
? Standard Progressive Matrices-This was
developed to assess a person?s intellectual ability
at the time of testing him with design or patterns.
? Person has to find relation between designs and
perform task. The booklet comprises five sets (A
to E) of 12 items each (e.g., A1 through A12),
? A and B-6 piece designs
? B & c-8 pieces of design. All items are presented
in black ink on a white background
? Coloured Progressive Matrices-Designed for
children aged 5 through 11 years-of-age, the
elderly, and mentally and physically impaired
individual participants.
? Tests the intellectual capacity of young
children and people.
? Coloured progressive matrixes-assess a
persons capacity of level of observation and
clear thinking
? This is a language free test
? The scale has two sets A and b and ab set
Advanced Progressive Matrices
? ?Persons?who?are?above?11?years?and?those?
who?are?above?average?in?mental?ability.
? Time?limit
? The?first?set?has?12?problems,2
nd
?set?contains?
48?items,?presented?as?one?set?of?12?(set?I),?
and?another?of?36?(set?II).?
Difference between individual test and
group test
Basic difference Individual test Group test
Sample size Small sample Ultra large samples
Format Open ended Multi choice
Examiner's role Significant role, Minimal role
Time factors More time consuming Less time consuming
Physical & personality test
? Physical abilities use tasks or abilities that
require physical ability to perform
? Measure physical attributes and characteristics
? Personality Assessment test:
? Personality means how people affect othersand
how they understand and view themselves as
well as their pattern of inner and outer
measurable traits and person situation
interaction
? Not a single characteristic; multidimensional in
nature with many interacting elements
Personality?assessment?test
? A?personality? test?is? a? questionnaire? or? other?
standardized? instrument? designed? to? reveal?
aspects? of? an? individual's? character? or?
psychological? makeup.? The? first?personality?
tests?were? developed? in? the? 1920s? and? were?
intended? to? ease? the? process? of? personnel?
selection,?particularly?in?the?armed?forces.?
? the?combination?of?characteristics?or?qualities?
that?form?an?individual's?distinctive?character.
Measuring personality:
? Personality rating methods
? Personality inventories
? Situational tests
? Projective methods
Personality rating methods
? Rating is a term applied or judgment regarding
some situation, object or character. Opinion
are usually expresses on a scale of values.
Rating techniques are derive which such
judgements may be quantified.
Rating scales:
?is a selected list of words , phrases , sentences or para
following which an observer records value or rating based
upon objective scale of values
? A rating scale is an instrument i.e. A list of questions
that is set to enable the reviewer to indicate the, size
or intensity of the underlying characteristics of a
person.
? Description of the characteristics ?clarity-rate
? Items on each scale must b described in such a way-to
know what they mean
? Items should be described in terms of behaviour
? The description of the personality
characteristic must be clear and we defined
? The item on each scale end must be described
? It should be concrete behaviour
Types?of?rating?scale:?
- Graphic?scale?
- A?straight?line?is?drawn?and?divided?into?many?parts?.?
Each?part-number?of?adjectives?are?written.
- Evaluator?has?to?mark?any?of?these.
- Length?of?the?line-5?inches
- 3-5?adjectives?are?used
- Division?on?the?line?should?be?equidistant
- Graphic?Rating?Scale?is?a?type?of?performance?
appraisal?method.?In?this?method?traits?or?behaviours?
that?are?important?for?effective?performance?are?listed?
out?and?each?employee?is?rated?against?these?traits.?
The?rating?helps?employers?to?quantify?the?behaviours?
displayed?by?its?employees.
? Numerical scale:
Marks as associated with certain indicators.
Data that are counted or measured using a
numerically defined method are called
numerical (quantitative).
Three point, five point seven point scale
? Ranking?order:?Statistical?technique,?rank?are?mentioned?in?the?
descending?order.?
? A?Rank?Order?scale?gives?the?respondent?a?set?of?items?and?asks?
them?to?put?the?items?in?some?form?oforder.?The?measure?of?
'order'?can?include?such?as?preference,?importance,?liking,?
effectiveness?and?so?on.?The?order?is?often?a?simple?ordinal?
structure?(A?is?higher?than?B)
? Paired?comparison?scale???each?person?compared?with?other?in?the?
group?
? The?Paired?Comparison?Scaling?is?a?comparative?scaling?technique?
wherein?the?respondent?is?shown?two?objects?at?the?same?time?and?
is?asked?to?select?one?according?to?the?defined?criterion.?
Rank order
Paired comparision
Forced choice scale
Forced choiced scale
? Forced choice refers to a specific format for
response options in survey questionnaires. In
a forced choice format, respondents are not
given a specific option to reflect a
"nonresponse" type choice, such as "no
opinion," "don't know," "not sure," or "not
applicable." Respondents must select a
response choice that provides a specific
answer to the survey item.
Rating interview-
The interviewing process often includes the use
of rating scales that the interviewers (also called
?raters?) use to evaluate the quality of the
interview and lead to some kind of
recommendation of the candidate for the job in
question.
Assess personality characteristicsof a subject on
a standardised rating scale.
Discusses worker?s achievement
? Situational tests: real life conditioning are
simulate
? Candidate?s spontaneous reactions will be
recorded
? It is done in a group and based on them
? It include role play, case studies, group
discussion

Types of situational test:
Derived from latin word socius ?social; metrum-
measure by Jacob L Moreno
Sociometry : the study of relationships within a
group of people.
Assess the positive and negative links between
persons within a group.
Sociometry is a way of measuring relationships
between people. Sociometric tests can include
variety of procedures used within social groups to
measure social status, popularity, peer
acceptance or rejection and reputation
Sociometry
? Used to evaluate group structure
? Measure amount of organization shown by
social group-sociometric test
? Made in respect to work, home , school
groups
? Determines position of each individual in a
group in which he has to function
CONSTRUCTION OF A SOCIOGRAM
A E F G
H
D
B I J
c K M
D is a star ?chosen by most of the members
J and g are unpopular
D serves as a bridge
ABCD has all channel communication
? Diagrammatic representation of patterns
showing interpersonal relationship
? This indicates choices, preferences, likes,
dislikes,interaction between individual
members in a group
? Gives a visual picture of sociometric structure
of a group
Various kinds of interaction in Sociometry test
? Social networks- a specific set of linkages among
defined set of people cluster
? Prescribed clusters- formal group within network
? Emergent clusters ? cluster of people who
temporarily align together to attain certain
objective
? Cliques- relatively permanent informal group
involving friendship
? Liaisons - individual who connect two or more
cluster but are no members of any cluster
? Bridges : connection as a linking pins by
belonging to two or more clusters
Importance of sociometry:
? Help to measure and build relationship
? Provide rich data
? Helps in group development
? Enhance group and individual perceptive
Psychodrama
?A body of philosophical, therapeutic,
educational, action based techniques-J.L
Moreno
- Action techniques in which individuals use
enactment to explore material that is
identified specific and personal to them.
Psychodrama is an action method, often used as
a psychotherapy, in which clients use
spontaneous dramatization, role playing, and
dramatic self-presentation to investigate and
gain insight into their lives.
Elements:
Stage- concrete situation within which protagonist story
can be brought to life
? Protagonist- is a person whose story is being enacted or
told. .
? the leading character or one of the major characters in a
play, film, novel, etc.
Director ? professional therapist who leads action and
planning.
He takes decisions involving what material
Auxiliary ego-is the position taken by other participants in a
role-playing exercise, or psychodrama, in order to simulate
particular situations for the protagonists.
role they take and what experience they bring to it.
Audience
Socio drama:
Variant of psychodrama
? A sociodrama is a dramatic play in which
several individuals spontaneously enact social
situations to understand situations more fully.
? Assign roles for the purpose of studying and
remedying problems in group or collective
relationships.
Enact various solutions to social problems.
? After each sociodrama, they have to debrief
an enactment and note what was learned.
? Brainstorm, problem solving and closure
Difference between Socio and
Psychodrama
PSYCHODRAMA SOCIOMETRY
EXPLORE INNER WORLD OF THE PERSON SOCIAL WORLD
INTRAPERSONAL INTERPERSONAL
Advantage of situational test:
Reveals personality characteristics
Superior to rating methods
Convenient
Useful in selection
Disadvantages:
Time consuming
Expensive
Personality inventories
? Francis Galton in 19
th
centaury
? Designed to assess the stable and enduring
characteristics of a person that may affect job
performance and workplace behavior.
? Inventories are known as questionnaires or scale
? Respondents are given list of statements in
standard order with fixed set of response
? Responses-assigned ratings to yield numerical
scores options
Types of inventories
? Bell adjustment inventory:
? Assesses individuals adjustment in variety of
situations
? Consists of 160 items & 4 subscales: home,
health, social, emotional
? High scores-poor adjustment; low scores-
better adjustment
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
? The?general?intelligence,? g,?influences?the?
performance?on?all?mental?tasks,?while?another?
component?influences?abilities?on?a?particular?
task.
[7]
? Raven's Progressive Matrices?(often?referred?to?simply?as?Raven's
Matrices)?or?RPM?is?a?nonverbal?group?test?typically?used?in?
educational?settings.
? ?It?is?usually?a?60-item?test?used?in?measuring?abstract?reasoning?and?
regarded?as?a?non-verbal?estimate?of?fluid?intelligence.
[
? 1]
?It?is?the?most?common?and?popular?test?administered?to?groups?
ranging?from?5-year-olds?to?the?elderly.
[2]
? ?It?is?made?of?60?multiple?choice?questions,?listed?in?order?of?
difficulty.
[2
? ]
?This?format?is?designed?to?measure?the?test?taker's?reasoning?ability,?
the?eductive?("meaning-making")?component?of?Spearman's? g?( g?is?
often?referred?to?as?general?intelligence).?
? The?tests?were?originally?developed?by?John?C.?Raven?in?1936.
[3]
?In?
each?test?item,?the?subject?is?asked?to?identify?the?missing?element?
that?completes?a?pattern.
? ?Many?patterns?are?presented?in?the?form?of?a?6?6,?4?4,?3?3,?or?
2?2?matrix,?giving?the?test?its?name.
? All of the questions on the Raven's progressives
consist of visual geometric design with a missing
piece. The test taker is given six to eight choices to
pick from and fill in the missing piece.
[4]
? An IQ test item in the style of a Raven's
Progressive Matrices test. Given eight patterns,
the subject must identify the missing ninth
pattern
The Matrices are available in three different forms
for participants of different ability:
? Standard Progressive Matrices-This was
developed to assess a person?s intellectual ability
at the time of testing him with design or patterns.
? Person has to find relation between designs and
perform task. The booklet comprises five sets (A
to E) of 12 items each (e.g., A1 through A12),
? A and B-6 piece designs
? B & c-8 pieces of design. All items are presented
in black ink on a white background
? Coloured Progressive Matrices-Designed for
children aged 5 through 11 years-of-age, the
elderly, and mentally and physically impaired
individual participants.
? Tests the intellectual capacity of young
children and people.
? Coloured progressive matrixes-assess a
persons capacity of level of observation and
clear thinking
? This is a language free test
? The scale has two sets A and b and ab set
Advanced Progressive Matrices
? ?Persons?who?are?above?11?years?and?those?
who?are?above?average?in?mental?ability.
? Time?limit
? The?first?set?has?12?problems,2
nd
?set?contains?
48?items,?presented?as?one?set?of?12?(set?I),?
and?another?of?36?(set?II).?
Difference between individual test and
group test
Basic difference Individual test Group test
Sample size Small sample Ultra large samples
Format Open ended Multi choice
Examiner's role Significant role, Minimal role
Time factors More time consuming Less time consuming
Physical & personality test
? Physical abilities use tasks or abilities that
require physical ability to perform
? Measure physical attributes and characteristics
? Personality Assessment test:
? Personality means how people affect othersand
how they understand and view themselves as
well as their pattern of inner and outer
measurable traits and person situation
interaction
? Not a single characteristic; multidimensional in
nature with many interacting elements
Personality?assessment?test
? A?personality? test?is? a? questionnaire? or? other?
standardized? instrument? designed? to? reveal?
aspects? of? an? individual's? character? or?
psychological? makeup.? The? first?personality?
tests?were? developed? in? the? 1920s? and? were?
intended? to? ease? the? process? of? personnel?
selection,?particularly?in?the?armed?forces.?
? the?combination?of?characteristics?or?qualities?
that?form?an?individual's?distinctive?character.
Measuring personality:
? Personality rating methods
? Personality inventories
? Situational tests
? Projective methods
Personality rating methods
? Rating is a term applied or judgment regarding
some situation, object or character. Opinion
are usually expresses on a scale of values.
Rating techniques are derive which such
judgements may be quantified.
Rating scales:
?is a selected list of words , phrases , sentences or para
following which an observer records value or rating based
upon objective scale of values
? A rating scale is an instrument i.e. A list of questions
that is set to enable the reviewer to indicate the, size
or intensity of the underlying characteristics of a
person.
? Description of the characteristics ?clarity-rate
? Items on each scale must b described in such a way-to
know what they mean
? Items should be described in terms of behaviour
? The description of the personality
characteristic must be clear and we defined
? The item on each scale end must be described
? It should be concrete behaviour
Types?of?rating?scale:?
- Graphic?scale?
- A?straight?line?is?drawn?and?divided?into?many?parts?.?
Each?part-number?of?adjectives?are?written.
- Evaluator?has?to?mark?any?of?these.
- Length?of?the?line-5?inches
- 3-5?adjectives?are?used
- Division?on?the?line?should?be?equidistant
- Graphic?Rating?Scale?is?a?type?of?performance?
appraisal?method.?In?this?method?traits?or?behaviours?
that?are?important?for?effective?performance?are?listed?
out?and?each?employee?is?rated?against?these?traits.?
The?rating?helps?employers?to?quantify?the?behaviours?
displayed?by?its?employees.
? Numerical scale:
Marks as associated with certain indicators.
Data that are counted or measured using a
numerically defined method are called
numerical (quantitative).
Three point, five point seven point scale
? Ranking?order:?Statistical?technique,?rank?are?mentioned?in?the?
descending?order.?
? A?Rank?Order?scale?gives?the?respondent?a?set?of?items?and?asks?
them?to?put?the?items?in?some?form?oforder.?The?measure?of?
'order'?can?include?such?as?preference,?importance,?liking,?
effectiveness?and?so?on.?The?order?is?often?a?simple?ordinal?
structure?(A?is?higher?than?B)
? Paired?comparison?scale???each?person?compared?with?other?in?the?
group?
? The?Paired?Comparison?Scaling?is?a?comparative?scaling?technique?
wherein?the?respondent?is?shown?two?objects?at?the?same?time?and?
is?asked?to?select?one?according?to?the?defined?criterion.?
Rank order
Paired comparision
Forced choice scale
Forced choiced scale
? Forced choice refers to a specific format for
response options in survey questionnaires. In
a forced choice format, respondents are not
given a specific option to reflect a
"nonresponse" type choice, such as "no
opinion," "don't know," "not sure," or "not
applicable." Respondents must select a
response choice that provides a specific
answer to the survey item.
Rating interview-
The interviewing process often includes the use
of rating scales that the interviewers (also called
?raters?) use to evaluate the quality of the
interview and lead to some kind of
recommendation of the candidate for the job in
question.
Assess personality characteristicsof a subject on
a standardised rating scale.
Discusses worker?s achievement
? Situational tests: real life conditioning are
simulate
? Candidate?s spontaneous reactions will be
recorded
? It is done in a group and based on them
? It include role play, case studies, group
discussion

Types of situational test:
Derived from latin word socius ?social; metrum-
measure by Jacob L Moreno
Sociometry : the study of relationships within a
group of people.
Assess the positive and negative links between
persons within a group.
Sociometry is a way of measuring relationships
between people. Sociometric tests can include
variety of procedures used within social groups to
measure social status, popularity, peer
acceptance or rejection and reputation
Sociometry
? Used to evaluate group structure
? Measure amount of organization shown by
social group-sociometric test
? Made in respect to work, home , school
groups
? Determines position of each individual in a
group in which he has to function
CONSTRUCTION OF A SOCIOGRAM
A E F G
H
D
B I J
c K M
D is a star ?chosen by most of the members
J and g are unpopular
D serves as a bridge
ABCD has all channel communication
? Diagrammatic representation of patterns
showing interpersonal relationship
? This indicates choices, preferences, likes,
dislikes,interaction between individual
members in a group
? Gives a visual picture of sociometric structure
of a group
Various kinds of interaction in Sociometry test
? Social networks- a specific set of linkages among
defined set of people cluster
? Prescribed clusters- formal group within network
? Emergent clusters ? cluster of people who
temporarily align together to attain certain
objective
? Cliques- relatively permanent informal group
involving friendship
? Liaisons - individual who connect two or more
cluster but are no members of any cluster
? Bridges : connection as a linking pins by
belonging to two or more clusters
Importance of sociometry:
? Help to measure and build relationship
? Provide rich data
? Helps in group development
? Enhance group and individual perceptive
Psychodrama
?A body of philosophical, therapeutic,
educational, action based techniques-J.L
Moreno
- Action techniques in which individuals use
enactment to explore material that is
identified specific and personal to them.
Psychodrama is an action method, often used as
a psychotherapy, in which clients use
spontaneous dramatization, role playing, and
dramatic self-presentation to investigate and
gain insight into their lives.
Elements:
Stage- concrete situation within which protagonist story
can be brought to life
? Protagonist- is a person whose story is being enacted or
told. .
? the leading character or one of the major characters in a
play, film, novel, etc.
Director ? professional therapist who leads action and
planning.
He takes decisions involving what material
Auxiliary ego-is the position taken by other participants in a
role-playing exercise, or psychodrama, in order to simulate
particular situations for the protagonists.
role they take and what experience they bring to it.
Audience
Socio drama:
Variant of psychodrama
? A sociodrama is a dramatic play in which
several individuals spontaneously enact social
situations to understand situations more fully.
? Assign roles for the purpose of studying and
remedying problems in group or collective
relationships.
Enact various solutions to social problems.
? After each sociodrama, they have to debrief
an enactment and note what was learned.
? Brainstorm, problem solving and closure
Difference between Socio and
Psychodrama
PSYCHODRAMA SOCIOMETRY
EXPLORE INNER WORLD OF THE PERSON SOCIAL WORLD
INTRAPERSONAL INTERPERSONAL
Advantage of situational test:
Reveals personality characteristics
Superior to rating methods
Convenient
Useful in selection
Disadvantages:
Time consuming
Expensive
Personality inventories
? Francis Galton in 19
th
centaury
? Designed to assess the stable and enduring
characteristics of a person that may affect job
performance and workplace behavior.
? Inventories are known as questionnaires or scale
? Respondents are given list of statements in
standard order with fixed set of response
? Responses-assigned ratings to yield numerical
scores options
Types of inventories
? Bell adjustment inventory:
? Assesses individuals adjustment in variety of
situations
? Consists of 160 items & 4 subscales: home,
health, social, emotional
? High scores-poor adjustment; low scores-
better adjustment
Bernreuter test
? Robert G bernreuter-personality traits
? 125 questions-6 scales-B1N,B2S,B3-I,B4-D,F1C,
& F2S(BIPOLAR)
Personality characteristics of industrial and
other organisations
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
? The?general?intelligence,? g,?influences?the?
performance?on?all?mental?tasks,?while?another?
component?influences?abilities?on?a?particular?
task.
[7]
? Raven's Progressive Matrices?(often?referred?to?simply?as?Raven's
Matrices)?or?RPM?is?a?nonverbal?group?test?typically?used?in?
educational?settings.
? ?It?is?usually?a?60-item?test?used?in?measuring?abstract?reasoning?and?
regarded?as?a?non-verbal?estimate?of?fluid?intelligence.
[
? 1]
?It?is?the?most?common?and?popular?test?administered?to?groups?
ranging?from?5-year-olds?to?the?elderly.
[2]
? ?It?is?made?of?60?multiple?choice?questions,?listed?in?order?of?
difficulty.
[2
? ]
?This?format?is?designed?to?measure?the?test?taker's?reasoning?ability,?
the?eductive?("meaning-making")?component?of?Spearman's? g?( g?is?
often?referred?to?as?general?intelligence).?
? The?tests?were?originally?developed?by?John?C.?Raven?in?1936.
[3]
?In?
each?test?item,?the?subject?is?asked?to?identify?the?missing?element?
that?completes?a?pattern.
? ?Many?patterns?are?presented?in?the?form?of?a?6?6,?4?4,?3?3,?or?
2?2?matrix,?giving?the?test?its?name.
? All of the questions on the Raven's progressives
consist of visual geometric design with a missing
piece. The test taker is given six to eight choices to
pick from and fill in the missing piece.
[4]
? An IQ test item in the style of a Raven's
Progressive Matrices test. Given eight patterns,
the subject must identify the missing ninth
pattern
The Matrices are available in three different forms
for participants of different ability:
? Standard Progressive Matrices-This was
developed to assess a person?s intellectual ability
at the time of testing him with design or patterns.
? Person has to find relation between designs and
perform task. The booklet comprises five sets (A
to E) of 12 items each (e.g., A1 through A12),
? A and B-6 piece designs
? B & c-8 pieces of design. All items are presented
in black ink on a white background
? Coloured Progressive Matrices-Designed for
children aged 5 through 11 years-of-age, the
elderly, and mentally and physically impaired
individual participants.
? Tests the intellectual capacity of young
children and people.
? Coloured progressive matrixes-assess a
persons capacity of level of observation and
clear thinking
? This is a language free test
? The scale has two sets A and b and ab set
Advanced Progressive Matrices
? ?Persons?who?are?above?11?years?and?those?
who?are?above?average?in?mental?ability.
? Time?limit
? The?first?set?has?12?problems,2
nd
?set?contains?
48?items,?presented?as?one?set?of?12?(set?I),?
and?another?of?36?(set?II).?
Difference between individual test and
group test
Basic difference Individual test Group test
Sample size Small sample Ultra large samples
Format Open ended Multi choice
Examiner's role Significant role, Minimal role
Time factors More time consuming Less time consuming
Physical & personality test
? Physical abilities use tasks or abilities that
require physical ability to perform
? Measure physical attributes and characteristics
? Personality Assessment test:
? Personality means how people affect othersand
how they understand and view themselves as
well as their pattern of inner and outer
measurable traits and person situation
interaction
? Not a single characteristic; multidimensional in
nature with many interacting elements
Personality?assessment?test
? A?personality? test?is? a? questionnaire? or? other?
standardized? instrument? designed? to? reveal?
aspects? of? an? individual's? character? or?
psychological? makeup.? The? first?personality?
tests?were? developed? in? the? 1920s? and? were?
intended? to? ease? the? process? of? personnel?
selection,?particularly?in?the?armed?forces.?
? the?combination?of?characteristics?or?qualities?
that?form?an?individual's?distinctive?character.
Measuring personality:
? Personality rating methods
? Personality inventories
? Situational tests
? Projective methods
Personality rating methods
? Rating is a term applied or judgment regarding
some situation, object or character. Opinion
are usually expresses on a scale of values.
Rating techniques are derive which such
judgements may be quantified.
Rating scales:
?is a selected list of words , phrases , sentences or para
following which an observer records value or rating based
upon objective scale of values
? A rating scale is an instrument i.e. A list of questions
that is set to enable the reviewer to indicate the, size
or intensity of the underlying characteristics of a
person.
? Description of the characteristics ?clarity-rate
? Items on each scale must b described in such a way-to
know what they mean
? Items should be described in terms of behaviour
? The description of the personality
characteristic must be clear and we defined
? The item on each scale end must be described
? It should be concrete behaviour
Types?of?rating?scale:?
- Graphic?scale?
- A?straight?line?is?drawn?and?divided?into?many?parts?.?
Each?part-number?of?adjectives?are?written.
- Evaluator?has?to?mark?any?of?these.
- Length?of?the?line-5?inches
- 3-5?adjectives?are?used
- Division?on?the?line?should?be?equidistant
- Graphic?Rating?Scale?is?a?type?of?performance?
appraisal?method.?In?this?method?traits?or?behaviours?
that?are?important?for?effective?performance?are?listed?
out?and?each?employee?is?rated?against?these?traits.?
The?rating?helps?employers?to?quantify?the?behaviours?
displayed?by?its?employees.
? Numerical scale:
Marks as associated with certain indicators.
Data that are counted or measured using a
numerically defined method are called
numerical (quantitative).
Three point, five point seven point scale
? Ranking?order:?Statistical?technique,?rank?are?mentioned?in?the?
descending?order.?
? A?Rank?Order?scale?gives?the?respondent?a?set?of?items?and?asks?
them?to?put?the?items?in?some?form?oforder.?The?measure?of?
'order'?can?include?such?as?preference,?importance,?liking,?
effectiveness?and?so?on.?The?order?is?often?a?simple?ordinal?
structure?(A?is?higher?than?B)
? Paired?comparison?scale???each?person?compared?with?other?in?the?
group?
? The?Paired?Comparison?Scaling?is?a?comparative?scaling?technique?
wherein?the?respondent?is?shown?two?objects?at?the?same?time?and?
is?asked?to?select?one?according?to?the?defined?criterion.?
Rank order
Paired comparision
Forced choice scale
Forced choiced scale
? Forced choice refers to a specific format for
response options in survey questionnaires. In
a forced choice format, respondents are not
given a specific option to reflect a
"nonresponse" type choice, such as "no
opinion," "don't know," "not sure," or "not
applicable." Respondents must select a
response choice that provides a specific
answer to the survey item.
Rating interview-
The interviewing process often includes the use
of rating scales that the interviewers (also called
?raters?) use to evaluate the quality of the
interview and lead to some kind of
recommendation of the candidate for the job in
question.
Assess personality characteristicsof a subject on
a standardised rating scale.
Discusses worker?s achievement
? Situational tests: real life conditioning are
simulate
? Candidate?s spontaneous reactions will be
recorded
? It is done in a group and based on them
? It include role play, case studies, group
discussion

Types of situational test:
Derived from latin word socius ?social; metrum-
measure by Jacob L Moreno
Sociometry : the study of relationships within a
group of people.
Assess the positive and negative links between
persons within a group.
Sociometry is a way of measuring relationships
between people. Sociometric tests can include
variety of procedures used within social groups to
measure social status, popularity, peer
acceptance or rejection and reputation
Sociometry
? Used to evaluate group structure
? Measure amount of organization shown by
social group-sociometric test
? Made in respect to work, home , school
groups
? Determines position of each individual in a
group in which he has to function
CONSTRUCTION OF A SOCIOGRAM
A E F G
H
D
B I J
c K M
D is a star ?chosen by most of the members
J and g are unpopular
D serves as a bridge
ABCD has all channel communication
? Diagrammatic representation of patterns
showing interpersonal relationship
? This indicates choices, preferences, likes,
dislikes,interaction between individual
members in a group
? Gives a visual picture of sociometric structure
of a group
Various kinds of interaction in Sociometry test
? Social networks- a specific set of linkages among
defined set of people cluster
? Prescribed clusters- formal group within network
? Emergent clusters ? cluster of people who
temporarily align together to attain certain
objective
? Cliques- relatively permanent informal group
involving friendship
? Liaisons - individual who connect two or more
cluster but are no members of any cluster
? Bridges : connection as a linking pins by
belonging to two or more clusters
Importance of sociometry:
? Help to measure and build relationship
? Provide rich data
? Helps in group development
? Enhance group and individual perceptive
Psychodrama
?A body of philosophical, therapeutic,
educational, action based techniques-J.L
Moreno
- Action techniques in which individuals use
enactment to explore material that is
identified specific and personal to them.
Psychodrama is an action method, often used as
a psychotherapy, in which clients use
spontaneous dramatization, role playing, and
dramatic self-presentation to investigate and
gain insight into their lives.
Elements:
Stage- concrete situation within which protagonist story
can be brought to life
? Protagonist- is a person whose story is being enacted or
told. .
? the leading character or one of the major characters in a
play, film, novel, etc.
Director ? professional therapist who leads action and
planning.
He takes decisions involving what material
Auxiliary ego-is the position taken by other participants in a
role-playing exercise, or psychodrama, in order to simulate
particular situations for the protagonists.
role they take and what experience they bring to it.
Audience
Socio drama:
Variant of psychodrama
? A sociodrama is a dramatic play in which
several individuals spontaneously enact social
situations to understand situations more fully.
? Assign roles for the purpose of studying and
remedying problems in group or collective
relationships.
Enact various solutions to social problems.
? After each sociodrama, they have to debrief
an enactment and note what was learned.
? Brainstorm, problem solving and closure
Difference between Socio and
Psychodrama
PSYCHODRAMA SOCIOMETRY
EXPLORE INNER WORLD OF THE PERSON SOCIAL WORLD
INTRAPERSONAL INTERPERSONAL
Advantage of situational test:
Reveals personality characteristics
Superior to rating methods
Convenient
Useful in selection
Disadvantages:
Time consuming
Expensive
Personality inventories
? Francis Galton in 19
th
centaury
? Designed to assess the stable and enduring
characteristics of a person that may affect job
performance and workplace behavior.
? Inventories are known as questionnaires or scale
? Respondents are given list of statements in
standard order with fixed set of response
? Responses-assigned ratings to yield numerical
scores options
Types of inventories
? Bell adjustment inventory:
? Assesses individuals adjustment in variety of
situations
? Consists of 160 items & 4 subscales: home,
health, social, emotional
? High scores-poor adjustment; low scores-
better adjustment
Bernreuter test
? Robert G bernreuter-personality traits
? 125 questions-6 scales-B1N,B2S,B3-I,B4-D,F1C,
& F2S(BIPOLAR)
Personality characteristics of industrial and
other organisations
California Personality inventory
? *Created by Harrison Dough in 1956
? Purpose-to measure and evaluate an individual?s
interpersonal behavior and social interaction
? 434-true-false questions;18 scales
1. Measure of poise, ascendancy, self assurance and
interpersonal adequacy
2. Measure of socialization ,responsibility, intrapersonal
values, and character
3. Measure of achievement potiential & intellectual
efficiency
4. Measure of intellectual modes and interest modes
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
? The?general?intelligence,? g,?influences?the?
performance?on?all?mental?tasks,?while?another?
component?influences?abilities?on?a?particular?
task.
[7]
? Raven's Progressive Matrices?(often?referred?to?simply?as?Raven's
Matrices)?or?RPM?is?a?nonverbal?group?test?typically?used?in?
educational?settings.
? ?It?is?usually?a?60-item?test?used?in?measuring?abstract?reasoning?and?
regarded?as?a?non-verbal?estimate?of?fluid?intelligence.
[
? 1]
?It?is?the?most?common?and?popular?test?administered?to?groups?
ranging?from?5-year-olds?to?the?elderly.
[2]
? ?It?is?made?of?60?multiple?choice?questions,?listed?in?order?of?
difficulty.
[2
? ]
?This?format?is?designed?to?measure?the?test?taker's?reasoning?ability,?
the?eductive?("meaning-making")?component?of?Spearman's? g?( g?is?
often?referred?to?as?general?intelligence).?
? The?tests?were?originally?developed?by?John?C.?Raven?in?1936.
[3]
?In?
each?test?item,?the?subject?is?asked?to?identify?the?missing?element?
that?completes?a?pattern.
? ?Many?patterns?are?presented?in?the?form?of?a?6?6,?4?4,?3?3,?or?
2?2?matrix,?giving?the?test?its?name.
? All of the questions on the Raven's progressives
consist of visual geometric design with a missing
piece. The test taker is given six to eight choices to
pick from and fill in the missing piece.
[4]
? An IQ test item in the style of a Raven's
Progressive Matrices test. Given eight patterns,
the subject must identify the missing ninth
pattern
The Matrices are available in three different forms
for participants of different ability:
? Standard Progressive Matrices-This was
developed to assess a person?s intellectual ability
at the time of testing him with design or patterns.
? Person has to find relation between designs and
perform task. The booklet comprises five sets (A
to E) of 12 items each (e.g., A1 through A12),
? A and B-6 piece designs
? B & c-8 pieces of design. All items are presented
in black ink on a white background
? Coloured Progressive Matrices-Designed for
children aged 5 through 11 years-of-age, the
elderly, and mentally and physically impaired
individual participants.
? Tests the intellectual capacity of young
children and people.
? Coloured progressive matrixes-assess a
persons capacity of level of observation and
clear thinking
? This is a language free test
? The scale has two sets A and b and ab set
Advanced Progressive Matrices
? ?Persons?who?are?above?11?years?and?those?
who?are?above?average?in?mental?ability.
? Time?limit
? The?first?set?has?12?problems,2
nd
?set?contains?
48?items,?presented?as?one?set?of?12?(set?I),?
and?another?of?36?(set?II).?
Difference between individual test and
group test
Basic difference Individual test Group test
Sample size Small sample Ultra large samples
Format Open ended Multi choice
Examiner's role Significant role, Minimal role
Time factors More time consuming Less time consuming
Physical & personality test
? Physical abilities use tasks or abilities that
require physical ability to perform
? Measure physical attributes and characteristics
? Personality Assessment test:
? Personality means how people affect othersand
how they understand and view themselves as
well as their pattern of inner and outer
measurable traits and person situation
interaction
? Not a single characteristic; multidimensional in
nature with many interacting elements
Personality?assessment?test
? A?personality? test?is? a? questionnaire? or? other?
standardized? instrument? designed? to? reveal?
aspects? of? an? individual's? character? or?
psychological? makeup.? The? first?personality?
tests?were? developed? in? the? 1920s? and? were?
intended? to? ease? the? process? of? personnel?
selection,?particularly?in?the?armed?forces.?
? the?combination?of?characteristics?or?qualities?
that?form?an?individual's?distinctive?character.
Measuring personality:
? Personality rating methods
? Personality inventories
? Situational tests
? Projective methods
Personality rating methods
? Rating is a term applied or judgment regarding
some situation, object or character. Opinion
are usually expresses on a scale of values.
Rating techniques are derive which such
judgements may be quantified.
Rating scales:
?is a selected list of words , phrases , sentences or para
following which an observer records value or rating based
upon objective scale of values
? A rating scale is an instrument i.e. A list of questions
that is set to enable the reviewer to indicate the, size
or intensity of the underlying characteristics of a
person.
? Description of the characteristics ?clarity-rate
? Items on each scale must b described in such a way-to
know what they mean
? Items should be described in terms of behaviour
? The description of the personality
characteristic must be clear and we defined
? The item on each scale end must be described
? It should be concrete behaviour
Types?of?rating?scale:?
- Graphic?scale?
- A?straight?line?is?drawn?and?divided?into?many?parts?.?
Each?part-number?of?adjectives?are?written.
- Evaluator?has?to?mark?any?of?these.
- Length?of?the?line-5?inches
- 3-5?adjectives?are?used
- Division?on?the?line?should?be?equidistant
- Graphic?Rating?Scale?is?a?type?of?performance?
appraisal?method.?In?this?method?traits?or?behaviours?
that?are?important?for?effective?performance?are?listed?
out?and?each?employee?is?rated?against?these?traits.?
The?rating?helps?employers?to?quantify?the?behaviours?
displayed?by?its?employees.
? Numerical scale:
Marks as associated with certain indicators.
Data that are counted or measured using a
numerically defined method are called
numerical (quantitative).
Three point, five point seven point scale
? Ranking?order:?Statistical?technique,?rank?are?mentioned?in?the?
descending?order.?
? A?Rank?Order?scale?gives?the?respondent?a?set?of?items?and?asks?
them?to?put?the?items?in?some?form?oforder.?The?measure?of?
'order'?can?include?such?as?preference,?importance,?liking,?
effectiveness?and?so?on.?The?order?is?often?a?simple?ordinal?
structure?(A?is?higher?than?B)
? Paired?comparison?scale???each?person?compared?with?other?in?the?
group?
? The?Paired?Comparison?Scaling?is?a?comparative?scaling?technique?
wherein?the?respondent?is?shown?two?objects?at?the?same?time?and?
is?asked?to?select?one?according?to?the?defined?criterion.?
Rank order
Paired comparision
Forced choice scale
Forced choiced scale
? Forced choice refers to a specific format for
response options in survey questionnaires. In
a forced choice format, respondents are not
given a specific option to reflect a
"nonresponse" type choice, such as "no
opinion," "don't know," "not sure," or "not
applicable." Respondents must select a
response choice that provides a specific
answer to the survey item.
Rating interview-
The interviewing process often includes the use
of rating scales that the interviewers (also called
?raters?) use to evaluate the quality of the
interview and lead to some kind of
recommendation of the candidate for the job in
question.
Assess personality characteristicsof a subject on
a standardised rating scale.
Discusses worker?s achievement
? Situational tests: real life conditioning are
simulate
? Candidate?s spontaneous reactions will be
recorded
? It is done in a group and based on them
? It include role play, case studies, group
discussion

Types of situational test:
Derived from latin word socius ?social; metrum-
measure by Jacob L Moreno
Sociometry : the study of relationships within a
group of people.
Assess the positive and negative links between
persons within a group.
Sociometry is a way of measuring relationships
between people. Sociometric tests can include
variety of procedures used within social groups to
measure social status, popularity, peer
acceptance or rejection and reputation
Sociometry
? Used to evaluate group structure
? Measure amount of organization shown by
social group-sociometric test
? Made in respect to work, home , school
groups
? Determines position of each individual in a
group in which he has to function
CONSTRUCTION OF A SOCIOGRAM
A E F G
H
D
B I J
c K M
D is a star ?chosen by most of the members
J and g are unpopular
D serves as a bridge
ABCD has all channel communication
? Diagrammatic representation of patterns
showing interpersonal relationship
? This indicates choices, preferences, likes,
dislikes,interaction between individual
members in a group
? Gives a visual picture of sociometric structure
of a group
Various kinds of interaction in Sociometry test
? Social networks- a specific set of linkages among
defined set of people cluster
? Prescribed clusters- formal group within network
? Emergent clusters ? cluster of people who
temporarily align together to attain certain
objective
? Cliques- relatively permanent informal group
involving friendship
? Liaisons - individual who connect two or more
cluster but are no members of any cluster
? Bridges : connection as a linking pins by
belonging to two or more clusters
Importance of sociometry:
? Help to measure and build relationship
? Provide rich data
? Helps in group development
? Enhance group and individual perceptive
Psychodrama
?A body of philosophical, therapeutic,
educational, action based techniques-J.L
Moreno
- Action techniques in which individuals use
enactment to explore material that is
identified specific and personal to them.
Psychodrama is an action method, often used as
a psychotherapy, in which clients use
spontaneous dramatization, role playing, and
dramatic self-presentation to investigate and
gain insight into their lives.
Elements:
Stage- concrete situation within which protagonist story
can be brought to life
? Protagonist- is a person whose story is being enacted or
told. .
? the leading character or one of the major characters in a
play, film, novel, etc.
Director ? professional therapist who leads action and
planning.
He takes decisions involving what material
Auxiliary ego-is the position taken by other participants in a
role-playing exercise, or psychodrama, in order to simulate
particular situations for the protagonists.
role they take and what experience they bring to it.
Audience
Socio drama:
Variant of psychodrama
? A sociodrama is a dramatic play in which
several individuals spontaneously enact social
situations to understand situations more fully.
? Assign roles for the purpose of studying and
remedying problems in group or collective
relationships.
Enact various solutions to social problems.
? After each sociodrama, they have to debrief
an enactment and note what was learned.
? Brainstorm, problem solving and closure
Difference between Socio and
Psychodrama
PSYCHODRAMA SOCIOMETRY
EXPLORE INNER WORLD OF THE PERSON SOCIAL WORLD
INTRAPERSONAL INTERPERSONAL
Advantage of situational test:
Reveals personality characteristics
Superior to rating methods
Convenient
Useful in selection
Disadvantages:
Time consuming
Expensive
Personality inventories
? Francis Galton in 19
th
centaury
? Designed to assess the stable and enduring
characteristics of a person that may affect job
performance and workplace behavior.
? Inventories are known as questionnaires or scale
? Respondents are given list of statements in
standard order with fixed set of response
? Responses-assigned ratings to yield numerical
scores options
Types of inventories
? Bell adjustment inventory:
? Assesses individuals adjustment in variety of
situations
? Consists of 160 items & 4 subscales: home,
health, social, emotional
? High scores-poor adjustment; low scores-
better adjustment
Bernreuter test
? Robert G bernreuter-personality traits
? 125 questions-6 scales-B1N,B2S,B3-I,B4-D,F1C,
& F2S(BIPOLAR)
Personality characteristics of industrial and
other organisations
California Personality inventory
? *Created by Harrison Dough in 1956
? Purpose-to measure and evaluate an individual?s
interpersonal behavior and social interaction
? 434-true-false questions;18 scales
1. Measure of poise, ascendancy, self assurance and
interpersonal adequacy
2. Measure of socialization ,responsibility, intrapersonal
values, and character
3. Measure of achievement potiential & intellectual
efficiency
4. Measure of intellectual modes and interest modes
Minnesota personality scale
? Has separate forms for men and women
? Rates following aspects of personality
1. Morale
2. Social adjustment
3. Family relations
4. Emotionability-degree of stability
5. Used for last 2yrs of high school, college and
sometimes adults
6. Five choices-agree, strongly agree, undecided,
disagree,strongly disagree
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
? The?general?intelligence,? g,?influences?the?
performance?on?all?mental?tasks,?while?another?
component?influences?abilities?on?a?particular?
task.
[7]
? Raven's Progressive Matrices?(often?referred?to?simply?as?Raven's
Matrices)?or?RPM?is?a?nonverbal?group?test?typically?used?in?
educational?settings.
? ?It?is?usually?a?60-item?test?used?in?measuring?abstract?reasoning?and?
regarded?as?a?non-verbal?estimate?of?fluid?intelligence.
[
? 1]
?It?is?the?most?common?and?popular?test?administered?to?groups?
ranging?from?5-year-olds?to?the?elderly.
[2]
? ?It?is?made?of?60?multiple?choice?questions,?listed?in?order?of?
difficulty.
[2
? ]
?This?format?is?designed?to?measure?the?test?taker's?reasoning?ability,?
the?eductive?("meaning-making")?component?of?Spearman's? g?( g?is?
often?referred?to?as?general?intelligence).?
? The?tests?were?originally?developed?by?John?C.?Raven?in?1936.
[3]
?In?
each?test?item,?the?subject?is?asked?to?identify?the?missing?element?
that?completes?a?pattern.
? ?Many?patterns?are?presented?in?the?form?of?a?6?6,?4?4,?3?3,?or?
2?2?matrix,?giving?the?test?its?name.
? All of the questions on the Raven's progressives
consist of visual geometric design with a missing
piece. The test taker is given six to eight choices to
pick from and fill in the missing piece.
[4]
? An IQ test item in the style of a Raven's
Progressive Matrices test. Given eight patterns,
the subject must identify the missing ninth
pattern
The Matrices are available in three different forms
for participants of different ability:
? Standard Progressive Matrices-This was
developed to assess a person?s intellectual ability
at the time of testing him with design or patterns.
? Person has to find relation between designs and
perform task. The booklet comprises five sets (A
to E) of 12 items each (e.g., A1 through A12),
? A and B-6 piece designs
? B & c-8 pieces of design. All items are presented
in black ink on a white background
? Coloured Progressive Matrices-Designed for
children aged 5 through 11 years-of-age, the
elderly, and mentally and physically impaired
individual participants.
? Tests the intellectual capacity of young
children and people.
? Coloured progressive matrixes-assess a
persons capacity of level of observation and
clear thinking
? This is a language free test
? The scale has two sets A and b and ab set
Advanced Progressive Matrices
? ?Persons?who?are?above?11?years?and?those?
who?are?above?average?in?mental?ability.
? Time?limit
? The?first?set?has?12?problems,2
nd
?set?contains?
48?items,?presented?as?one?set?of?12?(set?I),?
and?another?of?36?(set?II).?
Difference between individual test and
group test
Basic difference Individual test Group test
Sample size Small sample Ultra large samples
Format Open ended Multi choice
Examiner's role Significant role, Minimal role
Time factors More time consuming Less time consuming
Physical & personality test
? Physical abilities use tasks or abilities that
require physical ability to perform
? Measure physical attributes and characteristics
? Personality Assessment test:
? Personality means how people affect othersand
how they understand and view themselves as
well as their pattern of inner and outer
measurable traits and person situation
interaction
? Not a single characteristic; multidimensional in
nature with many interacting elements
Personality?assessment?test
? A?personality? test?is? a? questionnaire? or? other?
standardized? instrument? designed? to? reveal?
aspects? of? an? individual's? character? or?
psychological? makeup.? The? first?personality?
tests?were? developed? in? the? 1920s? and? were?
intended? to? ease? the? process? of? personnel?
selection,?particularly?in?the?armed?forces.?
? the?combination?of?characteristics?or?qualities?
that?form?an?individual's?distinctive?character.
Measuring personality:
? Personality rating methods
? Personality inventories
? Situational tests
? Projective methods
Personality rating methods
? Rating is a term applied or judgment regarding
some situation, object or character. Opinion
are usually expresses on a scale of values.
Rating techniques are derive which such
judgements may be quantified.
Rating scales:
?is a selected list of words , phrases , sentences or para
following which an observer records value or rating based
upon objective scale of values
? A rating scale is an instrument i.e. A list of questions
that is set to enable the reviewer to indicate the, size
or intensity of the underlying characteristics of a
person.
? Description of the characteristics ?clarity-rate
? Items on each scale must b described in such a way-to
know what they mean
? Items should be described in terms of behaviour
? The description of the personality
characteristic must be clear and we defined
? The item on each scale end must be described
? It should be concrete behaviour
Types?of?rating?scale:?
- Graphic?scale?
- A?straight?line?is?drawn?and?divided?into?many?parts?.?
Each?part-number?of?adjectives?are?written.
- Evaluator?has?to?mark?any?of?these.
- Length?of?the?line-5?inches
- 3-5?adjectives?are?used
- Division?on?the?line?should?be?equidistant
- Graphic?Rating?Scale?is?a?type?of?performance?
appraisal?method.?In?this?method?traits?or?behaviours?
that?are?important?for?effective?performance?are?listed?
out?and?each?employee?is?rated?against?these?traits.?
The?rating?helps?employers?to?quantify?the?behaviours?
displayed?by?its?employees.
? Numerical scale:
Marks as associated with certain indicators.
Data that are counted or measured using a
numerically defined method are called
numerical (quantitative).
Three point, five point seven point scale
? Ranking?order:?Statistical?technique,?rank?are?mentioned?in?the?
descending?order.?
? A?Rank?Order?scale?gives?the?respondent?a?set?of?items?and?asks?
them?to?put?the?items?in?some?form?oforder.?The?measure?of?
'order'?can?include?such?as?preference,?importance,?liking,?
effectiveness?and?so?on.?The?order?is?often?a?simple?ordinal?
structure?(A?is?higher?than?B)
? Paired?comparison?scale???each?person?compared?with?other?in?the?
group?
? The?Paired?Comparison?Scaling?is?a?comparative?scaling?technique?
wherein?the?respondent?is?shown?two?objects?at?the?same?time?and?
is?asked?to?select?one?according?to?the?defined?criterion.?
Rank order
Paired comparision
Forced choice scale
Forced choiced scale
? Forced choice refers to a specific format for
response options in survey questionnaires. In
a forced choice format, respondents are not
given a specific option to reflect a
"nonresponse" type choice, such as "no
opinion," "don't know," "not sure," or "not
applicable." Respondents must select a
response choice that provides a specific
answer to the survey item.
Rating interview-
The interviewing process often includes the use
of rating scales that the interviewers (also called
?raters?) use to evaluate the quality of the
interview and lead to some kind of
recommendation of the candidate for the job in
question.
Assess personality characteristicsof a subject on
a standardised rating scale.
Discusses worker?s achievement
? Situational tests: real life conditioning are
simulate
? Candidate?s spontaneous reactions will be
recorded
? It is done in a group and based on them
? It include role play, case studies, group
discussion

Types of situational test:
Derived from latin word socius ?social; metrum-
measure by Jacob L Moreno
Sociometry : the study of relationships within a
group of people.
Assess the positive and negative links between
persons within a group.
Sociometry is a way of measuring relationships
between people. Sociometric tests can include
variety of procedures used within social groups to
measure social status, popularity, peer
acceptance or rejection and reputation
Sociometry
? Used to evaluate group structure
? Measure amount of organization shown by
social group-sociometric test
? Made in respect to work, home , school
groups
? Determines position of each individual in a
group in which he has to function
CONSTRUCTION OF A SOCIOGRAM
A E F G
H
D
B I J
c K M
D is a star ?chosen by most of the members
J and g are unpopular
D serves as a bridge
ABCD has all channel communication
? Diagrammatic representation of patterns
showing interpersonal relationship
? This indicates choices, preferences, likes,
dislikes,interaction between individual
members in a group
? Gives a visual picture of sociometric structure
of a group
Various kinds of interaction in Sociometry test
? Social networks- a specific set of linkages among
defined set of people cluster
? Prescribed clusters- formal group within network
? Emergent clusters ? cluster of people who
temporarily align together to attain certain
objective
? Cliques- relatively permanent informal group
involving friendship
? Liaisons - individual who connect two or more
cluster but are no members of any cluster
? Bridges : connection as a linking pins by
belonging to two or more clusters
Importance of sociometry:
? Help to measure and build relationship
? Provide rich data
? Helps in group development
? Enhance group and individual perceptive
Psychodrama
?A body of philosophical, therapeutic,
educational, action based techniques-J.L
Moreno
- Action techniques in which individuals use
enactment to explore material that is
identified specific and personal to them.
Psychodrama is an action method, often used as
a psychotherapy, in which clients use
spontaneous dramatization, role playing, and
dramatic self-presentation to investigate and
gain insight into their lives.
Elements:
Stage- concrete situation within which protagonist story
can be brought to life
? Protagonist- is a person whose story is being enacted or
told. .
? the leading character or one of the major characters in a
play, film, novel, etc.
Director ? professional therapist who leads action and
planning.
He takes decisions involving what material
Auxiliary ego-is the position taken by other participants in a
role-playing exercise, or psychodrama, in order to simulate
particular situations for the protagonists.
role they take and what experience they bring to it.
Audience
Socio drama:
Variant of psychodrama
? A sociodrama is a dramatic play in which
several individuals spontaneously enact social
situations to understand situations more fully.
? Assign roles for the purpose of studying and
remedying problems in group or collective
relationships.
Enact various solutions to social problems.
? After each sociodrama, they have to debrief
an enactment and note what was learned.
? Brainstorm, problem solving and closure
Difference between Socio and
Psychodrama
PSYCHODRAMA SOCIOMETRY
EXPLORE INNER WORLD OF THE PERSON SOCIAL WORLD
INTRAPERSONAL INTERPERSONAL
Advantage of situational test:
Reveals personality characteristics
Superior to rating methods
Convenient
Useful in selection
Disadvantages:
Time consuming
Expensive
Personality inventories
? Francis Galton in 19
th
centaury
? Designed to assess the stable and enduring
characteristics of a person that may affect job
performance and workplace behavior.
? Inventories are known as questionnaires or scale
? Respondents are given list of statements in
standard order with fixed set of response
? Responses-assigned ratings to yield numerical
scores options
Types of inventories
? Bell adjustment inventory:
? Assesses individuals adjustment in variety of
situations
? Consists of 160 items & 4 subscales: home,
health, social, emotional
? High scores-poor adjustment; low scores-
better adjustment
Bernreuter test
? Robert G bernreuter-personality traits
? 125 questions-6 scales-B1N,B2S,B3-I,B4-D,F1C,
& F2S(BIPOLAR)
Personality characteristics of industrial and
other organisations
California Personality inventory
? *Created by Harrison Dough in 1956
? Purpose-to measure and evaluate an individual?s
interpersonal behavior and social interaction
? 434-true-false questions;18 scales
1. Measure of poise, ascendancy, self assurance and
interpersonal adequacy
2. Measure of socialization ,responsibility, intrapersonal
values, and character
3. Measure of achievement potiential & intellectual
efficiency
4. Measure of intellectual modes and interest modes
Minnesota personality scale
? Has separate forms for men and women
? Rates following aspects of personality
1. Morale
2. Social adjustment
3. Family relations
4. Emotionability-degree of stability
5. Used for last 2yrs of high school, college and
sometimes adults
6. Five choices-agree, strongly agree, undecided,
disagree,strongly disagree
? Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory
? 550 items, item is printed on separate card
? Inventory-indicates personality traits of the
individual
? One has to respond to questions with answers
?yes, no ,doubtful in the box provided.
? Responses are evaluated
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
? The?general?intelligence,? g,?influences?the?
performance?on?all?mental?tasks,?while?another?
component?influences?abilities?on?a?particular?
task.
[7]
? Raven's Progressive Matrices?(often?referred?to?simply?as?Raven's
Matrices)?or?RPM?is?a?nonverbal?group?test?typically?used?in?
educational?settings.
? ?It?is?usually?a?60-item?test?used?in?measuring?abstract?reasoning?and?
regarded?as?a?non-verbal?estimate?of?fluid?intelligence.
[
? 1]
?It?is?the?most?common?and?popular?test?administered?to?groups?
ranging?from?5-year-olds?to?the?elderly.
[2]
? ?It?is?made?of?60?multiple?choice?questions,?listed?in?order?of?
difficulty.
[2
? ]
?This?format?is?designed?to?measure?the?test?taker's?reasoning?ability,?
the?eductive?("meaning-making")?component?of?Spearman's? g?( g?is?
often?referred?to?as?general?intelligence).?
? The?tests?were?originally?developed?by?John?C.?Raven?in?1936.
[3]
?In?
each?test?item,?the?subject?is?asked?to?identify?the?missing?element?
that?completes?a?pattern.
? ?Many?patterns?are?presented?in?the?form?of?a?6?6,?4?4,?3?3,?or?
2?2?matrix,?giving?the?test?its?name.
? All of the questions on the Raven's progressives
consist of visual geometric design with a missing
piece. The test taker is given six to eight choices to
pick from and fill in the missing piece.
[4]
? An IQ test item in the style of a Raven's
Progressive Matrices test. Given eight patterns,
the subject must identify the missing ninth
pattern
The Matrices are available in three different forms
for participants of different ability:
? Standard Progressive Matrices-This was
developed to assess a person?s intellectual ability
at the time of testing him with design or patterns.
? Person has to find relation between designs and
perform task. The booklet comprises five sets (A
to E) of 12 items each (e.g., A1 through A12),
? A and B-6 piece designs
? B & c-8 pieces of design. All items are presented
in black ink on a white background
? Coloured Progressive Matrices-Designed for
children aged 5 through 11 years-of-age, the
elderly, and mentally and physically impaired
individual participants.
? Tests the intellectual capacity of young
children and people.
? Coloured progressive matrixes-assess a
persons capacity of level of observation and
clear thinking
? This is a language free test
? The scale has two sets A and b and ab set
Advanced Progressive Matrices
? ?Persons?who?are?above?11?years?and?those?
who?are?above?average?in?mental?ability.
? Time?limit
? The?first?set?has?12?problems,2
nd
?set?contains?
48?items,?presented?as?one?set?of?12?(set?I),?
and?another?of?36?(set?II).?
Difference between individual test and
group test
Basic difference Individual test Group test
Sample size Small sample Ultra large samples
Format Open ended Multi choice
Examiner's role Significant role, Minimal role
Time factors More time consuming Less time consuming
Physical & personality test
? Physical abilities use tasks or abilities that
require physical ability to perform
? Measure physical attributes and characteristics
? Personality Assessment test:
? Personality means how people affect othersand
how they understand and view themselves as
well as their pattern of inner and outer
measurable traits and person situation
interaction
? Not a single characteristic; multidimensional in
nature with many interacting elements
Personality?assessment?test
? A?personality? test?is? a? questionnaire? or? other?
standardized? instrument? designed? to? reveal?
aspects? of? an? individual's? character? or?
psychological? makeup.? The? first?personality?
tests?were? developed? in? the? 1920s? and? were?
intended? to? ease? the? process? of? personnel?
selection,?particularly?in?the?armed?forces.?
? the?combination?of?characteristics?or?qualities?
that?form?an?individual's?distinctive?character.
Measuring personality:
? Personality rating methods
? Personality inventories
? Situational tests
? Projective methods
Personality rating methods
? Rating is a term applied or judgment regarding
some situation, object or character. Opinion
are usually expresses on a scale of values.
Rating techniques are derive which such
judgements may be quantified.
Rating scales:
?is a selected list of words , phrases , sentences or para
following which an observer records value or rating based
upon objective scale of values
? A rating scale is an instrument i.e. A list of questions
that is set to enable the reviewer to indicate the, size
or intensity of the underlying characteristics of a
person.
? Description of the characteristics ?clarity-rate
? Items on each scale must b described in such a way-to
know what they mean
? Items should be described in terms of behaviour
? The description of the personality
characteristic must be clear and we defined
? The item on each scale end must be described
? It should be concrete behaviour
Types?of?rating?scale:?
- Graphic?scale?
- A?straight?line?is?drawn?and?divided?into?many?parts?.?
Each?part-number?of?adjectives?are?written.
- Evaluator?has?to?mark?any?of?these.
- Length?of?the?line-5?inches
- 3-5?adjectives?are?used
- Division?on?the?line?should?be?equidistant
- Graphic?Rating?Scale?is?a?type?of?performance?
appraisal?method.?In?this?method?traits?or?behaviours?
that?are?important?for?effective?performance?are?listed?
out?and?each?employee?is?rated?against?these?traits.?
The?rating?helps?employers?to?quantify?the?behaviours?
displayed?by?its?employees.
? Numerical scale:
Marks as associated with certain indicators.
Data that are counted or measured using a
numerically defined method are called
numerical (quantitative).
Three point, five point seven point scale
? Ranking?order:?Statistical?technique,?rank?are?mentioned?in?the?
descending?order.?
? A?Rank?Order?scale?gives?the?respondent?a?set?of?items?and?asks?
them?to?put?the?items?in?some?form?oforder.?The?measure?of?
'order'?can?include?such?as?preference,?importance,?liking,?
effectiveness?and?so?on.?The?order?is?often?a?simple?ordinal?
structure?(A?is?higher?than?B)
? Paired?comparison?scale???each?person?compared?with?other?in?the?
group?
? The?Paired?Comparison?Scaling?is?a?comparative?scaling?technique?
wherein?the?respondent?is?shown?two?objects?at?the?same?time?and?
is?asked?to?select?one?according?to?the?defined?criterion.?
Rank order
Paired comparision
Forced choice scale
Forced choiced scale
? Forced choice refers to a specific format for
response options in survey questionnaires. In
a forced choice format, respondents are not
given a specific option to reflect a
"nonresponse" type choice, such as "no
opinion," "don't know," "not sure," or "not
applicable." Respondents must select a
response choice that provides a specific
answer to the survey item.
Rating interview-
The interviewing process often includes the use
of rating scales that the interviewers (also called
?raters?) use to evaluate the quality of the
interview and lead to some kind of
recommendation of the candidate for the job in
question.
Assess personality characteristicsof a subject on
a standardised rating scale.
Discusses worker?s achievement
? Situational tests: real life conditioning are
simulate
? Candidate?s spontaneous reactions will be
recorded
? It is done in a group and based on them
? It include role play, case studies, group
discussion

Types of situational test:
Derived from latin word socius ?social; metrum-
measure by Jacob L Moreno
Sociometry : the study of relationships within a
group of people.
Assess the positive and negative links between
persons within a group.
Sociometry is a way of measuring relationships
between people. Sociometric tests can include
variety of procedures used within social groups to
measure social status, popularity, peer
acceptance or rejection and reputation
Sociometry
? Used to evaluate group structure
? Measure amount of organization shown by
social group-sociometric test
? Made in respect to work, home , school
groups
? Determines position of each individual in a
group in which he has to function
CONSTRUCTION OF A SOCIOGRAM
A E F G
H
D
B I J
c K M
D is a star ?chosen by most of the members
J and g are unpopular
D serves as a bridge
ABCD has all channel communication
? Diagrammatic representation of patterns
showing interpersonal relationship
? This indicates choices, preferences, likes,
dislikes,interaction between individual
members in a group
? Gives a visual picture of sociometric structure
of a group
Various kinds of interaction in Sociometry test
? Social networks- a specific set of linkages among
defined set of people cluster
? Prescribed clusters- formal group within network
? Emergent clusters ? cluster of people who
temporarily align together to attain certain
objective
? Cliques- relatively permanent informal group
involving friendship
? Liaisons - individual who connect two or more
cluster but are no members of any cluster
? Bridges : connection as a linking pins by
belonging to two or more clusters
Importance of sociometry:
? Help to measure and build relationship
? Provide rich data
? Helps in group development
? Enhance group and individual perceptive
Psychodrama
?A body of philosophical, therapeutic,
educational, action based techniques-J.L
Moreno
- Action techniques in which individuals use
enactment to explore material that is
identified specific and personal to them.
Psychodrama is an action method, often used as
a psychotherapy, in which clients use
spontaneous dramatization, role playing, and
dramatic self-presentation to investigate and
gain insight into their lives.
Elements:
Stage- concrete situation within which protagonist story
can be brought to life
? Protagonist- is a person whose story is being enacted or
told. .
? the leading character or one of the major characters in a
play, film, novel, etc.
Director ? professional therapist who leads action and
planning.
He takes decisions involving what material
Auxiliary ego-is the position taken by other participants in a
role-playing exercise, or psychodrama, in order to simulate
particular situations for the protagonists.
role they take and what experience they bring to it.
Audience
Socio drama:
Variant of psychodrama
? A sociodrama is a dramatic play in which
several individuals spontaneously enact social
situations to understand situations more fully.
? Assign roles for the purpose of studying and
remedying problems in group or collective
relationships.
Enact various solutions to social problems.
? After each sociodrama, they have to debrief
an enactment and note what was learned.
? Brainstorm, problem solving and closure
Difference between Socio and
Psychodrama
PSYCHODRAMA SOCIOMETRY
EXPLORE INNER WORLD OF THE PERSON SOCIAL WORLD
INTRAPERSONAL INTERPERSONAL
Advantage of situational test:
Reveals personality characteristics
Superior to rating methods
Convenient
Useful in selection
Disadvantages:
Time consuming
Expensive
Personality inventories
? Francis Galton in 19
th
centaury
? Designed to assess the stable and enduring
characteristics of a person that may affect job
performance and workplace behavior.
? Inventories are known as questionnaires or scale
? Respondents are given list of statements in
standard order with fixed set of response
? Responses-assigned ratings to yield numerical
scores options
Types of inventories
? Bell adjustment inventory:
? Assesses individuals adjustment in variety of
situations
? Consists of 160 items & 4 subscales: home,
health, social, emotional
? High scores-poor adjustment; low scores-
better adjustment
Bernreuter test
? Robert G bernreuter-personality traits
? 125 questions-6 scales-B1N,B2S,B3-I,B4-D,F1C,
& F2S(BIPOLAR)
Personality characteristics of industrial and
other organisations
California Personality inventory
? *Created by Harrison Dough in 1956
? Purpose-to measure and evaluate an individual?s
interpersonal behavior and social interaction
? 434-true-false questions;18 scales
1. Measure of poise, ascendancy, self assurance and
interpersonal adequacy
2. Measure of socialization ,responsibility, intrapersonal
values, and character
3. Measure of achievement potiential & intellectual
efficiency
4. Measure of intellectual modes and interest modes
Minnesota personality scale
? Has separate forms for men and women
? Rates following aspects of personality
1. Morale
2. Social adjustment
3. Family relations
4. Emotionability-degree of stability
5. Used for last 2yrs of high school, college and
sometimes adults
6. Five choices-agree, strongly agree, undecided,
disagree,strongly disagree
? Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory
? 550 items, item is printed on separate card
? Inventory-indicates personality traits of the
individual
? One has to respond to questions with answers
?yes, no ,doubtful in the box provided.
? Responses are evaluated
Cornell index
? Standardised questionnaire for males only
? 101 items fall into 2 categories
1. Those differentiating sharply between persons
with serious personality disorders
(Does worrying continually get you down)
2. Those concerned with bodily symptoms-trouble
with food digestion
Response should be ?yes or no?
Effective in showing presence of anxiety states,
migraine,peptic ulcers, convulsive disorders,
asthma
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
? The?general?intelligence,? g,?influences?the?
performance?on?all?mental?tasks,?while?another?
component?influences?abilities?on?a?particular?
task.
[7]
? Raven's Progressive Matrices?(often?referred?to?simply?as?Raven's
Matrices)?or?RPM?is?a?nonverbal?group?test?typically?used?in?
educational?settings.
? ?It?is?usually?a?60-item?test?used?in?measuring?abstract?reasoning?and?
regarded?as?a?non-verbal?estimate?of?fluid?intelligence.
[
? 1]
?It?is?the?most?common?and?popular?test?administered?to?groups?
ranging?from?5-year-olds?to?the?elderly.
[2]
? ?It?is?made?of?60?multiple?choice?questions,?listed?in?order?of?
difficulty.
[2
? ]
?This?format?is?designed?to?measure?the?test?taker's?reasoning?ability,?
the?eductive?("meaning-making")?component?of?Spearman's? g?( g?is?
often?referred?to?as?general?intelligence).?
? The?tests?were?originally?developed?by?John?C.?Raven?in?1936.
[3]
?In?
each?test?item,?the?subject?is?asked?to?identify?the?missing?element?
that?completes?a?pattern.
? ?Many?patterns?are?presented?in?the?form?of?a?6?6,?4?4,?3?3,?or?
2?2?matrix,?giving?the?test?its?name.
? All of the questions on the Raven's progressives
consist of visual geometric design with a missing
piece. The test taker is given six to eight choices to
pick from and fill in the missing piece.
[4]
? An IQ test item in the style of a Raven's
Progressive Matrices test. Given eight patterns,
the subject must identify the missing ninth
pattern
The Matrices are available in three different forms
for participants of different ability:
? Standard Progressive Matrices-This was
developed to assess a person?s intellectual ability
at the time of testing him with design or patterns.
? Person has to find relation between designs and
perform task. The booklet comprises five sets (A
to E) of 12 items each (e.g., A1 through A12),
? A and B-6 piece designs
? B & c-8 pieces of design. All items are presented
in black ink on a white background
? Coloured Progressive Matrices-Designed for
children aged 5 through 11 years-of-age, the
elderly, and mentally and physically impaired
individual participants.
? Tests the intellectual capacity of young
children and people.
? Coloured progressive matrixes-assess a
persons capacity of level of observation and
clear thinking
? This is a language free test
? The scale has two sets A and b and ab set
Advanced Progressive Matrices
? ?Persons?who?are?above?11?years?and?those?
who?are?above?average?in?mental?ability.
? Time?limit
? The?first?set?has?12?problems,2
nd
?set?contains?
48?items,?presented?as?one?set?of?12?(set?I),?
and?another?of?36?(set?II).?
Difference between individual test and
group test
Basic difference Individual test Group test
Sample size Small sample Ultra large samples
Format Open ended Multi choice
Examiner's role Significant role, Minimal role
Time factors More time consuming Less time consuming
Physical & personality test
? Physical abilities use tasks or abilities that
require physical ability to perform
? Measure physical attributes and characteristics
? Personality Assessment test:
? Personality means how people affect othersand
how they understand and view themselves as
well as their pattern of inner and outer
measurable traits and person situation
interaction
? Not a single characteristic; multidimensional in
nature with many interacting elements
Personality?assessment?test
? A?personality? test?is? a? questionnaire? or? other?
standardized? instrument? designed? to? reveal?
aspects? of? an? individual's? character? or?
psychological? makeup.? The? first?personality?
tests?were? developed? in? the? 1920s? and? were?
intended? to? ease? the? process? of? personnel?
selection,?particularly?in?the?armed?forces.?
? the?combination?of?characteristics?or?qualities?
that?form?an?individual's?distinctive?character.
Measuring personality:
? Personality rating methods
? Personality inventories
? Situational tests
? Projective methods
Personality rating methods
? Rating is a term applied or judgment regarding
some situation, object or character. Opinion
are usually expresses on a scale of values.
Rating techniques are derive which such
judgements may be quantified.
Rating scales:
?is a selected list of words , phrases , sentences or para
following which an observer records value or rating based
upon objective scale of values
? A rating scale is an instrument i.e. A list of questions
that is set to enable the reviewer to indicate the, size
or intensity of the underlying characteristics of a
person.
? Description of the characteristics ?clarity-rate
? Items on each scale must b described in such a way-to
know what they mean
? Items should be described in terms of behaviour
? The description of the personality
characteristic must be clear and we defined
? The item on each scale end must be described
? It should be concrete behaviour
Types?of?rating?scale:?
- Graphic?scale?
- A?straight?line?is?drawn?and?divided?into?many?parts?.?
Each?part-number?of?adjectives?are?written.
- Evaluator?has?to?mark?any?of?these.
- Length?of?the?line-5?inches
- 3-5?adjectives?are?used
- Division?on?the?line?should?be?equidistant
- Graphic?Rating?Scale?is?a?type?of?performance?
appraisal?method.?In?this?method?traits?or?behaviours?
that?are?important?for?effective?performance?are?listed?
out?and?each?employee?is?rated?against?these?traits.?
The?rating?helps?employers?to?quantify?the?behaviours?
displayed?by?its?employees.
? Numerical scale:
Marks as associated with certain indicators.
Data that are counted or measured using a
numerically defined method are called
numerical (quantitative).
Three point, five point seven point scale
? Ranking?order:?Statistical?technique,?rank?are?mentioned?in?the?
descending?order.?
? A?Rank?Order?scale?gives?the?respondent?a?set?of?items?and?asks?
them?to?put?the?items?in?some?form?oforder.?The?measure?of?
'order'?can?include?such?as?preference,?importance,?liking,?
effectiveness?and?so?on.?The?order?is?often?a?simple?ordinal?
structure?(A?is?higher?than?B)
? Paired?comparison?scale???each?person?compared?with?other?in?the?
group?
? The?Paired?Comparison?Scaling?is?a?comparative?scaling?technique?
wherein?the?respondent?is?shown?two?objects?at?the?same?time?and?
is?asked?to?select?one?according?to?the?defined?criterion.?
Rank order
Paired comparision
Forced choice scale
Forced choiced scale
? Forced choice refers to a specific format for
response options in survey questionnaires. In
a forced choice format, respondents are not
given a specific option to reflect a
"nonresponse" type choice, such as "no
opinion," "don't know," "not sure," or "not
applicable." Respondents must select a
response choice that provides a specific
answer to the survey item.
Rating interview-
The interviewing process often includes the use
of rating scales that the interviewers (also called
?raters?) use to evaluate the quality of the
interview and lead to some kind of
recommendation of the candidate for the job in
question.
Assess personality characteristicsof a subject on
a standardised rating scale.
Discusses worker?s achievement
? Situational tests: real life conditioning are
simulate
? Candidate?s spontaneous reactions will be
recorded
? It is done in a group and based on them
? It include role play, case studies, group
discussion

Types of situational test:
Derived from latin word socius ?social; metrum-
measure by Jacob L Moreno
Sociometry : the study of relationships within a
group of people.
Assess the positive and negative links between
persons within a group.
Sociometry is a way of measuring relationships
between people. Sociometric tests can include
variety of procedures used within social groups to
measure social status, popularity, peer
acceptance or rejection and reputation
Sociometry
? Used to evaluate group structure
? Measure amount of organization shown by
social group-sociometric test
? Made in respect to work, home , school
groups
? Determines position of each individual in a
group in which he has to function
CONSTRUCTION OF A SOCIOGRAM
A E F G
H
D
B I J
c K M
D is a star ?chosen by most of the members
J and g are unpopular
D serves as a bridge
ABCD has all channel communication
? Diagrammatic representation of patterns
showing interpersonal relationship
? This indicates choices, preferences, likes,
dislikes,interaction between individual
members in a group
? Gives a visual picture of sociometric structure
of a group
Various kinds of interaction in Sociometry test
? Social networks- a specific set of linkages among
defined set of people cluster
? Prescribed clusters- formal group within network
? Emergent clusters ? cluster of people who
temporarily align together to attain certain
objective
? Cliques- relatively permanent informal group
involving friendship
? Liaisons - individual who connect two or more
cluster but are no members of any cluster
? Bridges : connection as a linking pins by
belonging to two or more clusters
Importance of sociometry:
? Help to measure and build relationship
? Provide rich data
? Helps in group development
? Enhance group and individual perceptive
Psychodrama
?A body of philosophical, therapeutic,
educational, action based techniques-J.L
Moreno
- Action techniques in which individuals use
enactment to explore material that is
identified specific and personal to them.
Psychodrama is an action method, often used as
a psychotherapy, in which clients use
spontaneous dramatization, role playing, and
dramatic self-presentation to investigate and
gain insight into their lives.
Elements:
Stage- concrete situation within which protagonist story
can be brought to life
? Protagonist- is a person whose story is being enacted or
told. .
? the leading character or one of the major characters in a
play, film, novel, etc.
Director ? professional therapist who leads action and
planning.
He takes decisions involving what material
Auxiliary ego-is the position taken by other participants in a
role-playing exercise, or psychodrama, in order to simulate
particular situations for the protagonists.
role they take and what experience they bring to it.
Audience
Socio drama:
Variant of psychodrama
? A sociodrama is a dramatic play in which
several individuals spontaneously enact social
situations to understand situations more fully.
? Assign roles for the purpose of studying and
remedying problems in group or collective
relationships.
Enact various solutions to social problems.
? After each sociodrama, they have to debrief
an enactment and note what was learned.
? Brainstorm, problem solving and closure
Difference between Socio and
Psychodrama
PSYCHODRAMA SOCIOMETRY
EXPLORE INNER WORLD OF THE PERSON SOCIAL WORLD
INTRAPERSONAL INTERPERSONAL
Advantage of situational test:
Reveals personality characteristics
Superior to rating methods
Convenient
Useful in selection
Disadvantages:
Time consuming
Expensive
Personality inventories
? Francis Galton in 19
th
centaury
? Designed to assess the stable and enduring
characteristics of a person that may affect job
performance and workplace behavior.
? Inventories are known as questionnaires or scale
? Respondents are given list of statements in
standard order with fixed set of response
? Responses-assigned ratings to yield numerical
scores options
Types of inventories
? Bell adjustment inventory:
? Assesses individuals adjustment in variety of
situations
? Consists of 160 items & 4 subscales: home,
health, social, emotional
? High scores-poor adjustment; low scores-
better adjustment
Bernreuter test
? Robert G bernreuter-personality traits
? 125 questions-6 scales-B1N,B2S,B3-I,B4-D,F1C,
& F2S(BIPOLAR)
Personality characteristics of industrial and
other organisations
California Personality inventory
? *Created by Harrison Dough in 1956
? Purpose-to measure and evaluate an individual?s
interpersonal behavior and social interaction
? 434-true-false questions;18 scales
1. Measure of poise, ascendancy, self assurance and
interpersonal adequacy
2. Measure of socialization ,responsibility, intrapersonal
values, and character
3. Measure of achievement potiential & intellectual
efficiency
4. Measure of intellectual modes and interest modes
Minnesota personality scale
? Has separate forms for men and women
? Rates following aspects of personality
1. Morale
2. Social adjustment
3. Family relations
4. Emotionability-degree of stability
5. Used for last 2yrs of high school, college and
sometimes adults
6. Five choices-agree, strongly agree, undecided,
disagree,strongly disagree
? Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory
? 550 items, item is printed on separate card
? Inventory-indicates personality traits of the
individual
? One has to respond to questions with answers
?yes, no ,doubtful in the box provided.
? Responses are evaluated
Cornell index
? Standardised questionnaire for males only
? 101 items fall into 2 categories
1. Those differentiating sharply between persons
with serious personality disorders
(Does worrying continually get you down)
2. Those concerned with bodily symptoms-trouble
with food digestion
Response should be ?yes or no?
Effective in showing presence of anxiety states,
migraine,peptic ulcers, convulsive disorders,
asthma
Myer?briggs?type?indicator
? Based?on?Carl?jung?s?theory?of?personality
? Useful?in?promoting?personal?growth,?self?awareness,?
leadership?skills,?team?building,?career?development,?and?
improved?interpersonal?skills.
? Yields?scores?on?4??bipolar?dimensions:
1. Introversion-extroversion
2. Sensing-intuition- Sensing?and? intuition?are?the?
information-gathering?(perceiving)?functions.
3. Thinking-feeling-are?the?decision-making?(judging)?
functions.?Based?on?the?data?received?from?their?
information-gathering?functions
Subjective Objective
Perception Intuition/Sensing
Judging Feeling/Thinking
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
? The?general?intelligence,? g,?influences?the?
performance?on?all?mental?tasks,?while?another?
component?influences?abilities?on?a?particular?
task.
[7]
? Raven's Progressive Matrices?(often?referred?to?simply?as?Raven's
Matrices)?or?RPM?is?a?nonverbal?group?test?typically?used?in?
educational?settings.
? ?It?is?usually?a?60-item?test?used?in?measuring?abstract?reasoning?and?
regarded?as?a?non-verbal?estimate?of?fluid?intelligence.
[
? 1]
?It?is?the?most?common?and?popular?test?administered?to?groups?
ranging?from?5-year-olds?to?the?elderly.
[2]
? ?It?is?made?of?60?multiple?choice?questions,?listed?in?order?of?
difficulty.
[2
? ]
?This?format?is?designed?to?measure?the?test?taker's?reasoning?ability,?
the?eductive?("meaning-making")?component?of?Spearman's? g?( g?is?
often?referred?to?as?general?intelligence).?
? The?tests?were?originally?developed?by?John?C.?Raven?in?1936.
[3]
?In?
each?test?item,?the?subject?is?asked?to?identify?the?missing?element?
that?completes?a?pattern.
? ?Many?patterns?are?presented?in?the?form?of?a?6?6,?4?4,?3?3,?or?
2?2?matrix,?giving?the?test?its?name.
? All of the questions on the Raven's progressives
consist of visual geometric design with a missing
piece. The test taker is given six to eight choices to
pick from and fill in the missing piece.
[4]
? An IQ test item in the style of a Raven's
Progressive Matrices test. Given eight patterns,
the subject must identify the missing ninth
pattern
The Matrices are available in three different forms
for participants of different ability:
? Standard Progressive Matrices-This was
developed to assess a person?s intellectual ability
at the time of testing him with design or patterns.
? Person has to find relation between designs and
perform task. The booklet comprises five sets (A
to E) of 12 items each (e.g., A1 through A12),
? A and B-6 piece designs
? B & c-8 pieces of design. All items are presented
in black ink on a white background
? Coloured Progressive Matrices-Designed for
children aged 5 through 11 years-of-age, the
elderly, and mentally and physically impaired
individual participants.
? Tests the intellectual capacity of young
children and people.
? Coloured progressive matrixes-assess a
persons capacity of level of observation and
clear thinking
? This is a language free test
? The scale has two sets A and b and ab set
Advanced Progressive Matrices
? ?Persons?who?are?above?11?years?and?those?
who?are?above?average?in?mental?ability.
? Time?limit
? The?first?set?has?12?problems,2
nd
?set?contains?
48?items,?presented?as?one?set?of?12?(set?I),?
and?another?of?36?(set?II).?
Difference between individual test and
group test
Basic difference Individual test Group test
Sample size Small sample Ultra large samples
Format Open ended Multi choice
Examiner's role Significant role, Minimal role
Time factors More time consuming Less time consuming
Physical & personality test
? Physical abilities use tasks or abilities that
require physical ability to perform
? Measure physical attributes and characteristics
? Personality Assessment test:
? Personality means how people affect othersand
how they understand and view themselves as
well as their pattern of inner and outer
measurable traits and person situation
interaction
? Not a single characteristic; multidimensional in
nature with many interacting elements
Personality?assessment?test
? A?personality? test?is? a? questionnaire? or? other?
standardized? instrument? designed? to? reveal?
aspects? of? an? individual's? character? or?
psychological? makeup.? The? first?personality?
tests?were? developed? in? the? 1920s? and? were?
intended? to? ease? the? process? of? personnel?
selection,?particularly?in?the?armed?forces.?
? the?combination?of?characteristics?or?qualities?
that?form?an?individual's?distinctive?character.
Measuring personality:
? Personality rating methods
? Personality inventories
? Situational tests
? Projective methods
Personality rating methods
? Rating is a term applied or judgment regarding
some situation, object or character. Opinion
are usually expresses on a scale of values.
Rating techniques are derive which such
judgements may be quantified.
Rating scales:
?is a selected list of words , phrases , sentences or para
following which an observer records value or rating based
upon objective scale of values
? A rating scale is an instrument i.e. A list of questions
that is set to enable the reviewer to indicate the, size
or intensity of the underlying characteristics of a
person.
? Description of the characteristics ?clarity-rate
? Items on each scale must b described in such a way-to
know what they mean
? Items should be described in terms of behaviour
? The description of the personality
characteristic must be clear and we defined
? The item on each scale end must be described
? It should be concrete behaviour
Types?of?rating?scale:?
- Graphic?scale?
- A?straight?line?is?drawn?and?divided?into?many?parts?.?
Each?part-number?of?adjectives?are?written.
- Evaluator?has?to?mark?any?of?these.
- Length?of?the?line-5?inches
- 3-5?adjectives?are?used
- Division?on?the?line?should?be?equidistant
- Graphic?Rating?Scale?is?a?type?of?performance?
appraisal?method.?In?this?method?traits?or?behaviours?
that?are?important?for?effective?performance?are?listed?
out?and?each?employee?is?rated?against?these?traits.?
The?rating?helps?employers?to?quantify?the?behaviours?
displayed?by?its?employees.
? Numerical scale:
Marks as associated with certain indicators.
Data that are counted or measured using a
numerically defined method are called
numerical (quantitative).
Three point, five point seven point scale
? Ranking?order:?Statistical?technique,?rank?are?mentioned?in?the?
descending?order.?
? A?Rank?Order?scale?gives?the?respondent?a?set?of?items?and?asks?
them?to?put?the?items?in?some?form?oforder.?The?measure?of?
'order'?can?include?such?as?preference,?importance,?liking,?
effectiveness?and?so?on.?The?order?is?often?a?simple?ordinal?
structure?(A?is?higher?than?B)
? Paired?comparison?scale???each?person?compared?with?other?in?the?
group?
? The?Paired?Comparison?Scaling?is?a?comparative?scaling?technique?
wherein?the?respondent?is?shown?two?objects?at?the?same?time?and?
is?asked?to?select?one?according?to?the?defined?criterion.?
Rank order
Paired comparision
Forced choice scale
Forced choiced scale
? Forced choice refers to a specific format for
response options in survey questionnaires. In
a forced choice format, respondents are not
given a specific option to reflect a
"nonresponse" type choice, such as "no
opinion," "don't know," "not sure," or "not
applicable." Respondents must select a
response choice that provides a specific
answer to the survey item.
Rating interview-
The interviewing process often includes the use
of rating scales that the interviewers (also called
?raters?) use to evaluate the quality of the
interview and lead to some kind of
recommendation of the candidate for the job in
question.
Assess personality characteristicsof a subject on
a standardised rating scale.
Discusses worker?s achievement
? Situational tests: real life conditioning are
simulate
? Candidate?s spontaneous reactions will be
recorded
? It is done in a group and based on them
? It include role play, case studies, group
discussion

