PTU Latest Question Bank || Punjab Technical University
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Overview - Electromagnetic Waves
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- What are electromagnetic waves, em spectrum
- What is Del operator
- What is field, scalar field, vector field
- Define gradient of a scalar field and its significance
- Define divergence of a vector field n its significance
- Define curl of a vector field n its significance
- Relationship of electric field and electric potential (E=-V V, ie gradient of scalar potential)
- Gauss Divergence theorem and Stoke’s Theorem (proof not required)
- Equation of continuity (proof not required, only statement)
- Maxwell Equations in integral form
- Differential form of (i) Gauss law of electrostatics (ii) Gauss Law of magnetostatics (iii) Faraday’s laws of electromagnetic induction (iv) Ampere Circuital law (steady currents and time varying currents)
- Write Maxwell equations in differential form and give their significance
- What is D, its significance
- What is displacement current density and cause of its origin
- Maxwell’s electromagnetic wave equation - non conducting medium and for vacuum
- Energy stored in capacitor, energy stored in inductor, energy density, intensity of em waves (formulas only, no derivation or detail)
- Poynting vector - definition, units, significance, mathematical expression
- Transverse nature of em waves
- Polarization of em waves (in brief and applications only)
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