Download MGR (The Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University) MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery) 1st Year Anatomy Syllabus
1.GOAL
The broad goal of the teaching of undergraduate students in Anatomy aims at providing comprehensive knowledge of the gross and microscopic
structure and development of the human body to provide a basis for understanding the clinical correlation of organs or structures involved and the
anatomical basis for the disease presentations.
2.SPECIFIC LEARNING OBJECTIVES
2A. KNOWLEDGE:
At the end of the course the student shall be able to:
(a) describe the normal disposition, clinically relevant interrelationships, functional and cross sectional anatomy of the various structures in the body;
(b) identify and describe the microscopic structure and correlate elementary ultrastructure of various organs and tissues and correlate the structure
with the functions as a prerequisite for understanding the altered state in various disease processes;
(c) describe the basic structure and connections of the central nervous system to analyse the integrative and regulative functions of the organs and
systems. The student shall be able to identify the site of gross lesions according to the deficits encountered.
(d) demonstrate knowledge of the basic principles and sequential development of the organs and systems, recognise the clinical stages of
development and the effects of common teratogens. The student shall be able to explain the developmental basis of the major variations and
abnormalities.
2B. SKILLS:
At the end of the course the student shall be able to;
(a) identify and locate describe all the structures of the body and mark the topography of the living anatomy.
(b) Identify and locate structures in gross Anatomy Sections.
(c) identify describe, depict normal appearance of the organs and tissues under the microscope;
(d) Describe the principles of karyotyping and identify the gross congenital anomalies;
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(e) Describe the principles of newer imaging techniques like Ultra sound, MRI, Computerised Tomography Scan, Interpretation of plain and contrast
X-rays.
(f) Describe the clinical basis of some common clinical procedures i.e. intra-muscular and intravenous injection, lumbar puncture, kidney biopsy etc.
2C. INTEGRATION:
From the integrated teaching of other basic sciences, student shall be able to describe the regulation and integration of the functions of the organs and
systems in the body and interpret the anatomical basis of disease processes.
Horizontal integration can be done in common with basic science departments, and vertical integration can be done with clinical departments. For
example, horizontal integration can be the study of liver along with Physiology and Biochemistry; and vertical integration can be the study of
anatomical basis of varicose veins along with General Surgery.
A list of topics for Integration is given below.
3. A.TEACHING HOURS - One example of the duration for each of the Teaching-Learning Methods
For example: Embryology Lectures: Duration = 2 hours per week, each class lasting 45 - 60 minutes.
Lectures - hours
Practicals - hours
Group Discussions Demonstration Seminars
Integrated
- hours
- hours
- hours
Teaching
- hours
General Anatomy -9
General Histology-12
Osteology- (Total
Abdomen-15
8
5
26)
General Embryology-10
Upper Limb Dissection-35
Upper Limb-5
Neuroanatomy-23
General Histology-10
Lower Limb dissection-40
Lower Limb-5
Genetics-2
Upper Limb-30
Abdomen dissection-60
Thorax-3
Total-43
Lower Limb-25
Abdomen Histology-14
Abdomen and
Pelvis-3
Abdomen Gross Anatomy-43 Thorax Dissection-30
Head and Neck-10
Abdomen Embryology-7
Thorax Histology-4
Abdomen Histology-14
Head and Neck Dissection-86 Radiology 1 each
2
(Total-5)
Thorax Gross Antomy-15
Head and Neck Histology-8
Thorax Histology-4
Neuroanatomy Histology-10
Surface Anatomy
1 each (Total 5)
Thorax Embryology-4
Head and Neck Gross
Anatomy- 50
Head and Neck Embryology-7
Head and Neck Histology -8
Neuroanatomy-20
Genetics-3
Total-259 hours
Total -299 hours
Total -36 hours
Total 43 hours
Total 8
Total 5
hours
hours
Grand Total=650 hours
3B.TEACHING METHODOLOGY
Theory (Teaching-Learning methods)
1. Interactive Lecture (include buzz groups, self-assessment questions, quizzes, MCQs. One minute paper)
2. Didactic Lecture- with a problem solving approach, with discussions of relevant clinical problems.
3. Seminar
4. Symposium
5. Role play and discussion on medical ethics topics
6. Self-directed learning
Practicals
1. Dissection
2. Small Group Discussion - Osteology, Surface marking, OSPE-Genetics, Radiology
3. Demonstrations - Histology slides, Embryology models
4. Case Discussion - Nerve Lesions, e.g. Facial Palsy, Radial Nerve Palsy
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4.THEORY SYLLABUS & 5.PRACTICAL SYLLABUS
(1) GENERAL ANATOMY SYLLABUS (12 hours)
Topic
Must Know
Desirable to know
Nice to know
and duration of study
60%
30%
10%
Introduction to anatomy
Anatomical terminology
An understanding of the various
subdivisions of anatomy
Anatomical position
Anatomical planes
Terms of direction, relation,
comparison, laterality & movement
Introduction to bones
Composition of bone and bone
Laws of ossification,
marrow
including direction of
Regional classification of
nutrient foramen and the
skeleton
growing end of the bone
Structural classification of bone
Exceptions to the laws of
a. Distribution of spongy and
ossification
compact bone in the body
Classification of bone according
to shape
Classification of bone based on
ossification
Parts of a long bone
Blood and nerve supply of a
long bone
Special features of a sesamoid
bone
Introduction to joints
Definition
Types of sutures
Classification according to
(Unnecessary
a. Structure- with subtypes and
detail)
examples of fibrous,
cartilaginous and synovial joints
b. Mobility
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c. Axes of movement
Complex and compound joints
Nerve supply of joints- Hilton's
law
Blood supply of joints
Introduction to the muscular system
Structural classification of
Classification of muscle
Actions of muscles
muscle
according to direction of
as compared to
Parts of a skeletal muscle
muscle fibres and shape
systems of levers
Differentiate tendon and
Shunt and spurt
aponeurosis
muscles
General principles about how
(Unnecessary
attachments of muscles affect the
detail)
joints they cross
Classification of
Classification of muscle
skeletal muscle
according to action (agonists,
according to
antagonists, synergists, fixators)
type of
contraction
(Will be covered in
Physiology)
Introduction to the cardiovascular
Classification into blood
Concepts of thrombosis,
system
vascular system
infarction, aneurysm
Differentiate pulmonary and
Concept of lymphoedema
systemic circulation
and spread of tumors via
Layers of any blood vessel
lymphatics and venous
Types of blood vessels
system
a.
General differences
between arteries and veins
b.
Functional difference
between elastic, muscular
arteries and arterioles
c.
Function of meta-
arterioles, precapillary
sphincters, arterio-venous
anastomoses
d.
Microvasculature-types
of capillaries and their functional
significance
Venous return
a. Musculo-venous pumps
b. Role of valves
Definition and structure of a
portal system
Concept of anastomoses and
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collateral circulation
Significance of end-arteries
Lymphatic system
Components and function of the
lymphatic system
a. Structure of lymph capillaries
b. Concept that lymphatics
accompany blood vessels
c. Concept that lymph ultimately
drains into the venous system
d. Function of lymph nodes in the
lymphatic system
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For the following regions (2) Upper limb and (3) Lower limb, (4) Thorax, (5) Abdomen and (6) Head & Neck- General concept of the parts of the bones to which each
muscle is attached, and the relation of the fibres to the axes of the joints they cross in order to understand how a muscle causes a particular movement must be taught.
Muscles may be discussed as muscle groups.
Wherever clinical conditions are mentioned only the relevant anatomical basis is required.