Types of situational test:
Derived from latin word socius ?social; metrum-
measure by Jacob L Moreno
Sociometry : the study of relationships within a
group of people.
Assess the positive and negative links between
persons within a group.
Sociometry is a way of measuring relationships
between people. Sociometric tests can include
variety of procedures used within social groups to
measure social status, popularity, peer
acceptance or rejection and reputation
Sociometry
? Used to evaluate group structure
? Measure amount of organization shown by
social group-sociometric test
? Made in respect to work, home , school
groups
? Determines position of each individual in a
group in which he has to function
CONSTRUCTION OF A SOCIOGRAM
A E F G
H
D
B I J
c K M
D is a star ?chosen by most of the members
J and g are unpopular
D serves as a bridge
ABCD has all channel communication
? Diagrammatic representation of patterns
showing interpersonal relationship
? This indicates choices, preferences, likes,
dislikes,interaction between individual
members in a group
? Gives a visual picture of sociometric structure
of a group
Various kinds of interaction in Sociometry test
? Social networks- a specific set of linkages among
defined set of people cluster
? Prescribed clusters- formal group within network
? Emergent clusters ? cluster of people who
temporarily align together to attain certain
objective
? Cliques- relatively permanent informal group
involving friendship
? Liaisons - individual who connect two or more
cluster but are no members of any cluster
? Bridges : connection as a linking pins by
belonging to two or more clusters
Importance of sociometry:
? Help to measure and build relationship
? Provide rich data
? Helps in group development
? Enhance group and individual perceptive
Psychodrama
?A body of philosophical, therapeutic,
educational, action based techniques-J.L
Moreno
- Action techniques in which individuals use
enactment to explore material that is
identified specific and personal to them.
Psychodrama is an action method, often used as
a psychotherapy, in which clients use
spontaneous dramatization, role playing, and
dramatic self-presentation to investigate and
gain insight into their lives.
Elements:
Stage- concrete situation within which protagonist story
can be brought to life
? Protagonist- is a person whose story is being enacted or
told. .
? the leading character or one of the major characters in a
play, film, novel, etc.
Director ? professional therapist who leads action and
planning.
He takes decisions involving what material
Auxiliary ego-is the position taken by other participants in a
role-playing exercise, or psychodrama, in order to simulate
particular situations for the protagonists.
role they take and what experience they bring to it.
Audience
Socio drama:
Variant of psychodrama
? A sociodrama is a dramatic play in which
several individuals spontaneously enact social
situations to understand situations more fully.
? Assign roles for the purpose of studying and
remedying problems in group or collective
relationships.
Enact various solutions to social problems.
? After each sociodrama, they have to debrief
an enactment and note what was learned.
? Brainstorm, problem solving and closure
Difference between Socio and
Psychodrama
PSYCHODRAMA SOCIOMETRY
EXPLORE INNER WORLD OF THE PERSON SOCIAL WORLD
INTRAPERSONAL INTERPERSONAL
Advantage of situational test:
Reveals personality characteristics
Superior to rating methods
Convenient
Useful in selection
Disadvantages:
Time consuming
Expensive
Personality inventories
? Francis Galton in 19
th
centaury
? Designed to assess the stable and enduring
characteristics of a person that may affect job
performance and workplace behavior.
? Inventories are known as questionnaires or scale
? Respondents are given list of statements in
standard order with fixed set of response
? Responses-assigned ratings to yield numerical
scores options
Types of inventories
? Bell adjustment inventory:
? Assesses individuals adjustment in variety of
situations
? Consists of 160 items & 4 subscales: home,
health, social, emotional
? High scores-poor adjustment; low scores-
better adjustment
Bernreuter test
? Robert G bernreuter-personality traits
? 125 questions-6 scales-B1N,B2S,B3-I,B4-D,F1C,
& F2S(BIPOLAR)
Personality characteristics of industrial and
other organisations
California Personality inventory
? *Created by Harrison Dough in 1956
? Purpose-to measure and evaluate an individual?s
interpersonal behavior and social interaction
? 434-true-false questions;18 scales
1. Measure of poise, ascendancy, self assurance and
interpersonal adequacy
2. Measure of socialization ,responsibility, intrapersonal
values, and character
3. Measure of achievement potiential & intellectual
efficiency
4. Measure of intellectual modes and interest modes
Minnesota personality scale
? Has separate forms for men and women
? Rates following aspects of personality
1. Morale
2. Social adjustment
3. Family relations
4. Emotionability-degree of stability
5. Used for last 2yrs of high school, college and
sometimes adults
6. Five choices-agree, strongly agree, undecided,
disagree,strongly disagree
? Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory
? 550 items, item is printed on separate card
? Inventory-indicates personality traits of the
individual
? One has to respond to questions with answers
?yes, no ,doubtful in the box provided.
? Responses are evaluated
Cornell index
? Standardised questionnaire for males only
? 101 items fall into 2 categories
1. Those differentiating sharply between persons
with serious personality disorders
(Does worrying continually get you down)
2. Those concerned with bodily symptoms-trouble
with food digestion
Response should be ?yes or no?
Effective in showing presence of anxiety states,
migraine,peptic ulcers, convulsive disorders,
asthma
Myer?briggs?type?indicator
? Based?on?Carl?jung?s?theory?of?personality
? Useful?in?promoting?personal?growth,?self?awareness,?
leadership?skills,?team?building,?career?development,?and?
improved?interpersonal?skills.
? Yields?scores?on?4??bipolar?dimensions:
1. Introversion-extroversion
2. Sensing-intuition- Sensing?and? intuition?are?the?
information-gathering?(perceiving)?functions.
3. Thinking-feeling-are?the?decision-making?(judging)?
functions.?Based?on?the?data?received?from?their?
information-gathering?functions
Subjective Objective
Perception Intuition/Sensing
Judging Feeling/Thinking
? Introversion?(thinking?things?through)?more?than?Extraversion?
(interacting?with?people)
? Sensing?(perceiving?tangible?facts)?more?than?iNtuition?
(perceiving?new?possibilities)
? Feeling?(making?decisions?using?subjective?values)?more?than?
Thinking?(making?decisions?using?objective?logic)
? Judgement?(an?organised?lifestyle)?more?than?Perception?(a?
flexible?lifestyle)
ISTJ ISFJ INFJ INTJ
ISTP ISFP INFP INTP
ESTP ESFP ENFP ENTP
ESTJ ESFJ ENFJ ENTJ
Myers-Briggs Types
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
? The?general?intelligence,? g,?influences?the?
performance?on?all?mental?tasks,?while?another?
component?influences?abilities?on?a?particular?
task.
[7]
? Raven's Progressive Matrices?(often?referred?to?simply?as?Raven's
Matrices)?or?RPM?is?a?nonverbal?group?test?typically?used?in?
educational?settings.
? ?It?is?usually?a?60-item?test?used?in?measuring?abstract?reasoning?and?
regarded?as?a?non-verbal?estimate?of?fluid?intelligence.
[
? 1]
?It?is?the?most?common?and?popular?test?administered?to?groups?
ranging?from?5-year-olds?to?the?elderly.
[2]
? ?It?is?made?of?60?multiple?choice?questions,?listed?in?order?of?
difficulty.
[2
? ]
?This?format?is?designed?to?measure?the?test?taker's?reasoning?ability,?
the?eductive?("meaning-making")?component?of?Spearman's? g?( g?is?
often?referred?to?as?general?intelligence).?
? The?tests?were?originally?developed?by?John?C.?Raven?in?1936.
[3]
?In?
each?test?item,?the?subject?is?asked?to?identify?the?missing?element?
that?completes?a?pattern.
? ?Many?patterns?are?presented?in?the?form?of?a?6?6,?4?4,?3?3,?or?
2?2?matrix,?giving?the?test?its?name.
? All of the questions on the Raven's progressives
consist of visual geometric design with a missing
piece. The test taker is given six to eight choices to
pick from and fill in the missing piece.
[4]
? An IQ test item in the style of a Raven's
Progressive Matrices test. Given eight patterns,
the subject must identify the missing ninth
pattern
The Matrices are available in three different forms
for participants of different ability:
? Standard Progressive Matrices-This was
developed to assess a person?s intellectual ability
at the time of testing him with design or patterns.
? Person has to find relation between designs and
perform task. The booklet comprises five sets (A
to E) of 12 items each (e.g., A1 through A12),
? A and B-6 piece designs
? B & c-8 pieces of design. All items are presented
in black ink on a white background
? Coloured Progressive Matrices-Designed for
children aged 5 through 11 years-of-age, the
elderly, and mentally and physically impaired
individual participants.
? Tests the intellectual capacity of young
children and people.
? Coloured progressive matrixes-assess a
persons capacity of level of observation and
clear thinking
? This is a language free test
? The scale has two sets A and b and ab set
Advanced Progressive Matrices
? ?Persons?who?are?above?11?years?and?those?
who?are?above?average?in?mental?ability.
? Time?limit
? The?first?set?has?12?problems,2
nd
?set?contains?
48?items,?presented?as?one?set?of?12?(set?I),?
and?another?of?36?(set?II).?
Difference between individual test and
group test
Basic difference Individual test Group test
Sample size Small sample Ultra large samples
Format Open ended Multi choice
Examiner's role Significant role, Minimal role
Time factors More time consuming Less time consuming
Physical & personality test
? Physical abilities use tasks or abilities that
require physical ability to perform
? Measure physical attributes and characteristics
? Personality Assessment test:
? Personality means how people affect othersand
how they understand and view themselves as
well as their pattern of inner and outer
measurable traits and person situation
interaction
? Not a single characteristic; multidimensional in
nature with many interacting elements
Personality?assessment?test
? A?personality? test?is? a? questionnaire? or? other?
standardized? instrument? designed? to? reveal?
aspects? of? an? individual's? character? or?
psychological? makeup.? The? first?personality?
tests?were? developed? in? the? 1920s? and? were?
intended? to? ease? the? process? of? personnel?
selection,?particularly?in?the?armed?forces.?
? the?combination?of?characteristics?or?qualities?
that?form?an?individual's?distinctive?character.
Measuring personality:
? Personality rating methods
? Personality inventories
? Situational tests
? Projective methods
Personality rating methods
? Rating is a term applied or judgment regarding
some situation, object or character. Opinion
are usually expresses on a scale of values.
Rating techniques are derive which such
judgements may be quantified.
Rating scales:
?is a selected list of words , phrases , sentences or para
following which an observer records value or rating based
upon objective scale of values
? A rating scale is an instrument i.e. A list of questions
that is set to enable the reviewer to indicate the, size
or intensity of the underlying characteristics of a
person.
? Description of the characteristics ?clarity-rate
? Items on each scale must b described in such a way-to
know what they mean
? Items should be described in terms of behaviour
? The description of the personality
characteristic must be clear and we defined
? The item on each scale end must be described
? It should be concrete behaviour
Types?of?rating?scale:?
- Graphic?scale?
- A?straight?line?is?drawn?and?divided?into?many?parts?.?
Each?part-number?of?adjectives?are?written.
- Evaluator?has?to?mark?any?of?these.
- Length?of?the?line-5?inches
- 3-5?adjectives?are?used
- Division?on?the?line?should?be?equidistant
- Graphic?Rating?Scale?is?a?type?of?performance?
appraisal?method.?In?this?method?traits?or?behaviours?
that?are?important?for?effective?performance?are?listed?
out?and?each?employee?is?rated?against?these?traits.?
The?rating?helps?employers?to?quantify?the?behaviours?
displayed?by?its?employees.
? Numerical scale:
Marks as associated with certain indicators.
Data that are counted or measured using a
numerically defined method are called
numerical (quantitative).
Three point, five point seven point scale
? Ranking?order:?Statistical?technique,?rank?are?mentioned?in?the?
descending?order.?
? A?Rank?Order?scale?gives?the?respondent?a?set?of?items?and?asks?
them?to?put?the?items?in?some?form?oforder.?The?measure?of?
'order'?can?include?such?as?preference,?importance,?liking,?
effectiveness?and?so?on.?The?order?is?often?a?simple?ordinal?
structure?(A?is?higher?than?B)
? Paired?comparison?scale???each?person?compared?with?other?in?the?
group?
? The?Paired?Comparison?Scaling?is?a?comparative?scaling?technique?
wherein?the?respondent?is?shown?two?objects?at?the?same?time?and?
is?asked?to?select?one?according?to?the?defined?criterion.?
Rank order
Paired comparision
Forced choice scale
Forced choiced scale
? Forced choice refers to a specific format for
response options in survey questionnaires. In
a forced choice format, respondents are not
given a specific option to reflect a
"nonresponse" type choice, such as "no
opinion," "don't know," "not sure," or "not
applicable." Respondents must select a
response choice that provides a specific
answer to the survey item.
Rating interview-
The interviewing process often includes the use
of rating scales that the interviewers (also called
?raters?) use to evaluate the quality of the
interview and lead to some kind of
recommendation of the candidate for the job in
question.
Assess personality characteristicsof a subject on
a standardised rating scale.
Discusses worker?s achievement
? Situational tests: real life conditioning are
simulate
? Candidate?s spontaneous reactions will be
recorded
? It is done in a group and based on them
? It include role play, case studies, group
discussion

Types of situational test:
Derived from latin word socius ?social; metrum-
measure by Jacob L Moreno
Sociometry : the study of relationships within a
group of people.
Assess the positive and negative links between
persons within a group.
Sociometry is a way of measuring relationships
between people. Sociometric tests can include
variety of procedures used within social groups to
measure social status, popularity, peer
acceptance or rejection and reputation
Sociometry
? Used to evaluate group structure
? Measure amount of organization shown by
social group-sociometric test
? Made in respect to work, home , school
groups
? Determines position of each individual in a
group in which he has to function
CONSTRUCTION OF A SOCIOGRAM
A E F G
H
D
B I J
c K M
D is a star ?chosen by most of the members
J and g are unpopular
D serves as a bridge
ABCD has all channel communication
? Diagrammatic representation of patterns
showing interpersonal relationship
? This indicates choices, preferences, likes,
dislikes,interaction between individual
members in a group
? Gives a visual picture of sociometric structure
of a group
Various kinds of interaction in Sociometry test
? Social networks- a specific set of linkages among
defined set of people cluster
? Prescribed clusters- formal group within network
? Emergent clusters ? cluster of people who
temporarily align together to attain certain
objective
? Cliques- relatively permanent informal group
involving friendship
? Liaisons - individual who connect two or more
cluster but are no members of any cluster
? Bridges : connection as a linking pins by
belonging to two or more clusters
Importance of sociometry:
? Help to measure and build relationship
? Provide rich data
? Helps in group development
? Enhance group and individual perceptive
Psychodrama
?A body of philosophical, therapeutic,
educational, action based techniques-J.L
Moreno
- Action techniques in which individuals use
enactment to explore material that is
identified specific and personal to them.
Psychodrama is an action method, often used as
a psychotherapy, in which clients use
spontaneous dramatization, role playing, and
dramatic self-presentation to investigate and
gain insight into their lives.
Elements:
Stage- concrete situation within which protagonist story
can be brought to life
? Protagonist- is a person whose story is being enacted or
told. .
? the leading character or one of the major characters in a
play, film, novel, etc.
Director ? professional therapist who leads action and
planning.
He takes decisions involving what material
Auxiliary ego-is the position taken by other participants in a
role-playing exercise, or psychodrama, in order to simulate
particular situations for the protagonists.
role they take and what experience they bring to it.
Audience
Socio drama:
Variant of psychodrama
? A sociodrama is a dramatic play in which
several individuals spontaneously enact social
situations to understand situations more fully.
? Assign roles for the purpose of studying and
remedying problems in group or collective
relationships.
Enact various solutions to social problems.
? After each sociodrama, they have to debrief
an enactment and note what was learned.
? Brainstorm, problem solving and closure
Difference between Socio and
Psychodrama
PSYCHODRAMA SOCIOMETRY
EXPLORE INNER WORLD OF THE PERSON SOCIAL WORLD
INTRAPERSONAL INTERPERSONAL
Advantage of situational test:
Reveals personality characteristics
Superior to rating methods
Convenient
Useful in selection
Disadvantages:
Time consuming
Expensive
Personality inventories
? Francis Galton in 19
th
centaury
? Designed to assess the stable and enduring
characteristics of a person that may affect job
performance and workplace behavior.
? Inventories are known as questionnaires or scale
? Respondents are given list of statements in
standard order with fixed set of response
? Responses-assigned ratings to yield numerical
scores options
Types of inventories
? Bell adjustment inventory:
? Assesses individuals adjustment in variety of
situations
? Consists of 160 items & 4 subscales: home,
health, social, emotional
? High scores-poor adjustment; low scores-
better adjustment
Bernreuter test
? Robert G bernreuter-personality traits
? 125 questions-6 scales-B1N,B2S,B3-I,B4-D,F1C,
& F2S(BIPOLAR)
Personality characteristics of industrial and
other organisations
California Personality inventory
? *Created by Harrison Dough in 1956
? Purpose-to measure and evaluate an individual?s
interpersonal behavior and social interaction
? 434-true-false questions;18 scales
1. Measure of poise, ascendancy, self assurance and
interpersonal adequacy
2. Measure of socialization ,responsibility, intrapersonal
values, and character
3. Measure of achievement potiential & intellectual
efficiency
4. Measure of intellectual modes and interest modes
Minnesota personality scale
? Has separate forms for men and women
? Rates following aspects of personality
1. Morale
2. Social adjustment
3. Family relations
4. Emotionability-degree of stability
5. Used for last 2yrs of high school, college and
sometimes adults
6. Five choices-agree, strongly agree, undecided,
disagree,strongly disagree
? Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory
? 550 items, item is printed on separate card
? Inventory-indicates personality traits of the
individual
? One has to respond to questions with answers
?yes, no ,doubtful in the box provided.
? Responses are evaluated
Cornell index
? Standardised questionnaire for males only
? 101 items fall into 2 categories
1. Those differentiating sharply between persons
with serious personality disorders
(Does worrying continually get you down)
2. Those concerned with bodily symptoms-trouble
with food digestion
Response should be ?yes or no?
Effective in showing presence of anxiety states,
migraine,peptic ulcers, convulsive disorders,
asthma
Myer?briggs?type?indicator
? Based?on?Carl?jung?s?theory?of?personality
? Useful?in?promoting?personal?growth,?self?awareness,?
leadership?skills,?team?building,?career?development,?and?
improved?interpersonal?skills.
? Yields?scores?on?4??bipolar?dimensions:
1. Introversion-extroversion
2. Sensing-intuition- Sensing?and? intuition?are?the?
information-gathering?(perceiving)?functions.
3. Thinking-feeling-are?the?decision-making?(judging)?
functions.?Based?on?the?data?received?from?their?
information-gathering?functions
Subjective Objective
Perception Intuition/Sensing
Judging Feeling/Thinking
? Introversion?(thinking?things?through)?more?than?Extraversion?
(interacting?with?people)
? Sensing?(perceiving?tangible?facts)?more?than?iNtuition?
(perceiving?new?possibilities)
? Feeling?(making?decisions?using?subjective?values)?more?than?
Thinking?(making?decisions?using?objective?logic)
? Judgement?(an?organised?lifestyle)?more?than?Perception?(a?
flexible?lifestyle)
ISTJ ISFJ INFJ INTJ
ISTP ISFP INFP INTP
ESTP ESFP ENFP ENTP
ESTJ ESFJ ENFJ ENTJ
Myers-Briggs Types
Projective?methods
? A? projective?test?is?a?personality?test?designed?to?
let?a?person?respond?to?ambiguous?stimuli,?
presumably?revealing?hidden?emotions?and?
internal?conflicts?projected?by?the?person?into?the?
test
? Assess?the?way?people?respond?and?interpret?
inkblote?and?pictures?in?which?motives?and?
feelings?are?not?clear.
? This?is?a?sign?of?projection?of?their?own?
uncontrollable?feelings,?emotion,?personality??
characteristics
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
? The?general?intelligence,? g,?influences?the?
performance?on?all?mental?tasks,?while?another?
component?influences?abilities?on?a?particular?
task.
[7]
? Raven's Progressive Matrices?(often?referred?to?simply?as?Raven's
Matrices)?or?RPM?is?a?nonverbal?group?test?typically?used?in?
educational?settings.
? ?It?is?usually?a?60-item?test?used?in?measuring?abstract?reasoning?and?
regarded?as?a?non-verbal?estimate?of?fluid?intelligence.
[
? 1]
?It?is?the?most?common?and?popular?test?administered?to?groups?
ranging?from?5-year-olds?to?the?elderly.
[2]
? ?It?is?made?of?60?multiple?choice?questions,?listed?in?order?of?
difficulty.
[2
? ]
?This?format?is?designed?to?measure?the?test?taker's?reasoning?ability,?
the?eductive?("meaning-making")?component?of?Spearman's? g?( g?is?
often?referred?to?as?general?intelligence).?
? The?tests?were?originally?developed?by?John?C.?Raven?in?1936.
[3]
?In?
each?test?item,?the?subject?is?asked?to?identify?the?missing?element?
that?completes?a?pattern.
? ?Many?patterns?are?presented?in?the?form?of?a?6?6,?4?4,?3?3,?or?
2?2?matrix,?giving?the?test?its?name.
? All of the questions on the Raven's progressives
consist of visual geometric design with a missing
piece. The test taker is given six to eight choices to
pick from and fill in the missing piece.
[4]
? An IQ test item in the style of a Raven's
Progressive Matrices test. Given eight patterns,
the subject must identify the missing ninth
pattern
The Matrices are available in three different forms
for participants of different ability:
? Standard Progressive Matrices-This was
developed to assess a person?s intellectual ability
at the time of testing him with design or patterns.
? Person has to find relation between designs and
perform task. The booklet comprises five sets (A
to E) of 12 items each (e.g., A1 through A12),
? A and B-6 piece designs
? B & c-8 pieces of design. All items are presented
in black ink on a white background
? Coloured Progressive Matrices-Designed for
children aged 5 through 11 years-of-age, the
elderly, and mentally and physically impaired
individual participants.
? Tests the intellectual capacity of young
children and people.
? Coloured progressive matrixes-assess a
persons capacity of level of observation and
clear thinking
? This is a language free test
? The scale has two sets A and b and ab set
Advanced Progressive Matrices
? ?Persons?who?are?above?11?years?and?those?
who?are?above?average?in?mental?ability.
? Time?limit
? The?first?set?has?12?problems,2
nd
?set?contains?
48?items,?presented?as?one?set?of?12?(set?I),?
and?another?of?36?(set?II).?
Difference between individual test and
group test
Basic difference Individual test Group test
Sample size Small sample Ultra large samples
Format Open ended Multi choice
Examiner's role Significant role, Minimal role
Time factors More time consuming Less time consuming
Physical & personality test
? Physical abilities use tasks or abilities that
require physical ability to perform
? Measure physical attributes and characteristics
? Personality Assessment test:
? Personality means how people affect othersand
how they understand and view themselves as
well as their pattern of inner and outer
measurable traits and person situation
interaction
? Not a single characteristic; multidimensional in
nature with many interacting elements
Personality?assessment?test
? A?personality? test?is? a? questionnaire? or? other?
standardized? instrument? designed? to? reveal?
aspects? of? an? individual's? character? or?
psychological? makeup.? The? first?personality?
tests?were? developed? in? the? 1920s? and? were?
intended? to? ease? the? process? of? personnel?
selection,?particularly?in?the?armed?forces.?
? the?combination?of?characteristics?or?qualities?
that?form?an?individual's?distinctive?character.
Measuring personality:
? Personality rating methods
? Personality inventories
? Situational tests
? Projective methods
Personality rating methods
? Rating is a term applied or judgment regarding
some situation, object or character. Opinion
are usually expresses on a scale of values.
Rating techniques are derive which such
judgements may be quantified.
Rating scales:
?is a selected list of words , phrases , sentences or para
following which an observer records value or rating based
upon objective scale of values
? A rating scale is an instrument i.e. A list of questions
that is set to enable the reviewer to indicate the, size
or intensity of the underlying characteristics of a
person.
? Description of the characteristics ?clarity-rate
? Items on each scale must b described in such a way-to
know what they mean
? Items should be described in terms of behaviour
? The description of the personality
characteristic must be clear and we defined
? The item on each scale end must be described
? It should be concrete behaviour
Types?of?rating?scale:?
- Graphic?scale?
- A?straight?line?is?drawn?and?divided?into?many?parts?.?
Each?part-number?of?adjectives?are?written.
- Evaluator?has?to?mark?any?of?these.
- Length?of?the?line-5?inches
- 3-5?adjectives?are?used
- Division?on?the?line?should?be?equidistant
- Graphic?Rating?Scale?is?a?type?of?performance?
appraisal?method.?In?this?method?traits?or?behaviours?
that?are?important?for?effective?performance?are?listed?
out?and?each?employee?is?rated?against?these?traits.?
The?rating?helps?employers?to?quantify?the?behaviours?
displayed?by?its?employees.
? Numerical scale:
Marks as associated with certain indicators.
Data that are counted or measured using a
numerically defined method are called
numerical (quantitative).
Three point, five point seven point scale
? Ranking?order:?Statistical?technique,?rank?are?mentioned?in?the?
descending?order.?
? A?Rank?Order?scale?gives?the?respondent?a?set?of?items?and?asks?
them?to?put?the?items?in?some?form?oforder.?The?measure?of?
'order'?can?include?such?as?preference,?importance,?liking,?
effectiveness?and?so?on.?The?order?is?often?a?simple?ordinal?
structure?(A?is?higher?than?B)
? Paired?comparison?scale???each?person?compared?with?other?in?the?
group?
? The?Paired?Comparison?Scaling?is?a?comparative?scaling?technique?
wherein?the?respondent?is?shown?two?objects?at?the?same?time?and?
is?asked?to?select?one?according?to?the?defined?criterion.?
Rank order
Paired comparision
Forced choice scale
Forced choiced scale
? Forced choice refers to a specific format for
response options in survey questionnaires. In
a forced choice format, respondents are not
given a specific option to reflect a
"nonresponse" type choice, such as "no
opinion," "don't know," "not sure," or "not
applicable." Respondents must select a
response choice that provides a specific
answer to the survey item.
Rating interview-
The interviewing process often includes the use
of rating scales that the interviewers (also called
?raters?) use to evaluate the quality of the
interview and lead to some kind of
recommendation of the candidate for the job in
question.
Assess personality characteristicsof a subject on
a standardised rating scale.
Discusses worker?s achievement
? Situational tests: real life conditioning are
simulate
? Candidate?s spontaneous reactions will be
recorded
? It is done in a group and based on them
? It include role play, case studies, group
discussion

Types of situational test:
Derived from latin word socius ?social; metrum-
measure by Jacob L Moreno
Sociometry : the study of relationships within a
group of people.
Assess the positive and negative links between
persons within a group.
Sociometry is a way of measuring relationships
between people. Sociometric tests can include
variety of procedures used within social groups to
measure social status, popularity, peer
acceptance or rejection and reputation
Sociometry
? Used to evaluate group structure
? Measure amount of organization shown by
social group-sociometric test
? Made in respect to work, home , school
groups
? Determines position of each individual in a
group in which he has to function
CONSTRUCTION OF A SOCIOGRAM
A E F G
H
D
B I J
c K M
D is a star ?chosen by most of the members
J and g are unpopular
D serves as a bridge
ABCD has all channel communication
? Diagrammatic representation of patterns
showing interpersonal relationship
? This indicates choices, preferences, likes,
dislikes,interaction between individual
members in a group
? Gives a visual picture of sociometric structure
of a group
Various kinds of interaction in Sociometry test
? Social networks- a specific set of linkages among
defined set of people cluster
? Prescribed clusters- formal group within network
? Emergent clusters ? cluster of people who
temporarily align together to attain certain
objective
? Cliques- relatively permanent informal group
involving friendship
? Liaisons - individual who connect two or more
cluster but are no members of any cluster
? Bridges : connection as a linking pins by
belonging to two or more clusters
Importance of sociometry:
? Help to measure and build relationship
? Provide rich data
? Helps in group development
? Enhance group and individual perceptive
Psychodrama
?A body of philosophical, therapeutic,
educational, action based techniques-J.L
Moreno
- Action techniques in which individuals use
enactment to explore material that is
identified specific and personal to them.
Psychodrama is an action method, often used as
a psychotherapy, in which clients use
spontaneous dramatization, role playing, and
dramatic self-presentation to investigate and
gain insight into their lives.
Elements:
Stage- concrete situation within which protagonist story
can be brought to life
? Protagonist- is a person whose story is being enacted or
told. .
? the leading character or one of the major characters in a
play, film, novel, etc.
Director ? professional therapist who leads action and
planning.
He takes decisions involving what material
Auxiliary ego-is the position taken by other participants in a
role-playing exercise, or psychodrama, in order to simulate
particular situations for the protagonists.
role they take and what experience they bring to it.
Audience
Socio drama:
Variant of psychodrama
? A sociodrama is a dramatic play in which
several individuals spontaneously enact social
situations to understand situations more fully.
? Assign roles for the purpose of studying and
remedying problems in group or collective
relationships.
Enact various solutions to social problems.
? After each sociodrama, they have to debrief
an enactment and note what was learned.
? Brainstorm, problem solving and closure
Difference between Socio and
Psychodrama
PSYCHODRAMA SOCIOMETRY
EXPLORE INNER WORLD OF THE PERSON SOCIAL WORLD
INTRAPERSONAL INTERPERSONAL
Advantage of situational test:
Reveals personality characteristics
Superior to rating methods
Convenient
Useful in selection
Disadvantages:
Time consuming
Expensive
Personality inventories
? Francis Galton in 19
th
centaury
? Designed to assess the stable and enduring
characteristics of a person that may affect job
performance and workplace behavior.
? Inventories are known as questionnaires or scale
? Respondents are given list of statements in
standard order with fixed set of response
? Responses-assigned ratings to yield numerical
scores options
Types of inventories
? Bell adjustment inventory:
? Assesses individuals adjustment in variety of
situations
? Consists of 160 items & 4 subscales: home,
health, social, emotional
? High scores-poor adjustment; low scores-
better adjustment
Bernreuter test
? Robert G bernreuter-personality traits
? 125 questions-6 scales-B1N,B2S,B3-I,B4-D,F1C,
& F2S(BIPOLAR)
Personality characteristics of industrial and
other organisations
California Personality inventory
? *Created by Harrison Dough in 1956
? Purpose-to measure and evaluate an individual?s
interpersonal behavior and social interaction
? 434-true-false questions;18 scales
1. Measure of poise, ascendancy, self assurance and
interpersonal adequacy
2. Measure of socialization ,responsibility, intrapersonal
values, and character
3. Measure of achievement potiential & intellectual
efficiency
4. Measure of intellectual modes and interest modes
Minnesota personality scale
? Has separate forms for men and women
? Rates following aspects of personality
1. Morale
2. Social adjustment
3. Family relations
4. Emotionability-degree of stability
5. Used for last 2yrs of high school, college and
sometimes adults
6. Five choices-agree, strongly agree, undecided,
disagree,strongly disagree
? Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory
? 550 items, item is printed on separate card
? Inventory-indicates personality traits of the
individual
? One has to respond to questions with answers
?yes, no ,doubtful in the box provided.
? Responses are evaluated
Cornell index
? Standardised questionnaire for males only
? 101 items fall into 2 categories
1. Those differentiating sharply between persons
with serious personality disorders
(Does worrying continually get you down)
2. Those concerned with bodily symptoms-trouble
with food digestion
Response should be ?yes or no?
Effective in showing presence of anxiety states,
migraine,peptic ulcers, convulsive disorders,
asthma
Myer?briggs?type?indicator
? Based?on?Carl?jung?s?theory?of?personality
? Useful?in?promoting?personal?growth,?self?awareness,?
leadership?skills,?team?building,?career?development,?and?
improved?interpersonal?skills.
? Yields?scores?on?4??bipolar?dimensions:
1. Introversion-extroversion
2. Sensing-intuition- Sensing?and? intuition?are?the?
information-gathering?(perceiving)?functions.
3. Thinking-feeling-are?the?decision-making?(judging)?
functions.?Based?on?the?data?received?from?their?
information-gathering?functions
Subjective Objective
Perception Intuition/Sensing
Judging Feeling/Thinking
? Introversion?(thinking?things?through)?more?than?Extraversion?
(interacting?with?people)
? Sensing?(perceiving?tangible?facts)?more?than?iNtuition?
(perceiving?new?possibilities)
? Feeling?(making?decisions?using?subjective?values)?more?than?
Thinking?(making?decisions?using?objective?logic)
? Judgement?(an?organised?lifestyle)?more?than?Perception?(a?
flexible?lifestyle)
ISTJ ISFJ INFJ INTJ
ISTP ISFP INFP INTP
ESTP ESFP ENFP ENTP
ESTJ ESFJ ENFJ ENTJ
Myers-Briggs Types
Projective?methods
? A? projective?test?is?a?personality?test?designed?to?
let?a?person?respond?to?ambiguous?stimuli,?
presumably?revealing?hidden?emotions?and?
internal?conflicts?projected?by?the?person?into?the?
test
? Assess?the?way?people?respond?and?interpret?
inkblote?and?pictures?in?which?motives?and?
feelings?are?not?clear.
? This?is?a?sign?of?projection?of?their?own?
uncontrollable?feelings,?emotion,?personality??
characteristics
Rorschach Ink blot test
? Herman Rorschach-1921.
? determines the emotional and impulsive tendencies.
? Possible mental disturbance , introversion and
intelligence can be deduced
? Gives total image of testee?s personality
? Test composed of 10 cards on which inkblots appear
? Five inkblots are of black ink, two are of black and red
ink and three are multicolored, on a white background.
? Tester shows cards to the testee one by one and tests
responds what each card portrays
? Tester notes verbal responses(silences , time taken to
respond , how he holds the card , non-verbal behavior)
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
? The?general?intelligence,? g,?influences?the?
performance?on?all?mental?tasks,?while?another?
component?influences?abilities?on?a?particular?
task.
[7]
? Raven's Progressive Matrices?(often?referred?to?simply?as?Raven's
Matrices)?or?RPM?is?a?nonverbal?group?test?typically?used?in?
educational?settings.
? ?It?is?usually?a?60-item?test?used?in?measuring?abstract?reasoning?and?
regarded?as?a?non-verbal?estimate?of?fluid?intelligence.
[
? 1]
?It?is?the?most?common?and?popular?test?administered?to?groups?
ranging?from?5-year-olds?to?the?elderly.
[2]
? ?It?is?made?of?60?multiple?choice?questions,?listed?in?order?of?
difficulty.
[2
? ]
?This?format?is?designed?to?measure?the?test?taker's?reasoning?ability,?
the?eductive?("meaning-making")?component?of?Spearman's? g?( g?is?
often?referred?to?as?general?intelligence).?
? The?tests?were?originally?developed?by?John?C.?Raven?in?1936.
[3]
?In?
each?test?item,?the?subject?is?asked?to?identify?the?missing?element?
that?completes?a?pattern.
? ?Many?patterns?are?presented?in?the?form?of?a?6?6,?4?4,?3?3,?or?
2?2?matrix,?giving?the?test?its?name.
? All of the questions on the Raven's progressives
consist of visual geometric design with a missing
piece. The test taker is given six to eight choices to
pick from and fill in the missing piece.
[4]
? An IQ test item in the style of a Raven's
Progressive Matrices test. Given eight patterns,
the subject must identify the missing ninth
pattern
The Matrices are available in three different forms
for participants of different ability:
? Standard Progressive Matrices-This was
developed to assess a person?s intellectual ability
at the time of testing him with design or patterns.
? Person has to find relation between designs and
perform task. The booklet comprises five sets (A
to E) of 12 items each (e.g., A1 through A12),
? A and B-6 piece designs
? B & c-8 pieces of design. All items are presented
in black ink on a white background
? Coloured Progressive Matrices-Designed for
children aged 5 through 11 years-of-age, the
elderly, and mentally and physically impaired
individual participants.
? Tests the intellectual capacity of young
children and people.
? Coloured progressive matrixes-assess a
persons capacity of level of observation and
clear thinking
? This is a language free test
? The scale has two sets A and b and ab set
Advanced Progressive Matrices
? ?Persons?who?are?above?11?years?and?those?
who?are?above?average?in?mental?ability.
? Time?limit
? The?first?set?has?12?problems,2
nd
?set?contains?
48?items,?presented?as?one?set?of?12?(set?I),?
and?another?of?36?(set?II).?
Difference between individual test and
group test
Basic difference Individual test Group test
Sample size Small sample Ultra large samples
Format Open ended Multi choice
Examiner's role Significant role, Minimal role
Time factors More time consuming Less time consuming
Physical & personality test
? Physical abilities use tasks or abilities that
require physical ability to perform
? Measure physical attributes and characteristics
? Personality Assessment test:
? Personality means how people affect othersand
how they understand and view themselves as
well as their pattern of inner and outer
measurable traits and person situation
interaction
? Not a single characteristic; multidimensional in
nature with many interacting elements
Personality?assessment?test
? A?personality? test?is? a? questionnaire? or? other?
standardized? instrument? designed? to? reveal?
aspects? of? an? individual's? character? or?
psychological? makeup.? The? first?personality?
tests?were? developed? in? the? 1920s? and? were?
intended? to? ease? the? process? of? personnel?
selection,?particularly?in?the?armed?forces.?
? the?combination?of?characteristics?or?qualities?
that?form?an?individual's?distinctive?character.
Measuring personality:
? Personality rating methods
? Personality inventories
? Situational tests
? Projective methods
Personality rating methods
? Rating is a term applied or judgment regarding
some situation, object or character. Opinion
are usually expresses on a scale of values.
Rating techniques are derive which such
judgements may be quantified.
Rating scales:
?is a selected list of words , phrases , sentences or para
following which an observer records value or rating based
upon objective scale of values
? A rating scale is an instrument i.e. A list of questions
that is set to enable the reviewer to indicate the, size
or intensity of the underlying characteristics of a
person.
? Description of the characteristics ?clarity-rate
? Items on each scale must b described in such a way-to
know what they mean
? Items should be described in terms of behaviour
? The description of the personality
characteristic must be clear and we defined
? The item on each scale end must be described
? It should be concrete behaviour
Types?of?rating?scale:?
- Graphic?scale?
- A?straight?line?is?drawn?and?divided?into?many?parts?.?
Each?part-number?of?adjectives?are?written.
- Evaluator?has?to?mark?any?of?these.
- Length?of?the?line-5?inches
- 3-5?adjectives?are?used
- Division?on?the?line?should?be?equidistant
- Graphic?Rating?Scale?is?a?type?of?performance?
appraisal?method.?In?this?method?traits?or?behaviours?
that?are?important?for?effective?performance?are?listed?
out?and?each?employee?is?rated?against?these?traits.?
The?rating?helps?employers?to?quantify?the?behaviours?
displayed?by?its?employees.
? Numerical scale:
Marks as associated with certain indicators.
Data that are counted or measured using a
numerically defined method are called
numerical (quantitative).
Three point, five point seven point scale
? Ranking?order:?Statistical?technique,?rank?are?mentioned?in?the?
descending?order.?
? A?Rank?Order?scale?gives?the?respondent?a?set?of?items?and?asks?
them?to?put?the?items?in?some?form?oforder.?The?measure?of?
'order'?can?include?such?as?preference,?importance,?liking,?
effectiveness?and?so?on.?The?order?is?often?a?simple?ordinal?
structure?(A?is?higher?than?B)
? Paired?comparison?scale???each?person?compared?with?other?in?the?
group?
? The?Paired?Comparison?Scaling?is?a?comparative?scaling?technique?
wherein?the?respondent?is?shown?two?objects?at?the?same?time?and?
is?asked?to?select?one?according?to?the?defined?criterion.?
Rank order
Paired comparision
Forced choice scale
Forced choiced scale
? Forced choice refers to a specific format for
response options in survey questionnaires. In
a forced choice format, respondents are not
given a specific option to reflect a
"nonresponse" type choice, such as "no
opinion," "don't know," "not sure," or "not
applicable." Respondents must select a
response choice that provides a specific
answer to the survey item.
Rating interview-
The interviewing process often includes the use
of rating scales that the interviewers (also called
?raters?) use to evaluate the quality of the
interview and lead to some kind of
recommendation of the candidate for the job in
question.
Assess personality characteristicsof a subject on
a standardised rating scale.
Discusses worker?s achievement
? Situational tests: real life conditioning are
simulate
? Candidate?s spontaneous reactions will be
recorded
? It is done in a group and based on them
? It include role play, case studies, group
discussion

Types of situational test:
Derived from latin word socius ?social; metrum-
measure by Jacob L Moreno
Sociometry : the study of relationships within a
group of people.
Assess the positive and negative links between
persons within a group.
Sociometry is a way of measuring relationships
between people. Sociometric tests can include
variety of procedures used within social groups to
measure social status, popularity, peer
acceptance or rejection and reputation
Sociometry
? Used to evaluate group structure
? Measure amount of organization shown by
social group-sociometric test
? Made in respect to work, home , school
groups
? Determines position of each individual in a
group in which he has to function
CONSTRUCTION OF A SOCIOGRAM
A E F G
H
D
B I J
c K M
D is a star ?chosen by most of the members
J and g are unpopular
D serves as a bridge
ABCD has all channel communication
? Diagrammatic representation of patterns
showing interpersonal relationship
? This indicates choices, preferences, likes,
dislikes,interaction between individual
members in a group
? Gives a visual picture of sociometric structure
of a group
Various kinds of interaction in Sociometry test
? Social networks- a specific set of linkages among
defined set of people cluster
? Prescribed clusters- formal group within network
? Emergent clusters ? cluster of people who
temporarily align together to attain certain
objective
? Cliques- relatively permanent informal group
involving friendship
? Liaisons - individual who connect two or more
cluster but are no members of any cluster
? Bridges : connection as a linking pins by
belonging to two or more clusters
Importance of sociometry:
? Help to measure and build relationship
? Provide rich data
? Helps in group development
? Enhance group and individual perceptive
Psychodrama
?A body of philosophical, therapeutic,
educational, action based techniques-J.L
Moreno
- Action techniques in which individuals use
enactment to explore material that is
identified specific and personal to them.
Psychodrama is an action method, often used as
a psychotherapy, in which clients use
spontaneous dramatization, role playing, and
dramatic self-presentation to investigate and
gain insight into their lives.
Elements:
Stage- concrete situation within which protagonist story
can be brought to life
? Protagonist- is a person whose story is being enacted or
told. .
? the leading character or one of the major characters in a
play, film, novel, etc.
Director ? professional therapist who leads action and
planning.
He takes decisions involving what material
Auxiliary ego-is the position taken by other participants in a
role-playing exercise, or psychodrama, in order to simulate
particular situations for the protagonists.
role they take and what experience they bring to it.
Audience
Socio drama:
Variant of psychodrama
? A sociodrama is a dramatic play in which
several individuals spontaneously enact social
situations to understand situations more fully.
? Assign roles for the purpose of studying and
remedying problems in group or collective
relationships.
Enact various solutions to social problems.
? After each sociodrama, they have to debrief
an enactment and note what was learned.
? Brainstorm, problem solving and closure
Difference between Socio and
Psychodrama
PSYCHODRAMA SOCIOMETRY
EXPLORE INNER WORLD OF THE PERSON SOCIAL WORLD
INTRAPERSONAL INTERPERSONAL
Advantage of situational test:
Reveals personality characteristics
Superior to rating methods
Convenient
Useful in selection
Disadvantages:
Time consuming
Expensive
Personality inventories
? Francis Galton in 19
th
centaury
? Designed to assess the stable and enduring
characteristics of a person that may affect job
performance and workplace behavior.
? Inventories are known as questionnaires or scale
? Respondents are given list of statements in
standard order with fixed set of response
? Responses-assigned ratings to yield numerical
scores options
Types of inventories
? Bell adjustment inventory:
? Assesses individuals adjustment in variety of
situations
? Consists of 160 items & 4 subscales: home,
health, social, emotional
? High scores-poor adjustment; low scores-
better adjustment
Bernreuter test
? Robert G bernreuter-personality traits
? 125 questions-6 scales-B1N,B2S,B3-I,B4-D,F1C,
& F2S(BIPOLAR)
Personality characteristics of industrial and
other organisations
California Personality inventory
? *Created by Harrison Dough in 1956
? Purpose-to measure and evaluate an individual?s
interpersonal behavior and social interaction
? 434-true-false questions;18 scales
1. Measure of poise, ascendancy, self assurance and
interpersonal adequacy
2. Measure of socialization ,responsibility, intrapersonal
values, and character
3. Measure of achievement potiential & intellectual
efficiency
4. Measure of intellectual modes and interest modes
Minnesota personality scale
? Has separate forms for men and women
? Rates following aspects of personality
1. Morale
2. Social adjustment
3. Family relations
4. Emotionability-degree of stability
5. Used for last 2yrs of high school, college and
sometimes adults
6. Five choices-agree, strongly agree, undecided,
disagree,strongly disagree
? Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory
? 550 items, item is printed on separate card
? Inventory-indicates personality traits of the
individual
? One has to respond to questions with answers
?yes, no ,doubtful in the box provided.
? Responses are evaluated
Cornell index
? Standardised questionnaire for males only
? 101 items fall into 2 categories
1. Those differentiating sharply between persons
with serious personality disorders
(Does worrying continually get you down)
2. Those concerned with bodily symptoms-trouble
with food digestion
Response should be ?yes or no?
Effective in showing presence of anxiety states,
migraine,peptic ulcers, convulsive disorders,
asthma
Myer?briggs?type?indicator
? Based?on?Carl?jung?s?theory?of?personality
? Useful?in?promoting?personal?growth,?self?awareness,?
leadership?skills,?team?building,?career?development,?and?
improved?interpersonal?skills.
? Yields?scores?on?4??bipolar?dimensions:
1. Introversion-extroversion
2. Sensing-intuition- Sensing?and? intuition?are?the?
information-gathering?(perceiving)?functions.
3. Thinking-feeling-are?the?decision-making?(judging)?
functions.?Based?on?the?data?received?from?their?
information-gathering?functions
Subjective Objective
Perception Intuition/Sensing
Judging Feeling/Thinking
? Introversion?(thinking?things?through)?more?than?Extraversion?
(interacting?with?people)
? Sensing?(perceiving?tangible?facts)?more?than?iNtuition?
(perceiving?new?possibilities)
? Feeling?(making?decisions?using?subjective?values)?more?than?
Thinking?(making?decisions?using?objective?logic)
? Judgement?(an?organised?lifestyle)?more?than?Perception?(a?
flexible?lifestyle)
ISTJ ISFJ INFJ INTJ
ISTP ISFP INFP INTP
ESTP ESFP ENFP ENTP
ESTJ ESFJ ENFJ ENTJ
Myers-Briggs Types
Projective?methods
? A? projective?test?is?a?personality?test?designed?to?
let?a?person?respond?to?ambiguous?stimuli,?
presumably?revealing?hidden?emotions?and?
internal?conflicts?projected?by?the?person?into?the?
test
? Assess?the?way?people?respond?and?interpret?
inkblote?and?pictures?in?which?motives?and?
feelings?are?not?clear.
? This?is?a?sign?of?projection?of?their?own?
uncontrollable?feelings,?emotion,?personality??
characteristics
Rorschach Ink blot test
? Herman Rorschach-1921.
? determines the emotional and impulsive tendencies.
? Possible mental disturbance , introversion and
intelligence can be deduced
? Gives total image of testee?s personality
? Test composed of 10 cards on which inkblots appear
? Five inkblots are of black ink, two are of black and red
ink and three are multicolored, on a white background.
? Tester shows cards to the testee one by one and tests
responds what each card portrays
? Tester notes verbal responses(silences , time taken to
respond , how he holds the card , non-verbal behavior)
In next stage-what characteristics of
inkblots led to his responses which are
then noted, categorized &evaluated
on factors such as:
1. Observation and movement testee
has discerned from cards
2. Contents ascribed to inkblots-What
the inkblots represent
3. Light and shadow observed by
testee
4. Texture of the shapes that have
been observed-hair, skin
5. Responses are analysed
quantitatively and qualitatively
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
? The?general?intelligence,? g,?influences?the?
performance?on?all?mental?tasks,?while?another?
component?influences?abilities?on?a?particular?
task.
[7]
? Raven's Progressive Matrices?(often?referred?to?simply?as?Raven's
Matrices)?or?RPM?is?a?nonverbal?group?test?typically?used?in?
educational?settings.
? ?It?is?usually?a?60-item?test?used?in?measuring?abstract?reasoning?and?
regarded?as?a?non-verbal?estimate?of?fluid?intelligence.
[
? 1]
?It?is?the?most?common?and?popular?test?administered?to?groups?
ranging?from?5-year-olds?to?the?elderly.
[2]
? ?It?is?made?of?60?multiple?choice?questions,?listed?in?order?of?
difficulty.
[2
? ]
?This?format?is?designed?to?measure?the?test?taker's?reasoning?ability,?
the?eductive?("meaning-making")?component?of?Spearman's? g?( g?is?
often?referred?to?as?general?intelligence).?
? The?tests?were?originally?developed?by?John?C.?Raven?in?1936.
[3]
?In?
each?test?item,?the?subject?is?asked?to?identify?the?missing?element?
that?completes?a?pattern.
? ?Many?patterns?are?presented?in?the?form?of?a?6?6,?4?4,?3?3,?or?
2?2?matrix,?giving?the?test?its?name.
? All of the questions on the Raven's progressives
consist of visual geometric design with a missing
piece. The test taker is given six to eight choices to
pick from and fill in the missing piece.
[4]
? An IQ test item in the style of a Raven's
Progressive Matrices test. Given eight patterns,
the subject must identify the missing ninth
pattern
The Matrices are available in three different forms
for participants of different ability:
? Standard Progressive Matrices-This was
developed to assess a person?s intellectual ability
at the time of testing him with design or patterns.
? Person has to find relation between designs and
perform task. The booklet comprises five sets (A
to E) of 12 items each (e.g., A1 through A12),
? A and B-6 piece designs
? B & c-8 pieces of design. All items are presented
in black ink on a white background
? Coloured Progressive Matrices-Designed for
children aged 5 through 11 years-of-age, the
elderly, and mentally and physically impaired
individual participants.
? Tests the intellectual capacity of young
children and people.
? Coloured progressive matrixes-assess a
persons capacity of level of observation and
clear thinking
? This is a language free test
? The scale has two sets A and b and ab set
Advanced Progressive Matrices
? ?Persons?who?are?above?11?years?and?those?
who?are?above?average?in?mental?ability.
? Time?limit
? The?first?set?has?12?problems,2
nd
?set?contains?
48?items,?presented?as?one?set?of?12?(set?I),?
and?another?of?36?(set?II).?
Difference between individual test and
group test
Basic difference Individual test Group test
Sample size Small sample Ultra large samples
Format Open ended Multi choice
Examiner's role Significant role, Minimal role
Time factors More time consuming Less time consuming
Physical & personality test
? Physical abilities use tasks or abilities that
require physical ability to perform
? Measure physical attributes and characteristics
? Personality Assessment test:
? Personality means how people affect othersand
how they understand and view themselves as
well as their pattern of inner and outer
measurable traits and person situation
interaction
? Not a single characteristic; multidimensional in
nature with many interacting elements
Personality?assessment?test
? A?personality? test?is? a? questionnaire? or? other?
standardized? instrument? designed? to? reveal?
aspects? of? an? individual's? character? or?
psychological? makeup.? The? first?personality?
tests?were? developed? in? the? 1920s? and? were?
intended? to? ease? the? process? of? personnel?
selection,?particularly?in?the?armed?forces.?
? the?combination?of?characteristics?or?qualities?
that?form?an?individual's?distinctive?character.
Measuring personality:
? Personality rating methods
? Personality inventories
? Situational tests
? Projective methods
Personality rating methods
? Rating is a term applied or judgment regarding
some situation, object or character. Opinion
are usually expresses on a scale of values.
Rating techniques are derive which such
judgements may be quantified.
Rating scales:
?is a selected list of words , phrases , sentences or para
following which an observer records value or rating based
upon objective scale of values
? A rating scale is an instrument i.e. A list of questions
that is set to enable the reviewer to indicate the, size
or intensity of the underlying characteristics of a
person.
? Description of the characteristics ?clarity-rate
? Items on each scale must b described in such a way-to
know what they mean
? Items should be described in terms of behaviour
? The description of the personality
characteristic must be clear and we defined
? The item on each scale end must be described
? It should be concrete behaviour
Types?of?rating?scale:?
- Graphic?scale?
- A?straight?line?is?drawn?and?divided?into?many?parts?.?
Each?part-number?of?adjectives?are?written.
- Evaluator?has?to?mark?any?of?these.
- Length?of?the?line-5?inches
- 3-5?adjectives?are?used
- Division?on?the?line?should?be?equidistant
- Graphic?Rating?Scale?is?a?type?of?performance?
appraisal?method.?In?this?method?traits?or?behaviours?
that?are?important?for?effective?performance?are?listed?
out?and?each?employee?is?rated?against?these?traits.?
The?rating?helps?employers?to?quantify?the?behaviours?
displayed?by?its?employees.
? Numerical scale:
Marks as associated with certain indicators.
Data that are counted or measured using a
numerically defined method are called
numerical (quantitative).
Three point, five point seven point scale
? Ranking?order:?Statistical?technique,?rank?are?mentioned?in?the?
descending?order.?
? A?Rank?Order?scale?gives?the?respondent?a?set?of?items?and?asks?
them?to?put?the?items?in?some?form?oforder.?The?measure?of?
'order'?can?include?such?as?preference,?importance,?liking,?
effectiveness?and?so?on.?The?order?is?often?a?simple?ordinal?
structure?(A?is?higher?than?B)
? Paired?comparison?scale???each?person?compared?with?other?in?the?
group?
? The?Paired?Comparison?Scaling?is?a?comparative?scaling?technique?
wherein?the?respondent?is?shown?two?objects?at?the?same?time?and?
is?asked?to?select?one?according?to?the?defined?criterion.?
Rank order
Paired comparision
Forced choice scale
Forced choiced scale
? Forced choice refers to a specific format for
response options in survey questionnaires. In
a forced choice format, respondents are not
given a specific option to reflect a
"nonresponse" type choice, such as "no
opinion," "don't know," "not sure," or "not
applicable." Respondents must select a
response choice that provides a specific
answer to the survey item.
Rating interview-
The interviewing process often includes the use
of rating scales that the interviewers (also called
?raters?) use to evaluate the quality of the
interview and lead to some kind of
recommendation of the candidate for the job in
question.
Assess personality characteristicsof a subject on
a standardised rating scale.
Discusses worker?s achievement
? Situational tests: real life conditioning are
simulate
? Candidate?s spontaneous reactions will be
recorded
? It is done in a group and based on them
? It include role play, case studies, group
discussion

Types of situational test:
Derived from latin word socius ?social; metrum-
measure by Jacob L Moreno
Sociometry : the study of relationships within a
group of people.
Assess the positive and negative links between
persons within a group.
Sociometry is a way of measuring relationships
between people. Sociometric tests can include
variety of procedures used within social groups to
measure social status, popularity, peer
acceptance or rejection and reputation
Sociometry
? Used to evaluate group structure
? Measure amount of organization shown by
social group-sociometric test
? Made in respect to work, home , school
groups
? Determines position of each individual in a
group in which he has to function
CONSTRUCTION OF A SOCIOGRAM
A E F G
H
D
B I J
c K M
D is a star ?chosen by most of the members
J and g are unpopular
D serves as a bridge
ABCD has all channel communication
? Diagrammatic representation of patterns
showing interpersonal relationship
? This indicates choices, preferences, likes,
dislikes,interaction between individual
members in a group
? Gives a visual picture of sociometric structure
of a group
Various kinds of interaction in Sociometry test
? Social networks- a specific set of linkages among
defined set of people cluster
? Prescribed clusters- formal group within network
? Emergent clusters ? cluster of people who
temporarily align together to attain certain
objective
? Cliques- relatively permanent informal group
involving friendship
? Liaisons - individual who connect two or more
cluster but are no members of any cluster
? Bridges : connection as a linking pins by
belonging to two or more clusters
Importance of sociometry:
? Help to measure and build relationship
? Provide rich data
? Helps in group development
? Enhance group and individual perceptive
Psychodrama
?A body of philosophical, therapeutic,
educational, action based techniques-J.L
Moreno
- Action techniques in which individuals use
enactment to explore material that is
identified specific and personal to them.
Psychodrama is an action method, often used as
a psychotherapy, in which clients use
spontaneous dramatization, role playing, and
dramatic self-presentation to investigate and
gain insight into their lives.
Elements:
Stage- concrete situation within which protagonist story
can be brought to life
? Protagonist- is a person whose story is being enacted or
told. .
? the leading character or one of the major characters in a
play, film, novel, etc.
Director ? professional therapist who leads action and
planning.
He takes decisions involving what material
Auxiliary ego-is the position taken by other participants in a
role-playing exercise, or psychodrama, in order to simulate
particular situations for the protagonists.
role they take and what experience they bring to it.
Audience
Socio drama:
Variant of psychodrama
? A sociodrama is a dramatic play in which
several individuals spontaneously enact social
situations to understand situations more fully.
? Assign roles for the purpose of studying and
remedying problems in group or collective
relationships.
Enact various solutions to social problems.
? After each sociodrama, they have to debrief
an enactment and note what was learned.
? Brainstorm, problem solving and closure
Difference between Socio and
Psychodrama
PSYCHODRAMA SOCIOMETRY
EXPLORE INNER WORLD OF THE PERSON SOCIAL WORLD
INTRAPERSONAL INTERPERSONAL
Advantage of situational test:
Reveals personality characteristics
Superior to rating methods
Convenient
Useful in selection
Disadvantages:
Time consuming
Expensive
Personality inventories
? Francis Galton in 19
th
centaury
? Designed to assess the stable and enduring
characteristics of a person that may affect job
performance and workplace behavior.
? Inventories are known as questionnaires or scale
? Respondents are given list of statements in
standard order with fixed set of response
? Responses-assigned ratings to yield numerical
scores options
Types of inventories
? Bell adjustment inventory:
? Assesses individuals adjustment in variety of
situations
? Consists of 160 items & 4 subscales: home,
health, social, emotional
? High scores-poor adjustment; low scores-
better adjustment
Bernreuter test
? Robert G bernreuter-personality traits
? 125 questions-6 scales-B1N,B2S,B3-I,B4-D,F1C,
& F2S(BIPOLAR)
Personality characteristics of industrial and
other organisations
California Personality inventory
? *Created by Harrison Dough in 1956
? Purpose-to measure and evaluate an individual?s
interpersonal behavior and social interaction
? 434-true-false questions;18 scales
1. Measure of poise, ascendancy, self assurance and
interpersonal adequacy
2. Measure of socialization ,responsibility, intrapersonal
values, and character
3. Measure of achievement potiential & intellectual
efficiency
4. Measure of intellectual modes and interest modes
Minnesota personality scale
? Has separate forms for men and women
? Rates following aspects of personality
1. Morale
2. Social adjustment
3. Family relations
4. Emotionability-degree of stability
5. Used for last 2yrs of high school, college and
sometimes adults
6. Five choices-agree, strongly agree, undecided,
disagree,strongly disagree
? Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory
? 550 items, item is printed on separate card
? Inventory-indicates personality traits of the
individual
? One has to respond to questions with answers
?yes, no ,doubtful in the box provided.
? Responses are evaluated
Cornell index
? Standardised questionnaire for males only
? 101 items fall into 2 categories
1. Those differentiating sharply between persons
with serious personality disorders
(Does worrying continually get you down)
2. Those concerned with bodily symptoms-trouble
with food digestion
Response should be ?yes or no?
Effective in showing presence of anxiety states,
migraine,peptic ulcers, convulsive disorders,
asthma
Myer?briggs?type?indicator
? Based?on?Carl?jung?s?theory?of?personality
? Useful?in?promoting?personal?growth,?self?awareness,?
leadership?skills,?team?building,?career?development,?and?
improved?interpersonal?skills.
? Yields?scores?on?4??bipolar?dimensions:
1. Introversion-extroversion
2. Sensing-intuition- Sensing?and? intuition?are?the?
information-gathering?(perceiving)?functions.
3. Thinking-feeling-are?the?decision-making?(judging)?
functions.?Based?on?the?data?received?from?their?
information-gathering?functions
Subjective Objective
Perception Intuition/Sensing
Judging Feeling/Thinking
? Introversion?(thinking?things?through)?more?than?Extraversion?
(interacting?with?people)
? Sensing?(perceiving?tangible?facts)?more?than?iNtuition?
(perceiving?new?possibilities)
? Feeling?(making?decisions?using?subjective?values)?more?than?
Thinking?(making?decisions?using?objective?logic)
? Judgement?(an?organised?lifestyle)?more?than?Perception?(a?
flexible?lifestyle)
ISTJ ISFJ INFJ INTJ
ISTP ISFP INFP INTP
ESTP ESFP ENFP ENTP
ESTJ ESFJ ENFJ ENTJ
Myers-Briggs Types
Projective?methods
? A? projective?test?is?a?personality?test?designed?to?
let?a?person?respond?to?ambiguous?stimuli,?
presumably?revealing?hidden?emotions?and?
internal?conflicts?projected?by?the?person?into?the?
test
? Assess?the?way?people?respond?and?interpret?
inkblote?and?pictures?in?which?motives?and?
feelings?are?not?clear.
? This?is?a?sign?of?projection?of?their?own?
uncontrollable?feelings,?emotion,?personality??
characteristics
Rorschach Ink blot test
? Herman Rorschach-1921.
? determines the emotional and impulsive tendencies.
? Possible mental disturbance , introversion and
intelligence can be deduced
? Gives total image of testee?s personality
? Test composed of 10 cards on which inkblots appear
? Five inkblots are of black ink, two are of black and red
ink and three are multicolored, on a white background.
? Tester shows cards to the testee one by one and tests
responds what each card portrays
? Tester notes verbal responses(silences , time taken to
respond , how he holds the card , non-verbal behavior)
In next stage-what characteristics of
inkblots led to his responses which are
then noted, categorized &evaluated
on factors such as:
1. Observation and movement testee
has discerned from cards
2. Contents ascribed to inkblots-What
the inkblots represent
3. Light and shadow observed by
testee
4. Texture of the shapes that have
been observed-hair, skin
5. Responses are analysed
quantitatively and qualitatively
Thematic appreciation test
? Murray and morgon
? Individual is confronted with a situation and required
to make a imaginary story and reveal his personality
? The complete version of the test contains 32 picture
cards. Some of the cards show male figures, some
female, some both male and female figures, some of
ambiguous gender, some adults, some children, and
some show no human figures at all.
? One card is completely blank and is used to elicit both
a scene and a story about the given scene from the
storyteller
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
? The?general?intelligence,? g,?influences?the?
performance?on?all?mental?tasks,?while?another?
component?influences?abilities?on?a?particular?
task.
[7]
? Raven's Progressive Matrices?(often?referred?to?simply?as?Raven's
Matrices)?or?RPM?is?a?nonverbal?group?test?typically?used?in?
educational?settings.
? ?It?is?usually?a?60-item?test?used?in?measuring?abstract?reasoning?and?
regarded?as?a?non-verbal?estimate?of?fluid?intelligence.
[
? 1]
?It?is?the?most?common?and?popular?test?administered?to?groups?
ranging?from?5-year-olds?to?the?elderly.
[2]
? ?It?is?made?of?60?multiple?choice?questions,?listed?in?order?of?
difficulty.
[2
? ]
?This?format?is?designed?to?measure?the?test?taker's?reasoning?ability,?
the?eductive?("meaning-making")?component?of?Spearman's? g?( g?is?
often?referred?to?as?general?intelligence).?
? The?tests?were?originally?developed?by?John?C.?Raven?in?1936.
[3]
?In?
each?test?item,?the?subject?is?asked?to?identify?the?missing?element?
that?completes?a?pattern.
? ?Many?patterns?are?presented?in?the?form?of?a?6?6,?4?4,?3?3,?or?
2?2?matrix,?giving?the?test?its?name.
? All of the questions on the Raven's progressives
consist of visual geometric design with a missing
piece. The test taker is given six to eight choices to
pick from and fill in the missing piece.
[4]
? An IQ test item in the style of a Raven's
Progressive Matrices test. Given eight patterns,
the subject must identify the missing ninth
pattern
The Matrices are available in three different forms
for participants of different ability:
? Standard Progressive Matrices-This was
developed to assess a person?s intellectual ability
at the time of testing him with design or patterns.
? Person has to find relation between designs and
perform task. The booklet comprises five sets (A
to E) of 12 items each (e.g., A1 through A12),
? A and B-6 piece designs
? B & c-8 pieces of design. All items are presented
in black ink on a white background
? Coloured Progressive Matrices-Designed for
children aged 5 through 11 years-of-age, the
elderly, and mentally and physically impaired
individual participants.
? Tests the intellectual capacity of young
children and people.
? Coloured progressive matrixes-assess a
persons capacity of level of observation and
clear thinking
? This is a language free test
? The scale has two sets A and b and ab set
Advanced Progressive Matrices
? ?Persons?who?are?above?11?years?and?those?
who?are?above?average?in?mental?ability.
? Time?limit
? The?first?set?has?12?problems,2
nd
?set?contains?
48?items,?presented?as?one?set?of?12?(set?I),?
and?another?of?36?(set?II).?
Difference between individual test and
group test
Basic difference Individual test Group test
Sample size Small sample Ultra large samples
Format Open ended Multi choice
Examiner's role Significant role, Minimal role
Time factors More time consuming Less time consuming
Physical & personality test
? Physical abilities use tasks or abilities that
require physical ability to perform
? Measure physical attributes and characteristics
? Personality Assessment test:
? Personality means how people affect othersand
how they understand and view themselves as
well as their pattern of inner and outer
measurable traits and person situation
interaction
? Not a single characteristic; multidimensional in
nature with many interacting elements
Personality?assessment?test
? A?personality? test?is? a? questionnaire? or? other?
standardized? instrument? designed? to? reveal?
aspects? of? an? individual's? character? or?
psychological? makeup.? The? first?personality?
tests?were? developed? in? the? 1920s? and? were?
intended? to? ease? the? process? of? personnel?
selection,?particularly?in?the?armed?forces.?
? the?combination?of?characteristics?or?qualities?
that?form?an?individual's?distinctive?character.
Measuring personality:
? Personality rating methods
? Personality inventories
? Situational tests
? Projective methods
Personality rating methods
? Rating is a term applied or judgment regarding
some situation, object or character. Opinion
are usually expresses on a scale of values.
Rating techniques are derive which such
judgements may be quantified.
Rating scales:
?is a selected list of words , phrases , sentences or para
following which an observer records value or rating based
upon objective scale of values
? A rating scale is an instrument i.e. A list of questions
that is set to enable the reviewer to indicate the, size
or intensity of the underlying characteristics of a
person.
? Description of the characteristics ?clarity-rate
? Items on each scale must b described in such a way-to
know what they mean
? Items should be described in terms of behaviour
? The description of the personality
characteristic must be clear and we defined
? The item on each scale end must be described
? It should be concrete behaviour
Types?of?rating?scale:?
- Graphic?scale?
- A?straight?line?is?drawn?and?divided?into?many?parts?.?
Each?part-number?of?adjectives?are?written.
- Evaluator?has?to?mark?any?of?these.
- Length?of?the?line-5?inches
- 3-5?adjectives?are?used
- Division?on?the?line?should?be?equidistant
- Graphic?Rating?Scale?is?a?type?of?performance?
appraisal?method.?In?this?method?traits?or?behaviours?
that?are?important?for?effective?performance?are?listed?
out?and?each?employee?is?rated?against?these?traits.?
The?rating?helps?employers?to?quantify?the?behaviours?
displayed?by?its?employees.
? Numerical scale:
Marks as associated with certain indicators.
Data that are counted or measured using a
numerically defined method are called
numerical (quantitative).
Three point, five point seven point scale
? Ranking?order:?Statistical?technique,?rank?are?mentioned?in?the?
descending?order.?
? A?Rank?Order?scale?gives?the?respondent?a?set?of?items?and?asks?
them?to?put?the?items?in?some?form?oforder.?The?measure?of?
'order'?can?include?such?as?preference,?importance,?liking,?
effectiveness?and?so?on.?The?order?is?often?a?simple?ordinal?
structure?(A?is?higher?than?B)
? Paired?comparison?scale???each?person?compared?with?other?in?the?
group?
? The?Paired?Comparison?Scaling?is?a?comparative?scaling?technique?
wherein?the?respondent?is?shown?two?objects?at?the?same?time?and?
is?asked?to?select?one?according?to?the?defined?criterion.?
Rank order
Paired comparision
Forced choice scale
Forced choiced scale
? Forced choice refers to a specific format for
response options in survey questionnaires. In
a forced choice format, respondents are not
given a specific option to reflect a
"nonresponse" type choice, such as "no
opinion," "don't know," "not sure," or "not
applicable." Respondents must select a
response choice that provides a specific
answer to the survey item.
Rating interview-
The interviewing process often includes the use
of rating scales that the interviewers (also called
?raters?) use to evaluate the quality of the
interview and lead to some kind of
recommendation of the candidate for the job in
question.
Assess personality characteristicsof a subject on
a standardised rating scale.
Discusses worker?s achievement
? Situational tests: real life conditioning are
simulate
? Candidate?s spontaneous reactions will be
recorded
? It is done in a group and based on them
? It include role play, case studies, group
discussion

Types of situational test:
Derived from latin word socius ?social; metrum-
measure by Jacob L Moreno
Sociometry : the study of relationships within a
group of people.
Assess the positive and negative links between
persons within a group.
Sociometry is a way of measuring relationships
between people. Sociometric tests can include
variety of procedures used within social groups to
measure social status, popularity, peer
acceptance or rejection and reputation
Sociometry
? Used to evaluate group structure
? Measure amount of organization shown by
social group-sociometric test
? Made in respect to work, home , school
groups
? Determines position of each individual in a
group in which he has to function
CONSTRUCTION OF A SOCIOGRAM
A E F G
H
D
B I J
c K M
D is a star ?chosen by most of the members
J and g are unpopular
D serves as a bridge
ABCD has all channel communication
? Diagrammatic representation of patterns
showing interpersonal relationship
? This indicates choices, preferences, likes,
dislikes,interaction between individual
members in a group
? Gives a visual picture of sociometric structure
of a group
Various kinds of interaction in Sociometry test
? Social networks- a specific set of linkages among
defined set of people cluster
? Prescribed clusters- formal group within network
? Emergent clusters ? cluster of people who
temporarily align together to attain certain
objective
? Cliques- relatively permanent informal group
involving friendship
? Liaisons - individual who connect two or more
cluster but are no members of any cluster
? Bridges : connection as a linking pins by
belonging to two or more clusters
Importance of sociometry:
? Help to measure and build relationship
? Provide rich data
? Helps in group development
? Enhance group and individual perceptive
Psychodrama
?A body of philosophical, therapeutic,
educational, action based techniques-J.L
Moreno
- Action techniques in which individuals use
enactment to explore material that is
identified specific and personal to them.
Psychodrama is an action method, often used as
a psychotherapy, in which clients use
spontaneous dramatization, role playing, and
dramatic self-presentation to investigate and
gain insight into their lives.
Elements:
Stage- concrete situation within which protagonist story
can be brought to life
? Protagonist- is a person whose story is being enacted or
told. .
? the leading character or one of the major characters in a
play, film, novel, etc.
Director ? professional therapist who leads action and
planning.
He takes decisions involving what material
Auxiliary ego-is the position taken by other participants in a
role-playing exercise, or psychodrama, in order to simulate
particular situations for the protagonists.
role they take and what experience they bring to it.
Audience
Socio drama:
Variant of psychodrama
? A sociodrama is a dramatic play in which
several individuals spontaneously enact social
situations to understand situations more fully.
? Assign roles for the purpose of studying and
remedying problems in group or collective
relationships.
Enact various solutions to social problems.
? After each sociodrama, they have to debrief
an enactment and note what was learned.
? Brainstorm, problem solving and closure
Difference between Socio and
Psychodrama
PSYCHODRAMA SOCIOMETRY
EXPLORE INNER WORLD OF THE PERSON SOCIAL WORLD
INTRAPERSONAL INTERPERSONAL
Advantage of situational test:
Reveals personality characteristics
Superior to rating methods
Convenient
Useful in selection
Disadvantages:
Time consuming
Expensive
Personality inventories
? Francis Galton in 19
th
centaury
? Designed to assess the stable and enduring
characteristics of a person that may affect job
performance and workplace behavior.
? Inventories are known as questionnaires or scale
? Respondents are given list of statements in
standard order with fixed set of response
? Responses-assigned ratings to yield numerical
scores options
Types of inventories
? Bell adjustment inventory:
? Assesses individuals adjustment in variety of
situations
? Consists of 160 items & 4 subscales: home,
health, social, emotional
? High scores-poor adjustment; low scores-
better adjustment
Bernreuter test
? Robert G bernreuter-personality traits
? 125 questions-6 scales-B1N,B2S,B3-I,B4-D,F1C,
& F2S(BIPOLAR)
Personality characteristics of industrial and
other organisations
California Personality inventory
? *Created by Harrison Dough in 1956
? Purpose-to measure and evaluate an individual?s
interpersonal behavior and social interaction
? 434-true-false questions;18 scales
1. Measure of poise, ascendancy, self assurance and
interpersonal adequacy
2. Measure of socialization ,responsibility, intrapersonal
values, and character
3. Measure of achievement potiential & intellectual
efficiency
4. Measure of intellectual modes and interest modes
Minnesota personality scale
? Has separate forms for men and women
? Rates following aspects of personality
1. Morale
2. Social adjustment
3. Family relations
4. Emotionability-degree of stability
5. Used for last 2yrs of high school, college and
sometimes adults
6. Five choices-agree, strongly agree, undecided,
disagree,strongly disagree
? Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory
? 550 items, item is printed on separate card
? Inventory-indicates personality traits of the
individual
? One has to respond to questions with answers
?yes, no ,doubtful in the box provided.
? Responses are evaluated
Cornell index
? Standardised questionnaire for males only
? 101 items fall into 2 categories
1. Those differentiating sharply between persons
with serious personality disorders
(Does worrying continually get you down)
2. Those concerned with bodily symptoms-trouble
with food digestion
Response should be ?yes or no?
Effective in showing presence of anxiety states,
migraine,peptic ulcers, convulsive disorders,
asthma
Myer?briggs?type?indicator
? Based?on?Carl?jung?s?theory?of?personality
? Useful?in?promoting?personal?growth,?self?awareness,?
leadership?skills,?team?building,?career?development,?and?
improved?interpersonal?skills.
? Yields?scores?on?4??bipolar?dimensions:
1. Introversion-extroversion
2. Sensing-intuition- Sensing?and? intuition?are?the?
information-gathering?(perceiving)?functions.
3. Thinking-feeling-are?the?decision-making?(judging)?
functions.?Based?on?the?data?received?from?their?
information-gathering?functions
Subjective Objective
Perception Intuition/Sensing
Judging Feeling/Thinking
? Introversion?(thinking?things?through)?more?than?Extraversion?
(interacting?with?people)
? Sensing?(perceiving?tangible?facts)?more?than?iNtuition?
(perceiving?new?possibilities)
? Feeling?(making?decisions?using?subjective?values)?more?than?
Thinking?(making?decisions?using?objective?logic)
? Judgement?(an?organised?lifestyle)?more?than?Perception?(a?
flexible?lifestyle)
ISTJ ISFJ INFJ INTJ
ISTP ISFP INFP INTP
ESTP ESFP ENFP ENTP
ESTJ ESFJ ENFJ ENTJ
Myers-Briggs Types
Projective?methods
? A? projective?test?is?a?personality?test?designed?to?
let?a?person?respond?to?ambiguous?stimuli,?
presumably?revealing?hidden?emotions?and?
internal?conflicts?projected?by?the?person?into?the?
test
? Assess?the?way?people?respond?and?interpret?
inkblote?and?pictures?in?which?motives?and?
feelings?are?not?clear.
? This?is?a?sign?of?projection?of?their?own?
uncontrollable?feelings,?emotion,?personality??
characteristics
Rorschach Ink blot test
? Herman Rorschach-1921.
? determines the emotional and impulsive tendencies.
? Possible mental disturbance , introversion and
intelligence can be deduced
? Gives total image of testee?s personality
? Test composed of 10 cards on which inkblots appear
? Five inkblots are of black ink, two are of black and red
ink and three are multicolored, on a white background.
? Tester shows cards to the testee one by one and tests
responds what each card portrays
? Tester notes verbal responses(silences , time taken to
respond , how he holds the card , non-verbal behavior)
In next stage-what characteristics of
inkblots led to his responses which are
then noted, categorized &evaluated
on factors such as:
1. Observation and movement testee
has discerned from cards
2. Contents ascribed to inkblots-What
the inkblots represent
3. Light and shadow observed by
testee
4. Texture of the shapes that have
been observed-hair, skin
5. Responses are analysed
quantitatively and qualitatively
Thematic appreciation test
? Murray and morgon
? Individual is confronted with a situation and required
to make a imaginary story and reveal his personality
? The complete version of the test contains 32 picture
cards. Some of the cards show male figures, some
female, some both male and female figures, some of
ambiguous gender, some adults, some children, and
some show no human figures at all.
? One card is completely blank and is used to elicit both
a scene and a story about the given scene from the
storyteller
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
? The?general?intelligence,? g,?influences?the?
performance?on?all?mental?tasks,?while?another?
component?influences?abilities?on?a?particular?
task.
[7]
? Raven's Progressive Matrices?(often?referred?to?simply?as?Raven's
Matrices)?or?RPM?is?a?nonverbal?group?test?typically?used?in?
educational?settings.
? ?It?is?usually?a?60-item?test?used?in?measuring?abstract?reasoning?and?
regarded?as?a?non-verbal?estimate?of?fluid?intelligence.
[
? 1]
?It?is?the?most?common?and?popular?test?administered?to?groups?
ranging?from?5-year-olds?to?the?elderly.
[2]
? ?It?is?made?of?60?multiple?choice?questions,?listed?in?order?of?
difficulty.
[2
? ]
?This?format?is?designed?to?measure?the?test?taker's?reasoning?ability,?
the?eductive?("meaning-making")?component?of?Spearman's? g?( g?is?
often?referred?to?as?general?intelligence).?
? The?tests?were?originally?developed?by?John?C.?Raven?in?1936.
[3]
?In?
each?test?item,?the?subject?is?asked?to?identify?the?missing?element?
that?completes?a?pattern.
? ?Many?patterns?are?presented?in?the?form?of?a?6?6,?4?4,?3?3,?or?
2?2?matrix,?giving?the?test?its?name.
? All of the questions on the Raven's progressives
consist of visual geometric design with a missing
piece. The test taker is given six to eight choices to
pick from and fill in the missing piece.
[4]
? An IQ test item in the style of a Raven's
Progressive Matrices test. Given eight patterns,
the subject must identify the missing ninth
pattern
The Matrices are available in three different forms
for participants of different ability:
? Standard Progressive Matrices-This was
developed to assess a person?s intellectual ability
at the time of testing him with design or patterns.
? Person has to find relation between designs and
perform task. The booklet comprises five sets (A
to E) of 12 items each (e.g., A1 through A12),
? A and B-6 piece designs
? B & c-8 pieces of design. All items are presented
in black ink on a white background
? Coloured Progressive Matrices-Designed for
children aged 5 through 11 years-of-age, the
elderly, and mentally and physically impaired
individual participants.
? Tests the intellectual capacity of young
children and people.
? Coloured progressive matrixes-assess a
persons capacity of level of observation and
clear thinking
? This is a language free test
? The scale has two sets A and b and ab set
Advanced Progressive Matrices
? ?Persons?who?are?above?11?years?and?those?
who?are?above?average?in?mental?ability.
? Time?limit
? The?first?set?has?12?problems,2
nd
?set?contains?
48?items,?presented?as?one?set?of?12?(set?I),?
and?another?of?36?(set?II).?
Difference between individual test and
group test
Basic difference Individual test Group test
Sample size Small sample Ultra large samples
Format Open ended Multi choice
Examiner's role Significant role, Minimal role
Time factors More time consuming Less time consuming
Physical & personality test
? Physical abilities use tasks or abilities that
require physical ability to perform
? Measure physical attributes and characteristics
? Personality Assessment test:
? Personality means how people affect othersand
how they understand and view themselves as
well as their pattern of inner and outer
measurable traits and person situation
interaction
? Not a single characteristic; multidimensional in
nature with many interacting elements
Personality?assessment?test
? A?personality? test?is? a? questionnaire? or? other?
standardized? instrument? designed? to? reveal?
aspects? of? an? individual's? character? or?
psychological? makeup.? The? first?personality?
tests?were? developed? in? the? 1920s? and? were?
intended? to? ease? the? process? of? personnel?
selection,?particularly?in?the?armed?forces.?
? the?combination?of?characteristics?or?qualities?
that?form?an?individual's?distinctive?character.
Measuring personality:
? Personality rating methods
? Personality inventories
? Situational tests
? Projective methods
Personality rating methods
? Rating is a term applied or judgment regarding
some situation, object or character. Opinion
are usually expresses on a scale of values.
Rating techniques are derive which such
judgements may be quantified.
Rating scales:
?is a selected list of words , phrases , sentences or para
following which an observer records value or rating based
upon objective scale of values
? A rating scale is an instrument i.e. A list of questions
that is set to enable the reviewer to indicate the, size
or intensity of the underlying characteristics of a
person.
? Description of the characteristics ?clarity-rate
? Items on each scale must b described in such a way-to
know what they mean
? Items should be described in terms of behaviour
? The description of the personality
characteristic must be clear and we defined
? The item on each scale end must be described
? It should be concrete behaviour
Types?of?rating?scale:?
- Graphic?scale?
- A?straight?line?is?drawn?and?divided?into?many?parts?.?
Each?part-number?of?adjectives?are?written.
- Evaluator?has?to?mark?any?of?these.
- Length?of?the?line-5?inches
- 3-5?adjectives?are?used
- Division?on?the?line?should?be?equidistant
- Graphic?Rating?Scale?is?a?type?of?performance?
appraisal?method.?In?this?method?traits?or?behaviours?
that?are?important?for?effective?performance?are?listed?
out?and?each?employee?is?rated?against?these?traits.?
The?rating?helps?employers?to?quantify?the?behaviours?
displayed?by?its?employees.
? Numerical scale:
Marks as associated with certain indicators.
Data that are counted or measured using a
numerically defined method are called
numerical (quantitative).
Three point, five point seven point scale
? Ranking?order:?Statistical?technique,?rank?are?mentioned?in?the?
descending?order.?
? A?Rank?Order?scale?gives?the?respondent?a?set?of?items?and?asks?
them?to?put?the?items?in?some?form?oforder.?The?measure?of?
'order'?can?include?such?as?preference,?importance,?liking,?
effectiveness?and?so?on.?The?order?is?often?a?simple?ordinal?
structure?(A?is?higher?than?B)
? Paired?comparison?scale???each?person?compared?with?other?in?the?
group?
? The?Paired?Comparison?Scaling?is?a?comparative?scaling?technique?
wherein?the?respondent?is?shown?two?objects?at?the?same?time?and?
is?asked?to?select?one?according?to?the?defined?criterion.?
Rank order
Paired comparision
Forced choice scale
Forced choiced scale
? Forced choice refers to a specific format for
response options in survey questionnaires. In
a forced choice format, respondents are not
given a specific option to reflect a
"nonresponse" type choice, such as "no
opinion," "don't know," "not sure," or "not
applicable." Respondents must select a
response choice that provides a specific
answer to the survey item.
Rating interview-
The interviewing process often includes the use
of rating scales that the interviewers (also called
?raters?) use to evaluate the quality of the
interview and lead to some kind of
recommendation of the candidate for the job in
question.
Assess personality characteristicsof a subject on
a standardised rating scale.
Discusses worker?s achievement
? Situational tests: real life conditioning are
simulate
? Candidate?s spontaneous reactions will be
recorded
? It is done in a group and based on them
? It include role play, case studies, group
discussion

