Download MGR (The Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University) MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery) 2nd Year Microbiology Syllabus
A
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II. M.B.B.S. MICROBIOLOGY PRESCRIBED TEACHING HOURS - 250 Hrs.
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GOAL :
The broad goal of the teaching of undergraduate students in Microbiology is to provide
an understanding of the natural history of infectious diseases in order to deal with the
etiology, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, treatment, control and prevention of
infections in the community, immune system in health and disease.
OBJECTIVES:
A) Knowledge
At the end of the course, the student will be able to acquire knowledge in the following:
1) Morphology, classification of bacteria and the virulence mechanisms.
2) The principles and practice of sterilization and disinfection in health care
settings
3) The various mechanisms of transfer of genes between bacteria and the ge-
netic
mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance.
4) Normal flora of the human body and describe the host parasite relationship
5) List the pathogenic microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungi and
describe the Pathogenesis of the disease produced by them with emphasis
on
diseases of clinical and public health importance
6)
Epidemiology and transmission of zoonoses, arthropod borne diseases
and
opportunistic infections
The T.N. Dr. M.G.R. Medical University II MBBS Microbiology Syllabus
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7) Basic immunology- Innate immunity, Structure and functions of cells and
organs
of immune system, antigen & antibody reactions, complement, antigen
presentation and cell mediated immunity.
Clinical immunological aspects - like hypersensitivity reactions, autoimmune
disorders, immunodeficiency diseases, immunity in infections, principles of
vaccination tumor and transplantation immunology.
8) Principles of laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases; estimation of diag-
nostic accuracy of lab tests -sensitivity, specificity and predictive values
9) Antimicrobial agents for treatment of infections and antimicrobial steward-
ship.
10)Water and Food borne diseases; epidemiology and demonstration of water
analysis
11) Health care associated infections and principles of infection control including
standard work precautions & biomedical waste management.
12) Principles of infectious diseases surveillance: Investigation of outbreaks in-
cluding collection of samples and control measures.
B) SKILLS: The following are the skills expected to be acquired by the students at the
end of course:
1) Operate the light compound microscope.
2) Common laboratory techniques (as given below) for the direct demonstration
of microorganisms from clinical materials and interpret their findings.
(a) Saline and iodine wet mount preparations (stool) for the demonstration
of trophozoites, Ova or cysts
(b) Collection of blood by finger prick, preparation of smear and Giemsa/JSB
staining and examination for malarial parasites and microfilariae.
(c) Preparation of a smear and performance of Gram stain and interpretation
?
The T.N. Dr. M.G.R. Medical University II MBBS Microbiology Syllabus
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body fluids, urine, sputum and pus specimens,
(d) Preparation of a smear and performance of Ziehl ? Neelsen stain with
biosafety
precautions for the demonstration of acid fast bacilli from sputum and
reading with bacterial index.
3) Identification of the common microorganisms isolated from clinical speci-
mens by colony appearance and biochemical tests genus/species level.
Interpretation of the results of antimicrobial testing for the diagnosis of com-
mon infectious diseases.
4) Identification of some common fungi based on colony morphology and Lac-
tophenol cotton blue microscopy ; KOH wet mount preparation
5) Reading and interpretation of serological tests -Widal, rapid plasma Reagin, ,
HIV/HBV ELISA /Rapid tests, latex agglutination tests-rheumatoid factor and
ASO.
6) Blood collection through venipuncture with aseptic precautions while perform-
ing
Blood culture
7) Collection of clinical samples :pus through syringe (aspirate) or swab ;clean
catch midstream urine sample ;sputum with minimal contamination by saliva
8) Hand hygiene and standard work precautions.
The T.N. Dr. M.G.R. Medical University II MBBS Microbiology Syllabus
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The T.N. Dr. M.G.R. Medical University II MBBS Microbiology Syllabus
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Integrated seminars/lectures
C) INTEGRATION:
The following are some of the topics for integrated lecture/seminar
Sl.N
Name of the topic
Integra on
o
Horizontal
Ver cal
1.
Tuberculosis
Microbiology, Pathology, Social
Anatomy, General medicine,
and preven ve medicine,
Pulmonology, Pediatrics,
Pharmacology
2
malaria
Microbiology, Pathology, Social
General medicine, Pediatrics
and preven ve medicine,
Pharmacology
3.
HIV/AIDS
Microbiology, Social preven ve
Dermatology & STD, General
medicine
medicine, pediatrics,
4
Dengue
Microbiology, Social and
General medicine, pediatrics,
preven ve medicine,
Pharmacology
5
Sexually
Microbiology, Social preven ve
Dermatology & STD, General
transmi ed
medicine
medicine,
infec ons
6
Respiratory tract
Microbiology, Pathology,
Anatomy, Physiology, General
infec ons
Pharmacology
medicine, pediatrics, Pulmonology
7
CNS infec ons
Microbiology, Pathology,
Anatomy, General medicine,
Pharmacology
Pediatrics, Neurology
8
Gastrointes nal
Microbiology, Social preven ve
General medicine, Pediatrics,
tract infec ons-
medicine
acute diarrheal
disease & Food
poisoning
9
Urinary tract
Microbiology
Anatomy, Physiology, General
infec ons
medicine, Pediatrics, Urology,
Nephrology, Obstetrics and
The T.N. Dr. M.G.R. Medical University II MBBS Microbiology Syllabus
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Integrated seminars/lectures
gynecology
10
Wound infec ons
Microbiology
Surgery, Obstetrics and
& surgical site
gynecology, Orthopedics, Plas c
infec ons
Surgery
11
