All questions carry equal marks
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1. Discuss the risk measurement in pharmacoepidemiology studies. [14]
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2. Explain the following tools for measurement of outcomes in pharmacoepidemiology.
Give their advantages and disadvantages:
a) Defined daily doses and prescribed daily doses.
b) Number of prescriptions. [14]
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3. What care should be taken for vaccine safety studies? Discuss vaccine safety studies in
detail. [14]
4. What is meta-analysis? Give the advantages and disadvantages of the same. Discuss the
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challenges associated with spontaneous reporting. [14]5.a) Write a note on the role of pharmacoeconomics in formulary management decisions.
b) Describe health outcome measures. [7+7]
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6. Compare and contrast different types of drug utilization studies. [14]7. Give a detailed account of cost utility and cost effectiveness studies. [14]
8. A public health nurse can screen patients in a day for HIV. Her monthly salary is
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Rs. 4000/-. A single patient screening along with the laboratory requirements costsaround Rs. 70/-. If the nurse needs to screen more than patients, she needs the help of
an assistant whose monthly salary is Rs. 00/ -.
a) Calculate the marginal cost if (i) 27 patients are scheduled (ii) 53 patients are
scheduled.
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b) Draw conclusions on the program activity level.c) Explain QALY and DALY. [14]
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