Types of situational test:
Derived from latin word socius ?social; metrum-
measure by Jacob L Moreno
Sociometry : the study of relationships within a
group of people.
Assess the positive and negative links between
persons within a group.
Sociometry is a way of measuring relationships
between people. Sociometric tests can include
variety of procedures used within social groups to
measure social status, popularity, peer
acceptance or rejection and reputation
Sociometry
? Used to evaluate group structure
? Measure amount of organization shown by
social group-sociometric test
? Made in respect to work, home , school
groups
? Determines position of each individual in a
group in which he has to function
CONSTRUCTION OF A SOCIOGRAM
A E F G
H
D
B I J
c K M
D is a star ?chosen by most of the members
J and g are unpopular
D serves as a bridge
ABCD has all channel communication
? Diagrammatic representation of patterns
showing interpersonal relationship
? This indicates choices, preferences, likes,
dislikes,interaction between individual
members in a group
? Gives a visual picture of sociometric structure
of a group
Various kinds of interaction in Sociometry test
? Social networks- a specific set of linkages among
defined set of people cluster
? Prescribed clusters- formal group within network
? Emergent clusters ? cluster of people who
temporarily align together to attain certain
objective
? Cliques- relatively permanent informal group
involving friendship
? Liaisons - individual who connect two or more
cluster but are no members of any cluster
? Bridges : connection as a linking pins by
belonging to two or more clusters
Importance of sociometry:
? Help to measure and build relationship
? Provide rich data
? Helps in group development
? Enhance group and individual perceptive
Psychodrama
?A body of philosophical, therapeutic,
educational, action based techniques-J.L
Moreno
- Action techniques in which individuals use
enactment to explore material that is
identified specific and personal to them.
Psychodrama is an action method, often used as
a psychotherapy, in which clients use
spontaneous dramatization, role playing, and
dramatic self-presentation to investigate and
gain insight into their lives.
Elements:
Stage- concrete situation within which protagonist story
can be brought to life
? Protagonist- is a person whose story is being enacted or
told. .
? the leading character or one of the major characters in a
play, film, novel, etc.
Director ? professional therapist who leads action and
planning.
He takes decisions involving what material
Auxiliary ego-is the position taken by other participants in a
role-playing exercise, or psychodrama, in order to simulate
particular situations for the protagonists.
role they take and what experience they bring to it.
Audience
Socio drama:
Variant of psychodrama
? A sociodrama is a dramatic play in which
several individuals spontaneously enact social
situations to understand situations more fully.
? Assign roles for the purpose of studying and
remedying problems in group or collective
relationships.
Enact various solutions to social problems.
? After each sociodrama, they have to debrief
an enactment and note what was learned.
? Brainstorm, problem solving and closure
Difference between Socio and
Psychodrama
PSYCHODRAMA SOCIOMETRY
EXPLORE INNER WORLD OF THE PERSON SOCIAL WORLD
INTRAPERSONAL INTERPERSONAL
Advantage of situational test:
Reveals personality characteristics
Superior to rating methods
Convenient
Useful in selection
Disadvantages:
Time consuming
Expensive
Personality inventories
? Francis Galton in 19
th
centaury
? Designed to assess the stable and enduring
characteristics of a person that may affect job
performance and workplace behavior.
? Inventories are known as questionnaires or scale
? Respondents are given list of statements in
standard order with fixed set of response
? Responses-assigned ratings to yield numerical
scores options
Types of inventories
? Bell adjustment inventory:
? Assesses individuals adjustment in variety of
situations
? Consists of 160 items & 4 subscales: home,
health, social, emotional
? High scores-poor adjustment; low scores-
better adjustment
Bernreuter test
? Robert G bernreuter-personality traits
? 125 questions-6 scales-B1N,B2S,B3-I,B4-D,F1C,
& F2S(BIPOLAR)
Personality characteristics of industrial and
other organisations
California Personality inventory
? *Created by Harrison Dough in 1956
? Purpose-to measure and evaluate an individual?s
interpersonal behavior and social interaction
? 434-true-false questions;18 scales
1. Measure of poise, ascendancy, self assurance and
interpersonal adequacy
2. Measure of socialization ,responsibility, intrapersonal
values, and character
3. Measure of achievement potiential & intellectual
efficiency
4. Measure of intellectual modes and interest modes
Minnesota personality scale
? Has separate forms for men and women
? Rates following aspects of personality
1. Morale
2. Social adjustment
3. Family relations
4. Emotionability-degree of stability
5. Used for last 2yrs of high school, college and
sometimes adults
6. Five choices-agree, strongly agree, undecided,
disagree,strongly disagree
? Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory
? 550 items, item is printed on separate card
? Inventory-indicates personality traits of the
individual
? One has to respond to questions with answers
?yes, no ,doubtful in the box provided.
? Responses are evaluated
Cornell index
? Standardised questionnaire for males only
? 101 items fall into 2 categories
1. Those differentiating sharply between persons
with serious personality disorders
(Does worrying continually get you down)
2. Those concerned with bodily symptoms-trouble
with food digestion
Response should be ?yes or no?
Effective in showing presence of anxiety states,
migraine,peptic ulcers, convulsive disorders,
asthma
Myer?briggs?type?indicator
? Based?on?Carl?jung?s?theory?of?personality
? Useful?in?promoting?personal?growth,?self?awareness,?
leadership?skills,?team?building,?career?development,?and?
improved?interpersonal?skills.
? Yields?scores?on?4??bipolar?dimensions:
1. Introversion-extroversion
2. Sensing-intuition- Sensing?and? intuition?are?the?
information-gathering?(perceiving)?functions.
3. Thinking-feeling-are?the?decision-making?(judging)?
functions.?Based?on?the?data?received?from?their?
information-gathering?functions
Subjective Objective
Perception Intuition/Sensing
Judging Feeling/Thinking
? Introversion?(thinking?things?through)?more?than?Extraversion?
(interacting?with?people)
? Sensing?(perceiving?tangible?facts)?more?than?iNtuition?
(perceiving?new?possibilities)
? Feeling?(making?decisions?using?subjective?values)?more?than?
Thinking?(making?decisions?using?objective?logic)
? Judgement?(an?organised?lifestyle)?more?than?Perception?(a?
flexible?lifestyle)
ISTJ ISFJ INFJ INTJ
ISTP ISFP INFP INTP
ESTP ESFP ENFP ENTP
ESTJ ESFJ ENFJ ENTJ
Myers-Briggs Types
Projective?methods
? A? projective?test?is?a?personality?test?designed?to?
let?a?person?respond?to?ambiguous?stimuli,?
presumably?revealing?hidden?emotions?and?
internal?conflicts?projected?by?the?person?into?the?
test
? Assess?the?way?people?respond?and?interpret?
inkblote?and?pictures?in?which?motives?and?
feelings?are?not?clear.
? This?is?a?sign?of?projection?of?their?own?
uncontrollable?feelings,?emotion,?personality??
characteristics
Rorschach Ink blot test
? Herman Rorschach-1921.
? determines the emotional and impulsive tendencies.
? Possible mental disturbance , introversion and
intelligence can be deduced
? Gives total image of testee?s personality
? Test composed of 10 cards on which inkblots appear
? Five inkblots are of black ink, two are of black and red
ink and three are multicolored, on a white background.
? Tester shows cards to the testee one by one and tests
responds what each card portrays
? Tester notes verbal responses(silences , time taken to
respond , how he holds the card , non-verbal behavior)
In next stage-what characteristics of
inkblots led to his responses which are
then noted, categorized &evaluated
on factors such as:
1. Observation and movement testee
has discerned from cards
2. Contents ascribed to inkblots-What
the inkblots represent
3. Light and shadow observed by
testee
4. Texture of the shapes that have
been observed-hair, skin
5. Responses are analysed
quantitatively and qualitatively
Thematic appreciation test
? Murray and morgon
? Individual is confronted with a situation and required
to make a imaginary story and reveal his personality
? The complete version of the test contains 32 picture
cards. Some of the cards show male figures, some
female, some both male and female figures, some of
ambiguous gender, some adults, some children, and
some show no human figures at all.
? One card is completely blank and is used to elicit both
a scene and a story about the given scene from the
storyteller
? The subject is asked to tell as dramatic a story as they can for
each picture presented, including the following:
? what has led up to the event shown
? what is happening at the moment
? what the characters are feeling and thinking
? what the outcome of the story was
? May be administered individually or in a group
? Each of these scoring categories attempts to measure the
following information:
? ?Story Design measures an individual?s ability to identify and
formulate a problem situation.
?Story Orientation assesses an examinees level of personal
control, emotional distress, confidence and motivation.
?Story Solutions assesses how impulsive an examinee is. In
addition to evaluating the types of problem solutions that are
provided, the number of problem solutions that examinees
provide for each of the TAT cards is summed.
? Story Resolution provides information on the examinees
ability to formulate problem solutions that maximize both
short and long-term goals.
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
? The?general?intelligence,? g,?influences?the?
performance?on?all?mental?tasks,?while?another?
component?influences?abilities?on?a?particular?
task.
[7]
? Raven's Progressive Matrices?(often?referred?to?simply?as?Raven's
Matrices)?or?RPM?is?a?nonverbal?group?test?typically?used?in?
educational?settings.
? ?It?is?usually?a?60-item?test?used?in?measuring?abstract?reasoning?and?
regarded?as?a?non-verbal?estimate?of?fluid?intelligence.
[
? 1]
?It?is?the?most?common?and?popular?test?administered?to?groups?
ranging?from?5-year-olds?to?the?elderly.
[2]
? ?It?is?made?of?60?multiple?choice?questions,?listed?in?order?of?
difficulty.
[2
? ]
?This?format?is?designed?to?measure?the?test?taker's?reasoning?ability,?
the?eductive?("meaning-making")?component?of?Spearman's? g?( g?is?
often?referred?to?as?general?intelligence).?
? The?tests?were?originally?developed?by?John?C.?Raven?in?1936.
[3]
?In?
each?test?item,?the?subject?is?asked?to?identify?the?missing?element?
that?completes?a?pattern.
? ?Many?patterns?are?presented?in?the?form?of?a?6?6,?4?4,?3?3,?or?
2?2?matrix,?giving?the?test?its?name.
? All of the questions on the Raven's progressives
consist of visual geometric design with a missing
piece. The test taker is given six to eight choices to
pick from and fill in the missing piece.
[4]
? An IQ test item in the style of a Raven's
Progressive Matrices test. Given eight patterns,
the subject must identify the missing ninth
pattern
The Matrices are available in three different forms
for participants of different ability:
? Standard Progressive Matrices-This was
developed to assess a person?s intellectual ability
at the time of testing him with design or patterns.
? Person has to find relation between designs and
perform task. The booklet comprises five sets (A
to E) of 12 items each (e.g., A1 through A12),
? A and B-6 piece designs
? B & c-8 pieces of design. All items are presented
in black ink on a white background
? Coloured Progressive Matrices-Designed for
children aged 5 through 11 years-of-age, the
elderly, and mentally and physically impaired
individual participants.
? Tests the intellectual capacity of young
children and people.
? Coloured progressive matrixes-assess a
persons capacity of level of observation and
clear thinking
? This is a language free test
? The scale has two sets A and b and ab set
Advanced Progressive Matrices
? ?Persons?who?are?above?11?years?and?those?
who?are?above?average?in?mental?ability.
? Time?limit
? The?first?set?has?12?problems,2
nd
?set?contains?
48?items,?presented?as?one?set?of?12?(set?I),?
and?another?of?36?(set?II).?
Difference between individual test and
group test
Basic difference Individual test Group test
Sample size Small sample Ultra large samples
Format Open ended Multi choice
Examiner's role Significant role, Minimal role
Time factors More time consuming Less time consuming
Physical & personality test
? Physical abilities use tasks or abilities that
require physical ability to perform
? Measure physical attributes and characteristics
? Personality Assessment test:
? Personality means how people affect othersand
how they understand and view themselves as
well as their pattern of inner and outer
measurable traits and person situation
interaction
? Not a single characteristic; multidimensional in
nature with many interacting elements
Personality?assessment?test
? A?personality? test?is? a? questionnaire? or? other?
standardized? instrument? designed? to? reveal?
aspects? of? an? individual's? character? or?
psychological? makeup.? The? first?personality?
tests?were? developed? in? the? 1920s? and? were?
intended? to? ease? the? process? of? personnel?
selection,?particularly?in?the?armed?forces.?
? the?combination?of?characteristics?or?qualities?
that?form?an?individual's?distinctive?character.
Measuring personality:
? Personality rating methods
? Personality inventories
? Situational tests
? Projective methods
Personality rating methods
? Rating is a term applied or judgment regarding
some situation, object or character. Opinion
are usually expresses on a scale of values.
Rating techniques are derive which such
judgements may be quantified.
Rating scales:
?is a selected list of words , phrases , sentences or para
following which an observer records value or rating based
upon objective scale of values
? A rating scale is an instrument i.e. A list of questions
that is set to enable the reviewer to indicate the, size
or intensity of the underlying characteristics of a
person.
? Description of the characteristics ?clarity-rate
? Items on each scale must b described in such a way-to
know what they mean
? Items should be described in terms of behaviour
? The description of the personality
characteristic must be clear and we defined
? The item on each scale end must be described
? It should be concrete behaviour
Types?of?rating?scale:?
- Graphic?scale?
- A?straight?line?is?drawn?and?divided?into?many?parts?.?
Each?part-number?of?adjectives?are?written.
- Evaluator?has?to?mark?any?of?these.
- Length?of?the?line-5?inches
- 3-5?adjectives?are?used
- Division?on?the?line?should?be?equidistant
- Graphic?Rating?Scale?is?a?type?of?performance?
appraisal?method.?In?this?method?traits?or?behaviours?
that?are?important?for?effective?performance?are?listed?
out?and?each?employee?is?rated?against?these?traits.?
The?rating?helps?employers?to?quantify?the?behaviours?
displayed?by?its?employees.
? Numerical scale:
Marks as associated with certain indicators.
Data that are counted or measured using a
numerically defined method are called
numerical (quantitative).
Three point, five point seven point scale
? Ranking?order:?Statistical?technique,?rank?are?mentioned?in?the?
descending?order.?
? A?Rank?Order?scale?gives?the?respondent?a?set?of?items?and?asks?
them?to?put?the?items?in?some?form?oforder.?The?measure?of?
'order'?can?include?such?as?preference,?importance,?liking,?
effectiveness?and?so?on.?The?order?is?often?a?simple?ordinal?
structure?(A?is?higher?than?B)
? Paired?comparison?scale???each?person?compared?with?other?in?the?
group?
? The?Paired?Comparison?Scaling?is?a?comparative?scaling?technique?
wherein?the?respondent?is?shown?two?objects?at?the?same?time?and?
is?asked?to?select?one?according?to?the?defined?criterion.?
Rank order
Paired comparision
Forced choice scale
Forced choiced scale
? Forced choice refers to a specific format for
response options in survey questionnaires. In
a forced choice format, respondents are not
given a specific option to reflect a
"nonresponse" type choice, such as "no
opinion," "don't know," "not sure," or "not
applicable." Respondents must select a
response choice that provides a specific
answer to the survey item.
Rating interview-
The interviewing process often includes the use
of rating scales that the interviewers (also called
?raters?) use to evaluate the quality of the
interview and lead to some kind of
recommendation of the candidate for the job in
question.
Assess personality characteristicsof a subject on
a standardised rating scale.
Discusses worker?s achievement
? Situational tests: real life conditioning are
simulate
? Candidate?s spontaneous reactions will be
recorded
? It is done in a group and based on them
? It include role play, case studies, group
discussion

Types of situational test:
Derived from latin word socius ?social; metrum-
measure by Jacob L Moreno
Sociometry : the study of relationships within a
group of people.
Assess the positive and negative links between
persons within a group.
Sociometry is a way of measuring relationships
between people. Sociometric tests can include
variety of procedures used within social groups to
measure social status, popularity, peer
acceptance or rejection and reputation
Sociometry
? Used to evaluate group structure
? Measure amount of organization shown by
social group-sociometric test
? Made in respect to work, home , school
groups
? Determines position of each individual in a
group in which he has to function
CONSTRUCTION OF A SOCIOGRAM
A E F G
H
D
B I J
c K M
D is a star ?chosen by most of the members
J and g are unpopular
D serves as a bridge
ABCD has all channel communication
? Diagrammatic representation of patterns
showing interpersonal relationship
? This indicates choices, preferences, likes,
dislikes,interaction between individual
members in a group
? Gives a visual picture of sociometric structure
of a group
Various kinds of interaction in Sociometry test
? Social networks- a specific set of linkages among
defined set of people cluster
? Prescribed clusters- formal group within network
? Emergent clusters ? cluster of people who
temporarily align together to attain certain
objective
? Cliques- relatively permanent informal group
involving friendship
? Liaisons - individual who connect two or more
cluster but are no members of any cluster
? Bridges : connection as a linking pins by
belonging to two or more clusters
Importance of sociometry:
? Help to measure and build relationship
? Provide rich data
? Helps in group development
? Enhance group and individual perceptive
Psychodrama
?A body of philosophical, therapeutic,
educational, action based techniques-J.L
Moreno
- Action techniques in which individuals use
enactment to explore material that is
identified specific and personal to them.
Psychodrama is an action method, often used as
a psychotherapy, in which clients use
spontaneous dramatization, role playing, and
dramatic self-presentation to investigate and
gain insight into their lives.
Elements:
Stage- concrete situation within which protagonist story
can be brought to life
? Protagonist- is a person whose story is being enacted or
told. .
? the leading character or one of the major characters in a
play, film, novel, etc.
Director ? professional therapist who leads action and
planning.
He takes decisions involving what material
Auxiliary ego-is the position taken by other participants in a
role-playing exercise, or psychodrama, in order to simulate
particular situations for the protagonists.
role they take and what experience they bring to it.
Audience
Socio drama:
Variant of psychodrama
? A sociodrama is a dramatic play in which
several individuals spontaneously enact social
situations to understand situations more fully.
? Assign roles for the purpose of studying and
remedying problems in group or collective
relationships.
Enact various solutions to social problems.
? After each sociodrama, they have to debrief
an enactment and note what was learned.
? Brainstorm, problem solving and closure
Difference between Socio and
Psychodrama
PSYCHODRAMA SOCIOMETRY
EXPLORE INNER WORLD OF THE PERSON SOCIAL WORLD
INTRAPERSONAL INTERPERSONAL
Advantage of situational test:
Reveals personality characteristics
Superior to rating methods
Convenient
Useful in selection
Disadvantages:
Time consuming
Expensive
Personality inventories
? Francis Galton in 19
th
centaury
? Designed to assess the stable and enduring
characteristics of a person that may affect job
performance and workplace behavior.
? Inventories are known as questionnaires or scale
? Respondents are given list of statements in
standard order with fixed set of response
? Responses-assigned ratings to yield numerical
scores options
Types of inventories
? Bell adjustment inventory:
? Assesses individuals adjustment in variety of
situations
? Consists of 160 items & 4 subscales: home,
health, social, emotional
? High scores-poor adjustment; low scores-
better adjustment
Bernreuter test
? Robert G bernreuter-personality traits
? 125 questions-6 scales-B1N,B2S,B3-I,B4-D,F1C,
& F2S(BIPOLAR)
Personality characteristics of industrial and
other organisations
California Personality inventory
? *Created by Harrison Dough in 1956
? Purpose-to measure and evaluate an individual?s
interpersonal behavior and social interaction
? 434-true-false questions;18 scales
1. Measure of poise, ascendancy, self assurance and
interpersonal adequacy
2. Measure of socialization ,responsibility, intrapersonal
values, and character
3. Measure of achievement potiential & intellectual
efficiency
4. Measure of intellectual modes and interest modes
Minnesota personality scale
? Has separate forms for men and women
? Rates following aspects of personality
1. Morale
2. Social adjustment
3. Family relations
4. Emotionability-degree of stability
5. Used for last 2yrs of high school, college and
sometimes adults
6. Five choices-agree, strongly agree, undecided,
disagree,strongly disagree
? Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory
? 550 items, item is printed on separate card
? Inventory-indicates personality traits of the
individual
? One has to respond to questions with answers
?yes, no ,doubtful in the box provided.
? Responses are evaluated
Cornell index
? Standardised questionnaire for males only
? 101 items fall into 2 categories
1. Those differentiating sharply between persons
with serious personality disorders
(Does worrying continually get you down)
2. Those concerned with bodily symptoms-trouble
with food digestion
Response should be ?yes or no?
Effective in showing presence of anxiety states,
migraine,peptic ulcers, convulsive disorders,
asthma
Myer?briggs?type?indicator
? Based?on?Carl?jung?s?theory?of?personality
? Useful?in?promoting?personal?growth,?self?awareness,?
leadership?skills,?team?building,?career?development,?and?
improved?interpersonal?skills.
? Yields?scores?on?4??bipolar?dimensions:
1. Introversion-extroversion
2. Sensing-intuition- Sensing?and? intuition?are?the?
information-gathering?(perceiving)?functions.
3. Thinking-feeling-are?the?decision-making?(judging)?
functions.?Based?on?the?data?received?from?their?
information-gathering?functions
Subjective Objective
Perception Intuition/Sensing
Judging Feeling/Thinking
? Introversion?(thinking?things?through)?more?than?Extraversion?
(interacting?with?people)
? Sensing?(perceiving?tangible?facts)?more?than?iNtuition?
(perceiving?new?possibilities)
? Feeling?(making?decisions?using?subjective?values)?more?than?
Thinking?(making?decisions?using?objective?logic)
? Judgement?(an?organised?lifestyle)?more?than?Perception?(a?
flexible?lifestyle)
ISTJ ISFJ INFJ INTJ
ISTP ISFP INFP INTP
ESTP ESFP ENFP ENTP
ESTJ ESFJ ENFJ ENTJ
Myers-Briggs Types
Projective?methods
? A? projective?test?is?a?personality?test?designed?to?
let?a?person?respond?to?ambiguous?stimuli,?
presumably?revealing?hidden?emotions?and?
internal?conflicts?projected?by?the?person?into?the?
test
? Assess?the?way?people?respond?and?interpret?
inkblote?and?pictures?in?which?motives?and?
feelings?are?not?clear.
? This?is?a?sign?of?projection?of?their?own?
uncontrollable?feelings,?emotion,?personality??
characteristics
Rorschach Ink blot test
? Herman Rorschach-1921.
? determines the emotional and impulsive tendencies.
? Possible mental disturbance , introversion and
intelligence can be deduced
? Gives total image of testee?s personality
? Test composed of 10 cards on which inkblots appear
? Five inkblots are of black ink, two are of black and red
ink and three are multicolored, on a white background.
? Tester shows cards to the testee one by one and tests
responds what each card portrays
? Tester notes verbal responses(silences , time taken to
respond , how he holds the card , non-verbal behavior)
In next stage-what characteristics of
inkblots led to his responses which are
then noted, categorized &evaluated
on factors such as:
1. Observation and movement testee
has discerned from cards
2. Contents ascribed to inkblots-What
the inkblots represent
3. Light and shadow observed by
testee
4. Texture of the shapes that have
been observed-hair, skin
5. Responses are analysed
quantitatively and qualitatively
Thematic appreciation test
? Murray and morgon
? Individual is confronted with a situation and required
to make a imaginary story and reveal his personality
? The complete version of the test contains 32 picture
cards. Some of the cards show male figures, some
female, some both male and female figures, some of
ambiguous gender, some adults, some children, and
some show no human figures at all.
? One card is completely blank and is used to elicit both
a scene and a story about the given scene from the
storyteller
? The subject is asked to tell as dramatic a story as they can for
each picture presented, including the following:
? what has led up to the event shown
? what is happening at the moment
? what the characters are feeling and thinking
? what the outcome of the story was
? May be administered individually or in a group
? Each of these scoring categories attempts to measure the
following information:
? ?Story Design measures an individual?s ability to identify and
formulate a problem situation.
?Story Orientation assesses an examinees level of personal
control, emotional distress, confidence and motivation.
?Story Solutions assesses how impulsive an examinee is. In
addition to evaluating the types of problem solutions that are
provided, the number of problem solutions that examinees
provide for each of the TAT cards is summed.
? Story Resolution provides information on the examinees
ability to formulate problem solutions that maximize both
short and long-term goals.
5 different aspects
? Hero-When there is a older and younger
women it is clear younger is hero
? Need of the hero : identify needs motives ,
desires of the hero
? Identifies the presses: Any environmental
factor that may interfere with her needs
? Scoring for themes: nature of interplay and
conflict between needs and presses-type
of emotions elicited by the conflict how it
is resolved
? Scoring for outcome-comparative
strengths emanating from the hero,
strengths of the environment, amount of
hardship, frustration experienced, degree
of success and failure, happy and unhappy
endings.
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
? The?general?intelligence,? g,?influences?the?
performance?on?all?mental?tasks,?while?another?
component?influences?abilities?on?a?particular?
task.
[7]
? Raven's Progressive Matrices?(often?referred?to?simply?as?Raven's
Matrices)?or?RPM?is?a?nonverbal?group?test?typically?used?in?
educational?settings.
? ?It?is?usually?a?60-item?test?used?in?measuring?abstract?reasoning?and?
regarded?as?a?non-verbal?estimate?of?fluid?intelligence.
[
? 1]
?It?is?the?most?common?and?popular?test?administered?to?groups?
ranging?from?5-year-olds?to?the?elderly.
[2]
? ?It?is?made?of?60?multiple?choice?questions,?listed?in?order?of?
difficulty.
[2
? ]
?This?format?is?designed?to?measure?the?test?taker's?reasoning?ability,?
the?eductive?("meaning-making")?component?of?Spearman's? g?( g?is?
often?referred?to?as?general?intelligence).?
? The?tests?were?originally?developed?by?John?C.?Raven?in?1936.
[3]
?In?
each?test?item,?the?subject?is?asked?to?identify?the?missing?element?
that?completes?a?pattern.
? ?Many?patterns?are?presented?in?the?form?of?a?6?6,?4?4,?3?3,?or?
2?2?matrix,?giving?the?test?its?name.
? All of the questions on the Raven's progressives
consist of visual geometric design with a missing
piece. The test taker is given six to eight choices to
pick from and fill in the missing piece.
[4]
? An IQ test item in the style of a Raven's
Progressive Matrices test. Given eight patterns,
the subject must identify the missing ninth
pattern
The Matrices are available in three different forms
for participants of different ability:
? Standard Progressive Matrices-This was
developed to assess a person?s intellectual ability
at the time of testing him with design or patterns.
? Person has to find relation between designs and
perform task. The booklet comprises five sets (A
to E) of 12 items each (e.g., A1 through A12),
? A and B-6 piece designs
? B & c-8 pieces of design. All items are presented
in black ink on a white background
? Coloured Progressive Matrices-Designed for
children aged 5 through 11 years-of-age, the
elderly, and mentally and physically impaired
individual participants.
? Tests the intellectual capacity of young
children and people.
? Coloured progressive matrixes-assess a
persons capacity of level of observation and
clear thinking
? This is a language free test
? The scale has two sets A and b and ab set
Advanced Progressive Matrices
? ?Persons?who?are?above?11?years?and?those?
who?are?above?average?in?mental?ability.
? Time?limit
? The?first?set?has?12?problems,2
nd
?set?contains?
48?items,?presented?as?one?set?of?12?(set?I),?
and?another?of?36?(set?II).?
Difference between individual test and
group test
Basic difference Individual test Group test
Sample size Small sample Ultra large samples
Format Open ended Multi choice
Examiner's role Significant role, Minimal role
Time factors More time consuming Less time consuming
Physical & personality test
? Physical abilities use tasks or abilities that
require physical ability to perform
? Measure physical attributes and characteristics
? Personality Assessment test:
? Personality means how people affect othersand
how they understand and view themselves as
well as their pattern of inner and outer
measurable traits and person situation
interaction
? Not a single characteristic; multidimensional in
nature with many interacting elements
Personality?assessment?test
? A?personality? test?is? a? questionnaire? or? other?
standardized? instrument? designed? to? reveal?
aspects? of? an? individual's? character? or?
psychological? makeup.? The? first?personality?
tests?were? developed? in? the? 1920s? and? were?
intended? to? ease? the? process? of? personnel?
selection,?particularly?in?the?armed?forces.?
? the?combination?of?characteristics?or?qualities?
that?form?an?individual's?distinctive?character.
Measuring personality:
? Personality rating methods
? Personality inventories
? Situational tests
? Projective methods
Personality rating methods
? Rating is a term applied or judgment regarding
some situation, object or character. Opinion
are usually expresses on a scale of values.
Rating techniques are derive which such
judgements may be quantified.
Rating scales:
?is a selected list of words , phrases , sentences or para
following which an observer records value or rating based
upon objective scale of values
? A rating scale is an instrument i.e. A list of questions
that is set to enable the reviewer to indicate the, size
or intensity of the underlying characteristics of a
person.
? Description of the characteristics ?clarity-rate
? Items on each scale must b described in such a way-to
know what they mean
? Items should be described in terms of behaviour
? The description of the personality
characteristic must be clear and we defined
? The item on each scale end must be described
? It should be concrete behaviour
Types?of?rating?scale:?
- Graphic?scale?
- A?straight?line?is?drawn?and?divided?into?many?parts?.?
Each?part-number?of?adjectives?are?written.
- Evaluator?has?to?mark?any?of?these.
- Length?of?the?line-5?inches
- 3-5?adjectives?are?used
- Division?on?the?line?should?be?equidistant
- Graphic?Rating?Scale?is?a?type?of?performance?
appraisal?method.?In?this?method?traits?or?behaviours?
that?are?important?for?effective?performance?are?listed?
out?and?each?employee?is?rated?against?these?traits.?
The?rating?helps?employers?to?quantify?the?behaviours?
displayed?by?its?employees.
? Numerical scale:
Marks as associated with certain indicators.
Data that are counted or measured using a
numerically defined method are called
numerical (quantitative).
Three point, five point seven point scale
? Ranking?order:?Statistical?technique,?rank?are?mentioned?in?the?
descending?order.?
? A?Rank?Order?scale?gives?the?respondent?a?set?of?items?and?asks?
them?to?put?the?items?in?some?form?oforder.?The?measure?of?
'order'?can?include?such?as?preference,?importance,?liking,?
effectiveness?and?so?on.?The?order?is?often?a?simple?ordinal?
structure?(A?is?higher?than?B)
? Paired?comparison?scale???each?person?compared?with?other?in?the?
group?
? The?Paired?Comparison?Scaling?is?a?comparative?scaling?technique?
wherein?the?respondent?is?shown?two?objects?at?the?same?time?and?
is?asked?to?select?one?according?to?the?defined?criterion.?
Rank order
Paired comparision
Forced choice scale
Forced choiced scale
? Forced choice refers to a specific format for
response options in survey questionnaires. In
a forced choice format, respondents are not
given a specific option to reflect a
"nonresponse" type choice, such as "no
opinion," "don't know," "not sure," or "not
applicable." Respondents must select a
response choice that provides a specific
answer to the survey item.
Rating interview-
The interviewing process often includes the use
of rating scales that the interviewers (also called
?raters?) use to evaluate the quality of the
interview and lead to some kind of
recommendation of the candidate for the job in
question.
Assess personality characteristicsof a subject on
a standardised rating scale.
Discusses worker?s achievement
? Situational tests: real life conditioning are
simulate
? Candidate?s spontaneous reactions will be
recorded
? It is done in a group and based on them
? It include role play, case studies, group
discussion

Types of situational test:
Derived from latin word socius ?social; metrum-
measure by Jacob L Moreno
Sociometry : the study of relationships within a
group of people.
Assess the positive and negative links between
persons within a group.
Sociometry is a way of measuring relationships
between people. Sociometric tests can include
variety of procedures used within social groups to
measure social status, popularity, peer
acceptance or rejection and reputation
Sociometry
? Used to evaluate group structure
? Measure amount of organization shown by
social group-sociometric test
? Made in respect to work, home , school
groups
? Determines position of each individual in a
group in which he has to function
CONSTRUCTION OF A SOCIOGRAM
A E F G
H
D
B I J
c K M
D is a star ?chosen by most of the members
J and g are unpopular
D serves as a bridge
ABCD has all channel communication
? Diagrammatic representation of patterns
showing interpersonal relationship
? This indicates choices, preferences, likes,
dislikes,interaction between individual
members in a group
? Gives a visual picture of sociometric structure
of a group
Various kinds of interaction in Sociometry test
? Social networks- a specific set of linkages among
defined set of people cluster
? Prescribed clusters- formal group within network
? Emergent clusters ? cluster of people who
temporarily align together to attain certain
objective
? Cliques- relatively permanent informal group
involving friendship
? Liaisons - individual who connect two or more
cluster but are no members of any cluster
? Bridges : connection as a linking pins by
belonging to two or more clusters
Importance of sociometry:
? Help to measure and build relationship
? Provide rich data
? Helps in group development
? Enhance group and individual perceptive
Psychodrama
?A body of philosophical, therapeutic,
educational, action based techniques-J.L
Moreno
- Action techniques in which individuals use
enactment to explore material that is
identified specific and personal to them.
Psychodrama is an action method, often used as
a psychotherapy, in which clients use
spontaneous dramatization, role playing, and
dramatic self-presentation to investigate and
gain insight into their lives.
Elements:
Stage- concrete situation within which protagonist story
can be brought to life
? Protagonist- is a person whose story is being enacted or
told. .
? the leading character or one of the major characters in a
play, film, novel, etc.
Director ? professional therapist who leads action and
planning.
He takes decisions involving what material
Auxiliary ego-is the position taken by other participants in a
role-playing exercise, or psychodrama, in order to simulate
particular situations for the protagonists.
role they take and what experience they bring to it.
Audience
Socio drama:
Variant of psychodrama
? A sociodrama is a dramatic play in which
several individuals spontaneously enact social
situations to understand situations more fully.
? Assign roles for the purpose of studying and
remedying problems in group or collective
relationships.
Enact various solutions to social problems.
? After each sociodrama, they have to debrief
an enactment and note what was learned.
? Brainstorm, problem solving and closure
Difference between Socio and
Psychodrama
PSYCHODRAMA SOCIOMETRY
EXPLORE INNER WORLD OF THE PERSON SOCIAL WORLD
INTRAPERSONAL INTERPERSONAL
Advantage of situational test:
Reveals personality characteristics
Superior to rating methods
Convenient
Useful in selection
Disadvantages:
Time consuming
Expensive
Personality inventories
? Francis Galton in 19
th
centaury
? Designed to assess the stable and enduring
characteristics of a person that may affect job
performance and workplace behavior.
? Inventories are known as questionnaires or scale
? Respondents are given list of statements in
standard order with fixed set of response
? Responses-assigned ratings to yield numerical
scores options
Types of inventories
? Bell adjustment inventory:
? Assesses individuals adjustment in variety of
situations
? Consists of 160 items & 4 subscales: home,
health, social, emotional
? High scores-poor adjustment; low scores-
better adjustment
Bernreuter test
? Robert G bernreuter-personality traits
? 125 questions-6 scales-B1N,B2S,B3-I,B4-D,F1C,
& F2S(BIPOLAR)
Personality characteristics of industrial and
other organisations
California Personality inventory
? *Created by Harrison Dough in 1956
? Purpose-to measure and evaluate an individual?s
interpersonal behavior and social interaction
? 434-true-false questions;18 scales
1. Measure of poise, ascendancy, self assurance and
interpersonal adequacy
2. Measure of socialization ,responsibility, intrapersonal
values, and character
3. Measure of achievement potiential & intellectual
efficiency
4. Measure of intellectual modes and interest modes
Minnesota personality scale
? Has separate forms for men and women
? Rates following aspects of personality
1. Morale
2. Social adjustment
3. Family relations
4. Emotionability-degree of stability
5. Used for last 2yrs of high school, college and
sometimes adults
6. Five choices-agree, strongly agree, undecided,
disagree,strongly disagree
? Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory
? 550 items, item is printed on separate card
? Inventory-indicates personality traits of the
individual
? One has to respond to questions with answers
?yes, no ,doubtful in the box provided.
? Responses are evaluated
Cornell index
? Standardised questionnaire for males only
? 101 items fall into 2 categories
1. Those differentiating sharply between persons
with serious personality disorders
(Does worrying continually get you down)
2. Those concerned with bodily symptoms-trouble
with food digestion
Response should be ?yes or no?
Effective in showing presence of anxiety states,
migraine,peptic ulcers, convulsive disorders,
asthma
Myer?briggs?type?indicator
? Based?on?Carl?jung?s?theory?of?personality
? Useful?in?promoting?personal?growth,?self?awareness,?
leadership?skills,?team?building,?career?development,?and?
improved?interpersonal?skills.
? Yields?scores?on?4??bipolar?dimensions:
1. Introversion-extroversion
2. Sensing-intuition- Sensing?and? intuition?are?the?
information-gathering?(perceiving)?functions.
3. Thinking-feeling-are?the?decision-making?(judging)?
functions.?Based?on?the?data?received?from?their?
information-gathering?functions
Subjective Objective
Perception Intuition/Sensing
Judging Feeling/Thinking
? Introversion?(thinking?things?through)?more?than?Extraversion?
(interacting?with?people)
? Sensing?(perceiving?tangible?facts)?more?than?iNtuition?
(perceiving?new?possibilities)
? Feeling?(making?decisions?using?subjective?values)?more?than?
Thinking?(making?decisions?using?objective?logic)
? Judgement?(an?organised?lifestyle)?more?than?Perception?(a?
flexible?lifestyle)
ISTJ ISFJ INFJ INTJ
ISTP ISFP INFP INTP
ESTP ESFP ENFP ENTP
ESTJ ESFJ ENFJ ENTJ
Myers-Briggs Types
Projective?methods
? A? projective?test?is?a?personality?test?designed?to?
let?a?person?respond?to?ambiguous?stimuli,?
presumably?revealing?hidden?emotions?and?
internal?conflicts?projected?by?the?person?into?the?
test
? Assess?the?way?people?respond?and?interpret?
inkblote?and?pictures?in?which?motives?and?
feelings?are?not?clear.
? This?is?a?sign?of?projection?of?their?own?
uncontrollable?feelings,?emotion,?personality??
characteristics
Rorschach Ink blot test
? Herman Rorschach-1921.
? determines the emotional and impulsive tendencies.
? Possible mental disturbance , introversion and
intelligence can be deduced
? Gives total image of testee?s personality
? Test composed of 10 cards on which inkblots appear
? Five inkblots are of black ink, two are of black and red
ink and three are multicolored, on a white background.
? Tester shows cards to the testee one by one and tests
responds what each card portrays
? Tester notes verbal responses(silences , time taken to
respond , how he holds the card , non-verbal behavior)
In next stage-what characteristics of
inkblots led to his responses which are
then noted, categorized &evaluated
on factors such as:
1. Observation and movement testee
has discerned from cards
2. Contents ascribed to inkblots-What
the inkblots represent
3. Light and shadow observed by
testee
4. Texture of the shapes that have
been observed-hair, skin
5. Responses are analysed
quantitatively and qualitatively
Thematic appreciation test
? Murray and morgon
? Individual is confronted with a situation and required
to make a imaginary story and reveal his personality
? The complete version of the test contains 32 picture
cards. Some of the cards show male figures, some
female, some both male and female figures, some of
ambiguous gender, some adults, some children, and
some show no human figures at all.
? One card is completely blank and is used to elicit both
a scene and a story about the given scene from the
storyteller
? The subject is asked to tell as dramatic a story as they can for
each picture presented, including the following:
? what has led up to the event shown
? what is happening at the moment
? what the characters are feeling and thinking
? what the outcome of the story was
? May be administered individually or in a group
? Each of these scoring categories attempts to measure the
following information:
? ?Story Design measures an individual?s ability to identify and
formulate a problem situation.
?Story Orientation assesses an examinees level of personal
control, emotional distress, confidence and motivation.
?Story Solutions assesses how impulsive an examinee is. In
addition to evaluating the types of problem solutions that are
provided, the number of problem solutions that examinees
provide for each of the TAT cards is summed.
? Story Resolution provides information on the examinees
ability to formulate problem solutions that maximize both
short and long-term goals.
5 different aspects
? Hero-When there is a older and younger
women it is clear younger is hero
? Need of the hero : identify needs motives ,
desires of the hero
? Identifies the presses: Any environmental
factor that may interfere with her needs
? Scoring for themes: nature of interplay and
conflict between needs and presses-type
of emotions elicited by the conflict how it
is resolved
? Scoring for outcome-comparative
strengths emanating from the hero,
strengths of the environment, amount of
hardship, frustration experienced, degree
of success and failure, happy and unhappy
endings.
Children appreciation test
? 3-10 age group
? 10 cards-Depict animal characters
? Should focus on identification of 10 characters
? Main theme
? Main hero
? Main needs and drives of hero
? Conception of the environment
? How figures are seen
? Significant conflicts
? Nature of anxieties
? Main defence against conflict and fears
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
? The?general?intelligence,? g,?influences?the?
performance?on?all?mental?tasks,?while?another?
component?influences?abilities?on?a?particular?
task.
[7]
? Raven's Progressive Matrices?(often?referred?to?simply?as?Raven's
Matrices)?or?RPM?is?a?nonverbal?group?test?typically?used?in?
educational?settings.
? ?It?is?usually?a?60-item?test?used?in?measuring?abstract?reasoning?and?
regarded?as?a?non-verbal?estimate?of?fluid?intelligence.
[
? 1]
?It?is?the?most?common?and?popular?test?administered?to?groups?
ranging?from?5-year-olds?to?the?elderly.
[2]
? ?It?is?made?of?60?multiple?choice?questions,?listed?in?order?of?
difficulty.
[2
? ]
?This?format?is?designed?to?measure?the?test?taker's?reasoning?ability,?
the?eductive?("meaning-making")?component?of?Spearman's? g?( g?is?
often?referred?to?as?general?intelligence).?
? The?tests?were?originally?developed?by?John?C.?Raven?in?1936.
[3]
?In?
each?test?item,?the?subject?is?asked?to?identify?the?missing?element?
that?completes?a?pattern.
? ?Many?patterns?are?presented?in?the?form?of?a?6?6,?4?4,?3?3,?or?
2?2?matrix,?giving?the?test?its?name.
? All of the questions on the Raven's progressives
consist of visual geometric design with a missing
piece. The test taker is given six to eight choices to
pick from and fill in the missing piece.
[4]
? An IQ test item in the style of a Raven's
Progressive Matrices test. Given eight patterns,
the subject must identify the missing ninth
pattern
The Matrices are available in three different forms
for participants of different ability:
? Standard Progressive Matrices-This was
developed to assess a person?s intellectual ability
at the time of testing him with design or patterns.
? Person has to find relation between designs and
perform task. The booklet comprises five sets (A
to E) of 12 items each (e.g., A1 through A12),
? A and B-6 piece designs
? B & c-8 pieces of design. All items are presented
in black ink on a white background
? Coloured Progressive Matrices-Designed for
children aged 5 through 11 years-of-age, the
elderly, and mentally and physically impaired
individual participants.
? Tests the intellectual capacity of young
children and people.
? Coloured progressive matrixes-assess a
persons capacity of level of observation and
clear thinking
? This is a language free test
? The scale has two sets A and b and ab set
Advanced Progressive Matrices
? ?Persons?who?are?above?11?years?and?those?
who?are?above?average?in?mental?ability.
? Time?limit
? The?first?set?has?12?problems,2
nd
?set?contains?
48?items,?presented?as?one?set?of?12?(set?I),?
and?another?of?36?(set?II).?
Difference between individual test and
group test
Basic difference Individual test Group test
Sample size Small sample Ultra large samples
Format Open ended Multi choice
Examiner's role Significant role, Minimal role
Time factors More time consuming Less time consuming
Physical & personality test
? Physical abilities use tasks or abilities that
require physical ability to perform
? Measure physical attributes and characteristics
? Personality Assessment test:
? Personality means how people affect othersand
how they understand and view themselves as
well as their pattern of inner and outer
measurable traits and person situation
interaction
? Not a single characteristic; multidimensional in
nature with many interacting elements
Personality?assessment?test
? A?personality? test?is? a? questionnaire? or? other?
standardized? instrument? designed? to? reveal?
aspects? of? an? individual's? character? or?
psychological? makeup.? The? first?personality?
tests?were? developed? in? the? 1920s? and? were?
intended? to? ease? the? process? of? personnel?
selection,?particularly?in?the?armed?forces.?
? the?combination?of?characteristics?or?qualities?
that?form?an?individual's?distinctive?character.
Measuring personality:
? Personality rating methods
? Personality inventories
? Situational tests
? Projective methods
Personality rating methods
? Rating is a term applied or judgment regarding
some situation, object or character. Opinion
are usually expresses on a scale of values.
Rating techniques are derive which such
judgements may be quantified.
Rating scales:
?is a selected list of words , phrases , sentences or para
following which an observer records value or rating based
upon objective scale of values
? A rating scale is an instrument i.e. A list of questions
that is set to enable the reviewer to indicate the, size
or intensity of the underlying characteristics of a
person.
? Description of the characteristics ?clarity-rate
? Items on each scale must b described in such a way-to
know what they mean
? Items should be described in terms of behaviour
? The description of the personality
characteristic must be clear and we defined
? The item on each scale end must be described
? It should be concrete behaviour
Types?of?rating?scale:?
- Graphic?scale?
- A?straight?line?is?drawn?and?divided?into?many?parts?.?
Each?part-number?of?adjectives?are?written.
- Evaluator?has?to?mark?any?of?these.
- Length?of?the?line-5?inches
- 3-5?adjectives?are?used
- Division?on?the?line?should?be?equidistant
- Graphic?Rating?Scale?is?a?type?of?performance?
appraisal?method.?In?this?method?traits?or?behaviours?
that?are?important?for?effective?performance?are?listed?
out?and?each?employee?is?rated?against?these?traits.?
The?rating?helps?employers?to?quantify?the?behaviours?
displayed?by?its?employees.
? Numerical scale:
Marks as associated with certain indicators.
Data that are counted or measured using a
numerically defined method are called
numerical (quantitative).
Three point, five point seven point scale
? Ranking?order:?Statistical?technique,?rank?are?mentioned?in?the?
descending?order.?
? A?Rank?Order?scale?gives?the?respondent?a?set?of?items?and?asks?
them?to?put?the?items?in?some?form?oforder.?The?measure?of?
'order'?can?include?such?as?preference,?importance,?liking,?
effectiveness?and?so?on.?The?order?is?often?a?simple?ordinal?
structure?(A?is?higher?than?B)
? Paired?comparison?scale???each?person?compared?with?other?in?the?
group?
? The?Paired?Comparison?Scaling?is?a?comparative?scaling?technique?
wherein?the?respondent?is?shown?two?objects?at?the?same?time?and?
is?asked?to?select?one?according?to?the?defined?criterion.?
Rank order
Paired comparision
Forced choice scale
Forced choiced scale
? Forced choice refers to a specific format for
response options in survey questionnaires. In
a forced choice format, respondents are not
given a specific option to reflect a
"nonresponse" type choice, such as "no
opinion," "don't know," "not sure," or "not
applicable." Respondents must select a
response choice that provides a specific
answer to the survey item.
Rating interview-
The interviewing process often includes the use
of rating scales that the interviewers (also called
?raters?) use to evaluate the quality of the
interview and lead to some kind of
recommendation of the candidate for the job in
question.
Assess personality characteristicsof a subject on
a standardised rating scale.
Discusses worker?s achievement
? Situational tests: real life conditioning are
simulate
? Candidate?s spontaneous reactions will be
recorded
? It is done in a group and based on them
? It include role play, case studies, group
discussion

Types of situational test:
Derived from latin word socius ?social; metrum-
measure by Jacob L Moreno
Sociometry : the study of relationships within a
group of people.
Assess the positive and negative links between
persons within a group.
Sociometry is a way of measuring relationships
between people. Sociometric tests can include
variety of procedures used within social groups to
measure social status, popularity, peer
acceptance or rejection and reputation
Sociometry
? Used to evaluate group structure
? Measure amount of organization shown by
social group-sociometric test
? Made in respect to work, home , school
groups
? Determines position of each individual in a
group in which he has to function
CONSTRUCTION OF A SOCIOGRAM
A E F G
H
D
B I J
c K M
D is a star ?chosen by most of the members
J and g are unpopular
D serves as a bridge
ABCD has all channel communication
? Diagrammatic representation of patterns
showing interpersonal relationship
? This indicates choices, preferences, likes,
dislikes,interaction between individual
members in a group
? Gives a visual picture of sociometric structure
of a group
Various kinds of interaction in Sociometry test
? Social networks- a specific set of linkages among
defined set of people cluster
? Prescribed clusters- formal group within network
? Emergent clusters ? cluster of people who
temporarily align together to attain certain
objective
? Cliques- relatively permanent informal group
involving friendship
? Liaisons - individual who connect two or more
cluster but are no members of any cluster
? Bridges : connection as a linking pins by
belonging to two or more clusters
Importance of sociometry:
? Help to measure and build relationship
? Provide rich data
? Helps in group development
? Enhance group and individual perceptive
Psychodrama
?A body of philosophical, therapeutic,
educational, action based techniques-J.L
Moreno
- Action techniques in which individuals use
enactment to explore material that is
identified specific and personal to them.
Psychodrama is an action method, often used as
a psychotherapy, in which clients use
spontaneous dramatization, role playing, and
dramatic self-presentation to investigate and
gain insight into their lives.
Elements:
Stage- concrete situation within which protagonist story
can be brought to life
? Protagonist- is a person whose story is being enacted or
told. .
? the leading character or one of the major characters in a
play, film, novel, etc.
Director ? professional therapist who leads action and
planning.
He takes decisions involving what material
Auxiliary ego-is the position taken by other participants in a
role-playing exercise, or psychodrama, in order to simulate
particular situations for the protagonists.
role they take and what experience they bring to it.
Audience
Socio drama:
Variant of psychodrama
? A sociodrama is a dramatic play in which
several individuals spontaneously enact social
situations to understand situations more fully.
? Assign roles for the purpose of studying and
remedying problems in group or collective
relationships.
Enact various solutions to social problems.
? After each sociodrama, they have to debrief
an enactment and note what was learned.
? Brainstorm, problem solving and closure
Difference between Socio and
Psychodrama
PSYCHODRAMA SOCIOMETRY
EXPLORE INNER WORLD OF THE PERSON SOCIAL WORLD
INTRAPERSONAL INTERPERSONAL
Advantage of situational test:
Reveals personality characteristics
Superior to rating methods
Convenient
Useful in selection
Disadvantages:
Time consuming
Expensive
Personality inventories
? Francis Galton in 19
th
centaury
? Designed to assess the stable and enduring
characteristics of a person that may affect job
performance and workplace behavior.
? Inventories are known as questionnaires or scale
? Respondents are given list of statements in
standard order with fixed set of response
? Responses-assigned ratings to yield numerical
scores options
Types of inventories
? Bell adjustment inventory:
? Assesses individuals adjustment in variety of
situations
? Consists of 160 items & 4 subscales: home,
health, social, emotional
? High scores-poor adjustment; low scores-
better adjustment
Bernreuter test
? Robert G bernreuter-personality traits
? 125 questions-6 scales-B1N,B2S,B3-I,B4-D,F1C,
& F2S(BIPOLAR)
Personality characteristics of industrial and
other organisations
California Personality inventory
? *Created by Harrison Dough in 1956
? Purpose-to measure and evaluate an individual?s
interpersonal behavior and social interaction
? 434-true-false questions;18 scales
1. Measure of poise, ascendancy, self assurance and
interpersonal adequacy
2. Measure of socialization ,responsibility, intrapersonal
values, and character
3. Measure of achievement potiential & intellectual
efficiency
4. Measure of intellectual modes and interest modes
Minnesota personality scale
? Has separate forms for men and women
? Rates following aspects of personality
1. Morale
2. Social adjustment
3. Family relations
4. Emotionability-degree of stability
5. Used for last 2yrs of high school, college and
sometimes adults
6. Five choices-agree, strongly agree, undecided,
disagree,strongly disagree
? Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory
? 550 items, item is printed on separate card
? Inventory-indicates personality traits of the
individual
? One has to respond to questions with answers
?yes, no ,doubtful in the box provided.
? Responses are evaluated
Cornell index
? Standardised questionnaire for males only
? 101 items fall into 2 categories
1. Those differentiating sharply between persons
with serious personality disorders
(Does worrying continually get you down)
2. Those concerned with bodily symptoms-trouble
with food digestion
Response should be ?yes or no?
Effective in showing presence of anxiety states,
migraine,peptic ulcers, convulsive disorders,
asthma
Myer?briggs?type?indicator
? Based?on?Carl?jung?s?theory?of?personality
? Useful?in?promoting?personal?growth,?self?awareness,?
leadership?skills,?team?building,?career?development,?and?
improved?interpersonal?skills.
? Yields?scores?on?4??bipolar?dimensions:
1. Introversion-extroversion
2. Sensing-intuition- Sensing?and? intuition?are?the?
information-gathering?(perceiving)?functions.
3. Thinking-feeling-are?the?decision-making?(judging)?
functions.?Based?on?the?data?received?from?their?
information-gathering?functions
Subjective Objective
Perception Intuition/Sensing
Judging Feeling/Thinking
? Introversion?(thinking?things?through)?more?than?Extraversion?
(interacting?with?people)
? Sensing?(perceiving?tangible?facts)?more?than?iNtuition?
(perceiving?new?possibilities)
? Feeling?(making?decisions?using?subjective?values)?more?than?
Thinking?(making?decisions?using?objective?logic)
? Judgement?(an?organised?lifestyle)?more?than?Perception?(a?
flexible?lifestyle)
ISTJ ISFJ INFJ INTJ
ISTP ISFP INFP INTP
ESTP ESFP ENFP ENTP
ESTJ ESFJ ENFJ ENTJ
Myers-Briggs Types
Projective?methods
? A? projective?test?is?a?personality?test?designed?to?
let?a?person?respond?to?ambiguous?stimuli,?
presumably?revealing?hidden?emotions?and?
internal?conflicts?projected?by?the?person?into?the?
test
? Assess?the?way?people?respond?and?interpret?
inkblote?and?pictures?in?which?motives?and?
feelings?are?not?clear.
? This?is?a?sign?of?projection?of?their?own?
uncontrollable?feelings,?emotion,?personality??
characteristics
Rorschach Ink blot test
? Herman Rorschach-1921.
? determines the emotional and impulsive tendencies.
? Possible mental disturbance , introversion and
intelligence can be deduced
? Gives total image of testee?s personality
? Test composed of 10 cards on which inkblots appear
? Five inkblots are of black ink, two are of black and red
ink and three are multicolored, on a white background.
? Tester shows cards to the testee one by one and tests
responds what each card portrays
? Tester notes verbal responses(silences , time taken to
respond , how he holds the card , non-verbal behavior)
In next stage-what characteristics of
inkblots led to his responses which are
then noted, categorized &evaluated
on factors such as:
1. Observation and movement testee
has discerned from cards
2. Contents ascribed to inkblots-What
the inkblots represent
3. Light and shadow observed by
testee
4. Texture of the shapes that have
been observed-hair, skin
5. Responses are analysed
quantitatively and qualitatively
Thematic appreciation test
? Murray and morgon
? Individual is confronted with a situation and required
to make a imaginary story and reveal his personality
? The complete version of the test contains 32 picture
cards. Some of the cards show male figures, some
female, some both male and female figures, some of
ambiguous gender, some adults, some children, and
some show no human figures at all.
? One card is completely blank and is used to elicit both
a scene and a story about the given scene from the
storyteller
? The subject is asked to tell as dramatic a story as they can for
each picture presented, including the following:
? what has led up to the event shown
? what is happening at the moment
? what the characters are feeling and thinking
? what the outcome of the story was
? May be administered individually or in a group
? Each of these scoring categories attempts to measure the
following information:
? ?Story Design measures an individual?s ability to identify and
formulate a problem situation.
?Story Orientation assesses an examinees level of personal
control, emotional distress, confidence and motivation.
?Story Solutions assesses how impulsive an examinee is. In
addition to evaluating the types of problem solutions that are
provided, the number of problem solutions that examinees
provide for each of the TAT cards is summed.
? Story Resolution provides information on the examinees
ability to formulate problem solutions that maximize both
short and long-term goals.
5 different aspects
? Hero-When there is a older and younger
women it is clear younger is hero
? Need of the hero : identify needs motives ,
desires of the hero
? Identifies the presses: Any environmental
factor that may interfere with her needs
? Scoring for themes: nature of interplay and
conflict between needs and presses-type
of emotions elicited by the conflict how it
is resolved
? Scoring for outcome-comparative
strengths emanating from the hero,
strengths of the environment, amount of
hardship, frustration experienced, degree
of success and failure, happy and unhappy
endings.
Children appreciation test
? 3-10 age group
? 10 cards-Depict animal characters
? Should focus on identification of 10 characters
? Main theme
? Main hero
? Main needs and drives of hero
? Conception of the environment
? How figures are seen
? Significant conflicts
? Nature of anxieties
? Main defence against conflict and fears
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
? The?general?intelligence,? g,?influences?the?
performance?on?all?mental?tasks,?while?another?
component?influences?abilities?on?a?particular?
task.
[7]
? Raven's Progressive Matrices?(often?referred?to?simply?as?Raven's
Matrices)?or?RPM?is?a?nonverbal?group?test?typically?used?in?
educational?settings.
? ?It?is?usually?a?60-item?test?used?in?measuring?abstract?reasoning?and?
regarded?as?a?non-verbal?estimate?of?fluid?intelligence.
[
? 1]
?It?is?the?most?common?and?popular?test?administered?to?groups?
ranging?from?5-year-olds?to?the?elderly.
[2]
? ?It?is?made?of?60?multiple?choice?questions,?listed?in?order?of?
difficulty.
[2
? ]
?This?format?is?designed?to?measure?the?test?taker's?reasoning?ability,?
the?eductive?("meaning-making")?component?of?Spearman's? g?( g?is?
often?referred?to?as?general?intelligence).?
? The?tests?were?originally?developed?by?John?C.?Raven?in?1936.
[3]
?In?
each?test?item,?the?subject?is?asked?to?identify?the?missing?element?
that?completes?a?pattern.
? ?Many?patterns?are?presented?in?the?form?of?a?6?6,?4?4,?3?3,?or?
2?2?matrix,?giving?the?test?its?name.
? All of the questions on the Raven's progressives
consist of visual geometric design with a missing
piece. The test taker is given six to eight choices to
pick from and fill in the missing piece.
[4]
? An IQ test item in the style of a Raven's
Progressive Matrices test. Given eight patterns,
the subject must identify the missing ninth
pattern
The Matrices are available in three different forms
for participants of different ability:
? Standard Progressive Matrices-This was
developed to assess a person?s intellectual ability
at the time of testing him with design or patterns.
? Person has to find relation between designs and
perform task. The booklet comprises five sets (A
to E) of 12 items each (e.g., A1 through A12),
? A and B-6 piece designs
? B & c-8 pieces of design. All items are presented
in black ink on a white background
? Coloured Progressive Matrices-Designed for
children aged 5 through 11 years-of-age, the
elderly, and mentally and physically impaired
individual participants.
? Tests the intellectual capacity of young
children and people.
? Coloured progressive matrixes-assess a
persons capacity of level of observation and
clear thinking
? This is a language free test
? The scale has two sets A and b and ab set
Advanced Progressive Matrices
? ?Persons?who?are?above?11?years?and?those?
who?are?above?average?in?mental?ability.
? Time?limit
? The?first?set?has?12?problems,2
nd
?set?contains?
48?items,?presented?as?one?set?of?12?(set?I),?
and?another?of?36?(set?II).?
Difference between individual test and
group test
Basic difference Individual test Group test
Sample size Small sample Ultra large samples
Format Open ended Multi choice
Examiner's role Significant role, Minimal role
Time factors More time consuming Less time consuming
Physical & personality test
? Physical abilities use tasks or abilities that
require physical ability to perform
? Measure physical attributes and characteristics
? Personality Assessment test:
? Personality means how people affect othersand
how they understand and view themselves as
well as their pattern of inner and outer
measurable traits and person situation
interaction
? Not a single characteristic; multidimensional in
nature with many interacting elements
Personality?assessment?test
? A?personality? test?is? a? questionnaire? or? other?
standardized? instrument? designed? to? reveal?
aspects? of? an? individual's? character? or?
psychological? makeup.? The? first?personality?
tests?were? developed? in? the? 1920s? and? were?
intended? to? ease? the? process? of? personnel?
selection,?particularly?in?the?armed?forces.?
? the?combination?of?characteristics?or?qualities?
that?form?an?individual's?distinctive?character.
Measuring personality:
? Personality rating methods
? Personality inventories
? Situational tests
? Projective methods
Personality rating methods
? Rating is a term applied or judgment regarding
some situation, object or character. Opinion
are usually expresses on a scale of values.
Rating techniques are derive which such
judgements may be quantified.
Rating scales:
?is a selected list of words , phrases , sentences or para
following which an observer records value or rating based
upon objective scale of values
? A rating scale is an instrument i.e. A list of questions
that is set to enable the reviewer to indicate the, size
or intensity of the underlying characteristics of a
person.
? Description of the characteristics ?clarity-rate
? Items on each scale must b described in such a way-to
know what they mean
? Items should be described in terms of behaviour
? The description of the personality
characteristic must be clear and we defined
? The item on each scale end must be described
? It should be concrete behaviour
Types?of?rating?scale:?
- Graphic?scale?
- A?straight?line?is?drawn?and?divided?into?many?parts?.?
Each?part-number?of?adjectives?are?written.
- Evaluator?has?to?mark?any?of?these.
- Length?of?the?line-5?inches
- 3-5?adjectives?are?used
- Division?on?the?line?should?be?equidistant
- Graphic?Rating?Scale?is?a?type?of?performance?
appraisal?method.?In?this?method?traits?or?behaviours?
that?are?important?for?effective?performance?are?listed?
out?and?each?employee?is?rated?against?these?traits.?
The?rating?helps?employers?to?quantify?the?behaviours?
displayed?by?its?employees.
? Numerical scale:
Marks as associated with certain indicators.
Data that are counted or measured using a
numerically defined method are called
numerical (quantitative).
Three point, five point seven point scale
? Ranking?order:?Statistical?technique,?rank?are?mentioned?in?the?
descending?order.?
? A?Rank?Order?scale?gives?the?respondent?a?set?of?items?and?asks?
them?to?put?the?items?in?some?form?oforder.?The?measure?of?
'order'?can?include?such?as?preference,?importance,?liking,?
effectiveness?and?so?on.?The?order?is?often?a?simple?ordinal?
structure?(A?is?higher?than?B)
? Paired?comparison?scale???each?person?compared?with?other?in?the?
group?
? The?Paired?Comparison?Scaling?is?a?comparative?scaling?technique?
wherein?the?respondent?is?shown?two?objects?at?the?same?time?and?
is?asked?to?select?one?according?to?the?defined?criterion.?
Rank order
Paired comparision
Forced choice scale
Forced choiced scale
? Forced choice refers to a specific format for
response options in survey questionnaires. In
a forced choice format, respondents are not
given a specific option to reflect a
"nonresponse" type choice, such as "no
opinion," "don't know," "not sure," or "not
applicable." Respondents must select a
response choice that provides a specific
answer to the survey item.
Rating interview-
The interviewing process often includes the use
of rating scales that the interviewers (also called
?raters?) use to evaluate the quality of the
interview and lead to some kind of
recommendation of the candidate for the job in
question.
Assess personality characteristicsof a subject on
a standardised rating scale.
Discusses worker?s achievement
? Situational tests: real life conditioning are
simulate
? Candidate?s spontaneous reactions will be
recorded
? It is done in a group and based on them
? It include role play, case studies, group
discussion

Types of situational test:
Derived from latin word socius ?social; metrum-
measure by Jacob L Moreno
Sociometry : the study of relationships within a
group of people.
Assess the positive and negative links between
persons within a group.
Sociometry is a way of measuring relationships
between people. Sociometric tests can include
variety of procedures used within social groups to
measure social status, popularity, peer
acceptance or rejection and reputation
Sociometry
? Used to evaluate group structure
? Measure amount of organization shown by
social group-sociometric test
? Made in respect to work, home , school
groups
? Determines position of each individual in a
group in which he has to function
CONSTRUCTION OF A SOCIOGRAM
A E F G
H
D
B I J
c K M
D is a star ?chosen by most of the members
J and g are unpopular
D serves as a bridge
ABCD has all channel communication
? Diagrammatic representation of patterns
showing interpersonal relationship
? This indicates choices, preferences, likes,
dislikes,interaction between individual
members in a group
? Gives a visual picture of sociometric structure
of a group
Various kinds of interaction in Sociometry test
? Social networks- a specific set of linkages among
defined set of people cluster
? Prescribed clusters- formal group within network
? Emergent clusters ? cluster of people who
temporarily align together to attain certain
objective
? Cliques- relatively permanent informal group
involving friendship
? Liaisons - individual who connect two or more
cluster but are no members of any cluster
? Bridges : connection as a linking pins by
belonging to two or more clusters
Importance of sociometry:
? Help to measure and build relationship
? Provide rich data
? Helps in group development
? Enhance group and individual perceptive
Psychodrama
?A body of philosophical, therapeutic,
educational, action based techniques-J.L
Moreno
- Action techniques in which individuals use
enactment to explore material that is
identified specific and personal to them.
Psychodrama is an action method, often used as
a psychotherapy, in which clients use
spontaneous dramatization, role playing, and
dramatic self-presentation to investigate and
gain insight into their lives.
Elements:
Stage- concrete situation within which protagonist story
can be brought to life
? Protagonist- is a person whose story is being enacted or
told. .
? the leading character or one of the major characters in a
play, film, novel, etc.
Director ? professional therapist who leads action and
planning.
He takes decisions involving what material
Auxiliary ego-is the position taken by other participants in a
role-playing exercise, or psychodrama, in order to simulate
particular situations for the protagonists.
role they take and what experience they bring to it.
Audience
Socio drama:
Variant of psychodrama
? A sociodrama is a dramatic play in which
several individuals spontaneously enact social
situations to understand situations more fully.
? Assign roles for the purpose of studying and
remedying problems in group or collective
relationships.
Enact various solutions to social problems.
? After each sociodrama, they have to debrief
an enactment and note what was learned.
? Brainstorm, problem solving and closure
Difference between Socio and
Psychodrama
PSYCHODRAMA SOCIOMETRY
EXPLORE INNER WORLD OF THE PERSON SOCIAL WORLD
INTRAPERSONAL INTERPERSONAL
Advantage of situational test:
Reveals personality characteristics
Superior to rating methods
Convenient
Useful in selection
Disadvantages:
Time consuming
Expensive
Personality inventories
? Francis Galton in 19
th
centaury
? Designed to assess the stable and enduring
characteristics of a person that may affect job
performance and workplace behavior.
? Inventories are known as questionnaires or scale
? Respondents are given list of statements in
standard order with fixed set of response
? Responses-assigned ratings to yield numerical
scores options
Types of inventories
? Bell adjustment inventory:
? Assesses individuals adjustment in variety of
situations
? Consists of 160 items & 4 subscales: home,
health, social, emotional
? High scores-poor adjustment; low scores-
better adjustment
Bernreuter test
? Robert G bernreuter-personality traits
? 125 questions-6 scales-B1N,B2S,B3-I,B4-D,F1C,
& F2S(BIPOLAR)
Personality characteristics of industrial and
other organisations
California Personality inventory
? *Created by Harrison Dough in 1956
? Purpose-to measure and evaluate an individual?s
interpersonal behavior and social interaction
? 434-true-false questions;18 scales
1. Measure of poise, ascendancy, self assurance and
interpersonal adequacy
2. Measure of socialization ,responsibility, intrapersonal
values, and character
3. Measure of achievement potiential & intellectual
efficiency
4. Measure of intellectual modes and interest modes
Minnesota personality scale
? Has separate forms for men and women
? Rates following aspects of personality
1. Morale
2. Social adjustment
3. Family relations
4. Emotionability-degree of stability
5. Used for last 2yrs of high school, college and
sometimes adults
6. Five choices-agree, strongly agree, undecided,
disagree,strongly disagree
? Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory
? 550 items, item is printed on separate card
? Inventory-indicates personality traits of the
individual
? One has to respond to questions with answers
?yes, no ,doubtful in the box provided.
? Responses are evaluated
Cornell index
? Standardised questionnaire for males only
? 101 items fall into 2 categories
1. Those differentiating sharply between persons
with serious personality disorders
(Does worrying continually get you down)
2. Those concerned with bodily symptoms-trouble
with food digestion
Response should be ?yes or no?
Effective in showing presence of anxiety states,
migraine,peptic ulcers, convulsive disorders,
asthma
Myer?briggs?type?indicator
? Based?on?Carl?jung?s?theory?of?personality
? Useful?in?promoting?personal?growth,?self?awareness,?
leadership?skills,?team?building,?career?development,?and?
improved?interpersonal?skills.
? Yields?scores?on?4??bipolar?dimensions:
1. Introversion-extroversion
2. Sensing-intuition- Sensing?and? intuition?are?the?
information-gathering?(perceiving)?functions.
3. Thinking-feeling-are?the?decision-making?(judging)?
functions.?Based?on?the?data?received?from?their?
information-gathering?functions
Subjective Objective
Perception Intuition/Sensing
Judging Feeling/Thinking
? Introversion?(thinking?things?through)?more?than?Extraversion?
(interacting?with?people)
? Sensing?(perceiving?tangible?facts)?more?than?iNtuition?
(perceiving?new?possibilities)
? Feeling?(making?decisions?using?subjective?values)?more?than?
Thinking?(making?decisions?using?objective?logic)
? Judgement?(an?organised?lifestyle)?more?than?Perception?(a?
flexible?lifestyle)
ISTJ ISFJ INFJ INTJ
ISTP ISFP INFP INTP
ESTP ESFP ENFP ENTP
ESTJ ESFJ ENFJ ENTJ
Myers-Briggs Types
Projective?methods
? A? projective?test?is?a?personality?test?designed?to?
let?a?person?respond?to?ambiguous?stimuli,?
presumably?revealing?hidden?emotions?and?
internal?conflicts?projected?by?the?person?into?the?
test
? Assess?the?way?people?respond?and?interpret?
inkblote?and?pictures?in?which?motives?and?
feelings?are?not?clear.
? This?is?a?sign?of?projection?of?their?own?
uncontrollable?feelings,?emotion,?personality??
characteristics
Rorschach Ink blot test
? Herman Rorschach-1921.
? determines the emotional and impulsive tendencies.
? Possible mental disturbance , introversion and
intelligence can be deduced
? Gives total image of testee?s personality
? Test composed of 10 cards on which inkblots appear
? Five inkblots are of black ink, two are of black and red
ink and three are multicolored, on a white background.
? Tester shows cards to the testee one by one and tests
responds what each card portrays
? Tester notes verbal responses(silences , time taken to
respond , how he holds the card , non-verbal behavior)
In next stage-what characteristics of
inkblots led to his responses which are
then noted, categorized &evaluated
on factors such as:
1. Observation and movement testee
has discerned from cards
2. Contents ascribed to inkblots-What
the inkblots represent
3. Light and shadow observed by
testee
4. Texture of the shapes that have
been observed-hair, skin
5. Responses are analysed
quantitatively and qualitatively
Thematic appreciation test
? Murray and morgon
? Individual is confronted with a situation and required
to make a imaginary story and reveal his personality
? The complete version of the test contains 32 picture
cards. Some of the cards show male figures, some
female, some both male and female figures, some of
ambiguous gender, some adults, some children, and
some show no human figures at all.
? One card is completely blank and is used to elicit both
a scene and a story about the given scene from the
storyteller
? The subject is asked to tell as dramatic a story as they can for
each picture presented, including the following:
? what has led up to the event shown
? what is happening at the moment
? what the characters are feeling and thinking
? what the outcome of the story was
? May be administered individually or in a group
? Each of these scoring categories attempts to measure the
following information:
? ?Story Design measures an individual?s ability to identify and
formulate a problem situation.
?Story Orientation assesses an examinees level of personal
control, emotional distress, confidence and motivation.
?Story Solutions assesses how impulsive an examinee is. In
addition to evaluating the types of problem solutions that are
provided, the number of problem solutions that examinees
provide for each of the TAT cards is summed.
? Story Resolution provides information on the examinees
ability to formulate problem solutions that maximize both
short and long-term goals.
5 different aspects
? Hero-When there is a older and younger
women it is clear younger is hero
? Need of the hero : identify needs motives ,
desires of the hero
? Identifies the presses: Any environmental
factor that may interfere with her needs
? Scoring for themes: nature of interplay and
conflict between needs and presses-type
of emotions elicited by the conflict how it
is resolved
? Scoring for outcome-comparative
strengths emanating from the hero,
strengths of the environment, amount of
hardship, frustration experienced, degree
of success and failure, happy and unhappy
endings.
Children appreciation test
? 3-10 age group
? 10 cards-Depict animal characters
? Should focus on identification of 10 characters
? Main theme
? Main hero
? Main needs and drives of hero
? Conception of the environment
? How figures are seen
? Significant conflicts
? Nature of anxieties
? Main defence against conflict and fears
Picture projective tests
? General purpose instrument with improved
psychometric qualities
? Section of 30 pictures
? Had to show a promise of eliciting meaningful
projective material
? Most but not all had to include more than one
human character
? About half of the pictures had to depict
affective expression, active poses.
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
? The?general?intelligence,? g,?influences?the?
performance?on?all?mental?tasks,?while?another?
component?influences?abilities?on?a?particular?
task.
[7]
? Raven's Progressive Matrices?(often?referred?to?simply?as?Raven's
Matrices)?or?RPM?is?a?nonverbal?group?test?typically?used?in?
educational?settings.
? ?It?is?usually?a?60-item?test?used?in?measuring?abstract?reasoning?and?
regarded?as?a?non-verbal?estimate?of?fluid?intelligence.
[
? 1]
?It?is?the?most?common?and?popular?test?administered?to?groups?
ranging?from?5-year-olds?to?the?elderly.
[2]
? ?It?is?made?of?60?multiple?choice?questions,?listed?in?order?of?
difficulty.
[2
? ]
?This?format?is?designed?to?measure?the?test?taker's?reasoning?ability,?
the?eductive?("meaning-making")?component?of?Spearman's? g?( g?is?
often?referred?to?as?general?intelligence).?
? The?tests?were?originally?developed?by?John?C.?Raven?in?1936.
[3]
?In?
each?test?item,?the?subject?is?asked?to?identify?the?missing?element?
that?completes?a?pattern.
? ?Many?patterns?are?presented?in?the?form?of?a?6?6,?4?4,?3?3,?or?
2?2?matrix,?giving?the?test?its?name.
? All of the questions on the Raven's progressives
consist of visual geometric design with a missing
piece. The test taker is given six to eight choices to
pick from and fill in the missing piece.
[4]
? An IQ test item in the style of a Raven's
Progressive Matrices test. Given eight patterns,
the subject must identify the missing ninth
pattern
The Matrices are available in three different forms
for participants of different ability:
? Standard Progressive Matrices-This was
developed to assess a person?s intellectual ability
at the time of testing him with design or patterns.
? Person has to find relation between designs and
perform task. The booklet comprises five sets (A
to E) of 12 items each (e.g., A1 through A12),
? A and B-6 piece designs
? B & c-8 pieces of design. All items are presented
in black ink on a white background
? Coloured Progressive Matrices-Designed for
children aged 5 through 11 years-of-age, the
elderly, and mentally and physically impaired
individual participants.
? Tests the intellectual capacity of young
children and people.
? Coloured progressive matrixes-assess a
persons capacity of level of observation and
clear thinking
? This is a language free test
? The scale has two sets A and b and ab set
Advanced Progressive Matrices
? ?Persons?who?are?above?11?years?and?those?
who?are?above?average?in?mental?ability.
? Time?limit
? The?first?set?has?12?problems,2
nd
?set?contains?
48?items,?presented?as?one?set?of?12?(set?I),?
and?another?of?36?(set?II).?
Difference between individual test and
group test
Basic difference Individual test Group test
Sample size Small sample Ultra large samples
Format Open ended Multi choice
Examiner's role Significant role, Minimal role
Time factors More time consuming Less time consuming
Physical & personality test
? Physical abilities use tasks or abilities that
require physical ability to perform
? Measure physical attributes and characteristics
? Personality Assessment test:
? Personality means how people affect othersand
how they understand and view themselves as
well as their pattern of inner and outer
measurable traits and person situation
interaction
? Not a single characteristic; multidimensional in
nature with many interacting elements
Personality?assessment?test
? A?personality? test?is? a? questionnaire? or? other?
standardized? instrument? designed? to? reveal?
aspects? of? an? individual's? character? or?
psychological? makeup.? The? first?personality?
tests?were? developed? in? the? 1920s? and? were?
intended? to? ease? the? process? of? personnel?
selection,?particularly?in?the?armed?forces.?
? the?combination?of?characteristics?or?qualities?
that?form?an?individual's?distinctive?character.
Measuring personality:
? Personality rating methods
? Personality inventories
? Situational tests
? Projective methods
Personality rating methods
? Rating is a term applied or judgment regarding
some situation, object or character. Opinion
are usually expresses on a scale of values.
Rating techniques are derive which such
judgements may be quantified.
Rating scales:
?is a selected list of words , phrases , sentences or para
following which an observer records value or rating based
upon objective scale of values
? A rating scale is an instrument i.e. A list of questions
that is set to enable the reviewer to indicate the, size
or intensity of the underlying characteristics of a
person.
? Description of the characteristics ?clarity-rate
? Items on each scale must b described in such a way-to
know what they mean
? Items should be described in terms of behaviour
? The description of the personality
characteristic must be clear and we defined
? The item on each scale end must be described
? It should be concrete behaviour
Types?of?rating?scale:?
- Graphic?scale?
- A?straight?line?is?drawn?and?divided?into?many?parts?.?
Each?part-number?of?adjectives?are?written.
- Evaluator?has?to?mark?any?of?these.
- Length?of?the?line-5?inches
- 3-5?adjectives?are?used
- Division?on?the?line?should?be?equidistant
- Graphic?Rating?Scale?is?a?type?of?performance?
appraisal?method.?In?this?method?traits?or?behaviours?
that?are?important?for?effective?performance?are?listed?
out?and?each?employee?is?rated?against?these?traits.?
The?rating?helps?employers?to?quantify?the?behaviours?
displayed?by?its?employees.
? Numerical scale:
Marks as associated with certain indicators.
Data that are counted or measured using a
numerically defined method are called
numerical (quantitative).
Three point, five point seven point scale
? Ranking?order:?Statistical?technique,?rank?are?mentioned?in?the?
descending?order.?
? A?Rank?Order?scale?gives?the?respondent?a?set?of?items?and?asks?
them?to?put?the?items?in?some?form?oforder.?The?measure?of?
'order'?can?include?such?as?preference,?importance,?liking,?
effectiveness?and?so?on.?The?order?is?often?a?simple?ordinal?
structure?(A?is?higher?than?B)
? Paired?comparison?scale???each?person?compared?with?other?in?the?
group?
? The?Paired?Comparison?Scaling?is?a?comparative?scaling?technique?
wherein?the?respondent?is?shown?two?objects?at?the?same?time?and?
is?asked?to?select?one?according?to?the?defined?criterion.?
Rank order
Paired comparision
Forced choice scale
Forced choiced scale
? Forced choice refers to a specific format for
response options in survey questionnaires. In
a forced choice format, respondents are not
given a specific option to reflect a
"nonresponse" type choice, such as "no
opinion," "don't know," "not sure," or "not
applicable." Respondents must select a
response choice that provides a specific
answer to the survey item.
Rating interview-
The interviewing process often includes the use
of rating scales that the interviewers (also called
?raters?) use to evaluate the quality of the
interview and lead to some kind of
recommendation of the candidate for the job in
question.
Assess personality characteristicsof a subject on
a standardised rating scale.
Discusses worker?s achievement
? Situational tests: real life conditioning are
simulate
? Candidate?s spontaneous reactions will be
recorded
? It is done in a group and based on them
? It include role play, case studies, group
discussion

Types of situational test:
Derived from latin word socius ?social; metrum-
measure by Jacob L Moreno
Sociometry : the study of relationships within a
group of people.
Assess the positive and negative links between
persons within a group.
Sociometry is a way of measuring relationships
between people. Sociometric tests can include
variety of procedures used within social groups to
measure social status, popularity, peer
acceptance or rejection and reputation
Sociometry
? Used to evaluate group structure
? Measure amount of organization shown by
social group-sociometric test
? Made in respect to work, home , school
groups
? Determines position of each individual in a
group in which he has to function
CONSTRUCTION OF A SOCIOGRAM
A E F G
H
D
B I J
c K M
D is a star ?chosen by most of the members
J and g are unpopular
D serves as a bridge
ABCD has all channel communication
? Diagrammatic representation of patterns
showing interpersonal relationship
? This indicates choices, preferences, likes,
dislikes,interaction between individual
members in a group
? Gives a visual picture of sociometric structure
of a group
Various kinds of interaction in Sociometry test
? Social networks- a specific set of linkages among
defined set of people cluster
? Prescribed clusters- formal group within network
? Emergent clusters ? cluster of people who
temporarily align together to attain certain
objective
? Cliques- relatively permanent informal group
involving friendship
? Liaisons - individual who connect two or more
cluster but are no members of any cluster
? Bridges : connection as a linking pins by
belonging to two or more clusters
Importance of sociometry:
? Help to measure and build relationship
? Provide rich data
? Helps in group development
? Enhance group and individual perceptive
Psychodrama
?A body of philosophical, therapeutic,
educational, action based techniques-J.L
Moreno
- Action techniques in which individuals use
enactment to explore material that is
identified specific and personal to them.
Psychodrama is an action method, often used as
a psychotherapy, in which clients use
spontaneous dramatization, role playing, and
dramatic self-presentation to investigate and
gain insight into their lives.
Elements:
Stage- concrete situation within which protagonist story
can be brought to life
? Protagonist- is a person whose story is being enacted or
told. .
? the leading character or one of the major characters in a
play, film, novel, etc.
Director ? professional therapist who leads action and
planning.
He takes decisions involving what material
Auxiliary ego-is the position taken by other participants in a
role-playing exercise, or psychodrama, in order to simulate
particular situations for the protagonists.
role they take and what experience they bring to it.
Audience
Socio drama:
Variant of psychodrama
? A sociodrama is a dramatic play in which
several individuals spontaneously enact social
situations to understand situations more fully.
? Assign roles for the purpose of studying and
remedying problems in group or collective
relationships.
Enact various solutions to social problems.
? After each sociodrama, they have to debrief
an enactment and note what was learned.
? Brainstorm, problem solving and closure
Difference between Socio and
Psychodrama
PSYCHODRAMA SOCIOMETRY
EXPLORE INNER WORLD OF THE PERSON SOCIAL WORLD
INTRAPERSONAL INTERPERSONAL
Advantage of situational test:
Reveals personality characteristics
Superior to rating methods
Convenient
Useful in selection
Disadvantages:
Time consuming
Expensive
Personality inventories
? Francis Galton in 19
th
centaury
? Designed to assess the stable and enduring
characteristics of a person that may affect job
performance and workplace behavior.
? Inventories are known as questionnaires or scale
? Respondents are given list of statements in
standard order with fixed set of response
? Responses-assigned ratings to yield numerical
scores options
Types of inventories
? Bell adjustment inventory:
? Assesses individuals adjustment in variety of
situations
? Consists of 160 items & 4 subscales: home,
health, social, emotional
? High scores-poor adjustment; low scores-
better adjustment
Bernreuter test
? Robert G bernreuter-personality traits
? 125 questions-6 scales-B1N,B2S,B3-I,B4-D,F1C,
& F2S(BIPOLAR)
Personality characteristics of industrial and
other organisations
California Personality inventory
? *Created by Harrison Dough in 1956
? Purpose-to measure and evaluate an individual?s
interpersonal behavior and social interaction
? 434-true-false questions;18 scales
1. Measure of poise, ascendancy, self assurance and
interpersonal adequacy
2. Measure of socialization ,responsibility, intrapersonal
values, and character
3. Measure of achievement potiential & intellectual
efficiency
4. Measure of intellectual modes and interest modes
Minnesota personality scale
? Has separate forms for men and women
? Rates following aspects of personality
1. Morale
2. Social adjustment
3. Family relations
4. Emotionability-degree of stability
5. Used for last 2yrs of high school, college and
sometimes adults
6. Five choices-agree, strongly agree, undecided,
disagree,strongly disagree
? Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory
? 550 items, item is printed on separate card
? Inventory-indicates personality traits of the
individual
? One has to respond to questions with answers
?yes, no ,doubtful in the box provided.
? Responses are evaluated
Cornell index
? Standardised questionnaire for males only
? 101 items fall into 2 categories
1. Those differentiating sharply between persons
with serious personality disorders
(Does worrying continually get you down)
2. Those concerned with bodily symptoms-trouble
with food digestion
Response should be ?yes or no?
Effective in showing presence of anxiety states,
migraine,peptic ulcers, convulsive disorders,
asthma
Myer?briggs?type?indicator
? Based?on?Carl?jung?s?theory?of?personality
? Useful?in?promoting?personal?growth,?self?awareness,?
leadership?skills,?team?building,?career?development,?and?
improved?interpersonal?skills.
? Yields?scores?on?4??bipolar?dimensions:
1. Introversion-extroversion
2. Sensing-intuition- Sensing?and? intuition?are?the?
information-gathering?(perceiving)?functions.
3. Thinking-feeling-are?the?decision-making?(judging)?
functions.?Based?on?the?data?received?from?their?
information-gathering?functions
Subjective Objective
Perception Intuition/Sensing
Judging Feeling/Thinking
? Introversion?(thinking?things?through)?more?than?Extraversion?
(interacting?with?people)
? Sensing?(perceiving?tangible?facts)?more?than?iNtuition?
(perceiving?new?possibilities)
? Feeling?(making?decisions?using?subjective?values)?more?than?
Thinking?(making?decisions?using?objective?logic)
? Judgement?(an?organised?lifestyle)?more?than?Perception?(a?
flexible?lifestyle)
ISTJ ISFJ INFJ INTJ
ISTP ISFP INFP INTP
ESTP ESFP ENFP ENTP
ESTJ ESFJ ENFJ ENTJ
Myers-Briggs Types
Projective?methods
? A? projective?test?is?a?personality?test?designed?to?
let?a?person?respond?to?ambiguous?stimuli,?
presumably?revealing?hidden?emotions?and?
internal?conflicts?projected?by?the?person?into?the?
test
? Assess?the?way?people?respond?and?interpret?
inkblote?and?pictures?in?which?motives?and?
feelings?are?not?clear.
? This?is?a?sign?of?projection?of?their?own?
uncontrollable?feelings,?emotion,?personality??
characteristics
Rorschach Ink blot test
? Herman Rorschach-1921.
? determines the emotional and impulsive tendencies.
? Possible mental disturbance , introversion and
intelligence can be deduced
? Gives total image of testee?s personality
? Test composed of 10 cards on which inkblots appear
? Five inkblots are of black ink, two are of black and red
ink and three are multicolored, on a white background.
? Tester shows cards to the testee one by one and tests
responds what each card portrays
? Tester notes verbal responses(silences , time taken to
respond , how he holds the card , non-verbal behavior)
In next stage-what characteristics of
inkblots led to his responses which are
then noted, categorized &evaluated
on factors such as:
1. Observation and movement testee
has discerned from cards
2. Contents ascribed to inkblots-What
the inkblots represent
3. Light and shadow observed by
testee
4. Texture of the shapes that have
been observed-hair, skin
5. Responses are analysed
quantitatively and qualitatively
Thematic appreciation test
? Murray and morgon
? Individual is confronted with a situation and required
to make a imaginary story and reveal his personality
? The complete version of the test contains 32 picture
cards. Some of the cards show male figures, some
female, some both male and female figures, some of
ambiguous gender, some adults, some children, and
some show no human figures at all.
? One card is completely blank and is used to elicit both
a scene and a story about the given scene from the
storyteller
? The subject is asked to tell as dramatic a story as they can for
each picture presented, including the following:
? what has led up to the event shown
? what is happening at the moment
? what the characters are feeling and thinking
? what the outcome of the story was
? May be administered individually or in a group
? Each of these scoring categories attempts to measure the
following information:
? ?Story Design measures an individual?s ability to identify and
formulate a problem situation.
?Story Orientation assesses an examinees level of personal
control, emotional distress, confidence and motivation.
?Story Solutions assesses how impulsive an examinee is. In
addition to evaluating the types of problem solutions that are
provided, the number of problem solutions that examinees
provide for each of the TAT cards is summed.
? Story Resolution provides information on the examinees
ability to formulate problem solutions that maximize both
short and long-term goals.
5 different aspects
? Hero-When there is a older and younger
women it is clear younger is hero
? Need of the hero : identify needs motives ,
desires of the hero
? Identifies the presses: Any environmental
factor that may interfere with her needs
? Scoring for themes: nature of interplay and
conflict between needs and presses-type
of emotions elicited by the conflict how it
is resolved
? Scoring for outcome-comparative
strengths emanating from the hero,
strengths of the environment, amount of
hardship, frustration experienced, degree
of success and failure, happy and unhappy
endings.
Children appreciation test
? 3-10 age group
? 10 cards-Depict animal characters
? Should focus on identification of 10 characters
? Main theme
? Main hero
? Main needs and drives of hero
? Conception of the environment
? How figures are seen
? Significant conflicts
? Nature of anxieties
? Main defence against conflict and fears
Picture projective tests
? General purpose instrument with improved
psychometric qualities
? Section of 30 pictures
? Had to show a promise of eliciting meaningful
projective material
? Most but not all had to include more than one
human character
? About half of the pictures had to depict
affective expression, active poses.
Word association tests
? List of words is presented to a
subject who is asked to respond
with the first word or idea that
comes to his mind
? Many of the words appear to be
emotionally neutral
? Special interest are words that
tend to elicit personalized
reactions
? Amount of time taken before
beginning each response and the
response itself
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
? The?general?intelligence,? g,?influences?the?
performance?on?all?mental?tasks,?while?another?
component?influences?abilities?on?a?particular?
task.
[7]
? Raven's Progressive Matrices?(often?referred?to?simply?as?Raven's
Matrices)?or?RPM?is?a?nonverbal?group?test?typically?used?in?
educational?settings.
? ?It?is?usually?a?60-item?test?used?in?measuring?abstract?reasoning?and?
regarded?as?a?non-verbal?estimate?of?fluid?intelligence.
[
? 1]
?It?is?the?most?common?and?popular?test?administered?to?groups?
ranging?from?5-year-olds?to?the?elderly.
[2]
? ?It?is?made?of?60?multiple?choice?questions,?listed?in?order?of?
difficulty.
[2
? ]
?This?format?is?designed?to?measure?the?test?taker's?reasoning?ability,?
the?eductive?("meaning-making")?component?of?Spearman's? g?( g?is?
often?referred?to?as?general?intelligence).?
? The?tests?were?originally?developed?by?John?C.?Raven?in?1936.
[3]
?In?
each?test?item,?the?subject?is?asked?to?identify?the?missing?element?
that?completes?a?pattern.
? ?Many?patterns?are?presented?in?the?form?of?a?6?6,?4?4,?3?3,?or?
2?2?matrix,?giving?the?test?its?name.
? All of the questions on the Raven's progressives
consist of visual geometric design with a missing
piece. The test taker is given six to eight choices to
pick from and fill in the missing piece.
[4]
? An IQ test item in the style of a Raven's
Progressive Matrices test. Given eight patterns,
the subject must identify the missing ninth
pattern
The Matrices are available in three different forms
for participants of different ability:
? Standard Progressive Matrices-This was
developed to assess a person?s intellectual ability
at the time of testing him with design or patterns.
? Person has to find relation between designs and
perform task. The booklet comprises five sets (A
to E) of 12 items each (e.g., A1 through A12),
? A and B-6 piece designs
? B & c-8 pieces of design. All items are presented
in black ink on a white background
? Coloured Progressive Matrices-Designed for
children aged 5 through 11 years-of-age, the
elderly, and mentally and physically impaired
individual participants.
? Tests the intellectual capacity of young
children and people.
? Coloured progressive matrixes-assess a
persons capacity of level of observation and
clear thinking
? This is a language free test
? The scale has two sets A and b and ab set
Advanced Progressive Matrices
? ?Persons?who?are?above?11?years?and?those?
who?are?above?average?in?mental?ability.
? Time?limit
? The?first?set?has?12?problems,2
nd
?set?contains?
48?items,?presented?as?one?set?of?12?(set?I),?
and?another?of?36?(set?II).?
Difference between individual test and
group test
Basic difference Individual test Group test
Sample size Small sample Ultra large samples
Format Open ended Multi choice
Examiner's role Significant role, Minimal role
Time factors More time consuming Less time consuming
Physical & personality test
? Physical abilities use tasks or abilities that
require physical ability to perform
? Measure physical attributes and characteristics
? Personality Assessment test:
? Personality means how people affect othersand
how they understand and view themselves as
well as their pattern of inner and outer
measurable traits and person situation
interaction
? Not a single characteristic; multidimensional in
nature with many interacting elements
Personality?assessment?test
? A?personality? test?is? a? questionnaire? or? other?
standardized? instrument? designed? to? reveal?
aspects? of? an? individual's? character? or?
psychological? makeup.? The? first?personality?
tests?were? developed? in? the? 1920s? and? were?
intended? to? ease? the? process? of? personnel?
selection,?particularly?in?the?armed?forces.?
? the?combination?of?characteristics?or?qualities?
that?form?an?individual's?distinctive?character.
Measuring personality:
? Personality rating methods
? Personality inventories
? Situational tests
? Projective methods
Personality rating methods
? Rating is a term applied or judgment regarding
some situation, object or character. Opinion
are usually expresses on a scale of values.
Rating techniques are derive which such
judgements may be quantified.
Rating scales:
?is a selected list of words , phrases , sentences or para
following which an observer records value or rating based
upon objective scale of values
? A rating scale is an instrument i.e. A list of questions
that is set to enable the reviewer to indicate the, size
or intensity of the underlying characteristics of a
person.
? Description of the characteristics ?clarity-rate
? Items on each scale must b described in such a way-to
know what they mean
? Items should be described in terms of behaviour
? The description of the personality
characteristic must be clear and we defined
? The item on each scale end must be described
? It should be concrete behaviour
Types?of?rating?scale:?
- Graphic?scale?
- A?straight?line?is?drawn?and?divided?into?many?parts?.?
Each?part-number?of?adjectives?are?written.
- Evaluator?has?to?mark?any?of?these.
- Length?of?the?line-5?inches
- 3-5?adjectives?are?used
- Division?on?the?line?should?be?equidistant
- Graphic?Rating?Scale?is?a?type?of?performance?
appraisal?method.?In?this?method?traits?or?behaviours?
that?are?important?for?effective?performance?are?listed?
out?and?each?employee?is?rated?against?these?traits.?
The?rating?helps?employers?to?quantify?the?behaviours?
displayed?by?its?employees.
? Numerical scale:
Marks as associated with certain indicators.
Data that are counted or measured using a
numerically defined method are called
numerical (quantitative).
Three point, five point seven point scale
? Ranking?order:?Statistical?technique,?rank?are?mentioned?in?the?
descending?order.?
? A?Rank?Order?scale?gives?the?respondent?a?set?of?items?and?asks?
them?to?put?the?items?in?some?form?oforder.?The?measure?of?
'order'?can?include?such?as?preference,?importance,?liking,?
effectiveness?and?so?on.?The?order?is?often?a?simple?ordinal?
structure?(A?is?higher?than?B)
? Paired?comparison?scale???each?person?compared?with?other?in?the?
group?
? The?Paired?Comparison?Scaling?is?a?comparative?scaling?technique?
wherein?the?respondent?is?shown?two?objects?at?the?same?time?and?
is?asked?to?select?one?according?to?the?defined?criterion.?
Rank order
Paired comparision
Forced choice scale
Forced choiced scale
? Forced choice refers to a specific format for
response options in survey questionnaires. In
a forced choice format, respondents are not
given a specific option to reflect a
"nonresponse" type choice, such as "no
opinion," "don't know," "not sure," or "not
applicable." Respondents must select a
response choice that provides a specific
answer to the survey item.
Rating interview-
The interviewing process often includes the use
of rating scales that the interviewers (also called
?raters?) use to evaluate the quality of the
interview and lead to some kind of
recommendation of the candidate for the job in
question.
Assess personality characteristicsof a subject on
a standardised rating scale.
Discusses worker?s achievement
? Situational tests: real life conditioning are
simulate
? Candidate?s spontaneous reactions will be
recorded
? It is done in a group and based on them
? It include role play, case studies, group
discussion