An microbial use
Microbiology
General medicine, Pediatrics,
& stewardship
Surgery, Obstetrics & gynecology
12
Steriliza on &
Microbiology
Anesthesiology, surgery, CSSD,
Disinfec on
13
Healthcare
Microbiology, Social preven ve
General medicine, Pediatrics,
associated
medicine
Surgery, Obstetrics and
Infec ons &
gynecology
infec on control
The T.N. Dr. M.G.R. Medical University II MBBS Microbiology curriculum & Syllabus
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GENERAL BACTERIOLOGY
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Introduc on &
Role of Microbiology in infec ous diseases
Edward Jenner, Ronald Ross,
Kary Mullis and PCR
History
History of vaccina on, steriliza on, an sep c
Armaeur Hansen, Frank Burnet
Enders at all,
surgery, virology and immunology
Karl Landsteiner
Scien sts: Louis Pasteur, Robert Koch, Antony von
History of vaccina on,
Leeuwenhoek, Alexander Fleming, lie Metchnikoff,
steriliza on, tuberculosis
Joseph Lister, Paul Ehrlich, Ernst Ruska
2
Microscopy
Types of microscope: Simple, Compound- Bright -
Interference microscope,
field & Dark Field, Fluorescent Microscope,
Confocal Scanning Laser
Dissec ng (Stereo) microscope
Microscope,
3
Staining
Gram, AFB (Ziehl Neelsen), Giemsa, JSB, Nega ve
AFB (M. leprae), Modified AFB
Flagellar Stain
Methods
staining (India ink), KOH wet mount , Alberts
for Nocardia & cryptosporidium,
Fontana Silver
Staining, Lacto-phenol co on blue, Iodine mount,
AFB -fluorochrome, Ponder,
Impregna on, Calcofluor
Trichrome, Neissers,
4
Morphology of
Structure and Func ons: Cell wall, Capsule, Flagella,
Slime layer, Cytoplasmic
Nucleus, Ribosomes
Bacteria
Fimbriae, Spores
Membrane
Desmosomes, Molecular
Classifica on of
Phylogene c Classifica on, Intra species
Numerical Taxonomy
classifica on
bacteria
Classifica on, Bacterial Nomenclature
5
Nutri on and
Nutri on, respira on (anaerobic &aerobic) and
Bacterial Counts,
Bacteriocins,
growth of
growth of bacteria, growth curve, factors influencing
Biofilms
Con nuous Culture
Bacteria
growth; Fermenta on-Glucose, formic acid, butane
diol
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Culture Media
Solid: Nutrient, Blood, chocolate, MacConkey,
Liquid media for M. TB,
Chromogenic media
& Cul va on
Mueller Hinton, CLED, XLD, TCBS, LJ, Sabourauds,
Potassium Tellurite agar, BACTEC
methods
Dextrose, Cary Blair, Amie's, Stuart, Thayer
&MGIT- AFB culture using liquid
Mar n,Liquid: peptone water, nutrient broth, brain
The T.N. Dr. M.G.R. Medical University II MBBS Microbiology curriculum & Syllabus
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GENERAL BACTERIOLOGY
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heart infusion, Tryptone soya broth, Alkaline
media
peptone, Selenite Culture methods Aerobic, AFB
culture (solid),Anaerobic : Robertson cooked meat
and Thioglycollate , Air evacua on system, Gaspack
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Iden fica on of
Cultural Characteris cs: Colony morphology,
All sugars fermenta on and
Animal Pathogenicity,
bacteria
fermenta on of lactose, Hemolysis, CAMP test,
Lysine ornithine arginine
Sero Typing of Bacterial
Biochemical Reac ons: Indole , Citrate u liza on,
metabolism
Strains
urease, triple sugar iron agar, VP-MR, slide and tube
Sero grouping
Molecular Methods
coagulase, catalase, oxidase, bacitracin and
Rapid ID Methods (Automated)
optochin sensi vity, bile solubility, X-V Factor test
8
Steriliza on &
Defini on
ETO, Plasma Steriliza on,
Tes ng of Disinfectants
Disinfec on
Bacterial death pa ern, thermal death me and
Central Sterile Supply
point, Decidual reduc on me.
Department (CSSD)
Methods of Steriliza on,
High level disinfectants-Per
Moist Heat Steriliza on-Autoclave in detail
ace c acid, Hydrogen peroxide
Disinfec on-High, Intermediate and Low level
Disinfec on of cri cal and semi
Chemical disinfectants-phenol, chlorine, Iodine.
cri cal instruments
glutaraldehyde, formaldehyde
Disinfec on of endoscopes
Steriliza on monitoring & Steriliza on Controls
9
Bacterial
Methods of Gene Transfer, Plasmids, transposons,
DNA Methods-Plasmid finger
Gene sequencing
Gene cs
Muta ons,
prin ng, RFLP, Pulse field Gel
Gene Microarray
Gene c basis of mechanisms of drug resistance
Electrophoresis, DNA
Gene c Engineering-cloning &recombinant DNA
hybridiza on, Ribotyping,
technology.
Polymerase chain reac on (PCR)
The T.N. Dr. M.G.R. Medical University II MBBS Microbiology curriculum & Syllabus
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GENERAL BACTERIOLOGY
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An microbials
Defini ons: an microbial, an bio c, MIC,
MIC determina on
Molecular method of
&
synergism, antagonism
Mul drug resistance in
detec on of
Chemotherapy
Classifica on: chemical, mechanism of ac on &
Tuberculosis
an microbial resistance
an microbial spectrum
An microbial suscep bility Tes ng-Disc diffusion
Mechanisms of drug resistance- lactamase
produc on, Methicillin Resistance in S. aureus;
vancomycin resistant enterococci, combina on of
an microbials ,An microbial stewardship
11
Normal flora
Introduc on - various sites, types role of normal
An microbials on normal flora
flora in preven on of infec ons & in drug resistance,
13
Microbial
Commensal, pathogenic and opportunis c
Mechanisms of ac on of
pathogenicity
organisms. Virulence determinants: capsule,
Exotoxins
fimbriae, exotoxins, enzymes, intracellular
parasi sm, an genic varia on & extrinsic factors
Types of infec on: primary, secondary, general,
local, natural, nosocomial, iatrogenic, zoono c.
The T.N. Dr. M.G.R. Medical University II MBBS Microbiology curriculum & Syllabus
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IMMUNOLOGY
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Immunity
Defini on of immunity, types of immunity, innate
Pathogen associated molecular
Cytokines involved in
immunity, acquired immunity
pa erns, Pathogen Recogni on
innate immunity
Components of innate immunity
Receptors (PRR), Toll like
Interferons
ac ve and passive immunity and local immunity.
receptors,
Opsoniza on and phagocytosis
Natural killer cells
2
An gen
Defini on: An gen, Hapten, immunogen types,
Various routes of administra on
Recombinant DNA
an gen determinants, proper es of an gen.
