RGUHS Pharma D Important Questions (Question Bank)
Give the structural formulae for a)3-Methyl-1-penten-4-yen b)5-Hydroxy-3-hexenal Give the IUPAC names for a)H2N-CH2-CH2-C-CH2-OH b) CH3-C-CH2-CH-COOH
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FIRST YEAR PHARM D EXAMINATION
PHARMACEUTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Q.P. CODE: 2877
QUESTION BANK
CHAPTER 1: STRUCTURE AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES- 2 MARKS
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- Define polarity and dipole moment with examples.
- What are protic and aprotic solvents? Give examples.
- Explain Lewis theory of acids and bases.
- Short note on intermolecular forces
- Which is having more boiling point; Dimethyl ether or ethanol? Give reasons.
- Why Carbon tetrachloride and methane have zero dipole moment?
- Which molecule is polar and why? CH3Cl and CH4
- Describe ketoenoltautomerism with example
- Which of the following compounds would you predict to be able to form hydrogen bonding a) Ethanol b) Diethyl ether?
- Define and classify hydrogen bond with example.
- Define metamerism with example.
- Define ionic and non ionic solutes giving examples.
- Give example for structural isomer.
- Define polarity with examples.
- Explain why boiling point of water is more than ethanol and ethanol B.P is more than acetone.
- Write stability of carbanion.
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CHAPTER 2: NOMENCLATURE OF ALIPHATIC AND AROMATIC ORGANIC COMPOUNDS - 2 MARKS
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- Write the structure and IUPAC name of a)Formic acid b) Neopentane
- Write the structure and IUPAC name of a) Isopropyl alcohol b) Ethyl acetoacetate
- Write structure of cis and trans 2-butene.
- Write the structure and IUPAC name of a) Acetic acid b) Formamide
- Write the structure of a) 2-bromo 3-methyl hexane b) Methanol
- Write the structure and IUPAC name of a) Acetone b) Diethyl ether
- Write the structure and IUPAC name of a) Ethyl methyl ketone b) Diethyl ether
- Write the structure of a) Ethyl acetate b) 1,3- butadiene
- Write the structure and IUPAC name of a) Isobutane b) Dimethyl ketone
- Write the structure and IUPAC name of: a) Ethyl alcohol b) Acetylene
- Write the structures of: a) 2, 2-Dimethyl propane b) 3-Chloro pentanone.
- Write the structure and IUPAC name of a) Acetaldehyde b) Acetone.
- Write the structure of a) ortho- hydroxy benzoic acid b) 2-methyl cyclopentanone
- Write the structure and IUPAC name of: a) Methyl formate b) Isopropyl alcohol.
- Write the structures of: a) 3-methyl-2-butanone b) 2-Hexenal.
- Write the structure and IUPAC name of: a) tert-Butyl chloride b) Formamide
- Write the structure of Vinyl Bromide and allyl iodide
- Write the structure of Methyl propionate and isobutene
- Write the structures of the following
- 1, 3 - Pentadiene
- Ethyl acetate
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- Write the structure and IUPAC names of a) Chloroform b)Acetic acid
- Give the common name and IUPAC name of (i) HCOOH (ii) HCHO
- Write the structure and IUPAC name of a)Formic acid b) Neopentane
- Write the IUPAC name of Neopentane and Formaldehyde.
- Write the structure and IUPAC name of: a) Ethyl alcohol b) Acetylene
- Write the structure of Vinyl Bromide and Allyl iodide.(jan14)
- Give the structures of (a) 2-Iodo 2-Propanol (b) Ethyl ethanoate.(sep12)
- Write the IUPAC name of isobutene and neopentane.(feb/mar12)
- Give the structures of i) 3-oxo 2-methyl pentanoic acid ii) 4-methyl but-2-en 6-yne.
- Give the IUPAC names for following
CH3 CH3
CH3-CH-CH2-CH-CH3 CH3-C-CH2-CHO
CH2 CH3 CH3
- Write the IUPAC names of acetic acid and acetone.