Types of situational test:
Derived from latin word socius ?social; metrum-
measure by Jacob L Moreno
Sociometry : the study of relationships within a
group of people.
Assess the positive and negative links between
persons within a group.
Sociometry is a way of measuring relationships
between people. Sociometric tests can include
variety of procedures used within social groups to
measure social status, popularity, peer
acceptance or rejection and reputation
Sociometry
? Used to evaluate group structure
? Measure amount of organization shown by
social group-sociometric test
? Made in respect to work, home , school
groups
? Determines position of each individual in a
group in which he has to function
CONSTRUCTION OF A SOCIOGRAM
A E F G
H
D
B I J
c K M
D is a star ?chosen by most of the members
J and g are unpopular
D serves as a bridge
ABCD has all channel communication
? Diagrammatic representation of patterns
showing interpersonal relationship
? This indicates choices, preferences, likes,
dislikes,interaction between individual
members in a group
? Gives a visual picture of sociometric structure
of a group
Various kinds of interaction in Sociometry test
? Social networks- a specific set of linkages among
defined set of people cluster
? Prescribed clusters- formal group within network
? Emergent clusters ? cluster of people who
temporarily align together to attain certain
objective
? Cliques- relatively permanent informal group
involving friendship
? Liaisons - individual who connect two or more
cluster but are no members of any cluster
? Bridges : connection as a linking pins by
belonging to two or more clusters
Importance of sociometry:
? Help to measure and build relationship
? Provide rich data
? Helps in group development
? Enhance group and individual perceptive
Psychodrama
?A body of philosophical, therapeutic,
educational, action based techniques-J.L
Moreno
- Action techniques in which individuals use
enactment to explore material that is
identified specific and personal to them.
Psychodrama is an action method, often used as
a psychotherapy, in which clients use
spontaneous dramatization, role playing, and
dramatic self-presentation to investigate and
gain insight into their lives.
Elements:
Stage- concrete situation within which protagonist story
can be brought to life
? Protagonist- is a person whose story is being enacted or
told. .
? the leading character or one of the major characters in a
play, film, novel, etc.
Director ? professional therapist who leads action and
planning.
He takes decisions involving what material
Auxiliary ego-is the position taken by other participants in a
role-playing exercise, or psychodrama, in order to simulate
particular situations for the protagonists.
role they take and what experience they bring to it.
Audience
Socio drama:
Variant of psychodrama
? A sociodrama is a dramatic play in which
several individuals spontaneously enact social
situations to understand situations more fully.
? Assign roles for the purpose of studying and
remedying problems in group or collective
relationships.
Enact various solutions to social problems.
? After each sociodrama, they have to debrief
an enactment and note what was learned.
? Brainstorm, problem solving and closure
Difference between Socio and
Psychodrama
PSYCHODRAMA SOCIOMETRY
EXPLORE INNER WORLD OF THE PERSON SOCIAL WORLD
INTRAPERSONAL INTERPERSONAL
Advantage of situational test:
Reveals personality characteristics
Superior to rating methods
Convenient
Useful in selection
Disadvantages:
Time consuming
Expensive
Personality inventories
? Francis Galton in 19
th
centaury
? Designed to assess the stable and enduring
characteristics of a person that may affect job
performance and workplace behavior.
? Inventories are known as questionnaires or scale
? Respondents are given list of statements in
standard order with fixed set of response
? Responses-assigned ratings to yield numerical
scores options
Types of inventories
? Bell adjustment inventory:
? Assesses individuals adjustment in variety of
situations
? Consists of 160 items & 4 subscales: home,
health, social, emotional
? High scores-poor adjustment; low scores-
better adjustment
Bernreuter test
? Robert G bernreuter-personality traits
? 125 questions-6 scales-B1N,B2S,B3-I,B4-D,F1C,
& F2S(BIPOLAR)
Personality characteristics of industrial and
other organisations
California Personality inventory
? *Created by Harrison Dough in 1956
? Purpose-to measure and evaluate an individual?s
interpersonal behavior and social interaction
? 434-true-false questions;18 scales
1. Measure of poise, ascendancy, self assurance and
interpersonal adequacy
2. Measure of socialization ,responsibility, intrapersonal
values, and character
3. Measure of achievement potiential & intellectual
efficiency
4. Measure of intellectual modes and interest modes
Minnesota personality scale
? Has separate forms for men and women
? Rates following aspects of personality
1. Morale
2. Social adjustment
3. Family relations
4. Emotionability-degree of stability
5. Used for last 2yrs of high school, college and
sometimes adults
6. Five choices-agree, strongly agree, undecided,
disagree,strongly disagree
? Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory
? 550 items, item is printed on separate card
? Inventory-indicates personality traits of the
individual
? One has to respond to questions with answers
?yes, no ,doubtful in the box provided.
? Responses are evaluated
Cornell index
? Standardised questionnaire for males only
? 101 items fall into 2 categories
1. Those differentiating sharply between persons
with serious personality disorders
(Does worrying continually get you down)
2. Those concerned with bodily symptoms-trouble
with food digestion
Response should be ?yes or no?
Effective in showing presence of anxiety states,
migraine,peptic ulcers, convulsive disorders,
asthma
Myer?briggs?type?indicator
? Based?on?Carl?jung?s?theory?of?personality
? Useful?in?promoting?personal?growth,?self?awareness,?
leadership?skills,?team?building,?career?development,?and?
improved?interpersonal?skills.
? Yields?scores?on?4??bipolar?dimensions:
1. Introversion-extroversion
2. Sensing-intuition- Sensing?and? intuition?are?the?
information-gathering?(perceiving)?functions.
3. Thinking-feeling-are?the?decision-making?(judging)?
functions.?Based?on?the?data?received?from?their?
information-gathering?functions
Subjective Objective
Perception Intuition/Sensing
Judging Feeling/Thinking
? Introversion?(thinking?things?through)?more?than?Extraversion?
(interacting?with?people)
? Sensing?(perceiving?tangible?facts)?more?than?iNtuition?
(perceiving?new?possibilities)
? Feeling?(making?decisions?using?subjective?values)?more?than?
Thinking?(making?decisions?using?objective?logic)
? Judgement?(an?organised?lifestyle)?more?than?Perception?(a?
flexible?lifestyle)
ISTJ ISFJ INFJ INTJ
ISTP ISFP INFP INTP
ESTP ESFP ENFP ENTP
ESTJ ESFJ ENFJ ENTJ
Myers-Briggs Types
Projective?methods
? A? projective?test?is?a?personality?test?designed?to?
let?a?person?respond?to?ambiguous?stimuli,?
presumably?revealing?hidden?emotions?and?
internal?conflicts?projected?by?the?person?into?the?
test
? Assess?the?way?people?respond?and?interpret?
inkblote?and?pictures?in?which?motives?and?
feelings?are?not?clear.
? This?is?a?sign?of?projection?of?their?own?
uncontrollable?feelings,?emotion,?personality??
characteristics
Rorschach Ink blot test
? Herman Rorschach-1921.
? determines the emotional and impulsive tendencies.
? Possible mental disturbance , introversion and
intelligence can be deduced
? Gives total image of testee?s personality
? Test composed of 10 cards on which inkblots appear
? Five inkblots are of black ink, two are of black and red
ink and three are multicolored, on a white background.
? Tester shows cards to the testee one by one and tests
responds what each card portrays
? Tester notes verbal responses(silences , time taken to
respond , how he holds the card , non-verbal behavior)
In next stage-what characteristics of
inkblots led to his responses which are
then noted, categorized &evaluated
on factors such as:
1. Observation and movement testee
has discerned from cards
2. Contents ascribed to inkblots-What
the inkblots represent
3. Light and shadow observed by
testee
4. Texture of the shapes that have
been observed-hair, skin
5. Responses are analysed
quantitatively and qualitatively
Thematic appreciation test
? Murray and morgon
? Individual is confronted with a situation and required
to make a imaginary story and reveal his personality
? The complete version of the test contains 32 picture
cards. Some of the cards show male figures, some
female, some both male and female figures, some of
ambiguous gender, some adults, some children, and
some show no human figures at all.
? One card is completely blank and is used to elicit both
a scene and a story about the given scene from the
storyteller
? The subject is asked to tell as dramatic a story as they can for
each picture presented, including the following:
? what has led up to the event shown
? what is happening at the moment
? what the characters are feeling and thinking
? what the outcome of the story was
? May be administered individually or in a group
? Each of these scoring categories attempts to measure the
following information:
? ?Story Design measures an individual?s ability to identify and
formulate a problem situation.
?Story Orientation assesses an examinees level of personal
control, emotional distress, confidence and motivation.
?Story Solutions assesses how impulsive an examinee is. In
addition to evaluating the types of problem solutions that are
provided, the number of problem solutions that examinees
provide for each of the TAT cards is summed.
? Story Resolution provides information on the examinees
ability to formulate problem solutions that maximize both
short and long-term goals.
5 different aspects
? Hero-When there is a older and younger
women it is clear younger is hero
? Need of the hero : identify needs motives ,
desires of the hero
? Identifies the presses: Any environmental
factor that may interfere with her needs
? Scoring for themes: nature of interplay and
conflict between needs and presses-type
of emotions elicited by the conflict how it
is resolved
? Scoring for outcome-comparative
strengths emanating from the hero,
strengths of the environment, amount of
hardship, frustration experienced, degree
of success and failure, happy and unhappy
endings.
Children appreciation test
? 3-10 age group
? 10 cards-Depict animal characters
? Should focus on identification of 10 characters
? Main theme
? Main hero
? Main needs and drives of hero
? Conception of the environment
? How figures are seen
? Significant conflicts
? Nature of anxieties
? Main defence against conflict and fears
Picture projective tests
? General purpose instrument with improved
psychometric qualities
? Section of 30 pictures
? Had to show a promise of eliciting meaningful
projective material
? Most but not all had to include more than one
human character
? About half of the pictures had to depict
affective expression, active poses.
Word association tests
? List of words is presented to a
subject who is asked to respond
with the first word or idea that
comes to his mind
? Many of the words appear to be
emotionally neutral
? Special interest are words that
tend to elicit personalized
reactions
? Amount of time taken before
beginning each response and the
response itself
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
? The?general?intelligence,? g,?influences?the?
performance?on?all?mental?tasks,?while?another?
component?influences?abilities?on?a?particular?
task.
[7]
? Raven's Progressive Matrices?(often?referred?to?simply?as?Raven's
Matrices)?or?RPM?is?a?nonverbal?group?test?typically?used?in?
educational?settings.
? ?It?is?usually?a?60-item?test?used?in?measuring?abstract?reasoning?and?
regarded?as?a?non-verbal?estimate?of?fluid?intelligence.
[
? 1]
?It?is?the?most?common?and?popular?test?administered?to?groups?
ranging?from?5-year-olds?to?the?elderly.
[2]
? ?It?is?made?of?60?multiple?choice?questions,?listed?in?order?of?
difficulty.
[2
? ]
?This?format?is?designed?to?measure?the?test?taker's?reasoning?ability,?
the?eductive?("meaning-making")?component?of?Spearman's? g?( g?is?
often?referred?to?as?general?intelligence).?
? The?tests?were?originally?developed?by?John?C.?Raven?in?1936.
[3]
?In?
each?test?item,?the?subject?is?asked?to?identify?the?missing?element?
that?completes?a?pattern.
? ?Many?patterns?are?presented?in?the?form?of?a?6?6,?4?4,?3?3,?or?
2?2?matrix,?giving?the?test?its?name.
? All of the questions on the Raven's progressives
consist of visual geometric design with a missing
piece. The test taker is given six to eight choices to
pick from and fill in the missing piece.
[4]
? An IQ test item in the style of a Raven's
Progressive Matrices test. Given eight patterns,
the subject must identify the missing ninth
pattern
The Matrices are available in three different forms
for participants of different ability:
? Standard Progressive Matrices-This was
developed to assess a person?s intellectual ability
at the time of testing him with design or patterns.
? Person has to find relation between designs and
perform task. The booklet comprises five sets (A
to E) of 12 items each (e.g., A1 through A12),
? A and B-6 piece designs
? B & c-8 pieces of design. All items are presented
in black ink on a white background
? Coloured Progressive Matrices-Designed for
children aged 5 through 11 years-of-age, the
elderly, and mentally and physically impaired
individual participants.
? Tests the intellectual capacity of young
children and people.
? Coloured progressive matrixes-assess a
persons capacity of level of observation and
clear thinking
? This is a language free test
? The scale has two sets A and b and ab set
Advanced Progressive Matrices
? ?Persons?who?are?above?11?years?and?those?
who?are?above?average?in?mental?ability.
? Time?limit
? The?first?set?has?12?problems,2
nd
?set?contains?
48?items,?presented?as?one?set?of?12?(set?I),?
and?another?of?36?(set?II).?
Difference between individual test and
group test
Basic difference Individual test Group test
Sample size Small sample Ultra large samples
Format Open ended Multi choice
Examiner's role Significant role, Minimal role
Time factors More time consuming Less time consuming
Physical & personality test
? Physical abilities use tasks or abilities that
require physical ability to perform
? Measure physical attributes and characteristics
? Personality Assessment test:
? Personality means how people affect othersand
how they understand and view themselves as
well as their pattern of inner and outer
measurable traits and person situation
interaction
? Not a single characteristic; multidimensional in
nature with many interacting elements
Personality?assessment?test
? A?personality? test?is? a? questionnaire? or? other?
standardized? instrument? designed? to? reveal?
aspects? of? an? individual's? character? or?
psychological? makeup.? The? first?personality?
tests?were? developed? in? the? 1920s? and? were?
intended? to? ease? the? process? of? personnel?
selection,?particularly?in?the?armed?forces.?
? the?combination?of?characteristics?or?qualities?
that?form?an?individual's?distinctive?character.
Measuring personality:
? Personality rating methods
? Personality inventories
? Situational tests
? Projective methods
Personality rating methods
? Rating is a term applied or judgment regarding
some situation, object or character. Opinion
are usually expresses on a scale of values.
Rating techniques are derive which such
judgements may be quantified.
Rating scales:
?is a selected list of words , phrases , sentences or para
following which an observer records value or rating based
upon objective scale of values
? A rating scale is an instrument i.e. A list of questions
that is set to enable the reviewer to indicate the, size
or intensity of the underlying characteristics of a
person.
? Description of the characteristics ?clarity-rate
? Items on each scale must b described in such a way-to
know what they mean
? Items should be described in terms of behaviour
? The description of the personality
characteristic must be clear and we defined
? The item on each scale end must be described
? It should be concrete behaviour
Types?of?rating?scale:?
- Graphic?scale?
- A?straight?line?is?drawn?and?divided?into?many?parts?.?
Each?part-number?of?adjectives?are?written.
- Evaluator?has?to?mark?any?of?these.
- Length?of?the?line-5?inches
- 3-5?adjectives?are?used
- Division?on?the?line?should?be?equidistant
- Graphic?Rating?Scale?is?a?type?of?performance?
appraisal?method.?In?this?method?traits?or?behaviours?
that?are?important?for?effective?performance?are?listed?
out?and?each?employee?is?rated?against?these?traits.?
The?rating?helps?employers?to?quantify?the?behaviours?
displayed?by?its?employees.
? Numerical scale:
Marks as associated with certain indicators.
Data that are counted or measured using a
numerically defined method are called
numerical (quantitative).
Three point, five point seven point scale
? Ranking?order:?Statistical?technique,?rank?are?mentioned?in?the?
descending?order.?
? A?Rank?Order?scale?gives?the?respondent?a?set?of?items?and?asks?
them?to?put?the?items?in?some?form?oforder.?The?measure?of?
'order'?can?include?such?as?preference,?importance,?liking,?
effectiveness?and?so?on.?The?order?is?often?a?simple?ordinal?
structure?(A?is?higher?than?B)
? Paired?comparison?scale???each?person?compared?with?other?in?the?
group?
? The?Paired?Comparison?Scaling?is?a?comparative?scaling?technique?
wherein?the?respondent?is?shown?two?objects?at?the?same?time?and?
is?asked?to?select?one?according?to?the?defined?criterion.?
Rank order
Paired comparision
Forced choice scale
Forced choiced scale
? Forced choice refers to a specific format for
response options in survey questionnaires. In
a forced choice format, respondents are not
given a specific option to reflect a
"nonresponse" type choice, such as "no
opinion," "don't know," "not sure," or "not
applicable." Respondents must select a
response choice that provides a specific
answer to the survey item.
Rating interview-
The interviewing process often includes the use
of rating scales that the interviewers (also called
?raters?) use to evaluate the quality of the
interview and lead to some kind of
recommendation of the candidate for the job in
question.
Assess personality characteristicsof a subject on
a standardised rating scale.
Discusses worker?s achievement
? Situational tests: real life conditioning are
simulate
? Candidate?s spontaneous reactions will be
recorded
? It is done in a group and based on them
? It include role play, case studies, group
discussion

Types of situational test:
Derived from latin word socius ?social; metrum-
measure by Jacob L Moreno
Sociometry : the study of relationships within a
group of people.
Assess the positive and negative links between
persons within a group.
Sociometry is a way of measuring relationships
between people. Sociometric tests can include
variety of procedures used within social groups to
measure social status, popularity, peer
acceptance or rejection and reputation
Sociometry
? Used to evaluate group structure
? Measure amount of organization shown by
social group-sociometric test
? Made in respect to work, home , school
groups
? Determines position of each individual in a
group in which he has to function
CONSTRUCTION OF A SOCIOGRAM
A E F G
H
D
B I J
c K M
D is a star ?chosen by most of the members
J and g are unpopular
D serves as a bridge
ABCD has all channel communication
? Diagrammatic representation of patterns
showing interpersonal relationship
? This indicates choices, preferences, likes,
dislikes,interaction between individual
members in a group
? Gives a visual picture of sociometric structure
of a group
Various kinds of interaction in Sociometry test
? Social networks- a specific set of linkages among
defined set of people cluster
? Prescribed clusters- formal group within network
? Emergent clusters ? cluster of people who
temporarily align together to attain certain
objective
? Cliques- relatively permanent informal group
involving friendship
? Liaisons - individual who connect two or more
cluster but are no members of any cluster
? Bridges : connection as a linking pins by
belonging to two or more clusters
Importance of sociometry:
? Help to measure and build relationship
? Provide rich data
? Helps in group development
? Enhance group and individual perceptive
Psychodrama
?A body of philosophical, therapeutic,
educational, action based techniques-J.L
Moreno
- Action techniques in which individuals use
enactment to explore material that is
identified specific and personal to them.
Psychodrama is an action method, often used as
a psychotherapy, in which clients use
spontaneous dramatization, role playing, and
dramatic self-presentation to investigate and
gain insight into their lives.
Elements:
Stage- concrete situation within which protagonist story
can be brought to life
? Protagonist- is a person whose story is being enacted or
told. .
? the leading character or one of the major characters in a
play, film, novel, etc.
Director ? professional therapist who leads action and
planning.
He takes decisions involving what material
Auxiliary ego-is the position taken by other participants in a
role-playing exercise, or psychodrama, in order to simulate
particular situations for the protagonists.
role they take and what experience they bring to it.
Audience
Socio drama:
Variant of psychodrama
? A sociodrama is a dramatic play in which
several individuals spontaneously enact social
situations to understand situations more fully.
? Assign roles for the purpose of studying and
remedying problems in group or collective
relationships.
Enact various solutions to social problems.
? After each sociodrama, they have to debrief
an enactment and note what was learned.
? Brainstorm, problem solving and closure
Difference between Socio and
Psychodrama
PSYCHODRAMA SOCIOMETRY
EXPLORE INNER WORLD OF THE PERSON SOCIAL WORLD
INTRAPERSONAL INTERPERSONAL
Advantage of situational test:
Reveals personality characteristics
Superior to rating methods
Convenient
Useful in selection
Disadvantages:
Time consuming
Expensive
Personality inventories
? Francis Galton in 19
th
centaury
? Designed to assess the stable and enduring
characteristics of a person that may affect job
performance and workplace behavior.
? Inventories are known as questionnaires or scale
? Respondents are given list of statements in
standard order with fixed set of response
? Responses-assigned ratings to yield numerical
scores options
Types of inventories
? Bell adjustment inventory:
? Assesses individuals adjustment in variety of
situations
? Consists of 160 items & 4 subscales: home,
health, social, emotional
? High scores-poor adjustment; low scores-
better adjustment
Bernreuter test
? Robert G bernreuter-personality traits
? 125 questions-6 scales-B1N,B2S,B3-I,B4-D,F1C,
& F2S(BIPOLAR)
Personality characteristics of industrial and
other organisations
California Personality inventory
? *Created by Harrison Dough in 1956
? Purpose-to measure and evaluate an individual?s
interpersonal behavior and social interaction
? 434-true-false questions;18 scales
1. Measure of poise, ascendancy, self assurance and
interpersonal adequacy
2. Measure of socialization ,responsibility, intrapersonal
values, and character
3. Measure of achievement potiential & intellectual
efficiency
4. Measure of intellectual modes and interest modes
Minnesota personality scale
? Has separate forms for men and women
? Rates following aspects of personality
1. Morale
2. Social adjustment
3. Family relations
4. Emotionability-degree of stability
5. Used for last 2yrs of high school, college and
sometimes adults
6. Five choices-agree, strongly agree, undecided,
disagree,strongly disagree
? Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory
? 550 items, item is printed on separate card
? Inventory-indicates personality traits of the
individual
? One has to respond to questions with answers
?yes, no ,doubtful in the box provided.
? Responses are evaluated
Cornell index
? Standardised questionnaire for males only
? 101 items fall into 2 categories
1. Those differentiating sharply between persons
with serious personality disorders
(Does worrying continually get you down)
2. Those concerned with bodily symptoms-trouble
with food digestion
Response should be ?yes or no?
Effective in showing presence of anxiety states,
migraine,peptic ulcers, convulsive disorders,
asthma
Myer?briggs?type?indicator
? Based?on?Carl?jung?s?theory?of?personality
? Useful?in?promoting?personal?growth,?self?awareness,?
leadership?skills,?team?building,?career?development,?and?
improved?interpersonal?skills.
? Yields?scores?on?4??bipolar?dimensions:
1. Introversion-extroversion
2. Sensing-intuition- Sensing?and? intuition?are?the?
information-gathering?(perceiving)?functions.
3. Thinking-feeling-are?the?decision-making?(judging)?
functions.?Based?on?the?data?received?from?their?
information-gathering?functions
Subjective Objective
Perception Intuition/Sensing
Judging Feeling/Thinking
? Introversion?(thinking?things?through)?more?than?Extraversion?
(interacting?with?people)
? Sensing?(perceiving?tangible?facts)?more?than?iNtuition?
(perceiving?new?possibilities)
? Feeling?(making?decisions?using?subjective?values)?more?than?
Thinking?(making?decisions?using?objective?logic)
? Judgement?(an?organised?lifestyle)?more?than?Perception?(a?
flexible?lifestyle)
ISTJ ISFJ INFJ INTJ
ISTP ISFP INFP INTP
ESTP ESFP ENFP ENTP
ESTJ ESFJ ENFJ ENTJ
Myers-Briggs Types
Projective?methods
? A? projective?test?is?a?personality?test?designed?to?
let?a?person?respond?to?ambiguous?stimuli,?
presumably?revealing?hidden?emotions?and?
internal?conflicts?projected?by?the?person?into?the?
test
? Assess?the?way?people?respond?and?interpret?
inkblote?and?pictures?in?which?motives?and?
feelings?are?not?clear.
? This?is?a?sign?of?projection?of?their?own?
uncontrollable?feelings,?emotion,?personality??
characteristics
Rorschach Ink blot test
? Herman Rorschach-1921.
? determines the emotional and impulsive tendencies.
? Possible mental disturbance , introversion and
intelligence can be deduced
? Gives total image of testee?s personality
? Test composed of 10 cards on which inkblots appear
? Five inkblots are of black ink, two are of black and red
ink and three are multicolored, on a white background.
? Tester shows cards to the testee one by one and tests
responds what each card portrays
? Tester notes verbal responses(silences , time taken to
respond , how he holds the card , non-verbal behavior)
In next stage-what characteristics of
inkblots led to his responses which are
then noted, categorized &evaluated
on factors such as:
1. Observation and movement testee
has discerned from cards
2. Contents ascribed to inkblots-What
the inkblots represent
3. Light and shadow observed by
testee
4. Texture of the shapes that have
been observed-hair, skin
5. Responses are analysed
quantitatively and qualitatively
Thematic appreciation test
? Murray and morgon
? Individual is confronted with a situation and required
to make a imaginary story and reveal his personality
? The complete version of the test contains 32 picture
cards. Some of the cards show male figures, some
female, some both male and female figures, some of
ambiguous gender, some adults, some children, and
some show no human figures at all.
? One card is completely blank and is used to elicit both
a scene and a story about the given scene from the
storyteller
? The subject is asked to tell as dramatic a story as they can for
each picture presented, including the following:
? what has led up to the event shown
? what is happening at the moment
? what the characters are feeling and thinking
? what the outcome of the story was
? May be administered individually or in a group
? Each of these scoring categories attempts to measure the
following information:
? ?Story Design measures an individual?s ability to identify and
formulate a problem situation.
?Story Orientation assesses an examinees level of personal
control, emotional distress, confidence and motivation.
?Story Solutions assesses how impulsive an examinee is. In
addition to evaluating the types of problem solutions that are
provided, the number of problem solutions that examinees
provide for each of the TAT cards is summed.
? Story Resolution provides information on the examinees
ability to formulate problem solutions that maximize both
short and long-term goals.
5 different aspects
? Hero-When there is a older and younger
women it is clear younger is hero
? Need of the hero : identify needs motives ,
desires of the hero
? Identifies the presses: Any environmental
factor that may interfere with her needs
? Scoring for themes: nature of interplay and
conflict between needs and presses-type
of emotions elicited by the conflict how it
is resolved
? Scoring for outcome-comparative
strengths emanating from the hero,
strengths of the environment, amount of
hardship, frustration experienced, degree
of success and failure, happy and unhappy
endings.
Children appreciation test
? 3-10 age group
? 10 cards-Depict animal characters
? Should focus on identification of 10 characters
? Main theme
? Main hero
? Main needs and drives of hero
? Conception of the environment
? How figures are seen
? Significant conflicts
? Nature of anxieties
? Main defence against conflict and fears
Picture projective tests
? General purpose instrument with improved
psychometric qualities
? Section of 30 pictures
? Had to show a promise of eliciting meaningful
projective material
? Most but not all had to include more than one
human character
? About half of the pictures had to depict
affective expression, active poses.
Word association tests
? List of words is presented to a
subject who is asked to respond
with the first word or idea that
comes to his mind
? Many of the words appear to be
emotionally neutral
? Special interest are words that
tend to elicit personalized
reactions
? Amount of time taken before
beginning each response and the
response itself
Drawing tests
? Relevant for children as his thoughts and
feelings float into his drawings unwillingly
? Draw a person test-certain graphic
expressionsnwithin drawings reflect
personality characteristics.
? Asked to construct a person of the opposite
gender drawn
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
? The?general?intelligence,? g,?influences?the?
performance?on?all?mental?tasks,?while?another?
component?influences?abilities?on?a?particular?
task.
[7]
? Raven's Progressive Matrices?(often?referred?to?simply?as?Raven's
Matrices)?or?RPM?is?a?nonverbal?group?test?typically?used?in?
educational?settings.
? ?It?is?usually?a?60-item?test?used?in?measuring?abstract?reasoning?and?
regarded?as?a?non-verbal?estimate?of?fluid?intelligence.
[
? 1]
?It?is?the?most?common?and?popular?test?administered?to?groups?
ranging?from?5-year-olds?to?the?elderly.
[2]
? ?It?is?made?of?60?multiple?choice?questions,?listed?in?order?of?
difficulty.
[2
? ]
?This?format?is?designed?to?measure?the?test?taker's?reasoning?ability,?
the?eductive?("meaning-making")?component?of?Spearman's? g?( g?is?
often?referred?to?as?general?intelligence).?
? The?tests?were?originally?developed?by?John?C.?Raven?in?1936.
[3]
?In?
each?test?item,?the?subject?is?asked?to?identify?the?missing?element?
that?completes?a?pattern.
? ?Many?patterns?are?presented?in?the?form?of?a?6?6,?4?4,?3?3,?or?
2?2?matrix,?giving?the?test?its?name.
? All of the questions on the Raven's progressives
consist of visual geometric design with a missing
piece. The test taker is given six to eight choices to
pick from and fill in the missing piece.
[4]
? An IQ test item in the style of a Raven's
Progressive Matrices test. Given eight patterns,
the subject must identify the missing ninth
pattern
The Matrices are available in three different forms
for participants of different ability:
? Standard Progressive Matrices-This was
developed to assess a person?s intellectual ability
at the time of testing him with design or patterns.
? Person has to find relation between designs and
perform task. The booklet comprises five sets (A
to E) of 12 items each (e.g., A1 through A12),
? A and B-6 piece designs
? B & c-8 pieces of design. All items are presented
in black ink on a white background
? Coloured Progressive Matrices-Designed for
children aged 5 through 11 years-of-age, the
elderly, and mentally and physically impaired
individual participants.
? Tests the intellectual capacity of young
children and people.
? Coloured progressive matrixes-assess a
persons capacity of level of observation and
clear thinking
? This is a language free test
? The scale has two sets A and b and ab set
Advanced Progressive Matrices
? ?Persons?who?are?above?11?years?and?those?
who?are?above?average?in?mental?ability.
? Time?limit
? The?first?set?has?12?problems,2
nd
?set?contains?
48?items,?presented?as?one?set?of?12?(set?I),?
and?another?of?36?(set?II).?
Difference between individual test and
group test
Basic difference Individual test Group test
Sample size Small sample Ultra large samples
Format Open ended Multi choice
Examiner's role Significant role, Minimal role
Time factors More time consuming Less time consuming
Physical & personality test
? Physical abilities use tasks or abilities that
require physical ability to perform
? Measure physical attributes and characteristics
? Personality Assessment test:
? Personality means how people affect othersand
how they understand and view themselves as
well as their pattern of inner and outer
measurable traits and person situation
interaction
? Not a single characteristic; multidimensional in
nature with many interacting elements
Personality?assessment?test
? A?personality? test?is? a? questionnaire? or? other?
standardized? instrument? designed? to? reveal?
aspects? of? an? individual's? character? or?
psychological? makeup.? The? first?personality?
tests?were? developed? in? the? 1920s? and? were?
intended? to? ease? the? process? of? personnel?
selection,?particularly?in?the?armed?forces.?
? the?combination?of?characteristics?or?qualities?
that?form?an?individual's?distinctive?character.
Measuring personality:
? Personality rating methods
? Personality inventories
? Situational tests
? Projective methods
Personality rating methods
? Rating is a term applied or judgment regarding
some situation, object or character. Opinion
are usually expresses on a scale of values.
Rating techniques are derive which such
judgements may be quantified.
Rating scales:
?is a selected list of words , phrases , sentences or para
following which an observer records value or rating based
upon objective scale of values
? A rating scale is an instrument i.e. A list of questions
that is set to enable the reviewer to indicate the, size
or intensity of the underlying characteristics of a
person.
? Description of the characteristics ?clarity-rate
? Items on each scale must b described in such a way-to
know what they mean
? Items should be described in terms of behaviour
? The description of the personality
characteristic must be clear and we defined
? The item on each scale end must be described
? It should be concrete behaviour
Types?of?rating?scale:?
- Graphic?scale?
- A?straight?line?is?drawn?and?divided?into?many?parts?.?
Each?part-number?of?adjectives?are?written.
- Evaluator?has?to?mark?any?of?these.
- Length?of?the?line-5?inches
- 3-5?adjectives?are?used
- Division?on?the?line?should?be?equidistant
- Graphic?Rating?Scale?is?a?type?of?performance?
appraisal?method.?In?this?method?traits?or?behaviours?
that?are?important?for?effective?performance?are?listed?
out?and?each?employee?is?rated?against?these?traits.?
The?rating?helps?employers?to?quantify?the?behaviours?
displayed?by?its?employees.
? Numerical scale:
Marks as associated with certain indicators.
Data that are counted or measured using a
numerically defined method are called
numerical (quantitative).
Three point, five point seven point scale
? Ranking?order:?Statistical?technique,?rank?are?mentioned?in?the?
descending?order.?
? A?Rank?Order?scale?gives?the?respondent?a?set?of?items?and?asks?
them?to?put?the?items?in?some?form?oforder.?The?measure?of?
'order'?can?include?such?as?preference,?importance,?liking,?
effectiveness?and?so?on.?The?order?is?often?a?simple?ordinal?
structure?(A?is?higher?than?B)
? Paired?comparison?scale???each?person?compared?with?other?in?the?
group?
? The?Paired?Comparison?Scaling?is?a?comparative?scaling?technique?
wherein?the?respondent?is?shown?two?objects?at?the?same?time?and?
is?asked?to?select?one?according?to?the?defined?criterion.?
Rank order
Paired comparision
Forced choice scale
Forced choiced scale
? Forced choice refers to a specific format for
response options in survey questionnaires. In
a forced choice format, respondents are not
given a specific option to reflect a
"nonresponse" type choice, such as "no
opinion," "don't know," "not sure," or "not
applicable." Respondents must select a
response choice that provides a specific
answer to the survey item.
Rating interview-
The interviewing process often includes the use
of rating scales that the interviewers (also called
?raters?) use to evaluate the quality of the
interview and lead to some kind of
recommendation of the candidate for the job in
question.
Assess personality characteristicsof a subject on
a standardised rating scale.
Discusses worker?s achievement
? Situational tests: real life conditioning are
simulate
? Candidate?s spontaneous reactions will be
recorded
? It is done in a group and based on them
? It include role play, case studies, group
discussion

Types of situational test:
Derived from latin word socius ?social; metrum-
measure by Jacob L Moreno
Sociometry : the study of relationships within a
group of people.
Assess the positive and negative links between
persons within a group.
Sociometry is a way of measuring relationships
between people. Sociometric tests can include
variety of procedures used within social groups to
measure social status, popularity, peer
acceptance or rejection and reputation
Sociometry
? Used to evaluate group structure
? Measure amount of organization shown by
social group-sociometric test
? Made in respect to work, home , school
groups
? Determines position of each individual in a
group in which he has to function
CONSTRUCTION OF A SOCIOGRAM
A E F G
H
D
B I J
c K M
D is a star ?chosen by most of the members
J and g are unpopular
D serves as a bridge
ABCD has all channel communication
? Diagrammatic representation of patterns
showing interpersonal relationship
? This indicates choices, preferences, likes,
dislikes,interaction between individual
members in a group
? Gives a visual picture of sociometric structure
of a group
Various kinds of interaction in Sociometry test
? Social networks- a specific set of linkages among
defined set of people cluster
? Prescribed clusters- formal group within network
? Emergent clusters ? cluster of people who
temporarily align together to attain certain
objective
? Cliques- relatively permanent informal group
involving friendship
? Liaisons - individual who connect two or more
cluster but are no members of any cluster
? Bridges : connection as a linking pins by
belonging to two or more clusters
Importance of sociometry:
? Help to measure and build relationship
? Provide rich data
? Helps in group development
? Enhance group and individual perceptive
Psychodrama
?A body of philosophical, therapeutic,
educational, action based techniques-J.L
Moreno
- Action techniques in which individuals use
enactment to explore material that is
identified specific and personal to them.
Psychodrama is an action method, often used as
a psychotherapy, in which clients use
spontaneous dramatization, role playing, and
dramatic self-presentation to investigate and
gain insight into their lives.
Elements:
Stage- concrete situation within which protagonist story
can be brought to life
? Protagonist- is a person whose story is being enacted or
told. .
? the leading character or one of the major characters in a
play, film, novel, etc.
Director ? professional therapist who leads action and
planning.
He takes decisions involving what material
Auxiliary ego-is the position taken by other participants in a
role-playing exercise, or psychodrama, in order to simulate
particular situations for the protagonists.
role they take and what experience they bring to it.
Audience
Socio drama:
Variant of psychodrama
? A sociodrama is a dramatic play in which
several individuals spontaneously enact social
situations to understand situations more fully.
? Assign roles for the purpose of studying and
remedying problems in group or collective
relationships.
Enact various solutions to social problems.
? After each sociodrama, they have to debrief
an enactment and note what was learned.
? Brainstorm, problem solving and closure
Difference between Socio and
Psychodrama
PSYCHODRAMA SOCIOMETRY
EXPLORE INNER WORLD OF THE PERSON SOCIAL WORLD
INTRAPERSONAL INTERPERSONAL
Advantage of situational test:
Reveals personality characteristics
Superior to rating methods
Convenient
Useful in selection
Disadvantages:
Time consuming
Expensive
Personality inventories
? Francis Galton in 19
th
centaury
? Designed to assess the stable and enduring
characteristics of a person that may affect job
performance and workplace behavior.
? Inventories are known as questionnaires or scale
? Respondents are given list of statements in
standard order with fixed set of response
? Responses-assigned ratings to yield numerical
scores options
Types of inventories
? Bell adjustment inventory:
? Assesses individuals adjustment in variety of
situations
? Consists of 160 items & 4 subscales: home,
health, social, emotional
? High scores-poor adjustment; low scores-
better adjustment
Bernreuter test
? Robert G bernreuter-personality traits
? 125 questions-6 scales-B1N,B2S,B3-I,B4-D,F1C,
& F2S(BIPOLAR)
Personality characteristics of industrial and
other organisations
California Personality inventory
? *Created by Harrison Dough in 1956
? Purpose-to measure and evaluate an individual?s
interpersonal behavior and social interaction
? 434-true-false questions;18 scales
1. Measure of poise, ascendancy, self assurance and
interpersonal adequacy
2. Measure of socialization ,responsibility, intrapersonal
values, and character
3. Measure of achievement potiential & intellectual
efficiency
4. Measure of intellectual modes and interest modes
Minnesota personality scale
? Has separate forms for men and women
? Rates following aspects of personality
1. Morale
2. Social adjustment
3. Family relations
4. Emotionability-degree of stability
5. Used for last 2yrs of high school, college and
sometimes adults
6. Five choices-agree, strongly agree, undecided,
disagree,strongly disagree
? Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory
? 550 items, item is printed on separate card
? Inventory-indicates personality traits of the
individual
? One has to respond to questions with answers
?yes, no ,doubtful in the box provided.
? Responses are evaluated
Cornell index
? Standardised questionnaire for males only
? 101 items fall into 2 categories
1. Those differentiating sharply between persons
with serious personality disorders
(Does worrying continually get you down)
2. Those concerned with bodily symptoms-trouble
with food digestion
Response should be ?yes or no?
Effective in showing presence of anxiety states,
migraine,peptic ulcers, convulsive disorders,
asthma
Myer?briggs?type?indicator
? Based?on?Carl?jung?s?theory?of?personality
? Useful?in?promoting?personal?growth,?self?awareness,?
leadership?skills,?team?building,?career?development,?and?
improved?interpersonal?skills.
? Yields?scores?on?4??bipolar?dimensions:
1. Introversion-extroversion
2. Sensing-intuition- Sensing?and? intuition?are?the?
information-gathering?(perceiving)?functions.
3. Thinking-feeling-are?the?decision-making?(judging)?
functions.?Based?on?the?data?received?from?their?
information-gathering?functions
Subjective Objective
Perception Intuition/Sensing
Judging Feeling/Thinking
? Introversion?(thinking?things?through)?more?than?Extraversion?
(interacting?with?people)
? Sensing?(perceiving?tangible?facts)?more?than?iNtuition?
(perceiving?new?possibilities)
? Feeling?(making?decisions?using?subjective?values)?more?than?
Thinking?(making?decisions?using?objective?logic)
? Judgement?(an?organised?lifestyle)?more?than?Perception?(a?
flexible?lifestyle)
ISTJ ISFJ INFJ INTJ
ISTP ISFP INFP INTP
ESTP ESFP ENFP ENTP
ESTJ ESFJ ENFJ ENTJ
Myers-Briggs Types
Projective?methods
? A? projective?test?is?a?personality?test?designed?to?
let?a?person?respond?to?ambiguous?stimuli,?
presumably?revealing?hidden?emotions?and?
internal?conflicts?projected?by?the?person?into?the?
test
? Assess?the?way?people?respond?and?interpret?
inkblote?and?pictures?in?which?motives?and?
feelings?are?not?clear.
? This?is?a?sign?of?projection?of?their?own?
uncontrollable?feelings,?emotion,?personality??
characteristics
Rorschach Ink blot test
? Herman Rorschach-1921.
? determines the emotional and impulsive tendencies.
? Possible mental disturbance , introversion and
intelligence can be deduced
? Gives total image of testee?s personality
? Test composed of 10 cards on which inkblots appear
? Five inkblots are of black ink, two are of black and red
ink and three are multicolored, on a white background.
? Tester shows cards to the testee one by one and tests
responds what each card portrays
? Tester notes verbal responses(silences , time taken to
respond , how he holds the card , non-verbal behavior)
In next stage-what characteristics of
inkblots led to his responses which are
then noted, categorized &evaluated
on factors such as:
1. Observation and movement testee
has discerned from cards
2. Contents ascribed to inkblots-What
the inkblots represent
3. Light and shadow observed by
testee
4. Texture of the shapes that have
been observed-hair, skin
5. Responses are analysed
quantitatively and qualitatively
Thematic appreciation test
? Murray and morgon
? Individual is confronted with a situation and required
to make a imaginary story and reveal his personality
? The complete version of the test contains 32 picture
cards. Some of the cards show male figures, some
female, some both male and female figures, some of
ambiguous gender, some adults, some children, and
some show no human figures at all.
? One card is completely blank and is used to elicit both
a scene and a story about the given scene from the
storyteller
? The subject is asked to tell as dramatic a story as they can for
each picture presented, including the following:
? what has led up to the event shown
? what is happening at the moment
? what the characters are feeling and thinking
? what the outcome of the story was
? May be administered individually or in a group
? Each of these scoring categories attempts to measure the
following information:
? ?Story Design measures an individual?s ability to identify and
formulate a problem situation.
?Story Orientation assesses an examinees level of personal
control, emotional distress, confidence and motivation.
?Story Solutions assesses how impulsive an examinee is. In
addition to evaluating the types of problem solutions that are
provided, the number of problem solutions that examinees
provide for each of the TAT cards is summed.
? Story Resolution provides information on the examinees
ability to formulate problem solutions that maximize both
short and long-term goals.
5 different aspects
? Hero-When there is a older and younger
women it is clear younger is hero
? Need of the hero : identify needs motives ,
desires of the hero
? Identifies the presses: Any environmental
factor that may interfere with her needs
? Scoring for themes: nature of interplay and
conflict between needs and presses-type
of emotions elicited by the conflict how it
is resolved
? Scoring for outcome-comparative
strengths emanating from the hero,
strengths of the environment, amount of
hardship, frustration experienced, degree
of success and failure, happy and unhappy
endings.
Children appreciation test
? 3-10 age group
? 10 cards-Depict animal characters
? Should focus on identification of 10 characters
? Main theme
? Main hero
? Main needs and drives of hero
? Conception of the environment
? How figures are seen
? Significant conflicts
? Nature of anxieties
? Main defence against conflict and fears
Picture projective tests
? General purpose instrument with improved
psychometric qualities
? Section of 30 pictures
? Had to show a promise of eliciting meaningful
projective material
? Most but not all had to include more than one
human character
? About half of the pictures had to depict
affective expression, active poses.
Word association tests
? List of words is presented to a
subject who is asked to respond
with the first word or idea that
comes to his mind
? Many of the words appear to be
emotionally neutral
? Special interest are words that
tend to elicit personalized
reactions
? Amount of time taken before
beginning each response and the
response itself
Drawing tests
? Relevant for children as his thoughts and
feelings float into his drawings unwillingly
? Draw a person test-certain graphic
expressionsnwithin drawings reflect
personality characteristics.
? Asked to construct a person of the opposite
gender drawn
Verbal tests
? Story telling
? Sentence completion test: A person who
does not use lakes is being thoughtful of
? the ecosystem
? Projective questionnaire: situations totally
correlated to the job or organization are
given
? Painting tests:
? Great way of expressing negative emotions
re-ordering and re-evaluating the way we
express ourselves
? Helpful for children to talk about personal
problems
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
? The?general?intelligence,? g,?influences?the?
performance?on?all?mental?tasks,?while?another?
component?influences?abilities?on?a?particular?
task.
[7]
? Raven's Progressive Matrices?(often?referred?to?simply?as?Raven's
Matrices)?or?RPM?is?a?nonverbal?group?test?typically?used?in?
educational?settings.
? ?It?is?usually?a?60-item?test?used?in?measuring?abstract?reasoning?and?
regarded?as?a?non-verbal?estimate?of?fluid?intelligence.
[
? 1]
?It?is?the?most?common?and?popular?test?administered?to?groups?
ranging?from?5-year-olds?to?the?elderly.
[2]
? ?It?is?made?of?60?multiple?choice?questions,?listed?in?order?of?
difficulty.
[2
? ]
?This?format?is?designed?to?measure?the?test?taker's?reasoning?ability,?
the?eductive?("meaning-making")?component?of?Spearman's? g?( g?is?
often?referred?to?as?general?intelligence).?
? The?tests?were?originally?developed?by?John?C.?Raven?in?1936.
[3]
?In?
each?test?item,?the?subject?is?asked?to?identify?the?missing?element?
that?completes?a?pattern.
? ?Many?patterns?are?presented?in?the?form?of?a?6?6,?4?4,?3?3,?or?
2?2?matrix,?giving?the?test?its?name.
? All of the questions on the Raven's progressives
consist of visual geometric design with a missing
piece. The test taker is given six to eight choices to
pick from and fill in the missing piece.
[4]
? An IQ test item in the style of a Raven's
Progressive Matrices test. Given eight patterns,
the subject must identify the missing ninth
pattern
The Matrices are available in three different forms
for participants of different ability:
? Standard Progressive Matrices-This was
developed to assess a person?s intellectual ability
at the time of testing him with design or patterns.
? Person has to find relation between designs and
perform task. The booklet comprises five sets (A
to E) of 12 items each (e.g., A1 through A12),
? A and B-6 piece designs
? B & c-8 pieces of design. All items are presented
in black ink on a white background
? Coloured Progressive Matrices-Designed for
children aged 5 through 11 years-of-age, the
elderly, and mentally and physically impaired
individual participants.
? Tests the intellectual capacity of young
children and people.
? Coloured progressive matrixes-assess a
persons capacity of level of observation and
clear thinking
? This is a language free test
? The scale has two sets A and b and ab set
Advanced Progressive Matrices
? ?Persons?who?are?above?11?years?and?those?
who?are?above?average?in?mental?ability.
? Time?limit
? The?first?set?has?12?problems,2
nd
?set?contains?
48?items,?presented?as?one?set?of?12?(set?I),?
and?another?of?36?(set?II).?
Difference between individual test and
group test
Basic difference Individual test Group test
Sample size Small sample Ultra large samples
Format Open ended Multi choice
Examiner's role Significant role, Minimal role
Time factors More time consuming Less time consuming
Physical & personality test
? Physical abilities use tasks or abilities that
require physical ability to perform
? Measure physical attributes and characteristics
? Personality Assessment test:
? Personality means how people affect othersand
how they understand and view themselves as
well as their pattern of inner and outer
measurable traits and person situation
interaction
? Not a single characteristic; multidimensional in
nature with many interacting elements
Personality?assessment?test
? A?personality? test?is? a? questionnaire? or? other?
standardized? instrument? designed? to? reveal?
aspects? of? an? individual's? character? or?
psychological? makeup.? The? first?personality?
tests?were? developed? in? the? 1920s? and? were?
intended? to? ease? the? process? of? personnel?
selection,?particularly?in?the?armed?forces.?
? the?combination?of?characteristics?or?qualities?
that?form?an?individual's?distinctive?character.
Measuring personality:
? Personality rating methods
? Personality inventories
? Situational tests
? Projective methods
Personality rating methods
? Rating is a term applied or judgment regarding
some situation, object or character. Opinion
are usually expresses on a scale of values.
Rating techniques are derive which such
judgements may be quantified.
Rating scales:
?is a selected list of words , phrases , sentences or para
following which an observer records value or rating based
upon objective scale of values
? A rating scale is an instrument i.e. A list of questions
that is set to enable the reviewer to indicate the, size
or intensity of the underlying characteristics of a
person.
? Description of the characteristics ?clarity-rate
? Items on each scale must b described in such a way-to
know what they mean
? Items should be described in terms of behaviour
? The description of the personality
characteristic must be clear and we defined
? The item on each scale end must be described
? It should be concrete behaviour
Types?of?rating?scale:?
- Graphic?scale?
- A?straight?line?is?drawn?and?divided?into?many?parts?.?
Each?part-number?of?adjectives?are?written.
- Evaluator?has?to?mark?any?of?these.
- Length?of?the?line-5?inches
- 3-5?adjectives?are?used
- Division?on?the?line?should?be?equidistant
- Graphic?Rating?Scale?is?a?type?of?performance?
appraisal?method.?In?this?method?traits?or?behaviours?
that?are?important?for?effective?performance?are?listed?
out?and?each?employee?is?rated?against?these?traits.?
The?rating?helps?employers?to?quantify?the?behaviours?
displayed?by?its?employees.
? Numerical scale:
Marks as associated with certain indicators.
Data that are counted or measured using a
numerically defined method are called
numerical (quantitative).
Three point, five point seven point scale
? Ranking?order:?Statistical?technique,?rank?are?mentioned?in?the?
descending?order.?
? A?Rank?Order?scale?gives?the?respondent?a?set?of?items?and?asks?
them?to?put?the?items?in?some?form?oforder.?The?measure?of?
'order'?can?include?such?as?preference,?importance,?liking,?
effectiveness?and?so?on.?The?order?is?often?a?simple?ordinal?
structure?(A?is?higher?than?B)
? Paired?comparison?scale???each?person?compared?with?other?in?the?
group?
? The?Paired?Comparison?Scaling?is?a?comparative?scaling?technique?
wherein?the?respondent?is?shown?two?objects?at?the?same?time?and?
is?asked?to?select?one?according?to?the?defined?criterion.?
Rank order
Paired comparision
Forced choice scale
Forced choiced scale
? Forced choice refers to a specific format for
response options in survey questionnaires. In
a forced choice format, respondents are not
given a specific option to reflect a
"nonresponse" type choice, such as "no
opinion," "don't know," "not sure," or "not
applicable." Respondents must select a
response choice that provides a specific
answer to the survey item.
Rating interview-
The interviewing process often includes the use
of rating scales that the interviewers (also called
?raters?) use to evaluate the quality of the
interview and lead to some kind of
recommendation of the candidate for the job in
question.
Assess personality characteristicsof a subject on
a standardised rating scale.
Discusses worker?s achievement
? Situational tests: real life conditioning are
simulate
? Candidate?s spontaneous reactions will be
recorded
? It is done in a group and based on them
? It include role play, case studies, group
discussion

Types of situational test:
Derived from latin word socius ?social; metrum-
measure by Jacob L Moreno
Sociometry : the study of relationships within a
group of people.
Assess the positive and negative links between
persons within a group.
Sociometry is a way of measuring relationships
between people. Sociometric tests can include
variety of procedures used within social groups to
measure social status, popularity, peer
acceptance or rejection and reputation
Sociometry
? Used to evaluate group structure
? Measure amount of organization shown by
social group-sociometric test
? Made in respect to work, home , school
groups
? Determines position of each individual in a
group in which he has to function
CONSTRUCTION OF A SOCIOGRAM
A E F G
H
D
B I J
c K M
D is a star ?chosen by most of the members
J and g are unpopular
D serves as a bridge
ABCD has all channel communication
? Diagrammatic representation of patterns
showing interpersonal relationship
? This indicates choices, preferences, likes,
dislikes,interaction between individual
members in a group
? Gives a visual picture of sociometric structure
of a group
Various kinds of interaction in Sociometry test
? Social networks- a specific set of linkages among
defined set of people cluster
? Prescribed clusters- formal group within network
? Emergent clusters ? cluster of people who
temporarily align together to attain certain
objective
? Cliques- relatively permanent informal group
involving friendship
? Liaisons - individual who connect two or more
cluster but are no members of any cluster
? Bridges : connection as a linking pins by
belonging to two or more clusters
Importance of sociometry:
? Help to measure and build relationship
? Provide rich data
? Helps in group development
? Enhance group and individual perceptive
Psychodrama
?A body of philosophical, therapeutic,
educational, action based techniques-J.L
Moreno
- Action techniques in which individuals use
enactment to explore material that is
identified specific and personal to them.
Psychodrama is an action method, often used as
a psychotherapy, in which clients use
spontaneous dramatization, role playing, and
dramatic self-presentation to investigate and
gain insight into their lives.
Elements:
Stage- concrete situation within which protagonist story
can be brought to life
? Protagonist- is a person whose story is being enacted or
told. .
? the leading character or one of the major characters in a
play, film, novel, etc.
Director ? professional therapist who leads action and
planning.
He takes decisions involving what material
Auxiliary ego-is the position taken by other participants in a
role-playing exercise, or psychodrama, in order to simulate
particular situations for the protagonists.
role they take and what experience they bring to it.
Audience
Socio drama:
Variant of psychodrama
? A sociodrama is a dramatic play in which
several individuals spontaneously enact social
situations to understand situations more fully.
? Assign roles for the purpose of studying and
remedying problems in group or collective
relationships.
Enact various solutions to social problems.
? After each sociodrama, they have to debrief
an enactment and note what was learned.
? Brainstorm, problem solving and closure
Difference between Socio and
Psychodrama
PSYCHODRAMA SOCIOMETRY
EXPLORE INNER WORLD OF THE PERSON SOCIAL WORLD
INTRAPERSONAL INTERPERSONAL
Advantage of situational test:
Reveals personality characteristics
Superior to rating methods
Convenient
Useful in selection
Disadvantages:
Time consuming
Expensive
Personality inventories
? Francis Galton in 19
th
centaury
? Designed to assess the stable and enduring
characteristics of a person that may affect job
performance and workplace behavior.
? Inventories are known as questionnaires or scale
? Respondents are given list of statements in
standard order with fixed set of response
? Responses-assigned ratings to yield numerical
scores options
Types of inventories
? Bell adjustment inventory:
? Assesses individuals adjustment in variety of
situations
? Consists of 160 items & 4 subscales: home,
health, social, emotional
? High scores-poor adjustment; low scores-
better adjustment
Bernreuter test
? Robert G bernreuter-personality traits
? 125 questions-6 scales-B1N,B2S,B3-I,B4-D,F1C,
& F2S(BIPOLAR)
Personality characteristics of industrial and
other organisations
California Personality inventory
? *Created by Harrison Dough in 1956
? Purpose-to measure and evaluate an individual?s
interpersonal behavior and social interaction
? 434-true-false questions;18 scales
1. Measure of poise, ascendancy, self assurance and
interpersonal adequacy
2. Measure of socialization ,responsibility, intrapersonal
values, and character
3. Measure of achievement potiential & intellectual
efficiency
4. Measure of intellectual modes and interest modes
Minnesota personality scale
? Has separate forms for men and women
? Rates following aspects of personality
1. Morale
2. Social adjustment
3. Family relations
4. Emotionability-degree of stability
5. Used for last 2yrs of high school, college and
sometimes adults
6. Five choices-agree, strongly agree, undecided,
disagree,strongly disagree
? Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory
? 550 items, item is printed on separate card
? Inventory-indicates personality traits of the
individual
? One has to respond to questions with answers
?yes, no ,doubtful in the box provided.
? Responses are evaluated
Cornell index
? Standardised questionnaire for males only
? 101 items fall into 2 categories
1. Those differentiating sharply between persons
with serious personality disorders
(Does worrying continually get you down)
2. Those concerned with bodily symptoms-trouble
with food digestion
Response should be ?yes or no?
Effective in showing presence of anxiety states,
migraine,peptic ulcers, convulsive disorders,
asthma
Myer?briggs?type?indicator
? Based?on?Carl?jung?s?theory?of?personality
? Useful?in?promoting?personal?growth,?self?awareness,?
leadership?skills,?team?building,?career?development,?and?
improved?interpersonal?skills.
? Yields?scores?on?4??bipolar?dimensions:
1. Introversion-extroversion
2. Sensing-intuition- Sensing?and? intuition?are?the?
information-gathering?(perceiving)?functions.
3. Thinking-feeling-are?the?decision-making?(judging)?
functions.?Based?on?the?data?received?from?their?
information-gathering?functions
Subjective Objective
Perception Intuition/Sensing
Judging Feeling/Thinking
? Introversion?(thinking?things?through)?more?than?Extraversion?
(interacting?with?people)
? Sensing?(perceiving?tangible?facts)?more?than?iNtuition?
(perceiving?new?possibilities)
? Feeling?(making?decisions?using?subjective?values)?more?than?
Thinking?(making?decisions?using?objective?logic)
? Judgement?(an?organised?lifestyle)?more?than?Perception?(a?
flexible?lifestyle)
ISTJ ISFJ INFJ INTJ
ISTP ISFP INFP INTP
ESTP ESFP ENFP ENTP
ESTJ ESFJ ENFJ ENTJ
Myers-Briggs Types
Projective?methods
? A? projective?test?is?a?personality?test?designed?to?
let?a?person?respond?to?ambiguous?stimuli,?
presumably?revealing?hidden?emotions?and?
internal?conflicts?projected?by?the?person?into?the?
test
? Assess?the?way?people?respond?and?interpret?
inkblote?and?pictures?in?which?motives?and?
feelings?are?not?clear.
? This?is?a?sign?of?projection?of?their?own?
uncontrollable?feelings,?emotion,?personality??
characteristics
Rorschach Ink blot test
? Herman Rorschach-1921.
? determines the emotional and impulsive tendencies.
? Possible mental disturbance , introversion and
intelligence can be deduced
? Gives total image of testee?s personality
? Test composed of 10 cards on which inkblots appear
? Five inkblots are of black ink, two are of black and red
ink and three are multicolored, on a white background.
? Tester shows cards to the testee one by one and tests
responds what each card portrays
? Tester notes verbal responses(silences , time taken to
respond , how he holds the card , non-verbal behavior)
In next stage-what characteristics of
inkblots led to his responses which are
then noted, categorized &evaluated
on factors such as:
1. Observation and movement testee
has discerned from cards
2. Contents ascribed to inkblots-What
the inkblots represent
3. Light and shadow observed by
testee
4. Texture of the shapes that have
been observed-hair, skin
5. Responses are analysed
quantitatively and qualitatively
Thematic appreciation test
? Murray and morgon
? Individual is confronted with a situation and required
to make a imaginary story and reveal his personality
? The complete version of the test contains 32 picture
cards. Some of the cards show male figures, some
female, some both male and female figures, some of
ambiguous gender, some adults, some children, and
some show no human figures at all.
? One card is completely blank and is used to elicit both
a scene and a story about the given scene from the
storyteller
? The subject is asked to tell as dramatic a story as they can for
each picture presented, including the following:
? what has led up to the event shown
? what is happening at the moment
? what the characters are feeling and thinking
? what the outcome of the story was
? May be administered individually or in a group
? Each of these scoring categories attempts to measure the
following information:
? ?Story Design measures an individual?s ability to identify and
formulate a problem situation.
?Story Orientation assesses an examinees level of personal
control, emotional distress, confidence and motivation.
?Story Solutions assesses how impulsive an examinee is. In
addition to evaluating the types of problem solutions that are
provided, the number of problem solutions that examinees
provide for each of the TAT cards is summed.
? Story Resolution provides information on the examinees
ability to formulate problem solutions that maximize both
short and long-term goals.
5 different aspects
? Hero-When there is a older and younger
women it is clear younger is hero
? Need of the hero : identify needs motives ,
desires of the hero
? Identifies the presses: Any environmental
factor that may interfere with her needs
? Scoring for themes: nature of interplay and
conflict between needs and presses-type
of emotions elicited by the conflict how it
is resolved
? Scoring for outcome-comparative
strengths emanating from the hero,
strengths of the environment, amount of
hardship, frustration experienced, degree
of success and failure, happy and unhappy
endings.
Children appreciation test
? 3-10 age group
? 10 cards-Depict animal characters
? Should focus on identification of 10 characters
? Main theme
? Main hero
? Main needs and drives of hero
? Conception of the environment
? How figures are seen
? Significant conflicts
? Nature of anxieties
? Main defence against conflict and fears
Picture projective tests
? General purpose instrument with improved
psychometric qualities
? Section of 30 pictures
? Had to show a promise of eliciting meaningful
projective material
? Most but not all had to include more than one
human character
? About half of the pictures had to depict
affective expression, active poses.
Word association tests
? List of words is presented to a
subject who is asked to respond
with the first word or idea that
comes to his mind
? Many of the words appear to be
emotionally neutral
? Special interest are words that
tend to elicit personalized
reactions
? Amount of time taken before
beginning each response and the
response itself
Drawing tests
? Relevant for children as his thoughts and
feelings float into his drawings unwillingly
? Draw a person test-certain graphic
expressionsnwithin drawings reflect
personality characteristics.
? Asked to construct a person of the opposite
gender drawn
Verbal tests
? Story telling
? Sentence completion test: A person who
does not use lakes is being thoughtful of
? the ecosystem
? Projective questionnaire: situations totally
correlated to the job or organization are
given
? Painting tests:
? Great way of expressing negative emotions
re-ordering and re-evaluating the way we
express ourselves
? Helpful for children to talk about personal
problems
TYPING TEST
? Passage
? Scores-number of words typed per minute and number
of errors made
? Typing speed and accuracy
? Techniques of typing
? Touch typing: hands are placed over the keyboard in a
specific formation. position of the key is memorized
? Hunt and peck type:
? Buffer method: looks at the source copy, mentally
stores one or several sentences and then looks at the
keyboard and types.
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
? The?general?intelligence,? g,?influences?the?
performance?on?all?mental?tasks,?while?another?
component?influences?abilities?on?a?particular?
task.
[7]
? Raven's Progressive Matrices?(often?referred?to?simply?as?Raven's
Matrices)?or?RPM?is?a?nonverbal?group?test?typically?used?in?
educational?settings.
? ?It?is?usually?a?60-item?test?used?in?measuring?abstract?reasoning?and?
regarded?as?a?non-verbal?estimate?of?fluid?intelligence.
[
? 1]
?It?is?the?most?common?and?popular?test?administered?to?groups?
ranging?from?5-year-olds?to?the?elderly.
[2]
? ?It?is?made?of?60?multiple?choice?questions,?listed?in?order?of?
difficulty.
[2
? ]
?This?format?is?designed?to?measure?the?test?taker's?reasoning?ability,?
the?eductive?("meaning-making")?component?of?Spearman's? g?( g?is?
often?referred?to?as?general?intelligence).?
? The?tests?were?originally?developed?by?John?C.?Raven?in?1936.
[3]
?In?
each?test?item,?the?subject?is?asked?to?identify?the?missing?element?
that?completes?a?pattern.
? ?Many?patterns?are?presented?in?the?form?of?a?6?6,?4?4,?3?3,?or?
2?2?matrix,?giving?the?test?its?name.
? All of the questions on the Raven's progressives
consist of visual geometric design with a missing
piece. The test taker is given six to eight choices to
pick from and fill in the missing piece.
[4]
? An IQ test item in the style of a Raven's
Progressive Matrices test. Given eight patterns,
the subject must identify the missing ninth
pattern
The Matrices are available in three different forms
for participants of different ability:
? Standard Progressive Matrices-This was
developed to assess a person?s intellectual ability
at the time of testing him with design or patterns.
? Person has to find relation between designs and
perform task. The booklet comprises five sets (A
to E) of 12 items each (e.g., A1 through A12),
? A and B-6 piece designs
? B & c-8 pieces of design. All items are presented
in black ink on a white background
? Coloured Progressive Matrices-Designed for
children aged 5 through 11 years-of-age, the
elderly, and mentally and physically impaired
individual participants.
? Tests the intellectual capacity of young
children and people.
? Coloured progressive matrixes-assess a
persons capacity of level of observation and
clear thinking
? This is a language free test
? The scale has two sets A and b and ab set
Advanced Progressive Matrices
? ?Persons?who?are?above?11?years?and?those?
who?are?above?average?in?mental?ability.
? Time?limit
? The?first?set?has?12?problems,2
nd
?set?contains?
48?items,?presented?as?one?set?of?12?(set?I),?
and?another?of?36?(set?II).?
Difference between individual test and
group test
Basic difference Individual test Group test
Sample size Small sample Ultra large samples
Format Open ended Multi choice
Examiner's role Significant role, Minimal role
Time factors More time consuming Less time consuming
Physical & personality test
? Physical abilities use tasks or abilities that
require physical ability to perform
? Measure physical attributes and characteristics
? Personality Assessment test:
? Personality means how people affect othersand
how they understand and view themselves as
well as their pattern of inner and outer
measurable traits and person situation
interaction
? Not a single characteristic; multidimensional in
nature with many interacting elements
Personality?assessment?test
? A?personality? test?is? a? questionnaire? or? other?
standardized? instrument? designed? to? reveal?
aspects? of? an? individual's? character? or?
psychological? makeup.? The? first?personality?
tests?were? developed? in? the? 1920s? and? were?
intended? to? ease? the? process? of? personnel?
selection,?particularly?in?the?armed?forces.?
? the?combination?of?characteristics?or?qualities?
that?form?an?individual's?distinctive?character.
Measuring personality:
? Personality rating methods
? Personality inventories
? Situational tests
? Projective methods
Personality rating methods
? Rating is a term applied or judgment regarding
some situation, object or character. Opinion
are usually expresses on a scale of values.
Rating techniques are derive which such
judgements may be quantified.
Rating scales:
?is a selected list of words , phrases , sentences or para
following which an observer records value or rating based
upon objective scale of values
? A rating scale is an instrument i.e. A list of questions
that is set to enable the reviewer to indicate the, size
or intensity of the underlying characteristics of a
person.
? Description of the characteristics ?clarity-rate
? Items on each scale must b described in such a way-to
know what they mean
? Items should be described in terms of behaviour
? The description of the personality
characteristic must be clear and we defined
? The item on each scale end must be described
? It should be concrete behaviour
Types?of?rating?scale:?
- Graphic?scale?
- A?straight?line?is?drawn?and?divided?into?many?parts?.?
Each?part-number?of?adjectives?are?written.
- Evaluator?has?to?mark?any?of?these.
- Length?of?the?line-5?inches
- 3-5?adjectives?are?used
- Division?on?the?line?should?be?equidistant
- Graphic?Rating?Scale?is?a?type?of?performance?
appraisal?method.?In?this?method?traits?or?behaviours?
that?are?important?for?effective?performance?are?listed?
out?and?each?employee?is?rated?against?these?traits.?
The?rating?helps?employers?to?quantify?the?behaviours?
displayed?by?its?employees.
? Numerical scale:
Marks as associated with certain indicators.
Data that are counted or measured using a
numerically defined method are called
numerical (quantitative).
Three point, five point seven point scale
? Ranking?order:?Statistical?technique,?rank?are?mentioned?in?the?
descending?order.?
? A?Rank?Order?scale?gives?the?respondent?a?set?of?items?and?asks?
them?to?put?the?items?in?some?form?oforder.?The?measure?of?
'order'?can?include?such?as?preference,?importance,?liking,?
effectiveness?and?so?on.?The?order?is?often?a?simple?ordinal?
structure?(A?is?higher?than?B)
? Paired?comparison?scale???each?person?compared?with?other?in?the?
group?
? The?Paired?Comparison?Scaling?is?a?comparative?scaling?technique?
wherein?the?respondent?is?shown?two?objects?at?the?same?time?and?
is?asked?to?select?one?according?to?the?defined?criterion.?
Rank order
Paired comparision
Forced choice scale
Forced choiced scale
? Forced choice refers to a specific format for
response options in survey questionnaires. In
a forced choice format, respondents are not
given a specific option to reflect a
"nonresponse" type choice, such as "no
opinion," "don't know," "not sure," or "not
applicable." Respondents must select a
response choice that provides a specific
answer to the survey item.
Rating interview-
The interviewing process often includes the use
of rating scales that the interviewers (also called
?raters?) use to evaluate the quality of the
interview and lead to some kind of
recommendation of the candidate for the job in
question.
Assess personality characteristicsof a subject on
a standardised rating scale.
Discusses worker?s achievement
? Situational tests: real life conditioning are
simulate
? Candidate?s spontaneous reactions will be
recorded
? It is done in a group and based on them
? It include role play, case studies, group
discussion

Types of situational test:
Derived from latin word socius ?social; metrum-
measure by Jacob L Moreno
Sociometry : the study of relationships within a
group of people.
Assess the positive and negative links between
persons within a group.
Sociometry is a way of measuring relationships
between people. Sociometric tests can include
variety of procedures used within social groups to
measure social status, popularity, peer
acceptance or rejection and reputation
Sociometry
? Used to evaluate group structure
? Measure amount of organization shown by
social group-sociometric test
? Made in respect to work, home , school
groups
? Determines position of each individual in a
group in which he has to function
CONSTRUCTION OF A SOCIOGRAM
A E F G
H
D
B I J
c K M
D is a star ?chosen by most of the members
J and g are unpopular
D serves as a bridge
ABCD has all channel communication
? Diagrammatic representation of patterns
showing interpersonal relationship
? This indicates choices, preferences, likes,
dislikes,interaction between individual
members in a group
? Gives a visual picture of sociometric structure
of a group
Various kinds of interaction in Sociometry test
? Social networks- a specific set of linkages among
defined set of people cluster
? Prescribed clusters- formal group within network
? Emergent clusters ? cluster of people who
temporarily align together to attain certain
objective
? Cliques- relatively permanent informal group
involving friendship
? Liaisons - individual who connect two or more
cluster but are no members of any cluster
? Bridges : connection as a linking pins by
belonging to two or more clusters
Importance of sociometry:
? Help to measure and build relationship
? Provide rich data
? Helps in group development
? Enhance group and individual perceptive
Psychodrama
?A body of philosophical, therapeutic,
educational, action based techniques-J.L
Moreno
- Action techniques in which individuals use
enactment to explore material that is
identified specific and personal to them.
Psychodrama is an action method, often used as
a psychotherapy, in which clients use
spontaneous dramatization, role playing, and
dramatic self-presentation to investigate and
gain insight into their lives.
Elements:
Stage- concrete situation within which protagonist story
can be brought to life
? Protagonist- is a person whose story is being enacted or
told. .
? the leading character or one of the major characters in a
play, film, novel, etc.
Director ? professional therapist who leads action and
planning.
He takes decisions involving what material
Auxiliary ego-is the position taken by other participants in a
role-playing exercise, or psychodrama, in order to simulate
particular situations for the protagonists.
role they take and what experience they bring to it.
Audience
Socio drama:
Variant of psychodrama
? A sociodrama is a dramatic play in which
several individuals spontaneously enact social
situations to understand situations more fully.
? Assign roles for the purpose of studying and
remedying problems in group or collective
relationships.
Enact various solutions to social problems.
? After each sociodrama, they have to debrief
an enactment and note what was learned.
? Brainstorm, problem solving and closure
Difference between Socio and
Psychodrama
PSYCHODRAMA SOCIOMETRY
EXPLORE INNER WORLD OF THE PERSON SOCIAL WORLD
INTRAPERSONAL INTERPERSONAL
Advantage of situational test:
Reveals personality characteristics
Superior to rating methods
Convenient
Useful in selection
Disadvantages:
Time consuming
Expensive
Personality inventories
? Francis Galton in 19
th
centaury
? Designed to assess the stable and enduring
characteristics of a person that may affect job
performance and workplace behavior.
? Inventories are known as questionnaires or scale
? Respondents are given list of statements in
standard order with fixed set of response
? Responses-assigned ratings to yield numerical
scores options
Types of inventories
? Bell adjustment inventory:
? Assesses individuals adjustment in variety of
situations
? Consists of 160 items & 4 subscales: home,
health, social, emotional
? High scores-poor adjustment; low scores-
better adjustment
Bernreuter test
? Robert G bernreuter-personality traits
? 125 questions-6 scales-B1N,B2S,B3-I,B4-D,F1C,
& F2S(BIPOLAR)
Personality characteristics of industrial and
other organisations
California Personality inventory
? *Created by Harrison Dough in 1956
? Purpose-to measure and evaluate an individual?s
interpersonal behavior and social interaction
? 434-true-false questions;18 scales
1. Measure of poise, ascendancy, self assurance and
interpersonal adequacy
2. Measure of socialization ,responsibility, intrapersonal
values, and character
3. Measure of achievement potiential & intellectual
efficiency
4. Measure of intellectual modes and interest modes
Minnesota personality scale
? Has separate forms for men and women
? Rates following aspects of personality
1. Morale
2. Social adjustment
3. Family relations
4. Emotionability-degree of stability
5. Used for last 2yrs of high school, college and
sometimes adults
6. Five choices-agree, strongly agree, undecided,
disagree,strongly disagree
? Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory
? 550 items, item is printed on separate card
? Inventory-indicates personality traits of the
individual
? One has to respond to questions with answers
?yes, no ,doubtful in the box provided.
? Responses are evaluated
Cornell index
? Standardised questionnaire for males only
? 101 items fall into 2 categories
1. Those differentiating sharply between persons
with serious personality disorders
(Does worrying continually get you down)
2. Those concerned with bodily symptoms-trouble
with food digestion
Response should be ?yes or no?
Effective in showing presence of anxiety states,
migraine,peptic ulcers, convulsive disorders,
asthma
Myer?briggs?type?indicator
? Based?on?Carl?jung?s?theory?of?personality
? Useful?in?promoting?personal?growth,?self?awareness,?
leadership?skills,?team?building,?career?development,?and?
improved?interpersonal?skills.
? Yields?scores?on?4??bipolar?dimensions:
1. Introversion-extroversion
2. Sensing-intuition- Sensing?and? intuition?are?the?
information-gathering?(perceiving)?functions.
3. Thinking-feeling-are?the?decision-making?(judging)?
functions.?Based?on?the?data?received?from?their?
information-gathering?functions
Subjective Objective
Perception Intuition/Sensing
Judging Feeling/Thinking
? Introversion?(thinking?things?through)?more?than?Extraversion?
(interacting?with?people)
? Sensing?(perceiving?tangible?facts)?more?than?iNtuition?
(perceiving?new?possibilities)
? Feeling?(making?decisions?using?subjective?values)?more?than?
Thinking?(making?decisions?using?objective?logic)
? Judgement?(an?organised?lifestyle)?more?than?Perception?(a?
flexible?lifestyle)
ISTJ ISFJ INFJ INTJ
ISTP ISFP INFP INTP
ESTP ESFP ENFP ENTP
ESTJ ESFJ ENFJ ENTJ
Myers-Briggs Types
Projective?methods
? A? projective?test?is?a?personality?test?designed?to?
let?a?person?respond?to?ambiguous?stimuli,?
presumably?revealing?hidden?emotions?and?
internal?conflicts?projected?by?the?person?into?the?
test
? Assess?the?way?people?respond?and?interpret?
inkblote?and?pictures?in?which?motives?and?
feelings?are?not?clear.
? This?is?a?sign?of?projection?of?their?own?
uncontrollable?feelings,?emotion,?personality??
characteristics
Rorschach Ink blot test
? Herman Rorschach-1921.
? determines the emotional and impulsive tendencies.
? Possible mental disturbance , introversion and
intelligence can be deduced
? Gives total image of testee?s personality
? Test composed of 10 cards on which inkblots appear
? Five inkblots are of black ink, two are of black and red
ink and three are multicolored, on a white background.
? Tester shows cards to the testee one by one and tests
responds what each card portrays
? Tester notes verbal responses(silences , time taken to
respond , how he holds the card , non-verbal behavior)
In next stage-what characteristics of
inkblots led to his responses which are
then noted, categorized &evaluated
on factors such as:
1. Observation and movement testee
has discerned from cards
2. Contents ascribed to inkblots-What
the inkblots represent
3. Light and shadow observed by
testee
4. Texture of the shapes that have
been observed-hair, skin
5. Responses are analysed
quantitatively and qualitatively
Thematic appreciation test
? Murray and morgon
? Individual is confronted with a situation and required
to make a imaginary story and reveal his personality
? The complete version of the test contains 32 picture
cards. Some of the cards show male figures, some
female, some both male and female figures, some of
ambiguous gender, some adults, some children, and
some show no human figures at all.
? One card is completely blank and is used to elicit both
a scene and a story about the given scene from the
storyteller
? The subject is asked to tell as dramatic a story as they can for
each picture presented, including the following:
? what has led up to the event shown
? what is happening at the moment
? what the characters are feeling and thinking
? what the outcome of the story was
? May be administered individually or in a group
? Each of these scoring categories attempts to measure the
following information:
? ?Story Design measures an individual?s ability to identify and
formulate a problem situation.
?Story Orientation assesses an examinees level of personal
control, emotional distress, confidence and motivation.
?Story Solutions assesses how impulsive an examinee is. In
addition to evaluating the types of problem solutions that are
provided, the number of problem solutions that examinees
provide for each of the TAT cards is summed.
? Story Resolution provides information on the examinees
ability to formulate problem solutions that maximize both
short and long-term goals.
5 different aspects
? Hero-When there is a older and younger
women it is clear younger is hero
? Need of the hero : identify needs motives ,
desires of the hero
? Identifies the presses: Any environmental
factor that may interfere with her needs
? Scoring for themes: nature of interplay and
conflict between needs and presses-type
of emotions elicited by the conflict how it
is resolved
? Scoring for outcome-comparative
strengths emanating from the hero,
strengths of the environment, amount of
hardship, frustration experienced, degree
of success and failure, happy and unhappy
endings.
Children appreciation test
? 3-10 age group
? 10 cards-Depict animal characters
? Should focus on identification of 10 characters
? Main theme
? Main hero
? Main needs and drives of hero
? Conception of the environment
? How figures are seen
? Significant conflicts
? Nature of anxieties
? Main defence against conflict and fears
Picture projective tests
? General purpose instrument with improved
psychometric qualities
? Section of 30 pictures
? Had to show a promise of eliciting meaningful
projective material
? Most but not all had to include more than one
human character
? About half of the pictures had to depict
affective expression, active poses.
Word association tests
? List of words is presented to a
subject who is asked to respond
with the first word or idea that
comes to his mind
? Many of the words appear to be
emotionally neutral
? Special interest are words that
tend to elicit personalized
reactions
? Amount of time taken before
beginning each response and the
response itself
Drawing tests
? Relevant for children as his thoughts and
feelings float into his drawings unwillingly
? Draw a person test-certain graphic
expressionsnwithin drawings reflect
personality characteristics.
? Asked to construct a person of the opposite
gender drawn
Verbal tests
? Story telling
? Sentence completion test: A person who
does not use lakes is being thoughtful of
? the ecosystem
? Projective questionnaire: situations totally
correlated to the job or organization are
given
? Painting tests:
? Great way of expressing negative emotions
re-ordering and re-evaluating the way we
express ourselves
? Helpful for children to talk about personal
problems
TYPING TEST
? Passage
? Scores-number of words typed per minute and number
of errors made
? Typing speed and accuracy
? Techniques of typing
? Touch typing: hands are placed over the keyboard in a
specific formation. position of the key is memorized
? Hunt and peck type:
? Buffer method: looks at the source copy, mentally
stores one or several sentences and then looks at the
keyboard and types.
Shorthand test
? Process of writing in shorthand-stenography
Need
1) To deliver long phone messages
2) Environments where audiorecorders are forbidden-track of
information.
3) Health professionals may use shorthand notes in medical
charts
Computer proficiency test:
Measure of knowledge and competency
Components:
Word processing;
Email
Internet skills
Spreadsheets
Database
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
? The?general?intelligence,? g,?influences?the?
performance?on?all?mental?tasks,?while?another?
component?influences?abilities?on?a?particular?
task.
[7]
? Raven's Progressive Matrices?(often?referred?to?simply?as?Raven's
Matrices)?or?RPM?is?a?nonverbal?group?test?typically?used?in?
educational?settings.
? ?It?is?usually?a?60-item?test?used?in?measuring?abstract?reasoning?and?
regarded?as?a?non-verbal?estimate?of?fluid?intelligence.
[
? 1]
?It?is?the?most?common?and?popular?test?administered?to?groups?
ranging?from?5-year-olds?to?the?elderly.
[2]
? ?It?is?made?of?60?multiple?choice?questions,?listed?in?order?of?
difficulty.
[2
? ]
?This?format?is?designed?to?measure?the?test?taker's?reasoning?ability,?
the?eductive?("meaning-making")?component?of?Spearman's? g?( g?is?
often?referred?to?as?general?intelligence).?
? The?tests?were?originally?developed?by?John?C.?Raven?in?1936.
[3]
?In?
each?test?item,?the?subject?is?asked?to?identify?the?missing?element?
that?completes?a?pattern.
? ?Many?patterns?are?presented?in?the?form?of?a?6?6,?4?4,?3?3,?or?
2?2?matrix,?giving?the?test?its?name.
? All of the questions on the Raven's progressives
consist of visual geometric design with a missing
piece. The test taker is given six to eight choices to
pick from and fill in the missing piece.
[4]
? An IQ test item in the style of a Raven's
Progressive Matrices test. Given eight patterns,
the subject must identify the missing ninth
pattern
The Matrices are available in three different forms
for participants of different ability:
? Standard Progressive Matrices-This was
developed to assess a person?s intellectual ability
at the time of testing him with design or patterns.
? Person has to find relation between designs and
perform task. The booklet comprises five sets (A
to E) of 12 items each (e.g., A1 through A12),
? A and B-6 piece designs
? B & c-8 pieces of design. All items are presented
in black ink on a white background
? Coloured Progressive Matrices-Designed for
children aged 5 through 11 years-of-age, the
elderly, and mentally and physically impaired
individual participants.
? Tests the intellectual capacity of young
children and people.
? Coloured progressive matrixes-assess a
persons capacity of level of observation and
clear thinking
? This is a language free test
? The scale has two sets A and b and ab set
Advanced Progressive Matrices
? ?Persons?who?are?above?11?years?and?those?
who?are?above?average?in?mental?ability.
? Time?limit
? The?first?set?has?12?problems,2
nd
?set?contains?
48?items,?presented?as?one?set?of?12?(set?I),?
and?another?of?36?(set?II).?
Difference between individual test and
group test
Basic difference Individual test Group test
Sample size Small sample Ultra large samples
Format Open ended Multi choice
Examiner's role Significant role, Minimal role
Time factors More time consuming Less time consuming
Physical & personality test
? Physical abilities use tasks or abilities that
require physical ability to perform
? Measure physical attributes and characteristics
? Personality Assessment test:
? Personality means how people affect othersand
how they understand and view themselves as
well as their pattern of inner and outer
measurable traits and person situation
interaction
? Not a single characteristic; multidimensional in
nature with many interacting elements
Personality?assessment?test
? A?personality? test?is? a? questionnaire? or? other?
standardized? instrument? designed? to? reveal?
aspects? of? an? individual's? character? or?
psychological? makeup.? The? first?personality?
tests?were? developed? in? the? 1920s? and? were?
intended? to? ease? the? process? of? personnel?
selection,?particularly?in?the?armed?forces.?
? the?combination?of?characteristics?or?qualities?
that?form?an?individual's?distinctive?character.
Measuring personality:
? Personality rating methods
? Personality inventories
? Situational tests
? Projective methods
Personality rating methods
? Rating is a term applied or judgment regarding
some situation, object or character. Opinion
are usually expresses on a scale of values.
Rating techniques are derive which such
judgements may be quantified.
Rating scales:
?is a selected list of words , phrases , sentences or para
following which an observer records value or rating based
upon objective scale of values
? A rating scale is an instrument i.e. A list of questions
that is set to enable the reviewer to indicate the, size
or intensity of the underlying characteristics of a
person.
? Description of the characteristics ?clarity-rate
? Items on each scale must b described in such a way-to
know what they mean
? Items should be described in terms of behaviour
? The description of the personality
characteristic must be clear and we defined
? The item on each scale end must be described
? It should be concrete behaviour
Types?of?rating?scale:?
- Graphic?scale?
- A?straight?line?is?drawn?and?divided?into?many?parts?.?
Each?part-number?of?adjectives?are?written.
- Evaluator?has?to?mark?any?of?these.
- Length?of?the?line-5?inches
- 3-5?adjectives?are?used
- Division?on?the?line?should?be?equidistant
- Graphic?Rating?Scale?is?a?type?of?performance?
appraisal?method.?In?this?method?traits?or?behaviours?
that?are?important?for?effective?performance?are?listed?
out?and?each?employee?is?rated?against?these?traits.?
The?rating?helps?employers?to?quantify?the?behaviours?
displayed?by?its?employees.
? Numerical scale:
Marks as associated with certain indicators.
Data that are counted or measured using a
numerically defined method are called
numerical (quantitative).
Three point, five point seven point scale
? Ranking?order:?Statistical?technique,?rank?are?mentioned?in?the?
descending?order.?
? A?Rank?Order?scale?gives?the?respondent?a?set?of?items?and?asks?
them?to?put?the?items?in?some?form?oforder.?The?measure?of?
'order'?can?include?such?as?preference,?importance,?liking,?
effectiveness?and?so?on.?The?order?is?often?a?simple?ordinal?
structure?(A?is?higher?than?B)
? Paired?comparison?scale???each?person?compared?with?other?in?the?
group?
? The?Paired?Comparison?Scaling?is?a?comparative?scaling?technique?
wherein?the?respondent?is?shown?two?objects?at?the?same?time?and?
is?asked?to?select?one?according?to?the?defined?criterion.?
Rank order
Paired comparision
Forced choice scale
Forced choiced scale
? Forced choice refers to a specific format for
response options in survey questionnaires. In
a forced choice format, respondents are not
given a specific option to reflect a
"nonresponse" type choice, such as "no
opinion," "don't know," "not sure," or "not
applicable." Respondents must select a
response choice that provides a specific
answer to the survey item.
Rating interview-
The interviewing process often includes the use
of rating scales that the interviewers (also called
?raters?) use to evaluate the quality of the
interview and lead to some kind of
recommendation of the candidate for the job in
question.
Assess personality characteristicsof a subject on
a standardised rating scale.
Discusses worker?s achievement
? Situational tests: real life conditioning are
simulate
? Candidate?s spontaneous reactions will be
recorded
? It is done in a group and based on them
? It include role play, case studies, group
discussion