of an gens
derived protein and
Methods of prepara on of
Synthe c pep des as
an gens
an gens for diagnos c
tests and vaccina on
3
An body
Defini on, structure of immunoglobulins,
Hypo gamma globulinaemia
Ig Class switching
immunoglobulin isotypes, immunoglobulin classes,
Immuno gene cs and an body
Quan ta on of
idiotypic an bodies physical and biological
diversity
immunoglobulins
proper es of immunoglobulins.,
Immunoglobulin therapy
Humanized monoclonal
Func ons of an bodies in immune response
Monoclonal an body
an body therapy
Detec on of IgM and IgG class an bodies in the
Hybridoma technology
diagnosis of infec ous diseases
4
An gen &
Forces binding An gen and an body
Western Blot
Immune Electron
An body
Epitope and paratopes
Radial Immuno diffusion,
Microscopy Chemi-
Reac on
Affinity and Avidity, Immune complex
Immuno -electrophoresis
luminescence
5
Complement
Complement Pathways
Complement Deficiency
Quan ta on of
system
Func ons of complement
Diseases
Complements
Regula on of complement pathway
The T.N. Dr. M.G.R. Medical University II MBBS Microbiology curriculum & Syllabus
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Structure and
Primary & Secondary Lymphoid OrgansB
MALT (Mucosal Associated
------
Func ons of
Lymphocytes-Ac va on and an body produc onT
Lymphoid Tissues), Dendri c
the Immune
Lymhocytes-CD4+(Helper) and CD8+cytotoxic
Cells, Mast CellsHLA Typing and
system
cellsNK cells, Monocytes & MacrophagesAn gen
Applica ons
Presen ng Cell & Major Histo compa bility Complex
(MHC)-an gen Processing
7
Hypersensi vit
Defini on & Types of Hypersensi vity ? I, II, III, IV
Desensi za on in anaphylaxis
Detec on of immune
y Reac on
Immediate Vs Delayed, IgE and IgE receptors,
type V reac on
complexes
8
Auto Immunity
Mechanisms of tolerance
Rheuma c Fever
Hashimato's thyroidi s
Role of Thymus in tolerance
Rheumatoid arthri s
Grave's disease
Mechanisms of ac va on autoreac ve T cells
Systemic Lupus erythematosus,
Thrombocytopenic
Classifica on & Pathogenesis of Auto immune
Type-1 diabetes mellitus
purpura, Management of
diseases
Autoimmune disorders
9
Transplanta on
Types of Gra s,
MHC matching (HLA Typing)
Kidney & liver transplants
Immunology
Mechanism of transplant rejec on,
Immunosuppression by
Bone marrow transplant
Acute, hyper acute rejec on, Gra Versus Host
cor costeroids, cytotoxic drugs
reac on,
and cyclosporine
Preven on of gra rejec on
10
Tumour
Tumour rejec on an gens
Humanized monoclonal
Flow cytometry in the
Immunology
Immune response to tumours
an body therapy in cancers
diagnosis of malignancies
Immunotoxins
Vaccines against tumors
11
Immuno
Humoral, Cellular & Combined Immuno Deficiency
Deficiency
Defect of Phagocytosis
Disorder
The T.N. Dr. M.G.R. Medical University II MBBS Microbiology curriculum & Syllabus
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IMMUNOLOGY
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12
Immunohemat
Blood Group an gens, Blood grouping, Cross
ology
matching, Coomb's test Rh &ABO incompa bilityRh
D immuniza on
13
Immuno
Na onal Immuniza on Schedule (EPI),
Live a enuated varicella
New Vaccine strategies
prophylaxis
Vaccines ? Killed and subunit & Live a enuated
Hepa
s A, Haemophilus
Newer Vaccines: Dengue
Toxoid and Recombinant DNA derived Vaccines
influenza, Influenza A
Polio,Diptheria,Pertussis,Tetanus,,Measles,mumps,r
Cytokine therapy
ubella,Hepa
s B, Japanese Encephali s ,Rabies,
Adverse Events following
Pneumococcal Immunoglobulin therapy,
Immuniza on
The T.N. Dr. M.G.R. Medical University II MBBS Microbiology curriculum & Syllabus
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IMMUNOLOGY
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I.GRAM POSITIVE COCCI
1.Staphylococci
Morphology, Cultural and isola on, Pathogenicity,
Biochemical reac ons, an gens.
Typing methods
Diseases caused, Virulence factors, Laboratory
Exotoxins
diagnosis Preven on and control, Methicillin
MRSA
resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Pyogenic
infec ons, Surgical site infec on, TSST, Treatment
2.Streptococci
Morphology, Cultural classifica on Characteris cs,
Biochemical reac ons, an gens.
Vancomycin resistant
Lancefield grouping, Culture and Iden fica on,
Subacute bacterial endocardi s
Enterococci
Group A & B beta hemoly c streptococci
Anaerobic streptococci
Pathogenicity, Virulence factors. Diseases :
streptococcus viridans
Pharyngi s, erysipelas, impe go, necro zing
fascii s , Puerperal sepsis
Post Streptococcal Sequelae- Rheuma c fever,
Acute glomerulo nephri s pathogenesis, clinical
features, Laboratory diagnosis & treatment
treatment and preven on.
3.Pneumococci
Morphology, Cultural Characteris cs, Pathogenicity,
Animal Pathogenicity tests.
Diseases caused, Virulence factors, Laboratory
Immune response,
diagnosis, Quellung reac on
An gen detec on in urine
II.GRAM NEGATIVE COCCI
1.Neisseria
Morphology, Classifica on of Gram nega ve cocci
Culture & Biochemical reac ons
Non Gonococcal
gonorrhoeae
Pathogenicity, Epidemiology, Laboratory diagnosis,
Immune response.
urethri s
clinical manifesta ons, complica ons , Infer lity in
Treatment
male & female, Treatment Prophylaxis,
The T.N. Dr. M.G.R. Medical University II MBBS Microbiology curriculum & Syllabus
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2.Neisseria
Serotyping based on capsule.
Chemoprophylaxis
meningi dis
Virulence factors, Sep cemia, meningi s, lab
Meningococcal vaccines
diagnosis of pyogenic meningi s due to N.
meningi dis, Treatment
III.GRAM POSITIVE BACILLI1.
1.Cornye
Morphology, Cultural characteris cs, pathogenicity
Classifica on, Culture and
Typing
bacterium
due to Toxins, Laboratory diagnosis, Treatment,
Isola on
diphtheriae
Prophylaxis, Epidemiology, Diphtheria Vaccine
2.Bacillus
Type of Infec on, Morphology, cultural
Epidemiology
Anthrax bacilli as
anthracis
characteris cs, virulence factors, pathogenesis,
Biochemical reac ons
poten al agent for
clinical manifesta ons, laboratory diagnosis,
Bioterrorism
treatment and preven on
3. Bacillus
Morphology, cultural characteris cs, biochemical
Laboratory Diagnosis
.......
.......
cereus
reac ons, Pathogenesis of food poisoning
IV.ANAEROBIC BACTERIA
1.Clostridium
Morphology, Culture, Resistance, Pathogenicity,
Biochemical reac ons
Classifica on of the
tetani
Prophylaxis, laboratory diagnosis and Treatment,
clostridia
2.Clostridium
Morphology, Pathogenesis of Gas gangrene,
C. his oly cum, C. noviyi
...... ...... ......
perfringens
Prophylaxis, Nagler's reac on
Biochemical reac ons.
3.Clostridium
Morphology, Culture, Resistance, Pathogenicity,
...... ....... ......
..... ...... ......
botulinum
Prophylaxis Treatment, laboratory diagnosis, types
4.Clostridium
An microbials &Pseudomembranous coli s
..... ...... ......
..... ...... ......