(2) UPPER LIMB ? SYLLABUS (100 hours)
Topic
Must Know
Desirable to know
Nice to know
Overview
Major segments (e.g. shoulder)
Bones
Clavicle
Muscle attachments
Side determination (one
Unique features
feature for each of the
Scapula
opposite directions)
Humerus
Anatomical position
Ulna
Identification and
Radius
description of features of
each part
Articulations
Bones
Articulated hand:
Scaphoid fractures and
Identify and name the various bones in
avascular necrosis
the articulated hand
Peculiarities of pisiform
Prominent features of carpal bones
bone in its development,
o Tubercle of scaphoid
muscle attachment
o Crest of trapezium
o Hook of hamate
Parts of metacarpals and phalanges
Pectoral Region
Muscles:
Clavipectoral fascia:
Position, name of bones to which
Attachments of subclavius
Position, extent,
attached, nerve supply and actions of
structures
pectoralis major, pectoralis minor and
piercing it
Breast:
Location, extent, deep relations
Type of gland, structure
Age changes
Blood supply
Lymphatic drainage
Applied anatomy:
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o Breast abscess
o Breast cancer
o Developmental anomalies
Axilla
Boundaries, contents
Axillary Artery:
o Origin, extent, course, parts,
relations, branches
Axillary Vein:
Brachial plexus:
o Formation, extent, course,
- Variations - Prefixed and
relations, tributaries
postfixed plexuses
Brachial plexus:
- Injuries ? Erb palsy
o formation, branches, relations,
and Klumpke paralysis
area of supply of branches,
- Anaesthetic block
course and relations of terminal
branches
Enlargement of axillary lymph
Axillary lymph nodes:
nodes
o Anatomical groups and their
areas of drainage
Back
- Concept of layers of muscles of the back
Specific attachments of
Triangle of
with emphasis on trapezius and latissimus
trapezius and latissimus dorsi
auscultation
dorsi
muscles
- Injury of spinal accessory nerve, and
Arterial anastomosis around
axillary nerve
the scapula and collateral
Shoulder Region
circulation
- deltoid, rotator cuff muscles
?
Movements of the scapula and muscles
involved
Testing of serratus anterior
?
Shoulder joint ? description of type,
articular surfaces, capsule, synovial
membrane, ligaments, relations,
movements and muscles involved, blood
and nerve supply, Subacromial bursa
Injury of axillary nerve during
intramuscular injections
Dislocation of glenohumeral
joint
Free upper limb
Fascia of upper limb and compartments
Veins of upper limb
- Superficial and deep
?
Lymphatic drainage
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?
Cutaneous nerves of upper limb
? Dermatomes of upper limb
Arm and cubital fossa
Muscle groups of upper arm with
- Nerves liable to be involved
Deep tendon reflexes
emphasis on biceps and triceps
in fracture of the humerus and of biceps and triceps
Origin, course, relations, branches (or
clinical manifestations
tributaries), termination of nerves and
- Anastomosis around the
vessels
elbow joint
Cubital fossa ? boundaries, roof, floor,
contents and relations of contents
Venepuncture of cubital veins
Saturday night paralysis
Front of Forearm and Palm
Muscle groups of forearm with
attachments, nerve supply and actions of:
Flexor muscles in the superficial,
intermediate and deep layers of the
forearm
Origin, course, relations, branches (or
tributaries), termination of nerves and
vessels
Position for palpation of radial artery
pulsations
Flexor retinaculum and its attachments
Carpal tunnel syndrome
?
Palm and hand
- thenar and hypothenar muscles, lumbricals
and interossei
- Boundaries and contents of
- Ulnar and median claw hand
fascial compartments and
spaces
- Movements of the thumb and muscles
involved
? Dupuytren contracture of
palmar aponeurosis
- Long flexor tendons, fibrous flexor sheaths,
ulnar bursa, radial bursa and digital synovial
? Applied anatomy of fascial
sheaths
spaces
- Course and branches of blood vessels and
? Tenosynovitis
nerves in the hand
Back of forearm
Muscle groups of forearm with
attachments, nerve supply and actions of:
extensor muscles of forearm
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Origin, course, relations, branches (or
tributaries), termination of nerves and
vessels
Wrist drop
- Compartments deep to extensor retinaculum
and contents of each one
Dorsum of hand
Extensor expansion - formation and
Anatomical "snuff box"
muscles attached
Joints of upper limb
Description of type, articular surfaces,
Description of type, articular
Carrying angle
capsule, synovial membrane, ligaments,
surfaces, capsule, synovial
relations movements, blood and nerve supply membrane, ligaments,
Intercarpal joints
of:
relations movements, blood
intermatacarpal
Elbow joint (including muscles involved
and nerve supply of:
joints
in movements of the joint)
Sternoclavicular joint
Carpometacarpal
Proximal and distal radio-ulnar joints
Acromioclavicular joint
joints,except first
(including muscles involved in
carpometacarpal
movements of the joint)
Dislocation of radial head
joint
Wrist joint (including muscles involved in
Metacarpophalan
movements of the joint)
geal joint
First carpometacarpal joint (including
Interphalangeal
muscles involved in movements of the
joint
joint)
Radiology
Anteroposterior and lateral views of
bones and joints of upper limb
Surface anatomy
Bony landmarks:
Jugular notch, sternal angle, acromial
angle,
spine of the scapula - vertebral level of
the medial end
Inferior angle of the scapula ? vertebral
level
Surface projection of:
Axillary artery
Axillary nerve
Cephalic and basilic vein
Brachial artery
Radial artery
Embryology
Basic concept of development of upper
limb
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(10) GENERAL HISTOLOGY ? SYLLABUS (40 hours)
Topic
Must Know
Desirable to know
Nice to know
Epithelium
Connective tissue proper
Loose areolar tissue, dense connective tissue
?regular, adipose tissue
Cartilage
Bone
Muscle
Blood vessels
Microvasculature
Lymphoid tissue
Nervous tissue
(8) GENERAL EMBRYOLOGY ? SYLLABUS ( 8 hours)
Topics
Must know
Desirable to know
Nice to know
Introduction
Terms used in embryology
Stages of development
Mitosis and Meiosis and
Primordial germ cells
Concept of Chromosomal abnormalities ?
numerical / structural
Gene mutation
Gametogenesis
Oogenesis
Spermatogenesis
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Uterine and ovarian cycles
Uterine and ovarian cycles
Ovulation
Fertilization and Blastocyst
Definition, Phases of fertilization, Results Assisted reproductive technology ? IVF,
of fertilization, Contraceptive methods-
GIFT, ZIFT, ICSI
barrier techniques, contraceptive pills,
IUD, vasectomy and tubectomy,
Infertility
Embryonic and adult stem cells
Bilaminar germ disc
?
Implantation
? Abnormal implantation
Trilaminar germ disc
? Gastrulation
Embryonic period
Definition, Neurulation ? neural pores
External appearance during 2nd month
and the time of closure, Derivatives of
Induction and organogenesis
each of the 3 germ layers, Somites
Foetal membranes and Placenta
Structure, Placental circulation, Function,
Erythroblastosis
Placental barrier
fetalis and fetal
hydrops
Amnion and umbilical cord
Structure and function
Amniotic fluid- hydramnios and
Umbilical cord
oligohydramnios
anomalies, Amniotic
bands
Birth defects
Types of abnormalities ? malformation,
disruption, deformation, syndrome,
Teratogens
Prenatal diagnosis
Ultrasonography, Maternal serum
screening, Amniocentesis, Chorionic
villus sampling
Twinning
Monozygotic and dizygotic twins,
Conjoint twins
(3) LOWER LIMB ? SYLLABUS (80 hours)
Topic
Must Know
Desirable to know
Nice to know
Overview
Regions
12
Bones
Hip bone
Neck-shaft
Side determination (one
Femur - ossification of lower end
angle
feature for each of the
opposite directions)
Patella
Anatomical position
Tibia -Ossification of upper end
Identification and
description of features of
Fibula
each part
Articulations
Articulated foot
Fascia, veins, lymphatics
Fascia lata
Enlarged inguinal lymph nodes
cutaneous nerves of lower
Intermuscular septa
Flexor, extensor and peroneal
limb
Venous drainage of lower limb
retinacula
Varicose veins and deep vein thrombosis
Musculovenous pump
Lymphatic drainage of lower limb including
areas draining into inguinal lymph nodes
Dermatomes of lower limb
Cutaneous nerves of lower limb
Front of thigh
Muscle groups with their attachment, nerve
Psoas abscess
supply and actions
Femoral hernia
Insertion of psoas major, and quadriceps
Palpation of femoral artery
femoris
Knee jerk
Origin, course, relations, branches (or
tributaries), termination of nerves and
vessels
Boundaries, floor, roof and contents of
femoral triangle
Medial side of thigh
Muscle groups with their attachment, nerve
supply and actions
Adductor canal
Gluteal region
Muscle groups with their attachment, nerve
- Trendelenburg sign
supply and actions
- Pudendal block
Insertion of gluteus maximus, medius and
minimus
Relations of piriformis and ischial spine
Origin, course, relations, branches (or
tributaries), termination of nerves and
vessels
- Liability of sciatic nerve to injury during
gluteal intramuscular injections
Back of thigh
Muscle groups with their attachment, nerve
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supply and actions
Position, name of bones to which attached,
nerve supply and actions of hamstrings,
Origin, course, relations, branches (or
tributaries), termination of nerves and
vessels
Hip joint
?