Types of situational test:
Derived from latin word socius ?social; metrum-
measure by Jacob L Moreno
Sociometry : the study of relationships within a
group of people.
Assess the positive and negative links between
persons within a group.
Sociometry is a way of measuring relationships
between people. Sociometric tests can include
variety of procedures used within social groups to
measure social status, popularity, peer
acceptance or rejection and reputation
Sociometry
? Used to evaluate group structure
? Measure amount of organization shown by
social group-sociometric test
? Made in respect to work, home , school
groups
? Determines position of each individual in a
group in which he has to function
CONSTRUCTION OF A SOCIOGRAM
A E F G
H
D
B I J
c K M
D is a star ?chosen by most of the members
J and g are unpopular
D serves as a bridge
ABCD has all channel communication
? Diagrammatic representation of patterns
showing interpersonal relationship
? This indicates choices, preferences, likes,
dislikes,interaction between individual
members in a group
? Gives a visual picture of sociometric structure
of a group
Various kinds of interaction in Sociometry test
? Social networks- a specific set of linkages among
defined set of people cluster
? Prescribed clusters- formal group within network
? Emergent clusters ? cluster of people who
temporarily align together to attain certain
objective
? Cliques- relatively permanent informal group
involving friendship
? Liaisons - individual who connect two or more
cluster but are no members of any cluster
? Bridges : connection as a linking pins by
belonging to two or more clusters
Importance of sociometry:
? Help to measure and build relationship
? Provide rich data
? Helps in group development
? Enhance group and individual perceptive
Psychodrama
?A body of philosophical, therapeutic,
educational, action based techniques-J.L
Moreno
- Action techniques in which individuals use
enactment to explore material that is
identified specific and personal to them.
Psychodrama is an action method, often used as
a psychotherapy, in which clients use
spontaneous dramatization, role playing, and
dramatic self-presentation to investigate and
gain insight into their lives.
Elements:
Stage- concrete situation within which protagonist story
can be brought to life
? Protagonist- is a person whose story is being enacted or
told. .
? the leading character or one of the major characters in a
play, film, novel, etc.
Director ? professional therapist who leads action and
planning.
He takes decisions involving what material
Auxiliary ego-is the position taken by other participants in a
role-playing exercise, or psychodrama, in order to simulate
particular situations for the protagonists.
role they take and what experience they bring to it.
Audience
Socio drama:
Variant of psychodrama
? A sociodrama is a dramatic play in which
several individuals spontaneously enact social
situations to understand situations more fully.
? Assign roles for the purpose of studying and
remedying problems in group or collective
relationships.
Enact various solutions to social problems.
? After each sociodrama, they have to debrief
an enactment and note what was learned.
? Brainstorm, problem solving and closure
Difference between Socio and
Psychodrama
PSYCHODRAMA SOCIOMETRY
EXPLORE INNER WORLD OF THE PERSON SOCIAL WORLD
INTRAPERSONAL INTERPERSONAL
Advantage of situational test:
Reveals personality characteristics
Superior to rating methods
Convenient
Useful in selection
Disadvantages:
Time consuming
Expensive
Personality inventories
? Francis Galton in 19
th
centaury
? Designed to assess the stable and enduring
characteristics of a person that may affect job
performance and workplace behavior.
? Inventories are known as questionnaires or scale
? Respondents are given list of statements in
standard order with fixed set of response
? Responses-assigned ratings to yield numerical
scores options
Types of inventories
? Bell adjustment inventory:
? Assesses individuals adjustment in variety of
situations
? Consists of 160 items & 4 subscales: home,
health, social, emotional
? High scores-poor adjustment; low scores-
better adjustment
Bernreuter test
? Robert G bernreuter-personality traits
? 125 questions-6 scales-B1N,B2S,B3-I,B4-D,F1C,
& F2S(BIPOLAR)
Personality characteristics of industrial and
other organisations
California Personality inventory
? *Created by Harrison Dough in 1956
? Purpose-to measure and evaluate an individual?s
interpersonal behavior and social interaction
? 434-true-false questions;18 scales
1. Measure of poise, ascendancy, self assurance and
interpersonal adequacy
2. Measure of socialization ,responsibility, intrapersonal
values, and character
3. Measure of achievement potiential & intellectual
efficiency
4. Measure of intellectual modes and interest modes
Minnesota personality scale
? Has separate forms for men and women
? Rates following aspects of personality
1. Morale
2. Social adjustment
3. Family relations
4. Emotionability-degree of stability
5. Used for last 2yrs of high school, college and
sometimes adults
6. Five choices-agree, strongly agree, undecided,
disagree,strongly disagree
? Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory
? 550 items, item is printed on separate card
? Inventory-indicates personality traits of the
individual
? One has to respond to questions with answers
?yes, no ,doubtful in the box provided.
? Responses are evaluated
Cornell index
? Standardised questionnaire for males only
? 101 items fall into 2 categories
1. Those differentiating sharply between persons
with serious personality disorders
(Does worrying continually get you down)
2. Those concerned with bodily symptoms-trouble
with food digestion
Response should be ?yes or no?
Effective in showing presence of anxiety states,
migraine,peptic ulcers, convulsive disorders,
asthma
Myer?briggs?type?indicator
? Based?on?Carl?jung?s?theory?of?personality
? Useful?in?promoting?personal?growth,?self?awareness,?
leadership?skills,?team?building,?career?development,?and?
improved?interpersonal?skills.
? Yields?scores?on?4??bipolar?dimensions:
1. Introversion-extroversion
2. Sensing-intuition- Sensing?and? intuition?are?the?
information-gathering?(perceiving)?functions.
3. Thinking-feeling-are?the?decision-making?(judging)?
functions.?Based?on?the?data?received?from?their?
information-gathering?functions
Subjective Objective
Perception Intuition/Sensing
Judging Feeling/Thinking
? Introversion?(thinking?things?through)?more?than?Extraversion?
(interacting?with?people)
? Sensing?(perceiving?tangible?facts)?more?than?iNtuition?
(perceiving?new?possibilities)
? Feeling?(making?decisions?using?subjective?values)?more?than?
Thinking?(making?decisions?using?objective?logic)
? Judgement?(an?organised?lifestyle)?more?than?Perception?(a?
flexible?lifestyle)
ISTJ ISFJ INFJ INTJ
ISTP ISFP INFP INTP
ESTP ESFP ENFP ENTP
ESTJ ESFJ ENFJ ENTJ
Myers-Briggs Types
Projective?methods
? A? projective?test?is?a?personality?test?designed?to?
let?a?person?respond?to?ambiguous?stimuli,?
presumably?revealing?hidden?emotions?and?
internal?conflicts?projected?by?the?person?into?the?
test
? Assess?the?way?people?respond?and?interpret?
inkblote?and?pictures?in?which?motives?and?
feelings?are?not?clear.
? This?is?a?sign?of?projection?of?their?own?
uncontrollable?feelings,?emotion,?personality??
characteristics
Rorschach Ink blot test
? Herman Rorschach-1921.
? determines the emotional and impulsive tendencies.
? Possible mental disturbance , introversion and
intelligence can be deduced
? Gives total image of testee?s personality
? Test composed of 10 cards on which inkblots appear
? Five inkblots are of black ink, two are of black and red
ink and three are multicolored, on a white background.
? Tester shows cards to the testee one by one and tests
responds what each card portrays
? Tester notes verbal responses(silences , time taken to
respond , how he holds the card , non-verbal behavior)
In next stage-what characteristics of
inkblots led to his responses which are
then noted, categorized &evaluated
on factors such as:
1. Observation and movement testee
has discerned from cards
2. Contents ascribed to inkblots-What
the inkblots represent
3. Light and shadow observed by
testee
4. Texture of the shapes that have
been observed-hair, skin
5. Responses are analysed
quantitatively and qualitatively
Thematic appreciation test
? Murray and morgon
? Individual is confronted with a situation and required
to make a imaginary story and reveal his personality
? The complete version of the test contains 32 picture
cards. Some of the cards show male figures, some
female, some both male and female figures, some of
ambiguous gender, some adults, some children, and
some show no human figures at all.
? One card is completely blank and is used to elicit both
a scene and a story about the given scene from the
storyteller
? The subject is asked to tell as dramatic a story as they can for
each picture presented, including the following:
? what has led up to the event shown
? what is happening at the moment
? what the characters are feeling and thinking
? what the outcome of the story was
? May be administered individually or in a group
? Each of these scoring categories attempts to measure the
following information:
? ?Story Design measures an individual?s ability to identify and
formulate a problem situation.
?Story Orientation assesses an examinees level of personal
control, emotional distress, confidence and motivation.
?Story Solutions assesses how impulsive an examinee is. In
addition to evaluating the types of problem solutions that are
provided, the number of problem solutions that examinees
provide for each of the TAT cards is summed.
? Story Resolution provides information on the examinees
ability to formulate problem solutions that maximize both
short and long-term goals.
5 different aspects
? Hero-When there is a older and younger
women it is clear younger is hero
? Need of the hero : identify needs motives ,
desires of the hero
? Identifies the presses: Any environmental
factor that may interfere with her needs
? Scoring for themes: nature of interplay and
conflict between needs and presses-type
of emotions elicited by the conflict how it
is resolved
? Scoring for outcome-comparative
strengths emanating from the hero,
strengths of the environment, amount of
hardship, frustration experienced, degree
of success and failure, happy and unhappy
endings.
Children appreciation test
? 3-10 age group
? 10 cards-Depict animal characters
? Should focus on identification of 10 characters
? Main theme
? Main hero
? Main needs and drives of hero
? Conception of the environment
? How figures are seen
? Significant conflicts
? Nature of anxieties
? Main defence against conflict and fears
Picture projective tests
? General purpose instrument with improved
psychometric qualities
? Section of 30 pictures
? Had to show a promise of eliciting meaningful
projective material
? Most but not all had to include more than one
human character
? About half of the pictures had to depict
affective expression, active poses.
Word association tests
? List of words is presented to a
subject who is asked to respond
with the first word or idea that
comes to his mind
? Many of the words appear to be
emotionally neutral
? Special interest are words that
tend to elicit personalized
reactions
? Amount of time taken before
beginning each response and the
response itself
Drawing tests
? Relevant for children as his thoughts and
feelings float into his drawings unwillingly
? Draw a person test-certain graphic
expressionsnwithin drawings reflect
personality characteristics.
? Asked to construct a person of the opposite
gender drawn
Verbal tests
? Story telling
? Sentence completion test: A person who
does not use lakes is being thoughtful of
? the ecosystem
? Projective questionnaire: situations totally
correlated to the job or organization are
given
? Painting tests:
? Great way of expressing negative emotions
re-ordering and re-evaluating the way we
express ourselves
? Helpful for children to talk about personal
problems
TYPING TEST
? Passage
? Scores-number of words typed per minute and number
of errors made
? Typing speed and accuracy
? Techniques of typing
? Touch typing: hands are placed over the keyboard in a
specific formation. position of the key is memorized
? Hunt and peck type:
? Buffer method: looks at the source copy, mentally
stores one or several sentences and then looks at the
keyboard and types.
Shorthand test
? Process of writing in shorthand-stenography
Need
1) To deliver long phone messages
2) Environments where audiorecorders are forbidden-track of
information.
3) Health professionals may use shorthand notes in medical
charts
Computer proficiency test:
Measure of knowledge and competency
Components:
Word processing;
Email
Internet skills
Spreadsheets
Database
Interviewing
Interviews may be defined as face to face
communication method for knowing some
information about the potential job candidates.
It is a process of collecting some information
whether the candidates like the job or not.
Under these processes, job seekers invited to
appear at the interview board with their
relevant academic and other qualification
records
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
? The?general?intelligence,? g,?influences?the?
performance?on?all?mental?tasks,?while?another?
component?influences?abilities?on?a?particular?
task.
[7]
? Raven's Progressive Matrices?(often?referred?to?simply?as?Raven's
Matrices)?or?RPM?is?a?nonverbal?group?test?typically?used?in?
educational?settings.
? ?It?is?usually?a?60-item?test?used?in?measuring?abstract?reasoning?and?
regarded?as?a?non-verbal?estimate?of?fluid?intelligence.
[
? 1]
?It?is?the?most?common?and?popular?test?administered?to?groups?
ranging?from?5-year-olds?to?the?elderly.
[2]
? ?It?is?made?of?60?multiple?choice?questions,?listed?in?order?of?
difficulty.
[2
? ]
?This?format?is?designed?to?measure?the?test?taker's?reasoning?ability,?
the?eductive?("meaning-making")?component?of?Spearman's? g?( g?is?
often?referred?to?as?general?intelligence).?
? The?tests?were?originally?developed?by?John?C.?Raven?in?1936.
[3]
?In?
each?test?item,?the?subject?is?asked?to?identify?the?missing?element?
that?completes?a?pattern.
? ?Many?patterns?are?presented?in?the?form?of?a?6?6,?4?4,?3?3,?or?
2?2?matrix,?giving?the?test?its?name.
? All of the questions on the Raven's progressives
consist of visual geometric design with a missing
piece. The test taker is given six to eight choices to
pick from and fill in the missing piece.
[4]
? An IQ test item in the style of a Raven's
Progressive Matrices test. Given eight patterns,
the subject must identify the missing ninth
pattern
The Matrices are available in three different forms
for participants of different ability:
? Standard Progressive Matrices-This was
developed to assess a person?s intellectual ability
at the time of testing him with design or patterns.
? Person has to find relation between designs and
perform task. The booklet comprises five sets (A
to E) of 12 items each (e.g., A1 through A12),
? A and B-6 piece designs
? B & c-8 pieces of design. All items are presented
in black ink on a white background
? Coloured Progressive Matrices-Designed for
children aged 5 through 11 years-of-age, the
elderly, and mentally and physically impaired
individual participants.
? Tests the intellectual capacity of young
children and people.
? Coloured progressive matrixes-assess a
persons capacity of level of observation and
clear thinking
? This is a language free test
? The scale has two sets A and b and ab set
Advanced Progressive Matrices
? ?Persons?who?are?above?11?years?and?those?
who?are?above?average?in?mental?ability.
? Time?limit
? The?first?set?has?12?problems,2
nd
?set?contains?
48?items,?presented?as?one?set?of?12?(set?I),?
and?another?of?36?(set?II).?
Difference between individual test and
group test
Basic difference Individual test Group test
Sample size Small sample Ultra large samples
Format Open ended Multi choice
Examiner's role Significant role, Minimal role
Time factors More time consuming Less time consuming
Physical & personality test
? Physical abilities use tasks or abilities that
require physical ability to perform
? Measure physical attributes and characteristics
? Personality Assessment test:
? Personality means how people affect othersand
how they understand and view themselves as
well as their pattern of inner and outer
measurable traits and person situation
interaction
? Not a single characteristic; multidimensional in
nature with many interacting elements
Personality?assessment?test
? A?personality? test?is? a? questionnaire? or? other?
standardized? instrument? designed? to? reveal?
aspects? of? an? individual's? character? or?
psychological? makeup.? The? first?personality?
tests?were? developed? in? the? 1920s? and? were?
intended? to? ease? the? process? of? personnel?
selection,?particularly?in?the?armed?forces.?
? the?combination?of?characteristics?or?qualities?
that?form?an?individual's?distinctive?character.
Measuring personality:
? Personality rating methods
? Personality inventories
? Situational tests
? Projective methods
Personality rating methods
? Rating is a term applied or judgment regarding
some situation, object or character. Opinion
are usually expresses on a scale of values.
Rating techniques are derive which such
judgements may be quantified.
Rating scales:
?is a selected list of words , phrases , sentences or para
following which an observer records value or rating based
upon objective scale of values
? A rating scale is an instrument i.e. A list of questions
that is set to enable the reviewer to indicate the, size
or intensity of the underlying characteristics of a
person.
? Description of the characteristics ?clarity-rate
? Items on each scale must b described in such a way-to
know what they mean
? Items should be described in terms of behaviour
? The description of the personality
characteristic must be clear and we defined
? The item on each scale end must be described
? It should be concrete behaviour
Types?of?rating?scale:?
- Graphic?scale?
- A?straight?line?is?drawn?and?divided?into?many?parts?.?
Each?part-number?of?adjectives?are?written.
- Evaluator?has?to?mark?any?of?these.
- Length?of?the?line-5?inches
- 3-5?adjectives?are?used
- Division?on?the?line?should?be?equidistant
- Graphic?Rating?Scale?is?a?type?of?performance?
appraisal?method.?In?this?method?traits?or?behaviours?
that?are?important?for?effective?performance?are?listed?
out?and?each?employee?is?rated?against?these?traits.?
The?rating?helps?employers?to?quantify?the?behaviours?
displayed?by?its?employees.
? Numerical scale:
Marks as associated with certain indicators.
Data that are counted or measured using a
numerically defined method are called
numerical (quantitative).
Three point, five point seven point scale
? Ranking?order:?Statistical?technique,?rank?are?mentioned?in?the?
descending?order.?
? A?Rank?Order?scale?gives?the?respondent?a?set?of?items?and?asks?
them?to?put?the?items?in?some?form?oforder.?The?measure?of?
'order'?can?include?such?as?preference,?importance,?liking,?
effectiveness?and?so?on.?The?order?is?often?a?simple?ordinal?
structure?(A?is?higher?than?B)
? Paired?comparison?scale???each?person?compared?with?other?in?the?
group?
? The?Paired?Comparison?Scaling?is?a?comparative?scaling?technique?
wherein?the?respondent?is?shown?two?objects?at?the?same?time?and?
is?asked?to?select?one?according?to?the?defined?criterion.?
Rank order
Paired comparision
Forced choice scale
Forced choiced scale
? Forced choice refers to a specific format for
response options in survey questionnaires. In
a forced choice format, respondents are not
given a specific option to reflect a
"nonresponse" type choice, such as "no
opinion," "don't know," "not sure," or "not
applicable." Respondents must select a
response choice that provides a specific
answer to the survey item.
Rating interview-
The interviewing process often includes the use
of rating scales that the interviewers (also called
?raters?) use to evaluate the quality of the
interview and lead to some kind of
recommendation of the candidate for the job in
question.
Assess personality characteristicsof a subject on
a standardised rating scale.
Discusses worker?s achievement
? Situational tests: real life conditioning are
simulate
? Candidate?s spontaneous reactions will be
recorded
? It is done in a group and based on them
? It include role play, case studies, group
discussion

Types of situational test:
Derived from latin word socius ?social; metrum-
measure by Jacob L Moreno
Sociometry : the study of relationships within a
group of people.
Assess the positive and negative links between
persons within a group.
Sociometry is a way of measuring relationships
between people. Sociometric tests can include
variety of procedures used within social groups to
measure social status, popularity, peer
acceptance or rejection and reputation
Sociometry
? Used to evaluate group structure
? Measure amount of organization shown by
social group-sociometric test
? Made in respect to work, home , school
groups
? Determines position of each individual in a
group in which he has to function
CONSTRUCTION OF A SOCIOGRAM
A E F G
H
D
B I J
c K M
D is a star ?chosen by most of the members
J and g are unpopular
D serves as a bridge
ABCD has all channel communication
? Diagrammatic representation of patterns
showing interpersonal relationship
? This indicates choices, preferences, likes,
dislikes,interaction between individual
members in a group
? Gives a visual picture of sociometric structure
of a group
Various kinds of interaction in Sociometry test
? Social networks- a specific set of linkages among
defined set of people cluster
? Prescribed clusters- formal group within network
? Emergent clusters ? cluster of people who
temporarily align together to attain certain
objective
? Cliques- relatively permanent informal group
involving friendship
? Liaisons - individual who connect two or more
cluster but are no members of any cluster
? Bridges : connection as a linking pins by
belonging to two or more clusters
Importance of sociometry:
? Help to measure and build relationship
? Provide rich data
? Helps in group development
? Enhance group and individual perceptive
Psychodrama
?A body of philosophical, therapeutic,
educational, action based techniques-J.L
Moreno
- Action techniques in which individuals use
enactment to explore material that is
identified specific and personal to them.
Psychodrama is an action method, often used as
a psychotherapy, in which clients use
spontaneous dramatization, role playing, and
dramatic self-presentation to investigate and
gain insight into their lives.
Elements:
Stage- concrete situation within which protagonist story
can be brought to life
? Protagonist- is a person whose story is being enacted or
told. .
? the leading character or one of the major characters in a
play, film, novel, etc.
Director ? professional therapist who leads action and
planning.
He takes decisions involving what material
Auxiliary ego-is the position taken by other participants in a
role-playing exercise, or psychodrama, in order to simulate
particular situations for the protagonists.
role they take and what experience they bring to it.
Audience
Socio drama:
Variant of psychodrama
? A sociodrama is a dramatic play in which
several individuals spontaneously enact social
situations to understand situations more fully.
? Assign roles for the purpose of studying and
remedying problems in group or collective
relationships.
Enact various solutions to social problems.
? After each sociodrama, they have to debrief
an enactment and note what was learned.
? Brainstorm, problem solving and closure
Difference between Socio and
Psychodrama
PSYCHODRAMA SOCIOMETRY
EXPLORE INNER WORLD OF THE PERSON SOCIAL WORLD
INTRAPERSONAL INTERPERSONAL
Advantage of situational test:
Reveals personality characteristics
Superior to rating methods
Convenient
Useful in selection
Disadvantages:
Time consuming
Expensive
Personality inventories
? Francis Galton in 19
th
centaury
? Designed to assess the stable and enduring
characteristics of a person that may affect job
performance and workplace behavior.
? Inventories are known as questionnaires or scale
? Respondents are given list of statements in
standard order with fixed set of response
? Responses-assigned ratings to yield numerical
scores options
Types of inventories
? Bell adjustment inventory:
? Assesses individuals adjustment in variety of
situations
? Consists of 160 items & 4 subscales: home,
health, social, emotional
? High scores-poor adjustment; low scores-
better adjustment
Bernreuter test
? Robert G bernreuter-personality traits
? 125 questions-6 scales-B1N,B2S,B3-I,B4-D,F1C,
& F2S(BIPOLAR)
Personality characteristics of industrial and
other organisations
California Personality inventory
? *Created by Harrison Dough in 1956
? Purpose-to measure and evaluate an individual?s
interpersonal behavior and social interaction
? 434-true-false questions;18 scales
1. Measure of poise, ascendancy, self assurance and
interpersonal adequacy
2. Measure of socialization ,responsibility, intrapersonal
values, and character
3. Measure of achievement potiential & intellectual
efficiency
4. Measure of intellectual modes and interest modes
Minnesota personality scale
? Has separate forms for men and women
? Rates following aspects of personality
1. Morale
2. Social adjustment
3. Family relations
4. Emotionability-degree of stability
5. Used for last 2yrs of high school, college and
sometimes adults
6. Five choices-agree, strongly agree, undecided,
disagree,strongly disagree
? Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory
? 550 items, item is printed on separate card
? Inventory-indicates personality traits of the
individual
? One has to respond to questions with answers
?yes, no ,doubtful in the box provided.
? Responses are evaluated
Cornell index
? Standardised questionnaire for males only
? 101 items fall into 2 categories
1. Those differentiating sharply between persons
with serious personality disorders
(Does worrying continually get you down)
2. Those concerned with bodily symptoms-trouble
with food digestion
Response should be ?yes or no?
Effective in showing presence of anxiety states,
migraine,peptic ulcers, convulsive disorders,
asthma
Myer?briggs?type?indicator
? Based?on?Carl?jung?s?theory?of?personality
? Useful?in?promoting?personal?growth,?self?awareness,?
leadership?skills,?team?building,?career?development,?and?
improved?interpersonal?skills.
? Yields?scores?on?4??bipolar?dimensions:
1. Introversion-extroversion
2. Sensing-intuition- Sensing?and? intuition?are?the?
information-gathering?(perceiving)?functions.
3. Thinking-feeling-are?the?decision-making?(judging)?
functions.?Based?on?the?data?received?from?their?
information-gathering?functions
Subjective Objective
Perception Intuition/Sensing
Judging Feeling/Thinking
? Introversion?(thinking?things?through)?more?than?Extraversion?
(interacting?with?people)
? Sensing?(perceiving?tangible?facts)?more?than?iNtuition?
(perceiving?new?possibilities)
? Feeling?(making?decisions?using?subjective?values)?more?than?
Thinking?(making?decisions?using?objective?logic)
? Judgement?(an?organised?lifestyle)?more?than?Perception?(a?
flexible?lifestyle)
ISTJ ISFJ INFJ INTJ
ISTP ISFP INFP INTP
ESTP ESFP ENFP ENTP
ESTJ ESFJ ENFJ ENTJ
Myers-Briggs Types
Projective?methods
? A? projective?test?is?a?personality?test?designed?to?
let?a?person?respond?to?ambiguous?stimuli,?
presumably?revealing?hidden?emotions?and?
internal?conflicts?projected?by?the?person?into?the?
test
? Assess?the?way?people?respond?and?interpret?
inkblote?and?pictures?in?which?motives?and?
feelings?are?not?clear.
? This?is?a?sign?of?projection?of?their?own?
uncontrollable?feelings,?emotion,?personality??
characteristics
Rorschach Ink blot test
? Herman Rorschach-1921.
? determines the emotional and impulsive tendencies.
? Possible mental disturbance , introversion and
intelligence can be deduced
? Gives total image of testee?s personality
? Test composed of 10 cards on which inkblots appear
? Five inkblots are of black ink, two are of black and red
ink and three are multicolored, on a white background.
? Tester shows cards to the testee one by one and tests
responds what each card portrays
? Tester notes verbal responses(silences , time taken to
respond , how he holds the card , non-verbal behavior)
In next stage-what characteristics of
inkblots led to his responses which are
then noted, categorized &evaluated
on factors such as:
1. Observation and movement testee
has discerned from cards
2. Contents ascribed to inkblots-What
the inkblots represent
3. Light and shadow observed by
testee
4. Texture of the shapes that have
been observed-hair, skin
5. Responses are analysed
quantitatively and qualitatively
Thematic appreciation test
? Murray and morgon
? Individual is confronted with a situation and required
to make a imaginary story and reveal his personality
? The complete version of the test contains 32 picture
cards. Some of the cards show male figures, some
female, some both male and female figures, some of
ambiguous gender, some adults, some children, and
some show no human figures at all.
? One card is completely blank and is used to elicit both
a scene and a story about the given scene from the
storyteller
? The subject is asked to tell as dramatic a story as they can for
each picture presented, including the following:
? what has led up to the event shown
? what is happening at the moment
? what the characters are feeling and thinking
? what the outcome of the story was
? May be administered individually or in a group
? Each of these scoring categories attempts to measure the
following information:
? ?Story Design measures an individual?s ability to identify and
formulate a problem situation.
?Story Orientation assesses an examinees level of personal
control, emotional distress, confidence and motivation.
?Story Solutions assesses how impulsive an examinee is. In
addition to evaluating the types of problem solutions that are
provided, the number of problem solutions that examinees
provide for each of the TAT cards is summed.
? Story Resolution provides information on the examinees
ability to formulate problem solutions that maximize both
short and long-term goals.
5 different aspects
? Hero-When there is a older and younger
women it is clear younger is hero
? Need of the hero : identify needs motives ,
desires of the hero
? Identifies the presses: Any environmental
factor that may interfere with her needs
? Scoring for themes: nature of interplay and
conflict between needs and presses-type
of emotions elicited by the conflict how it
is resolved
? Scoring for outcome-comparative
strengths emanating from the hero,
strengths of the environment, amount of
hardship, frustration experienced, degree
of success and failure, happy and unhappy
endings.
Children appreciation test
? 3-10 age group
? 10 cards-Depict animal characters
? Should focus on identification of 10 characters
? Main theme
? Main hero
? Main needs and drives of hero
? Conception of the environment
? How figures are seen
? Significant conflicts
? Nature of anxieties
? Main defence against conflict and fears
Picture projective tests
? General purpose instrument with improved
psychometric qualities
? Section of 30 pictures
? Had to show a promise of eliciting meaningful
projective material
? Most but not all had to include more than one
human character
? About half of the pictures had to depict
affective expression, active poses.
Word association tests
? List of words is presented to a
subject who is asked to respond
with the first word or idea that
comes to his mind
? Many of the words appear to be
emotionally neutral
? Special interest are words that
tend to elicit personalized
reactions
? Amount of time taken before
beginning each response and the
response itself
Drawing tests
? Relevant for children as his thoughts and
feelings float into his drawings unwillingly
? Draw a person test-certain graphic
expressionsnwithin drawings reflect
personality characteristics.
? Asked to construct a person of the opposite
gender drawn
Verbal tests
? Story telling
? Sentence completion test: A person who
does not use lakes is being thoughtful of
? the ecosystem
? Projective questionnaire: situations totally
correlated to the job or organization are
given
? Painting tests:
? Great way of expressing negative emotions
re-ordering and re-evaluating the way we
express ourselves
? Helpful for children to talk about personal
problems
TYPING TEST
? Passage
? Scores-number of words typed per minute and number
of errors made
? Typing speed and accuracy
? Techniques of typing
? Touch typing: hands are placed over the keyboard in a
specific formation. position of the key is memorized
? Hunt and peck type:
? Buffer method: looks at the source copy, mentally
stores one or several sentences and then looks at the
keyboard and types.
Shorthand test
? Process of writing in shorthand-stenography
Need
1) To deliver long phone messages
2) Environments where audiorecorders are forbidden-track of
information.
3) Health professionals may use shorthand notes in medical
charts
Computer proficiency test:
Measure of knowledge and competency
Components:
Word processing;
Email
Internet skills
Spreadsheets
Database
Interviewing
Interviews may be defined as face to face
communication method for knowing some
information about the potential job candidates.
It is a process of collecting some information
whether the candidates like the job or not.
Under these processes, job seekers invited to
appear at the interview board with their
relevant academic and other qualification
records
Feature:
? Pre arranged and planned process
? Two way communication
? Purposefully designed
? Conversation
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
? The?general?intelligence,? g,?influences?the?
performance?on?all?mental?tasks,?while?another?
component?influences?abilities?on?a?particular?
task.
[7]
? Raven's Progressive Matrices?(often?referred?to?simply?as?Raven's
Matrices)?or?RPM?is?a?nonverbal?group?test?typically?used?in?
educational?settings.
? ?It?is?usually?a?60-item?test?used?in?measuring?abstract?reasoning?and?
regarded?as?a?non-verbal?estimate?of?fluid?intelligence.
[
? 1]
?It?is?the?most?common?and?popular?test?administered?to?groups?
ranging?from?5-year-olds?to?the?elderly.
[2]
? ?It?is?made?of?60?multiple?choice?questions,?listed?in?order?of?
difficulty.
[2
? ]
?This?format?is?designed?to?measure?the?test?taker's?reasoning?ability,?
the?eductive?("meaning-making")?component?of?Spearman's? g?( g?is?
often?referred?to?as?general?intelligence).?
? The?tests?were?originally?developed?by?John?C.?Raven?in?1936.
[3]
?In?
each?test?item,?the?subject?is?asked?to?identify?the?missing?element?
that?completes?a?pattern.
? ?Many?patterns?are?presented?in?the?form?of?a?6?6,?4?4,?3?3,?or?
2?2?matrix,?giving?the?test?its?name.
? All of the questions on the Raven's progressives
consist of visual geometric design with a missing
piece. The test taker is given six to eight choices to
pick from and fill in the missing piece.
[4]
? An IQ test item in the style of a Raven's
Progressive Matrices test. Given eight patterns,
the subject must identify the missing ninth
pattern
The Matrices are available in three different forms
for participants of different ability:
? Standard Progressive Matrices-This was
developed to assess a person?s intellectual ability
at the time of testing him with design or patterns.
? Person has to find relation between designs and
perform task. The booklet comprises five sets (A
to E) of 12 items each (e.g., A1 through A12),
? A and B-6 piece designs
? B & c-8 pieces of design. All items are presented
in black ink on a white background
? Coloured Progressive Matrices-Designed for
children aged 5 through 11 years-of-age, the
elderly, and mentally and physically impaired
individual participants.
? Tests the intellectual capacity of young
children and people.
? Coloured progressive matrixes-assess a
persons capacity of level of observation and
clear thinking
? This is a language free test
? The scale has two sets A and b and ab set
Advanced Progressive Matrices
? ?Persons?who?are?above?11?years?and?those?
who?are?above?average?in?mental?ability.
? Time?limit
? The?first?set?has?12?problems,2
nd
?set?contains?
48?items,?presented?as?one?set?of?12?(set?I),?
and?another?of?36?(set?II).?
Difference between individual test and
group test
Basic difference Individual test Group test
Sample size Small sample Ultra large samples
Format Open ended Multi choice
Examiner's role Significant role, Minimal role
Time factors More time consuming Less time consuming
Physical & personality test
? Physical abilities use tasks or abilities that
require physical ability to perform
? Measure physical attributes and characteristics
? Personality Assessment test:
? Personality means how people affect othersand
how they understand and view themselves as
well as their pattern of inner and outer
measurable traits and person situation
interaction
? Not a single characteristic; multidimensional in
nature with many interacting elements
Personality?assessment?test
? A?personality? test?is? a? questionnaire? or? other?
standardized? instrument? designed? to? reveal?
aspects? of? an? individual's? character? or?
psychological? makeup.? The? first?personality?
tests?were? developed? in? the? 1920s? and? were?
intended? to? ease? the? process? of? personnel?
selection,?particularly?in?the?armed?forces.?
? the?combination?of?characteristics?or?qualities?
that?form?an?individual's?distinctive?character.
Measuring personality:
? Personality rating methods
? Personality inventories
? Situational tests
? Projective methods
Personality rating methods
? Rating is a term applied or judgment regarding
some situation, object or character. Opinion
are usually expresses on a scale of values.
Rating techniques are derive which such
judgements may be quantified.
Rating scales:
?is a selected list of words , phrases , sentences or para
following which an observer records value or rating based
upon objective scale of values
? A rating scale is an instrument i.e. A list of questions
that is set to enable the reviewer to indicate the, size
or intensity of the underlying characteristics of a
person.
? Description of the characteristics ?clarity-rate
? Items on each scale must b described in such a way-to
know what they mean
? Items should be described in terms of behaviour
? The description of the personality
characteristic must be clear and we defined
? The item on each scale end must be described
? It should be concrete behaviour
Types?of?rating?scale:?
- Graphic?scale?
- A?straight?line?is?drawn?and?divided?into?many?parts?.?
Each?part-number?of?adjectives?are?written.
- Evaluator?has?to?mark?any?of?these.
- Length?of?the?line-5?inches
- 3-5?adjectives?are?used
- Division?on?the?line?should?be?equidistant
- Graphic?Rating?Scale?is?a?type?of?performance?
appraisal?method.?In?this?method?traits?or?behaviours?
that?are?important?for?effective?performance?are?listed?
out?and?each?employee?is?rated?against?these?traits.?
The?rating?helps?employers?to?quantify?the?behaviours?
displayed?by?its?employees.
? Numerical scale:
Marks as associated with certain indicators.
Data that are counted or measured using a
numerically defined method are called
numerical (quantitative).
Three point, five point seven point scale
? Ranking?order:?Statistical?technique,?rank?are?mentioned?in?the?
descending?order.?
? A?Rank?Order?scale?gives?the?respondent?a?set?of?items?and?asks?
them?to?put?the?items?in?some?form?oforder.?The?measure?of?
'order'?can?include?such?as?preference,?importance,?liking,?
effectiveness?and?so?on.?The?order?is?often?a?simple?ordinal?
structure?(A?is?higher?than?B)
? Paired?comparison?scale???each?person?compared?with?other?in?the?
group?
? The?Paired?Comparison?Scaling?is?a?comparative?scaling?technique?
wherein?the?respondent?is?shown?two?objects?at?the?same?time?and?
is?asked?to?select?one?according?to?the?defined?criterion.?
Rank order
Paired comparision
Forced choice scale
Forced choiced scale
? Forced choice refers to a specific format for
response options in survey questionnaires. In
a forced choice format, respondents are not
given a specific option to reflect a
"nonresponse" type choice, such as "no
opinion," "don't know," "not sure," or "not
applicable." Respondents must select a
response choice that provides a specific
answer to the survey item.
Rating interview-
The interviewing process often includes the use
of rating scales that the interviewers (also called
?raters?) use to evaluate the quality of the
interview and lead to some kind of
recommendation of the candidate for the job in
question.
Assess personality characteristicsof a subject on
a standardised rating scale.
Discusses worker?s achievement
? Situational tests: real life conditioning are
simulate
? Candidate?s spontaneous reactions will be
recorded
? It is done in a group and based on them
? It include role play, case studies, group
discussion

Types of situational test:
Derived from latin word socius ?social; metrum-
measure by Jacob L Moreno
Sociometry : the study of relationships within a
group of people.
Assess the positive and negative links between
persons within a group.
Sociometry is a way of measuring relationships
between people. Sociometric tests can include
variety of procedures used within social groups to
measure social status, popularity, peer
acceptance or rejection and reputation
Sociometry
? Used to evaluate group structure
? Measure amount of organization shown by
social group-sociometric test
? Made in respect to work, home , school
groups
? Determines position of each individual in a
group in which he has to function
CONSTRUCTION OF A SOCIOGRAM
A E F G
H
D
B I J
c K M
D is a star ?chosen by most of the members
J and g are unpopular
D serves as a bridge
ABCD has all channel communication
? Diagrammatic representation of patterns
showing interpersonal relationship
? This indicates choices, preferences, likes,
dislikes,interaction between individual
members in a group
? Gives a visual picture of sociometric structure
of a group
Various kinds of interaction in Sociometry test
? Social networks- a specific set of linkages among
defined set of people cluster
? Prescribed clusters- formal group within network
? Emergent clusters ? cluster of people who
temporarily align together to attain certain
objective
? Cliques- relatively permanent informal group
involving friendship
? Liaisons - individual who connect two or more
cluster but are no members of any cluster
? Bridges : connection as a linking pins by
belonging to two or more clusters
Importance of sociometry:
? Help to measure and build relationship
? Provide rich data
? Helps in group development
? Enhance group and individual perceptive
Psychodrama
?A body of philosophical, therapeutic,
educational, action based techniques-J.L
Moreno
- Action techniques in which individuals use
enactment to explore material that is
identified specific and personal to them.
Psychodrama is an action method, often used as
a psychotherapy, in which clients use
spontaneous dramatization, role playing, and
dramatic self-presentation to investigate and
gain insight into their lives.
Elements:
Stage- concrete situation within which protagonist story
can be brought to life
? Protagonist- is a person whose story is being enacted or
told. .
? the leading character or one of the major characters in a
play, film, novel, etc.
Director ? professional therapist who leads action and
planning.
He takes decisions involving what material
Auxiliary ego-is the position taken by other participants in a
role-playing exercise, or psychodrama, in order to simulate
particular situations for the protagonists.
role they take and what experience they bring to it.
Audience
Socio drama:
Variant of psychodrama
? A sociodrama is a dramatic play in which
several individuals spontaneously enact social
situations to understand situations more fully.
? Assign roles for the purpose of studying and
remedying problems in group or collective
relationships.
Enact various solutions to social problems.
? After each sociodrama, they have to debrief
an enactment and note what was learned.
? Brainstorm, problem solving and closure
Difference between Socio and
Psychodrama
PSYCHODRAMA SOCIOMETRY
EXPLORE INNER WORLD OF THE PERSON SOCIAL WORLD
INTRAPERSONAL INTERPERSONAL
Advantage of situational test:
Reveals personality characteristics
Superior to rating methods
Convenient
Useful in selection
Disadvantages:
Time consuming
Expensive
Personality inventories
? Francis Galton in 19
th
centaury
? Designed to assess the stable and enduring
characteristics of a person that may affect job
performance and workplace behavior.
? Inventories are known as questionnaires or scale
? Respondents are given list of statements in
standard order with fixed set of response
? Responses-assigned ratings to yield numerical
scores options
Types of inventories
? Bell adjustment inventory:
? Assesses individuals adjustment in variety of
situations
? Consists of 160 items & 4 subscales: home,
health, social, emotional
? High scores-poor adjustment; low scores-
better adjustment
Bernreuter test
? Robert G bernreuter-personality traits
? 125 questions-6 scales-B1N,B2S,B3-I,B4-D,F1C,
& F2S(BIPOLAR)
Personality characteristics of industrial and
other organisations
California Personality inventory
? *Created by Harrison Dough in 1956
? Purpose-to measure and evaluate an individual?s
interpersonal behavior and social interaction
? 434-true-false questions;18 scales
1. Measure of poise, ascendancy, self assurance and
interpersonal adequacy
2. Measure of socialization ,responsibility, intrapersonal
values, and character
3. Measure of achievement potiential & intellectual
efficiency
4. Measure of intellectual modes and interest modes
Minnesota personality scale
? Has separate forms for men and women
? Rates following aspects of personality
1. Morale
2. Social adjustment
3. Family relations
4. Emotionability-degree of stability
5. Used for last 2yrs of high school, college and
sometimes adults
6. Five choices-agree, strongly agree, undecided,
disagree,strongly disagree
? Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory
? 550 items, item is printed on separate card
? Inventory-indicates personality traits of the
individual
? One has to respond to questions with answers
?yes, no ,doubtful in the box provided.
? Responses are evaluated
Cornell index
? Standardised questionnaire for males only
? 101 items fall into 2 categories
1. Those differentiating sharply between persons
with serious personality disorders
(Does worrying continually get you down)
2. Those concerned with bodily symptoms-trouble
with food digestion
Response should be ?yes or no?
Effective in showing presence of anxiety states,
migraine,peptic ulcers, convulsive disorders,
asthma
Myer?briggs?type?indicator
? Based?on?Carl?jung?s?theory?of?personality
? Useful?in?promoting?personal?growth,?self?awareness,?
leadership?skills,?team?building,?career?development,?and?
improved?interpersonal?skills.
? Yields?scores?on?4??bipolar?dimensions:
1. Introversion-extroversion
2. Sensing-intuition- Sensing?and? intuition?are?the?
information-gathering?(perceiving)?functions.
3. Thinking-feeling-are?the?decision-making?(judging)?
functions.?Based?on?the?data?received?from?their?
information-gathering?functions
Subjective Objective
Perception Intuition/Sensing
Judging Feeling/Thinking
? Introversion?(thinking?things?through)?more?than?Extraversion?
(interacting?with?people)
? Sensing?(perceiving?tangible?facts)?more?than?iNtuition?
(perceiving?new?possibilities)
? Feeling?(making?decisions?using?subjective?values)?more?than?
Thinking?(making?decisions?using?objective?logic)
? Judgement?(an?organised?lifestyle)?more?than?Perception?(a?
flexible?lifestyle)
ISTJ ISFJ INFJ INTJ
ISTP ISFP INFP INTP
ESTP ESFP ENFP ENTP
ESTJ ESFJ ENFJ ENTJ
Myers-Briggs Types
Projective?methods
? A? projective?test?is?a?personality?test?designed?to?
let?a?person?respond?to?ambiguous?stimuli,?
presumably?revealing?hidden?emotions?and?
internal?conflicts?projected?by?the?person?into?the?
test
? Assess?the?way?people?respond?and?interpret?
inkblote?and?pictures?in?which?motives?and?
feelings?are?not?clear.
? This?is?a?sign?of?projection?of?their?own?
uncontrollable?feelings,?emotion,?personality??
characteristics
Rorschach Ink blot test
? Herman Rorschach-1921.
? determines the emotional and impulsive tendencies.
? Possible mental disturbance , introversion and
intelligence can be deduced
? Gives total image of testee?s personality
? Test composed of 10 cards on which inkblots appear
? Five inkblots are of black ink, two are of black and red
ink and three are multicolored, on a white background.
? Tester shows cards to the testee one by one and tests
responds what each card portrays
? Tester notes verbal responses(silences , time taken to
respond , how he holds the card , non-verbal behavior)
In next stage-what characteristics of
inkblots led to his responses which are
then noted, categorized &evaluated
on factors such as:
1. Observation and movement testee
has discerned from cards
2. Contents ascribed to inkblots-What
the inkblots represent
3. Light and shadow observed by
testee
4. Texture of the shapes that have
been observed-hair, skin
5. Responses are analysed
quantitatively and qualitatively
Thematic appreciation test
? Murray and morgon
? Individual is confronted with a situation and required
to make a imaginary story and reveal his personality
? The complete version of the test contains 32 picture
cards. Some of the cards show male figures, some
female, some both male and female figures, some of
ambiguous gender, some adults, some children, and
some show no human figures at all.
? One card is completely blank and is used to elicit both
a scene and a story about the given scene from the
storyteller
? The subject is asked to tell as dramatic a story as they can for
each picture presented, including the following:
? what has led up to the event shown
? what is happening at the moment
? what the characters are feeling and thinking
? what the outcome of the story was
? May be administered individually or in a group
? Each of these scoring categories attempts to measure the
following information:
? ?Story Design measures an individual?s ability to identify and
formulate a problem situation.
?Story Orientation assesses an examinees level of personal
control, emotional distress, confidence and motivation.
?Story Solutions assesses how impulsive an examinee is. In
addition to evaluating the types of problem solutions that are
provided, the number of problem solutions that examinees
provide for each of the TAT cards is summed.
? Story Resolution provides information on the examinees
ability to formulate problem solutions that maximize both
short and long-term goals.
5 different aspects
? Hero-When there is a older and younger
women it is clear younger is hero
? Need of the hero : identify needs motives ,
desires of the hero
? Identifies the presses: Any environmental
factor that may interfere with her needs
? Scoring for themes: nature of interplay and
conflict between needs and presses-type
of emotions elicited by the conflict how it
is resolved
? Scoring for outcome-comparative
strengths emanating from the hero,
strengths of the environment, amount of
hardship, frustration experienced, degree
of success and failure, happy and unhappy
endings.
Children appreciation test
? 3-10 age group
? 10 cards-Depict animal characters
? Should focus on identification of 10 characters
? Main theme
? Main hero
? Main needs and drives of hero
? Conception of the environment
? How figures are seen
? Significant conflicts
? Nature of anxieties
? Main defence against conflict and fears
Picture projective tests
? General purpose instrument with improved
psychometric qualities
? Section of 30 pictures
? Had to show a promise of eliciting meaningful
projective material
? Most but not all had to include more than one
human character
? About half of the pictures had to depict
affective expression, active poses.
Word association tests
? List of words is presented to a
subject who is asked to respond
with the first word or idea that
comes to his mind
? Many of the words appear to be
emotionally neutral
? Special interest are words that
tend to elicit personalized
reactions
? Amount of time taken before
beginning each response and the
response itself
Drawing tests
? Relevant for children as his thoughts and
feelings float into his drawings unwillingly
? Draw a person test-certain graphic
expressionsnwithin drawings reflect
personality characteristics.
? Asked to construct a person of the opposite
gender drawn
Verbal tests
? Story telling
? Sentence completion test: A person who
does not use lakes is being thoughtful of
? the ecosystem
? Projective questionnaire: situations totally
correlated to the job or organization are
given
? Painting tests:
? Great way of expressing negative emotions
re-ordering and re-evaluating the way we
express ourselves
? Helpful for children to talk about personal
problems
TYPING TEST
? Passage
? Scores-number of words typed per minute and number
of errors made
? Typing speed and accuracy
? Techniques of typing
? Touch typing: hands are placed over the keyboard in a
specific formation. position of the key is memorized
? Hunt and peck type:
? Buffer method: looks at the source copy, mentally
stores one or several sentences and then looks at the
keyboard and types.
Shorthand test
? Process of writing in shorthand-stenography
Need
1) To deliver long phone messages
2) Environments where audiorecorders are forbidden-track of
information.
3) Health professionals may use shorthand notes in medical
charts
Computer proficiency test:
Measure of knowledge and competency
Components:
Word processing;
Email
Internet skills
Spreadsheets
Database
Interviewing
Interviews may be defined as face to face
communication method for knowing some
information about the potential job candidates.
It is a process of collecting some information
whether the candidates like the job or not.
Under these processes, job seekers invited to
appear at the interview board with their
relevant academic and other qualification
records
Feature:
? Pre arranged and planned process
? Two way communication
? Purposefully designed
? Conversation
Objectives:
Judgement of application
Information about the application
Developing confidence

FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
? The?general?intelligence,? g,?influences?the?
performance?on?all?mental?tasks,?while?another?
component?influences?abilities?on?a?particular?
task.
[7]
? Raven's Progressive Matrices?(often?referred?to?simply?as?Raven's
Matrices)?or?RPM?is?a?nonverbal?group?test?typically?used?in?
educational?settings.
? ?It?is?usually?a?60-item?test?used?in?measuring?abstract?reasoning?and?
regarded?as?a?non-verbal?estimate?of?fluid?intelligence.
[
? 1]
?It?is?the?most?common?and?popular?test?administered?to?groups?
ranging?from?5-year-olds?to?the?elderly.
[2]
? ?It?is?made?of?60?multiple?choice?questions,?listed?in?order?of?
difficulty.
[2
? ]
?This?format?is?designed?to?measure?the?test?taker's?reasoning?ability,?
the?eductive?("meaning-making")?component?of?Spearman's? g?( g?is?
often?referred?to?as?general?intelligence).?
? The?tests?were?originally?developed?by?John?C.?Raven?in?1936.
[3]
?In?
each?test?item,?the?subject?is?asked?to?identify?the?missing?element?
that?completes?a?pattern.
? ?Many?patterns?are?presented?in?the?form?of?a?6?6,?4?4,?3?3,?or?
2?2?matrix,?giving?the?test?its?name.
? All of the questions on the Raven's progressives
consist of visual geometric design with a missing
piece. The test taker is given six to eight choices to
pick from and fill in the missing piece.
[4]
? An IQ test item in the style of a Raven's
Progressive Matrices test. Given eight patterns,
the subject must identify the missing ninth
pattern
The Matrices are available in three different forms
for participants of different ability:
? Standard Progressive Matrices-This was
developed to assess a person?s intellectual ability
at the time of testing him with design or patterns.
? Person has to find relation between designs and
perform task. The booklet comprises five sets (A
to E) of 12 items each (e.g., A1 through A12),
? A and B-6 piece designs
? B & c-8 pieces of design. All items are presented
in black ink on a white background
? Coloured Progressive Matrices-Designed for
children aged 5 through 11 years-of-age, the
elderly, and mentally and physically impaired
individual participants.
? Tests the intellectual capacity of young
children and people.
? Coloured progressive matrixes-assess a
persons capacity of level of observation and
clear thinking
? This is a language free test
? The scale has two sets A and b and ab set
Advanced Progressive Matrices
? ?Persons?who?are?above?11?years?and?those?
who?are?above?average?in?mental?ability.
? Time?limit
? The?first?set?has?12?problems,2
nd
?set?contains?
48?items,?presented?as?one?set?of?12?(set?I),?
and?another?of?36?(set?II).?
Difference between individual test and
group test
Basic difference Individual test Group test
Sample size Small sample Ultra large samples
Format Open ended Multi choice
Examiner's role Significant role, Minimal role
Time factors More time consuming Less time consuming
Physical & personality test
? Physical abilities use tasks or abilities that
require physical ability to perform
? Measure physical attributes and characteristics
? Personality Assessment test:
? Personality means how people affect othersand
how they understand and view themselves as
well as their pattern of inner and outer
measurable traits and person situation
interaction
? Not a single characteristic; multidimensional in
nature with many interacting elements
Personality?assessment?test
? A?personality? test?is? a? questionnaire? or? other?
standardized? instrument? designed? to? reveal?
aspects? of? an? individual's? character? or?
psychological? makeup.? The? first?personality?
tests?were? developed? in? the? 1920s? and? were?
intended? to? ease? the? process? of? personnel?
selection,?particularly?in?the?armed?forces.?
? the?combination?of?characteristics?or?qualities?
that?form?an?individual's?distinctive?character.
Measuring personality:
? Personality rating methods
? Personality inventories
? Situational tests
? Projective methods
Personality rating methods
? Rating is a term applied or judgment regarding
some situation, object or character. Opinion
are usually expresses on a scale of values.
Rating techniques are derive which such
judgements may be quantified.
Rating scales:
?is a selected list of words , phrases , sentences or para
following which an observer records value or rating based
upon objective scale of values
? A rating scale is an instrument i.e. A list of questions
that is set to enable the reviewer to indicate the, size
or intensity of the underlying characteristics of a
person.
? Description of the characteristics ?clarity-rate
? Items on each scale must b described in such a way-to
know what they mean
? Items should be described in terms of behaviour
? The description of the personality
characteristic must be clear and we defined
? The item on each scale end must be described
? It should be concrete behaviour
Types?of?rating?scale:?
- Graphic?scale?
- A?straight?line?is?drawn?and?divided?into?many?parts?.?
Each?part-number?of?adjectives?are?written.
- Evaluator?has?to?mark?any?of?these.
- Length?of?the?line-5?inches
- 3-5?adjectives?are?used
- Division?on?the?line?should?be?equidistant
- Graphic?Rating?Scale?is?a?type?of?performance?
appraisal?method.?In?this?method?traits?or?behaviours?
that?are?important?for?effective?performance?are?listed?
out?and?each?employee?is?rated?against?these?traits.?
The?rating?helps?employers?to?quantify?the?behaviours?
displayed?by?its?employees.
? Numerical scale:
Marks as associated with certain indicators.
Data that are counted or measured using a
numerically defined method are called
numerical (quantitative).
Three point, five point seven point scale
? Ranking?order:?Statistical?technique,?rank?are?mentioned?in?the?
descending?order.?
? A?Rank?Order?scale?gives?the?respondent?a?set?of?items?and?asks?
them?to?put?the?items?in?some?form?oforder.?The?measure?of?
'order'?can?include?such?as?preference,?importance,?liking,?
effectiveness?and?so?on.?The?order?is?often?a?simple?ordinal?
structure?(A?is?higher?than?B)
? Paired?comparison?scale???each?person?compared?with?other?in?the?
group?
? The?Paired?Comparison?Scaling?is?a?comparative?scaling?technique?
wherein?the?respondent?is?shown?two?objects?at?the?same?time?and?
is?asked?to?select?one?according?to?the?defined?criterion.?
Rank order
Paired comparision
Forced choice scale
Forced choiced scale
? Forced choice refers to a specific format for
response options in survey questionnaires. In
a forced choice format, respondents are not
given a specific option to reflect a
"nonresponse" type choice, such as "no
opinion," "don't know," "not sure," or "not
applicable." Respondents must select a
response choice that provides a specific
answer to the survey item.
Rating interview-
The interviewing process often includes the use
of rating scales that the interviewers (also called
?raters?) use to evaluate the quality of the
interview and lead to some kind of
recommendation of the candidate for the job in
question.
Assess personality characteristicsof a subject on
a standardised rating scale.
Discusses worker?s achievement
? Situational tests: real life conditioning are
simulate
? Candidate?s spontaneous reactions will be
recorded
? It is done in a group and based on them
? It include role play, case studies, group
discussion

Types of situational test:
Derived from latin word socius ?social; metrum-
measure by Jacob L Moreno
Sociometry : the study of relationships within a
group of people.
Assess the positive and negative links between
persons within a group.
Sociometry is a way of measuring relationships
between people. Sociometric tests can include
variety of procedures used within social groups to
measure social status, popularity, peer
acceptance or rejection and reputation
Sociometry
? Used to evaluate group structure
? Measure amount of organization shown by
social group-sociometric test
? Made in respect to work, home , school
groups
? Determines position of each individual in a
group in which he has to function
CONSTRUCTION OF A SOCIOGRAM
A E F G
H
D
B I J
c K M
D is a star ?chosen by most of the members
J and g are unpopular
D serves as a bridge
ABCD has all channel communication
? Diagrammatic representation of patterns
showing interpersonal relationship
? This indicates choices, preferences, likes,
dislikes,interaction between individual
members in a group
? Gives a visual picture of sociometric structure
of a group
Various kinds of interaction in Sociometry test
? Social networks- a specific set of linkages among
defined set of people cluster
? Prescribed clusters- formal group within network
? Emergent clusters ? cluster of people who
temporarily align together to attain certain
objective
? Cliques- relatively permanent informal group
involving friendship
? Liaisons - individual who connect two or more
cluster but are no members of any cluster
? Bridges : connection as a linking pins by
belonging to two or more clusters
Importance of sociometry:
? Help to measure and build relationship
? Provide rich data
? Helps in group development
? Enhance group and individual perceptive
Psychodrama
?A body of philosophical, therapeutic,
educational, action based techniques-J.L
Moreno
- Action techniques in which individuals use
enactment to explore material that is
identified specific and personal to them.
Psychodrama is an action method, often used as
a psychotherapy, in which clients use
spontaneous dramatization, role playing, and
dramatic self-presentation to investigate and
gain insight into their lives.
Elements:
Stage- concrete situation within which protagonist story
can be brought to life
? Protagonist- is a person whose story is being enacted or
told. .
? the leading character or one of the major characters in a
play, film, novel, etc.
Director ? professional therapist who leads action and
planning.
He takes decisions involving what material
Auxiliary ego-is the position taken by other participants in a
role-playing exercise, or psychodrama, in order to simulate
particular situations for the protagonists.
role they take and what experience they bring to it.
Audience
Socio drama:
Variant of psychodrama
? A sociodrama is a dramatic play in which
several individuals spontaneously enact social
situations to understand situations more fully.
? Assign roles for the purpose of studying and
remedying problems in group or collective
relationships.
Enact various solutions to social problems.
? After each sociodrama, they have to debrief
an enactment and note what was learned.
? Brainstorm, problem solving and closure
Difference between Socio and
Psychodrama
PSYCHODRAMA SOCIOMETRY
EXPLORE INNER WORLD OF THE PERSON SOCIAL WORLD
INTRAPERSONAL INTERPERSONAL
Advantage of situational test:
Reveals personality characteristics
Superior to rating methods
Convenient
Useful in selection
Disadvantages:
Time consuming
Expensive
Personality inventories
? Francis Galton in 19
th
centaury
? Designed to assess the stable and enduring
characteristics of a person that may affect job
performance and workplace behavior.
? Inventories are known as questionnaires or scale
? Respondents are given list of statements in
standard order with fixed set of response
? Responses-assigned ratings to yield numerical
scores options
Types of inventories
? Bell adjustment inventory:
? Assesses individuals adjustment in variety of
situations
? Consists of 160 items & 4 subscales: home,
health, social, emotional
? High scores-poor adjustment; low scores-
better adjustment
Bernreuter test
? Robert G bernreuter-personality traits
? 125 questions-6 scales-B1N,B2S,B3-I,B4-D,F1C,
& F2S(BIPOLAR)
Personality characteristics of industrial and
other organisations
California Personality inventory
? *Created by Harrison Dough in 1956
? Purpose-to measure and evaluate an individual?s
interpersonal behavior and social interaction
? 434-true-false questions;18 scales
1. Measure of poise, ascendancy, self assurance and
interpersonal adequacy
2. Measure of socialization ,responsibility, intrapersonal
values, and character
3. Measure of achievement potiential & intellectual
efficiency
4. Measure of intellectual modes and interest modes
Minnesota personality scale
? Has separate forms for men and women
? Rates following aspects of personality
1. Morale
2. Social adjustment
3. Family relations
4. Emotionability-degree of stability
5. Used for last 2yrs of high school, college and
sometimes adults
6. Five choices-agree, strongly agree, undecided,
disagree,strongly disagree
? Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory
? 550 items, item is printed on separate card
? Inventory-indicates personality traits of the
individual
? One has to respond to questions with answers
?yes, no ,doubtful in the box provided.
? Responses are evaluated
Cornell index
? Standardised questionnaire for males only
? 101 items fall into 2 categories
1. Those differentiating sharply between persons
with serious personality disorders
(Does worrying continually get you down)
2. Those concerned with bodily symptoms-trouble
with food digestion
Response should be ?yes or no?
Effective in showing presence of anxiety states,
migraine,peptic ulcers, convulsive disorders,
asthma
Myer?briggs?type?indicator
? Based?on?Carl?jung?s?theory?of?personality
? Useful?in?promoting?personal?growth,?self?awareness,?
leadership?skills,?team?building,?career?development,?and?
improved?interpersonal?skills.
? Yields?scores?on?4??bipolar?dimensions:
1. Introversion-extroversion
2. Sensing-intuition- Sensing?and? intuition?are?the?
information-gathering?(perceiving)?functions.
3. Thinking-feeling-are?the?decision-making?(judging)?
functions.?Based?on?the?data?received?from?their?
information-gathering?functions
Subjective Objective
Perception Intuition/Sensing
Judging Feeling/Thinking
? Introversion?(thinking?things?through)?more?than?Extraversion?
(interacting?with?people)
? Sensing?(perceiving?tangible?facts)?more?than?iNtuition?
(perceiving?new?possibilities)
? Feeling?(making?decisions?using?subjective?values)?more?than?
Thinking?(making?decisions?using?objective?logic)
? Judgement?(an?organised?lifestyle)?more?than?Perception?(a?
flexible?lifestyle)
ISTJ ISFJ INFJ INTJ
ISTP ISFP INFP INTP
ESTP ESFP ENFP ENTP
ESTJ ESFJ ENFJ ENTJ
Myers-Briggs Types
Projective?methods
? A? projective?test?is?a?personality?test?designed?to?
let?a?person?respond?to?ambiguous?stimuli,?
presumably?revealing?hidden?emotions?and?
internal?conflicts?projected?by?the?person?into?the?
test
? Assess?the?way?people?respond?and?interpret?
inkblote?and?pictures?in?which?motives?and?
feelings?are?not?clear.
? This?is?a?sign?of?projection?of?their?own?
uncontrollable?feelings,?emotion,?personality??
characteristics
Rorschach Ink blot test
? Herman Rorschach-1921.
? determines the emotional and impulsive tendencies.
? Possible mental disturbance , introversion and
intelligence can be deduced
? Gives total image of testee?s personality
? Test composed of 10 cards on which inkblots appear
? Five inkblots are of black ink, two are of black and red
ink and three are multicolored, on a white background.
? Tester shows cards to the testee one by one and tests
responds what each card portrays
? Tester notes verbal responses(silences , time taken to
respond , how he holds the card , non-verbal behavior)
In next stage-what characteristics of
inkblots led to his responses which are
then noted, categorized &evaluated
on factors such as:
1. Observation and movement testee
has discerned from cards
2. Contents ascribed to inkblots-What
the inkblots represent
3. Light and shadow observed by
testee
4. Texture of the shapes that have
been observed-hair, skin
5. Responses are analysed
quantitatively and qualitatively
Thematic appreciation test
? Murray and morgon
? Individual is confronted with a situation and required
to make a imaginary story and reveal his personality
? The complete version of the test contains 32 picture
cards. Some of the cards show male figures, some
female, some both male and female figures, some of
ambiguous gender, some adults, some children, and
some show no human figures at all.
? One card is completely blank and is used to elicit both
a scene and a story about the given scene from the
storyteller
? The subject is asked to tell as dramatic a story as they can for
each picture presented, including the following:
? what has led up to the event shown
? what is happening at the moment
? what the characters are feeling and thinking
? what the outcome of the story was
? May be administered individually or in a group
? Each of these scoring categories attempts to measure the
following information:
? ?Story Design measures an individual?s ability to identify and
formulate a problem situation.
?Story Orientation assesses an examinees level of personal
control, emotional distress, confidence and motivation.
?Story Solutions assesses how impulsive an examinee is. In
addition to evaluating the types of problem solutions that are
provided, the number of problem solutions that examinees
provide for each of the TAT cards is summed.
? Story Resolution provides information on the examinees
ability to formulate problem solutions that maximize both
short and long-term goals.
5 different aspects
? Hero-When there is a older and younger
women it is clear younger is hero
? Need of the hero : identify needs motives ,
desires of the hero
? Identifies the presses: Any environmental
factor that may interfere with her needs
? Scoring for themes: nature of interplay and
conflict between needs and presses-type
of emotions elicited by the conflict how it
is resolved
? Scoring for outcome-comparative
strengths emanating from the hero,
strengths of the environment, amount of
hardship, frustration experienced, degree
of success and failure, happy and unhappy
endings.
Children appreciation test
? 3-10 age group
? 10 cards-Depict animal characters
? Should focus on identification of 10 characters
? Main theme
? Main hero
? Main needs and drives of hero
? Conception of the environment
? How figures are seen
? Significant conflicts
? Nature of anxieties
? Main defence against conflict and fears
Picture projective tests
? General purpose instrument with improved
psychometric qualities
? Section of 30 pictures
? Had to show a promise of eliciting meaningful
projective material
? Most but not all had to include more than one
human character
? About half of the pictures had to depict
affective expression, active poses.
Word association tests
? List of words is presented to a
subject who is asked to respond
with the first word or idea that
comes to his mind
? Many of the words appear to be
emotionally neutral
? Special interest are words that
tend to elicit personalized
reactions
? Amount of time taken before
beginning each response and the
response itself
Drawing tests
? Relevant for children as his thoughts and
feelings float into his drawings unwillingly
? Draw a person test-certain graphic
expressionsnwithin drawings reflect
personality characteristics.
? Asked to construct a person of the opposite
gender drawn
Verbal tests
? Story telling
? Sentence completion test: A person who
does not use lakes is being thoughtful of
? the ecosystem
? Projective questionnaire: situations totally
correlated to the job or organization are
given
? Painting tests:
? Great way of expressing negative emotions
re-ordering and re-evaluating the way we
express ourselves
? Helpful for children to talk about personal
problems
TYPING TEST
? Passage
? Scores-number of words typed per minute and number
of errors made
? Typing speed and accuracy
? Techniques of typing
? Touch typing: hands are placed over the keyboard in a
specific formation. position of the key is memorized
? Hunt and peck type:
? Buffer method: looks at the source copy, mentally
stores one or several sentences and then looks at the
keyboard and types.
Shorthand test
? Process of writing in shorthand-stenography
Need
1) To deliver long phone messages
2) Environments where audiorecorders are forbidden-track of
information.
3) Health professionals may use shorthand notes in medical
charts
Computer proficiency test:
Measure of knowledge and competency
Components:
Word processing;
Email
Internet skills
Spreadsheets
Database
Interviewing
Interviews may be defined as face to face
communication method for knowing some
information about the potential job candidates.
It is a process of collecting some information
whether the candidates like the job or not.
Under these processes, job seekers invited to
appear at the interview board with their
relevant academic and other qualification
records
Feature:
? Pre arranged and planned process
? Two way communication
? Purposefully designed
? Conversation
Objectives:
Judgement of application
Information about the application
Developing confidence

Types of Interviews
? Preliminary interview -
Informal interview
Unstructured interview
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
? The?general?intelligence,? g,?influences?the?
performance?on?all?mental?tasks,?while?another?
component?influences?abilities?on?a?particular?
task.
[7]
? Raven's Progressive Matrices?(often?referred?to?simply?as?Raven's
Matrices)?or?RPM?is?a?nonverbal?group?test?typically?used?in?
educational?settings.
? ?It?is?usually?a?60-item?test?used?in?measuring?abstract?reasoning?and?
regarded?as?a?non-verbal?estimate?of?fluid?intelligence.
[
? 1]
?It?is?the?most?common?and?popular?test?administered?to?groups?
ranging?from?5-year-olds?to?the?elderly.
[2]
? ?It?is?made?of?60?multiple?choice?questions,?listed?in?order?of?
difficulty.
[2
? ]
?This?format?is?designed?to?measure?the?test?taker's?reasoning?ability,?
the?eductive?("meaning-making")?component?of?Spearman's? g?( g?is?
often?referred?to?as?general?intelligence).?
? The?tests?were?originally?developed?by?John?C.?Raven?in?1936.
[3]
?In?
each?test?item,?the?subject?is?asked?to?identify?the?missing?element?
that?completes?a?pattern.
? ?Many?patterns?are?presented?in?the?form?of?a?6?6,?4?4,?3?3,?or?
2?2?matrix,?giving?the?test?its?name.
? All of the questions on the Raven's progressives
consist of visual geometric design with a missing
piece. The test taker is given six to eight choices to
pick from and fill in the missing piece.
[4]
? An IQ test item in the style of a Raven's
Progressive Matrices test. Given eight patterns,
the subject must identify the missing ninth
pattern
The Matrices are available in three different forms
for participants of different ability:
? Standard Progressive Matrices-This was
developed to assess a person?s intellectual ability
at the time of testing him with design or patterns.
? Person has to find relation between designs and
perform task. The booklet comprises five sets (A
to E) of 12 items each (e.g., A1 through A12),
? A and B-6 piece designs
? B & c-8 pieces of design. All items are presented
in black ink on a white background
? Coloured Progressive Matrices-Designed for
children aged 5 through 11 years-of-age, the
elderly, and mentally and physically impaired
individual participants.
? Tests the intellectual capacity of young
children and people.
? Coloured progressive matrixes-assess a
persons capacity of level of observation and
clear thinking
? This is a language free test
? The scale has two sets A and b and ab set
Advanced Progressive Matrices
? ?Persons?who?are?above?11?years?and?those?
who?are?above?average?in?mental?ability.
? Time?limit
? The?first?set?has?12?problems,2
nd
?set?contains?
48?items,?presented?as?one?set?of?12?(set?I),?
and?another?of?36?(set?II).?
Difference between individual test and
group test
Basic difference Individual test Group test
Sample size Small sample Ultra large samples
Format Open ended Multi choice
Examiner's role Significant role, Minimal role
Time factors More time consuming Less time consuming
Physical & personality test
? Physical abilities use tasks or abilities that
require physical ability to perform
? Measure physical attributes and characteristics
? Personality Assessment test:
? Personality means how people affect othersand
how they understand and view themselves as
well as their pattern of inner and outer
measurable traits and person situation
interaction
? Not a single characteristic; multidimensional in
nature with many interacting elements
Personality?assessment?test
? A?personality? test?is? a? questionnaire? or? other?
standardized? instrument? designed? to? reveal?
aspects? of? an? individual's? character? or?
psychological? makeup.? The? first?personality?
tests?were? developed? in? the? 1920s? and? were?
intended? to? ease? the? process? of? personnel?
selection,?particularly?in?the?armed?forces.?
? the?combination?of?characteristics?or?qualities?
that?form?an?individual's?distinctive?character.
Measuring personality:
? Personality rating methods
? Personality inventories
? Situational tests
? Projective methods
Personality rating methods
? Rating is a term applied or judgment regarding
some situation, object or character. Opinion
are usually expresses on a scale of values.
Rating techniques are derive which such
judgements may be quantified.
Rating scales:
?is a selected list of words , phrases , sentences or para
following which an observer records value or rating based
upon objective scale of values
? A rating scale is an instrument i.e. A list of questions
that is set to enable the reviewer to indicate the, size
or intensity of the underlying characteristics of a
person.
? Description of the characteristics ?clarity-rate
? Items on each scale must b described in such a way-to
know what they mean
? Items should be described in terms of behaviour
? The description of the personality
characteristic must be clear and we defined
? The item on each scale end must be described
? It should be concrete behaviour
Types?of?rating?scale:?
- Graphic?scale?
- A?straight?line?is?drawn?and?divided?into?many?parts?.?
Each?part-number?of?adjectives?are?written.
- Evaluator?has?to?mark?any?of?these.
- Length?of?the?line-5?inches
- 3-5?adjectives?are?used
- Division?on?the?line?should?be?equidistant
- Graphic?Rating?Scale?is?a?type?of?performance?
appraisal?method.?In?this?method?traits?or?behaviours?
that?are?important?for?effective?performance?are?listed?
out?and?each?employee?is?rated?against?these?traits.?
The?rating?helps?employers?to?quantify?the?behaviours?
displayed?by?its?employees.
? Numerical scale:
Marks as associated with certain indicators.
Data that are counted or measured using a
numerically defined method are called
numerical (quantitative).
Three point, five point seven point scale
? Ranking?order:?Statistical?technique,?rank?are?mentioned?in?the?
descending?order.?
? A?Rank?Order?scale?gives?the?respondent?a?set?of?items?and?asks?
them?to?put?the?items?in?some?form?oforder.?The?measure?of?
'order'?can?include?such?as?preference,?importance,?liking,?
effectiveness?and?so?on.?The?order?is?often?a?simple?ordinal?
structure?(A?is?higher?than?B)
? Paired?comparison?scale???each?person?compared?with?other?in?the?
group?
? The?Paired?Comparison?Scaling?is?a?comparative?scaling?technique?
wherein?the?respondent?is?shown?two?objects?at?the?same?time?and?
is?asked?to?select?one?according?to?the?defined?criterion.?
Rank order
Paired comparision
Forced choice scale
Forced choiced scale
? Forced choice refers to a specific format for
response options in survey questionnaires. In
a forced choice format, respondents are not
given a specific option to reflect a
"nonresponse" type choice, such as "no
opinion," "don't know," "not sure," or "not
applicable." Respondents must select a
response choice that provides a specific
answer to the survey item.
Rating interview-
The interviewing process often includes the use
of rating scales that the interviewers (also called
?raters?) use to evaluate the quality of the
interview and lead to some kind of
recommendation of the candidate for the job in
question.
Assess personality characteristicsof a subject on
a standardised rating scale.
Discusses worker?s achievement
? Situational tests: real life conditioning are
simulate
? Candidate?s spontaneous reactions will be
recorded
? It is done in a group and based on them
? It include role play, case studies, group
discussion

Types of situational test:
Derived from latin word socius ?social; metrum-
measure by Jacob L Moreno
Sociometry : the study of relationships within a
group of people.
Assess the positive and negative links between
persons within a group.
Sociometry is a way of measuring relationships
between people. Sociometric tests can include
variety of procedures used within social groups to
measure social status, popularity, peer
acceptance or rejection and reputation
Sociometry
? Used to evaluate group structure
? Measure amount of organization shown by
social group-sociometric test
? Made in respect to work, home , school
groups
? Determines position of each individual in a
group in which he has to function
CONSTRUCTION OF A SOCIOGRAM
A E F G
H
D
B I J
c K M
D is a star ?chosen by most of the members
J and g are unpopular
D serves as a bridge
ABCD has all channel communication
? Diagrammatic representation of patterns
showing interpersonal relationship
? This indicates choices, preferences, likes,
dislikes,interaction between individual
members in a group
? Gives a visual picture of sociometric structure
of a group
Various kinds of interaction in Sociometry test
? Social networks- a specific set of linkages among
defined set of people cluster
? Prescribed clusters- formal group within network
? Emergent clusters ? cluster of people who
temporarily align together to attain certain
objective
? Cliques- relatively permanent informal group
involving friendship
? Liaisons - individual who connect two or more
cluster but are no members of any cluster
? Bridges : connection as a linking pins by
belonging to two or more clusters
Importance of sociometry:
? Help to measure and build relationship
? Provide rich data
? Helps in group development
? Enhance group and individual perceptive
Psychodrama
?A body of philosophical, therapeutic,
educational, action based techniques-J.L
Moreno
- Action techniques in which individuals use
enactment to explore material that is
identified specific and personal to them.
Psychodrama is an action method, often used as
a psychotherapy, in which clients use
spontaneous dramatization, role playing, and
dramatic self-presentation to investigate and
gain insight into their lives.
Elements:
Stage- concrete situation within which protagonist story
can be brought to life
? Protagonist- is a person whose story is being enacted or
told. .
? the leading character or one of the major characters in a
play, film, novel, etc.
Director ? professional therapist who leads action and
planning.
He takes decisions involving what material
Auxiliary ego-is the position taken by other participants in a
role-playing exercise, or psychodrama, in order to simulate
particular situations for the protagonists.
role they take and what experience they bring to it.
Audience
Socio drama:
Variant of psychodrama
? A sociodrama is a dramatic play in which
several individuals spontaneously enact social
situations to understand situations more fully.
? Assign roles for the purpose of studying and
remedying problems in group or collective
relationships.
Enact various solutions to social problems.
? After each sociodrama, they have to debrief
an enactment and note what was learned.
? Brainstorm, problem solving and closure
Difference between Socio and
Psychodrama
PSYCHODRAMA SOCIOMETRY
EXPLORE INNER WORLD OF THE PERSON SOCIAL WORLD
INTRAPERSONAL INTERPERSONAL
Advantage of situational test:
Reveals personality characteristics
Superior to rating methods
Convenient
Useful in selection
Disadvantages:
Time consuming
Expensive
Personality inventories
? Francis Galton in 19
th
centaury
? Designed to assess the stable and enduring
characteristics of a person that may affect job
performance and workplace behavior.
? Inventories are known as questionnaires or scale
? Respondents are given list of statements in
standard order with fixed set of response
? Responses-assigned ratings to yield numerical
scores options
Types of inventories
? Bell adjustment inventory:
? Assesses individuals adjustment in variety of
situations
? Consists of 160 items & 4 subscales: home,
health, social, emotional
? High scores-poor adjustment; low scores-
better adjustment
Bernreuter test
? Robert G bernreuter-personality traits
? 125 questions-6 scales-B1N,B2S,B3-I,B4-D,F1C,
& F2S(BIPOLAR)
Personality characteristics of industrial and
other organisations
California Personality inventory
? *Created by Harrison Dough in 1956
? Purpose-to measure and evaluate an individual?s
interpersonal behavior and social interaction
? 434-true-false questions;18 scales
1. Measure of poise, ascendancy, self assurance and
interpersonal adequacy
2. Measure of socialization ,responsibility, intrapersonal
values, and character
3. Measure of achievement potiential & intellectual
efficiency
4. Measure of intellectual modes and interest modes
Minnesota personality scale
? Has separate forms for men and women
? Rates following aspects of personality
1. Morale
2. Social adjustment
3. Family relations
4. Emotionability-degree of stability
5. Used for last 2yrs of high school, college and
sometimes adults
6. Five choices-agree, strongly agree, undecided,
disagree,strongly disagree
? Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory
? 550 items, item is printed on separate card
? Inventory-indicates personality traits of the
individual
? One has to respond to questions with answers
?yes, no ,doubtful in the box provided.
? Responses are evaluated
Cornell index
? Standardised questionnaire for males only
? 101 items fall into 2 categories
1. Those differentiating sharply between persons
with serious personality disorders
(Does worrying continually get you down)
2. Those concerned with bodily symptoms-trouble
with food digestion
Response should be ?yes or no?
Effective in showing presence of anxiety states,
migraine,peptic ulcers, convulsive disorders,
asthma
Myer?briggs?type?indicator
? Based?on?Carl?jung?s?theory?of?personality
? Useful?in?promoting?personal?growth,?self?awareness,?
leadership?skills,?team?building,?career?development,?and?
improved?interpersonal?skills.
? Yields?scores?on?4??bipolar?dimensions:
1. Introversion-extroversion
2. Sensing-intuition- Sensing?and? intuition?are?the?
information-gathering?(perceiving)?functions.
3. Thinking-feeling-are?the?decision-making?(judging)?
functions.?Based?on?the?data?received?from?their?
information-gathering?functions
Subjective Objective
Perception Intuition/Sensing
Judging Feeling/Thinking
? Introversion?(thinking?things?through)?more?than?Extraversion?
(interacting?with?people)
? Sensing?(perceiving?tangible?facts)?more?than?iNtuition?
(perceiving?new?possibilities)
? Feeling?(making?decisions?using?subjective?values)?more?than?
Thinking?(making?decisions?using?objective?logic)
? Judgement?(an?organised?lifestyle)?more?than?Perception?(a?
flexible?lifestyle)
ISTJ ISFJ INFJ INTJ
ISTP ISFP INFP INTP
ESTP ESFP ENFP ENTP
ESTJ ESFJ ENFJ ENTJ
Myers-Briggs Types
Projective?methods
? A? projective?test?is?a?personality?test?designed?to?
let?a?person?respond?to?ambiguous?stimuli,?
presumably?revealing?hidden?emotions?and?
internal?conflicts?projected?by?the?person?into?the?
test
? Assess?the?way?people?respond?and?interpret?
inkblote?and?pictures?in?which?motives?and?
feelings?are?not?clear.
? This?is?a?sign?of?projection?of?their?own?
uncontrollable?feelings,?emotion,?personality??
characteristics
Rorschach Ink blot test
? Herman Rorschach-1921.
? determines the emotional and impulsive tendencies.
? Possible mental disturbance , introversion and
intelligence can be deduced
? Gives total image of testee?s personality
? Test composed of 10 cards on which inkblots appear
? Five inkblots are of black ink, two are of black and red
ink and three are multicolored, on a white background.
? Tester shows cards to the testee one by one and tests
responds what each card portrays
? Tester notes verbal responses(silences , time taken to
respond , how he holds the card , non-verbal behavior)
In next stage-what characteristics of
inkblots led to his responses which are
then noted, categorized &evaluated
on factors such as:
1. Observation and movement testee
has discerned from cards
2. Contents ascribed to inkblots-What
the inkblots represent
3. Light and shadow observed by
testee
4. Texture of the shapes that have
been observed-hair, skin
5. Responses are analysed
quantitatively and qualitatively
Thematic appreciation test
? Murray and morgon
? Individual is confronted with a situation and required
to make a imaginary story and reveal his personality
? The complete version of the test contains 32 picture
cards. Some of the cards show male figures, some
female, some both male and female figures, some of
ambiguous gender, some adults, some children, and
some show no human figures at all.
? One card is completely blank and is used to elicit both
a scene and a story about the given scene from the
storyteller
? The subject is asked to tell as dramatic a story as they can for
each picture presented, including the following:
? what has led up to the event shown
? what is happening at the moment
? what the characters are feeling and thinking
? what the outcome of the story was
? May be administered individually or in a group
? Each of these scoring categories attempts to measure the
following information:
? ?Story Design measures an individual?s ability to identify and
formulate a problem situation.
?Story Orientation assesses an examinees level of personal
control, emotional distress, confidence and motivation.
?Story Solutions assesses how impulsive an examinee is. In
addition to evaluating the types of problem solutions that are
provided, the number of problem solutions that examinees
provide for each of the TAT cards is summed.
? Story Resolution provides information on the examinees
ability to formulate problem solutions that maximize both
short and long-term goals.
5 different aspects
? Hero-When there is a older and younger
women it is clear younger is hero
? Need of the hero : identify needs motives ,
desires of the hero
? Identifies the presses: Any environmental
factor that may interfere with her needs
? Scoring for themes: nature of interplay and
conflict between needs and presses-type
of emotions elicited by the conflict how it
is resolved
? Scoring for outcome-comparative
strengths emanating from the hero,
strengths of the environment, amount of
hardship, frustration experienced, degree
of success and failure, happy and unhappy
endings.
Children appreciation test
? 3-10 age group
? 10 cards-Depict animal characters
? Should focus on identification of 10 characters
? Main theme
? Main hero
? Main needs and drives of hero
? Conception of the environment
? How figures are seen
? Significant conflicts
? Nature of anxieties
? Main defence against conflict and fears
Picture projective tests
? General purpose instrument with improved
psychometric qualities
? Section of 30 pictures
? Had to show a promise of eliciting meaningful
projective material
? Most but not all had to include more than one
human character
? About half of the pictures had to depict
affective expression, active poses.
Word association tests
? List of words is presented to a
subject who is asked to respond
with the first word or idea that
comes to his mind
? Many of the words appear to be
emotionally neutral
? Special interest are words that
tend to elicit personalized
reactions
? Amount of time taken before
beginning each response and the
response itself
Drawing tests
? Relevant for children as his thoughts and
feelings float into his drawings unwillingly
? Draw a person test-certain graphic
expressionsnwithin drawings reflect
personality characteristics.
? Asked to construct a person of the opposite
gender drawn
Verbal tests
? Story telling
? Sentence completion test: A person who
does not use lakes is being thoughtful of
? the ecosystem
? Projective questionnaire: situations totally
correlated to the job or organization are
given
? Painting tests:
? Great way of expressing negative emotions
re-ordering and re-evaluating the way we
express ourselves
? Helpful for children to talk about personal
problems
TYPING TEST
? Passage
? Scores-number of words typed per minute and number
of errors made
? Typing speed and accuracy
? Techniques of typing
? Touch typing: hands are placed over the keyboard in a
specific formation. position of the key is memorized
? Hunt and peck type:
? Buffer method: looks at the source copy, mentally
stores one or several sentences and then looks at the
keyboard and types.
Shorthand test
? Process of writing in shorthand-stenography
Need
1) To deliver long phone messages
2) Environments where audiorecorders are forbidden-track of
information.
3) Health professionals may use shorthand notes in medical
charts
Computer proficiency test:
Measure of knowledge and competency
Components:
Word processing;
Email
Internet skills
Spreadsheets
Database
Interviewing
Interviews may be defined as face to face
communication method for knowing some
information about the potential job candidates.
It is a process of collecting some information
whether the candidates like the job or not.
Under these processes, job seekers invited to
appear at the interview board with their
relevant academic and other qualification
records
Feature:
? Pre arranged and planned process
? Two way communication
? Purposefully designed
? Conversation
Objectives:
Judgement of application
Information about the application
Developing confidence