The T.N. Dr. M.G.R. Medical University II MBBS Microbiology curriculum & Syllabus
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difficile
5.Non-sporing
Classifica on, diseases caused, laboratory
Normal anaerobic flora of the
anaerobes
diagnosis, Common anaerobic infec ons, treatment
human body
V. ENTERO
..... ...... ......
Classifica on of the
..... ...... ......
BACTERIACEAE
Enterobacteriaceae, Biochemical
reac ons,
1.Escherichia
Morphology, cultural characteris cs, Virulence
An genic structure
..... ...... ......
coli
factors, Diarrhoeagenic E coli, Pathogenesis of UTI,
Extended spectrum Beta
neonatal meningi s and clinical manifesta ons,
Lactamase producing E. coli
Laboratory diagnosis and treatment
(ESBL)
2.Klebsiella
Classifica on
K. oxytoca and K. rhino-
..... .....
Klebsiella pneumoniae: pathogenesis of UTI and
scleroma s
3.Proteus
Morphology, Special characteris cs, diseases
....... ........
...... ......
.......
caused
4.Shigella
Morphology, Classifica on, Exotoxins, Pathogenesis
Biochemical reac ons
.......
....... ........
of shigellosis, Hemoly c Uremic syndrome,
Drug resistance in Shigella
Laboratory diagnosis, Treatment and control
5.Salmonella
Morphology, Pathogenicity, Epidemiology, Clinical
Classifica on, an genic
.......
....... ........
manifesta ons of Enteric fever and intes nal
structure and varia ons,
Salmonellosis, complica ons, laboratory diagnosis,
Serotyping methods
Treatment & Prophylaxis ,Drug resistance
Laboratory Diagnosis of carriers,
6.Intes nal
Sources of infec on, Pathogenesis, Lab diagnosis
Salmonella sep cemia
.......
....... ........
Salmonellae
The T.N. Dr. M.G.R. Medical University II MBBS Microbiology curriculum & Syllabus
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VI. VIBRIO
1.Vibrio
Morphology, Cultural characteris cs, transport
Biological typing
Vibrio mimicus
cholerae
media used, resistance, Epidemiology,
Serotyping, V. cholerae O139
2. Halophilic
Pathogenesis, Clinical features, Laboratory
vibrios
diagnosis, Prophylaxis, Treatment : Oral rehydra on
therapy
3.Aeromonas
......... ......... ............
Clinical features, Laboratory
...... ........
and
diagnosis, Prophylaxis,
plesiomonas
Treatment
VII.PSEUDOMONAS
1.Pseudomonas
Morphology, cultural characteris cs, Resistance to
Nosocomial infec ons:
...... .........
aeruginosa
An microbials, Pathogenicity, clinical
Ven lator Associated
manifesta ons, Laboratory diagnosis, Treatment:
Pneumonia, Wound infec ons
an pseudomonal drugs
2.Stenotrophom
......... ......... ............
Epizootology, zoono c
onas maltophila
infec ons, clinical
......... .........
3. Burkholderia
manifesta ons. Treatment and
cepacia 4.
control
Burkholderia
mallei and
Glanders
5. Burkholderia
pseudo mallei
and melioidosis
The T.N. Dr. M.G.R. Medical University II MBBS Microbiology curriculum & Syllabus
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VIII.OTHER GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA
1.Yersinia pes s
Morphology, Cultural characteris cs, An gens,
Prophylaxis, Plague surveillance
Yersinia enterocoli ca
toxins and virulence factors Epidemiology &
and control
Epizootology, Rodents, Rat fleas, Pathogenesis of
Plague, Clinical manifesta ons, Laboratory
Diagnosis, Treatment.
2.Pasteurella
..........
.......
......
Pathogenesis, clinical
..........
.......
multocida
presenta ons, laboratory
......
diagnosis treatment.
3.Francisella
....
.......
......
Tularemia in man: pathogenesis,
..........
.......
tularensis
clinical features, treatment and
......
prophylaxis
IX.HEMOPHILUS
1H. influenzae.
Morphology, cultural characteris cs, resistance,
Biochemical reac ons
..........
.......
pathogenesis, clinical presenta ons, laboratory
An genic proper es
......
diagnosis treatment, Vaccines
2.H. aegyp cus
....
.......
......
Pathogenesis, clinical
..........
.......
& H. para-
presenta ons, laboratory
......
influenzae,
diagnosis treatment. HACEK
H. aphrophilus,
induced endocardi s
HACEK
3.H. ducreyi
Sexually transmi ed infec ons, clinical features,
....
.......
......
..........
.......
treatment
......
The T.N. Dr. M.G.R. Medical University II MBBS Microbiology curriculum & Syllabus
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X. BORDETELLA
Morphology, cultural characteris cs, virulence
Biochemical reac ons
Other Bordetella species
factors, pathogenesis, clinical presenta ons,
Pertussis vaccines
viz. B. parapertussis and
1.B. pertussis
laboratory diagnosis treatment, prophylaxis
B. bronchisep ca
XI.
Morphology, cultural characteris cs, pathogenesis,
Epidemiology, An genic
...... ....... ........
clinical presenta ons, laboratory diagnosis
structure
BRUCELLA
treatment, Preven on and control
XII.
Epidemiology, Morphology, virulence determinants
Drug suscep bility tes ng
Latent TB
MYCOBACTERIU
& pathogenicity Resistance, cultural characteris cs,
methods: solid media and liquid
Management of TB
M
M.
clinical presenta ons, Pathogenesis of Pulmonary
media
contacts Extremely Drug
tuberculosis
and Extra pulmonary tuberculosis, HIV/TB
Molecular methods of diagnosis
Resistant Tuberculosis
coinfec on
of MDRT Standards
New an TB drugs
laboratory diagnosis: AFB microscopy
of TB care
and Mul drug an tuberculous treatment,
prophylaxis RNTCP
-- DOTS, Mul drug Resistance (MDRT)
2.M. leprae and
Epidemiology, Morphology, classifica on
Cul va on of M. leprae in
Mul drug therapy,
Leprosy
pathogenesis, clinical features, Laboratory
mouse footpad
Diagnosis: AFB microscopy
3.Non-
Classifica on, Diseases caused by NTM
Biochemical reac ons
Tuberculous
Mycobacteria
XIII.SPIROCHETES
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IMMUNOLOGY
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1.Treponema
Epidemiology, Morphology, Cultural characteris cs,
Non venereal treponematoses,
Nonpathogenic
pallidum &
pathogenicity, Stages and Clinical features: Primary,
Yaws, Pinta and Endemic syphilis
treponemes
Syphilis
Secondary, Ter ary, Congenital
Laboratory diagnosis: Dark field microscopy,
Serological Tests-rapid Plasma Rapid Reagin,
Specific Treponema an body tests Treatment and
Preven on and control
2.Borrelia
Morphology, pathogenicity, laboratory diagnosis,
Cultural characteris cs
........ .........
recurren s
treatment
An genic proper es
Relapsing fever
Vincent's angina
4.Borrelia
Lyme's disease, Vector involved, Clinical features,
burgdorferi
Laboratory diagnosis
5.Leptospira
Epidemiology, Epizootology, Morphology,
Silver impregna on staining
Leptospirosis in animals
Classifica on, Isola on, pathogenesis of
Microscopic Agglu na on Test
leptospirosis and complica ons, clinical features,
PCR in the diagnosis of
lab diagnosis: Genus specific and serovar specific
leptospirosis An genic
tests, treatment, Preven on and control
structure
XIV Ricketssiae
Ricke sia
Epidemiology, morphology, cultural characteris cs,
Emerging Ricke sial infec ons in
........ .......
ricketsii R.
pathogenesis, Laboratory diagnosis: Weil Felix Test,
India
prowazekii
IgM ELISA, Clinical features and treatment.