- Give the common name and IUPAC name of (i) HCOOH (ii) HCHO
- Name the following compounds(IUPAC): (i)(CH3)4C (ii)CH2=CH-CH2-CHO
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O O
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NO2
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CHAPTER 3: FREE RADICALS CHAIN REACTION – 5 MARKS
- Describe chlorination of methane with mechanism and energy graph
- What is free radical? Classify and give the order of stability.
- Define and classify free radicals. Describe orientation and stability of free radicals.
- Discuss free radicals chain reactions of alkanes with mechanism in detail. Add a note on stability of free radicals.
- Explain the mechanism of free radical addition reaction with suitable example.
- Discuss the mechanism involved in chlorination of methane.
- Define free radicals. Classify free radicals. Explain stability and reactivity of free radicals.
- Explain free radical substitution if alkanes with mechanism and reactivity of various alkanes towards this reaction.
- Discuss free radicals chain reactions of alkanes with mechanism in detail. Add a note on stability of free radicals.
- Discuss the orientation and reactivity of free radical additions to conjugated dienes.
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CHAPTER 4: ALICYCLIC COMPOUNDS - 5 MARKS
- Describe any five methods of preparation of cycloalkanes.
- Explain Bayer's theory for stability of cycloalkanes.
- Discuss the orbital picture of angle strain.
- Write different methods of preparation of cycloalkanes.
- What are cycloalkanes? Write any three methods of preparation.
- Explain Bayer's strain theory. Write its limitations.
- Write any four method of preparation of Cycloalkanes.
- Discuss the stability of cycloalkanes.
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CHAPTER 5: NUCLEOPHILIC ALIPHATIC SUBSTITUTION-10MARKS
- What are nucleophilic aliphatic substitution reactions? Explain the mechanism, kinetics, factors affecting, stereochemistry for these reactions with example.
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- Explain Nucleophilic aliphatic substitution unimolecular reaction with a) Mechanism b)Kinetics c)Stereochemistry d)Substrate
- Explain the alkaline hydrolysis of tertiary butyl chloride with mechanism, kinetics and stereochemistry.
- What do you mean by SN1 and SN2 reactions? Explain the mechanism, kinetics and steriochemistry of SN1 reaction.
- Discuss SN2 Versus SN1 reactions with examples and mechanisms, kinetics, factors affecting.(JUN/JUL14)
- What do you mean by SN1 and SN2 reactions? Explain the mechanism, kinetics and steriochemistry of SN1 reaction. (jan14)
- Explain the alkaline hydrolysis of teritiary butyl chloride with mechanism with mechanism, kinetics and stereochemistry. (Sep12)
- Explain the mechanism and stereochemistry of SN2 reactions. (feb/mar12)
- What are SN1 and SN2 reactions? Explain their mechanism. Give an account on the various factors that influence by SN1 and SN2 reactions. (Aug/sep 12)
- Discuss SN1 versus SN2 reactions with examples and mechanisms, kinetics, factors affecting. (Jun/jul14)
- Discuss on reaction mechanism and kinetics of both the SN reaction. Elaborate the different factors on which SN reactions depend upon. (Jan 14)
- Discuss the mechanism, kinetics and stereochemistry of SN2 reaction with suitable example. (Aug13)
- Explain the mechanism, kinetics and stereochemistry of SN2 reaction. (feb/mar12)
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CHAPTER 5: NUCLEOPHILIC ALIPHATIC SUBSTITUTION-5 MARKS
- Discuss the mechanism, kinetics and stereochemistry of SN1 reaction.
- Explain the mechanism and stereochemistry of SN2 reaction.
- Explain kinetics and mechanism of SN1 reaction by selecting an appropriate example.
- Explain SN² reaction with emphasis on its mechanism and stereochemistry
- Explain the effect of nucleophile in SN reactions.
- Explain the effect of solvents in SN reactions.