Types of Interviews
? Preliminary interview -
Informal interview
Unstructured interview
? Core interview
Back ground information interview
Stress interview
Formal and structured interview
Panel interview
Group interview
Job and probing interview
Depth interview
? Decision making interview
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
? The?general?intelligence,? g,?influences?the?
performance?on?all?mental?tasks,?while?another?
component?influences?abilities?on?a?particular?
task.
[7]
? Raven's Progressive Matrices?(often?referred?to?simply?as?Raven's
Matrices)?or?RPM?is?a?nonverbal?group?test?typically?used?in?
educational?settings.
? ?It?is?usually?a?60-item?test?used?in?measuring?abstract?reasoning?and?
regarded?as?a?non-verbal?estimate?of?fluid?intelligence.
[
? 1]
?It?is?the?most?common?and?popular?test?administered?to?groups?
ranging?from?5-year-olds?to?the?elderly.
[2]
? ?It?is?made?of?60?multiple?choice?questions,?listed?in?order?of?
difficulty.
[2
? ]
?This?format?is?designed?to?measure?the?test?taker's?reasoning?ability,?
the?eductive?("meaning-making")?component?of?Spearman's? g?( g?is?
often?referred?to?as?general?intelligence).?
? The?tests?were?originally?developed?by?John?C.?Raven?in?1936.
[3]
?In?
each?test?item,?the?subject?is?asked?to?identify?the?missing?element?
that?completes?a?pattern.
? ?Many?patterns?are?presented?in?the?form?of?a?6?6,?4?4,?3?3,?or?
2?2?matrix,?giving?the?test?its?name.
? All of the questions on the Raven's progressives
consist of visual geometric design with a missing
piece. The test taker is given six to eight choices to
pick from and fill in the missing piece.
[4]
? An IQ test item in the style of a Raven's
Progressive Matrices test. Given eight patterns,
the subject must identify the missing ninth
pattern
The Matrices are available in three different forms
for participants of different ability:
? Standard Progressive Matrices-This was
developed to assess a person?s intellectual ability
at the time of testing him with design or patterns.
? Person has to find relation between designs and
perform task. The booklet comprises five sets (A
to E) of 12 items each (e.g., A1 through A12),
? A and B-6 piece designs
? B & c-8 pieces of design. All items are presented
in black ink on a white background
? Coloured Progressive Matrices-Designed for
children aged 5 through 11 years-of-age, the
elderly, and mentally and physically impaired
individual participants.
? Tests the intellectual capacity of young
children and people.
? Coloured progressive matrixes-assess a
persons capacity of level of observation and
clear thinking
? This is a language free test
? The scale has two sets A and b and ab set
Advanced Progressive Matrices
? ?Persons?who?are?above?11?years?and?those?
who?are?above?average?in?mental?ability.
? Time?limit
? The?first?set?has?12?problems,2
nd
?set?contains?
48?items,?presented?as?one?set?of?12?(set?I),?
and?another?of?36?(set?II).?
Difference between individual test and
group test
Basic difference Individual test Group test
Sample size Small sample Ultra large samples
Format Open ended Multi choice
Examiner's role Significant role, Minimal role
Time factors More time consuming Less time consuming
Physical & personality test
? Physical abilities use tasks or abilities that
require physical ability to perform
? Measure physical attributes and characteristics
? Personality Assessment test:
? Personality means how people affect othersand
how they understand and view themselves as
well as their pattern of inner and outer
measurable traits and person situation
interaction
? Not a single characteristic; multidimensional in
nature with many interacting elements
Personality?assessment?test
? A?personality? test?is? a? questionnaire? or? other?
standardized? instrument? designed? to? reveal?
aspects? of? an? individual's? character? or?
psychological? makeup.? The? first?personality?
tests?were? developed? in? the? 1920s? and? were?
intended? to? ease? the? process? of? personnel?
selection,?particularly?in?the?armed?forces.?
? the?combination?of?characteristics?or?qualities?
that?form?an?individual's?distinctive?character.
Measuring personality:
? Personality rating methods
? Personality inventories
? Situational tests
? Projective methods
Personality rating methods
? Rating is a term applied or judgment regarding
some situation, object or character. Opinion
are usually expresses on a scale of values.
Rating techniques are derive which such
judgements may be quantified.
Rating scales:
?is a selected list of words , phrases , sentences or para
following which an observer records value or rating based
upon objective scale of values
? A rating scale is an instrument i.e. A list of questions
that is set to enable the reviewer to indicate the, size
or intensity of the underlying characteristics of a
person.
? Description of the characteristics ?clarity-rate
? Items on each scale must b described in such a way-to
know what they mean
? Items should be described in terms of behaviour
? The description of the personality
characteristic must be clear and we defined
? The item on each scale end must be described
? It should be concrete behaviour
Types?of?rating?scale:?
- Graphic?scale?
- A?straight?line?is?drawn?and?divided?into?many?parts?.?
Each?part-number?of?adjectives?are?written.
- Evaluator?has?to?mark?any?of?these.
- Length?of?the?line-5?inches
- 3-5?adjectives?are?used
- Division?on?the?line?should?be?equidistant
- Graphic?Rating?Scale?is?a?type?of?performance?
appraisal?method.?In?this?method?traits?or?behaviours?
that?are?important?for?effective?performance?are?listed?
out?and?each?employee?is?rated?against?these?traits.?
The?rating?helps?employers?to?quantify?the?behaviours?
displayed?by?its?employees.
? Numerical scale:
Marks as associated with certain indicators.
Data that are counted or measured using a
numerically defined method are called
numerical (quantitative).
Three point, five point seven point scale
? Ranking?order:?Statistical?technique,?rank?are?mentioned?in?the?
descending?order.?
? A?Rank?Order?scale?gives?the?respondent?a?set?of?items?and?asks?
them?to?put?the?items?in?some?form?oforder.?The?measure?of?
'order'?can?include?such?as?preference,?importance,?liking,?
effectiveness?and?so?on.?The?order?is?often?a?simple?ordinal?
structure?(A?is?higher?than?B)
? Paired?comparison?scale???each?person?compared?with?other?in?the?
group?
? The?Paired?Comparison?Scaling?is?a?comparative?scaling?technique?
wherein?the?respondent?is?shown?two?objects?at?the?same?time?and?
is?asked?to?select?one?according?to?the?defined?criterion.?
Rank order
Paired comparision
Forced choice scale
Forced choiced scale
? Forced choice refers to a specific format for
response options in survey questionnaires. In
a forced choice format, respondents are not
given a specific option to reflect a
"nonresponse" type choice, such as "no
opinion," "don't know," "not sure," or "not
applicable." Respondents must select a
response choice that provides a specific
answer to the survey item.
Rating interview-
The interviewing process often includes the use
of rating scales that the interviewers (also called
?raters?) use to evaluate the quality of the
interview and lead to some kind of
recommendation of the candidate for the job in
question.
Assess personality characteristicsof a subject on
a standardised rating scale.
Discusses worker?s achievement
? Situational tests: real life conditioning are
simulate
? Candidate?s spontaneous reactions will be
recorded
? It is done in a group and based on them
? It include role play, case studies, group
discussion

Types of situational test:
Derived from latin word socius ?social; metrum-
measure by Jacob L Moreno
Sociometry : the study of relationships within a
group of people.
Assess the positive and negative links between
persons within a group.
Sociometry is a way of measuring relationships
between people. Sociometric tests can include
variety of procedures used within social groups to
measure social status, popularity, peer
acceptance or rejection and reputation
Sociometry
? Used to evaluate group structure
? Measure amount of organization shown by
social group-sociometric test
? Made in respect to work, home , school
groups
? Determines position of each individual in a
group in which he has to function
CONSTRUCTION OF A SOCIOGRAM
A E F G
H
D
B I J
c K M
D is a star ?chosen by most of the members
J and g are unpopular
D serves as a bridge
ABCD has all channel communication
? Diagrammatic representation of patterns
showing interpersonal relationship
? This indicates choices, preferences, likes,
dislikes,interaction between individual
members in a group
? Gives a visual picture of sociometric structure
of a group
Various kinds of interaction in Sociometry test
? Social networks- a specific set of linkages among
defined set of people cluster
? Prescribed clusters- formal group within network
? Emergent clusters ? cluster of people who
temporarily align together to attain certain
objective
? Cliques- relatively permanent informal group
involving friendship
? Liaisons - individual who connect two or more
cluster but are no members of any cluster
? Bridges : connection as a linking pins by
belonging to two or more clusters
Importance of sociometry:
? Help to measure and build relationship
? Provide rich data
? Helps in group development
? Enhance group and individual perceptive
Psychodrama
?A body of philosophical, therapeutic,
educational, action based techniques-J.L
Moreno
- Action techniques in which individuals use
enactment to explore material that is
identified specific and personal to them.
Psychodrama is an action method, often used as
a psychotherapy, in which clients use
spontaneous dramatization, role playing, and
dramatic self-presentation to investigate and
gain insight into their lives.
Elements:
Stage- concrete situation within which protagonist story
can be brought to life
? Protagonist- is a person whose story is being enacted or
told. .
? the leading character or one of the major characters in a
play, film, novel, etc.
Director ? professional therapist who leads action and
planning.
He takes decisions involving what material
Auxiliary ego-is the position taken by other participants in a
role-playing exercise, or psychodrama, in order to simulate
particular situations for the protagonists.
role they take and what experience they bring to it.
Audience
Socio drama:
Variant of psychodrama
? A sociodrama is a dramatic play in which
several individuals spontaneously enact social
situations to understand situations more fully.
? Assign roles for the purpose of studying and
remedying problems in group or collective
relationships.
Enact various solutions to social problems.
? After each sociodrama, they have to debrief
an enactment and note what was learned.
? Brainstorm, problem solving and closure
Difference between Socio and
Psychodrama
PSYCHODRAMA SOCIOMETRY
EXPLORE INNER WORLD OF THE PERSON SOCIAL WORLD
INTRAPERSONAL INTERPERSONAL
Advantage of situational test:
Reveals personality characteristics
Superior to rating methods
Convenient
Useful in selection
Disadvantages:
Time consuming
Expensive
Personality inventories
? Francis Galton in 19
th
centaury
? Designed to assess the stable and enduring
characteristics of a person that may affect job
performance and workplace behavior.
? Inventories are known as questionnaires or scale
? Respondents are given list of statements in
standard order with fixed set of response
? Responses-assigned ratings to yield numerical
scores options
Types of inventories
? Bell adjustment inventory:
? Assesses individuals adjustment in variety of
situations
? Consists of 160 items & 4 subscales: home,
health, social, emotional
? High scores-poor adjustment; low scores-
better adjustment
Bernreuter test
? Robert G bernreuter-personality traits
? 125 questions-6 scales-B1N,B2S,B3-I,B4-D,F1C,
& F2S(BIPOLAR)
Personality characteristics of industrial and
other organisations
California Personality inventory
? *Created by Harrison Dough in 1956
? Purpose-to measure and evaluate an individual?s
interpersonal behavior and social interaction
? 434-true-false questions;18 scales
1. Measure of poise, ascendancy, self assurance and
interpersonal adequacy
2. Measure of socialization ,responsibility, intrapersonal
values, and character
3. Measure of achievement potiential & intellectual
efficiency
4. Measure of intellectual modes and interest modes
Minnesota personality scale
? Has separate forms for men and women
? Rates following aspects of personality
1. Morale
2. Social adjustment
3. Family relations
4. Emotionability-degree of stability
5. Used for last 2yrs of high school, college and
sometimes adults
6. Five choices-agree, strongly agree, undecided,
disagree,strongly disagree
? Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory
? 550 items, item is printed on separate card
? Inventory-indicates personality traits of the
individual
? One has to respond to questions with answers
?yes, no ,doubtful in the box provided.
? Responses are evaluated
Cornell index
? Standardised questionnaire for males only
? 101 items fall into 2 categories
1. Those differentiating sharply between persons
with serious personality disorders
(Does worrying continually get you down)
2. Those concerned with bodily symptoms-trouble
with food digestion
Response should be ?yes or no?
Effective in showing presence of anxiety states,
migraine,peptic ulcers, convulsive disorders,
asthma
Myer?briggs?type?indicator
? Based?on?Carl?jung?s?theory?of?personality
? Useful?in?promoting?personal?growth,?self?awareness,?
leadership?skills,?team?building,?career?development,?and?
improved?interpersonal?skills.
? Yields?scores?on?4??bipolar?dimensions:
1. Introversion-extroversion
2. Sensing-intuition- Sensing?and? intuition?are?the?
information-gathering?(perceiving)?functions.
3. Thinking-feeling-are?the?decision-making?(judging)?
functions.?Based?on?the?data?received?from?their?
information-gathering?functions
Subjective Objective
Perception Intuition/Sensing
Judging Feeling/Thinking
? Introversion?(thinking?things?through)?more?than?Extraversion?
(interacting?with?people)
? Sensing?(perceiving?tangible?facts)?more?than?iNtuition?
(perceiving?new?possibilities)
? Feeling?(making?decisions?using?subjective?values)?more?than?
Thinking?(making?decisions?using?objective?logic)
? Judgement?(an?organised?lifestyle)?more?than?Perception?(a?
flexible?lifestyle)
ISTJ ISFJ INFJ INTJ
ISTP ISFP INFP INTP
ESTP ESFP ENFP ENTP
ESTJ ESFJ ENFJ ENTJ
Myers-Briggs Types
Projective?methods
? A? projective?test?is?a?personality?test?designed?to?
let?a?person?respond?to?ambiguous?stimuli,?
presumably?revealing?hidden?emotions?and?
internal?conflicts?projected?by?the?person?into?the?
test
? Assess?the?way?people?respond?and?interpret?
inkblote?and?pictures?in?which?motives?and?
feelings?are?not?clear.
? This?is?a?sign?of?projection?of?their?own?
uncontrollable?feelings,?emotion,?personality??
characteristics
Rorschach Ink blot test
? Herman Rorschach-1921.
? determines the emotional and impulsive tendencies.
? Possible mental disturbance , introversion and
intelligence can be deduced
? Gives total image of testee?s personality
? Test composed of 10 cards on which inkblots appear
? Five inkblots are of black ink, two are of black and red
ink and three are multicolored, on a white background.
? Tester shows cards to the testee one by one and tests
responds what each card portrays
? Tester notes verbal responses(silences , time taken to
respond , how he holds the card , non-verbal behavior)
In next stage-what characteristics of
inkblots led to his responses which are
then noted, categorized &evaluated
on factors such as:
1. Observation and movement testee
has discerned from cards
2. Contents ascribed to inkblots-What
the inkblots represent
3. Light and shadow observed by
testee
4. Texture of the shapes that have
been observed-hair, skin
5. Responses are analysed
quantitatively and qualitatively
Thematic appreciation test
? Murray and morgon
? Individual is confronted with a situation and required
to make a imaginary story and reveal his personality
? The complete version of the test contains 32 picture
cards. Some of the cards show male figures, some
female, some both male and female figures, some of
ambiguous gender, some adults, some children, and
some show no human figures at all.
? One card is completely blank and is used to elicit both
a scene and a story about the given scene from the
storyteller
? The subject is asked to tell as dramatic a story as they can for
each picture presented, including the following:
? what has led up to the event shown
? what is happening at the moment
? what the characters are feeling and thinking
? what the outcome of the story was
? May be administered individually or in a group
? Each of these scoring categories attempts to measure the
following information:
? ?Story Design measures an individual?s ability to identify and
formulate a problem situation.
?Story Orientation assesses an examinees level of personal
control, emotional distress, confidence and motivation.
?Story Solutions assesses how impulsive an examinee is. In
addition to evaluating the types of problem solutions that are
provided, the number of problem solutions that examinees
provide for each of the TAT cards is summed.
? Story Resolution provides information on the examinees
ability to formulate problem solutions that maximize both
short and long-term goals.
5 different aspects
? Hero-When there is a older and younger
women it is clear younger is hero
? Need of the hero : identify needs motives ,
desires of the hero
? Identifies the presses: Any environmental
factor that may interfere with her needs
? Scoring for themes: nature of interplay and
conflict between needs and presses-type
of emotions elicited by the conflict how it
is resolved
? Scoring for outcome-comparative
strengths emanating from the hero,
strengths of the environment, amount of
hardship, frustration experienced, degree
of success and failure, happy and unhappy
endings.
Children appreciation test
? 3-10 age group
? 10 cards-Depict animal characters
? Should focus on identification of 10 characters
? Main theme
? Main hero
? Main needs and drives of hero
? Conception of the environment
? How figures are seen
? Significant conflicts
? Nature of anxieties
? Main defence against conflict and fears
Picture projective tests
? General purpose instrument with improved
psychometric qualities
? Section of 30 pictures
? Had to show a promise of eliciting meaningful
projective material
? Most but not all had to include more than one
human character
? About half of the pictures had to depict
affective expression, active poses.
Word association tests
? List of words is presented to a
subject who is asked to respond
with the first word or idea that
comes to his mind
? Many of the words appear to be
emotionally neutral
? Special interest are words that
tend to elicit personalized
reactions
? Amount of time taken before
beginning each response and the
response itself
Drawing tests
? Relevant for children as his thoughts and
feelings float into his drawings unwillingly
? Draw a person test-certain graphic
expressionsnwithin drawings reflect
personality characteristics.
? Asked to construct a person of the opposite
gender drawn
Verbal tests
? Story telling
? Sentence completion test: A person who
does not use lakes is being thoughtful of
? the ecosystem
? Projective questionnaire: situations totally
correlated to the job or organization are
given
? Painting tests:
? Great way of expressing negative emotions
re-ordering and re-evaluating the way we
express ourselves
? Helpful for children to talk about personal
problems
TYPING TEST
? Passage
? Scores-number of words typed per minute and number
of errors made
? Typing speed and accuracy
? Techniques of typing
? Touch typing: hands are placed over the keyboard in a
specific formation. position of the key is memorized
? Hunt and peck type:
? Buffer method: looks at the source copy, mentally
stores one or several sentences and then looks at the
keyboard and types.
Shorthand test
? Process of writing in shorthand-stenography
Need
1) To deliver long phone messages
2) Environments where audiorecorders are forbidden-track of
information.
3) Health professionals may use shorthand notes in medical
charts
Computer proficiency test:
Measure of knowledge and competency
Components:
Word processing;
Email
Internet skills
Spreadsheets
Database
Interviewing
Interviews may be defined as face to face
communication method for knowing some
information about the potential job candidates.
It is a process of collecting some information
whether the candidates like the job or not.
Under these processes, job seekers invited to
appear at the interview board with their
relevant academic and other qualification
records
Feature:
? Pre arranged and planned process
? Two way communication
? Purposefully designed
? Conversation
Objectives:
Judgement of application
Information about the application
Developing confidence

Types of Interviews
? Preliminary interview -
Informal interview
Unstructured interview
? Core interview
Back ground information interview
Stress interview
Formal and structured interview
Panel interview
Group interview
Job and probing interview
Depth interview
? Decision making interview
Advantages: for company
? Provide information
? Helps to select a right candidates
? Improves goodwill
? Helps in promotion and transfer
For Candidate:
? Provide employment opportunity
? Helps candidates to accept or reject

FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
? The?general?intelligence,? g,?influences?the?
performance?on?all?mental?tasks,?while?another?
component?influences?abilities?on?a?particular?
task.
[7]
? Raven's Progressive Matrices?(often?referred?to?simply?as?Raven's
Matrices)?or?RPM?is?a?nonverbal?group?test?typically?used?in?
educational?settings.
? ?It?is?usually?a?60-item?test?used?in?measuring?abstract?reasoning?and?
regarded?as?a?non-verbal?estimate?of?fluid?intelligence.
[
? 1]
?It?is?the?most?common?and?popular?test?administered?to?groups?
ranging?from?5-year-olds?to?the?elderly.
[2]
? ?It?is?made?of?60?multiple?choice?questions,?listed?in?order?of?
difficulty.
[2
? ]
?This?format?is?designed?to?measure?the?test?taker's?reasoning?ability,?
the?eductive?("meaning-making")?component?of?Spearman's? g?( g?is?
often?referred?to?as?general?intelligence).?
? The?tests?were?originally?developed?by?John?C.?Raven?in?1936.
[3]
?In?
each?test?item,?the?subject?is?asked?to?identify?the?missing?element?
that?completes?a?pattern.
? ?Many?patterns?are?presented?in?the?form?of?a?6?6,?4?4,?3?3,?or?
2?2?matrix,?giving?the?test?its?name.
? All of the questions on the Raven's progressives
consist of visual geometric design with a missing
piece. The test taker is given six to eight choices to
pick from and fill in the missing piece.
[4]
? An IQ test item in the style of a Raven's
Progressive Matrices test. Given eight patterns,
the subject must identify the missing ninth
pattern
The Matrices are available in three different forms
for participants of different ability:
? Standard Progressive Matrices-This was
developed to assess a person?s intellectual ability
at the time of testing him with design or patterns.
? Person has to find relation between designs and
perform task. The booklet comprises five sets (A
to E) of 12 items each (e.g., A1 through A12),
? A and B-6 piece designs
? B & c-8 pieces of design. All items are presented
in black ink on a white background
? Coloured Progressive Matrices-Designed for
children aged 5 through 11 years-of-age, the
elderly, and mentally and physically impaired
individual participants.
? Tests the intellectual capacity of young
children and people.
? Coloured progressive matrixes-assess a
persons capacity of level of observation and
clear thinking
? This is a language free test
? The scale has two sets A and b and ab set
Advanced Progressive Matrices
? ?Persons?who?are?above?11?years?and?those?
who?are?above?average?in?mental?ability.
? Time?limit
? The?first?set?has?12?problems,2
nd
?set?contains?
48?items,?presented?as?one?set?of?12?(set?I),?
and?another?of?36?(set?II).?
Difference between individual test and
group test
Basic difference Individual test Group test
Sample size Small sample Ultra large samples
Format Open ended Multi choice
Examiner's role Significant role, Minimal role
Time factors More time consuming Less time consuming
Physical & personality test
? Physical abilities use tasks or abilities that
require physical ability to perform
? Measure physical attributes and characteristics
? Personality Assessment test:
? Personality means how people affect othersand
how they understand and view themselves as
well as their pattern of inner and outer
measurable traits and person situation
interaction
? Not a single characteristic; multidimensional in
nature with many interacting elements
Personality?assessment?test
? A?personality? test?is? a? questionnaire? or? other?
standardized? instrument? designed? to? reveal?
aspects? of? an? individual's? character? or?
psychological? makeup.? The? first?personality?
tests?were? developed? in? the? 1920s? and? were?
intended? to? ease? the? process? of? personnel?
selection,?particularly?in?the?armed?forces.?
? the?combination?of?characteristics?or?qualities?
that?form?an?individual's?distinctive?character.
Measuring personality:
? Personality rating methods
? Personality inventories
? Situational tests
? Projective methods
Personality rating methods
? Rating is a term applied or judgment regarding
some situation, object or character. Opinion
are usually expresses on a scale of values.
Rating techniques are derive which such
judgements may be quantified.
Rating scales:
?is a selected list of words , phrases , sentences or para
following which an observer records value or rating based
upon objective scale of values
? A rating scale is an instrument i.e. A list of questions
that is set to enable the reviewer to indicate the, size
or intensity of the underlying characteristics of a
person.
? Description of the characteristics ?clarity-rate
? Items on each scale must b described in such a way-to
know what they mean
? Items should be described in terms of behaviour
? The description of the personality
characteristic must be clear and we defined
? The item on each scale end must be described
? It should be concrete behaviour
Types?of?rating?scale:?
- Graphic?scale?
- A?straight?line?is?drawn?and?divided?into?many?parts?.?
Each?part-number?of?adjectives?are?written.
- Evaluator?has?to?mark?any?of?these.
- Length?of?the?line-5?inches
- 3-5?adjectives?are?used
- Division?on?the?line?should?be?equidistant
- Graphic?Rating?Scale?is?a?type?of?performance?
appraisal?method.?In?this?method?traits?or?behaviours?
that?are?important?for?effective?performance?are?listed?
out?and?each?employee?is?rated?against?these?traits.?
The?rating?helps?employers?to?quantify?the?behaviours?
displayed?by?its?employees.
? Numerical scale:
Marks as associated with certain indicators.
Data that are counted or measured using a
numerically defined method are called
numerical (quantitative).
Three point, five point seven point scale
? Ranking?order:?Statistical?technique,?rank?are?mentioned?in?the?
descending?order.?
? A?Rank?Order?scale?gives?the?respondent?a?set?of?items?and?asks?
them?to?put?the?items?in?some?form?oforder.?The?measure?of?
'order'?can?include?such?as?preference,?importance,?liking,?
effectiveness?and?so?on.?The?order?is?often?a?simple?ordinal?
structure?(A?is?higher?than?B)
? Paired?comparison?scale???each?person?compared?with?other?in?the?
group?
? The?Paired?Comparison?Scaling?is?a?comparative?scaling?technique?
wherein?the?respondent?is?shown?two?objects?at?the?same?time?and?
is?asked?to?select?one?according?to?the?defined?criterion.?
Rank order
Paired comparision
Forced choice scale
Forced choiced scale
? Forced choice refers to a specific format for
response options in survey questionnaires. In
a forced choice format, respondents are not
given a specific option to reflect a
"nonresponse" type choice, such as "no
opinion," "don't know," "not sure," or "not
applicable." Respondents must select a
response choice that provides a specific
answer to the survey item.
Rating interview-
The interviewing process often includes the use
of rating scales that the interviewers (also called
?raters?) use to evaluate the quality of the
interview and lead to some kind of
recommendation of the candidate for the job in
question.
Assess personality characteristicsof a subject on
a standardised rating scale.
Discusses worker?s achievement
? Situational tests: real life conditioning are
simulate
? Candidate?s spontaneous reactions will be
recorded
? It is done in a group and based on them
? It include role play, case studies, group
discussion

Types of situational test:
Derived from latin word socius ?social; metrum-
measure by Jacob L Moreno
Sociometry : the study of relationships within a
group of people.
Assess the positive and negative links between
persons within a group.
Sociometry is a way of measuring relationships
between people. Sociometric tests can include
variety of procedures used within social groups to
measure social status, popularity, peer
acceptance or rejection and reputation
Sociometry
? Used to evaluate group structure
? Measure amount of organization shown by
social group-sociometric test
? Made in respect to work, home , school
groups
? Determines position of each individual in a
group in which he has to function
CONSTRUCTION OF A SOCIOGRAM
A E F G
H
D
B I J
c K M
D is a star ?chosen by most of the members
J and g are unpopular
D serves as a bridge
ABCD has all channel communication
? Diagrammatic representation of patterns
showing interpersonal relationship
? This indicates choices, preferences, likes,
dislikes,interaction between individual
members in a group
? Gives a visual picture of sociometric structure
of a group
Various kinds of interaction in Sociometry test
? Social networks- a specific set of linkages among
defined set of people cluster
? Prescribed clusters- formal group within network
? Emergent clusters ? cluster of people who
temporarily align together to attain certain
objective
? Cliques- relatively permanent informal group
involving friendship
? Liaisons - individual who connect two or more
cluster but are no members of any cluster
? Bridges : connection as a linking pins by
belonging to two or more clusters
Importance of sociometry:
? Help to measure and build relationship
? Provide rich data
? Helps in group development
? Enhance group and individual perceptive
Psychodrama
?A body of philosophical, therapeutic,
educational, action based techniques-J.L
Moreno
- Action techniques in which individuals use
enactment to explore material that is
identified specific and personal to them.
Psychodrama is an action method, often used as
a psychotherapy, in which clients use
spontaneous dramatization, role playing, and
dramatic self-presentation to investigate and
gain insight into their lives.
Elements:
Stage- concrete situation within which protagonist story
can be brought to life
? Protagonist- is a person whose story is being enacted or
told. .
? the leading character or one of the major characters in a
play, film, novel, etc.
Director ? professional therapist who leads action and
planning.
He takes decisions involving what material
Auxiliary ego-is the position taken by other participants in a
role-playing exercise, or psychodrama, in order to simulate
particular situations for the protagonists.
role they take and what experience they bring to it.
Audience
Socio drama:
Variant of psychodrama
? A sociodrama is a dramatic play in which
several individuals spontaneously enact social
situations to understand situations more fully.
? Assign roles for the purpose of studying and
remedying problems in group or collective
relationships.
Enact various solutions to social problems.
? After each sociodrama, they have to debrief
an enactment and note what was learned.
? Brainstorm, problem solving and closure
Difference between Socio and
Psychodrama
PSYCHODRAMA SOCIOMETRY
EXPLORE INNER WORLD OF THE PERSON SOCIAL WORLD
INTRAPERSONAL INTERPERSONAL
Advantage of situational test:
Reveals personality characteristics
Superior to rating methods
Convenient
Useful in selection
Disadvantages:
Time consuming
Expensive
Personality inventories
? Francis Galton in 19
th
centaury
? Designed to assess the stable and enduring
characteristics of a person that may affect job
performance and workplace behavior.
? Inventories are known as questionnaires or scale
? Respondents are given list of statements in
standard order with fixed set of response
? Responses-assigned ratings to yield numerical
scores options
Types of inventories
? Bell adjustment inventory:
? Assesses individuals adjustment in variety of
situations
? Consists of 160 items & 4 subscales: home,
health, social, emotional
? High scores-poor adjustment; low scores-
better adjustment
Bernreuter test
? Robert G bernreuter-personality traits
? 125 questions-6 scales-B1N,B2S,B3-I,B4-D,F1C,
& F2S(BIPOLAR)
Personality characteristics of industrial and
other organisations
California Personality inventory
? *Created by Harrison Dough in 1956
? Purpose-to measure and evaluate an individual?s
interpersonal behavior and social interaction
? 434-true-false questions;18 scales
1. Measure of poise, ascendancy, self assurance and
interpersonal adequacy
2. Measure of socialization ,responsibility, intrapersonal
values, and character
3. Measure of achievement potiential & intellectual
efficiency
4. Measure of intellectual modes and interest modes
Minnesota personality scale
? Has separate forms for men and women
? Rates following aspects of personality
1. Morale
2. Social adjustment
3. Family relations
4. Emotionability-degree of stability
5. Used for last 2yrs of high school, college and
sometimes adults
6. Five choices-agree, strongly agree, undecided,
disagree,strongly disagree
? Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory
? 550 items, item is printed on separate card
? Inventory-indicates personality traits of the
individual
? One has to respond to questions with answers
?yes, no ,doubtful in the box provided.
? Responses are evaluated
Cornell index
? Standardised questionnaire for males only
? 101 items fall into 2 categories
1. Those differentiating sharply between persons
with serious personality disorders
(Does worrying continually get you down)
2. Those concerned with bodily symptoms-trouble
with food digestion
Response should be ?yes or no?
Effective in showing presence of anxiety states,
migraine,peptic ulcers, convulsive disorders,
asthma
Myer?briggs?type?indicator
? Based?on?Carl?jung?s?theory?of?personality
? Useful?in?promoting?personal?growth,?self?awareness,?
leadership?skills,?team?building,?career?development,?and?
improved?interpersonal?skills.
? Yields?scores?on?4??bipolar?dimensions:
1. Introversion-extroversion
2. Sensing-intuition- Sensing?and? intuition?are?the?
information-gathering?(perceiving)?functions.
3. Thinking-feeling-are?the?decision-making?(judging)?
functions.?Based?on?the?data?received?from?their?
information-gathering?functions
Subjective Objective
Perception Intuition/Sensing
Judging Feeling/Thinking
? Introversion?(thinking?things?through)?more?than?Extraversion?
(interacting?with?people)
? Sensing?(perceiving?tangible?facts)?more?than?iNtuition?
(perceiving?new?possibilities)
? Feeling?(making?decisions?using?subjective?values)?more?than?
Thinking?(making?decisions?using?objective?logic)
? Judgement?(an?organised?lifestyle)?more?than?Perception?(a?
flexible?lifestyle)
ISTJ ISFJ INFJ INTJ
ISTP ISFP INFP INTP
ESTP ESFP ENFP ENTP
ESTJ ESFJ ENFJ ENTJ
Myers-Briggs Types
Projective?methods
? A? projective?test?is?a?personality?test?designed?to?
let?a?person?respond?to?ambiguous?stimuli,?
presumably?revealing?hidden?emotions?and?
internal?conflicts?projected?by?the?person?into?the?
test
? Assess?the?way?people?respond?and?interpret?
inkblote?and?pictures?in?which?motives?and?
feelings?are?not?clear.
? This?is?a?sign?of?projection?of?their?own?
uncontrollable?feelings,?emotion,?personality??
characteristics
Rorschach Ink blot test
? Herman Rorschach-1921.
? determines the emotional and impulsive tendencies.
? Possible mental disturbance , introversion and
intelligence can be deduced
? Gives total image of testee?s personality
? Test composed of 10 cards on which inkblots appear
? Five inkblots are of black ink, two are of black and red
ink and three are multicolored, on a white background.
? Tester shows cards to the testee one by one and tests
responds what each card portrays
? Tester notes verbal responses(silences , time taken to
respond , how he holds the card , non-verbal behavior)
In next stage-what characteristics of
inkblots led to his responses which are
then noted, categorized &evaluated
on factors such as:
1. Observation and movement testee
has discerned from cards
2. Contents ascribed to inkblots-What
the inkblots represent
3. Light and shadow observed by
testee
4. Texture of the shapes that have
been observed-hair, skin
5. Responses are analysed
quantitatively and qualitatively
Thematic appreciation test
? Murray and morgon
? Individual is confronted with a situation and required
to make a imaginary story and reveal his personality
? The complete version of the test contains 32 picture
cards. Some of the cards show male figures, some
female, some both male and female figures, some of
ambiguous gender, some adults, some children, and
some show no human figures at all.
? One card is completely blank and is used to elicit both
a scene and a story about the given scene from the
storyteller
? The subject is asked to tell as dramatic a story as they can for
each picture presented, including the following:
? what has led up to the event shown
? what is happening at the moment
? what the characters are feeling and thinking
? what the outcome of the story was
? May be administered individually or in a group
? Each of these scoring categories attempts to measure the
following information:
? ?Story Design measures an individual?s ability to identify and
formulate a problem situation.
?Story Orientation assesses an examinees level of personal
control, emotional distress, confidence and motivation.
?Story Solutions assesses how impulsive an examinee is. In
addition to evaluating the types of problem solutions that are
provided, the number of problem solutions that examinees
provide for each of the TAT cards is summed.
? Story Resolution provides information on the examinees
ability to formulate problem solutions that maximize both
short and long-term goals.
5 different aspects
? Hero-When there is a older and younger
women it is clear younger is hero
? Need of the hero : identify needs motives ,
desires of the hero
? Identifies the presses: Any environmental
factor that may interfere with her needs
? Scoring for themes: nature of interplay and
conflict between needs and presses-type
of emotions elicited by the conflict how it
is resolved
? Scoring for outcome-comparative
strengths emanating from the hero,
strengths of the environment, amount of
hardship, frustration experienced, degree
of success and failure, happy and unhappy
endings.
Children appreciation test
? 3-10 age group
? 10 cards-Depict animal characters
? Should focus on identification of 10 characters
? Main theme
? Main hero
? Main needs and drives of hero
? Conception of the environment
? How figures are seen
? Significant conflicts
? Nature of anxieties
? Main defence against conflict and fears
Picture projective tests
? General purpose instrument with improved
psychometric qualities
? Section of 30 pictures
? Had to show a promise of eliciting meaningful
projective material
? Most but not all had to include more than one
human character
? About half of the pictures had to depict
affective expression, active poses.
Word association tests
? List of words is presented to a
subject who is asked to respond
with the first word or idea that
comes to his mind
? Many of the words appear to be
emotionally neutral
? Special interest are words that
tend to elicit personalized
reactions
? Amount of time taken before
beginning each response and the
response itself
Drawing tests
? Relevant for children as his thoughts and
feelings float into his drawings unwillingly
? Draw a person test-certain graphic
expressionsnwithin drawings reflect
personality characteristics.
? Asked to construct a person of the opposite
gender drawn
Verbal tests
? Story telling
? Sentence completion test: A person who
does not use lakes is being thoughtful of
? the ecosystem
? Projective questionnaire: situations totally
correlated to the job or organization are
given
? Painting tests:
? Great way of expressing negative emotions
re-ordering and re-evaluating the way we
express ourselves
? Helpful for children to talk about personal
problems
TYPING TEST
? Passage
? Scores-number of words typed per minute and number
of errors made
? Typing speed and accuracy
? Techniques of typing
? Touch typing: hands are placed over the keyboard in a
specific formation. position of the key is memorized
? Hunt and peck type:
? Buffer method: looks at the source copy, mentally
stores one or several sentences and then looks at the
keyboard and types.
Shorthand test
? Process of writing in shorthand-stenography
Need
1) To deliver long phone messages
2) Environments where audiorecorders are forbidden-track of
information.
3) Health professionals may use shorthand notes in medical
charts
Computer proficiency test:
Measure of knowledge and competency
Components:
Word processing;
Email
Internet skills
Spreadsheets
Database
Interviewing
Interviews may be defined as face to face
communication method for knowing some
information about the potential job candidates.
It is a process of collecting some information
whether the candidates like the job or not.
Under these processes, job seekers invited to
appear at the interview board with their
relevant academic and other qualification
records
Feature:
? Pre arranged and planned process
? Two way communication
? Purposefully designed
? Conversation
Objectives:
Judgement of application
Information about the application
Developing confidence

Types of Interviews
? Preliminary interview -
Informal interview
Unstructured interview
? Core interview
Back ground information interview
Stress interview
Formal and structured interview
Panel interview
Group interview
Job and probing interview
Depth interview
? Decision making interview
Advantages: for company
? Provide information
? Helps to select a right candidates
? Improves goodwill
? Helps in promotion and transfer
For Candidate:
? Provide employment opportunity
? Helps candidates to accept or reject

Disadvantages:
? Expensive
? Subject to bias and persona traits
ineffective in some areas
? demands skilled interviewers
? Difficulty to analyse
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
? The?general?intelligence,? g,?influences?the?
performance?on?all?mental?tasks,?while?another?
component?influences?abilities?on?a?particular?
task.
[7]
? Raven's Progressive Matrices?(often?referred?to?simply?as?Raven's
Matrices)?or?RPM?is?a?nonverbal?group?test?typically?used?in?
educational?settings.
? ?It?is?usually?a?60-item?test?used?in?measuring?abstract?reasoning?and?
regarded?as?a?non-verbal?estimate?of?fluid?intelligence.
[
? 1]
?It?is?the?most?common?and?popular?test?administered?to?groups?
ranging?from?5-year-olds?to?the?elderly.
[2]
? ?It?is?made?of?60?multiple?choice?questions,?listed?in?order?of?
difficulty.
[2
? ]
?This?format?is?designed?to?measure?the?test?taker's?reasoning?ability,?
the?eductive?("meaning-making")?component?of?Spearman's? g?( g?is?
often?referred?to?as?general?intelligence).?
? The?tests?were?originally?developed?by?John?C.?Raven?in?1936.
[3]
?In?
each?test?item,?the?subject?is?asked?to?identify?the?missing?element?
that?completes?a?pattern.
? ?Many?patterns?are?presented?in?the?form?of?a?6?6,?4?4,?3?3,?or?
2?2?matrix,?giving?the?test?its?name.
? All of the questions on the Raven's progressives
consist of visual geometric design with a missing
piece. The test taker is given six to eight choices to
pick from and fill in the missing piece.
[4]
? An IQ test item in the style of a Raven's
Progressive Matrices test. Given eight patterns,
the subject must identify the missing ninth
pattern
The Matrices are available in three different forms
for participants of different ability:
? Standard Progressive Matrices-This was
developed to assess a person?s intellectual ability
at the time of testing him with design or patterns.
? Person has to find relation between designs and
perform task. The booklet comprises five sets (A
to E) of 12 items each (e.g., A1 through A12),
? A and B-6 piece designs
? B & c-8 pieces of design. All items are presented
in black ink on a white background
? Coloured Progressive Matrices-Designed for
children aged 5 through 11 years-of-age, the
elderly, and mentally and physically impaired
individual participants.
? Tests the intellectual capacity of young
children and people.
? Coloured progressive matrixes-assess a
persons capacity of level of observation and
clear thinking
? This is a language free test
? The scale has two sets A and b and ab set
Advanced Progressive Matrices
? ?Persons?who?are?above?11?years?and?those?
who?are?above?average?in?mental?ability.
? Time?limit
? The?first?set?has?12?problems,2
nd
?set?contains?
48?items,?presented?as?one?set?of?12?(set?I),?
and?another?of?36?(set?II).?
Difference between individual test and
group test
Basic difference Individual test Group test
Sample size Small sample Ultra large samples
Format Open ended Multi choice
Examiner's role Significant role, Minimal role
Time factors More time consuming Less time consuming
Physical & personality test
? Physical abilities use tasks or abilities that
require physical ability to perform
? Measure physical attributes and characteristics
? Personality Assessment test:
? Personality means how people affect othersand
how they understand and view themselves as
well as their pattern of inner and outer
measurable traits and person situation
interaction
? Not a single characteristic; multidimensional in
nature with many interacting elements
Personality?assessment?test
? A?personality? test?is? a? questionnaire? or? other?
standardized? instrument? designed? to? reveal?
aspects? of? an? individual's? character? or?
psychological? makeup.? The? first?personality?
tests?were? developed? in? the? 1920s? and? were?
intended? to? ease? the? process? of? personnel?
selection,?particularly?in?the?armed?forces.?
? the?combination?of?characteristics?or?qualities?
that?form?an?individual's?distinctive?character.
Measuring personality:
? Personality rating methods
? Personality inventories
? Situational tests
? Projective methods
Personality rating methods
? Rating is a term applied or judgment regarding
some situation, object or character. Opinion
are usually expresses on a scale of values.
Rating techniques are derive which such
judgements may be quantified.
Rating scales:
?is a selected list of words , phrases , sentences or para
following which an observer records value or rating based
upon objective scale of values
? A rating scale is an instrument i.e. A list of questions
that is set to enable the reviewer to indicate the, size
or intensity of the underlying characteristics of a
person.
? Description of the characteristics ?clarity-rate
? Items on each scale must b described in such a way-to
know what they mean
? Items should be described in terms of behaviour
? The description of the personality
characteristic must be clear and we defined
? The item on each scale end must be described
? It should be concrete behaviour
Types?of?rating?scale:?
- Graphic?scale?
- A?straight?line?is?drawn?and?divided?into?many?parts?.?
Each?part-number?of?adjectives?are?written.
- Evaluator?has?to?mark?any?of?these.
- Length?of?the?line-5?inches
- 3-5?adjectives?are?used
- Division?on?the?line?should?be?equidistant
- Graphic?Rating?Scale?is?a?type?of?performance?
appraisal?method.?In?this?method?traits?or?behaviours?
that?are?important?for?effective?performance?are?listed?
out?and?each?employee?is?rated?against?these?traits.?
The?rating?helps?employers?to?quantify?the?behaviours?
displayed?by?its?employees.
? Numerical scale:
Marks as associated with certain indicators.
Data that are counted or measured using a
numerically defined method are called
numerical (quantitative).
Three point, five point seven point scale
? Ranking?order:?Statistical?technique,?rank?are?mentioned?in?the?
descending?order.?
? A?Rank?Order?scale?gives?the?respondent?a?set?of?items?and?asks?
them?to?put?the?items?in?some?form?oforder.?The?measure?of?
'order'?can?include?such?as?preference,?importance,?liking,?
effectiveness?and?so?on.?The?order?is?often?a?simple?ordinal?
structure?(A?is?higher?than?B)
? Paired?comparison?scale???each?person?compared?with?other?in?the?
group?
? The?Paired?Comparison?Scaling?is?a?comparative?scaling?technique?
wherein?the?respondent?is?shown?two?objects?at?the?same?time?and?
is?asked?to?select?one?according?to?the?defined?criterion.?
Rank order
Paired comparision
Forced choice scale
Forced choiced scale
? Forced choice refers to a specific format for
response options in survey questionnaires. In
a forced choice format, respondents are not
given a specific option to reflect a
"nonresponse" type choice, such as "no
opinion," "don't know," "not sure," or "not
applicable." Respondents must select a
response choice that provides a specific
answer to the survey item.
Rating interview-
The interviewing process often includes the use
of rating scales that the interviewers (also called
?raters?) use to evaluate the quality of the
interview and lead to some kind of
recommendation of the candidate for the job in
question.
Assess personality characteristicsof a subject on
a standardised rating scale.
Discusses worker?s achievement
? Situational tests: real life conditioning are
simulate
? Candidate?s spontaneous reactions will be
recorded
? It is done in a group and based on them
? It include role play, case studies, group
discussion

Types of situational test:
Derived from latin word socius ?social; metrum-
measure by Jacob L Moreno
Sociometry : the study of relationships within a
group of people.
Assess the positive and negative links between
persons within a group.
Sociometry is a way of measuring relationships
between people. Sociometric tests can include
variety of procedures used within social groups to
measure social status, popularity, peer
acceptance or rejection and reputation
Sociometry
? Used to evaluate group structure
? Measure amount of organization shown by
social group-sociometric test
? Made in respect to work, home , school
groups
? Determines position of each individual in a
group in which he has to function
CONSTRUCTION OF A SOCIOGRAM
A E F G
H
D
B I J
c K M
D is a star ?chosen by most of the members
J and g are unpopular
D serves as a bridge
ABCD has all channel communication
? Diagrammatic representation of patterns
showing interpersonal relationship
? This indicates choices, preferences, likes,
dislikes,interaction between individual
members in a group
? Gives a visual picture of sociometric structure
of a group
Various kinds of interaction in Sociometry test
? Social networks- a specific set of linkages among
defined set of people cluster
? Prescribed clusters- formal group within network
? Emergent clusters ? cluster of people who
temporarily align together to attain certain
objective
? Cliques- relatively permanent informal group
involving friendship
? Liaisons - individual who connect two or more
cluster but are no members of any cluster
? Bridges : connection as a linking pins by
belonging to two or more clusters
Importance of sociometry:
? Help to measure and build relationship
? Provide rich data
? Helps in group development
? Enhance group and individual perceptive
Psychodrama
?A body of philosophical, therapeutic,
educational, action based techniques-J.L
Moreno
- Action techniques in which individuals use
enactment to explore material that is
identified specific and personal to them.
Psychodrama is an action method, often used as
a psychotherapy, in which clients use
spontaneous dramatization, role playing, and
dramatic self-presentation to investigate and
gain insight into their lives.
Elements:
Stage- concrete situation within which protagonist story
can be brought to life
? Protagonist- is a person whose story is being enacted or
told. .
? the leading character or one of the major characters in a
play, film, novel, etc.
Director ? professional therapist who leads action and
planning.
He takes decisions involving what material
Auxiliary ego-is the position taken by other participants in a
role-playing exercise, or psychodrama, in order to simulate
particular situations for the protagonists.
role they take and what experience they bring to it.
Audience
Socio drama:
Variant of psychodrama
? A sociodrama is a dramatic play in which
several individuals spontaneously enact social
situations to understand situations more fully.
? Assign roles for the purpose of studying and
remedying problems in group or collective
relationships.
Enact various solutions to social problems.
? After each sociodrama, they have to debrief
an enactment and note what was learned.
? Brainstorm, problem solving and closure
Difference between Socio and
Psychodrama
PSYCHODRAMA SOCIOMETRY
EXPLORE INNER WORLD OF THE PERSON SOCIAL WORLD
INTRAPERSONAL INTERPERSONAL
Advantage of situational test:
Reveals personality characteristics
Superior to rating methods
Convenient
Useful in selection
Disadvantages:
Time consuming
Expensive
Personality inventories
? Francis Galton in 19
th
centaury
? Designed to assess the stable and enduring
characteristics of a person that may affect job
performance and workplace behavior.
? Inventories are known as questionnaires or scale
? Respondents are given list of statements in
standard order with fixed set of response
? Responses-assigned ratings to yield numerical
scores options
Types of inventories
? Bell adjustment inventory:
? Assesses individuals adjustment in variety of
situations
? Consists of 160 items & 4 subscales: home,
health, social, emotional
? High scores-poor adjustment; low scores-
better adjustment
Bernreuter test
? Robert G bernreuter-personality traits
? 125 questions-6 scales-B1N,B2S,B3-I,B4-D,F1C,
& F2S(BIPOLAR)
Personality characteristics of industrial and
other organisations
California Personality inventory
? *Created by Harrison Dough in 1956
? Purpose-to measure and evaluate an individual?s
interpersonal behavior and social interaction
? 434-true-false questions;18 scales
1. Measure of poise, ascendancy, self assurance and
interpersonal adequacy
2. Measure of socialization ,responsibility, intrapersonal
values, and character
3. Measure of achievement potiential & intellectual
efficiency
4. Measure of intellectual modes and interest modes
Minnesota personality scale
? Has separate forms for men and women
? Rates following aspects of personality
1. Morale
2. Social adjustment
3. Family relations
4. Emotionability-degree of stability
5. Used for last 2yrs of high school, college and
sometimes adults
6. Five choices-agree, strongly agree, undecided,
disagree,strongly disagree
? Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory
? 550 items, item is printed on separate card
? Inventory-indicates personality traits of the
individual
? One has to respond to questions with answers
?yes, no ,doubtful in the box provided.
? Responses are evaluated
Cornell index
? Standardised questionnaire for males only
? 101 items fall into 2 categories
1. Those differentiating sharply between persons
with serious personality disorders
(Does worrying continually get you down)
2. Those concerned with bodily symptoms-trouble
with food digestion
Response should be ?yes or no?
Effective in showing presence of anxiety states,
migraine,peptic ulcers, convulsive disorders,
asthma
Myer?briggs?type?indicator
? Based?on?Carl?jung?s?theory?of?personality
? Useful?in?promoting?personal?growth,?self?awareness,?
leadership?skills,?team?building,?career?development,?and?
improved?interpersonal?skills.
? Yields?scores?on?4??bipolar?dimensions:
1. Introversion-extroversion
2. Sensing-intuition- Sensing?and? intuition?are?the?
information-gathering?(perceiving)?functions.
3. Thinking-feeling-are?the?decision-making?(judging)?
functions.?Based?on?the?data?received?from?their?
information-gathering?functions
Subjective Objective
Perception Intuition/Sensing
Judging Feeling/Thinking
? Introversion?(thinking?things?through)?more?than?Extraversion?
(interacting?with?people)
? Sensing?(perceiving?tangible?facts)?more?than?iNtuition?
(perceiving?new?possibilities)
? Feeling?(making?decisions?using?subjective?values)?more?than?
Thinking?(making?decisions?using?objective?logic)
? Judgement?(an?organised?lifestyle)?more?than?Perception?(a?
flexible?lifestyle)
ISTJ ISFJ INFJ INTJ
ISTP ISFP INFP INTP
ESTP ESFP ENFP ENTP
ESTJ ESFJ ENFJ ENTJ
Myers-Briggs Types
Projective?methods
? A? projective?test?is?a?personality?test?designed?to?
let?a?person?respond?to?ambiguous?stimuli,?
presumably?revealing?hidden?emotions?and?
internal?conflicts?projected?by?the?person?into?the?
test
? Assess?the?way?people?respond?and?interpret?
inkblote?and?pictures?in?which?motives?and?
feelings?are?not?clear.
? This?is?a?sign?of?projection?of?their?own?
uncontrollable?feelings,?emotion,?personality??
characteristics
Rorschach Ink blot test
? Herman Rorschach-1921.
? determines the emotional and impulsive tendencies.
? Possible mental disturbance , introversion and
intelligence can be deduced
? Gives total image of testee?s personality
? Test composed of 10 cards on which inkblots appear
? Five inkblots are of black ink, two are of black and red
ink and three are multicolored, on a white background.
? Tester shows cards to the testee one by one and tests
responds what each card portrays
? Tester notes verbal responses(silences , time taken to
respond , how he holds the card , non-verbal behavior)
In next stage-what characteristics of
inkblots led to his responses which are
then noted, categorized &evaluated
on factors such as:
1. Observation and movement testee
has discerned from cards
2. Contents ascribed to inkblots-What
the inkblots represent
3. Light and shadow observed by
testee
4. Texture of the shapes that have
been observed-hair, skin
5. Responses are analysed
quantitatively and qualitatively
Thematic appreciation test
? Murray and morgon
? Individual is confronted with a situation and required
to make a imaginary story and reveal his personality
? The complete version of the test contains 32 picture
cards. Some of the cards show male figures, some
female, some both male and female figures, some of
ambiguous gender, some adults, some children, and
some show no human figures at all.
? One card is completely blank and is used to elicit both
a scene and a story about the given scene from the
storyteller
? The subject is asked to tell as dramatic a story as they can for
each picture presented, including the following:
? what has led up to the event shown
? what is happening at the moment
? what the characters are feeling and thinking
? what the outcome of the story was
? May be administered individually or in a group
? Each of these scoring categories attempts to measure the
following information:
? ?Story Design measures an individual?s ability to identify and
formulate a problem situation.
?Story Orientation assesses an examinees level of personal
control, emotional distress, confidence and motivation.
?Story Solutions assesses how impulsive an examinee is. In
addition to evaluating the types of problem solutions that are
provided, the number of problem solutions that examinees
provide for each of the TAT cards is summed.
? Story Resolution provides information on the examinees
ability to formulate problem solutions that maximize both
short and long-term goals.
5 different aspects
? Hero-When there is a older and younger
women it is clear younger is hero
? Need of the hero : identify needs motives ,
desires of the hero
? Identifies the presses: Any environmental
factor that may interfere with her needs
? Scoring for themes: nature of interplay and
conflict between needs and presses-type
of emotions elicited by the conflict how it
is resolved
? Scoring for outcome-comparative
strengths emanating from the hero,
strengths of the environment, amount of
hardship, frustration experienced, degree
of success and failure, happy and unhappy
endings.
Children appreciation test
? 3-10 age group
? 10 cards-Depict animal characters
? Should focus on identification of 10 characters
? Main theme
? Main hero
? Main needs and drives of hero
? Conception of the environment
? How figures are seen
? Significant conflicts
? Nature of anxieties
? Main defence against conflict and fears
Picture projective tests
? General purpose instrument with improved
psychometric qualities
? Section of 30 pictures
? Had to show a promise of eliciting meaningful
projective material
? Most but not all had to include more than one
human character
? About half of the pictures had to depict
affective expression, active poses.
Word association tests
? List of words is presented to a
subject who is asked to respond
with the first word or idea that
comes to his mind
? Many of the words appear to be
emotionally neutral
? Special interest are words that
tend to elicit personalized
reactions
? Amount of time taken before
beginning each response and the
response itself
Drawing tests
? Relevant for children as his thoughts and
feelings float into his drawings unwillingly
? Draw a person test-certain graphic
expressionsnwithin drawings reflect
personality characteristics.
? Asked to construct a person of the opposite
gender drawn
Verbal tests
? Story telling
? Sentence completion test: A person who
does not use lakes is being thoughtful of
? the ecosystem
? Projective questionnaire: situations totally
correlated to the job or organization are
given
? Painting tests:
? Great way of expressing negative emotions
re-ordering and re-evaluating the way we
express ourselves
? Helpful for children to talk about personal
problems
TYPING TEST
? Passage
? Scores-number of words typed per minute and number
of errors made
? Typing speed and accuracy
? Techniques of typing
? Touch typing: hands are placed over the keyboard in a
specific formation. position of the key is memorized
? Hunt and peck type:
? Buffer method: looks at the source copy, mentally
stores one or several sentences and then looks at the
keyboard and types.
Shorthand test
? Process of writing in shorthand-stenography
Need
1) To deliver long phone messages
2) Environments where audiorecorders are forbidden-track of
information.
3) Health professionals may use shorthand notes in medical
charts
Computer proficiency test:
Measure of knowledge and competency
Components:
Word processing;
Email
Internet skills
Spreadsheets
Database
Interviewing
Interviews may be defined as face to face
communication method for knowing some
information about the potential job candidates.
It is a process of collecting some information
whether the candidates like the job or not.
Under these processes, job seekers invited to
appear at the interview board with their
relevant academic and other qualification
records
Feature:
? Pre arranged and planned process
? Two way communication
? Purposefully designed
? Conversation
Objectives:
Judgement of application
Information about the application
Developing confidence

Types of Interviews
? Preliminary interview -
Informal interview
Unstructured interview
? Core interview
Back ground information interview
Stress interview
Formal and structured interview
Panel interview
Group interview
Job and probing interview
Depth interview
? Decision making interview
Advantages: for company
? Provide information
? Helps to select a right candidates
? Improves goodwill
? Helps in promotion and transfer
For Candidate:
? Provide employment opportunity
? Helps candidates to accept or reject

Disadvantages:
? Expensive
? Subject to bias and persona traits
ineffective in some areas
? demands skilled interviewers
? Difficulty to analyse
Interview process
Planning the interview
Getting started
Examining five interview areas
Examining strengths and weakness
Listing to what is being said
Digging for behavioural gold
Probing for specific
Using an interview check list
Allowing candidates to ask questions at the end
Explain procedures of selection and concluding with a happy note
Making decision
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
? The?general?intelligence,? g,?influences?the?
performance?on?all?mental?tasks,?while?another?
component?influences?abilities?on?a?particular?
task.
[7]
? Raven's Progressive Matrices?(often?referred?to?simply?as?Raven's
Matrices)?or?RPM?is?a?nonverbal?group?test?typically?used?in?
educational?settings.
? ?It?is?usually?a?60-item?test?used?in?measuring?abstract?reasoning?and?
regarded?as?a?non-verbal?estimate?of?fluid?intelligence.
[
? 1]
?It?is?the?most?common?and?popular?test?administered?to?groups?
ranging?from?5-year-olds?to?the?elderly.
[2]
? ?It?is?made?of?60?multiple?choice?questions,?listed?in?order?of?
difficulty.
[2
? ]
?This?format?is?designed?to?measure?the?test?taker's?reasoning?ability,?
the?eductive?("meaning-making")?component?of?Spearman's? g?( g?is?
often?referred?to?as?general?intelligence).?
? The?tests?were?originally?developed?by?John?C.?Raven?in?1936.
[3]
?In?
each?test?item,?the?subject?is?asked?to?identify?the?missing?element?
that?completes?a?pattern.
? ?Many?patterns?are?presented?in?the?form?of?a?6?6,?4?4,?3?3,?or?
2?2?matrix,?giving?the?test?its?name.
? All of the questions on the Raven's progressives
consist of visual geometric design with a missing
piece. The test taker is given six to eight choices to
pick from and fill in the missing piece.
[4]
? An IQ test item in the style of a Raven's
Progressive Matrices test. Given eight patterns,
the subject must identify the missing ninth
pattern
The Matrices are available in three different forms
for participants of different ability:
? Standard Progressive Matrices-This was
developed to assess a person?s intellectual ability
at the time of testing him with design or patterns.
? Person has to find relation between designs and
perform task. The booklet comprises five sets (A
to E) of 12 items each (e.g., A1 through A12),
? A and B-6 piece designs
? B & c-8 pieces of design. All items are presented
in black ink on a white background
? Coloured Progressive Matrices-Designed for
children aged 5 through 11 years-of-age, the
elderly, and mentally and physically impaired
individual participants.
? Tests the intellectual capacity of young
children and people.
? Coloured progressive matrixes-assess a
persons capacity of level of observation and
clear thinking
? This is a language free test
? The scale has two sets A and b and ab set
Advanced Progressive Matrices
? ?Persons?who?are?above?11?years?and?those?
who?are?above?average?in?mental?ability.
? Time?limit
? The?first?set?has?12?problems,2
nd
?set?contains?
48?items,?presented?as?one?set?of?12?(set?I),?
and?another?of?36?(set?II).?
Difference between individual test and
group test
Basic difference Individual test Group test
Sample size Small sample Ultra large samples
Format Open ended Multi choice
Examiner's role Significant role, Minimal role
Time factors More time consuming Less time consuming
Physical & personality test
? Physical abilities use tasks or abilities that
require physical ability to perform
? Measure physical attributes and characteristics
? Personality Assessment test:
? Personality means how people affect othersand
how they understand and view themselves as
well as their pattern of inner and outer
measurable traits and person situation
interaction
? Not a single characteristic; multidimensional in
nature with many interacting elements
Personality?assessment?test
? A?personality? test?is? a? questionnaire? or? other?
standardized? instrument? designed? to? reveal?
aspects? of? an? individual's? character? or?
psychological? makeup.? The? first?personality?
tests?were? developed? in? the? 1920s? and? were?
intended? to? ease? the? process? of? personnel?
selection,?particularly?in?the?armed?forces.?
? the?combination?of?characteristics?or?qualities?
that?form?an?individual's?distinctive?character.
Measuring personality:
? Personality rating methods
? Personality inventories
? Situational tests
? Projective methods
Personality rating methods
? Rating is a term applied or judgment regarding
some situation, object or character. Opinion
are usually expresses on a scale of values.
Rating techniques are derive which such
judgements may be quantified.
Rating scales:
?is a selected list of words , phrases , sentences or para
following which an observer records value or rating based
upon objective scale of values
? A rating scale is an instrument i.e. A list of questions
that is set to enable the reviewer to indicate the, size
or intensity of the underlying characteristics of a
person.
? Description of the characteristics ?clarity-rate
? Items on each scale must b described in such a way-to
know what they mean
? Items should be described in terms of behaviour
? The description of the personality
characteristic must be clear and we defined
? The item on each scale end must be described
? It should be concrete behaviour
Types?of?rating?scale:?
- Graphic?scale?
- A?straight?line?is?drawn?and?divided?into?many?parts?.?
Each?part-number?of?adjectives?are?written.
- Evaluator?has?to?mark?any?of?these.
- Length?of?the?line-5?inches
- 3-5?adjectives?are?used
- Division?on?the?line?should?be?equidistant
- Graphic?Rating?Scale?is?a?type?of?performance?
appraisal?method.?In?this?method?traits?or?behaviours?
that?are?important?for?effective?performance?are?listed?
out?and?each?employee?is?rated?against?these?traits.?
The?rating?helps?employers?to?quantify?the?behaviours?
displayed?by?its?employees.
? Numerical scale:
Marks as associated with certain indicators.
Data that are counted or measured using a
numerically defined method are called
numerical (quantitative).
Three point, five point seven point scale
? Ranking?order:?Statistical?technique,?rank?are?mentioned?in?the?
descending?order.?
? A?Rank?Order?scale?gives?the?respondent?a?set?of?items?and?asks?
them?to?put?the?items?in?some?form?oforder.?The?measure?of?
'order'?can?include?such?as?preference,?importance,?liking,?
effectiveness?and?so?on.?The?order?is?often?a?simple?ordinal?
structure?(A?is?higher?than?B)
? Paired?comparison?scale???each?person?compared?with?other?in?the?
group?
? The?Paired?Comparison?Scaling?is?a?comparative?scaling?technique?
wherein?the?respondent?is?shown?two?objects?at?the?same?time?and?
is?asked?to?select?one?according?to?the?defined?criterion.?
Rank order
Paired comparision
Forced choice scale
Forced choiced scale
? Forced choice refers to a specific format for
response options in survey questionnaires. In
a forced choice format, respondents are not
given a specific option to reflect a
"nonresponse" type choice, such as "no
opinion," "don't know," "not sure," or "not
applicable." Respondents must select a
response choice that provides a specific
answer to the survey item.
Rating interview-
The interviewing process often includes the use
of rating scales that the interviewers (also called
?raters?) use to evaluate the quality of the
interview and lead to some kind of
recommendation of the candidate for the job in
question.
Assess personality characteristicsof a subject on
a standardised rating scale.
Discusses worker?s achievement
? Situational tests: real life conditioning are
simulate
? Candidate?s spontaneous reactions will be
recorded
? It is done in a group and based on them
? It include role play, case studies, group
discussion

Types of situational test:
Derived from latin word socius ?social; metrum-
measure by Jacob L Moreno
Sociometry : the study of relationships within a
group of people.
Assess the positive and negative links between
persons within a group.
Sociometry is a way of measuring relationships
between people. Sociometric tests can include
variety of procedures used within social groups to
measure social status, popularity, peer
acceptance or rejection and reputation
Sociometry
? Used to evaluate group structure
? Measure amount of organization shown by
social group-sociometric test
? Made in respect to work, home , school
groups
? Determines position of each individual in a
group in which he has to function
CONSTRUCTION OF A SOCIOGRAM
A E F G
H
D
B I J
c K M
D is a star ?chosen by most of the members
J and g are unpopular
D serves as a bridge
ABCD has all channel communication
? Diagrammatic representation of patterns
showing interpersonal relationship
? This indicates choices, preferences, likes,
dislikes,interaction between individual
members in a group
? Gives a visual picture of sociometric structure
of a group
Various kinds of interaction in Sociometry test
? Social networks- a specific set of linkages among
defined set of people cluster
? Prescribed clusters- formal group within network
? Emergent clusters ? cluster of people who
temporarily align together to attain certain
objective
? Cliques- relatively permanent informal group
involving friendship
? Liaisons - individual who connect two or more
cluster but are no members of any cluster
? Bridges : connection as a linking pins by
belonging to two or more clusters
Importance of sociometry:
? Help to measure and build relationship
? Provide rich data
? Helps in group development
? Enhance group and individual perceptive
Psychodrama
?A body of philosophical, therapeutic,
educational, action based techniques-J.L
Moreno
- Action techniques in which individuals use
enactment to explore material that is
identified specific and personal to them.
Psychodrama is an action method, often used as
a psychotherapy, in which clients use
spontaneous dramatization, role playing, and
dramatic self-presentation to investigate and
gain insight into their lives.
Elements:
Stage- concrete situation within which protagonist story
can be brought to life
? Protagonist- is a person whose story is being enacted or
told. .
? the leading character or one of the major characters in a
play, film, novel, etc.
Director ? professional therapist who leads action and
planning.
He takes decisions involving what material
Auxiliary ego-is the position taken by other participants in a
role-playing exercise, or psychodrama, in order to simulate
particular situations for the protagonists.
role they take and what experience they bring to it.
Audience
Socio drama:
Variant of psychodrama
? A sociodrama is a dramatic play in which
several individuals spontaneously enact social
situations to understand situations more fully.
? Assign roles for the purpose of studying and
remedying problems in group or collective
relationships.
Enact various solutions to social problems.
? After each sociodrama, they have to debrief
an enactment and note what was learned.
? Brainstorm, problem solving and closure
Difference between Socio and
Psychodrama
PSYCHODRAMA SOCIOMETRY
EXPLORE INNER WORLD OF THE PERSON SOCIAL WORLD
INTRAPERSONAL INTERPERSONAL
Advantage of situational test:
Reveals personality characteristics
Superior to rating methods
Convenient
Useful in selection
Disadvantages:
Time consuming
Expensive
Personality inventories
? Francis Galton in 19
th
centaury
? Designed to assess the stable and enduring
characteristics of a person that may affect job
performance and workplace behavior.
? Inventories are known as questionnaires or scale
? Respondents are given list of statements in
standard order with fixed set of response
? Responses-assigned ratings to yield numerical
scores options
Types of inventories
? Bell adjustment inventory:
? Assesses individuals adjustment in variety of
situations
? Consists of 160 items & 4 subscales: home,
health, social, emotional
? High scores-poor adjustment; low scores-
better adjustment
Bernreuter test
? Robert G bernreuter-personality traits
? 125 questions-6 scales-B1N,B2S,B3-I,B4-D,F1C,
& F2S(BIPOLAR)
Personality characteristics of industrial and
other organisations
California Personality inventory
? *Created by Harrison Dough in 1956
? Purpose-to measure and evaluate an individual?s
interpersonal behavior and social interaction
? 434-true-false questions;18 scales
1. Measure of poise, ascendancy, self assurance and
interpersonal adequacy
2. Measure of socialization ,responsibility, intrapersonal
values, and character
3. Measure of achievement potiential & intellectual
efficiency
4. Measure of intellectual modes and interest modes
Minnesota personality scale
? Has separate forms for men and women
? Rates following aspects of personality
1. Morale
2. Social adjustment
3. Family relations
4. Emotionability-degree of stability
5. Used for last 2yrs of high school, college and
sometimes adults
6. Five choices-agree, strongly agree, undecided,
disagree,strongly disagree
? Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory
? 550 items, item is printed on separate card
? Inventory-indicates personality traits of the
individual
? One has to respond to questions with answers
?yes, no ,doubtful in the box provided.
? Responses are evaluated
Cornell index
? Standardised questionnaire for males only
? 101 items fall into 2 categories
1. Those differentiating sharply between persons
with serious personality disorders
(Does worrying continually get you down)
2. Those concerned with bodily symptoms-trouble
with food digestion
Response should be ?yes or no?
Effective in showing presence of anxiety states,
migraine,peptic ulcers, convulsive disorders,
asthma
Myer?briggs?type?indicator
? Based?on?Carl?jung?s?theory?of?personality
? Useful?in?promoting?personal?growth,?self?awareness,?
leadership?skills,?team?building,?career?development,?and?
improved?interpersonal?skills.
? Yields?scores?on?4??bipolar?dimensions:
1. Introversion-extroversion
2. Sensing-intuition- Sensing?and? intuition?are?the?
information-gathering?(perceiving)?functions.
3. Thinking-feeling-are?the?decision-making?(judging)?
functions.?Based?on?the?data?received?from?their?
information-gathering?functions
Subjective Objective
Perception Intuition/Sensing
Judging Feeling/Thinking
? Introversion?(thinking?things?through)?more?than?Extraversion?
(interacting?with?people)
? Sensing?(perceiving?tangible?facts)?more?than?iNtuition?
(perceiving?new?possibilities)
? Feeling?(making?decisions?using?subjective?values)?more?than?
Thinking?(making?decisions?using?objective?logic)
? Judgement?(an?organised?lifestyle)?more?than?Perception?(a?
flexible?lifestyle)
ISTJ ISFJ INFJ INTJ
ISTP ISFP INFP INTP
ESTP ESFP ENFP ENTP
ESTJ ESFJ ENFJ ENTJ
Myers-Briggs Types
Projective?methods
? A? projective?test?is?a?personality?test?designed?to?
let?a?person?respond?to?ambiguous?stimuli,?
presumably?revealing?hidden?emotions?and?
internal?conflicts?projected?by?the?person?into?the?
test
? Assess?the?way?people?respond?and?interpret?
inkblote?and?pictures?in?which?motives?and?
feelings?are?not?clear.
? This?is?a?sign?of?projection?of?their?own?
uncontrollable?feelings,?emotion,?personality??
characteristics
Rorschach Ink blot test
? Herman Rorschach-1921.
? determines the emotional and impulsive tendencies.
? Possible mental disturbance , introversion and
intelligence can be deduced
? Gives total image of testee?s personality
? Test composed of 10 cards on which inkblots appear
? Five inkblots are of black ink, two are of black and red
ink and three are multicolored, on a white background.
? Tester shows cards to the testee one by one and tests
responds what each card portrays
? Tester notes verbal responses(silences , time taken to
respond , how he holds the card , non-verbal behavior)
In next stage-what characteristics of
inkblots led to his responses which are
then noted, categorized &evaluated
on factors such as:
1. Observation and movement testee
has discerned from cards
2. Contents ascribed to inkblots-What
the inkblots represent
3. Light and shadow observed by
testee
4. Texture of the shapes that have
been observed-hair, skin
5. Responses are analysed
quantitatively and qualitatively
Thematic appreciation test
? Murray and morgon
? Individual is confronted with a situation and required
to make a imaginary story and reveal his personality
? The complete version of the test contains 32 picture
cards. Some of the cards show male figures, some
female, some both male and female figures, some of
ambiguous gender, some adults, some children, and
some show no human figures at all.
? One card is completely blank and is used to elicit both
a scene and a story about the given scene from the
storyteller
? The subject is asked to tell as dramatic a story as they can for
each picture presented, including the following:
? what has led up to the event shown
? what is happening at the moment
? what the characters are feeling and thinking
? what the outcome of the story was
? May be administered individually or in a group
? Each of these scoring categories attempts to measure the
following information:
? ?Story Design measures an individual?s ability to identify and
formulate a problem situation.
?Story Orientation assesses an examinees level of personal
control, emotional distress, confidence and motivation.
?Story Solutions assesses how impulsive an examinee is. In
addition to evaluating the types of problem solutions that are
provided, the number of problem solutions that examinees
provide for each of the TAT cards is summed.
? Story Resolution provides information on the examinees
ability to formulate problem solutions that maximize both
short and long-term goals.
5 different aspects
? Hero-When there is a older and younger
women it is clear younger is hero
? Need of the hero : identify needs motives ,
desires of the hero
? Identifies the presses: Any environmental
factor that may interfere with her needs
? Scoring for themes: nature of interplay and
conflict between needs and presses-type
of emotions elicited by the conflict how it
is resolved
? Scoring for outcome-comparative
strengths emanating from the hero,
strengths of the environment, amount of
hardship, frustration experienced, degree
of success and failure, happy and unhappy
endings.
Children appreciation test
? 3-10 age group
? 10 cards-Depict animal characters
? Should focus on identification of 10 characters
? Main theme
? Main hero
? Main needs and drives of hero
? Conception of the environment
? How figures are seen
? Significant conflicts
? Nature of anxieties
? Main defence against conflict and fears
Picture projective tests
? General purpose instrument with improved
psychometric qualities
? Section of 30 pictures
? Had to show a promise of eliciting meaningful
projective material
? Most but not all had to include more than one
human character
? About half of the pictures had to depict
affective expression, active poses.
Word association tests
? List of words is presented to a
subject who is asked to respond
with the first word or idea that
comes to his mind
? Many of the words appear to be
emotionally neutral
? Special interest are words that
tend to elicit personalized
reactions
? Amount of time taken before
beginning each response and the
response itself
Drawing tests
? Relevant for children as his thoughts and
feelings float into his drawings unwillingly
? Draw a person test-certain graphic
expressionsnwithin drawings reflect
personality characteristics.
? Asked to construct a person of the opposite
gender drawn
Verbal tests
? Story telling
? Sentence completion test: A person who
does not use lakes is being thoughtful of
? the ecosystem
? Projective questionnaire: situations totally
correlated to the job or organization are
given
? Painting tests:
? Great way of expressing negative emotions
re-ordering and re-evaluating the way we
express ourselves
? Helpful for children to talk about personal
problems
TYPING TEST
? Passage
? Scores-number of words typed per minute and number
of errors made
? Typing speed and accuracy
? Techniques of typing
? Touch typing: hands are placed over the keyboard in a
specific formation. position of the key is memorized
? Hunt and peck type:
? Buffer method: looks at the source copy, mentally
stores one or several sentences and then looks at the
keyboard and types.
Shorthand test
? Process of writing in shorthand-stenography
Need
1) To deliver long phone messages
2) Environments where audiorecorders are forbidden-track of
information.
3) Health professionals may use shorthand notes in medical
charts
Computer proficiency test:
Measure of knowledge and competency
Components:
Word processing;
Email
Internet skills
Spreadsheets
Database
Interviewing
Interviews may be defined as face to face
communication method for knowing some
information about the potential job candidates.
It is a process of collecting some information
whether the candidates like the job or not.
Under these processes, job seekers invited to
appear at the interview board with their
relevant academic and other qualification
records
Feature:
? Pre arranged and planned process
? Two way communication
? Purposefully designed
? Conversation
Objectives:
Judgement of application
Information about the application
Developing confidence

Types of Interviews
? Preliminary interview -
Informal interview
Unstructured interview
? Core interview
Back ground information interview
Stress interview
Formal and structured interview
Panel interview
Group interview
Job and probing interview
Depth interview
? Decision making interview
Advantages: for company
? Provide information
? Helps to select a right candidates
? Improves goodwill
? Helps in promotion and transfer
For Candidate:
? Provide employment opportunity
? Helps candidates to accept or reject

Disadvantages:
? Expensive
? Subject to bias and persona traits
ineffective in some areas
? demands skilled interviewers
? Difficulty to analyse
Interview process
Planning the interview
Getting started
Examining five interview areas
Examining strengths and weakness
Listing to what is being said
Digging for behavioural gold
Probing for specific
Using an interview check list
Allowing candidates to ask questions at the end
Explain procedures of selection and concluding with a happy note
Making decision
Planning the interview
? Choose the appropriate types of interview
methods
? Identify the knowledge, skill and administrative
arrangements
? Number of interview rounds
? Finalise the venue and interview coverage area
? Getting started
?Warm up
?Ground rules

FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
? The?general?intelligence,? g,?influences?the?
performance?on?all?mental?tasks,?while?another?
component?influences?abilities?on?a?particular?
task.
[7]
? Raven's Progressive Matrices?(often?referred?to?simply?as?Raven's
Matrices)?or?RPM?is?a?nonverbal?group?test?typically?used?in?
educational?settings.
? ?It?is?usually?a?60-item?test?used?in?measuring?abstract?reasoning?and?
regarded?as?a?non-verbal?estimate?of?fluid?intelligence.
[
? 1]
?It?is?the?most?common?and?popular?test?administered?to?groups?
ranging?from?5-year-olds?to?the?elderly.
[2]
? ?It?is?made?of?60?multiple?choice?questions,?listed?in?order?of?
difficulty.
[2
? ]
?This?format?is?designed?to?measure?the?test?taker's?reasoning?ability,?
the?eductive?("meaning-making")?component?of?Spearman's? g?( g?is?
often?referred?to?as?general?intelligence).?
? The?tests?were?originally?developed?by?John?C.?Raven?in?1936.
[3]
?In?
each?test?item,?the?subject?is?asked?to?identify?the?missing?element?
that?completes?a?pattern.
? ?Many?patterns?are?presented?in?the?form?of?a?6?6,?4?4,?3?3,?or?
2?2?matrix,?giving?the?test?its?name.
? All of the questions on the Raven's progressives
consist of visual geometric design with a missing
piece. The test taker is given six to eight choices to
pick from and fill in the missing piece.
[4]
? An IQ test item in the style of a Raven's
Progressive Matrices test. Given eight patterns,
the subject must identify the missing ninth
pattern
The Matrices are available in three different forms
for participants of different ability:
? Standard Progressive Matrices-This was
developed to assess a person?s intellectual ability
at the time of testing him with design or patterns.
? Person has to find relation between designs and
perform task. The booklet comprises five sets (A
to E) of 12 items each (e.g., A1 through A12),
? A and B-6 piece designs
? B & c-8 pieces of design. All items are presented
in black ink on a white background
? Coloured Progressive Matrices-Designed for
children aged 5 through 11 years-of-age, the
elderly, and mentally and physically impaired
individual participants.
? Tests the intellectual capacity of young
children and people.
? Coloured progressive matrixes-assess a
persons capacity of level of observation and
clear thinking
? This is a language free test
? The scale has two sets A and b and ab set
Advanced Progressive Matrices
? ?Persons?who?are?above?11?years?and?those?
who?are?above?average?in?mental?ability.
? Time?limit
? The?first?set?has?12?problems,2
nd
?set?contains?
48?items,?presented?as?one?set?of?12?(set?I),?
and?another?of?36?(set?II).?
Difference between individual test and
group test
Basic difference Individual test Group test
Sample size Small sample Ultra large samples
Format Open ended Multi choice
Examiner's role Significant role, Minimal role
Time factors More time consuming Less time consuming
Physical & personality test
? Physical abilities use tasks or abilities that
require physical ability to perform
? Measure physical attributes and characteristics
? Personality Assessment test:
? Personality means how people affect othersand
how they understand and view themselves as
well as their pattern of inner and outer
measurable traits and person situation
interaction
? Not a single characteristic; multidimensional in
nature with many interacting elements
Personality?assessment?test
? A?personality? test?is? a? questionnaire? or? other?
standardized? instrument? designed? to? reveal?
aspects? of? an? individual's? character? or?
psychological? makeup.? The? first?personality?
tests?were? developed? in? the? 1920s? and? were?
intended? to? ease? the? process? of? personnel?
selection,?particularly?in?the?armed?forces.?
? the?combination?of?characteristics?or?qualities?
that?form?an?individual's?distinctive?character.
Measuring personality:
? Personality rating methods
? Personality inventories
? Situational tests
? Projective methods
Personality rating methods
? Rating is a term applied or judgment regarding
some situation, object or character. Opinion
are usually expresses on a scale of values.
Rating techniques are derive which such
judgements may be quantified.
Rating scales:
?is a selected list of words , phrases , sentences or para
following which an observer records value or rating based
upon objective scale of values
? A rating scale is an instrument i.e. A list of questions
that is set to enable the reviewer to indicate the, size
or intensity of the underlying characteristics of a
person.
? Description of the characteristics ?clarity-rate
? Items on each scale must b described in such a way-to
know what they mean
? Items should be described in terms of behaviour
? The description of the personality
characteristic must be clear and we defined
? The item on each scale end must be described
? It should be concrete behaviour
Types?of?rating?scale:?
- Graphic?scale?
- A?straight?line?is?drawn?and?divided?into?many?parts?.?
Each?part-number?of?adjectives?are?written.
- Evaluator?has?to?mark?any?of?these.
- Length?of?the?line-5?inches
- 3-5?adjectives?are?used
- Division?on?the?line?should?be?equidistant
- Graphic?Rating?Scale?is?a?type?of?performance?
appraisal?method.?In?this?method?traits?or?behaviours?
that?are?important?for?effective?performance?are?listed?
out?and?each?employee?is?rated?against?these?traits.?
The?rating?helps?employers?to?quantify?the?behaviours?
displayed?by?its?employees.
? Numerical scale:
Marks as associated with certain indicators.
Data that are counted or measured using a
numerically defined method are called
numerical (quantitative).
Three point, five point seven point scale
? Ranking?order:?Statistical?technique,?rank?are?mentioned?in?the?
descending?order.?
? A?Rank?Order?scale?gives?the?respondent?a?set?of?items?and?asks?
them?to?put?the?items?in?some?form?oforder.?The?measure?of?
'order'?can?include?such?as?preference,?importance,?liking,?
effectiveness?and?so?on.?The?order?is?often?a?simple?ordinal?
structure?(A?is?higher?than?B)
? Paired?comparison?scale???each?person?compared?with?other?in?the?
group?
? The?Paired?Comparison?Scaling?is?a?comparative?scaling?technique?
wherein?the?respondent?is?shown?two?objects?at?the?same?time?and?
is?asked?to?select?one?according?to?the?defined?criterion.?
Rank order
Paired comparision
Forced choice scale
Forced choiced scale
? Forced choice refers to a specific format for
response options in survey questionnaires. In
a forced choice format, respondents are not
given a specific option to reflect a
"nonresponse" type choice, such as "no
opinion," "don't know," "not sure," or "not
applicable." Respondents must select a
response choice that provides a specific
answer to the survey item.
Rating interview-
The interviewing process often includes the use
of rating scales that the interviewers (also called
?raters?) use to evaluate the quality of the
interview and lead to some kind of
recommendation of the candidate for the job in
question.
Assess personality characteristicsof a subject on
a standardised rating scale.
Discusses worker?s achievement
? Situational tests: real life conditioning are
simulate
? Candidate?s spontaneous reactions will be
recorded
? It is done in a group and based on them
? It include role play, case studies, group
discussion