Rocky mountain spo ed fever
R. typhi
Indian ck typhus, epidemic typhus, Murine
Orien a
Typhus, Scrub Typhus, Q fever
tsutsugamuzhi
The T.N. Dr. M.G.R. Medical University II MBBS Microbiology curriculum & Syllabus
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IMMUNOLOGY
Sl.No
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Desirable to Know
Nice to Know
Coxiella burne i
XV Mycoplasma & Chlamydia
1.Mycoplasma
Morphology, pathogenesis, L forms, clinical
Epidemiology
Classifica on,
pneumoniae &
features: Atypical pneumonia, Non gonococcal
Cultural characteris cs,
Ureaplasma urealy cum,
hominis
urethri s and cervici s, laboratory diagnosis, Cell
Biochemical proper es,
culture contamina on by mycoplasma, treatment.
An genic proper es
2.Chlamydia
Morphology, pathogenesis, Re culate bodies,
Cell culture
........ .......
trachoma s C.
clinical features: Trachoma, Inclusion conjunc vi s,
pneumoniae, C.
Non gonococcal urethri s and cervici s,
psi aci & TWAR
Lymphogranuloma venereum, Atypical pneumonia,
agents
laboratory diagnosis; Gram stain, Detec on of
An gen, real me PCR & treatment.
1.Anaerobic
Morphology, Clinical features, Laboratory diagnosis,
Ac nomycetes causing COPD,
........ .......
ac nomycetes &
treatment
farmer's lung
Ac nomycosis
2.Nocardia
Morphology, Staining characteris cs, Clinical
Culture of Nocardia
........ .......
features: Opportunis c infec ons, Lab diagnosis
Nocardiosis in HIV/AIDS
and Treatment
XVI. MISCELLANEOUS BACTERIA
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Nice to Know
1.Listeria
Listeriosis ? clinical features: Food poisoning,
........ .......
........ .......
monocytogenes
Neonatal meningi s due to Listeria, Listeria
opportunis c infec ons in HIV/AIDS, lab diagnosis,
treatment,
Klebsiella
Granuloma inguinale- clinical features, lab diagnosis
........ .......
........ .......
granuloma s
and treatment
Streptobacillus
Rat bite fever: clinical features, lab diagnosis and
........ .......
........ .......
moniliformis
management
and spirillum
minus
Campylobacter
Epidemiology, Morphology, cultural characteris cs,
Gullain baare syndrome and
........ .......
Classifica on, pathogenesis, and lab diagnosis and
campylobacteriosis
treatment.
Helicobacter
Disease caused, pathogenicity, laboratory diagnosis
........ .......
........ .......
pylori
and treatment
Legionella
Morphology, cultural characteris cs, Pathogenesis,
.........
........
.......
........
pneumophila
Clinical features: Atypical pneumonia, Hospital
Acquired Infec ons and treatment
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Parasitology
Sl
No
Content
Must Know
Desirable To Know
Nice to Know
GENERAL
Definitions- types of hosts, parasites, types of
Ectoparasites
PARASITOLOGY
host parasite relationships, sources of
Polycarbonate filters to
Recent Advances
- INTRODUCTION
infections, portals of entry, modes of
concentrate microfilariae
in the Lab
transmission of parasitic diseases,
diagnosis of
Life cycles of parasites, pathogenicity,
Parasites
immunity to parasitic infections,
Parasitic
Laboratory diagnosis of parasitic infections-
opportunistic
principles
infections
Specimen collection,- Stool and Blood
Stool Direct saline & iodine mount,
Concentration Techniques in Stool exam
1.
Blood thick and thin smear ; Rapid Antigen
Detection
Serological Tests-IgM and IgG detection
2.
PROTOZOA
Classification & General characteristics of
2.
Protozoa
INTESTINAL
Entamoeba histolytica
Entamoeba dispar, Entamoeba
Histo pathology of
AMOEBAE
Habitat, morphology, life cycle, pathogenicity,
coli, Entamoeba hartmanni,
amoebic lesions
clinical manifestations, intestinal & extra
Iodamoeba butschlii, Endolimax
intestinal- amoebiasis, laboratory diagnosis of
nana
3.
intestinal & extra intestinal amoebiasis,
Treatment and Prevention
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Nice to Know
FREE - LIVING Free living amoeba: Naegleria fowleri,
Newer free living
AMOEBAE
Acanthamoeba species, Morphology, life cycle,
amoebae Sappinia
4.
pathogenicity, clinical manifestations, lab
diploid
4
diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention
INTESTINAL,
Intestinal Flagellates Giardia lamblia
Immune response
Trichomonas
ORAL &
Habitat, Morphology, life cycle, pathogenicity,
recent advance in laboratory
tenax
GENITAL
5.
clinical manifestations, lab diagnosis,
diagnosis of Giardiasis other
Trichomonas
FLAGELLATES
prevention & treatment
intestinal flagellates
hominis
Genital flagellatesTrichomonas vaginalis:
Habitat, Morphology, life cycle, pathogenicity,
6.
clinical manifestations, lab diagnosis,
5
prevention & treatment
BLOOD
Trypanosoma
PARASITES
African trypanosomiasis. brucei gambiense &T. Antigenic variation in
Newer Parasites
brucei rhodesiense
Trypanosomiasis
& Opportunistic
South American trypanosomiasis: T. cruzi
Parasitic
Habitat, Morphology, life cycle, pathogenicity,
Infections
7.
clinical manifestations, lab diagnosis,
6
prevention & treatment
9.
Leishmania
7
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Nice to Know
Old world Leishmaniasis: Leishmania
Virulence factors
Xeno diagnosis
donovani
Immunology
Other species: L.
L. tropica - Epidemiology, Habitat, Morphology,
HIV and Leishmania
major
cultivation, life cycle, pathogenicity, clinical
Co-infection
L. peruviana ; L.
manifestations: Kala azar, Post kala azar
Rapid diagnostic tests
chagasi
Leishmaniasis, lab diagnosis ? specific and
Control measures
nonspecific tests, prevention & treatment
10.