Description of type, articular surfaces,
Dislocation of hip joint
capsule, synovial membrane, ligaments,
Surgical hip replacement
relations, movements and muscles involved,
blood and nerve supply, bursae around the
joint,
? Fracture neck of femur
Popliteal fossa
Boundaries, roof, floor, contents and
relations of contents
?
?
Popliteal pulse
Position, attachments, nerve supply and
actions of popliteus
Front of leg
Muscle groups with their attachment, nerve
Anterior compartment,
supply and actions of muscles in each
Dorsum of foot
compartment
and Lateral Compartments Origin, course, relations, branches (or
tributaries), termination of nerves and
vessels
Injury to common peroneal nerve and foot
drop
Knee joint
?
Description of type, articular surfaces,
Anastomosis around the knee
capsule, synovial membrane, ligaments,
Knee joint injuries
relations, movements and muscles involved,
Bursitis in knee region
blood and nerve supply, bursae around the
Osteoarthritis
joint,
Locking and unlocking of the knee joint
Back of leg
Muscle groups with their attachment, nerve
Ankle jerk
Rupture of calcaneal
supply and actions of muscles in superficial
tendon
and deep muscle groups
Origin, course, relations, branches (or
tributaries), termination of nerves and
vessels
Relations of ankle joint
"Peripheral heart"
Tendocalcaneus
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Sole of foot
Basic organization
Flat foot,
Club foot
Factors maintaining and importance of
Plantar fasciitis
arches of the foot
Joints of lower limb
?
Description of type, articular surfaces,
Subtalar and transverse tarsal joints
capsule, synovial membrane, ligaments,
relations, movements and muscles involved,
blood and nerve supply, bursae around the:
Tibiofibular joints
Ankle joint
Radiology
?
AP and Lateral views of bones and joints of
Shenton's line
lower limb:
? Lateral view of the foot-identification of
bones of the foot
Surface Anatomy
Bony landmarks:
Nelaton's line,
Vertebral levels of highest point of iliac
Shoemaker's
crest, posterior superior iliac spines, iliac
line
tubercle, pubic tubercle, ischial tuberosity,
Bryant's
adductor tubercle,
triangle
Tibial tuberosity, head of fibula,
Medial and lateral malleoli,
Condyles of femur and tibia,
Palpation of pulsations of arteries- femoral,
popliteal, posterior tibial and dorsalis pedis
Mid inguinal point
Midpoint of the inguinal ligament
Femoral artery, vein and nerve,
Saphenous opening
Dorsalis pedis artery,
Sciatic nerve, tibial and common peroneal
nerves, deep peroneal nerve,
great and small saphenous veins
Embryology
Basic concept of development of lower
limb
(5) ABDOMEN & PELVIS ? SYLLABUS (135 hours)
Topic
Must Know
Desirable to know
Nice to know
Abdominal wall
Planes
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Anterior abdominal wall
Transpyloric, Transtubercular, Subcostal
Lateral vertical
Linea alba, Linea semilunaris
Fascia of anterior abdominal wall
Abdominal incisions
Regions and quadrants of abdomen
Nerves & blood vessels of abdominal wall
Muscles
Collateral routes for
Name of the muscles, direction of fibers, their abdominopelvic venous blood
actions and nerve supply, neurovascular plane
Rectus sheath formation, its contents
Inguinal canal
Superficial inguinal ring, Deep inguinal ring
Attachments of muscles of
Inguinal ligament
anterior abdominal wall
Attachment & modifications
Extent, boundaries, contents
Inguinal (Hasselbach's) triangle
Male external genitalia
Inguinal hernia
Testis
Clinical anatomy
Coverings, internal structure, blood supply,
Varicocoele
nerve supply, lymphatic drainage, descent of
Penis
testis, cryptorchidism, ectopic testis
Parts, components, blood supply
and lymphatic drainage
Epididymis
Phimosis, Circumcision
Parts
Lymphatic spread in carcinoma
testis and scrotum
Posterior abdominal wall
Cremasteric reflex, Rupture
urethra, Ligaments of penis
Muscles ? Name, attachments, nerve supply and Thoracolumbar fascia
Muscles of the back (intrinsic
action
muscles)
Lumbar plexus ? root value, formation &
branches
Clinical anatomy
Psoas abscess
Position, nerve supply and action
Peritoneal cavity
Lesser sac
Boundaries and recesses, Epiploic foramen
Greater sac
Boundaries of subdiaphragmatic spaces
Duodenal recesses
Definition of ligaments, omentum and mesentery Caecal recesses
The mesentery
Clinical anatomy
Attachment and contents, Rectouterine pouch, Ascitis, Peritonitis
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Uterovesical pouch
Subphrenic abscess
Rectovesical pouch
Viscera
Name, position, external and internal features, Clinical anatomy:
important peritoneal and other relations, blood Importance of splenic notch
supply, nerve supply, lymphatic drainage and
during palpation of spleen
applied aspects of:
Accessory spleens
Spleen, Abdominal part of oesophagus
Anatomical basis of
Stomach, Liver & its vascular segments
o Kehr's sign (Referred pain in
Gall bladder, Pancreas, Small intestines
the left shoulder during
Caecum, Appendix, Colon, Kidneys, Ureter
splenic infarction)
Suprarenals,
o different types of vagotomy in
Extrahepatic bilary apparatus
gastric ulcer
o Liver biopsy ? site of needle
puncture
o Referred pain in cholecystitis
o obstructive jaundice in biliary
tract obstruction
o Referred pain around
umbilicus in acute
appendicitis
o Radiating pain of kidney to
groin
Lymphatic spread in carcinoma
stomach ? special emphasis on
Trosier's sign
Clinical importance of Calot's
triangle
Blood vessels & nerves
Veins: Formation, course relations and
tributaries of- Portal vein, portosystemic
anastomosis
o haemetemesis, malena, caput medusae in
portal hypertension
Inferior vena cava, Renal vein
Concept of superior mesenteric
Arteries
plexus, inferior mesenteric
Origin, course, important relations and branches plexus, renal plexus, superior
of abdominal aorta, coeliac artery, superior
hypogastric plexus, inferior
mesenteric artery, inferior mesenteric artery,
hypogastric plexus
common iliac artery, external iliac artery
Reason for preserving 1st lumbar
Autonomic nervous system
sympathetic ganglion in lumbar
Coeliac ganglion
sympathectomy
Diaphragm
Attachments, openings, nerve supply & action Abnormal openings and
diaphragmatic hernia
17
Pelvis
Muscles: Levator ani & coccygeus (pelvic
Clinical anatomy
diaphragm), Obturator internus, Piriformis
Anatomical basis of :
o suprapubic cystotomy
Viscera: Position, features, important peritoneal o Urinary obstruction in benign
and other relations, blood supply, nerve supply,
prostatic hypertrophy
lymphatic drainage and
o Retroverted uterus
Clinical aspects of-Urinary bladder & pelvic part o Prolapse uterus
of ureter, Rectum, Anal canal
Neurological lesions of the
Prostate, age changes
bladder
Seminal vesicle, Vas deferens, Ejaculatory
o Autonomous neurogenic
ducts, Male urethra
bladder
Uterus & its supports, Fallopian tube
o Atonic bladder
Ovary, Vagina, Female urethra
o Automatic bladder
Blood vessels: Origin, course, important
Lobes involved in benign
relations and branches of - Internal iliac artery prostatic hypertrophy & prostatic
Nerves:
cancer, Vasectomy
Structures palpable during
Tubal pregnancy, Tubal ligation
o Vaginal examination
Sacral plexus
o Rectal examination
Branches
Internal and external haemorrhoids
Pelvic splanchnic nerve
Anal fistula
Perineum
Extent and Subdivisions of perineum
Clinical anatomy
Superficial perineal pouch - boundaries and
contents
Perineal tear / episiotomy
Deep perineal pouch ? boundaries and contents
Perineal body, Perineal membrane
Ischiorectal / ischioanal fossa, Perianal abscess
and anal fissure
Joints