- Explain SN2 reaction with emphasis on its mechanism and stereochemistry. (Aug13)
- Discuss the role of solvents in SN1 reaction. (Aug13)
- Discuss the conditions that favor uni-molecular substitution over bimolecular substation in Alkyl halides. (mar13)
- Write a note on elimination Vs substitution. (mar13)
- Discuss the role of solvent in Sn1 and Sn2 reaction. (Sep12)
- Compare SN1 and SN2 reactions. (feb/mar11)
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CHAPTER 5: NUCLEOPHILIC ALIPHATIC SUBSTITUTION-2 MARKS
- Role of nucleophiles on SN¹ & SN² reactions
- Walden inversion
- Write any two similarities and any two differences between SN1 and El reactions.
- Which is stable, methyl carbocation or Tertiary butyl carbocation? Give reasons
- Define nucleophile. Classify with examples
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CHAPTER 6: ELIMINATION REACTION-10 MARKS
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- Explain the mechanism, orientation, stereochemistry and reactivity of El and E2 reaction with appropriate examples.
- Write the kinetics, orientation and mechanism involved in E1 and E2 reactions.
- Explain mechanisms, kinetics and stereochemistry involved in the dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halides by a base.
- Write the kinetics, orientation and mechanism involved in E1 and E2 reactions.
- Explain the mechanism and orientations in E2 reactions. (feb/mar11)
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CHAPTER 6: ELIMINATION REACTION-5 marks
- Describe the mechanism of dehydration of alcohols.
- Write the mechanism of E2-reaction and E1-reaction. (aug13)
- Explain the mechanism of dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halide. (Mar13)
- Write a note on dehydration of alcohols. (Sep12)
- Explain: (Aug/sep 13)
- Saytzeff's eliminations
- Mechanism of nitration of benzene.
- Explain the mechanism of dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halides.
- Give the evidence for E2 mechanism. (Aug13)
- Write a note on elimination Vs substitution. (mar13)
- Explain the orientation and rearrangements involved in El reactions. (mar13)
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- Write a note on dehydration of alcohols. (Sep12)
- Give the mechanism of dehydrohalogenationfo alkyl halides. (feb/mar12)
- Explain dehydration of alcohol with examples. (feb/mar11)
- Write a note on dehydration of alcohols. (feb/mar11)
- Write a short note on dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halides. (feb/mar12)
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CHAPTER 6: ELIMINATION REACTION-2 Marks
- Explain the conditions which favor elimination over substitution.
- State Saytzeff rule.
- What are the products obtained on dehydrohalogenation of 2-chloro-2-methyl-butane?
- Give four differences between E1 and E2 reaction. (Aug/sep 11)
- Mechanism of El reaction. (feb/mar11)
- Write the dehydro halogenations products of 1-bromo-2-methyl pentane and 2-bromohexane. (feb/mar11)
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CHAPTER 7: ELECTROPHILIC AND FREE RADICAL ADDITION: -10 marks
- Explain the mechanism, orientation and reactivity for the addition of hydrogen halides to alkenes.
- Explain markonikov's and anti markonikov's addition with examples.
- Discuss the following a) Markovnikov's rule.(jun/jul14)
- Give structure of all alkenes expected from dehydrohalogenation by strong base of
- 2-chloropentane
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- 1-chloro-2-methylbutance
- 2-chloro-2-methylbutane
- 1-chloro-2-methylbutane
- Discuss the mechanism involved in
- Addition of HBr to propene in presence if peroxides.
- Chlorination of methane.
- Explain elecrtophillic addition reactions to alkenes, giving examples. Write the general mechanism involved.
- What is markonikov's rule? Give an account on the different reactions involving Markonikov's addition. Explain the mechanism, orientation and reactivity for the addition of hydrogen halides to alkenes.
- Discuss Markovnikov's Rule. (Jun/jul14)
- State Markovnikov's Rule. Give the mechanism involved in addition of HBr to an unsymmetrical alkene in presence and absence of peroxide.
- a. Give an account on Markonikoy's and Anti Markonikoy's additions to alkenes, giving examples. (Aug13)
- b. Explain the mechanism and orientation involved in the hydration of alkenes.