8
New world leishmaniasis
L. brazilensis complex & L. Mexicana complex
Habitat, Morphology, life cycle, pathogenicity,
clinical manifestations, lab diagnosis,
11.
prevention & treatment
12.
PLASMODIUM SPECIES
P. ovale & P. malariae
Drug resistance in
P. falciparum, P. vivax : Epidemiology, Life
malarial parasites
cycle, Morphology, Pathogenesis, Clinical
features , complications, Laboratory diagnosis
of Malaria :
Thick and Thin blood smear-Blood collection,
Giemsa staining/JSB staining, Identification of
P. vivax and P. falciparum
Rapid Detection Tests, Treatment of malaria
Control measures & National programs In
Malaria control
BABESIA: Habitat, Morphology, Life cycle,
Pathogenesis, Clinical features, Laboratory
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diagnosis, treatment
COCCIDIAN
TOXOPLASMAMorphology, Life cycle,
Diagnosis of CNS toxoplasmosis
PARASITES
Pathogenesis, modes of transmission, Clinical
in HIV/AIDS
manifestations- congenital toxoplasmosis,
toxoplasmosis in immuno -compromised,
Laboratory diagnosis and treatment
Cryptosporidium parvum Morphology, Life
cycle, Pathogenesis, clinical manifestations,
Laboratory diagnosis, treatment
14.
Balantidium coli
15. MICRO-
MICROSPORIDIA
10 SPORIDIA
HELMINTHS
CESTODES
Classification of Cestodes systematic & habitat Epidemiology of
Taenia multiceps,
based
neurocysticercosis
Echinococcus
General characteristics of cestodes
Spirometra, Hymenolepis diminuta
vogeli
TAENIA SOLIUM & TAENIA SAGINATA
Morphology, Life cycle, Pathogenesis, modes
of transmission
16.
Clinical manifestations, neurocysticercosis
11
Laboratory diagnosis, Prophylaxis treatment
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Diphyllobothrium latum
Hymenolepis nana
Echinococcus granulosa
Morphology, Life cycle, Pathogenesis, modes
of transmission
17.
Clinical manifestations-
12
Laboratory diagnosis, prophylaxis treatment
TREMATODES
Schistosomes- blood flukes; Fasciola
Schistosomiasis in India
Heterophyes
hepatica (Liver fluke); Paragonimus
-heterophyes
westermani (Lung fluke) Epidemiology,
Watsonius watsoni
Morphology, Lifecycle, Clinical Features,
Opisthorchis
Pathogenesis, Lab diagnosis, Prevention&
felineus
18.
Treatment.
Metagonimus
13
yoogawi
Opisthorchis (Clonorchis) sinensis:
Morphology, Lifecycle Clinical Features,
19.
Pathogenesis, Lab diagnosis Treatment
14
Prevention
NEMATODES
Ascaris lumbricoides: Habitat, morphology;
Free living Species
.......
Life cycle, pathogenicity of adult worms,
......
pathogenicity of migrating larvae clinical
20.
manifestations, lab diagnosis, Prevention and
15
Treatment, visceral larva migrans
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Strongyloides stercoralis
Strongyloidiasis in HIV AIDS
.......
morphology; Life cycle, pathogenicity of adult
......
worms, pathogenicity of migrating larvae
clinical manifestations, Hyper infection, lab
21.
diagnosis, Prevention and Treatment , larva
16
currens
Ankylostoma duodenale: habitat,
Pseudo hook worms
.......
morphology; Life cycle, pathogenicity of adult
Ankylostoma brazilensis
......
worms, pathogenicity of migrating larvae
clinical manifestations, microcytic hypochromic
anemia, lab diagnosis, Prevention and
22.
Treatment
Necator americanus
.......
......
.......
Differentiating features between Ankylostoma
......
and Necator
23.
Cutaneous larva migrans
Enterobius vermicularis & Trichuris
Gnathostoma species
trichiura habitat,
Morphology, Lifecycle Clinical Features,
Complication-appendicitis, Pathogenesis, Lab
24.
diagnosis Treatment Prevention
Dracanculensis medinensis
Anisakiasis
habitat, Morphology, Lifecycle Clinical
Features, Pathogenesis, Lab diagnosis,
Treatment,
25.
Prevention
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FILARIAL
LYMPHATIC FILARIAL PARASITES:
Occult filariasis
Ivermectin
NEMATODES
Wuchereria bancrofti & Brugia malayi
Loa loa, Oncocerca volvulus
Epidemiology, Habitat, morphology,Life cycle,
Mansonella species infecting
pathogenicity, clinical manifestations, laboratory human
diagnosis- conventional and rapid diagnostic
tests, Anti filarial treatment,Mass prophylaxis
26.
with DEC
LABORATORY
1.Blood for Malarial parasites and Microfilariae:
Quantification of malarial parasites Culture methods
DIAGNOSTIC
Thick and thin blood smear
in parasitology
PARASITOLOGY
2.Stool saline and iodine wet mounts
PROCEDURES
3.Stool concentration methods,
Molecular
4. Microscopic techniques in stool examination
methods in
for diagnosis of parasitic diseases.
parasitic diagnosis
5. Examination of urine in parasitic diagnosis
(Schistosomiasis)
6. Examination of sputum (Paragonimiasis)
7. Examination of aspirates(Leishmaniasis)
8. Examination of CSF; Serologic diagnostic
27.
methods (Toxoplasmosis)
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S No VIRUSES MUST
KNOW
DESIRABLE TO KNOW
NICE TO
KNOW
1
GENERAL
History of virology; definition of virus;
Viral Multiplication: Cell culture & Viral
Virus Titre
PROPERTIES
Structure and Symmetry; Classification;
growth. Shell vial culture
estimation using
OF VIRUSES
Characterization of viruses; Electron
Identification of viral cultures using
neutralization
microscopy -Negative staining and cryo
Haemadsorption inhibition,
method (Plaque
electron microscopy; Viral Replication
neutralization test,
count )
strategies; Susceptibility to physical and
Immunofluorescence and ELISA
chemical gents Resistance. Cultivation of
Viruses; Viral Hemagglutination
LABORATORY
1.Specimen collection and
Nucleic acid test qualitative and
1.Virus Isolation
DIAGNOSIS OF transportation
i) Blood
quantitative by real time PCR for
nasopharyngeal
2
VIRAL
(serum) for immunoassays volume blood(3- diagnosis and prognosis respectively swab & CSF);
INFECTIONS
5ml), whole blood and serum, plasma.