Curvatures of the vertebral column
Scoliosis, lordosis, prolapsed
Type, articular ends, ligaments and movements disc, spondylolisthesis, spina
of: Intervertebral joints, Sacroiliac joints, Pubic bifida
symphysis
Lumbar puncture: Site, direction of the needle,
structures pierced during the lumbar puncture
Cross-sectional anatomy
Cross-section at the level of L1 (transpyloric
Cross-sectional anatomy of
plane)
abdomen and pelvis
Microanatomy
Gastro-intestinal system: Oesophagus, Fundus of Cardio-oesophageal junction
stomach, Pylorus of stomach, Duodenum,
Jejunum, Ileum, Large intestine, Appendix,
Liver, Gall bladder, Pancreas, Suprarenal gland
Urinary system: Kidney, Ureter, Urinary bladder
Male Reproductive System: Testis, vas deferens,
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Prostate
Female reproductive system:
Ovary, uterus, Uterine tube, cervix, Placenta,
Epididymis, seminal vesicle,
umbilical cord
Uterus - Proliferative and
secretory phases of Corpus
luteum
Embryology
Anterior abdominal wall
Abdominal aorta
Inferior vena cava
Diaphragm
Portal vein
Development and congenital anomalies of:
Embryological basis and
Foregut & spleen, midgut and hindgut
clinical presentation of
Derivatives of dorsal and ventral mesenteries
congenital anomalies
Urinary system
Achalasia cardia, Congenital
Male reproductive system
hypertrophic pyloric stenosis,
Female reproductive system
Annular pancreas, Errors of
rotation of the gut, Errors of
fixation, Exomphalos,
Gastroschisis, Umbilical hernia,
Situs inversus
Congenital obstruction: Atresia,
Stenosis
Meckel's diverticulum,
Imperforate anus, Hirchsprung
disease (Congenital megacolon),
Horseshoe kidney
Congenital polycystic kidney,
Aberrant renal arteries, Ectopia
vesicae, Epispadias
Hypospadias, Rectovaginal
fistula
Osteology
Features of typical and atypical lumbar vertebra, Coccyx
Sacrum
Bony pelvis: Anatomical position
Bony Pelvis
Types
Define true pelvis and false pelvis
Clinical Anatomy
Boundaries of pelvic inlet, pelvic cavity, pelvic Sacralization of lumbar vertebra,
outlet, Sex determination
Lumbarization of 1st sacral
vertebra
Radiological anatomy
Plain x-ray abdomen
Principles of USG, ERCP, CT
Contrast X-rays: Barium swallow, Barium meal, abdomen,
Barium enema, Cholecystography
MRI
Intravenous pyelography,
Hysterosalphingography, Arteriography
19
Surface anatomy
Regions and planes of abdomen, Stomach
Spleen,
Liver, Fundus of gall bladder, Kidneys,
Duodenum
Abdominal aorta , Inferior vena cava, Superficial Pancreas
inguinal ring, Deep inguinal ring,
Ileocaecal junction
McBurney's point Root of the mesentery
(4) THORAX ? SYLLABUS (60 hours)
Topic
Must Know
Desirable to know
Nice to know
Osteology
Sternum
Features of 2nd, 11th
Ribs
and 12th ribs
Definition of a true and false rib
Features of a typical rib and 1st rib
Thoracic vertebra
Features of the 1st, 11th and
12th thoracic vertebrae
Features of a typical thoracic vertebra
Thoracic cage
Boundaries of thoracic inlet, cavity and outlet
and structures passing through them
Walls of thorax
Muscles
Extent, attachments, direction of fibres, nerve
supply and actions of external intercostal,
internal intercostal, innermost intercostal,
Typical spinal nerve
1st and 2nd intercostal nerves
Origin, course, relations and branches
Origin, course, relations and
branches
Subcostal nerve
Anterior and posterior intercostal arteries,
Origin, course, relations and
veins and lymphatics
branches
Origin, course, relations and branches
or tributaries
20
Internal thoracic artery
Origin, course, relations and branches
Pleural cavity
Pleura
Parietal pleura and visceral pleura
Suprapleural membrane
Pleural recesses
Blood supply, lymphatic drainage and
nerve supply
Applied anatomy
Pleuritis
Pneumothorax
Pleural effusion
Thoracocentesis
Lungs
External features and relations
Difference between hilum and root
Structures which form the root of
Bronchial asthma
lung
Description of a bronchopulmonary
Bronchogenic carcinoma
segment
Blood supply, lymphatic drainage
and nerve supply
Lobe of azygos vein
Applied anatomy
Lung abscess
Trachea
Extent, length, relations, blood
supply, lymphatic drainage and
nerve supply
Applied anatomy
Tracheostomy
Bronchi
Relations, blood supply, lymphatic
21
drainage and nerve supply
Applied anatomy
Bronchitis
Phrenic nerves
Origin, course, relations and area of
supply
Applied anatomy
Mediastinum
Subdivisions, boundaries and contents
of superior, anterior, middle and
posterior mediastina
Middle mediastinum
Pericardium
Fibrous skeleton of heart
Subdivisions, sinuses in the
pericardium, blood supply and nerve
supply
Applied anatomy
Pericardial effusion
Heart External and internal features
Description of the interior of each
chamber
Conducting system of heart
Parts, position and arterial supply
Coronary arteries
Origin, course and branches
Applied anatomy
Venous drainage of heart
Coronary sinus
Formation, course, tributaries and
termination
Anterior cardiac veins
Venae cordis minimae
Nerve supply of heart
Position and components of superficial
and deep cardiac plexuses
Blood vessels
22
Posterior mediastinum
Oesophagus
External appearance, relations, blood
supply, nerve supply and lymphatic
drainage
Applied anatomy
Oesophageal varices
Thoracic sympathetic chain
Location, extent and relations
Splanchnic nerves
Thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct
Extent, external appearance,
relations and tributaries
Venous drainage of posterior abdominal
wall:
Azygos vein
Origin, course, relations, tributaries and
termination
Hemiazygos vein
Origin, course, relations, tributaries and
termination
Accessory hemiazygos vein
Origin, course, relations, tributaries and
termination
Descending thoracic aorta
Extent, branches and relations
Vagus nerve in thorax
Joints of thorax
Type, articular surfaces, capsule,
Costochondral and
ligaments, nerve supply and movements
interchondral joints
of manubriosternal, sternocostal,
costovertebral, costotransverse and
xiphisternal joints
Intervertebral joint
Mechanics of respiration
Types of respiration
Microscopic anatomy
Trachea
Lung
23
Embryology
Development of pleura
Development of respiratory system
Development of heart
Development of the chambers,
interatrial and interventricular septa
Development of vascular system
Aortic arch arteries
Superior vena cava and inferior vena
cava
Coronary sinus
Clinical correlates
Brachiocephalic veins
Atrial septal defect
Ventricular septal defect
Fallot's tetralogy
Transposition of great vessels
Dextrocardia
Patent ductus arteriosus
Coarctation of aorta
Foetal circulation and changes at birth
Patent ductus arteriosus
Development of oesophagus
Living Anatomy
Internal thoracic artery
Parietal pleura
Lungs, root of lungs and fissures
Trachea
Heart
Apex beat
Arch of aorta
Oesophagus
Surface projection of valves of heart
Radiology
Plain X-ray chest ? PA view
CT and MRI of Thorax
(6) HEAD AND NECK ? SYLLABUS (135 hours)
Topics
Must know
Desirable to know
Nice to know
Osteology
Anatomical position of skull
Concept of bones which
24
Identification and locations of individual
ossify in membranes and
skull bones in an articulated skull
cartilage
Features seen in Normas frontalis,
verticalis, occipitalis, lateralis and basalis
Frankfort Plane
Cranial cavity- subdivisions, foraminae
and structures passing through them
Parietal, Occipital,
Details of Mandible and Maxilla,
Frontal and Temporal
Features of typical and atypical cervical
bones
vertebrae
Sphenoid,
Scalp
Layers of scalp, Extent/ attachment of
each layer, Surgical importance of each
layer, Blood supply, nerve supply and
lymphatic drainage