- Explain the mechanism of peroxide initiated addition of hydrogen bromide. Discuss cycloaddition reactions. (feb/mar11)
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CHAPTER 7: ELECTROPHILIC AND FREE RADICAL ADDITION: -5marks
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- What happens when propene is treated with HBr in the presence and in the absence of peroxide? Give the mechanisms.
- What are cycloaddition reactions? Explain in detail.
- Explain Diel's Alder reaction with example.
- What is peroxide effect? Explain its mechanism.
- What is peroxide effect? Explain its mechanism.
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CHAPTER 7: ELECTROPHILIC AND FREE RADICAL ADDITION: -2 marks
- What is Diel's Alder reaction?
- Define Markonikov's rule and give examples. (aug13)
- Explain Markowniff's rule taking a suitable example. (Sep12)
- Define and classify electrophiles with examples. (feb/mar12)
- Define and classify electrophiles, give examples. (Aug/sep 11)
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- Discuss the mechanism involved in anti-Markownikoff's rule.
- Explain Peroxide effect with examples and mechanism. (Aug13)
- Which is more stable; trans-2-butene or cis-2-butene? Why? (Sep12)
- Write a note on addition of carbenes to alkenes. (feb/mar12)
- Write Diel's Alder reaction. (feb/mar11)
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CHAPTER 8: Carbon-carbon double bond as substituents:- 2 MARKS
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- Explain allylicrearangement with example.
- Give one example of free radical halogenation of alkenes.
CHAPTER 9: THEORY OF RESONANCE-10 MARKS
- Explain 1,2 and 1,4 additions in conjugated dienes with mechanism. Add a note on effect of temperature.
- Explain why 1, 3 – pentadiene is more stable than 1, 4-pentadiene
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CHAPTER 9: THEORY OF RESONANCE-5 MARKS
- Discuss the stability of allylcation or allyl radical.
- Explain side chain halogenation in alkyl benzene. Add a note on benzyl radical.
- Discuss side chain halogenation in alkyl benzene. Add a note on Resonance in benzyl radical
- What is hyperconjugation? Discuss with example.
- Discuss 1,2 and 1,4 additions with examples. (JUN/JUL14)
- Define and give the mechanism of 1,2-addition and 1,4-addition reaction. (jan14)
- Explain the stability of conjugated dienes. (mar13)
- Explain why 1,3-pentadiene is more stable than 1,4-pentadiene.
- Explain 1,2 and 1,4-addition reactions. (Sep12)
- Write a short note on hyperconjugation. (Sep12)
- Write one example of 1.4 addition
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- 1,2 addition and compare the formation rate and equilibrium.
- Explain the concept of aromaticity and Huckel's rule. (Aug/sep 12)
- What is meant by orientation in aromatic nucleus? Using resonance theory explain the orientation on nitrobenzene. (Aug/sep 11)
- With the help of suitable examples explain the term hyperconjugation. (Aug/sep 11)
- Discuss 1,2 and 1,4 additions with examples. (Jun/jul14)(aug13)
- Explain the concept of aromaticity and Huckel's rule with examples. (mar13)
- Explain the stability of conjugated dienes. (Sep12)
- Give the mechanism of 1,2-and 1,4-addition reaction. (Sep12)
- Write a short note on dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halides. (feb/mar12)
- Explain the stability and resonance hybride of allyl radical. (feb/mar12)
- Explain the term Hybridization and Hyperconjugation with examples. (feb/mar11)
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CHAPTER 10: ELECTROPHILIC AROMATIC SUBSTITUTION-10 MARKS
- What are electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions? Explain the effect of substituents on orientation and reactivity on these reactions.
- Why –NH2 group is activating and ortho para directing while –NO2 group is deactivating and meta directing? Explain.
- Why chloro group is deactivating yet ortho para directing? Explain.