Diagnostic accuracy of laboratory
Specimen
Timing of specimen is critical ; standard
tests : (sensitivity, specificity, positive
processing for
predictive value, negative predictive
viral culture ;
value) for immunoassays and nucleic
Incubation time ;
precautions and PPE ; Transportation at 4 acid tests for each viral infection
.
C ii).Naso pharyngeal swab or
aspirate for Antigen detection & nucleic
acid : Trans-portation in in VTM at 4 C
using gel pack or wet ice
iii).Specimens for Nucleic acid : CSF,
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Blood whole ,plasma, serum:
Transportation at 4 C using gel pack or
wet ice without VTM.
2.Methods- A) Microscopy (Tzank smear)
B) Antigen & Antibody detection using
Immuno fluorescence, ELISA, Rapid tests
(Dot -blot and immuno chromatography):
IgM , IgG detection
3
VIRUS -HOST
Receptors used by viruses; Cell & tissue
Innate immunity : Viral PAMPs:
INTERACTIONS
tropism; Mechanisms virus entry into the
single-stranded (ss)RNA, dsRNA,
cell ; Viral replication-Cell injury-Cytopathic and DNA;
effect & Inclusion bodies; persistence of
PRRs: Toll-like receptors (TLRs)
viruses ; viruses and cancer;
and the cytosolic nucleic acid
Host response:
sensors Immunopathogenetic
Innate immunity: Natural killer cells, &
Interferons.
mechanisms (e.g. HIV/AIDS,RSV)
Adaptive immunity: MHC1 restricted CD 8
+ T cell cytotoxicity, central role of CD 4+ T
cell (TH1 &TH2 ) helping the CD8+ and B-
cells, ; Neutralization of viruses ; ADCC ;
Iimmunoprophylaxis (vaccines) ;Primary
and secondary immune response
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4
BACTERIOPHA Morphology & Life cycle.
Bacteriocins
Bacteriophages
GES
Significance of Phages
in molecular
Phage typing
cloning
5
POX VIRUSES
Classification; Variola virus, Vaccinia virus
History of small pox vaccine
Vaccinia virus as
? morphology cultivation host range.
a vector for
Small pox pathogenesis, clinical findings,
candidate
Small pox eradication programe
antigens in the
Cow pox. Milker's nodes Orf ,
field of
Molluscum Contagiosum.
vaccinology.
Small pox eradication
6
PAPOVAVIRUS
Classification. Human papilloma
Molecular diagnosis of HPV infection
HPV vaccines in
virus(HPV): Morphology, mechanisms of
using real time PCR
the prevention of
oncogenesis HPV serotypes and lesions
Carcinoma cervix
produced, pathogenesis of skin lesions,
(wart) carcinoma cervix Lab diagnosis :
(Papanicolou smear ) ,treatment & HPV
vaccines .
7
PARVO VIRUS
Human Parvo Virus B 19: Epidemiology,
Congenital infection and management
Structure, pathogenesis, clinical
manifestations, treatment.
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8
HUMAN
Human Herpes viruses:
HSV in HIV/AIDS
HSV Latency
HERPES
HSV: Epidemiology, Types of HSV,
Acyclovir: mechanism of action,
Associated
VIRUSES
pathogenesis, Latency, Primary,
pharmacodynamics and
Transcription
HERPES
pharmacokinetics
SIMPLEX
initial, recurrent infections,
VIRUSES
Clinical(syndromes): HSV1: Orofacial,
VARICELLA
HSV keratitis, Encephalitis & Disseminated
ZOSTER
HSV;
VIRUS
HSV2 : Genital Herpes, Aseptic meningitis,
CYTOMEGALO
Congenital and neonatal HSV
VIRUS
Laboratory diagnosis: Direct microscopy:
EPSTEIN
Tzank smear in orofacial & Genital Herpes,
BARR VIRUS
Virus isolation, Antigen detection by
immuno- fluorescence, IgM and IgG
detection; Real time PCR in HSV
encephalitis;
Treatment : Acyclovir and Valacyclovir
therapy of primary, initial and recurrent
infections. HSV encephalitis & chemo-
prophylaxis.
Varicel a
Varicella Zoster virus: Epidemiology,
Herpes Zoster in HIV/AIDS VZV Post Herpetic
Zoster
Pathogenesis clinical manifestations:
in pregnancy & Congenital infection
Neuralgia
Virus(VZV)
Chickenpox, CNS complications,
Pneumonia, and Herpes Zoster; laboratory
diagnosis of VZV, treatment, Vaccines
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Cytomegalo
Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, CMV
CMV infections renal, liver & bone
New antiviral
virus (CMV)
inclusion bodies, clinical manifestations:
CMV infections in renal, liver, & bone
drugs: Cidofovir
CMV in pregnancy, Congenital CMV, CMV
marrow transplant recipients;
infections in HIV/AIDS & complications
Ganciclovir & Valganciclovir therapy &
(CMV encephalitis and retinitis), lab
Prophylaxis in transplant recipients
diagnosis, treatment.
Epstein Barr
Epidemiology, EBV Antigens,
EBV associated lymphomas.
Virus (EBV)
Pathogenesis: Infection of the pharyngeal
pharyngeal carcinoma, EBV in
& and B cells, immortalization of B cells;
HIV/AIDS
Clinical: Infectious mononucleosis &
...... .......
encephalitis; Lab diagnosis Paul Bunnel
and EBV specific ELISA tests and
treatment,
HUMAN
Epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical
HERPES
features: HHV6 & 7: Exanthema subitum,
VIRUSES-HHV
infantile fever and seizures, encephalitis
6
HHV
KSHV: Kaposi Sarcoma in HIV/AIDS
........
........
...... .......
7 & KSHV
Herpes B virus: Epidemiology,
(HHV8)
pathogenesis, clinical manifestations &
Herpes B virus
Post exposure prophylaxis with valacyclovir
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9.
PICORNA
Classification of picornaviridae family
Polio Surveil ance and eradication
VIRUSES
Enterovirus genus classification and Polio
Switch from OPV to IPV
virus antigenic types, Polio virus:
Vaccine associated AFP; Acute
epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical
Encephalitis due to Non polio
manifestations Acute flaccid paralysis,
entero viruses
laboratory diagnosis: isolation of polio virus
from stool, Polio Vaccines ?Oral Polio (live)
& Inactivated (advantages &
........
disadvantages) dose, Immunization
........
schedule, Mass pulse Polio vaccination.
Other Enteroviruses: Coxsackie A and B
, ECHO viruses , pathogenesis, clinical
manifestations , laboratory diagnosis,
treatment Rhino viruses General
characteristics, Serotypes, pathogenesis &
clinical manifestations
10
ORTHOMYXOV Classification, Structure, Antigenic
Pandemics due to Influenza A Genetic Influenza B & C
IRUSES
variation, Influenza A: Epidemiology,
mechanism of antigenic drift and shift
pathogenesis, Clinical features-mild to
Bird Flu, Influenza A vaccine
severe influenza and complications such as
acute respiratory distress syndrome,
Laboratory diagnosis : viral isolation, real
time RT PCR in the diagnosis of
encephalitis treatment & prevention .