Superficial dissection of the face
Muscles of facial expression
- Names of the superficial
Muscle groups acting upon the angle of the
muscles in the face, with their
mouth
actions and nerve supply
- Attachments of the orbicularis oculi,
orbicularis oris and buccinator muscles only
Sensory innervation of the face
Deep dissection of the face
Facial artery: Origin, course and
branches
Facial vein: Formation, course and
tributaries
Facial nerve: Branches in the face
Lymphatic drainage of the face
Surgical importance of the deep facial
vein
Facial palsy
Parotid Region
Parts, borders, surfaces, contents,
Parotitis (mumps)
relations and nerve supply of parotid
Parotid abscess
gland
Plane of dissection and
Course of parotid duct
main complication of
superficial parotidectomy
Frey's Syndrome
The side of the neck
Boundaries and subdivisions of posterior
Erbs palsy
Posterior Triangle
triangle
Klumpke's palsy
Boundaries and contents of the
Injury to accessory nerve
subclavian and occipital triangles
during lymph node
Special emphasis on with nerve supply
biopsies
and actions
Sternocleidomastoid with attachments
inferior belly of omohyoid
and relations, Wry neck
scalenus anterior, scalenus
25
Lymphatic drainage of head and neck
medius, levator scapulae
Dissection of back
Contents of the vertebral canal
Suboccipital triangle:
Boundaries and contents
Position, direction of
fibres, relations, nerve
supply, actions of:
Semispinalis capitis, Splenius
capitis
Cranial Cavity
Cranial fossae: structures related and
Clinical importance of
Pituitary tumours
major foramina and structures passing
dural venous sinuses
through
Pituitary gland
Dural venous sinuses
Orbit
Attachments, nerve supply and actions of Strabissmus
Testing of extraocular
muscles of eyeball
muscles
Nerves and vessels in the orbit
Ciliary ganglion
Horner's Syndrome
Anterior Triangle
Boundaries and subdivisions of the
anterior triangle
Boundaries and contents of the muscular,
carotid, digastric and submental triangles
Temporal and Infratemporal
Extent, boundaries and contents of
Clinical significance of
regions
temporal and infratemporal fossae
pterygoid venous plexus
Attachments, direction of fibres, nerve
Dislocation of
supply and actions of muscles of
temporomandibular joint
mastication
Temporomandibular joint
Submandibular region
Parts, borders, surfaces, relations, nerve
Submandibular stones
supply of submandibular gland
Bidigital palpability of
Course and relations of submandibular
submandibular swellings
duct
Submandibular ganglion
Position, relations and nerve supply of
sublingual gland
Deep structures in the neck
Thyroid gland- location, parts, borders,
Thyroid swellings-
surfaces, relations, blood supply
anatomically relevant
Parathyroid glands- location, blood
clinical features
supply
Awareness of liability of
Trachea, Tracheostomy- structures
injury to external and
encountered
recurrent laryngeal nerves
Subclavian artery- Origin, parts, course,
during thyroidectomy
26
branches
Compression of
Vagus Nerve in the neck- Course and
subclavian artery by
branches
cervical rib
Accessory Nerve- Course and supply
Fascial spaces of neck
Cervical Sympathetic chain-
Thymus
Components, branches, area of supply
Deep cervical fascia- parts, extent,
attachments, modifications
Deep cervical lymph nodes
Mouth, Pharynx, Palate
Subdivisions and contents
Tonsillitis and
Killian's dehiscence
Names, position, actions and nerve
tonsillectomy
supply of muscles of palate and pharynx
Adenoids
Palatine tonsil- Position, relations, blood
Paratonsillar abscess
supply
Waldeyer's lymphatic ring- Components
and their function
Boundaries and clinical significance of
pyriform fossa
Cavity of Nose
Nasal septum
Maxillary sinus tumours
Epistaxis- significance of Little's area
Sinusitis
Lateral wall of nasal cavity
Paranasal sinuses concept of referred
pain
Larynx
Cartilages and ligaments
Laryngitis
Names, nerve supply and actions of
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of larynx
injury
Sensory innervation and blood supply of
larynx
Tongue
Names, nerve supply and actions of
Hypoglossal nerve palsy
extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of tongue
Nerve supply and lymphatic drainage of
tongue
Organs of hearing and equilibrium Parts, boundaries, contents, relations,
Internal ear, Mastoid Antrum,
blood supply and nerve supply of
Otitis externa, Otitis media,
external ear, middle ear and Auditory
McEwan's triangle-Approach
tube
to mastoid antrum,
Myringotomy
Eyeball
Parts and layers of eyeball
Cataract, Glaucoma, Central
retinal artery occlusion,
Intraocular muscles- position,
nerve supply and actions
Prevertebral region and Joints of
Concept of prevertebral muscles
Head and neck
Atlanto-occipital joint
27
Atlantoaxial joint
Microanatomy
Pituitary gland
Olfactory epithelium, Eyelid,
Adult Tooth
Thyroid and Parathyroid gland
Lip, Salivary glands, Cornea,
Tongue
Retina, Sclero-corneal
Tonsil
junction, Optic Nerve, Crista
Epiglottis
ampullaris, Macula, Cochlea-
organ of Corti, Pineal gland
Embryology
Face
Facial clefts, First Arch
Palate
Anomalies, Developmental
Tongue
anomalies of tongue,
Branchial apparatus
Branchial cysts and fistulae,
Pituitary gland
Ectopic thymic, parathyroid or
Thyroid gland
thyroid tissue, Thyroglossal
Eye
cyst, Coloboma iridis
Surface Anatomy
Vertebral levels of: Hyoid bone, Thyroid
Accessory nerve
cartilage, Cricoid cartilage
Surface Projection of Thyroid gland, Parotid
gland and duct, Pterion, Common carotid
artery, Internal jugular vein, Subclavian vein,
External jugular vein, Facial artery
Radiology
Plain X ray skull: AP view, Lateral view
CT and MRI of Head and
Plain X ray cervical spine lateral view
Neck
Plain X ray of paranasal sinuses
Carotid angiogram
(7) THE NERVOUS SYSTEM ? SYLLABUS (75 hours)
Topics
Must know
Desirable to know
Nice to know
Subdivisions
Subdivisions of nervous system into Central
and peripheral nervous system, somatic and
autonomic nervous system
External features
External features of the brain and spinal cord
and its meningeal coverings and blood supply
Spinal cord
a) External and internal features
Upper and lower motor neuron lesions
Laminar concept,
b) Organization of grey matter into nuclei
c) Coverings of spinal cord
d) Ascending and descending tracts and their
functions
28
e) Upper and lower motor neurons
f) Spinal segment and dermatome
g) Blood supply
h) Modifications of piamater
Brainstem
External and interrnal features of
Cerebellum
Gross features and subdivisions of cerebellum. Morphological subdivisions of
Deep nuclei, afferent and efferent connections. cerebellum into archi, paleo and
Cerebellar peduncles
neocerebellum,
Cerebello-pontine angle tumour,
symptoms of cerebellar disease
Thalamus
Structure, nuclei, connections and functions
Hypothalamus
Structure, nuclei, connections and functions
Epithalamus,
Circumventricular
organs
Cerebrum
Gross features (gyri and sulci) of the cerebral
hemisphere ? superolateral, Medial and inferior
surface, and the subdivisions into lobes, and
blood supply.
Functional areas and Brodmann's numerals
(motor, sensory, visual, auditory, speech,
frontal eye field, prefrontal cortex)
Horizontal section of cerebrum
Midsagittal section of cerebrum
White fibres of cerebrum
Association, commissural and projection fibres Anatomical basis of stroke
Components, basic connections and functions)
Basal nuclei
Parkinson's disease, Chorea, Athetosis,
Huntingtons disease
Ventricles of the brain
Features of lateral, third and fourth ventricle.
Subarachnoid cisterns, blood- CSF
Choroid plexus, Circulation of Cerebro-Spinal
barrier.
Fluid (CSF).