Types of situational test:
Derived from latin word socius ?social; metrum-
measure by Jacob L Moreno
Sociometry : the study of relationships within a
group of people.
Assess the positive and negative links between
persons within a group.
Sociometry is a way of measuring relationships
between people. Sociometric tests can include
variety of procedures used within social groups to
measure social status, popularity, peer
acceptance or rejection and reputation
Sociometry
? Used to evaluate group structure
? Measure amount of organization shown by
social group-sociometric test
? Made in respect to work, home , school
groups
? Determines position of each individual in a
group in which he has to function
CONSTRUCTION OF A SOCIOGRAM
A E F G
H
D
B I J
c K M
D is a star ?chosen by most of the members
J and g are unpopular
D serves as a bridge
ABCD has all channel communication
? Diagrammatic representation of patterns
showing interpersonal relationship
? This indicates choices, preferences, likes,
dislikes,interaction between individual
members in a group
? Gives a visual picture of sociometric structure
of a group
Various kinds of interaction in Sociometry test
? Social networks- a specific set of linkages among
defined set of people cluster
? Prescribed clusters- formal group within network
? Emergent clusters ? cluster of people who
temporarily align together to attain certain
objective
? Cliques- relatively permanent informal group
involving friendship
? Liaisons - individual who connect two or more
cluster but are no members of any cluster
? Bridges : connection as a linking pins by
belonging to two or more clusters
Importance of sociometry:
? Help to measure and build relationship
? Provide rich data
? Helps in group development
? Enhance group and individual perceptive
Psychodrama
?A body of philosophical, therapeutic,
educational, action based techniques-J.L
Moreno
- Action techniques in which individuals use
enactment to explore material that is
identified specific and personal to them.
Psychodrama is an action method, often used as
a psychotherapy, in which clients use
spontaneous dramatization, role playing, and
dramatic self-presentation to investigate and
gain insight into their lives.
Elements:
Stage- concrete situation within which protagonist story
can be brought to life
? Protagonist- is a person whose story is being enacted or
told. .
? the leading character or one of the major characters in a
play, film, novel, etc.
Director ? professional therapist who leads action and
planning.
He takes decisions involving what material
Auxiliary ego-is the position taken by other participants in a
role-playing exercise, or psychodrama, in order to simulate
particular situations for the protagonists.
role they take and what experience they bring to it.
Audience
Socio drama:
Variant of psychodrama
? A sociodrama is a dramatic play in which
several individuals spontaneously enact social
situations to understand situations more fully.
? Assign roles for the purpose of studying and
remedying problems in group or collective
relationships.
Enact various solutions to social problems.
? After each sociodrama, they have to debrief
an enactment and note what was learned.
? Brainstorm, problem solving and closure
Difference between Socio and
Psychodrama
PSYCHODRAMA SOCIOMETRY
EXPLORE INNER WORLD OF THE PERSON SOCIAL WORLD
INTRAPERSONAL INTERPERSONAL
Advantage of situational test:
Reveals personality characteristics
Superior to rating methods
Convenient
Useful in selection
Disadvantages:
Time consuming
Expensive
Personality inventories
? Francis Galton in 19
th
centaury
? Designed to assess the stable and enduring
characteristics of a person that may affect job
performance and workplace behavior.
? Inventories are known as questionnaires or scale
? Respondents are given list of statements in
standard order with fixed set of response
? Responses-assigned ratings to yield numerical
scores options
Types of inventories
? Bell adjustment inventory:
? Assesses individuals adjustment in variety of
situations
? Consists of 160 items & 4 subscales: home,
health, social, emotional
? High scores-poor adjustment; low scores-
better adjustment
Bernreuter test
? Robert G bernreuter-personality traits
? 125 questions-6 scales-B1N,B2S,B3-I,B4-D,F1C,
& F2S(BIPOLAR)
Personality characteristics of industrial and
other organisations
California Personality inventory
? *Created by Harrison Dough in 1956
? Purpose-to measure and evaluate an individual?s
interpersonal behavior and social interaction
? 434-true-false questions;18 scales
1. Measure of poise, ascendancy, self assurance and
interpersonal adequacy
2. Measure of socialization ,responsibility, intrapersonal
values, and character
3. Measure of achievement potiential & intellectual
efficiency
4. Measure of intellectual modes and interest modes
Minnesota personality scale
? Has separate forms for men and women
? Rates following aspects of personality
1. Morale
2. Social adjustment
3. Family relations
4. Emotionability-degree of stability
5. Used for last 2yrs of high school, college and
sometimes adults
6. Five choices-agree, strongly agree, undecided,
disagree,strongly disagree
? Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory
? 550 items, item is printed on separate card
? Inventory-indicates personality traits of the
individual
? One has to respond to questions with answers
?yes, no ,doubtful in the box provided.
? Responses are evaluated
Cornell index
? Standardised questionnaire for males only
? 101 items fall into 2 categories
1. Those differentiating sharply between persons
with serious personality disorders
(Does worrying continually get you down)
2. Those concerned with bodily symptoms-trouble
with food digestion
Response should be ?yes or no?
Effective in showing presence of anxiety states,
migraine,peptic ulcers, convulsive disorders,
asthma
Myer?briggs?type?indicator
? Based?on?Carl?jung?s?theory?of?personality
? Useful?in?promoting?personal?growth,?self?awareness,?
leadership?skills,?team?building,?career?development,?and?
improved?interpersonal?skills.
? Yields?scores?on?4??bipolar?dimensions:
1. Introversion-extroversion
2. Sensing-intuition- Sensing?and? intuition?are?the?
information-gathering?(perceiving)?functions.
3. Thinking-feeling-are?the?decision-making?(judging)?
functions.?Based?on?the?data?received?from?their?
information-gathering?functions
Subjective Objective
Perception Intuition/Sensing
Judging Feeling/Thinking
? Introversion?(thinking?things?through)?more?than?Extraversion?
(interacting?with?people)
? Sensing?(perceiving?tangible?facts)?more?than?iNtuition?
(perceiving?new?possibilities)
? Feeling?(making?decisions?using?subjective?values)?more?than?
Thinking?(making?decisions?using?objective?logic)
? Judgement?(an?organised?lifestyle)?more?than?Perception?(a?
flexible?lifestyle)
ISTJ ISFJ INFJ INTJ
ISTP ISFP INFP INTP
ESTP ESFP ENFP ENTP
ESTJ ESFJ ENFJ ENTJ
Myers-Briggs Types
Projective?methods
? A? projective?test?is?a?personality?test?designed?to?
let?a?person?respond?to?ambiguous?stimuli,?
presumably?revealing?hidden?emotions?and?
internal?conflicts?projected?by?the?person?into?the?
test
? Assess?the?way?people?respond?and?interpret?
inkblote?and?pictures?in?which?motives?and?
feelings?are?not?clear.
? This?is?a?sign?of?projection?of?their?own?
uncontrollable?feelings,?emotion,?personality??
characteristics
Rorschach Ink blot test
? Herman Rorschach-1921.
? determines the emotional and impulsive tendencies.
? Possible mental disturbance , introversion and
intelligence can be deduced
? Gives total image of testee?s personality
? Test composed of 10 cards on which inkblots appear
? Five inkblots are of black ink, two are of black and red
ink and three are multicolored, on a white background.
? Tester shows cards to the testee one by one and tests
responds what each card portrays
? Tester notes verbal responses(silences , time taken to
respond , how he holds the card , non-verbal behavior)
In next stage-what characteristics of
inkblots led to his responses which are
then noted, categorized &evaluated
on factors such as:
1. Observation and movement testee
has discerned from cards
2. Contents ascribed to inkblots-What
the inkblots represent
3. Light and shadow observed by
testee
4. Texture of the shapes that have
been observed-hair, skin
5. Responses are analysed
quantitatively and qualitatively
Thematic appreciation test
? Murray and morgon
? Individual is confronted with a situation and required
to make a imaginary story and reveal his personality
? The complete version of the test contains 32 picture
cards. Some of the cards show male figures, some
female, some both male and female figures, some of
ambiguous gender, some adults, some children, and
some show no human figures at all.
? One card is completely blank and is used to elicit both
a scene and a story about the given scene from the
storyteller
? The subject is asked to tell as dramatic a story as they can for
each picture presented, including the following:
? what has led up to the event shown
? what is happening at the moment
? what the characters are feeling and thinking
? what the outcome of the story was
? May be administered individually or in a group
? Each of these scoring categories attempts to measure the
following information:
? ?Story Design measures an individual?s ability to identify and
formulate a problem situation.
?Story Orientation assesses an examinees level of personal
control, emotional distress, confidence and motivation.
?Story Solutions assesses how impulsive an examinee is. In
addition to evaluating the types of problem solutions that are
provided, the number of problem solutions that examinees
provide for each of the TAT cards is summed.
? Story Resolution provides information on the examinees
ability to formulate problem solutions that maximize both
short and long-term goals.
5 different aspects
? Hero-When there is a older and younger
women it is clear younger is hero
? Need of the hero : identify needs motives ,
desires of the hero
? Identifies the presses: Any environmental
factor that may interfere with her needs
? Scoring for themes: nature of interplay and
conflict between needs and presses-type
of emotions elicited by the conflict how it
is resolved
? Scoring for outcome-comparative
strengths emanating from the hero,
strengths of the environment, amount of
hardship, frustration experienced, degree
of success and failure, happy and unhappy
endings.
Children appreciation test
? 3-10 age group
? 10 cards-Depict animal characters
? Should focus on identification of 10 characters
? Main theme
? Main hero
? Main needs and drives of hero
? Conception of the environment
? How figures are seen
? Significant conflicts
? Nature of anxieties
? Main defence against conflict and fears
Picture projective tests
? General purpose instrument with improved
psychometric qualities
? Section of 30 pictures
? Had to show a promise of eliciting meaningful
projective material
? Most but not all had to include more than one
human character
? About half of the pictures had to depict
affective expression, active poses.
Word association tests
? List of words is presented to a
subject who is asked to respond
with the first word or idea that
comes to his mind
? Many of the words appear to be
emotionally neutral
? Special interest are words that
tend to elicit personalized
reactions
? Amount of time taken before
beginning each response and the
response itself
Drawing tests
? Relevant for children as his thoughts and
feelings float into his drawings unwillingly
? Draw a person test-certain graphic
expressionsnwithin drawings reflect
personality characteristics.
? Asked to construct a person of the opposite
gender drawn
Verbal tests
? Story telling
? Sentence completion test: A person who
does not use lakes is being thoughtful of
? the ecosystem
? Projective questionnaire: situations totally
correlated to the job or organization are
given
? Painting tests:
? Great way of expressing negative emotions
re-ordering and re-evaluating the way we
express ourselves
? Helpful for children to talk about personal
problems
TYPING TEST
? Passage
? Scores-number of words typed per minute and number
of errors made
? Typing speed and accuracy
? Techniques of typing
? Touch typing: hands are placed over the keyboard in a
specific formation. position of the key is memorized
? Hunt and peck type:
? Buffer method: looks at the source copy, mentally
stores one or several sentences and then looks at the
keyboard and types.
Shorthand test
? Process of writing in shorthand-stenography
Need
1) To deliver long phone messages
2) Environments where audiorecorders are forbidden-track of
information.
3) Health professionals may use shorthand notes in medical
charts
Computer proficiency test:
Measure of knowledge and competency
Components:
Word processing;
Email
Internet skills
Spreadsheets
Database
Interviewing
Interviews may be defined as face to face
communication method for knowing some
information about the potential job candidates.
It is a process of collecting some information
whether the candidates like the job or not.
Under these processes, job seekers invited to
appear at the interview board with their
relevant academic and other qualification
records
Feature:
? Pre arranged and planned process
? Two way communication
? Purposefully designed
? Conversation
Objectives:
Judgement of application
Information about the application
Developing confidence

Types of Interviews
? Preliminary interview -
Informal interview
Unstructured interview
? Core interview
Back ground information interview
Stress interview
Formal and structured interview
Panel interview
Group interview
Job and probing interview
Depth interview
? Decision making interview
Advantages: for company
? Provide information
? Helps to select a right candidates
? Improves goodwill
? Helps in promotion and transfer
For Candidate:
? Provide employment opportunity
? Helps candidates to accept or reject

Disadvantages:
? Expensive
? Subject to bias and persona traits
ineffective in some areas
? demands skilled interviewers
? Difficulty to analyse
Interview process
Planning the interview
Getting started
Examining five interview areas
Examining strengths and weakness
Listing to what is being said
Digging for behavioural gold
Probing for specific
Using an interview check list
Allowing candidates to ask questions at the end
Explain procedures of selection and concluding with a happy note
Making decision
Planning the interview
? Choose the appropriate types of interview
methods
? Identify the knowledge, skill and administrative
arrangements
? Number of interview rounds
? Finalise the venue and interview coverage area
? Getting started
?Warm up
?Ground rules

Examining 5 interview areas ? Work experience
? Education
? Career goals and objective
? Specific opportunity
? Personal life hobbies
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
? The?general?intelligence,? g,?influences?the?
performance?on?all?mental?tasks,?while?another?
component?influences?abilities?on?a?particular?
task.
[7]
? Raven's Progressive Matrices?(often?referred?to?simply?as?Raven's
Matrices)?or?RPM?is?a?nonverbal?group?test?typically?used?in?
educational?settings.
? ?It?is?usually?a?60-item?test?used?in?measuring?abstract?reasoning?and?
regarded?as?a?non-verbal?estimate?of?fluid?intelligence.
[
? 1]
?It?is?the?most?common?and?popular?test?administered?to?groups?
ranging?from?5-year-olds?to?the?elderly.
[2]
? ?It?is?made?of?60?multiple?choice?questions,?listed?in?order?of?
difficulty.
[2
? ]
?This?format?is?designed?to?measure?the?test?taker's?reasoning?ability,?
the?eductive?("meaning-making")?component?of?Spearman's? g?( g?is?
often?referred?to?as?general?intelligence).?
? The?tests?were?originally?developed?by?John?C.?Raven?in?1936.
[3]
?In?
each?test?item,?the?subject?is?asked?to?identify?the?missing?element?
that?completes?a?pattern.
? ?Many?patterns?are?presented?in?the?form?of?a?6?6,?4?4,?3?3,?or?
2?2?matrix,?giving?the?test?its?name.
? All of the questions on the Raven's progressives
consist of visual geometric design with a missing
piece. The test taker is given six to eight choices to
pick from and fill in the missing piece.
[4]
? An IQ test item in the style of a Raven's
Progressive Matrices test. Given eight patterns,
the subject must identify the missing ninth
pattern
The Matrices are available in three different forms
for participants of different ability:
? Standard Progressive Matrices-This was
developed to assess a person?s intellectual ability
at the time of testing him with design or patterns.
? Person has to find relation between designs and
perform task. The booklet comprises five sets (A
to E) of 12 items each (e.g., A1 through A12),
? A and B-6 piece designs
? B & c-8 pieces of design. All items are presented
in black ink on a white background
? Coloured Progressive Matrices-Designed for
children aged 5 through 11 years-of-age, the
elderly, and mentally and physically impaired
individual participants.
? Tests the intellectual capacity of young
children and people.
? Coloured progressive matrixes-assess a
persons capacity of level of observation and
clear thinking
? This is a language free test
? The scale has two sets A and b and ab set
Advanced Progressive Matrices
? ?Persons?who?are?above?11?years?and?those?
who?are?above?average?in?mental?ability.
? Time?limit
? The?first?set?has?12?problems,2
nd
?set?contains?
48?items,?presented?as?one?set?of?12?(set?I),?
and?another?of?36?(set?II).?
Difference between individual test and
group test
Basic difference Individual test Group test
Sample size Small sample Ultra large samples
Format Open ended Multi choice
Examiner's role Significant role, Minimal role
Time factors More time consuming Less time consuming
Physical & personality test
? Physical abilities use tasks or abilities that
require physical ability to perform
? Measure physical attributes and characteristics
? Personality Assessment test:
? Personality means how people affect othersand
how they understand and view themselves as
well as their pattern of inner and outer
measurable traits and person situation
interaction
? Not a single characteristic; multidimensional in
nature with many interacting elements
Personality?assessment?test
? A?personality? test?is? a? questionnaire? or? other?
standardized? instrument? designed? to? reveal?
aspects? of? an? individual's? character? or?
psychological? makeup.? The? first?personality?
tests?were? developed? in? the? 1920s? and? were?
intended? to? ease? the? process? of? personnel?
selection,?particularly?in?the?armed?forces.?
? the?combination?of?characteristics?or?qualities?
that?form?an?individual's?distinctive?character.
Measuring personality:
? Personality rating methods
? Personality inventories
? Situational tests
? Projective methods
Personality rating methods
? Rating is a term applied or judgment regarding
some situation, object or character. Opinion
are usually expresses on a scale of values.
Rating techniques are derive which such
judgements may be quantified.
Rating scales:
?is a selected list of words , phrases , sentences or para
following which an observer records value or rating based
upon objective scale of values
? A rating scale is an instrument i.e. A list of questions
that is set to enable the reviewer to indicate the, size
or intensity of the underlying characteristics of a
person.
? Description of the characteristics ?clarity-rate
? Items on each scale must b described in such a way-to
know what they mean
? Items should be described in terms of behaviour
? The description of the personality
characteristic must be clear and we defined
? The item on each scale end must be described
? It should be concrete behaviour
Types?of?rating?scale:?
- Graphic?scale?
- A?straight?line?is?drawn?and?divided?into?many?parts?.?
Each?part-number?of?adjectives?are?written.
- Evaluator?has?to?mark?any?of?these.
- Length?of?the?line-5?inches
- 3-5?adjectives?are?used
- Division?on?the?line?should?be?equidistant
- Graphic?Rating?Scale?is?a?type?of?performance?
appraisal?method.?In?this?method?traits?or?behaviours?
that?are?important?for?effective?performance?are?listed?
out?and?each?employee?is?rated?against?these?traits.?
The?rating?helps?employers?to?quantify?the?behaviours?
displayed?by?its?employees.
? Numerical scale:
Marks as associated with certain indicators.
Data that are counted or measured using a
numerically defined method are called
numerical (quantitative).
Three point, five point seven point scale
? Ranking?order:?Statistical?technique,?rank?are?mentioned?in?the?
descending?order.?
? A?Rank?Order?scale?gives?the?respondent?a?set?of?items?and?asks?
them?to?put?the?items?in?some?form?oforder.?The?measure?of?
'order'?can?include?such?as?preference,?importance,?liking,?
effectiveness?and?so?on.?The?order?is?often?a?simple?ordinal?
structure?(A?is?higher?than?B)
? Paired?comparison?scale???each?person?compared?with?other?in?the?
group?
? The?Paired?Comparison?Scaling?is?a?comparative?scaling?technique?
wherein?the?respondent?is?shown?two?objects?at?the?same?time?and?
is?asked?to?select?one?according?to?the?defined?criterion.?
Rank order
Paired comparision
Forced choice scale
Forced choiced scale
? Forced choice refers to a specific format for
response options in survey questionnaires. In
a forced choice format, respondents are not
given a specific option to reflect a
"nonresponse" type choice, such as "no
opinion," "don't know," "not sure," or "not
applicable." Respondents must select a
response choice that provides a specific
answer to the survey item.
Rating interview-
The interviewing process often includes the use
of rating scales that the interviewers (also called
?raters?) use to evaluate the quality of the
interview and lead to some kind of
recommendation of the candidate for the job in
question.
Assess personality characteristicsof a subject on
a standardised rating scale.
Discusses worker?s achievement
? Situational tests: real life conditioning are
simulate
? Candidate?s spontaneous reactions will be
recorded
? It is done in a group and based on them
? It include role play, case studies, group
discussion

Types of situational test:
Derived from latin word socius ?social; metrum-
measure by Jacob L Moreno
Sociometry : the study of relationships within a
group of people.
Assess the positive and negative links between
persons within a group.
Sociometry is a way of measuring relationships
between people. Sociometric tests can include
variety of procedures used within social groups to
measure social status, popularity, peer
acceptance or rejection and reputation
Sociometry
? Used to evaluate group structure
? Measure amount of organization shown by
social group-sociometric test
? Made in respect to work, home , school
groups
? Determines position of each individual in a
group in which he has to function
CONSTRUCTION OF A SOCIOGRAM
A E F G
H
D
B I J
c K M
D is a star ?chosen by most of the members
J and g are unpopular
D serves as a bridge
ABCD has all channel communication
? Diagrammatic representation of patterns
showing interpersonal relationship
? This indicates choices, preferences, likes,
dislikes,interaction between individual
members in a group
? Gives a visual picture of sociometric structure
of a group
Various kinds of interaction in Sociometry test
? Social networks- a specific set of linkages among
defined set of people cluster
? Prescribed clusters- formal group within network
? Emergent clusters ? cluster of people who
temporarily align together to attain certain
objective
? Cliques- relatively permanent informal group
involving friendship
? Liaisons - individual who connect two or more
cluster but are no members of any cluster
? Bridges : connection as a linking pins by
belonging to two or more clusters
Importance of sociometry:
? Help to measure and build relationship
? Provide rich data
? Helps in group development
? Enhance group and individual perceptive
Psychodrama
?A body of philosophical, therapeutic,
educational, action based techniques-J.L
Moreno
- Action techniques in which individuals use
enactment to explore material that is
identified specific and personal to them.
Psychodrama is an action method, often used as
a psychotherapy, in which clients use
spontaneous dramatization, role playing, and
dramatic self-presentation to investigate and
gain insight into their lives.
Elements:
Stage- concrete situation within which protagonist story
can be brought to life
? Protagonist- is a person whose story is being enacted or
told. .
? the leading character or one of the major characters in a
play, film, novel, etc.
Director ? professional therapist who leads action and
planning.
He takes decisions involving what material
Auxiliary ego-is the position taken by other participants in a
role-playing exercise, or psychodrama, in order to simulate
particular situations for the protagonists.
role they take and what experience they bring to it.
Audience
Socio drama:
Variant of psychodrama
? A sociodrama is a dramatic play in which
several individuals spontaneously enact social
situations to understand situations more fully.
? Assign roles for the purpose of studying and
remedying problems in group or collective
relationships.
Enact various solutions to social problems.
? After each sociodrama, they have to debrief
an enactment and note what was learned.
? Brainstorm, problem solving and closure
Difference between Socio and
Psychodrama
PSYCHODRAMA SOCIOMETRY
EXPLORE INNER WORLD OF THE PERSON SOCIAL WORLD
INTRAPERSONAL INTERPERSONAL
Advantage of situational test:
Reveals personality characteristics
Superior to rating methods
Convenient
Useful in selection
Disadvantages:
Time consuming
Expensive
Personality inventories
? Francis Galton in 19
th
centaury
? Designed to assess the stable and enduring
characteristics of a person that may affect job
performance and workplace behavior.
? Inventories are known as questionnaires or scale
? Respondents are given list of statements in
standard order with fixed set of response
? Responses-assigned ratings to yield numerical
scores options
Types of inventories
? Bell adjustment inventory:
? Assesses individuals adjustment in variety of
situations
? Consists of 160 items & 4 subscales: home,
health, social, emotional
? High scores-poor adjustment; low scores-
better adjustment
Bernreuter test
? Robert G bernreuter-personality traits
? 125 questions-6 scales-B1N,B2S,B3-I,B4-D,F1C,
& F2S(BIPOLAR)
Personality characteristics of industrial and
other organisations
California Personality inventory
? *Created by Harrison Dough in 1956
? Purpose-to measure and evaluate an individual?s
interpersonal behavior and social interaction
? 434-true-false questions;18 scales
1. Measure of poise, ascendancy, self assurance and
interpersonal adequacy
2. Measure of socialization ,responsibility, intrapersonal
values, and character
3. Measure of achievement potiential & intellectual
efficiency
4. Measure of intellectual modes and interest modes
Minnesota personality scale
? Has separate forms for men and women
? Rates following aspects of personality
1. Morale
2. Social adjustment
3. Family relations
4. Emotionability-degree of stability
5. Used for last 2yrs of high school, college and
sometimes adults
6. Five choices-agree, strongly agree, undecided,
disagree,strongly disagree
? Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory
? 550 items, item is printed on separate card
? Inventory-indicates personality traits of the
individual
? One has to respond to questions with answers
?yes, no ,doubtful in the box provided.
? Responses are evaluated
Cornell index
? Standardised questionnaire for males only
? 101 items fall into 2 categories
1. Those differentiating sharply between persons
with serious personality disorders
(Does worrying continually get you down)
2. Those concerned with bodily symptoms-trouble
with food digestion
Response should be ?yes or no?
Effective in showing presence of anxiety states,
migraine,peptic ulcers, convulsive disorders,
asthma
Myer?briggs?type?indicator
? Based?on?Carl?jung?s?theory?of?personality
? Useful?in?promoting?personal?growth,?self?awareness,?
leadership?skills,?team?building,?career?development,?and?
improved?interpersonal?skills.
? Yields?scores?on?4??bipolar?dimensions:
1. Introversion-extroversion
2. Sensing-intuition- Sensing?and? intuition?are?the?
information-gathering?(perceiving)?functions.
3. Thinking-feeling-are?the?decision-making?(judging)?
functions.?Based?on?the?data?received?from?their?
information-gathering?functions
Subjective Objective
Perception Intuition/Sensing
Judging Feeling/Thinking
? Introversion?(thinking?things?through)?more?than?Extraversion?
(interacting?with?people)
? Sensing?(perceiving?tangible?facts)?more?than?iNtuition?
(perceiving?new?possibilities)
? Feeling?(making?decisions?using?subjective?values)?more?than?
Thinking?(making?decisions?using?objective?logic)
? Judgement?(an?organised?lifestyle)?more?than?Perception?(a?
flexible?lifestyle)
ISTJ ISFJ INFJ INTJ
ISTP ISFP INFP INTP
ESTP ESFP ENFP ENTP
ESTJ ESFJ ENFJ ENTJ
Myers-Briggs Types
Projective?methods
? A? projective?test?is?a?personality?test?designed?to?
let?a?person?respond?to?ambiguous?stimuli,?
presumably?revealing?hidden?emotions?and?
internal?conflicts?projected?by?the?person?into?the?
test
? Assess?the?way?people?respond?and?interpret?
inkblote?and?pictures?in?which?motives?and?
feelings?are?not?clear.
? This?is?a?sign?of?projection?of?their?own?
uncontrollable?feelings,?emotion,?personality??
characteristics
Rorschach Ink blot test
? Herman Rorschach-1921.
? determines the emotional and impulsive tendencies.
? Possible mental disturbance , introversion and
intelligence can be deduced
? Gives total image of testee?s personality
? Test composed of 10 cards on which inkblots appear
? Five inkblots are of black ink, two are of black and red
ink and three are multicolored, on a white background.
? Tester shows cards to the testee one by one and tests
responds what each card portrays
? Tester notes verbal responses(silences , time taken to
respond , how he holds the card , non-verbal behavior)
In next stage-what characteristics of
inkblots led to his responses which are
then noted, categorized &evaluated
on factors such as:
1. Observation and movement testee
has discerned from cards
2. Contents ascribed to inkblots-What
the inkblots represent
3. Light and shadow observed by
testee
4. Texture of the shapes that have
been observed-hair, skin
5. Responses are analysed
quantitatively and qualitatively
Thematic appreciation test
? Murray and morgon
? Individual is confronted with a situation and required
to make a imaginary story and reveal his personality
? The complete version of the test contains 32 picture
cards. Some of the cards show male figures, some
female, some both male and female figures, some of
ambiguous gender, some adults, some children, and
some show no human figures at all.
? One card is completely blank and is used to elicit both
a scene and a story about the given scene from the
storyteller
? The subject is asked to tell as dramatic a story as they can for
each picture presented, including the following:
? what has led up to the event shown
? what is happening at the moment
? what the characters are feeling and thinking
? what the outcome of the story was
? May be administered individually or in a group
? Each of these scoring categories attempts to measure the
following information:
? ?Story Design measures an individual?s ability to identify and
formulate a problem situation.
?Story Orientation assesses an examinees level of personal
control, emotional distress, confidence and motivation.
?Story Solutions assesses how impulsive an examinee is. In
addition to evaluating the types of problem solutions that are
provided, the number of problem solutions that examinees
provide for each of the TAT cards is summed.
? Story Resolution provides information on the examinees
ability to formulate problem solutions that maximize both
short and long-term goals.
5 different aspects
? Hero-When there is a older and younger
women it is clear younger is hero
? Need of the hero : identify needs motives ,
desires of the hero
? Identifies the presses: Any environmental
factor that may interfere with her needs
? Scoring for themes: nature of interplay and
conflict between needs and presses-type
of emotions elicited by the conflict how it
is resolved
? Scoring for outcome-comparative
strengths emanating from the hero,
strengths of the environment, amount of
hardship, frustration experienced, degree
of success and failure, happy and unhappy
endings.
Children appreciation test
? 3-10 age group
? 10 cards-Depict animal characters
? Should focus on identification of 10 characters
? Main theme
? Main hero
? Main needs and drives of hero
? Conception of the environment
? How figures are seen
? Significant conflicts
? Nature of anxieties
? Main defence against conflict and fears
Picture projective tests
? General purpose instrument with improved
psychometric qualities
? Section of 30 pictures
? Had to show a promise of eliciting meaningful
projective material
? Most but not all had to include more than one
human character
? About half of the pictures had to depict
affective expression, active poses.
Word association tests
? List of words is presented to a
subject who is asked to respond
with the first word or idea that
comes to his mind
? Many of the words appear to be
emotionally neutral
? Special interest are words that
tend to elicit personalized
reactions
? Amount of time taken before
beginning each response and the
response itself
Drawing tests
? Relevant for children as his thoughts and
feelings float into his drawings unwillingly
? Draw a person test-certain graphic
expressionsnwithin drawings reflect
personality characteristics.
? Asked to construct a person of the opposite
gender drawn
Verbal tests
? Story telling
? Sentence completion test: A person who
does not use lakes is being thoughtful of
? the ecosystem
? Projective questionnaire: situations totally
correlated to the job or organization are
given
? Painting tests:
? Great way of expressing negative emotions
re-ordering and re-evaluating the way we
express ourselves
? Helpful for children to talk about personal
problems
TYPING TEST
? Passage
? Scores-number of words typed per minute and number
of errors made
? Typing speed and accuracy
? Techniques of typing
? Touch typing: hands are placed over the keyboard in a
specific formation. position of the key is memorized
? Hunt and peck type:
? Buffer method: looks at the source copy, mentally
stores one or several sentences and then looks at the
keyboard and types.
Shorthand test
? Process of writing in shorthand-stenography
Need
1) To deliver long phone messages
2) Environments where audiorecorders are forbidden-track of
information.
3) Health professionals may use shorthand notes in medical
charts
Computer proficiency test:
Measure of knowledge and competency
Components:
Word processing;
Email
Internet skills
Spreadsheets
Database
Interviewing
Interviews may be defined as face to face
communication method for knowing some
information about the potential job candidates.
It is a process of collecting some information
whether the candidates like the job or not.
Under these processes, job seekers invited to
appear at the interview board with their
relevant academic and other qualification
records
Feature:
? Pre arranged and planned process
? Two way communication
? Purposefully designed
? Conversation
Objectives:
Judgement of application
Information about the application
Developing confidence

Types of Interviews
? Preliminary interview -
Informal interview
Unstructured interview
? Core interview
Back ground information interview
Stress interview
Formal and structured interview
Panel interview
Group interview
Job and probing interview
Depth interview
? Decision making interview
Advantages: for company
? Provide information
? Helps to select a right candidates
? Improves goodwill
? Helps in promotion and transfer
For Candidate:
? Provide employment opportunity
? Helps candidates to accept or reject

Disadvantages:
? Expensive
? Subject to bias and persona traits
ineffective in some areas
? demands skilled interviewers
? Difficulty to analyse
Interview process
Planning the interview
Getting started
Examining five interview areas
Examining strengths and weakness
Listing to what is being said
Digging for behavioural gold
Probing for specific
Using an interview check list
Allowing candidates to ask questions at the end
Explain procedures of selection and concluding with a happy note
Making decision
Planning the interview
? Choose the appropriate types of interview
methods
? Identify the knowledge, skill and administrative
arrangements
? Number of interview rounds
? Finalise the venue and interview coverage area
? Getting started
?Warm up
?Ground rules

Examining 5 interview areas ? Work experience
? Education
? Career goals and objective
? Specific opportunity
? Personal life hobbies
Examining strength and weakness
? Strengths
? Weakness
? Why is should hire you?
? Self development
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
? The?general?intelligence,? g,?influences?the?
performance?on?all?mental?tasks,?while?another?
component?influences?abilities?on?a?particular?
task.
[7]
? Raven's Progressive Matrices?(often?referred?to?simply?as?Raven's
Matrices)?or?RPM?is?a?nonverbal?group?test?typically?used?in?
educational?settings.
? ?It?is?usually?a?60-item?test?used?in?measuring?abstract?reasoning?and?
regarded?as?a?non-verbal?estimate?of?fluid?intelligence.
[
? 1]
?It?is?the?most?common?and?popular?test?administered?to?groups?
ranging?from?5-year-olds?to?the?elderly.
[2]
? ?It?is?made?of?60?multiple?choice?questions,?listed?in?order?of?
difficulty.
[2
? ]
?This?format?is?designed?to?measure?the?test?taker's?reasoning?ability,?
the?eductive?("meaning-making")?component?of?Spearman's? g?( g?is?
often?referred?to?as?general?intelligence).?
? The?tests?were?originally?developed?by?John?C.?Raven?in?1936.
[3]
?In?
each?test?item,?the?subject?is?asked?to?identify?the?missing?element?
that?completes?a?pattern.
? ?Many?patterns?are?presented?in?the?form?of?a?6?6,?4?4,?3?3,?or?
2?2?matrix,?giving?the?test?its?name.
? All of the questions on the Raven's progressives
consist of visual geometric design with a missing
piece. The test taker is given six to eight choices to
pick from and fill in the missing piece.
[4]
? An IQ test item in the style of a Raven's
Progressive Matrices test. Given eight patterns,
the subject must identify the missing ninth
pattern
The Matrices are available in three different forms
for participants of different ability:
? Standard Progressive Matrices-This was
developed to assess a person?s intellectual ability
at the time of testing him with design or patterns.
? Person has to find relation between designs and
perform task. The booklet comprises five sets (A
to E) of 12 items each (e.g., A1 through A12),
? A and B-6 piece designs
? B & c-8 pieces of design. All items are presented
in black ink on a white background
? Coloured Progressive Matrices-Designed for
children aged 5 through 11 years-of-age, the
elderly, and mentally and physically impaired
individual participants.
? Tests the intellectual capacity of young
children and people.
? Coloured progressive matrixes-assess a
persons capacity of level of observation and
clear thinking
? This is a language free test
? The scale has two sets A and b and ab set
Advanced Progressive Matrices
? ?Persons?who?are?above?11?years?and?those?
who?are?above?average?in?mental?ability.
? Time?limit
? The?first?set?has?12?problems,2
nd
?set?contains?
48?items,?presented?as?one?set?of?12?(set?I),?
and?another?of?36?(set?II).?
Difference between individual test and
group test
Basic difference Individual test Group test
Sample size Small sample Ultra large samples
Format Open ended Multi choice
Examiner's role Significant role, Minimal role
Time factors More time consuming Less time consuming
Physical & personality test
? Physical abilities use tasks or abilities that
require physical ability to perform
? Measure physical attributes and characteristics
? Personality Assessment test:
? Personality means how people affect othersand
how they understand and view themselves as
well as their pattern of inner and outer
measurable traits and person situation
interaction
? Not a single characteristic; multidimensional in
nature with many interacting elements
Personality?assessment?test
? A?personality? test?is? a? questionnaire? or? other?
standardized? instrument? designed? to? reveal?
aspects? of? an? individual's? character? or?
psychological? makeup.? The? first?personality?
tests?were? developed? in? the? 1920s? and? were?
intended? to? ease? the? process? of? personnel?
selection,?particularly?in?the?armed?forces.?
? the?combination?of?characteristics?or?qualities?
that?form?an?individual's?distinctive?character.
Measuring personality:
? Personality rating methods
? Personality inventories
? Situational tests
? Projective methods
Personality rating methods
? Rating is a term applied or judgment regarding
some situation, object or character. Opinion
are usually expresses on a scale of values.
Rating techniques are derive which such
judgements may be quantified.
Rating scales:
?is a selected list of words , phrases , sentences or para
following which an observer records value or rating based
upon objective scale of values
? A rating scale is an instrument i.e. A list of questions
that is set to enable the reviewer to indicate the, size
or intensity of the underlying characteristics of a
person.
? Description of the characteristics ?clarity-rate
? Items on each scale must b described in such a way-to
know what they mean
? Items should be described in terms of behaviour
? The description of the personality
characteristic must be clear and we defined
? The item on each scale end must be described
? It should be concrete behaviour
Types?of?rating?scale:?
- Graphic?scale?
- A?straight?line?is?drawn?and?divided?into?many?parts?.?
Each?part-number?of?adjectives?are?written.
- Evaluator?has?to?mark?any?of?these.
- Length?of?the?line-5?inches
- 3-5?adjectives?are?used
- Division?on?the?line?should?be?equidistant
- Graphic?Rating?Scale?is?a?type?of?performance?
appraisal?method.?In?this?method?traits?or?behaviours?
that?are?important?for?effective?performance?are?listed?
out?and?each?employee?is?rated?against?these?traits.?
The?rating?helps?employers?to?quantify?the?behaviours?
displayed?by?its?employees.
? Numerical scale:
Marks as associated with certain indicators.
Data that are counted or measured using a
numerically defined method are called
numerical (quantitative).
Three point, five point seven point scale
? Ranking?order:?Statistical?technique,?rank?are?mentioned?in?the?
descending?order.?
? A?Rank?Order?scale?gives?the?respondent?a?set?of?items?and?asks?
them?to?put?the?items?in?some?form?oforder.?The?measure?of?
'order'?can?include?such?as?preference,?importance,?liking,?
effectiveness?and?so?on.?The?order?is?often?a?simple?ordinal?
structure?(A?is?higher?than?B)
? Paired?comparison?scale???each?person?compared?with?other?in?the?
group?
? The?Paired?Comparison?Scaling?is?a?comparative?scaling?technique?
wherein?the?respondent?is?shown?two?objects?at?the?same?time?and?
is?asked?to?select?one?according?to?the?defined?criterion.?
Rank order
Paired comparision
Forced choice scale
Forced choiced scale
? Forced choice refers to a specific format for
response options in survey questionnaires. In
a forced choice format, respondents are not
given a specific option to reflect a
"nonresponse" type choice, such as "no
opinion," "don't know," "not sure," or "not
applicable." Respondents must select a
response choice that provides a specific
answer to the survey item.
Rating interview-
The interviewing process often includes the use
of rating scales that the interviewers (also called
?raters?) use to evaluate the quality of the
interview and lead to some kind of
recommendation of the candidate for the job in
question.
Assess personality characteristicsof a subject on
a standardised rating scale.
Discusses worker?s achievement
? Situational tests: real life conditioning are
simulate
? Candidate?s spontaneous reactions will be
recorded
? It is done in a group and based on them
? It include role play, case studies, group
discussion

Types of situational test:
Derived from latin word socius ?social; metrum-
measure by Jacob L Moreno
Sociometry : the study of relationships within a
group of people.
Assess the positive and negative links between
persons within a group.
Sociometry is a way of measuring relationships
between people. Sociometric tests can include
variety of procedures used within social groups to
measure social status, popularity, peer
acceptance or rejection and reputation
Sociometry
? Used to evaluate group structure
? Measure amount of organization shown by
social group-sociometric test
? Made in respect to work, home , school
groups
? Determines position of each individual in a
group in which he has to function
CONSTRUCTION OF A SOCIOGRAM
A E F G
H
D
B I J
c K M
D is a star ?chosen by most of the members
J and g are unpopular
D serves as a bridge
ABCD has all channel communication
? Diagrammatic representation of patterns
showing interpersonal relationship
? This indicates choices, preferences, likes,
dislikes,interaction between individual
members in a group
? Gives a visual picture of sociometric structure
of a group
Various kinds of interaction in Sociometry test
? Social networks- a specific set of linkages among
defined set of people cluster
? Prescribed clusters- formal group within network
? Emergent clusters ? cluster of people who
temporarily align together to attain certain
objective
? Cliques- relatively permanent informal group
involving friendship
? Liaisons - individual who connect two or more
cluster but are no members of any cluster
? Bridges : connection as a linking pins by
belonging to two or more clusters
Importance of sociometry:
? Help to measure and build relationship
? Provide rich data
? Helps in group development
? Enhance group and individual perceptive
Psychodrama
?A body of philosophical, therapeutic,
educational, action based techniques-J.L
Moreno
- Action techniques in which individuals use
enactment to explore material that is
identified specific and personal to them.
Psychodrama is an action method, often used as
a psychotherapy, in which clients use
spontaneous dramatization, role playing, and
dramatic self-presentation to investigate and
gain insight into their lives.
Elements:
Stage- concrete situation within which protagonist story
can be brought to life
? Protagonist- is a person whose story is being enacted or
told. .
? the leading character or one of the major characters in a
play, film, novel, etc.
Director ? professional therapist who leads action and
planning.
He takes decisions involving what material
Auxiliary ego-is the position taken by other participants in a
role-playing exercise, or psychodrama, in order to simulate
particular situations for the protagonists.
role they take and what experience they bring to it.
Audience
Socio drama:
Variant of psychodrama
? A sociodrama is a dramatic play in which
several individuals spontaneously enact social
situations to understand situations more fully.
? Assign roles for the purpose of studying and
remedying problems in group or collective
relationships.
Enact various solutions to social problems.
? After each sociodrama, they have to debrief
an enactment and note what was learned.
? Brainstorm, problem solving and closure
Difference between Socio and
Psychodrama
PSYCHODRAMA SOCIOMETRY
EXPLORE INNER WORLD OF THE PERSON SOCIAL WORLD
INTRAPERSONAL INTERPERSONAL
Advantage of situational test:
Reveals personality characteristics
Superior to rating methods
Convenient
Useful in selection
Disadvantages:
Time consuming
Expensive
Personality inventories
? Francis Galton in 19
th
centaury
? Designed to assess the stable and enduring
characteristics of a person that may affect job
performance and workplace behavior.
? Inventories are known as questionnaires or scale
? Respondents are given list of statements in
standard order with fixed set of response
? Responses-assigned ratings to yield numerical
scores options
Types of inventories
? Bell adjustment inventory:
? Assesses individuals adjustment in variety of
situations
? Consists of 160 items & 4 subscales: home,
health, social, emotional
? High scores-poor adjustment; low scores-
better adjustment
Bernreuter test
? Robert G bernreuter-personality traits
? 125 questions-6 scales-B1N,B2S,B3-I,B4-D,F1C,
& F2S(BIPOLAR)
Personality characteristics of industrial and
other organisations
California Personality inventory
? *Created by Harrison Dough in 1956
? Purpose-to measure and evaluate an individual?s
interpersonal behavior and social interaction
? 434-true-false questions;18 scales
1. Measure of poise, ascendancy, self assurance and
interpersonal adequacy
2. Measure of socialization ,responsibility, intrapersonal
values, and character
3. Measure of achievement potiential & intellectual
efficiency
4. Measure of intellectual modes and interest modes
Minnesota personality scale
? Has separate forms for men and women
? Rates following aspects of personality
1. Morale
2. Social adjustment
3. Family relations
4. Emotionability-degree of stability
5. Used for last 2yrs of high school, college and
sometimes adults
6. Five choices-agree, strongly agree, undecided,
disagree,strongly disagree
? Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory
? 550 items, item is printed on separate card
? Inventory-indicates personality traits of the
individual
? One has to respond to questions with answers
?yes, no ,doubtful in the box provided.
? Responses are evaluated
Cornell index
? Standardised questionnaire for males only
? 101 items fall into 2 categories
1. Those differentiating sharply between persons
with serious personality disorders
(Does worrying continually get you down)
2. Those concerned with bodily symptoms-trouble
with food digestion
Response should be ?yes or no?
Effective in showing presence of anxiety states,
migraine,peptic ulcers, convulsive disorders,
asthma
Myer?briggs?type?indicator
? Based?on?Carl?jung?s?theory?of?personality
? Useful?in?promoting?personal?growth,?self?awareness,?
leadership?skills,?team?building,?career?development,?and?
improved?interpersonal?skills.
? Yields?scores?on?4??bipolar?dimensions:
1. Introversion-extroversion
2. Sensing-intuition- Sensing?and? intuition?are?the?
information-gathering?(perceiving)?functions.
3. Thinking-feeling-are?the?decision-making?(judging)?
functions.?Based?on?the?data?received?from?their?
information-gathering?functions
Subjective Objective
Perception Intuition/Sensing
Judging Feeling/Thinking
? Introversion?(thinking?things?through)?more?than?Extraversion?
(interacting?with?people)
? Sensing?(perceiving?tangible?facts)?more?than?iNtuition?
(perceiving?new?possibilities)
? Feeling?(making?decisions?using?subjective?values)?more?than?
Thinking?(making?decisions?using?objective?logic)
? Judgement?(an?organised?lifestyle)?more?than?Perception?(a?
flexible?lifestyle)
ISTJ ISFJ INFJ INTJ
ISTP ISFP INFP INTP
ESTP ESFP ENFP ENTP
ESTJ ESFJ ENFJ ENTJ
Myers-Briggs Types
Projective?methods
? A? projective?test?is?a?personality?test?designed?to?
let?a?person?respond?to?ambiguous?stimuli,?
presumably?revealing?hidden?emotions?and?
internal?conflicts?projected?by?the?person?into?the?
test
? Assess?the?way?people?respond?and?interpret?
inkblote?and?pictures?in?which?motives?and?
feelings?are?not?clear.
? This?is?a?sign?of?projection?of?their?own?
uncontrollable?feelings,?emotion,?personality??
characteristics
Rorschach Ink blot test
? Herman Rorschach-1921.
? determines the emotional and impulsive tendencies.
? Possible mental disturbance , introversion and
intelligence can be deduced
? Gives total image of testee?s personality
? Test composed of 10 cards on which inkblots appear
? Five inkblots are of black ink, two are of black and red
ink and three are multicolored, on a white background.
? Tester shows cards to the testee one by one and tests
responds what each card portrays
? Tester notes verbal responses(silences , time taken to
respond , how he holds the card , non-verbal behavior)
In next stage-what characteristics of
inkblots led to his responses which are
then noted, categorized &evaluated
on factors such as:
1. Observation and movement testee
has discerned from cards
2. Contents ascribed to inkblots-What
the inkblots represent
3. Light and shadow observed by
testee
4. Texture of the shapes that have
been observed-hair, skin
5. Responses are analysed
quantitatively and qualitatively
Thematic appreciation test
? Murray and morgon
? Individual is confronted with a situation and required
to make a imaginary story and reveal his personality
? The complete version of the test contains 32 picture
cards. Some of the cards show male figures, some
female, some both male and female figures, some of
ambiguous gender, some adults, some children, and
some show no human figures at all.
? One card is completely blank and is used to elicit both
a scene and a story about the given scene from the
storyteller
? The subject is asked to tell as dramatic a story as they can for
each picture presented, including the following:
? what has led up to the event shown
? what is happening at the moment
? what the characters are feeling and thinking
? what the outcome of the story was
? May be administered individually or in a group
? Each of these scoring categories attempts to measure the
following information:
? ?Story Design measures an individual?s ability to identify and
formulate a problem situation.
?Story Orientation assesses an examinees level of personal
control, emotional distress, confidence and motivation.
?Story Solutions assesses how impulsive an examinee is. In
addition to evaluating the types of problem solutions that are
provided, the number of problem solutions that examinees
provide for each of the TAT cards is summed.
? Story Resolution provides information on the examinees
ability to formulate problem solutions that maximize both
short and long-term goals.
5 different aspects
? Hero-When there is a older and younger
women it is clear younger is hero
? Need of the hero : identify needs motives ,
desires of the hero
? Identifies the presses: Any environmental
factor that may interfere with her needs
? Scoring for themes: nature of interplay and
conflict between needs and presses-type
of emotions elicited by the conflict how it
is resolved
? Scoring for outcome-comparative
strengths emanating from the hero,
strengths of the environment, amount of
hardship, frustration experienced, degree
of success and failure, happy and unhappy
endings.
Children appreciation test
? 3-10 age group
? 10 cards-Depict animal characters
? Should focus on identification of 10 characters
? Main theme
? Main hero
? Main needs and drives of hero
? Conception of the environment
? How figures are seen
? Significant conflicts
? Nature of anxieties
? Main defence against conflict and fears
Picture projective tests
? General purpose instrument with improved
psychometric qualities
? Section of 30 pictures
? Had to show a promise of eliciting meaningful
projective material
? Most but not all had to include more than one
human character
? About half of the pictures had to depict
affective expression, active poses.
Word association tests
? List of words is presented to a
subject who is asked to respond
with the first word or idea that
comes to his mind
? Many of the words appear to be
emotionally neutral
? Special interest are words that
tend to elicit personalized
reactions
? Amount of time taken before
beginning each response and the
response itself
Drawing tests
? Relevant for children as his thoughts and
feelings float into his drawings unwillingly
? Draw a person test-certain graphic
expressionsnwithin drawings reflect
personality characteristics.
? Asked to construct a person of the opposite
gender drawn
Verbal tests
? Story telling
? Sentence completion test: A person who
does not use lakes is being thoughtful of
? the ecosystem
? Projective questionnaire: situations totally
correlated to the job or organization are
given
? Painting tests:
? Great way of expressing negative emotions
re-ordering and re-evaluating the way we
express ourselves
? Helpful for children to talk about personal
problems
TYPING TEST
? Passage
? Scores-number of words typed per minute and number
of errors made
? Typing speed and accuracy
? Techniques of typing
? Touch typing: hands are placed over the keyboard in a
specific formation. position of the key is memorized
? Hunt and peck type:
? Buffer method: looks at the source copy, mentally
stores one or several sentences and then looks at the
keyboard and types.
Shorthand test
? Process of writing in shorthand-stenography
Need
1) To deliver long phone messages
2) Environments where audiorecorders are forbidden-track of
information.
3) Health professionals may use shorthand notes in medical
charts
Computer proficiency test:
Measure of knowledge and competency
Components:
Word processing;
Email
Internet skills
Spreadsheets
Database
Interviewing
Interviews may be defined as face to face
communication method for knowing some
information about the potential job candidates.
It is a process of collecting some information
whether the candidates like the job or not.
Under these processes, job seekers invited to
appear at the interview board with their
relevant academic and other qualification
records
Feature:
? Pre arranged and planned process
? Two way communication
? Purposefully designed
? Conversation
Objectives:
Judgement of application
Information about the application
Developing confidence

Types of Interviews
? Preliminary interview -
Informal interview
Unstructured interview
? Core interview
Back ground information interview
Stress interview
Formal and structured interview
Panel interview
Group interview
Job and probing interview
Depth interview
? Decision making interview
Advantages: for company
? Provide information
? Helps to select a right candidates
? Improves goodwill
? Helps in promotion and transfer
For Candidate:
? Provide employment opportunity
? Helps candidates to accept or reject

Disadvantages:
? Expensive
? Subject to bias and persona traits
ineffective in some areas
? demands skilled interviewers
? Difficulty to analyse
Interview process
Planning the interview
Getting started
Examining five interview areas
Examining strengths and weakness
Listing to what is being said
Digging for behavioural gold
Probing for specific
Using an interview check list
Allowing candidates to ask questions at the end
Explain procedures of selection and concluding with a happy note
Making decision
Planning the interview
? Choose the appropriate types of interview
methods
? Identify the knowledge, skill and administrative
arrangements
? Number of interview rounds
? Finalise the venue and interview coverage area
? Getting started
?Warm up
?Ground rules

Examining 5 interview areas ? Work experience
? Education
? Career goals and objective
? Specific opportunity
? Personal life hobbies
Examining strength and weakness
? Strengths
? Weakness
? Why is should hire you?
? Self development
Listening to what is being said
? Listen with patience
? Understand the emotion of the speakers
? Restatement and summary
? Set aside time for Question & Discussion
? Avoid interrupting the speaker
? Talk less and listen more
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
? The?general?intelligence,? g,?influences?the?
performance?on?all?mental?tasks,?while?another?
component?influences?abilities?on?a?particular?
task.
[7]
? Raven's Progressive Matrices?(often?referred?to?simply?as?Raven's
Matrices)?or?RPM?is?a?nonverbal?group?test?typically?used?in?
educational?settings.
? ?It?is?usually?a?60-item?test?used?in?measuring?abstract?reasoning?and?
regarded?as?a?non-verbal?estimate?of?fluid?intelligence.
[
? 1]
?It?is?the?most?common?and?popular?test?administered?to?groups?
ranging?from?5-year-olds?to?the?elderly.
[2]
? ?It?is?made?of?60?multiple?choice?questions,?listed?in?order?of?
difficulty.
[2
? ]
?This?format?is?designed?to?measure?the?test?taker's?reasoning?ability,?
the?eductive?("meaning-making")?component?of?Spearman's? g?( g?is?
often?referred?to?as?general?intelligence).?
? The?tests?were?originally?developed?by?John?C.?Raven?in?1936.
[3]
?In?
each?test?item,?the?subject?is?asked?to?identify?the?missing?element?
that?completes?a?pattern.
? ?Many?patterns?are?presented?in?the?form?of?a?6?6,?4?4,?3?3,?or?
2?2?matrix,?giving?the?test?its?name.
? All of the questions on the Raven's progressives
consist of visual geometric design with a missing
piece. The test taker is given six to eight choices to
pick from and fill in the missing piece.
[4]
? An IQ test item in the style of a Raven's
Progressive Matrices test. Given eight patterns,
the subject must identify the missing ninth
pattern
The Matrices are available in three different forms
for participants of different ability:
? Standard Progressive Matrices-This was
developed to assess a person?s intellectual ability
at the time of testing him with design or patterns.
? Person has to find relation between designs and
perform task. The booklet comprises five sets (A
to E) of 12 items each (e.g., A1 through A12),
? A and B-6 piece designs
? B & c-8 pieces of design. All items are presented
in black ink on a white background
? Coloured Progressive Matrices-Designed for
children aged 5 through 11 years-of-age, the
elderly, and mentally and physically impaired
individual participants.
? Tests the intellectual capacity of young
children and people.
? Coloured progressive matrixes-assess a
persons capacity of level of observation and
clear thinking
? This is a language free test
? The scale has two sets A and b and ab set
Advanced Progressive Matrices
? ?Persons?who?are?above?11?years?and?those?
who?are?above?average?in?mental?ability.
? Time?limit
? The?first?set?has?12?problems,2
nd
?set?contains?
48?items,?presented?as?one?set?of?12?(set?I),?
and?another?of?36?(set?II).?
Difference between individual test and
group test
Basic difference Individual test Group test
Sample size Small sample Ultra large samples
Format Open ended Multi choice
Examiner's role Significant role, Minimal role
Time factors More time consuming Less time consuming
Physical & personality test
? Physical abilities use tasks or abilities that
require physical ability to perform
? Measure physical attributes and characteristics
? Personality Assessment test:
? Personality means how people affect othersand
how they understand and view themselves as
well as their pattern of inner and outer
measurable traits and person situation
interaction
? Not a single characteristic; multidimensional in
nature with many interacting elements
Personality?assessment?test
? A?personality? test?is? a? questionnaire? or? other?
standardized? instrument? designed? to? reveal?
aspects? of? an? individual's? character? or?
psychological? makeup.? The? first?personality?
tests?were? developed? in? the? 1920s? and? were?
intended? to? ease? the? process? of? personnel?
selection,?particularly?in?the?armed?forces.?
? the?combination?of?characteristics?or?qualities?
that?form?an?individual's?distinctive?character.
Measuring personality:
? Personality rating methods
? Personality inventories
? Situational tests
? Projective methods
Personality rating methods
? Rating is a term applied or judgment regarding
some situation, object or character. Opinion
are usually expresses on a scale of values.
Rating techniques are derive which such
judgements may be quantified.
Rating scales:
?is a selected list of words , phrases , sentences or para
following which an observer records value or rating based
upon objective scale of values
? A rating scale is an instrument i.e. A list of questions
that is set to enable the reviewer to indicate the, size
or intensity of the underlying characteristics of a
person.
? Description of the characteristics ?clarity-rate
? Items on each scale must b described in such a way-to
know what they mean
? Items should be described in terms of behaviour
? The description of the personality
characteristic must be clear and we defined
? The item on each scale end must be described
? It should be concrete behaviour
Types?of?rating?scale:?
- Graphic?scale?
- A?straight?line?is?drawn?and?divided?into?many?parts?.?
Each?part-number?of?adjectives?are?written.
- Evaluator?has?to?mark?any?of?these.
- Length?of?the?line-5?inches
- 3-5?adjectives?are?used
- Division?on?the?line?should?be?equidistant
- Graphic?Rating?Scale?is?a?type?of?performance?
appraisal?method.?In?this?method?traits?or?behaviours?
that?are?important?for?effective?performance?are?listed?
out?and?each?employee?is?rated?against?these?traits.?
The?rating?helps?employers?to?quantify?the?behaviours?
displayed?by?its?employees.
? Numerical scale:
Marks as associated with certain indicators.
Data that are counted or measured using a
numerically defined method are called
numerical (quantitative).
Three point, five point seven point scale
? Ranking?order:?Statistical?technique,?rank?are?mentioned?in?the?
descending?order.?
? A?Rank?Order?scale?gives?the?respondent?a?set?of?items?and?asks?
them?to?put?the?items?in?some?form?oforder.?The?measure?of?
'order'?can?include?such?as?preference,?importance,?liking,?
effectiveness?and?so?on.?The?order?is?often?a?simple?ordinal?
structure?(A?is?higher?than?B)
? Paired?comparison?scale???each?person?compared?with?other?in?the?
group?
? The?Paired?Comparison?Scaling?is?a?comparative?scaling?technique?
wherein?the?respondent?is?shown?two?objects?at?the?same?time?and?
is?asked?to?select?one?according?to?the?defined?criterion.?
Rank order
Paired comparision
Forced choice scale
Forced choiced scale
? Forced choice refers to a specific format for
response options in survey questionnaires. In
a forced choice format, respondents are not
given a specific option to reflect a
"nonresponse" type choice, such as "no
opinion," "don't know," "not sure," or "not
applicable." Respondents must select a
response choice that provides a specific
answer to the survey item.
Rating interview-
The interviewing process often includes the use
of rating scales that the interviewers (also called
?raters?) use to evaluate the quality of the
interview and lead to some kind of
recommendation of the candidate for the job in
question.
Assess personality characteristicsof a subject on
a standardised rating scale.
Discusses worker?s achievement
? Situational tests: real life conditioning are
simulate
? Candidate?s spontaneous reactions will be
recorded
? It is done in a group and based on them
? It include role play, case studies, group
discussion

Types of situational test:
Derived from latin word socius ?social; metrum-
measure by Jacob L Moreno
Sociometry : the study of relationships within a
group of people.
Assess the positive and negative links between
persons within a group.
Sociometry is a way of measuring relationships
between people. Sociometric tests can include
variety of procedures used within social groups to
measure social status, popularity, peer
acceptance or rejection and reputation
Sociometry
? Used to evaluate group structure
? Measure amount of organization shown by
social group-sociometric test
? Made in respect to work, home , school
groups
? Determines position of each individual in a
group in which he has to function
CONSTRUCTION OF A SOCIOGRAM
A E F G
H
D
B I J
c K M
D is a star ?chosen by most of the members
J and g are unpopular
D serves as a bridge
ABCD has all channel communication
? Diagrammatic representation of patterns
showing interpersonal relationship
? This indicates choices, preferences, likes,
dislikes,interaction between individual
members in a group
? Gives a visual picture of sociometric structure
of a group
Various kinds of interaction in Sociometry test
? Social networks- a specific set of linkages among
defined set of people cluster
? Prescribed clusters- formal group within network
? Emergent clusters ? cluster of people who
temporarily align together to attain certain
objective
? Cliques- relatively permanent informal group
involving friendship
? Liaisons - individual who connect two or more
cluster but are no members of any cluster
? Bridges : connection as a linking pins by
belonging to two or more clusters
Importance of sociometry:
? Help to measure and build relationship
? Provide rich data
? Helps in group development
? Enhance group and individual perceptive
Psychodrama
?A body of philosophical, therapeutic,
educational, action based techniques-J.L
Moreno
- Action techniques in which individuals use
enactment to explore material that is
identified specific and personal to them.
Psychodrama is an action method, often used as
a psychotherapy, in which clients use
spontaneous dramatization, role playing, and
dramatic self-presentation to investigate and
gain insight into their lives.
Elements:
Stage- concrete situation within which protagonist story
can be brought to life
? Protagonist- is a person whose story is being enacted or
told. .
? the leading character or one of the major characters in a
play, film, novel, etc.
Director ? professional therapist who leads action and
planning.
He takes decisions involving what material
Auxiliary ego-is the position taken by other participants in a
role-playing exercise, or psychodrama, in order to simulate
particular situations for the protagonists.
role they take and what experience they bring to it.
Audience
Socio drama:
Variant of psychodrama
? A sociodrama is a dramatic play in which
several individuals spontaneously enact social
situations to understand situations more fully.
? Assign roles for the purpose of studying and
remedying problems in group or collective
relationships.
Enact various solutions to social problems.
? After each sociodrama, they have to debrief
an enactment and note what was learned.
? Brainstorm, problem solving and closure
Difference between Socio and
Psychodrama
PSYCHODRAMA SOCIOMETRY
EXPLORE INNER WORLD OF THE PERSON SOCIAL WORLD
INTRAPERSONAL INTERPERSONAL
Advantage of situational test:
Reveals personality characteristics
Superior to rating methods
Convenient
Useful in selection
Disadvantages:
Time consuming
Expensive
Personality inventories
? Francis Galton in 19
th
centaury
? Designed to assess the stable and enduring
characteristics of a person that may affect job
performance and workplace behavior.
? Inventories are known as questionnaires or scale
? Respondents are given list of statements in
standard order with fixed set of response
? Responses-assigned ratings to yield numerical
scores options
Types of inventories
? Bell adjustment inventory:
? Assesses individuals adjustment in variety of
situations
? Consists of 160 items & 4 subscales: home,
health, social, emotional
? High scores-poor adjustment; low scores-
better adjustment
Bernreuter test
? Robert G bernreuter-personality traits
? 125 questions-6 scales-B1N,B2S,B3-I,B4-D,F1C,
& F2S(BIPOLAR)
Personality characteristics of industrial and
other organisations
California Personality inventory
? *Created by Harrison Dough in 1956
? Purpose-to measure and evaluate an individual?s
interpersonal behavior and social interaction
? 434-true-false questions;18 scales
1. Measure of poise, ascendancy, self assurance and
interpersonal adequacy
2. Measure of socialization ,responsibility, intrapersonal
values, and character
3. Measure of achievement potiential & intellectual
efficiency
4. Measure of intellectual modes and interest modes
Minnesota personality scale
? Has separate forms for men and women
? Rates following aspects of personality
1. Morale
2. Social adjustment
3. Family relations
4. Emotionability-degree of stability
5. Used for last 2yrs of high school, college and
sometimes adults
6. Five choices-agree, strongly agree, undecided,
disagree,strongly disagree
? Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory
? 550 items, item is printed on separate card
? Inventory-indicates personality traits of the
individual
? One has to respond to questions with answers
?yes, no ,doubtful in the box provided.
? Responses are evaluated
Cornell index
? Standardised questionnaire for males only
? 101 items fall into 2 categories
1. Those differentiating sharply between persons
with serious personality disorders
(Does worrying continually get you down)
2. Those concerned with bodily symptoms-trouble
with food digestion
Response should be ?yes or no?
Effective in showing presence of anxiety states,
migraine,peptic ulcers, convulsive disorders,
asthma
Myer?briggs?type?indicator
? Based?on?Carl?jung?s?theory?of?personality
? Useful?in?promoting?personal?growth,?self?awareness,?
leadership?skills,?team?building,?career?development,?and?
improved?interpersonal?skills.
? Yields?scores?on?4??bipolar?dimensions:
1. Introversion-extroversion
2. Sensing-intuition- Sensing?and? intuition?are?the?
information-gathering?(perceiving)?functions.
3. Thinking-feeling-are?the?decision-making?(judging)?
functions.?Based?on?the?data?received?from?their?
information-gathering?functions
Subjective Objective
Perception Intuition/Sensing
Judging Feeling/Thinking
? Introversion?(thinking?things?through)?more?than?Extraversion?
(interacting?with?people)
? Sensing?(perceiving?tangible?facts)?more?than?iNtuition?
(perceiving?new?possibilities)
? Feeling?(making?decisions?using?subjective?values)?more?than?
Thinking?(making?decisions?using?objective?logic)
? Judgement?(an?organised?lifestyle)?more?than?Perception?(a?
flexible?lifestyle)
ISTJ ISFJ INFJ INTJ
ISTP ISFP INFP INTP
ESTP ESFP ENFP ENTP
ESTJ ESFJ ENFJ ENTJ
Myers-Briggs Types
Projective?methods
? A? projective?test?is?a?personality?test?designed?to?
let?a?person?respond?to?ambiguous?stimuli,?
presumably?revealing?hidden?emotions?and?
internal?conflicts?projected?by?the?person?into?the?
test
? Assess?the?way?people?respond?and?interpret?
inkblote?and?pictures?in?which?motives?and?
feelings?are?not?clear.
? This?is?a?sign?of?projection?of?their?own?
uncontrollable?feelings,?emotion,?personality??
characteristics
Rorschach Ink blot test
? Herman Rorschach-1921.
? determines the emotional and impulsive tendencies.
? Possible mental disturbance , introversion and
intelligence can be deduced
? Gives total image of testee?s personality
? Test composed of 10 cards on which inkblots appear
? Five inkblots are of black ink, two are of black and red
ink and three are multicolored, on a white background.
? Tester shows cards to the testee one by one and tests
responds what each card portrays
? Tester notes verbal responses(silences , time taken to
respond , how he holds the card , non-verbal behavior)
In next stage-what characteristics of
inkblots led to his responses which are
then noted, categorized &evaluated
on factors such as:
1. Observation and movement testee
has discerned from cards
2. Contents ascribed to inkblots-What
the inkblots represent
3. Light and shadow observed by
testee
4. Texture of the shapes that have
been observed-hair, skin
5. Responses are analysed
quantitatively and qualitatively
Thematic appreciation test
? Murray and morgon
? Individual is confronted with a situation and required
to make a imaginary story and reveal his personality
? The complete version of the test contains 32 picture
cards. Some of the cards show male figures, some
female, some both male and female figures, some of
ambiguous gender, some adults, some children, and
some show no human figures at all.
? One card is completely blank and is used to elicit both
a scene and a story about the given scene from the
storyteller
? The subject is asked to tell as dramatic a story as they can for
each picture presented, including the following:
? what has led up to the event shown
? what is happening at the moment
? what the characters are feeling and thinking
? what the outcome of the story was
? May be administered individually or in a group
? Each of these scoring categories attempts to measure the
following information:
? ?Story Design measures an individual?s ability to identify and
formulate a problem situation.
?Story Orientation assesses an examinees level of personal
control, emotional distress, confidence and motivation.
?Story Solutions assesses how impulsive an examinee is. In
addition to evaluating the types of problem solutions that are
provided, the number of problem solutions that examinees
provide for each of the TAT cards is summed.
? Story Resolution provides information on the examinees
ability to formulate problem solutions that maximize both
short and long-term goals.
5 different aspects
? Hero-When there is a older and younger
women it is clear younger is hero
? Need of the hero : identify needs motives ,
desires of the hero
? Identifies the presses: Any environmental
factor that may interfere with her needs
? Scoring for themes: nature of interplay and
conflict between needs and presses-type
of emotions elicited by the conflict how it
is resolved
? Scoring for outcome-comparative
strengths emanating from the hero,
strengths of the environment, amount of
hardship, frustration experienced, degree
of success and failure, happy and unhappy
endings.
Children appreciation test
? 3-10 age group
? 10 cards-Depict animal characters
? Should focus on identification of 10 characters
? Main theme
? Main hero
? Main needs and drives of hero
? Conception of the environment
? How figures are seen
? Significant conflicts
? Nature of anxieties
? Main defence against conflict and fears
Picture projective tests
? General purpose instrument with improved
psychometric qualities
? Section of 30 pictures
? Had to show a promise of eliciting meaningful
projective material
? Most but not all had to include more than one
human character
? About half of the pictures had to depict
affective expression, active poses.
Word association tests
? List of words is presented to a
subject who is asked to respond
with the first word or idea that
comes to his mind
? Many of the words appear to be
emotionally neutral
? Special interest are words that
tend to elicit personalized
reactions
? Amount of time taken before
beginning each response and the
response itself
Drawing tests
? Relevant for children as his thoughts and
feelings float into his drawings unwillingly
? Draw a person test-certain graphic
expressionsnwithin drawings reflect
personality characteristics.
? Asked to construct a person of the opposite
gender drawn
Verbal tests
? Story telling
? Sentence completion test: A person who
does not use lakes is being thoughtful of
? the ecosystem
? Projective questionnaire: situations totally
correlated to the job or organization are
given
? Painting tests:
? Great way of expressing negative emotions
re-ordering and re-evaluating the way we
express ourselves
? Helpful for children to talk about personal
problems
TYPING TEST
? Passage
? Scores-number of words typed per minute and number
of errors made
? Typing speed and accuracy
? Techniques of typing
? Touch typing: hands are placed over the keyboard in a
specific formation. position of the key is memorized
? Hunt and peck type:
? Buffer method: looks at the source copy, mentally
stores one or several sentences and then looks at the
keyboard and types.
Shorthand test
? Process of writing in shorthand-stenography
Need
1) To deliver long phone messages
2) Environments where audiorecorders are forbidden-track of
information.
3) Health professionals may use shorthand notes in medical
charts
Computer proficiency test:
Measure of knowledge and competency
Components:
Word processing;
Email
Internet skills
Spreadsheets
Database
Interviewing
Interviews may be defined as face to face
communication method for knowing some
information about the potential job candidates.
It is a process of collecting some information
whether the candidates like the job or not.
Under these processes, job seekers invited to
appear at the interview board with their
relevant academic and other qualification
records
Feature:
? Pre arranged and planned process
? Two way communication
? Purposefully designed
? Conversation
Objectives:
Judgement of application
Information about the application
Developing confidence

Types of Interviews
? Preliminary interview -
Informal interview
Unstructured interview
? Core interview
Back ground information interview
Stress interview
Formal and structured interview
Panel interview
Group interview
Job and probing interview
Depth interview
? Decision making interview
Advantages: for company
? Provide information
? Helps to select a right candidates
? Improves goodwill
? Helps in promotion and transfer
For Candidate:
? Provide employment opportunity
? Helps candidates to accept or reject

Disadvantages:
? Expensive
? Subject to bias and persona traits
ineffective in some areas
? demands skilled interviewers
? Difficulty to analyse
Interview process
Planning the interview
Getting started
Examining five interview areas
Examining strengths and weakness
Listing to what is being said
Digging for behavioural gold
Probing for specific
Using an interview check list
Allowing candidates to ask questions at the end
Explain procedures of selection and concluding with a happy note
Making decision
Planning the interview
? Choose the appropriate types of interview
methods
? Identify the knowledge, skill and administrative
arrangements
? Number of interview rounds
? Finalise the venue and interview coverage area
? Getting started
?Warm up
?Ground rules

Examining 5 interview areas ? Work experience
? Education
? Career goals and objective
? Specific opportunity
? Personal life hobbies
Examining strength and weakness
? Strengths
? Weakness
? Why is should hire you?
? Self development
Listening to what is being said
? Listen with patience
? Understand the emotion of the speakers
? Restatement and summary
? Set aside time for Question & Discussion
? Avoid interrupting the speaker
? Talk less and listen more
Digging for behavioural gold
? As opposed to an archeologically dig involves
taking a specific incident or situation and
delving into it deeply.
? Lead in - Probe ? Probe ? Probe
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
? The?general?intelligence,? g,?influences?the?
performance?on?all?mental?tasks,?while?another?
component?influences?abilities?on?a?particular?
task.
[7]
? Raven's Progressive Matrices?(often?referred?to?simply?as?Raven's
Matrices)?or?RPM?is?a?nonverbal?group?test?typically?used?in?
educational?settings.
? ?It?is?usually?a?60-item?test?used?in?measuring?abstract?reasoning?and?
regarded?as?a?non-verbal?estimate?of?fluid?intelligence.
[
? 1]
?It?is?the?most?common?and?popular?test?administered?to?groups?
ranging?from?5-year-olds?to?the?elderly.
[2]
? ?It?is?made?of?60?multiple?choice?questions,?listed?in?order?of?
difficulty.
[2
? ]
?This?format?is?designed?to?measure?the?test?taker's?reasoning?ability,?
the?eductive?("meaning-making")?component?of?Spearman's? g?( g?is?
often?referred?to?as?general?intelligence).?
? The?tests?were?originally?developed?by?John?C.?Raven?in?1936.
[3]
?In?
each?test?item,?the?subject?is?asked?to?identify?the?missing?element?
that?completes?a?pattern.
? ?Many?patterns?are?presented?in?the?form?of?a?6?6,?4?4,?3?3,?or?
2?2?matrix,?giving?the?test?its?name.
? All of the questions on the Raven's progressives
consist of visual geometric design with a missing
piece. The test taker is given six to eight choices to
pick from and fill in the missing piece.
[4]
? An IQ test item in the style of a Raven's
Progressive Matrices test. Given eight patterns,
the subject must identify the missing ninth
pattern
The Matrices are available in three different forms
for participants of different ability:
? Standard Progressive Matrices-This was
developed to assess a person?s intellectual ability
at the time of testing him with design or patterns.
? Person has to find relation between designs and
perform task. The booklet comprises five sets (A
to E) of 12 items each (e.g., A1 through A12),
? A and B-6 piece designs
? B & c-8 pieces of design. All items are presented
in black ink on a white background
? Coloured Progressive Matrices-Designed for
children aged 5 through 11 years-of-age, the
elderly, and mentally and physically impaired
individual participants.
? Tests the intellectual capacity of young
children and people.
? Coloured progressive matrixes-assess a
persons capacity of level of observation and
clear thinking
? This is a language free test
? The scale has two sets A and b and ab set
Advanced Progressive Matrices
? ?Persons?who?are?above?11?years?and?those?
who?are?above?average?in?mental?ability.
? Time?limit
? The?first?set?has?12?problems,2
nd
?set?contains?
48?items,?presented?as?one?set?of?12?(set?I),?
and?another?of?36?(set?II).?
Difference between individual test and
group test
Basic difference Individual test Group test
Sample size Small sample Ultra large samples
Format Open ended Multi choice
Examiner's role Significant role, Minimal role
Time factors More time consuming Less time consuming
Physical & personality test
? Physical abilities use tasks or abilities that
require physical ability to perform
? Measure physical attributes and characteristics
? Personality Assessment test:
? Personality means how people affect othersand
how they understand and view themselves as
well as their pattern of inner and outer
measurable traits and person situation
interaction
? Not a single characteristic; multidimensional in
nature with many interacting elements
Personality?assessment?test
? A?personality? test?is? a? questionnaire? or? other?
standardized? instrument? designed? to? reveal?
aspects? of? an? individual's? character? or?
psychological? makeup.? The? first?personality?
tests?were? developed? in? the? 1920s? and? were?
intended? to? ease? the? process? of? personnel?
selection,?particularly?in?the?armed?forces.?
? the?combination?of?characteristics?or?qualities?
that?form?an?individual's?distinctive?character.
Measuring personality:
? Personality rating methods
? Personality inventories
? Situational tests
? Projective methods
Personality rating methods
? Rating is a term applied or judgment regarding
some situation, object or character. Opinion
are usually expresses on a scale of values.
Rating techniques are derive which such
judgements may be quantified.
Rating scales:
?is a selected list of words , phrases , sentences or para
following which an observer records value or rating based
upon objective scale of values
? A rating scale is an instrument i.e. A list of questions
that is set to enable the reviewer to indicate the, size
or intensity of the underlying characteristics of a
person.
? Description of the characteristics ?clarity-rate
? Items on each scale must b described in such a way-to
know what they mean
? Items should be described in terms of behaviour
? The description of the personality
characteristic must be clear and we defined
? The item on each scale end must be described
? It should be concrete behaviour
Types?of?rating?scale:?
- Graphic?scale?
- A?straight?line?is?drawn?and?divided?into?many?parts?.?
Each?part-number?of?adjectives?are?written.
- Evaluator?has?to?mark?any?of?these.
- Length?of?the?line-5?inches
- 3-5?adjectives?are?used
- Division?on?the?line?should?be?equidistant
- Graphic?Rating?Scale?is?a?type?of?performance?
appraisal?method.?In?this?method?traits?or?behaviours?
that?are?important?for?effective?performance?are?listed?
out?and?each?employee?is?rated?against?these?traits.?
The?rating?helps?employers?to?quantify?the?behaviours?
displayed?by?its?employees.
? Numerical scale:
Marks as associated with certain indicators.
Data that are counted or measured using a
numerically defined method are called
numerical (quantitative).
Three point, five point seven point scale
? Ranking?order:?Statistical?technique,?rank?are?mentioned?in?the?
descending?order.?
? A?Rank?Order?scale?gives?the?respondent?a?set?of?items?and?asks?
them?to?put?the?items?in?some?form?oforder.?The?measure?of?
'order'?can?include?such?as?preference,?importance,?liking,?
effectiveness?and?so?on.?The?order?is?often?a?simple?ordinal?
structure?(A?is?higher?than?B)
? Paired?comparison?scale???each?person?compared?with?other?in?the?
group?
? The?Paired?Comparison?Scaling?is?a?comparative?scaling?technique?
wherein?the?respondent?is?shown?two?objects?at?the?same?time?and?
is?asked?to?select?one?according?to?the?defined?criterion.?
Rank order
Paired comparision
Forced choice scale
Forced choiced scale
? Forced choice refers to a specific format for
response options in survey questionnaires. In
a forced choice format, respondents are not
given a specific option to reflect a
"nonresponse" type choice, such as "no
opinion," "don't know," "not sure," or "not
applicable." Respondents must select a
response choice that provides a specific
answer to the survey item.
Rating interview-
The interviewing process often includes the use
of rating scales that the interviewers (also called
?raters?) use to evaluate the quality of the
interview and lead to some kind of
recommendation of the candidate for the job in
question.
Assess personality characteristicsof a subject on
a standardised rating scale.
Discusses worker?s achievement
? Situational tests: real life conditioning are
simulate
? Candidate?s spontaneous reactions will be
recorded
? It is done in a group and based on them
? It include role play, case studies, group
discussion