- Discuss the following a) Mechanism of nitration. (jun/jul14)
- Discuss the reaction and mechanism involved in following reactions; (Mar13)
- Nitration
- Sulphonation
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- What is electorphillic aromatic substitution reaction? Explain the effect of substituents with example. (Mar13)
- Discuss the mechanism involved in
- Chlorination of methane
- Discuss Friedel Craft's alkylations with examples and mechanism. Mention any two of its limitations. (feb/mar12)
- Discuss the mechanism of nitration. (Jun/jul14)
- Discuss in electrophillic aromatic substitution in benzene with respect to activating and side chain haloganation of alkyl benzene.
- Classify the substituents in electrophillic aromatic substitution reactions. Discuss the orientation and reactivity of :
- Hyroxyl group In Benzene
- Nitro group in benzene, in electrophillic aromatic substitution reaction.(Aug-13)
- Write the mechanism involved in nitration of benzene. (Aug13)
- State and explain Friedel Crafts alkylation with its limitations. Write a note on Friedel Crafts alkylation.
- Classify the substituent groups based on orientation and reactivity.es
- What is meant by orientation in aromatic nucleus? Using resonance theory explain the orientation on nitrobenzene. (Aug/sep 11)
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CHAPTER 10: ELECTROPHILIC AROMATIC SUBSTITUTION-5 MARKS
- Discuss the mechanism involved in sulphonation of benzene.
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- Write mechanism of Friedel Craft's alkylation.
- Explain the orientation in disubstituted benzenes.
- Describe nitration of benzene with mechanism.
- What is the effect of substituent groups on electrophillic aromatic substitution? (JUN/JUL14)
- Write the mechanism for Friedal craft alkylation. Write its limitations. (jan14)
- Write the mechanism of Friedal craft alkylation with example. (aug-13)
- Write the mechanism of Friedal craft alkylation with mechanism. (mar13)
- Discuss the mechanism of chlorination of methane. (Jun/jul14)
- Discuss the mechanism involved in theory of nitration and sulphonation.
- Discuss Friedel Craft's alkylation with its limitations. (Aug13)
- Discuss the mechanism of Friedel-Craft's alkylations in benzene. What are their limitations? (mar13)
- Discuss the stability of benzyl radical. (feb/mar12)
- What activating and deactivating groups? Discuss the theory of reactivity in aromatic rings. (feb/mar12)
- Explain the effect of substituents on electrophillic aromatic. (feb/mar12)
- Give the mechanism of sulphonation and chlorination of benzene. (feb/mar11)
- Explain the Friedal Craft's reaction with its limitations.
- Describe the mechanism and conditions for the following reactions.
- Describe Nitration of benzene
- Describe Sulphonation of benzene
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CHAPTER 11: CARBOXYLIC ACIDS- 5 MARKS
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- Why carboxylic acid are acidic in nature? Write the effect of electron withdrawing groups on acidity.
- Describe acidity of carboxylic acids. Chloro acetic acid is more acidic than acetic acid. Give reason.
- Explain ionisation of carboxylic acid and write the structure of carboxylate anion.
- Write the conversion of acid to acid chloride, amide and ester.
- Compare the acidity among formic acid, acetic acid and trichloroacetic acid.
- Discuss Conversion of acidity to its various derivatives.(JUN/JUL14)
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- Write a note on effect of substituents on acidity of carboxylic acids.
- Discuss the structure of carboxylate ion and acid acidity of carboxylic acids. (feb/mar12)
- Write the preparation of various acid derivatives with examples. (Jan 14)
- Write a note on effect of substituents on the acidity of carboxylic acids. (Aug13)
- Write a note on the acidity of carboxylic acids. (mar13)
- Explain the acidity of acids. (feb/mar12)
- Explain esterification reaction with mechanism. (feb/mar12)
- Explain the acidity of carboxylic acid and add a note on effect of substiuents. (feb/mar11)
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CHAPTER 11: CARBOXYLIC ACIDS- 2 MARKS
- Convert benzoic acid to methyl benzoate.
- Write the resonance structures of carbonium ion. (mar13)
- Addition of Grinard reagents to carbonyl compounds.