Limbic system
Limbic system ?
parts and function
Connections of
limbic system
Reticular formation and ARAS
Reticular formation
and ARAS-General
arrangement, zones,
basic connections
and functions
29
Cranial nerve nuclei
Cranial nerve nuclei - location
Functional columns
Optic and auditory pathways
Optic and auditory pathways
Blood supply of brain and
Blood supply of brain and spinal cord
Clinical importance of blood supply of
spinal cord
brain and spinal cord, Lateral medullary
syndrome, Medial medullary syndrome,
pontine hemorrhage, Weber's syndrome,
posterior circulation stroke, Middle
cerebral artery stroke.
Microanatomy
Transverse sections of spinal cord at cervical,
thoracic, lumbar and sacral levels
Cerebral cortex
Differentiation
Cerebellar cortex
between motor and
Nerve endings
Neuromuscular junction- Motor end plate sensory cortex
Transverse sections of Medulla oblongata at
levels of motor decussation, sensory
Muscle spindle
decussation and mid-olivary level
Transverse section of Pons at upper and lower
pons,
Transverse section of Midbrain at superior and
inferior colluculi
Embryology
Formation and histogenesis of the developing
Developmental anomalies:
Development of
neural tube
hydrocephalus, anencephaly, spina bifida, functional columns
Derivatives, curvatures and cavities of
meningocoele, meningomyelocoele,
Prosencephalon, Mesencephalon and
Rhombencephalon
Neural crest derivatives
Hypophysis cerebri
(8) GENERAL EMBRYOLOGY ? SYLLABUS ( 8 hours)
Topics
Must know
Desirable to know
Nice to know
Introduction
Terms used in embryology
Stages of development
Mitosis and Meiosis and
Primordial germ cells
Concept of Chromosomal abnormalities ?
30
numerical / structural
Gene mutation
Gametogenesis
Oogenesis
Spermatogenesis
Uterine and ovarian cycles
Uterine and ovarian cycles
Ovulation
Fertilization and Blastocyst
Definition, Phases of fertilization, Results of Assisted reproductive
fertilization, Contraceptive methods- barrier
technology ? IVF, GIFT,
techniques, contraceptive pills, IUD,
ZIFT, ICSI
vasectomy and tubectomy, Infertility
Embryonic and adult stem cells
Bilaminar germ disc
?
Implantation
? Abnormal implantation
Trilaminar germ disc
? Gastrulation
Embryonic period
Definition, Neurulation ? neural pores and
External appearance during
the time of closure, Derivatives of each of
2nd month
the 3 germ layers, Somites
Induction and organogenesis
Foetal membranes and Placenta
Structure, Placental circulation, Function,
Erythroblastosis fetalis and fetal
Placental barrier
hydrops
Amnion and umbilical cord
Structure and function
Amniotic fluid- hydramnios
Umbilical cord anomalies,
and oligohydramnios
Amniotic bands
Birth defects
Types of abnormalities ? malformation,
disruption, deformation, syndrome,
Teratogens
Prenatal diagnosis
Ultrasonography, Maternal serum screening,
Amniocentesis, Chorionic villus sampling
Twinning
Monozygotic and dizygotic twins, Conjoint
twins
(9) GENETICS - SYLLABUS (5 hours)
Topic
Must Know
Desirable to know
Nice to know
31
Chromosomes
Structure of chromosomes
Classification of chromosomes
based on position of centromere
Karyotyping
Technique of preparing a Karyotype
Fluorescent in situ
Types of banding
hybridisation (FISH)
Clinical applications of karyotyping
Reading of karyotypes for normal
male, female, Trisomies, Turner
syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome
Sex Chromatin
Barr bodies and their clinical
significance
Lyon hypothesis
Patterns of Inheritance and
Mendelian laws of inheritance, Common
Clinical features of the
pedigree charts
symbols used in construction of pedigree
examples described:
charts, Understand the characteristics of the
Achondroplasia, Cystic
types of single gene inheritance, Examples of Fibrosis, Vitamin D resistant
diseases of each mode of inheritance,
rickets, Hemophilia,
Interpret pedigree charts for the various
Duchene's muscular
modes of inheritance, Multifactorial
dystrophy, Sickle cell
inheritance with examples
anaemia
Chromosomal Aberrations
Causes of chromosomal aberrations
Clinical features of other
Structural aberrations- types and examples
examples of chromosomal
Numerical aberrations- types, examples and
aberrations: Prader Willi
clinical features
syndrome, Edward
True and pseudohermaphroditism
syndrome, Patau syndrome
Mosaics and chimeras
Prenatal Diagnosis
Methods of prenatal
diagnosis- indications,
complications
Screening maternal blood for
diagnosis of neural tube
defects and Down syndrome
Ultrasound
Fetal echocardiography
Amniocentesis
Chorionic villus sampling
Umbilical blood sampling
Genetic counseling and
ethical issues in prenatal
diagnosis
32
6.REFERENCES FOR LEARNING (BOOKS)
Gross Anatomy
1. Cunningham's Manual of Practical Anatomy Volumes 1, 2 and 3 15th edition by GJ Romanes
2. Gray's Anatomy 41st Edition 2016 Standring S
3. Clinical Oriented Anatomy 7th edition by Moore KL, Agur AMR and Dalley AF
4. Essentials of Human Anatomy Vols 1, 2 and 3 by AK Datta
5. A Textbook of Human Anatomy, 2000 by T.S. Ranganathan
Neuroanatomy
1. Clinical Neuroanatomy 7th edition 2009 by Richard S. Snell
2. Essentials of Human Anatomy Neuroanatomy 4th edition 2012 by AK Datta
3. Textbook of Clinical Neuroanatomy 2nd edition Vishram Singh
4. Illustrated Textbook of Neuroanatomy 12th edition by GP Pal
Histology
1. Inderbir Singh's Textbook of Human Histology with Colour Atlas and Practical Guide 7th edition, 2014 by Vasudeva Neelam
2. Wheater's Functional Histology: A Text and Colour Atlas, 6th Edition by Barbara Young, Geraldine O'Dowd, Phillip Woodford
3. Textbook of Histology 2008 by GP Pal
Embryology
1. Langman's Medical Embryology13th edition by T.W. Sadler,
2. Larsen's Human Embryology 5th Edition 2014 by Schoenwolf, Bleyl, Brauer and Francis-West
33
3. The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology 9th edition, 2012 by Keith L. Moore
4. Human Embryology 10th edition by IB Singh,
5. Essentials of Human Embryology 6th edition by AK Datta
Genetics
1. Human Genetics 3rd edition 2012 by Gangane SD
34
7.THEORY EXAMINATION
Total Marks per paper = 50 Marks
3 hours duration and 50 marks each for Paper1 and Paper 2
Paper 1: General Anatomy, General Histology, General Embryology, and Genetics Gross Anatomy of Upper Limb, Lower Limb, Abdomen, Pelvis
and Perineum and special histology and special embryology relevant to these regions;
Paper 2: Gross Anatomy of Thorax, Head, Neck, Brain and Spinal Cord and special histology and special embryology relevant to these regions;
Paper 1 and Paper 2:
1 . Essay
1 x 10 Marks
= 10 marks
2. Brief Answers
5 x 4 Marks
= 20 marks
3. Short Answers 10 x 2 Marks
= 20 marks
--------------
Total
50 Marks
--------------
Histology and Embryology may be included in theory as a part of the essay, short notes and short answers
Marks will be allotted for relevant diagrams which may be part of the essay, short notes and short answers.