Types of situational test:
Derived from latin word socius ?social; metrum-
measure by Jacob L Moreno
Sociometry : the study of relationships within a
group of people.
Assess the positive and negative links between
persons within a group.
Sociometry is a way of measuring relationships
between people. Sociometric tests can include
variety of procedures used within social groups to
measure social status, popularity, peer
acceptance or rejection and reputation
Sociometry
? Used to evaluate group structure
? Measure amount of organization shown by
social group-sociometric test
? Made in respect to work, home , school
groups
? Determines position of each individual in a
group in which he has to function
CONSTRUCTION OF A SOCIOGRAM
A E F G
H
D
B I J
c K M
D is a star ?chosen by most of the members
J and g are unpopular
D serves as a bridge
ABCD has all channel communication
? Diagrammatic representation of patterns
showing interpersonal relationship
? This indicates choices, preferences, likes,
dislikes,interaction between individual
members in a group
? Gives a visual picture of sociometric structure
of a group
Various kinds of interaction in Sociometry test
? Social networks- a specific set of linkages among
defined set of people cluster
? Prescribed clusters- formal group within network
? Emergent clusters ? cluster of people who
temporarily align together to attain certain
objective
? Cliques- relatively permanent informal group
involving friendship
? Liaisons - individual who connect two or more
cluster but are no members of any cluster
? Bridges : connection as a linking pins by
belonging to two or more clusters
Importance of sociometry:
? Help to measure and build relationship
? Provide rich data
? Helps in group development
? Enhance group and individual perceptive
Psychodrama
?A body of philosophical, therapeutic,
educational, action based techniques-J.L
Moreno
- Action techniques in which individuals use
enactment to explore material that is
identified specific and personal to them.
Psychodrama is an action method, often used as
a psychotherapy, in which clients use
spontaneous dramatization, role playing, and
dramatic self-presentation to investigate and
gain insight into their lives.
Elements:
Stage- concrete situation within which protagonist story
can be brought to life
? Protagonist- is a person whose story is being enacted or
told. .
? the leading character or one of the major characters in a
play, film, novel, etc.
Director ? professional therapist who leads action and
planning.
He takes decisions involving what material
Auxiliary ego-is the position taken by other participants in a
role-playing exercise, or psychodrama, in order to simulate
particular situations for the protagonists.
role they take and what experience they bring to it.
Audience
Socio drama:
Variant of psychodrama
? A sociodrama is a dramatic play in which
several individuals spontaneously enact social
situations to understand situations more fully.
? Assign roles for the purpose of studying and
remedying problems in group or collective
relationships.
Enact various solutions to social problems.
? After each sociodrama, they have to debrief
an enactment and note what was learned.
? Brainstorm, problem solving and closure
Difference between Socio and
Psychodrama
PSYCHODRAMA SOCIOMETRY
EXPLORE INNER WORLD OF THE PERSON SOCIAL WORLD
INTRAPERSONAL INTERPERSONAL
Advantage of situational test:
Reveals personality characteristics
Superior to rating methods
Convenient
Useful in selection
Disadvantages:
Time consuming
Expensive
Personality inventories
? Francis Galton in 19
th
centaury
? Designed to assess the stable and enduring
characteristics of a person that may affect job
performance and workplace behavior.
? Inventories are known as questionnaires or scale
? Respondents are given list of statements in
standard order with fixed set of response
? Responses-assigned ratings to yield numerical
scores options
Types of inventories
? Bell adjustment inventory:
? Assesses individuals adjustment in variety of
situations
? Consists of 160 items & 4 subscales: home,
health, social, emotional
? High scores-poor adjustment; low scores-
better adjustment
Bernreuter test
? Robert G bernreuter-personality traits
? 125 questions-6 scales-B1N,B2S,B3-I,B4-D,F1C,
& F2S(BIPOLAR)
Personality characteristics of industrial and
other organisations
California Personality inventory
? *Created by Harrison Dough in 1956
? Purpose-to measure and evaluate an individual?s
interpersonal behavior and social interaction
? 434-true-false questions;18 scales
1. Measure of poise, ascendancy, self assurance and
interpersonal adequacy
2. Measure of socialization ,responsibility, intrapersonal
values, and character
3. Measure of achievement potiential & intellectual
efficiency
4. Measure of intellectual modes and interest modes
Minnesota personality scale
? Has separate forms for men and women
? Rates following aspects of personality
1. Morale
2. Social adjustment
3. Family relations
4. Emotionability-degree of stability
5. Used for last 2yrs of high school, college and
sometimes adults
6. Five choices-agree, strongly agree, undecided,
disagree,strongly disagree
? Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory
? 550 items, item is printed on separate card
? Inventory-indicates personality traits of the
individual
? One has to respond to questions with answers
?yes, no ,doubtful in the box provided.
? Responses are evaluated
Cornell index
? Standardised questionnaire for males only
? 101 items fall into 2 categories
1. Those differentiating sharply between persons
with serious personality disorders
(Does worrying continually get you down)
2. Those concerned with bodily symptoms-trouble
with food digestion
Response should be ?yes or no?
Effective in showing presence of anxiety states,
migraine,peptic ulcers, convulsive disorders,
asthma
Myer?briggs?type?indicator
? Based?on?Carl?jung?s?theory?of?personality
? Useful?in?promoting?personal?growth,?self?awareness,?
leadership?skills,?team?building,?career?development,?and?
improved?interpersonal?skills.
? Yields?scores?on?4??bipolar?dimensions:
1. Introversion-extroversion
2. Sensing-intuition- Sensing?and? intuition?are?the?
information-gathering?(perceiving)?functions.
3. Thinking-feeling-are?the?decision-making?(judging)?
functions.?Based?on?the?data?received?from?their?
information-gathering?functions
Subjective Objective
Perception Intuition/Sensing
Judging Feeling/Thinking
? Introversion?(thinking?things?through)?more?than?Extraversion?
(interacting?with?people)
? Sensing?(perceiving?tangible?facts)?more?than?iNtuition?
(perceiving?new?possibilities)
? Feeling?(making?decisions?using?subjective?values)?more?than?
Thinking?(making?decisions?using?objective?logic)
? Judgement?(an?organised?lifestyle)?more?than?Perception?(a?
flexible?lifestyle)
ISTJ ISFJ INFJ INTJ
ISTP ISFP INFP INTP
ESTP ESFP ENFP ENTP
ESTJ ESFJ ENFJ ENTJ
Myers-Briggs Types
Projective?methods
? A? projective?test?is?a?personality?test?designed?to?
let?a?person?respond?to?ambiguous?stimuli,?
presumably?revealing?hidden?emotions?and?
internal?conflicts?projected?by?the?person?into?the?
test
? Assess?the?way?people?respond?and?interpret?
inkblote?and?pictures?in?which?motives?and?
feelings?are?not?clear.
? This?is?a?sign?of?projection?of?their?own?
uncontrollable?feelings,?emotion,?personality??
characteristics
Rorschach Ink blot test
? Herman Rorschach-1921.
? determines the emotional and impulsive tendencies.
? Possible mental disturbance , introversion and
intelligence can be deduced
? Gives total image of testee?s personality
? Test composed of 10 cards on which inkblots appear
? Five inkblots are of black ink, two are of black and red
ink and three are multicolored, on a white background.
? Tester shows cards to the testee one by one and tests
responds what each card portrays
? Tester notes verbal responses(silences , time taken to
respond , how he holds the card , non-verbal behavior)
In next stage-what characteristics of
inkblots led to his responses which are
then noted, categorized &evaluated
on factors such as:
1. Observation and movement testee
has discerned from cards
2. Contents ascribed to inkblots-What
the inkblots represent
3. Light and shadow observed by
testee
4. Texture of the shapes that have
been observed-hair, skin
5. Responses are analysed
quantitatively and qualitatively
Thematic appreciation test
? Murray and morgon
? Individual is confronted with a situation and required
to make a imaginary story and reveal his personality
? The complete version of the test contains 32 picture
cards. Some of the cards show male figures, some
female, some both male and female figures, some of
ambiguous gender, some adults, some children, and
some show no human figures at all.
? One card is completely blank and is used to elicit both
a scene and a story about the given scene from the
storyteller
? The subject is asked to tell as dramatic a story as they can for
each picture presented, including the following:
? what has led up to the event shown
? what is happening at the moment
? what the characters are feeling and thinking
? what the outcome of the story was
? May be administered individually or in a group
? Each of these scoring categories attempts to measure the
following information:
? ?Story Design measures an individual?s ability to identify and
formulate a problem situation.
?Story Orientation assesses an examinees level of personal
control, emotional distress, confidence and motivation.
?Story Solutions assesses how impulsive an examinee is. In
addition to evaluating the types of problem solutions that are
provided, the number of problem solutions that examinees
provide for each of the TAT cards is summed.
? Story Resolution provides information on the examinees
ability to formulate problem solutions that maximize both
short and long-term goals.
5 different aspects
? Hero-When there is a older and younger
women it is clear younger is hero
? Need of the hero : identify needs motives ,
desires of the hero
? Identifies the presses: Any environmental
factor that may interfere with her needs
? Scoring for themes: nature of interplay and
conflict between needs and presses-type
of emotions elicited by the conflict how it
is resolved
? Scoring for outcome-comparative
strengths emanating from the hero,
strengths of the environment, amount of
hardship, frustration experienced, degree
of success and failure, happy and unhappy
endings.
Children appreciation test
? 3-10 age group
? 10 cards-Depict animal characters
? Should focus on identification of 10 characters
? Main theme
? Main hero
? Main needs and drives of hero
? Conception of the environment
? How figures are seen
? Significant conflicts
? Nature of anxieties
? Main defence against conflict and fears
Picture projective tests
? General purpose instrument with improved
psychometric qualities
? Section of 30 pictures
? Had to show a promise of eliciting meaningful
projective material
? Most but not all had to include more than one
human character
? About half of the pictures had to depict
affective expression, active poses.
Word association tests
? List of words is presented to a
subject who is asked to respond
with the first word or idea that
comes to his mind
? Many of the words appear to be
emotionally neutral
? Special interest are words that
tend to elicit personalized
reactions
? Amount of time taken before
beginning each response and the
response itself
Drawing tests
? Relevant for children as his thoughts and
feelings float into his drawings unwillingly
? Draw a person test-certain graphic
expressionsnwithin drawings reflect
personality characteristics.
? Asked to construct a person of the opposite
gender drawn
Verbal tests
? Story telling
? Sentence completion test: A person who
does not use lakes is being thoughtful of
? the ecosystem
? Projective questionnaire: situations totally
correlated to the job or organization are
given
? Painting tests:
? Great way of expressing negative emotions
re-ordering and re-evaluating the way we
express ourselves
? Helpful for children to talk about personal
problems
TYPING TEST
? Passage
? Scores-number of words typed per minute and number
of errors made
? Typing speed and accuracy
? Techniques of typing
? Touch typing: hands are placed over the keyboard in a
specific formation. position of the key is memorized
? Hunt and peck type:
? Buffer method: looks at the source copy, mentally
stores one or several sentences and then looks at the
keyboard and types.
Shorthand test
? Process of writing in shorthand-stenography
Need
1) To deliver long phone messages
2) Environments where audiorecorders are forbidden-track of
information.
3) Health professionals may use shorthand notes in medical
charts
Computer proficiency test:
Measure of knowledge and competency
Components:
Word processing;
Email
Internet skills
Spreadsheets
Database
Interviewing
Interviews may be defined as face to face
communication method for knowing some
information about the potential job candidates.
It is a process of collecting some information
whether the candidates like the job or not.
Under these processes, job seekers invited to
appear at the interview board with their
relevant academic and other qualification
records
Feature:
? Pre arranged and planned process
? Two way communication
? Purposefully designed
? Conversation
Objectives:
Judgement of application
Information about the application
Developing confidence

Types of Interviews
? Preliminary interview -
Informal interview
Unstructured interview
? Core interview
Back ground information interview
Stress interview
Formal and structured interview
Panel interview
Group interview
Job and probing interview
Depth interview
? Decision making interview
Advantages: for company
? Provide information
? Helps to select a right candidates
? Improves goodwill
? Helps in promotion and transfer
For Candidate:
? Provide employment opportunity
? Helps candidates to accept or reject

Disadvantages:
? Expensive
? Subject to bias and persona traits
ineffective in some areas
? demands skilled interviewers
? Difficulty to analyse
Interview process
Planning the interview
Getting started
Examining five interview areas
Examining strengths and weakness
Listing to what is being said
Digging for behavioural gold
Probing for specific
Using an interview check list
Allowing candidates to ask questions at the end
Explain procedures of selection and concluding with a happy note
Making decision
Planning the interview
? Choose the appropriate types of interview
methods
? Identify the knowledge, skill and administrative
arrangements
? Number of interview rounds
? Finalise the venue and interview coverage area
? Getting started
?Warm up
?Ground rules

Examining 5 interview areas ? Work experience
? Education
? Career goals and objective
? Specific opportunity
? Personal life hobbies
Examining strength and weakness
? Strengths
? Weakness
? Why is should hire you?
? Self development
Listening to what is being said
? Listen with patience
? Understand the emotion of the speakers
? Restatement and summary
? Set aside time for Question & Discussion
? Avoid interrupting the speaker
? Talk less and listen more
Digging for behavioural gold
? As opposed to an archeologically dig involves
taking a specific incident or situation and
delving into it deeply.
? Lead in - Probe ? Probe ? Probe
Probing for specific
? Internal consulting skills
? Project management
? Attention to details
? Customer relationship
? Management styles
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
? The?general?intelligence,? g,?influences?the?
performance?on?all?mental?tasks,?while?another?
component?influences?abilities?on?a?particular?
task.
[7]
? Raven's Progressive Matrices?(often?referred?to?simply?as?Raven's
Matrices)?or?RPM?is?a?nonverbal?group?test?typically?used?in?
educational?settings.
? ?It?is?usually?a?60-item?test?used?in?measuring?abstract?reasoning?and?
regarded?as?a?non-verbal?estimate?of?fluid?intelligence.
[
? 1]
?It?is?the?most?common?and?popular?test?administered?to?groups?
ranging?from?5-year-olds?to?the?elderly.
[2]
? ?It?is?made?of?60?multiple?choice?questions,?listed?in?order?of?
difficulty.
[2
? ]
?This?format?is?designed?to?measure?the?test?taker's?reasoning?ability,?
the?eductive?("meaning-making")?component?of?Spearman's? g?( g?is?
often?referred?to?as?general?intelligence).?
? The?tests?were?originally?developed?by?John?C.?Raven?in?1936.
[3]
?In?
each?test?item,?the?subject?is?asked?to?identify?the?missing?element?
that?completes?a?pattern.
? ?Many?patterns?are?presented?in?the?form?of?a?6?6,?4?4,?3?3,?or?
2?2?matrix,?giving?the?test?its?name.
? All of the questions on the Raven's progressives
consist of visual geometric design with a missing
piece. The test taker is given six to eight choices to
pick from and fill in the missing piece.
[4]
? An IQ test item in the style of a Raven's
Progressive Matrices test. Given eight patterns,
the subject must identify the missing ninth
pattern
The Matrices are available in three different forms
for participants of different ability:
? Standard Progressive Matrices-This was
developed to assess a person?s intellectual ability
at the time of testing him with design or patterns.
? Person has to find relation between designs and
perform task. The booklet comprises five sets (A
to E) of 12 items each (e.g., A1 through A12),
? A and B-6 piece designs
? B & c-8 pieces of design. All items are presented
in black ink on a white background
? Coloured Progressive Matrices-Designed for
children aged 5 through 11 years-of-age, the
elderly, and mentally and physically impaired
individual participants.
? Tests the intellectual capacity of young
children and people.
? Coloured progressive matrixes-assess a
persons capacity of level of observation and
clear thinking
? This is a language free test
? The scale has two sets A and b and ab set
Advanced Progressive Matrices
? ?Persons?who?are?above?11?years?and?those?
who?are?above?average?in?mental?ability.
? Time?limit
? The?first?set?has?12?problems,2
nd
?set?contains?
48?items,?presented?as?one?set?of?12?(set?I),?
and?another?of?36?(set?II).?
Difference between individual test and
group test
Basic difference Individual test Group test
Sample size Small sample Ultra large samples
Format Open ended Multi choice
Examiner's role Significant role, Minimal role
Time factors More time consuming Less time consuming
Physical & personality test
? Physical abilities use tasks or abilities that
require physical ability to perform
? Measure physical attributes and characteristics
? Personality Assessment test:
? Personality means how people affect othersand
how they understand and view themselves as
well as their pattern of inner and outer
measurable traits and person situation
interaction
? Not a single characteristic; multidimensional in
nature with many interacting elements
Personality?assessment?test
? A?personality? test?is? a? questionnaire? or? other?
standardized? instrument? designed? to? reveal?
aspects? of? an? individual's? character? or?
psychological? makeup.? The? first?personality?
tests?were? developed? in? the? 1920s? and? were?
intended? to? ease? the? process? of? personnel?
selection,?particularly?in?the?armed?forces.?
? the?combination?of?characteristics?or?qualities?
that?form?an?individual's?distinctive?character.
Measuring personality:
? Personality rating methods
? Personality inventories
? Situational tests
? Projective methods
Personality rating methods
? Rating is a term applied or judgment regarding
some situation, object or character. Opinion
are usually expresses on a scale of values.
Rating techniques are derive which such
judgements may be quantified.
Rating scales:
?is a selected list of words , phrases , sentences or para
following which an observer records value or rating based
upon objective scale of values
? A rating scale is an instrument i.e. A list of questions
that is set to enable the reviewer to indicate the, size
or intensity of the underlying characteristics of a
person.
? Description of the characteristics ?clarity-rate
? Items on each scale must b described in such a way-to
know what they mean
? Items should be described in terms of behaviour
? The description of the personality
characteristic must be clear and we defined
? The item on each scale end must be described
? It should be concrete behaviour
Types?of?rating?scale:?
- Graphic?scale?
- A?straight?line?is?drawn?and?divided?into?many?parts?.?
Each?part-number?of?adjectives?are?written.
- Evaluator?has?to?mark?any?of?these.
- Length?of?the?line-5?inches
- 3-5?adjectives?are?used
- Division?on?the?line?should?be?equidistant
- Graphic?Rating?Scale?is?a?type?of?performance?
appraisal?method.?In?this?method?traits?or?behaviours?
that?are?important?for?effective?performance?are?listed?
out?and?each?employee?is?rated?against?these?traits.?
The?rating?helps?employers?to?quantify?the?behaviours?
displayed?by?its?employees.
? Numerical scale:
Marks as associated with certain indicators.
Data that are counted or measured using a
numerically defined method are called
numerical (quantitative).
Three point, five point seven point scale
? Ranking?order:?Statistical?technique,?rank?are?mentioned?in?the?
descending?order.?
? A?Rank?Order?scale?gives?the?respondent?a?set?of?items?and?asks?
them?to?put?the?items?in?some?form?oforder.?The?measure?of?
'order'?can?include?such?as?preference,?importance,?liking,?
effectiveness?and?so?on.?The?order?is?often?a?simple?ordinal?
structure?(A?is?higher?than?B)
? Paired?comparison?scale???each?person?compared?with?other?in?the?
group?
? The?Paired?Comparison?Scaling?is?a?comparative?scaling?technique?
wherein?the?respondent?is?shown?two?objects?at?the?same?time?and?
is?asked?to?select?one?according?to?the?defined?criterion.?
Rank order
Paired comparision
Forced choice scale
Forced choiced scale
? Forced choice refers to a specific format for
response options in survey questionnaires. In
a forced choice format, respondents are not
given a specific option to reflect a
"nonresponse" type choice, such as "no
opinion," "don't know," "not sure," or "not
applicable." Respondents must select a
response choice that provides a specific
answer to the survey item.
Rating interview-
The interviewing process often includes the use
of rating scales that the interviewers (also called
?raters?) use to evaluate the quality of the
interview and lead to some kind of
recommendation of the candidate for the job in
question.
Assess personality characteristicsof a subject on
a standardised rating scale.
Discusses worker?s achievement
? Situational tests: real life conditioning are
simulate
? Candidate?s spontaneous reactions will be
recorded
? It is done in a group and based on them
? It include role play, case studies, group
discussion

Types of situational test:
Derived from latin word socius ?social; metrum-
measure by Jacob L Moreno
Sociometry : the study of relationships within a
group of people.
Assess the positive and negative links between
persons within a group.
Sociometry is a way of measuring relationships
between people. Sociometric tests can include
variety of procedures used within social groups to
measure social status, popularity, peer
acceptance or rejection and reputation
Sociometry
? Used to evaluate group structure
? Measure amount of organization shown by
social group-sociometric test
? Made in respect to work, home , school
groups
? Determines position of each individual in a
group in which he has to function
CONSTRUCTION OF A SOCIOGRAM
A E F G
H
D
B I J
c K M
D is a star ?chosen by most of the members
J and g are unpopular
D serves as a bridge
ABCD has all channel communication
? Diagrammatic representation of patterns
showing interpersonal relationship
? This indicates choices, preferences, likes,
dislikes,interaction between individual
members in a group
? Gives a visual picture of sociometric structure
of a group
Various kinds of interaction in Sociometry test
? Social networks- a specific set of linkages among
defined set of people cluster
? Prescribed clusters- formal group within network
? Emergent clusters ? cluster of people who
temporarily align together to attain certain
objective
? Cliques- relatively permanent informal group
involving friendship
? Liaisons - individual who connect two or more
cluster but are no members of any cluster
? Bridges : connection as a linking pins by
belonging to two or more clusters
Importance of sociometry:
? Help to measure and build relationship
? Provide rich data
? Helps in group development
? Enhance group and individual perceptive
Psychodrama
?A body of philosophical, therapeutic,
educational, action based techniques-J.L
Moreno
- Action techniques in which individuals use
enactment to explore material that is
identified specific and personal to them.
Psychodrama is an action method, often used as
a psychotherapy, in which clients use
spontaneous dramatization, role playing, and
dramatic self-presentation to investigate and
gain insight into their lives.
Elements:
Stage- concrete situation within which protagonist story
can be brought to life
? Protagonist- is a person whose story is being enacted or
told. .
? the leading character or one of the major characters in a
play, film, novel, etc.
Director ? professional therapist who leads action and
planning.
He takes decisions involving what material
Auxiliary ego-is the position taken by other participants in a
role-playing exercise, or psychodrama, in order to simulate
particular situations for the protagonists.
role they take and what experience they bring to it.
Audience
Socio drama:
Variant of psychodrama
? A sociodrama is a dramatic play in which
several individuals spontaneously enact social
situations to understand situations more fully.
? Assign roles for the purpose of studying and
remedying problems in group or collective
relationships.
Enact various solutions to social problems.
? After each sociodrama, they have to debrief
an enactment and note what was learned.
? Brainstorm, problem solving and closure
Difference between Socio and
Psychodrama
PSYCHODRAMA SOCIOMETRY
EXPLORE INNER WORLD OF THE PERSON SOCIAL WORLD
INTRAPERSONAL INTERPERSONAL
Advantage of situational test:
Reveals personality characteristics
Superior to rating methods
Convenient
Useful in selection
Disadvantages:
Time consuming
Expensive
Personality inventories
? Francis Galton in 19
th
centaury
? Designed to assess the stable and enduring
characteristics of a person that may affect job
performance and workplace behavior.
? Inventories are known as questionnaires or scale
? Respondents are given list of statements in
standard order with fixed set of response
? Responses-assigned ratings to yield numerical
scores options
Types of inventories
? Bell adjustment inventory:
? Assesses individuals adjustment in variety of
situations
? Consists of 160 items & 4 subscales: home,
health, social, emotional
? High scores-poor adjustment; low scores-
better adjustment
Bernreuter test
? Robert G bernreuter-personality traits
? 125 questions-6 scales-B1N,B2S,B3-I,B4-D,F1C,
& F2S(BIPOLAR)
Personality characteristics of industrial and
other organisations
California Personality inventory
? *Created by Harrison Dough in 1956
? Purpose-to measure and evaluate an individual?s
interpersonal behavior and social interaction
? 434-true-false questions;18 scales
1. Measure of poise, ascendancy, self assurance and
interpersonal adequacy
2. Measure of socialization ,responsibility, intrapersonal
values, and character
3. Measure of achievement potiential & intellectual
efficiency
4. Measure of intellectual modes and interest modes
Minnesota personality scale
? Has separate forms for men and women
? Rates following aspects of personality
1. Morale
2. Social adjustment
3. Family relations
4. Emotionability-degree of stability
5. Used for last 2yrs of high school, college and
sometimes adults
6. Five choices-agree, strongly agree, undecided,
disagree,strongly disagree
? Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory
? 550 items, item is printed on separate card
? Inventory-indicates personality traits of the
individual
? One has to respond to questions with answers
?yes, no ,doubtful in the box provided.
? Responses are evaluated
Cornell index
? Standardised questionnaire for males only
? 101 items fall into 2 categories
1. Those differentiating sharply between persons
with serious personality disorders
(Does worrying continually get you down)
2. Those concerned with bodily symptoms-trouble
with food digestion
Response should be ?yes or no?
Effective in showing presence of anxiety states,
migraine,peptic ulcers, convulsive disorders,
asthma
Myer?briggs?type?indicator
? Based?on?Carl?jung?s?theory?of?personality
? Useful?in?promoting?personal?growth,?self?awareness,?
leadership?skills,?team?building,?career?development,?and?
improved?interpersonal?skills.
? Yields?scores?on?4??bipolar?dimensions:
1. Introversion-extroversion
2. Sensing-intuition- Sensing?and? intuition?are?the?
information-gathering?(perceiving)?functions.
3. Thinking-feeling-are?the?decision-making?(judging)?
functions.?Based?on?the?data?received?from?their?
information-gathering?functions
Subjective Objective
Perception Intuition/Sensing
Judging Feeling/Thinking
? Introversion?(thinking?things?through)?more?than?Extraversion?
(interacting?with?people)
? Sensing?(perceiving?tangible?facts)?more?than?iNtuition?
(perceiving?new?possibilities)
? Feeling?(making?decisions?using?subjective?values)?more?than?
Thinking?(making?decisions?using?objective?logic)
? Judgement?(an?organised?lifestyle)?more?than?Perception?(a?
flexible?lifestyle)
ISTJ ISFJ INFJ INTJ
ISTP ISFP INFP INTP
ESTP ESFP ENFP ENTP
ESTJ ESFJ ENFJ ENTJ
Myers-Briggs Types
Projective?methods
? A? projective?test?is?a?personality?test?designed?to?
let?a?person?respond?to?ambiguous?stimuli,?
presumably?revealing?hidden?emotions?and?
internal?conflicts?projected?by?the?person?into?the?
test
? Assess?the?way?people?respond?and?interpret?
inkblote?and?pictures?in?which?motives?and?
feelings?are?not?clear.
? This?is?a?sign?of?projection?of?their?own?
uncontrollable?feelings,?emotion,?personality??
characteristics
Rorschach Ink blot test
? Herman Rorschach-1921.
? determines the emotional and impulsive tendencies.
? Possible mental disturbance , introversion and
intelligence can be deduced
? Gives total image of testee?s personality
? Test composed of 10 cards on which inkblots appear
? Five inkblots are of black ink, two are of black and red
ink and three are multicolored, on a white background.
? Tester shows cards to the testee one by one and tests
responds what each card portrays
? Tester notes verbal responses(silences , time taken to
respond , how he holds the card , non-verbal behavior)
In next stage-what characteristics of
inkblots led to his responses which are
then noted, categorized &evaluated
on factors such as:
1. Observation and movement testee
has discerned from cards
2. Contents ascribed to inkblots-What
the inkblots represent
3. Light and shadow observed by
testee
4. Texture of the shapes that have
been observed-hair, skin
5. Responses are analysed
quantitatively and qualitatively
Thematic appreciation test
? Murray and morgon
? Individual is confronted with a situation and required
to make a imaginary story and reveal his personality
? The complete version of the test contains 32 picture
cards. Some of the cards show male figures, some
female, some both male and female figures, some of
ambiguous gender, some adults, some children, and
some show no human figures at all.
? One card is completely blank and is used to elicit both
a scene and a story about the given scene from the
storyteller
? The subject is asked to tell as dramatic a story as they can for
each picture presented, including the following:
? what has led up to the event shown
? what is happening at the moment
? what the characters are feeling and thinking
? what the outcome of the story was
? May be administered individually or in a group
? Each of these scoring categories attempts to measure the
following information:
? ?Story Design measures an individual?s ability to identify and
formulate a problem situation.
?Story Orientation assesses an examinees level of personal
control, emotional distress, confidence and motivation.
?Story Solutions assesses how impulsive an examinee is. In
addition to evaluating the types of problem solutions that are
provided, the number of problem solutions that examinees
provide for each of the TAT cards is summed.
? Story Resolution provides information on the examinees
ability to formulate problem solutions that maximize both
short and long-term goals.
5 different aspects
? Hero-When there is a older and younger
women it is clear younger is hero
? Need of the hero : identify needs motives ,
desires of the hero
? Identifies the presses: Any environmental
factor that may interfere with her needs
? Scoring for themes: nature of interplay and
conflict between needs and presses-type
of emotions elicited by the conflict how it
is resolved
? Scoring for outcome-comparative
strengths emanating from the hero,
strengths of the environment, amount of
hardship, frustration experienced, degree
of success and failure, happy and unhappy
endings.
Children appreciation test
? 3-10 age group
? 10 cards-Depict animal characters
? Should focus on identification of 10 characters
? Main theme
? Main hero
? Main needs and drives of hero
? Conception of the environment
? How figures are seen
? Significant conflicts
? Nature of anxieties
? Main defence against conflict and fears
Picture projective tests
? General purpose instrument with improved
psychometric qualities
? Section of 30 pictures
? Had to show a promise of eliciting meaningful
projective material
? Most but not all had to include more than one
human character
? About half of the pictures had to depict
affective expression, active poses.
Word association tests
? List of words is presented to a
subject who is asked to respond
with the first word or idea that
comes to his mind
? Many of the words appear to be
emotionally neutral
? Special interest are words that
tend to elicit personalized
reactions
? Amount of time taken before
beginning each response and the
response itself
Drawing tests
? Relevant for children as his thoughts and
feelings float into his drawings unwillingly
? Draw a person test-certain graphic
expressionsnwithin drawings reflect
personality characteristics.
? Asked to construct a person of the opposite
gender drawn
Verbal tests
? Story telling
? Sentence completion test: A person who
does not use lakes is being thoughtful of
? the ecosystem
? Projective questionnaire: situations totally
correlated to the job or organization are
given
? Painting tests:
? Great way of expressing negative emotions
re-ordering and re-evaluating the way we
express ourselves
? Helpful for children to talk about personal
problems
TYPING TEST
? Passage
? Scores-number of words typed per minute and number
of errors made
? Typing speed and accuracy
? Techniques of typing
? Touch typing: hands are placed over the keyboard in a
specific formation. position of the key is memorized
? Hunt and peck type:
? Buffer method: looks at the source copy, mentally
stores one or several sentences and then looks at the
keyboard and types.
Shorthand test
? Process of writing in shorthand-stenography
Need
1) To deliver long phone messages
2) Environments where audiorecorders are forbidden-track of
information.
3) Health professionals may use shorthand notes in medical
charts
Computer proficiency test:
Measure of knowledge and competency
Components:
Word processing;
Email
Internet skills
Spreadsheets
Database
Interviewing
Interviews may be defined as face to face
communication method for knowing some
information about the potential job candidates.
It is a process of collecting some information
whether the candidates like the job or not.
Under these processes, job seekers invited to
appear at the interview board with their
relevant academic and other qualification
records
Feature:
? Pre arranged and planned process
? Two way communication
? Purposefully designed
? Conversation
Objectives:
Judgement of application
Information about the application
Developing confidence

Types of Interviews
? Preliminary interview -
Informal interview
Unstructured interview
? Core interview
Back ground information interview
Stress interview
Formal and structured interview
Panel interview
Group interview
Job and probing interview
Depth interview
? Decision making interview
Advantages: for company
? Provide information
? Helps to select a right candidates
? Improves goodwill
? Helps in promotion and transfer
For Candidate:
? Provide employment opportunity
? Helps candidates to accept or reject

Disadvantages:
? Expensive
? Subject to bias and persona traits
ineffective in some areas
? demands skilled interviewers
? Difficulty to analyse
Interview process
Planning the interview
Getting started
Examining five interview areas
Examining strengths and weakness
Listing to what is being said
Digging for behavioural gold
Probing for specific
Using an interview check list
Allowing candidates to ask questions at the end
Explain procedures of selection and concluding with a happy note
Making decision
Planning the interview
? Choose the appropriate types of interview
methods
? Identify the knowledge, skill and administrative
arrangements
? Number of interview rounds
? Finalise the venue and interview coverage area
? Getting started
?Warm up
?Ground rules

Examining 5 interview areas ? Work experience
? Education
? Career goals and objective
? Specific opportunity
? Personal life hobbies
Examining strength and weakness
? Strengths
? Weakness
? Why is should hire you?
? Self development
Listening to what is being said
? Listen with patience
? Understand the emotion of the speakers
? Restatement and summary
? Set aside time for Question & Discussion
? Avoid interrupting the speaker
? Talk less and listen more
Digging for behavioural gold
? As opposed to an archeologically dig involves
taking a specific incident or situation and
delving into it deeply.
? Lead in - Probe ? Probe ? Probe
Probing for specific
? Internal consulting skills
? Project management
? Attention to details
? Customer relationship
? Management styles
? Spotting pattern
? Using an interview check list
? Allowing candidates to ask questions at the
end
? Explain procedures of selection and
concluding with a happy note
? Making decision
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
? The?general?intelligence,? g,?influences?the?
performance?on?all?mental?tasks,?while?another?
component?influences?abilities?on?a?particular?
task.
[7]
? Raven's Progressive Matrices?(often?referred?to?simply?as?Raven's
Matrices)?or?RPM?is?a?nonverbal?group?test?typically?used?in?
educational?settings.
? ?It?is?usually?a?60-item?test?used?in?measuring?abstract?reasoning?and?
regarded?as?a?non-verbal?estimate?of?fluid?intelligence.
[
? 1]
?It?is?the?most?common?and?popular?test?administered?to?groups?
ranging?from?5-year-olds?to?the?elderly.
[2]
? ?It?is?made?of?60?multiple?choice?questions,?listed?in?order?of?
difficulty.
[2
? ]
?This?format?is?designed?to?measure?the?test?taker's?reasoning?ability,?
the?eductive?("meaning-making")?component?of?Spearman's? g?( g?is?
often?referred?to?as?general?intelligence).?
? The?tests?were?originally?developed?by?John?C.?Raven?in?1936.
[3]
?In?
each?test?item,?the?subject?is?asked?to?identify?the?missing?element?
that?completes?a?pattern.
? ?Many?patterns?are?presented?in?the?form?of?a?6?6,?4?4,?3?3,?or?
2?2?matrix,?giving?the?test?its?name.
? All of the questions on the Raven's progressives
consist of visual geometric design with a missing
piece. The test taker is given six to eight choices to
pick from and fill in the missing piece.
[4]
? An IQ test item in the style of a Raven's
Progressive Matrices test. Given eight patterns,
the subject must identify the missing ninth
pattern
The Matrices are available in three different forms
for participants of different ability:
? Standard Progressive Matrices-This was
developed to assess a person?s intellectual ability
at the time of testing him with design or patterns.
? Person has to find relation between designs and
perform task. The booklet comprises five sets (A
to E) of 12 items each (e.g., A1 through A12),
? A and B-6 piece designs
? B & c-8 pieces of design. All items are presented
in black ink on a white background
? Coloured Progressive Matrices-Designed for
children aged 5 through 11 years-of-age, the
elderly, and mentally and physically impaired
individual participants.
? Tests the intellectual capacity of young
children and people.
? Coloured progressive matrixes-assess a
persons capacity of level of observation and
clear thinking
? This is a language free test
? The scale has two sets A and b and ab set
Advanced Progressive Matrices
? ?Persons?who?are?above?11?years?and?those?
who?are?above?average?in?mental?ability.
? Time?limit
? The?first?set?has?12?problems,2
nd
?set?contains?
48?items,?presented?as?one?set?of?12?(set?I),?
and?another?of?36?(set?II).?
Difference between individual test and
group test
Basic difference Individual test Group test
Sample size Small sample Ultra large samples
Format Open ended Multi choice
Examiner's role Significant role, Minimal role
Time factors More time consuming Less time consuming
Physical & personality test
? Physical abilities use tasks or abilities that
require physical ability to perform
? Measure physical attributes and characteristics
? Personality Assessment test:
? Personality means how people affect othersand
how they understand and view themselves as
well as their pattern of inner and outer
measurable traits and person situation
interaction
? Not a single characteristic; multidimensional in
nature with many interacting elements
Personality?assessment?test
? A?personality? test?is? a? questionnaire? or? other?
standardized? instrument? designed? to? reveal?
aspects? of? an? individual's? character? or?
psychological? makeup.? The? first?personality?
tests?were? developed? in? the? 1920s? and? were?
intended? to? ease? the? process? of? personnel?
selection,?particularly?in?the?armed?forces.?
? the?combination?of?characteristics?or?qualities?
that?form?an?individual's?distinctive?character.
Measuring personality:
? Personality rating methods
? Personality inventories
? Situational tests
? Projective methods
Personality rating methods
? Rating is a term applied or judgment regarding
some situation, object or character. Opinion
are usually expresses on a scale of values.
Rating techniques are derive which such
judgements may be quantified.
Rating scales:
?is a selected list of words , phrases , sentences or para
following which an observer records value or rating based
upon objective scale of values
? A rating scale is an instrument i.e. A list of questions
that is set to enable the reviewer to indicate the, size
or intensity of the underlying characteristics of a
person.
? Description of the characteristics ?clarity-rate
? Items on each scale must b described in such a way-to
know what they mean
? Items should be described in terms of behaviour
? The description of the personality
characteristic must be clear and we defined
? The item on each scale end must be described
? It should be concrete behaviour
Types?of?rating?scale:?
- Graphic?scale?
- A?straight?line?is?drawn?and?divided?into?many?parts?.?
Each?part-number?of?adjectives?are?written.
- Evaluator?has?to?mark?any?of?these.
- Length?of?the?line-5?inches
- 3-5?adjectives?are?used
- Division?on?the?line?should?be?equidistant
- Graphic?Rating?Scale?is?a?type?of?performance?
appraisal?method.?In?this?method?traits?or?behaviours?
that?are?important?for?effective?performance?are?listed?
out?and?each?employee?is?rated?against?these?traits.?
The?rating?helps?employers?to?quantify?the?behaviours?
displayed?by?its?employees.
? Numerical scale:
Marks as associated with certain indicators.
Data that are counted or measured using a
numerically defined method are called
numerical (quantitative).
Three point, five point seven point scale
? Ranking?order:?Statistical?technique,?rank?are?mentioned?in?the?
descending?order.?
? A?Rank?Order?scale?gives?the?respondent?a?set?of?items?and?asks?
them?to?put?the?items?in?some?form?oforder.?The?measure?of?
'order'?can?include?such?as?preference,?importance,?liking,?
effectiveness?and?so?on.?The?order?is?often?a?simple?ordinal?
structure?(A?is?higher?than?B)
? Paired?comparison?scale???each?person?compared?with?other?in?the?
group?
? The?Paired?Comparison?Scaling?is?a?comparative?scaling?technique?
wherein?the?respondent?is?shown?two?objects?at?the?same?time?and?
is?asked?to?select?one?according?to?the?defined?criterion.?
Rank order
Paired comparision
Forced choice scale
Forced choiced scale
? Forced choice refers to a specific format for
response options in survey questionnaires. In
a forced choice format, respondents are not
given a specific option to reflect a
"nonresponse" type choice, such as "no
opinion," "don't know," "not sure," or "not
applicable." Respondents must select a
response choice that provides a specific
answer to the survey item.
Rating interview-
The interviewing process often includes the use
of rating scales that the interviewers (also called
?raters?) use to evaluate the quality of the
interview and lead to some kind of
recommendation of the candidate for the job in
question.
Assess personality characteristicsof a subject on
a standardised rating scale.
Discusses worker?s achievement
? Situational tests: real life conditioning are
simulate
? Candidate?s spontaneous reactions will be
recorded
? It is done in a group and based on them
? It include role play, case studies, group
discussion

Types of situational test:
Derived from latin word socius ?social; metrum-
measure by Jacob L Moreno
Sociometry : the study of relationships within a
group of people.
Assess the positive and negative links between
persons within a group.
Sociometry is a way of measuring relationships
between people. Sociometric tests can include
variety of procedures used within social groups to
measure social status, popularity, peer
acceptance or rejection and reputation
Sociometry
? Used to evaluate group structure
? Measure amount of organization shown by
social group-sociometric test
? Made in respect to work, home , school
groups
? Determines position of each individual in a
group in which he has to function
CONSTRUCTION OF A SOCIOGRAM
A E F G
H
D
B I J
c K M
D is a star ?chosen by most of the members
J and g are unpopular
D serves as a bridge
ABCD has all channel communication
? Diagrammatic representation of patterns
showing interpersonal relationship
? This indicates choices, preferences, likes,
dislikes,interaction between individual
members in a group
? Gives a visual picture of sociometric structure
of a group
Various kinds of interaction in Sociometry test
? Social networks- a specific set of linkages among
defined set of people cluster
? Prescribed clusters- formal group within network
? Emergent clusters ? cluster of people who
temporarily align together to attain certain
objective
? Cliques- relatively permanent informal group
involving friendship
? Liaisons - individual who connect two or more
cluster but are no members of any cluster
? Bridges : connection as a linking pins by
belonging to two or more clusters
Importance of sociometry:
? Help to measure and build relationship
? Provide rich data
? Helps in group development
? Enhance group and individual perceptive
Psychodrama
?A body of philosophical, therapeutic,
educational, action based techniques-J.L
Moreno
- Action techniques in which individuals use
enactment to explore material that is
identified specific and personal to them.
Psychodrama is an action method, often used as
a psychotherapy, in which clients use
spontaneous dramatization, role playing, and
dramatic self-presentation to investigate and
gain insight into their lives.
Elements:
Stage- concrete situation within which protagonist story
can be brought to life
? Protagonist- is a person whose story is being enacted or
told. .
? the leading character or one of the major characters in a
play, film, novel, etc.
Director ? professional therapist who leads action and
planning.
He takes decisions involving what material
Auxiliary ego-is the position taken by other participants in a
role-playing exercise, or psychodrama, in order to simulate
particular situations for the protagonists.
role they take and what experience they bring to it.
Audience
Socio drama:
Variant of psychodrama
? A sociodrama is a dramatic play in which
several individuals spontaneously enact social
situations to understand situations more fully.
? Assign roles for the purpose of studying and
remedying problems in group or collective
relationships.
Enact various solutions to social problems.
? After each sociodrama, they have to debrief
an enactment and note what was learned.
? Brainstorm, problem solving and closure
Difference between Socio and
Psychodrama
PSYCHODRAMA SOCIOMETRY
EXPLORE INNER WORLD OF THE PERSON SOCIAL WORLD
INTRAPERSONAL INTERPERSONAL
Advantage of situational test:
Reveals personality characteristics
Superior to rating methods
Convenient
Useful in selection
Disadvantages:
Time consuming
Expensive
Personality inventories
? Francis Galton in 19
th
centaury
? Designed to assess the stable and enduring
characteristics of a person that may affect job
performance and workplace behavior.
? Inventories are known as questionnaires or scale
? Respondents are given list of statements in
standard order with fixed set of response
? Responses-assigned ratings to yield numerical
scores options
Types of inventories
? Bell adjustment inventory:
? Assesses individuals adjustment in variety of
situations
? Consists of 160 items & 4 subscales: home,
health, social, emotional
? High scores-poor adjustment; low scores-
better adjustment
Bernreuter test
? Robert G bernreuter-personality traits
? 125 questions-6 scales-B1N,B2S,B3-I,B4-D,F1C,
& F2S(BIPOLAR)
Personality characteristics of industrial and
other organisations
California Personality inventory
? *Created by Harrison Dough in 1956
? Purpose-to measure and evaluate an individual?s
interpersonal behavior and social interaction
? 434-true-false questions;18 scales
1. Measure of poise, ascendancy, self assurance and
interpersonal adequacy
2. Measure of socialization ,responsibility, intrapersonal
values, and character
3. Measure of achievement potiential & intellectual
efficiency
4. Measure of intellectual modes and interest modes
Minnesota personality scale
? Has separate forms for men and women
? Rates following aspects of personality
1. Morale
2. Social adjustment
3. Family relations
4. Emotionability-degree of stability
5. Used for last 2yrs of high school, college and
sometimes adults
6. Five choices-agree, strongly agree, undecided,
disagree,strongly disagree
? Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory
? 550 items, item is printed on separate card
? Inventory-indicates personality traits of the
individual
? One has to respond to questions with answers
?yes, no ,doubtful in the box provided.
? Responses are evaluated
Cornell index
? Standardised questionnaire for males only
? 101 items fall into 2 categories
1. Those differentiating sharply between persons
with serious personality disorders
(Does worrying continually get you down)
2. Those concerned with bodily symptoms-trouble
with food digestion
Response should be ?yes or no?
Effective in showing presence of anxiety states,
migraine,peptic ulcers, convulsive disorders,
asthma
Myer?briggs?type?indicator
? Based?on?Carl?jung?s?theory?of?personality
? Useful?in?promoting?personal?growth,?self?awareness,?
leadership?skills,?team?building,?career?development,?and?
improved?interpersonal?skills.
? Yields?scores?on?4??bipolar?dimensions:
1. Introversion-extroversion
2. Sensing-intuition- Sensing?and? intuition?are?the?
information-gathering?(perceiving)?functions.
3. Thinking-feeling-are?the?decision-making?(judging)?
functions.?Based?on?the?data?received?from?their?
information-gathering?functions
Subjective Objective
Perception Intuition/Sensing
Judging Feeling/Thinking
? Introversion?(thinking?things?through)?more?than?Extraversion?
(interacting?with?people)
? Sensing?(perceiving?tangible?facts)?more?than?iNtuition?
(perceiving?new?possibilities)
? Feeling?(making?decisions?using?subjective?values)?more?than?
Thinking?(making?decisions?using?objective?logic)
? Judgement?(an?organised?lifestyle)?more?than?Perception?(a?
flexible?lifestyle)
ISTJ ISFJ INFJ INTJ
ISTP ISFP INFP INTP
ESTP ESFP ENFP ENTP
ESTJ ESFJ ENFJ ENTJ
Myers-Briggs Types
Projective?methods
? A? projective?test?is?a?personality?test?designed?to?
let?a?person?respond?to?ambiguous?stimuli,?
presumably?revealing?hidden?emotions?and?
internal?conflicts?projected?by?the?person?into?the?
test
? Assess?the?way?people?respond?and?interpret?
inkblote?and?pictures?in?which?motives?and?
feelings?are?not?clear.
? This?is?a?sign?of?projection?of?their?own?
uncontrollable?feelings,?emotion,?personality??
characteristics
Rorschach Ink blot test
? Herman Rorschach-1921.
? determines the emotional and impulsive tendencies.
? Possible mental disturbance , introversion and
intelligence can be deduced
? Gives total image of testee?s personality
? Test composed of 10 cards on which inkblots appear
? Five inkblots are of black ink, two are of black and red
ink and three are multicolored, on a white background.
? Tester shows cards to the testee one by one and tests
responds what each card portrays
? Tester notes verbal responses(silences , time taken to
respond , how he holds the card , non-verbal behavior)
In next stage-what characteristics of
inkblots led to his responses which are
then noted, categorized &evaluated
on factors such as:
1. Observation and movement testee
has discerned from cards
2. Contents ascribed to inkblots-What
the inkblots represent
3. Light and shadow observed by
testee
4. Texture of the shapes that have
been observed-hair, skin
5. Responses are analysed
quantitatively and qualitatively
Thematic appreciation test
? Murray and morgon
? Individual is confronted with a situation and required
to make a imaginary story and reveal his personality
? The complete version of the test contains 32 picture
cards. Some of the cards show male figures, some
female, some both male and female figures, some of
ambiguous gender, some adults, some children, and
some show no human figures at all.
? One card is completely blank and is used to elicit both
a scene and a story about the given scene from the
storyteller
? The subject is asked to tell as dramatic a story as they can for
each picture presented, including the following:
? what has led up to the event shown
? what is happening at the moment
? what the characters are feeling and thinking
? what the outcome of the story was
? May be administered individually or in a group
? Each of these scoring categories attempts to measure the
following information:
? ?Story Design measures an individual?s ability to identify and
formulate a problem situation.
?Story Orientation assesses an examinees level of personal
control, emotional distress, confidence and motivation.
?Story Solutions assesses how impulsive an examinee is. In
addition to evaluating the types of problem solutions that are
provided, the number of problem solutions that examinees
provide for each of the TAT cards is summed.
? Story Resolution provides information on the examinees
ability to formulate problem solutions that maximize both
short and long-term goals.
5 different aspects
? Hero-When there is a older and younger
women it is clear younger is hero
? Need of the hero : identify needs motives ,
desires of the hero
? Identifies the presses: Any environmental
factor that may interfere with her needs
? Scoring for themes: nature of interplay and
conflict between needs and presses-type
of emotions elicited by the conflict how it
is resolved
? Scoring for outcome-comparative
strengths emanating from the hero,
strengths of the environment, amount of
hardship, frustration experienced, degree
of success and failure, happy and unhappy
endings.
Children appreciation test
? 3-10 age group
? 10 cards-Depict animal characters
? Should focus on identification of 10 characters
? Main theme
? Main hero
? Main needs and drives of hero
? Conception of the environment
? How figures are seen
? Significant conflicts
? Nature of anxieties
? Main defence against conflict and fears
Picture projective tests
? General purpose instrument with improved
psychometric qualities
? Section of 30 pictures
? Had to show a promise of eliciting meaningful
projective material
? Most but not all had to include more than one
human character
? About half of the pictures had to depict
affective expression, active poses.
Word association tests
? List of words is presented to a
subject who is asked to respond
with the first word or idea that
comes to his mind
? Many of the words appear to be
emotionally neutral
? Special interest are words that
tend to elicit personalized
reactions
? Amount of time taken before
beginning each response and the
response itself
Drawing tests
? Relevant for children as his thoughts and
feelings float into his drawings unwillingly
? Draw a person test-certain graphic
expressionsnwithin drawings reflect
personality characteristics.
? Asked to construct a person of the opposite
gender drawn
Verbal tests
? Story telling
? Sentence completion test: A person who
does not use lakes is being thoughtful of
? the ecosystem
? Projective questionnaire: situations totally
correlated to the job or organization are
given
? Painting tests:
? Great way of expressing negative emotions
re-ordering and re-evaluating the way we
express ourselves
? Helpful for children to talk about personal
problems
TYPING TEST
? Passage
? Scores-number of words typed per minute and number
of errors made
? Typing speed and accuracy
? Techniques of typing
? Touch typing: hands are placed over the keyboard in a
specific formation. position of the key is memorized
? Hunt and peck type:
? Buffer method: looks at the source copy, mentally
stores one or several sentences and then looks at the
keyboard and types.
Shorthand test
? Process of writing in shorthand-stenography
Need
1) To deliver long phone messages
2) Environments where audiorecorders are forbidden-track of
information.
3) Health professionals may use shorthand notes in medical
charts
Computer proficiency test:
Measure of knowledge and competency
Components:
Word processing;
Email
Internet skills
Spreadsheets
Database
Interviewing
Interviews may be defined as face to face
communication method for knowing some
information about the potential job candidates.
It is a process of collecting some information
whether the candidates like the job or not.
Under these processes, job seekers invited to
appear at the interview board with their
relevant academic and other qualification
records
Feature:
? Pre arranged and planned process
? Two way communication
? Purposefully designed
? Conversation
Objectives:
Judgement of application
Information about the application
Developing confidence

Types of Interviews
? Preliminary interview -
Informal interview
Unstructured interview
? Core interview
Back ground information interview
Stress interview
Formal and structured interview
Panel interview
Group interview
Job and probing interview
Depth interview
? Decision making interview
Advantages: for company
? Provide information
? Helps to select a right candidates
? Improves goodwill
? Helps in promotion and transfer
For Candidate:
? Provide employment opportunity
? Helps candidates to accept or reject

Disadvantages:
? Expensive
? Subject to bias and persona traits
ineffective in some areas
? demands skilled interviewers
? Difficulty to analyse
Interview process
Planning the interview
Getting started
Examining five interview areas
Examining strengths and weakness
Listing to what is being said
Digging for behavioural gold
Probing for specific
Using an interview check list
Allowing candidates to ask questions at the end
Explain procedures of selection and concluding with a happy note
Making decision
Planning the interview
? Choose the appropriate types of interview
methods
? Identify the knowledge, skill and administrative
arrangements
? Number of interview rounds
? Finalise the venue and interview coverage area
? Getting started
?Warm up
?Ground rules

Examining 5 interview areas ? Work experience
? Education
? Career goals and objective
? Specific opportunity
? Personal life hobbies
Examining strength and weakness
? Strengths
? Weakness
? Why is should hire you?
? Self development
Listening to what is being said
? Listen with patience
? Understand the emotion of the speakers
? Restatement and summary
? Set aside time for Question & Discussion
? Avoid interrupting the speaker
? Talk less and listen more
Digging for behavioural gold
? As opposed to an archeologically dig involves
taking a specific incident or situation and
delving into it deeply.
? Lead in - Probe ? Probe ? Probe
Probing for specific
? Internal consulting skills
? Project management
? Attention to details
? Customer relationship
? Management styles
? Spotting pattern
? Using an interview check list
? Allowing candidates to ask questions at the
end
? Explain procedures of selection and
concluding with a happy note
? Making decision
Interviews in Publis Sector
Undertaking
? Unstructured interview-co-incidental poorly
organized interview where there is no
attempt to explore specific areas of
information about the applicant
? Structured interview- careful systematic
planning of interview
FirstRanker.com - FirstRanker's Choice
Testing and Interviewing Chapter 6
BASIC SELECTION
CRITERIA
BASIC
SELECTION
CRITERIA
Formal Education
Experience and Past Performance
Physical Characteristics
Personality Characteristics
? Anastasi ? It is essentially an objectives and
standardised measured of sample of
behaviour.
? Russel &Cronbach-Psychological tests are
careful observations of actual performance
under standard conditions
Purpose of testing 1. Measure individual differences-differences and
reactions
2. Identify intellectually deficient persons
? Identify and diagnose mentally retarded , severe
emotional disorders.
3.Self understanding and personnel development
4 solution to wide range of practical problems-
? How they affect people?s life chances and
opportunities
5. To select and classify military personnel
Types of Tests
? Ability test
? Situational tests
? Achievement tests
? Interest tests
? Personality tests
? Ability test: test designed for evaluating the growth
level achieved by an individual on a subject.
- Numerical abilities, analytical abilities, emotional
ability etc.
? Achievement test ? knowledge level of an individual in
a specific field. Knowledge with respect to a specific
topic
Two types:
Job knowledge test ? pertaining to specific job
Work sample tests- part of actual work to the candidate
? Situational tests- Situational judgement tests
(SJTs) or Inventories (SJIs) are a type of
psychological test which present the test-taker
with realistic, hypothetical scenarios and ask the
individual to identify the most appropriate
response or to rank the responses in the order
they feel is most effective
? Interest test- inventory of all likes and dislikes of
the candidates pertaining to their work,
occupation, hobbies etc.
? Personality tests- examine individual in terms of
his value system, emotion, attitude, behaviour
etc..
Standards?selection?test?
? Reliability:?Test?scores?should?not?vary?widely?
under?repeated?conditions.?
? Validity:?Validity?is?the?extent?to?which?an?
instrument?measures?what?it?intends?to?
measure.
Measure?the?factors?for?which?it?is?designed
? Qualified?People:?Test?require?a?high?level?of?
professional?skills?in?their?administration?and?
interpretation.?
? Preparation:?A?test?should?be?well?prepared.?It?
should?be?easy?to?understand?and?simple?to?
administer.
? Suitability:?a?test?must?fit?the?nature?of?the?
group?on?which?it?is?applied.?
? Usefulness:?Exclusive?reliance?on?any?single?test?
should?be?avoided,?since?the?results?in?such?a?
case?are?likely?to?be?criticized.
? Standardization:?Norms?for?finalising?test?scores?
should?be?established.?
Advantages of testing
? Objectivity-objective and unbiased element
? Prediction
? Interview synergy ?produce a profile of the
candidate
? Employee development
? Return on investment
Disadvantages of testing
? Unsuitability for smaller group
? Performance prediction may not be effective
? Supplement only
? Lack of flexibility
Purpose of ability tests
? Help in proper choice of course and careers
? Predict future success
? Supplement other psychological tests
Ability tests / aptitude tests
? a test designed to determine a person's ability
in a particular skill or field of knowledge.
? An Aptitude tests is designed to discover with
potentiality a given person has for learning
some particular skill
Types of ability tests
? Clerical ability tests
? Mental ability tests
? Mechanical ability tests
? Physical ability tests
? Clerical Ability tests?are?part?of?the?selection?
process?in?jobs?such?as:?clerks,?receptionists,?
secretaries?and?more.?A?full?Clerical Ability
test will?include?one?or?more?of?
the?tests?below.
Types?of?skills?to?tested?in?clerical?tests:?
? Basics?skill
? Knowledge?
? Software?working
Minnesota?clerical?tests?
? ?the?employers?have?been?utilizing?it?to?measure?your?clerical?skills;?
perceptual?speed?and?accuracy,?for?different?clerical?jobs.?
? 15?minutes?test
? The?classic?Minnesota?Test?is?comprised?of?two?separately?timed?
sub-tests;?
? number?comparison?
? name?comparison.
? 100?similar?and?100?dissimilar?items?of?digital?and?letter?
combination
? Identical?and?dissimilar?pair?in?each?item
? Number?subtest-3-12?digits
? Names-7?to?16
? It is a multiple choice questionnaire. You can
find only one correct answer in each item.
? You will find very slight difference in each
dissimilar pair. It may be a letter or a digit.
? The identical pairs are mixed with dissimilar
pairs randomly.
? It is a speed test. Answer as quickly as possible.
Keep in mind the time limitations.
? It is more critically an accuracy test. One
mistake shall cost you two scores. One of its
own and other deducted from your correct
answers.
Mechanical?ability?tests?
? Mechanical? aptitude? tests,? or?mechanical?
reasoning? tests,? are? commonly? administered?
for?technical?and?engineering?positions.
? The?mechanical? aptitude? test? measures?
your?ability?to? understand? and?
apply?mechanical?concepts? and? principles? to?
solve?problems.
? Mechanical Aptitude tests are part of the
selection process in a large array of jobs such
as: aircraft technician, auto mechanic, fire-
fighter, military careers and more.
? Most mechanical aptitude tests include
questions about mechanical tools and
equipment
Bennett?mechanical?comprehensive?
tests??
? ?is?a?popular?assessment?used?in?several?fields,?
including?technical?and?industrial?occupations
? ?The?test?was?developed?to?measure?a?person?s?
aptitude?for?understanding?and?applying?
mechanical?principles
? an?employer?may?infer?future?performance?in?
jobs?that?require?these?skills
? The?Bennett?Mechanical?Test?is?used?to?identify?
individuals?with?good?mechanical?reasoning?
abilities?and?spatial?perception.
BMCT
? The BMCT consists of 68 multiple-choice
questions with a 30-minute time allotment. It
can be administered on paper or online. It is
currently available in two forms, Form S and
Form T.
? The BMCT II consists of 55 multiple-choice
questions with a 25-minute time allotment. It
is administered online only.
The BMCT and BMCT- II is used to assess the
following:
? Mechanical aptitude
? Spatial visualization
? Application of physics
? Deduction of "how things work"
Who is Required to Take the BMCT?
Individuals who work in the following industries may be
required to take the BMCT:
Engineer
? Automotive Mechanic
? Equipment Operators/Transportation Trades (Truck
Driver)
? Automotive and Aircraft Mechanic
? Industrial/Technical Sales Representative
? Installation/Maintenance/Repair
? Skilled Tradesperson (Welder, Electrician, Carpenter)
? Mechanical Trades
Mental?ability?test?/Intelligent?test
? Intelligence tests?are?psychological?tests?that?
are?designed?to?measure?a?variety?of?mental?
functions,?such?as?reasoning,?comprehension,?
and?judgment
Classification of Mental ability tests
? On the basis of administrative practice:
Individual tests ? single person?s intelligence at
a time.
Group test ?more than one person?s
intelligence at a time
On the basis of subject matters and language
- Verbal test -language of instruction, contents and
response
- Performance tests and non verbal test ? problem
is solved though constructive or passive actions.
Includes arrangement of pictures, picture
completion, picture puzzles etc.

? On the basis of Efficiency of performance
- Power test individual?s skill in a particular area
are tested. No time limit
- Speed tests , questions are equally tough and
are to be solved in a given time
Individual intelligence tests
? -understand individual cognitive strengths and
weakness
Two main individual intelligence tests
1. Standford Binet
2. Wechsler (WIS)
Standard binet
? Ensures that all the items contribute equally
to total IQ score
? Revisions are
? 1905
? 1908
? 1911
? 1916-age scale on which subtests were
grouped into chronological age groups
1916 Binet scale
? Examinee?s mental age(MA) and( IQ)
depended on number of tests passes at
successive age levels
? IQ=MA/CA*100
1937 Binet scale
? Was standardized on 100 children at half year
interval -1.5 to 5.5 years
? 200 children ? at each year age interval from 6
-14 years
? 100 children-at each year age intervalfrom 15-
18 .
? 1960 binet -instead of 6 , four subsets were
used
2003 binet
Factors Verbal
Non-verbal
Fluid reasoning
knowledge
Quantitative reasoning
Visual spatial reasoning
Working memory
Wechsler intelligence scale
? The first Wechsler intelligence scale, known as the
Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale, was developed in
1939, two years after the 1937 version of the Stanford-
Binet
? The WISC measures two aspects of intelligence for adults
and children:
? 11 subtests
? Verbal intelligence includes aspects like vocabulary,
arithematic, information digit span and similarities subsets
and comprehension;
? performance intelligence includes picture arrangement,
block design, object assembly, and digit symbol subtests.
? WAIS III-14 subsets (1997)
? WISC-13 SUBSETS(6-VERBAL,13 PERFORMANCE)
1. Picture completion
2. Information
3. Coding
4. Similarities
5. Picture arrangement
6. Arithmetic
7. Block design
8. Vocabulary
9. Object assembly
10. Comprehension
11. Symbol search
12. Digital span
13. Mazes
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
(WAIS)
? The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) is an
IQ test designed to measure intelligence and
cognitive ability in adults and older adolescents
? 11 subtests-2 general heads
? Verbal IQ-information, digit span, vocabulary,
comprehension & similarity subtest
? Performance IQ-Picture completion, picture
arrangement, block design, object assembly, digit
symbol subtests
Other individual intelligence tests
? Differential ability scales
? Provides ability profiles foranalysing and diagnosing
1. learning difficulties,.
2. Assess changes in abilities over time
3. Identify,select& classify children with learning disabilities
4. Consists of 20 subtests-5 diagnostic subsets,3 achievement
tests(number skills,spelling word reading)
? Detroit test of learning aptitude-The test is
described as a measure of developed abilities,
There are four principal uses for the test:
"(a) to determine strengths and weaknesses among
developed mental abilities,
(b) to identify children and youths who are
significantly below their peers in important abilities
(c) to make predictions about future performance,
(d) to serve as a measurement device in research
studies investigating aptitude, intelligence, and
cognitive behaviour"
Detroit?test
? Designed?for?children?ages?3-9,?takes?15-45?minutes.
? includes?articulation,?conceptual?matching,?draw?a?person,?
letter?sequences
? 4
th
?edition-6-17?yrs-50-90?minutes
? Word?opposites?,?reversed?letters,?story?construction,?
sentence?imitation
? Scoring-Percentile?ranks?,?standard?scores?and?age?
equivalents?for10?subsets?and?composites
? This?test?not?only?measures?basic?abilities,?but?also?shows?
the?effects?of?language,?attention,?and?motor?abilities?on?
test?performance.
?
? Kaufman?s Intelligence tests ?assess?abilities?from?2.5?to?12.5?years?
to?solve?problems?requiring?simultaneous?and?sequential?mental?
processing?
? Includes?achievement?scale-acquired?skills?in?reading?and?
arithematic
? Designed?for?pre-school,?minority?and?exceptional?children
? individually?administered?measure?of?verbal?(vocabulary?subtest)?
and?non?verbal?(Matrices?subtest)?intelligence.
? The?KBIT-2?generates?three?scores:?Verbal,?Non?Verbal?and?an?
overall?IQ?composite.?
? 13?of?16?gamelike?tests?-Administered?in?35?to?85?minutes
? Scores?are?obtained?in?4?areas
? Sequential?processing
? Simultaneous?processing
? Mental?processing
? Achievement
KBIT
? he KBIT-2 test can be used in educational, clinical or
research arenas.
? In 1990 the first KBIT test was introduced and the
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test 2 (KBIT-2 test) followed
in 2004.
.Additionally, this test is also able to identify high-risk
children through large-scale screening who may require a
more comprehensive evaluation.
This test is developed by leading cognitive ability experts
Alan and Nadeen Kaufman, therefore, it is assumed that
this test provides highly valid, reliable results and is
useful for a broad range of purposes
? ?Das?Naglieri cognitive assessment system?(CAS)?
test?is?an?individually?administered?test?of?
cognitive?functioning?for?children?and?adolescents?
ranging?from?5?through?17?years?of?age?that?was?
designed?to?assess?the?
? Planning
? Attention
? simultaneous?
? successive?
? Testing time-40 minutes
? Subtests are grouped under 4cognitive processes of pass model;
? Planning
1. MATCHING NUMBERS
2. Planned codes
3. Planned connections
Attention
1. Expressive attention
2. Number detection
3. Receptive attention
Simultaneous
Non-verbal matrices,
Fiqure memory
Successive
Sentence repetition
Speech rate age 5-7
Sentence questions 8-17 yrs
Group Intelligence Testing
? Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB)
? Shipley Institute of living scales
? Cognitive Abilities Test
? Culture Fair intelligence test
? Raven?s Progressive matrices
? The?Multidimensional Aptitude Battery?II?is?a?
group-administered?intelligence?test created?
by?Canadian?psychologist?Douglas?N.?Jackson?
which?is?supposed?to?measure?Verbal,?
Performance?and?Full?Scale?IQ.
? Sub scales-
Verbal scales-
? Information ? accumulation of knowledge
? Comprehension ? ability to evaluate the social
behaviour
? Arithmetic's - numerical problem solving
? Similarities -
? Vocabulary
? Performance scale ?
? Digit Symbol ? learning of new coding and
skills
? Picture completion -
? Spatial ? ability to visualise about the visual
objective in different position
? Picture arrangement
? Object assembly
Shipley Institute of living scales
? Create to measure an individual?s cognitive
functioning abilities and mental impairment.
? Sub tests- 10 minute per section
Vocabulary tests -40 multiple choice
Eg : ship- house, tree , fork , boat
Abstract thinking test -20 abstract thinking items
ABDGK????????..
Cognitive?Abilities?Test
? First?test?used?for?widespread?use?in?school?systems
? The?cognitive?ability?test?is?another?name?for?aptitude?
tests?or?intelligence?tests.?
? Measures?students?learned?reasoning?and?problem?
solving?abilities
? The?CogAT?is?a?multiple?choice?exam?that?is?used?to?
assess?cognitive?development?among?children.
? Focus?on?3?areas?linked?to?academic?success?in?school
? Verbal
? Quantitative
? Non-verbal
CogAT
? The CogAT is made up of three sections
Battery Sub tests
Verbal
Picture/Verbal AnalogiesSentence
Completion Picture/Verbal Classification
Quantitative
Number AnalogiesNumber Series Number
Puzzles
Nonverbal
Figure Matrices Figure Classification Paper
Folding
Cog AT
? Verbal classification:
? List of 3 words are given which are alike
? choose a word for selection of 5 choices given
Sentence completion:
Given a sentence with the word left out.
Verbal Analogies:
Given 3 words: 2 words go together;3
rd
word
goes with the answer from the choice
Quantitative
? Quantitative relations:
? 2 problems given with 3 answer choices.the
student has to determine whether answer is
greater,less than ,equal to
? Number series
? Equation building-Given numbers and signs.
Non verbal
? Figure classification:
3 pictures are given that are alike in some way.
3 answer choices and 5 pictures are given.
Choose the figure that goes best with answer
choices
Figure analogies:
3 figures are given
Two go together;3
rd
from answer choice
Figure analysis
Culture-Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT)
? Fluid intelligence test in 1920 by Raymond B
Catell.
? Reflects theory of fluid intelligence and crystal
intelligence
? Fluid intelligence- made up of abilities that are
non verbal,do not depend on exposure to school
or experience.
? It is the general mental capacity for problem
solving
? Crystallised intelligence-acquired skills and
knowledge, reflects particular educational
experiences and therefore culture related.
CIT
? It is composed of three scales:
Scale I for ages 4 to 8
Scale II for ages 8 to 12 and average adult
Scale III for high school students
Consists of 8 subtests
Scale I ? 8 Sub tests-mazes, copying symbols,
identifying similar drawings, non verbal tasks
? Series sub test ? where sequence of drawings
completed by choosing among response options
? Classification sub tests- Respondents selects the
drawing that is different from the other drawing
? Matrices sub test ? require completing matrix or
pattern
? Condition sub tests ? requires a respondent to
identify which of several geometric drawing fulfil
certain specified condition
Raven?s Progressive matrices
? Raven's Progressive Matrices (often referred
to simply as Raven's Matrices) or RPM is a
nonverbal group test typically used in
educational settings. It is usually a 60-item
test used in measuring abstract reasoning and
regarded as a non-verbal estimate of fluid
intelligence.
? Consists of only designs and patterns and no
verbal statements
? Can be administered both to literates and
illiterates. RPM is a nonverbal group test typically
used in educational settings
? It is made of 60 multiple choice questions, listed
in order of difficulty.
? This format is designed to measure the test-
taker's reasoning ability, the eductive ("meaning-
making") component of Spearman's g (g is often
referred to as general intelligence)
? The?general?intelligence,? g,?influences?the?
performance?on?all?mental?tasks,?while?another?
component?influences?abilities?on?a?particular?
task.
[7]
? Raven's Progressive Matrices?(often?referred?to?simply?as?Raven's
Matrices)?or?RPM?is?a?nonverbal?group?test?typically?used?in?
educational?settings.
? ?It?is?usually?a?60-item?test?used?in?measuring?abstract?reasoning?and?
regarded?as?a?non-verbal?estimate?of?fluid?intelligence.
[
? 1]
?It?is?the?most?common?and?popular?test?administered?to?groups?
ranging?from?5-year-olds?to?the?elderly.
[2]
? ?It?is?made?of?60?multiple?choice?questions,?listed?in?order?of?
difficulty.
[2
? ]
?This?format?is?designed?to?measure?the?test?taker's?reasoning?ability,?
the?eductive?("meaning-making")?component?of?Spearman's? g?( g?is?
often?referred?to?as?general?intelligence).?
? The?tests?were?originally?developed?by?John?C.?Raven?in?1936.
[3]
?In?
each?test?item,?the?subject?is?asked?to?identify?the?missing?element?
that?completes?a?pattern.
? ?Many?patterns?are?presented?in?the?form?of?a?6?6,?4?4,?3?3,?or?
2?2?matrix,?giving?the?test?its?name.
? All of the questions on the Raven's progressives
consist of visual geometric design with a missing
piece. The test taker is given six to eight choices to
pick from and fill in the missing piece.
[4]
? An IQ test item in the style of a Raven's
Progressive Matrices test. Given eight patterns,
the subject must identify the missing ninth
pattern
The Matrices are available in three different forms
for participants of different ability:
? Standard Progressive Matrices-This was
developed to assess a person?s intellectual ability
at the time of testing him with design or patterns.
? Person has to find relation between designs and
perform task. The booklet comprises five sets (A
to E) of 12 items each (e.g., A1 through A12),
? A and B-6 piece designs
? B & c-8 pieces of design. All items are presented
in black ink on a white background
? Coloured Progressive Matrices-Designed for
children aged 5 through 11 years-of-age, the
elderly, and mentally and physically impaired
individual participants.
? Tests the intellectual capacity of young
children and people.
? Coloured progressive matrixes-assess a
persons capacity of level of observation and
clear thinking
? This is a language free test
? The scale has two sets A and b and ab set
Advanced Progressive Matrices
? ?Persons?who?are?above?11?years?and?those?
who?are?above?average?in?mental?ability.
? Time?limit
? The?first?set?has?12?problems,2
nd
?set?contains?
48?items,?presented?as?one?set?of?12?(set?I),?
and?another?of?36?(set?II).?
Difference between individual test and
group test
Basic difference Individual test Group test
Sample size Small sample Ultra large samples
Format Open ended Multi choice
Examiner's role Significant role, Minimal role
Time factors More time consuming Less time consuming
Physical & personality test
? Physical abilities use tasks or abilities that
require physical ability to perform
? Measure physical attributes and characteristics
? Personality Assessment test:
? Personality means how people affect othersand
how they understand and view themselves as
well as their pattern of inner and outer
measurable traits and person situation
interaction
? Not a single characteristic; multidimensional in
nature with many interacting elements
Personality?assessment?test
? A?personality? test?is? a? questionnaire? or? other?
standardized? instrument? designed? to? reveal?
aspects? of? an? individual's? character? or?
psychological? makeup.? The? first?personality?
tests?were? developed? in? the? 1920s? and? were?
intended? to? ease? the? process? of? personnel?
selection,?particularly?in?the?armed?forces.?
? the?combination?of?characteristics?or?qualities?
that?form?an?individual's?distinctive?character.
Measuring personality:
? Personality rating methods
? Personality inventories
? Situational tests
? Projective methods
Personality rating methods
? Rating is a term applied or judgment regarding
some situation, object or character. Opinion
are usually expresses on a scale of values.
Rating techniques are derive which such
judgements may be quantified.
Rating scales:
?is a selected list of words , phrases , sentences or para
following which an observer records value or rating based
upon objective scale of values
? A rating scale is an instrument i.e. A list of questions
that is set to enable the reviewer to indicate the, size
or intensity of the underlying characteristics of a
person.
? Description of the characteristics ?clarity-rate
? Items on each scale must b described in such a way-to
know what they mean
? Items should be described in terms of behaviour
? The description of the personality
characteristic must be clear and we defined
? The item on each scale end must be described
? It should be concrete behaviour
Types?of?rating?scale:?
- Graphic?scale?
- A?straight?line?is?drawn?and?divided?into?many?parts?.?
Each?part-number?of?adjectives?are?written.
- Evaluator?has?to?mark?any?of?these.
- Length?of?the?line-5?inches
- 3-5?adjectives?are?used
- Division?on?the?line?should?be?equidistant
- Graphic?Rating?Scale?is?a?type?of?performance?
appraisal?method.?In?this?method?traits?or?behaviours?
that?are?important?for?effective?performance?are?listed?
out?and?each?employee?is?rated?against?these?traits.?
The?rating?helps?employers?to?quantify?the?behaviours?
displayed?by?its?employees.
? Numerical scale:
Marks as associated with certain indicators.
Data that are counted or measured using a
numerically defined method are called
numerical (quantitative).
Three point, five point seven point scale
? Ranking?order:?Statistical?technique,?rank?are?mentioned?in?the?
descending?order.?
? A?Rank?Order?scale?gives?the?respondent?a?set?of?items?and?asks?
them?to?put?the?items?in?some?form?oforder.?The?measure?of?
'order'?can?include?such?as?preference,?importance,?liking,?
effectiveness?and?so?on.?The?order?is?often?a?simple?ordinal?
structure?(A?is?higher?than?B)
? Paired?comparison?scale???each?person?compared?with?other?in?the?
group?
? The?Paired?Comparison?Scaling?is?a?comparative?scaling?technique?
wherein?the?respondent?is?shown?two?objects?at?the?same?time?and?
is?asked?to?select?one?according?to?the?defined?criterion.?
Rank order
Paired comparision
Forced choice scale
Forced choiced scale
? Forced choice refers to a specific format for
response options in survey questionnaires. In
a forced choice format, respondents are not
given a specific option to reflect a
"nonresponse" type choice, such as "no
opinion," "don't know," "not sure," or "not
applicable." Respondents must select a
response choice that provides a specific
answer to the survey item.
Rating interview-
The interviewing process often includes the use
of rating scales that the interviewers (also called
?raters?) use to evaluate the quality of the
interview and lead to some kind of
recommendation of the candidate for the job in
question.
Assess personality characteristicsof a subject on
a standardised rating scale.
Discusses worker?s achievement
? Situational tests: real life conditioning are
simulate
? Candidate?s spontaneous reactions will be
recorded
? It is done in a group and based on them
? It include role play, case studies, group
discussion

Types of situational test:
Derived from latin word socius ?social; metrum-
measure by Jacob L Moreno
Sociometry : the study of relationships within a
group of people.
Assess the positive and negative links between
persons within a group.
Sociometry is a way of measuring relationships
between people. Sociometric tests can include
variety of procedures used within social groups to
measure social status, popularity, peer
acceptance or rejection and reputation
Sociometry
? Used to evaluate group structure
? Measure amount of organization shown by
social group-sociometric test
? Made in respect to work, home , school
groups
? Determines position of each individual in a
group in which he has to function
CONSTRUCTION OF A SOCIOGRAM
A E F G
H
D
B I J
c K M
D is a star ?chosen by most of the members
J and g are unpopular
D serves as a bridge
ABCD has all channel communication
? Diagrammatic representation of patterns
showing interpersonal relationship
? This indicates choices, preferences, likes,
dislikes,interaction between individual
members in a group
? Gives a visual picture of sociometric structure
of a group
Various kinds of interaction in Sociometry test
? Social networks- a specific set of linkages among
defined set of people cluster
? Prescribed clusters- formal group within network
? Emergent clusters ? cluster of people who
temporarily align together to attain certain
objective
? Cliques- relatively permanent informal group
involving friendship
? Liaisons - individual who connect two or more
cluster but are no members of any cluster
? Bridges : connection as a linking pins by
belonging to two or more clusters
Importance of sociometry:
? Help to measure and build relationship
? Provide rich data
? Helps in group development
? Enhance group and individual perceptive
Psychodrama
?A body of philosophical, therapeutic,
educational, action based techniques-J.L
Moreno
- Action techniques in which individuals use
enactment to explore material that is
identified specific and personal to them.
Psychodrama is an action method, often used as
a psychotherapy, in which clients use
spontaneous dramatization, role playing, and
dramatic self-presentation to investigate and
gain insight into their lives.
Elements:
Stage- concrete situation within which protagonist story
can be brought to life
? Protagonist- is a person whose story is being enacted or
told. .
? the leading character or one of the major characters in a
play, film, novel, etc.
Director ? professional therapist who leads action and
planning.
He takes decisions involving what material
Auxiliary ego-is the position taken by other participants in a
role-playing exercise, or psychodrama, in order to simulate
particular situations for the protagonists.
role they take and what experience they bring to it.
Audience
Socio drama:
Variant of psychodrama
? A sociodrama is a dramatic play in which
several individuals spontaneously enact social
situations to understand situations more fully.
? Assign roles for the purpose of studying and
remedying problems in group or collective
relationships.
Enact various solutions to social problems.
? After each sociodrama, they have to debrief
an enactment and note what was learned.
? Brainstorm, problem solving and closure
Difference between Socio and
Psychodrama
PSYCHODRAMA SOCIOMETRY
EXPLORE INNER WORLD OF THE PERSON SOCIAL WORLD
INTRAPERSONAL INTERPERSONAL
Advantage of situational test:
Reveals personality characteristics
Superior to rating methods
Convenient
Useful in selection
Disadvantages:
Time consuming
Expensive
Personality inventories
? Francis Galton in 19
th
centaury
? Designed to assess the stable and enduring
characteristics of a person that may affect job
performance and workplace behavior.
? Inventories are known as questionnaires or scale
? Respondents are given list of statements in
standard order with fixed set of response
? Responses-assigned ratings to yield numerical
scores options
Types of inventories
? Bell adjustment inventory:
? Assesses individuals adjustment in variety of
situations
? Consists of 160 items & 4 subscales: home,
health, social, emotional
? High scores-poor adjustment; low scores-
better adjustment
Bernreuter test
? Robert G bernreuter-personality traits
? 125 questions-6 scales-B1N,B2S,B3-I,B4-D,F1C,
& F2S(BIPOLAR)
Personality characteristics of industrial and
other organisations
California Personality inventory
? *Created by Harrison Dough in 1956
? Purpose-to measure and evaluate an individual?s
interpersonal behavior and social interaction
? 434-true-false questions;18 scales
1. Measure of poise, ascendancy, self assurance and
interpersonal adequacy
2. Measure of socialization ,responsibility, intrapersonal
values, and character
3. Measure of achievement potiential & intellectual
efficiency
4. Measure of intellectual modes and interest modes
Minnesota personality scale
? Has separate forms for men and women
? Rates following aspects of personality
1. Morale
2. Social adjustment
3. Family relations
4. Emotionability-degree of stability
5. Used for last 2yrs of high school, college and
sometimes adults
6. Five choices-agree, strongly agree, undecided,
disagree,strongly disagree
? Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory
? 550 items, item is printed on separate card
? Inventory-indicates personality traits of the
individual
? One has to respond to questions with answers
?yes, no ,doubtful in the box provided.
? Responses are evaluated
Cornell index
? Standardised questionnaire for males only
? 101 items fall into 2 categories
1. Those differentiating sharply between persons
with serious personality disorders
(Does worrying continually get you down)
2. Those concerned with bodily symptoms-trouble
with food digestion
Response should be ?yes or no?
Effective in showing presence of anxiety states,
migraine,peptic ulcers, convulsive disorders,
asthma
Myer?briggs?type?indicator
? Based?on?Carl?jung?s?theory?of?personality
? Useful?in?promoting?personal?growth,?self?awareness,?
leadership?skills,?team?building,?career?development,?and?
improved?interpersonal?skills.
? Yields?scores?on?4??bipolar?dimensions:
1. Introversion-extroversion
2. Sensing-intuition- Sensing?and? intuition?are?the?
information-gathering?(perceiving)?functions.
3. Thinking-feeling-are?the?decision-making?(judging)?
functions.?Based?on?the?data?received?from?their?
information-gathering?functions
Subjective Objective
Perception Intuition/Sensing
Judging Feeling/Thinking
? Introversion?(thinking?things?through)?more?than?Extraversion?
(interacting?with?people)
? Sensing?(perceiving?tangible?facts)?more?than?iNtuition?
(perceiving?new?possibilities)
? Feeling?(making?decisions?using?subjective?values)?more?than?
Thinking?(making?decisions?using?objective?logic)
? Judgement?(an?organised?lifestyle)?more?than?Perception?(a?
flexible?lifestyle)
ISTJ ISFJ INFJ INTJ
ISTP ISFP INFP INTP
ESTP ESFP ENFP ENTP
ESTJ ESFJ ENFJ ENTJ
Myers-Briggs Types
Projective?methods
? A? projective?test?is?a?personality?test?designed?to?
let?a?person?respond?to?ambiguous?stimuli,?
presumably?revealing?hidden?emotions?and?
internal?conflicts?projected?by?the?person?into?the?
test
? Assess?the?way?people?respond?and?interpret?
inkblote?and?pictures?in?which?motives?and?
feelings?are?not?clear.
? This?is?a?sign?of?projection?of?their?own?
uncontrollable?feelings,?emotion,?personality??
characteristics
Rorschach Ink blot test
? Herman Rorschach-1921.
? determines the emotional and impulsive tendencies.
? Possible mental disturbance , introversion and
intelligence can be deduced
? Gives total image of testee?s personality
? Test composed of 10 cards on which inkblots appear
? Five inkblots are of black ink, two are of black and red
ink and three are multicolored, on a white background.
? Tester shows cards to the testee one by one and tests
responds what each card portrays
? Tester notes verbal responses(silences , time taken to
respond , how he holds the card , non-verbal behavior)
In next stage-what characteristics of
inkblots led to his responses which are
then noted, categorized &evaluated
on factors such as:
1. Observation and movement testee
has discerned from cards
2. Contents ascribed to inkblots-What
the inkblots represent
3. Light and shadow observed by
testee
4. Texture of the shapes that have
been observed-hair, skin
5. Responses are analysed
quantitatively and qualitatively
Thematic appreciation test
? Murray and morgon
? Individual is confronted with a situation and required
to make a imaginary story and reveal his personality
? The complete version of the test contains 32 picture
cards. Some of the cards show male figures, some
female, some both male and female figures, some of
ambiguous gender, some adults, some children, and
some show no human figures at all.
? One card is completely blank and is used to elicit both
a scene and a story about the given scene from the
storyteller
? The subject is asked to tell as dramatic a story as they can for
each picture presented, including the following:
? what has led up to the event shown
? what is happening at the moment
? what the characters are feeling and thinking
? what the outcome of the story was
? May be administered individually or in a group
? Each of these scoring categories attempts to measure the
following information:
? ?Story Design measures an individual?s ability to identify and
formulate a problem situation.
?Story Orientation assesses an examinees level of personal
control, emotional distress, confidence and motivation.
?Story Solutions assesses how impulsive an examinee is. In
addition to evaluating the types of problem solutions that are
provided, the number of problem solutions that examinees
provide for each of the TAT cards is summed.
? Story Resolution provides information on the examinees
ability to formulate problem solutions that maximize both
short and long-term goals.
5 different aspects
? Hero-When there is a older and younger
women it is clear younger is hero
? Need of the hero : identify needs motives ,
desires of the hero
? Identifies the presses: Any environmental
factor that may interfere with her needs
? Scoring for themes: nature of interplay and
conflict between needs and presses-type
of emotions elicited by the conflict how it
is resolved
? Scoring for outcome-comparative
strengths emanating from the hero,
strengths of the environment, amount of
hardship, frustration experienced, degree
of success and failure, happy and unhappy
endings.
Children appreciation test
? 3-10 age group
? 10 cards-Depict animal characters
? Should focus on identification of 10 characters
? Main theme
? Main hero
? Main needs and drives of hero
? Conception of the environment
? How figures are seen
? Significant conflicts
? Nature of anxieties
? Main defence against conflict and fears
Picture projective tests
? General purpose instrument with improved
psychometric qualities
? Section of 30 pictures
? Had to show a promise of eliciting meaningful
projective material
? Most but not all had to include more than one
human character
? About half of the pictures had to depict
affective expression, active poses.
Word association tests
? List of words is presented to a
subject who is asked to respond
with the first word or idea that
comes to his mind
? Many of the words appear to be
emotionally neutral
? Special interest are words that
tend to elicit personalized
reactions
? Amount of time taken before
beginning each response and the
response itself
Drawing tests
? Relevant for children as his thoughts and
feelings float into his drawings unwillingly
? Draw a person test-certain graphic
expressionsnwithin drawings reflect
personality characteristics.
? Asked to construct a person of the opposite
gender drawn
Verbal tests
? Story telling
? Sentence completion test: A person who
does not use lakes is being thoughtful of
? the ecosystem
? Projective questionnaire: situations totally
correlated to the job or organization are
given
? Painting tests:
? Great way of expressing negative emotions
re-ordering and re-evaluating the way we
express ourselves
? Helpful for children to talk about personal
problems
TYPING TEST
? Passage
? Scores-number of words typed per minute and number
of errors made
? Typing speed and accuracy
? Techniques of typing
? Touch typing: hands are placed over the keyboard in a
specific formation. position of the key is memorized
? Hunt and peck type:
? Buffer method: looks at the source copy, mentally
stores one or several sentences and then looks at the
keyboard and types.
Shorthand test
? Process of writing in shorthand-stenography
Need
1) To deliver long phone messages
2) Environments where audiorecorders are forbidden-track of
information.
3) Health professionals may use shorthand notes in medical
charts
Computer proficiency test:
Measure of knowledge and competency
Components:
Word processing;
Email
Internet skills
Spreadsheets
Database
Interviewing
Interviews may be defined as face to face
communication method for knowing some
information about the potential job candidates.
It is a process of collecting some information
whether the candidates like the job or not.
Under these processes, job seekers invited to
appear at the interview board with their
relevant academic and other qualification
records
Feature:
? Pre arranged and planned process
? Two way communication
? Purposefully designed
? Conversation
Objectives:
Judgement of application
Information about the application
Developing confidence

Types of Interviews
? Preliminary interview -
Informal interview
Unstructured interview
? Core interview
Back ground information interview
Stress interview
Formal and structured interview
Panel interview
Group interview
Job and probing interview
Depth interview
? Decision making interview
Advantages: for company
? Provide information
? Helps to select a right candidates
? Improves goodwill
? Helps in promotion and transfer
For Candidate:
? Provide employment opportunity
? Helps candidates to accept or reject

Disadvantages:
? Expensive
? Subject to bias and persona traits
ineffective in some areas
? demands skilled interviewers
? Difficulty to analyse
Interview process
Planning the interview
Getting started
Examining five interview areas
Examining strengths and weakness
Listing to what is being said
Digging for behavioural gold
Probing for specific
Using an interview check list
Allowing candidates to ask questions at the end
Explain procedures of selection and concluding with a happy note
Making decision
Planning the interview
? Choose the appropriate types of interview
methods
? Identify the knowledge, skill and administrative
arrangements
? Number of interview rounds
? Finalise the venue and interview coverage area
? Getting started
?Warm up
?Ground rules

Examining 5 interview areas ? Work experience
? Education
? Career goals and objective
? Specific opportunity
? Personal life hobbies
Examining strength and weakness
? Strengths
? Weakness
? Why is should hire you?
? Self development
Listening to what is being said
? Listen with patience
? Understand the emotion of the speakers
? Restatement and summary
? Set aside time for Question & Discussion
? Avoid interrupting the speaker
? Talk less and listen more
Digging for behavioural gold
? As opposed to an archeologically dig involves
taking a specific incident or situation and
delving into it deeply.
? Lead in - Probe ? Probe ? Probe
Probing for specific
? Internal consulting skills
? Project management
? Attention to details
? Customer relationship
? Management styles
? Spotting pattern
? Using an interview check list
? Allowing candidates to ask questions at the
end
? Explain procedures of selection and
concluding with a happy note
? Making decision
Interviews in Publis Sector
Undertaking
? Unstructured interview-co-incidental poorly
organized interview where there is no
attempt to explore specific areas of
information about the applicant
? Structured interview- careful systematic
planning of interview
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