- Esterification. (Sep12)
- Conversion of acids to amides and anhydrides. (Jan 14)
- How will you convert a carboxylic acid to an amide? (Aug13)
- Give the characteristics of esterification reaction. Give an example.
- Compare the acidity and acetic acid and chloroacetic acid. (feb/mar12)
- Synthesize amides from acyl chlorides.
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CHAPTER 12: NUCLEOPHILIC ADDITION IN ALDEHYDES AND KETONES-5 MARKS
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- Discuss the mechanism involved in Perkin condensation
- Explain the reaction mechanism of Aldol condensation.
- Name the products of the reaction of methyl magnesium bromide with formaldehyde and acetaldehyde.
- Discuss the mechanisms involved in Benzoin condensation
- Discuss the nucleophilic addition reaction and write a note on reactivity of aldehydes & ketones towards this reaction
- What is aldol condensation? Explain with examples. (JUN/JUL14)
- Explain Claisen condensation with example. (aug13)
- Explain Aldol condensation with example and mechanism. (mar13)
- Explain Aldol and crossed Aldol condensation atoms with the mechanism. (Sep12)
- Give the mechanism involved in the following reactions. (feb/mar12)
- Cannizaro's reaction
- Reformatsky's reaction.
- Explain benzoin condensation giving its mechanism and applications. (feb/mar12)
- Give the mechanism involved in :Benzoincondensation.CrossedCannizzaro's reaction.
- What is aldol condensation? Explain with examples. (Jun/jul14)
- Discuss the mechanism involved in Aldol and crossed Aldol condensation. (Jan 14)
- Explain Perkin condensation mechanism. (Aug13)
- Explain the mechanism of Cannizzaro and crossed Cannizzaro reaction with appropriate examples. (feb/mar12)
- Explain Cannizzaro reaction with mechanism.
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CHAPTER 12: NUCLEOPHILIC ADDITION IN ALDEHYDES AND KETONES-2 MARKS
- Name the products of the reaction of ethyl magnesium bromide with propanaldehyde and acetaldehyde.
- Reformatsky reaction.
- Grignard reagents
- Write the reaction involved in Cannixzzaro reaction. (JUN/JUL14)
- Reformatsky reaction. (mar13)
- What is crossed –Aldol condensation? Give one example. (feb/mar12)
- What is the action of Grignard's reagent on acetone? Give the reaction. (feb/mar12)
- Write the reaction involved in Cannizzaro reaction. (Jun/jul14)
- Nomenclature of aldehydes. (Jan 14)
- What is crossed Aldol condensation? Give the equation. (mar13)
- How will you convert acetaldehyde to acetic acid. (feb/mar11)
- Give one example for each: (feb/mar11)
- Crossed cannizzaro's reaction
- Crossed Aldol condensation.
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CHAPTER 13: AMINES AND PHENOLS -10 MARKS
- Discuss the effect of substituents on acidity of carboxylic acids. Write a note on how carboxylic acids are converted into their derivatives.
- Discuss the mechanism of the following reactions A) RiemerTiemannReaction.B) Beckmann Rearrangement
CHAPTER 13: AMINES AND PHENOLS -2 MARKS
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- How will you convert phenol to salicylic acid? Write reactions.
- Discuss acidity of phenols.
- Explain the effect of substituents on acidity of phenols.
- Ortho nitrophenol is more acidic than phenol. Comment
- Compare the acidity among formic acid, acetic acid and trichloroacetic acid.
- Compare the basicity among ammonia, ethylamine, tertiary butylamine
- Write the conversion of acid to ester. (aug13)
- Explain acidity of phenols. (aug13)
- Write Williamson synthesis. (aug13)
- Explain Kolbe's reaction. (aug13)
- What are primary and secondary amines? Give examples. (mar13)
- Fries rearrangement.
- Outline Sandmeyer's reaction. (mar13)
- Diazocoupling reaction. (Sep12)
- Write an note on Riemer- Tiemann's reaction. (feb/mar12)
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