8.PRACTICAL EXAMINATION
List of Specimens for Gross Anatomy Practical
Upper Limb
6. Back of forearm
1. Axilla
7. Hand
2. Scapular region
8. Shoulder joint
3. Front of arm
9. Elbow joint
4. Back of arm
10. Wrist joint
5. Front of forearm
35
Lower Limb
4. Heart- chambers
1. Femoral triangle
5. Heart ? blood supply
2. Gluteal region
6. Lungs
3. Front of thigh
7. Posterior mediastinum
4. Posterior and adductor compartment of thigh
8. Pericardium
5. Anterior and lateral compartments of leg
6. Back of leg
Head and Neck
7. Sole of foot
1. Scalp
8. Dorsum of foot
2. Face and parotid region
9. Knee joint
3. Posterior triangle
10 Ankle joint
4. Cranial cavity
5. Orbit
Abdomen, Pelvis and Perineum
6. Anterior triangle
1. Anterior abdominal wall
7. Temporal and infratemporal regions
2. Posterior abdominal wall
8. Deep structures of the neck
3. Male external genitalia
9. Mouth, pharynx and palate
4. Inguinal canal
10. Larynx
5. Liver and extrahepatic biliary apparatus
11. Nasal cavity
6. Stomach
12. Dural venous sinuses
7. Duodenum and pancreas
8. Small intestine and large intestine
Nervous system
9. Blood vessels of abdomen and pelvis
1. External surfaces of the cerebral hemisphere
10. Diaphragm
2. Base of the brain
11. Female reproductive system
3. White fibres of the cerebrum
4. Ventricles of the brain
Thorax
5. Coronal section of the cerebrum
1. Thoracic cage
6. Horizontal section of the cerebrum
2. Superior mediastinum
7. Cerebellum
3. Heart- external features
8. Brain stem
36
List of Slides for Histology Practical *=Nice to Know
Part 1
9. Nerve - CS
General Histology
1. Hyaline cartilage
10. Spinal ganglion
2. Elastic cartilage
11. Sympethic ganglion
3. White cartilage
12. Elastic artery
4. Bone T.S.
13. Muscular artery
5. Bone L.S.
14. Large Veins
6. Skeletal muscle
15. Medium sized veins
7. Smooth muscle
16. Lymph node
8. Cardiac muscle
17. Skin- Hairy and Non-hairy
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Systemic Histology
1. Cardio-oesophageal junction
10. Liver
2. Oesophagus
11. Pancreas
3. Stomach-Fundus
12. Gall Bladder
4. Stomach-Pylous
13. Spleen
5. Duodenum
14. Kidney
6. Jejunum
15. Urinary Gladder
7. Ileum
16. Suprarenal gland
8. Appendix
17. Penis
9. Colon
18. Testis
37
19. Epididymis
25. Uterine Tubes
20. Vas deferens
26. Vagina
21. Seminal Vesicle
27. Cervix
22. Prostate
28. Placenta
23. Ovary
29. Umbilical Card
24. Uterus
30. Mammary gland
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Part 2
1. Tongue-(Papillae * identification Nice to Know)
12. Thyroid & Parathyroid
2. Salivary Gland ?serous
13. Pituitary Gland
3. Salivary Gland ?Mucous
14. Trachea
4. Salivary Gland ?Mixed
15. Thymus
5. Tonsil
16. Lung
6. Tooth*
17. Spinal Cord ? Cervical
7. Olfactory Epithelium*
18. Spinal Cord ? Thoracic
8. Cornea
19. Spinal Cord - Lumbar
9. Retina
20. Spinal Cord - Sacral
10. Sclero-Corneal Junction*
21. Medulla Oblongata - Pyramidal decussation level
11. Cochlea*
22. Medulla Oblongata -Sensory decussation level
38
23. Medulla Oblongata -Inferior Olivary Nuclear level
28. Pineal Gland
24. Pons ? Upper
29. Cerebrum
25. Pons - Lower
30. Cerebellum
26. Midbrain ? Superior colliculus
27. Midbrain ? Inferior colliculus
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Practical Examination
Anatomy:
Practical examination pattern modified as follows.
Spotters
Gross anatomy
---12 x1= 12 marks
Histology
---12x1= 12 marks
Discussion
Gross anatomy-
--2 x 3 = 6 marks
Histology
--2 x 3 = 6 marks
OSPE- *
--2 x 2 = 4 marks
-----------------------
Total
40 marks
----------------------
SPOTTERS
Gross anatomy-
Upperlimb
- 2
Lowerlimb
- 2
Abdomen
- 2
Pelvis
-1
Thorax
-2
39
Head and neck -2
Brain
-1
Histology
General
? 3
Paper 1
---5
Paper -2
---4
Discussion
Gross anatomy
Paper -1
----1 specimen
Paper ?2-
----1 specimen
Histology
General ----1 slide
Systemic ---1 slide.
OSPE* - Two procedural skills stations with a:
(i) Specific Instruction (such as "describe aloud and mark with chalk on the surface of the cadaver the following structure......, and keep the surface
of the cadaver ready for the next student") and a
(ii) Checklist with the details of the steps used to practice surface marking and marks allotted such as:
a) Accuracy of the points marked - 0.5 marks
b) Method used to join the points
- 0.5 marks
c) Description of the steps followed - 0.5 marks
d) Adequate cleaning of the surface - 0.5 marks
VIVA
Osteology ?
5marks
Embryology- 5marks
Radiology- 5 marks
Surface anatomy- 5marks.
This will be implemented from August 2017 examination session onwards.
(For Clinical Anatomy and Genetics charts - the anatomical relevance to common clinical conditions should be asked. The number of charts to be
made available should be at least 70:
40
Paper I
-
30 charts
Paper II
-
30 charts
Genetics
-
10 charts
The clinical anatomy charts should include relevant Gross Anatomy, Embryology and Radiology
41
List of Surface Markings learnt
o Brachial pulsations
Upper limb:
Student must be able to demonstrate
o Radial pulsations
? Relevant bony and soft surface landmarks
o Ulnar pulsations
? Arteries:
o Ulnar nerve
o Axillary
o Anatomical snuff box/ scaphoid
o Brachial
? Locate the common sites for venipuncture in the upper limb:
o Radial
o Median cubital vein
o Ulnar
o Cephalic vein at the wrist
o Superficial palmar arch
o Dorsal venous network
o Deep palmar arch
Lower limb:
? Nerves:
Student must be able to demonstrate
? Relevant bony and soft surface landmarks
o Median
? Arteries:
o Ulnar
o Femoral
o Radial
o Popliteal
o Axillary
o Anterior tibial
? Others:
o Posterior tibial
o Flexor retinaculum
o Dorsalis pedis
o Extensor retinaculum
? Veins:
? Surface landmarks to palpate the following on the surface:
o Great saphenous
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o Femoral
o Trachea
? Nerves:
? Events occurring at sternal angle
o Femoral
? Organs:
o Sciatic
o Heart borders and valves
o Common peroneal
o Lung borders and fissures
? Others:
o Pleura
o Inguinal ligament
? Surface landmarks to locate the following on the surface:
o Saphenous opening
o Apex beat
o Bryant's triangle
o Auscultatory areas for the heart valves
? Surface landmarks to palpate the following on the surface:
Abdomen:
Students must be able to demonstrate:
o Femoral pulse
? Relevant bony and soft surface landmarks
o Popliteal pulse
? Abdominal planes, abdominal regions and organs located in
o Posterior tibial pulse
each region
o Dorsalis pedis pulse
? Surface projection of the following organs:
Thorax:
o Stomach
Student must be able to demonstrate
? Relevant bony and soft surface landmarks
o Liver
? Superior Mediastinum:
o Spleen
o Right and left brachiocephalic veins
o Fundus of Gall bladder
o Superior Vena Cava
o Base of the appendix
o Arch of aorta
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o Morrison's parallelogram for posterior marking of the
o Facial artery
kidneys
o Common, internal and external carotid arteries
? Blood vessels: Abdominal aorta and Inferior Vena Cava
o Internal and external jugular veins
? Others:
o Subclavian artery and vein
o Superficial and deep inguinal rings
? Nerves:
o Mc Burney's point
o Spinal accessory nerve
o Vertebral levels of main events occurring in the
abdomen
o Vagus
o Events occurring at the transpyloric plane
? Others:
o Root of mesentery
o Vertebral levels of surface landmarks in the neck
Head and neck:
o Pterion
Students must be able to demonstrate:
? Relevant bony and soft surface landmarks
o Mastoid antrum
? Surface landmarks to palpate the following on the surface:
? Glands:
o Parotid gland and duct
o Frontal air sinus
o Submandibular gland
o Maxillary air Sinus
o Thyroid gland
o Carotid pulsation
? Arteries:
o Superficial temporal pulsation
o Subclavian pulsation
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10.FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT
- Quarterly (marks need to be submitted three times to the university)
Students should be given feedback on their performance after each of the following eight units.
1) General Anatomy and Upper Limb
2) Lower Limb
3) General Histology and General Embryology
4) Thorax
5) Abdomen
6) Head and Neck,
7) Brain and
8) Genetics
11.INTERNAL ASSESSMENT TEST -
UNIT WISE
Each student should be shown as having a mark for each of the eight units mentioned above. These marks should be grouped together and sent to the
university on three occasions in one academic year. Based on all these marks the total internal assessment will be finally calculated as Theory and
Practical marks which will be the average of the 8 Internal Assessment unit tests:
Theory
20 marks
Practical
15 marks
Records 2.5 x 2 = 5 marks
----------------
TOTAL
40marks
-Gross Anatomy Record and Histology Record
-Record books with pre-drawn sketches should not be used
12.MEDICAL ETHICS -
1) Respect of the cadaver
2) Privacy and confidentiality
3) Cultural sensitivity
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4) Consent
5) Autonomy
6) Source of cadavers
7) Eugenics
8) Genetic counselling
13.INTEGRATED TEACHING
1) Vertical Integration- with the help of clinicians and hospital visits wherever possible
2) Horizontal Integration- may be considered for topics such as peptic ulcer, diseases of liver and biliary tract, diseases of the kidney, diseases of
the central nervous system, myocardial infarction
Clinical Integration for Upper Limb
Topic
Clinical Speciality
Brachial plexus and peripheral nerve injuries
Orthopaedics
Peripheral Pulsations
General surgery/Medicine
Concept of Common fractures and dislocations
Orthopaedics
Concept of growing end of the upper limb bones
Orthopaedics
Surgical approaches for orthopaedic surgery
Orthopaedics
Breast
General surgery
Clinical Integration for Lower Limb
Topic
Clinical Speciality
Nerve injuries
Orthopaedics & Medicine or Neurology
Varicose veins
General surgery
Elephantiasis
General surgery
Peripheral pulsations in relation to living anatomy
General surgery
Demonstration of pulses
Surgical anatomy of joints of the lower limb
Orthopaedics
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Clinical Integration for Abdomen Pelvis and Perineum
Topic
Clinical Speciality
Appearance of abdominal viscera in USG, CT and MRI
Radiology
Inguinal region
General Surgery
Contraception in the male and female
Community medicine/OG
Congenital malformations
Paediatric surgery/paediatrics
Portal hypertension
General Surgery/Gastroenterology
Peptic ulcer
General Surgery/Gastroenterology
Assisted reproduction
Obstetrics and Gynecology
Clinical Integration for Thorax
Topic
Clinical Speciality
Superior mediastinum ?thoracic inlet syndrome, scalenus anterior syndrome
General surgery
Pleural effusion, Pneumothorax, Pleural tapping
Medicine / Respiratory Medicine
Pericardial pain, referred pain from heart
Medicine
Tracheo-oesophageal fistula
Paediatric surgery
Appearance of thorax in CT and MRI
Radiology
Clinical Integration for Head and Neck
Topic
Clinical Speciality
Facial nerve palsy
General Medicine
Cataract, Glaucoma, Eyelid infections
Ophthalmology
Surgical anatomy of ENT
ENT
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Clinical Integration for Nervous System
Topic
Clinical Speciality
Upper and Lower motor neuron
General Medicine
Hemiplegia
General Medicine
Cerebellar lesions
General Medicine
Appearance of the brain in CT and MRI
Radiology
Clinical Integration for Genetics
Topic
Clinical Speciality
Prenatal diagnosis
OG
14.RECORDS
Gross Anatomy Record and Histology Record
Records with Pre-drawn sketches should not be used.
List of Gross Anatomy diagrams.
Upper Limb
Lower Limb
Typical spinal nerve
Femoral sheath
Lymphatic Drainage of breast
Adductor canal
Brachial Plexus
Cutaneous innervation of the dorsum of foot
Axillary Artery
Superior surface of the tibia
Anastomosis around the scapula
Anastomosis around the knee
Dermatomes of the upper limb
Anastomosis around the Elbow
Flexor Retinaculum of Wrist
Fascial Spaces of Palm
Extensor Retinaculum of wrist
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Thorax
Abdomen
Subdivisions of mediastinum
Regions of abdomen
T.S. of thorax at T3 level
Superficial veins of anterior abdominal wall
T.S. of thorax at T4 level
Lymphatic drainage of skin of abdominal wall
Arterial supply of heart
Rectus sheath
Venous drainage of heart
Lesser sac
Medial surface of lungs
Blood supply, Nerves supply of stomach
Bronchi and bronchopulmonary segments
Lymphatic drainage of stomach
Thoracolumbar fascia
Anterior & posterior relations of kidney
Portosystemic anastomosis
Peritoneal reflection in male
Peritoneal reflection in female
Head and Neck
CNS
Layers of the scalp
Internal structure of spinal cord showing
Vessels & nerves of the scalp
position of tracts
Muscles of facial expression
Interpeduncular fossa and attachment of
Cutaneous innervation of head and neck
cranial nerves to the anterior surface
Posterior triangle
of the brain stem
Cavernous sinus
Arteries on the base of the brain
Superior orbital fissure and common
Floor of fourth ventricle
tendinous ring
Functional areas of cerebrum
Ciliary ganglion and its connections
Blood supply of cerebrum
Carotid triangle - boundaries
Carotid arteries and nerves in the neck
Structures related to hyoglossus
Nasal septum
Arteries & nerves of nasal cavity
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List of Histology slides to drawn by I MBBS students
General Histology
Epithelial Tissue
Blood vessels
- Simple squamous epithelium
- Elastic artery
- Simple cuboidal epithelium
- Medium sized artery and vein
- Simple columnar epithelium
- Large vein
- Pseudostratified cil. columnar epithelium Glands
- Stratified squamous epithelium
- Unicellular gland (Goblet cell)
- Transitional epithelium
- Simple tubular gland
Connective Tissue
- Serous gland
- Areolar tissue
- Mucous gland
- Adipose tissue
- Mixed gland
- Tendon L.S
-Sebaceous and sweat gland
Cartilage
-Mammary gland
- Hyaline cartilage
Lymphoid Tissue
- Elastic cartilage
- Lymph node
- Fibro cartilage
- Spleen
Bone
- Thymus
- Compact bone L.S.
- Tonsil
- Compact bone C.S.
Nervous Tissue
- Spongy bone
- Nerve C.S
- Developing bone
- Nerve L.S (Osmicatted )
Muscle
- Spinal ganglion
-Skeletal muscle L.S.
- Sympathetic ganglion
-Skeletal muscle C.S.
Integumentary System
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- Smooth muscle
- Hairy skin
- Cardiac muscle
- Nonhairy skin
- Nail
Special Histology
Gastrointestinal system
- Cornea
- Oesophagus
- Iridio-corneal junction
- Cardio-oesophageal junction
- Retina
- Stomach - fundus
- Optic nerve
- Stomach - pylorus
- Macula
- Duodenum
- Crista
- Jejunum
- Organ of Corti
- Ileum
- Pituitary gland
- Large intestine
- Pineal gland
- Appendix
- Thyroid gland
- Liver
- Parathyroid gland
- Gall bladder
- Tongue ? fungiform and filiform papillae
- Pancreas
- Tongue ? circumvallate papilla
Genitourinary system
- Epiglottis
- Kidney
- Olfactory epithelium
- Ureter
CNS
- Urinary bladder
Nerve Endings
-Adrenal gland
- Motor end plate
-Testis
- Muscle spindle
-Epididymis
- Meissner's corpuscle and Pacinian corpuscle
-Vas deferens
-Seminal vesicle
-Spinal cord - cervical
-Prostate
-Spinal cord - Thoracic
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-Ovary
-Spinal cord - Lumbar
-Fallopian tube
-Spinal cord - Sacral
-Uterus
- Medulla - Motor Decussation
-Cervix
- Medulla - Sensory Decussation
-Placenta
- Medulla - Mid Olivary Level
-Umbilical cord
-Pons ? lower pons
Respiratory System
- Pons - upper Pons
-Trachea
- Midbrain ? inferior colliculus
- Lung
- Midbrain - Superior Colliculus
Head & Neck
- Cerebrum ? Typical Cortex
- Eyelid
- Cerebellum
- Lip
- Adult tooth
- Developing tooth ?Bell stage
Record should be followed as recommended by the University.
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This post was last modified on 02 July 2021