11
PARAMYXOVIR Paramyxoviridae: Introduction, Antigenic
USES
Structure, classification.
Mumps virus : Pathogenesis, Clinical
manifestations, complications, Lab
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Diagnosis , Prevention : live mumps
vaccine Measles (Rubella) History,
epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Clinical
manifestations : measles exanthemas,
complications: pneumonia, encephalitis,
post infectious encephalitis, SSPE,
Lab Diagnosis , Prevention , Prophylaxis.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV):
Epidemiology, Pathogenesis; Risk factors
for severe disease; Clinical manifestations:
Acute bronchitis, bronchiolitis &
complications, Laboratory Diagnosis:
Antigen detection by immunofluorescence&
real time PCR, Treatment: Ribavirin
therapy
Parainfluenza viruses 1-4: Pathogenesis,
clinical manifestations: Stridor due to acute
trachea bronchitis (Croup), Treatment
12
ARBOVIRUSES General: Introduction, Definition,
Yellow fever; Sandfly fever
Hanta HF,
taxonomical classification, Epidemiology,
Chandipura fever ;
argentine HF,
Ecology, Entomology clinical syndromes:
Aedes agyptii : Habitat, Trans ovarian Bolivian HF,
Fever with rashes, fever with hemorrhage,
transmission ;
Crimean-Congo
fever with arthritis, Encephalitis
HF, Lassa fever,
Rift valley Fever,
Lab Diagnosis: Antibody (IgM/&IgG) by
Viral isolation in
ELISA Prevention and entomological
vitro using vero
control measures.
cell and insect
Dengue : WHO/NVBDC clinical
cell lines
classification and management, lab
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diagnosis : NS1 antigen IgM detection ;
Dengue vaccines
Aedes mosquito Control measures ;
Xeno diagnosis
Source reduction and larvicidal
Japanese encephalitis : Epidemiology,
general ; Clinical : asymptomatic to
encephalitis syndrome; lab diagnosis : IgM
from CSF and serum ; prevention with the
new JE live vaccine
Kyasanur Forest Disease
Chikungunya
13
RHABDOVIRU
Structure, Symmetry, Susceptibility to
History of Rabies vaccine Cell
Rabies related
SES
physical and chemical agents of
culture derived rabies vaccines
viruses
disinfection, Antigenic Properties. Natural
Control of wild rabies
life cycle in animals, Transmission,
Pathogenesis, Pathology: Rabies inclusion
(Negri) bodies, Clinical features,
Laboratory diagnosis of rabies: ante and
post mortem, clinical manifestations,
Prophylaxis- Pre exposure and post
exposure Prophylaxis.
Control of Rabies in domestic dogs and
cats
14
CORONAVIRU
Classification, & SARS Transmission,
MERS CoV
S
clinical manifestation, lab diagnosis,
treatment, Prophylaxis
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16
SLOW
Slow virus disease definition:
Prion Protein (PrP).
Gerstmann-
VIRUSES
classification : Prion diseases ,Subacute
Sterilization and disinfection methods
Stra?ssler-
Sclerosing Pan encephalitis SSPE and
that are effective against Prion
Scheinker
Progressive multifocal
PML
Syndrome
leukoencephalopathy (PML)
(GSSS)
Prion; susceptibility to physical agents;
classification of slow viral diseases,
pathogenesis of Prion mediated disease
clinical manifestation , diagnosis
treatment & prevention
Human Prion diseases : Kuru, Creutzfeldt-
Jakob disease (CJD) encephalopathy,
SSPE : Pathogenesis ,clinical features,
Lab diagnosis & prognosis
17
REO
Rota viruses: Epidemiology, structure,
VIRUSES
Subtypes, pathogenesis clinical
manifestations, diagnosis: Antigen
detection from stool: ELISA, Latex
agglutination-Treatment of diarrhoea &
prevention : Rotavirus vaccines
18
ADENOVIRU
Adeno virus Structure, classification,
Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis
Adenovirus
SES
Pathogenicity, Clinical manifestations:
Oncogenecity of adeno virus
infection in
Upper and respiratory tract infections,
immuno
conjunctivitis, and enteritis. Lab diagnosis
compromised ;
Haemorrhagic
cystitis
The T.N. Dr. M.G.R.Medical University II MBBS Microbiology curriculum & Syllabus
C 5
VIROLOGY
Sl.No
Content
Must Know
Desirable To Know
Nice to Know
20
ONCOGENIC Classification of Oncogenic Viruses ;
Human papilloma virus and
Antiviral
VIRUSES
Mechanisms of oncogenesis in virus
carcinoma cervix
therapy in virus
infected cells; Viruses associated With EBV and Burkitt's lymphoma
asssociated
Human cancer;
tumors
The T.N. Dr. M.G.R.Medical University II MBBS Microbiology curriculum & Syllabus
C 6
MYCOLOGY
Sl.No
Content
Must Know
Desirable To Know
Nice to Know
II MBBS CURRICULUM MYCOLOGY
TOPICS
MUST KNOW
DESIRABLETO KNOW
NICE TO
KNOW
I General
General characteristics of Pathogenic fungi. Histopathological diagnosis:
Antifungal
Aspects of
Clinical Classification of fungus infections;
Haematoxylin-Eosin, PAS, gomori's
susceptibility
fungi
Dimorphic fungi; Pathogenicity and
methenamine Blue, Gridley's fungal
testing; Azole
virulence; laboratory mycology-specimen
stain of mycotic diseases Real
resistance
collection, direct examination using KOH,
time PCR in the diagnosis of fungi
Calcofluor- KOH, Gram stain,
Culture and isolation from specimens;
Serology and NAAT; Antifungal agents-
Topical and systemic
II Superficial
Tinea nigra, Piedras-white and black,
WOOD's lamp and its applications.
Treatment of
Mycoses
Pitryasis versicolor
Identification methods of the
Drug resistant
Dermatophytes- General characteristics,
Dermatophytes: In vitro hair
dermatophytes
classification, Pathogenicity Clinical
perforation ,urea production and
with Terbinafine
aspects of dermatophytoses :Tinea corporis hydrolysis
& cruris, Tinea pedis & manuum, Tinea
barbae, Tinea ungium, Tinea capitis.
Superficial candidiasis
Laboratory diagnosis: Direct KOH & culture
and identification of colonies
Treatment : Topical Azole derivatives &
Systemic Griseofulvin & Azole therapy
The T.N. Dr. M.G.R.Medical University II MBBS Microbiology curriculum & Syllabus
C 6
MYCOLOGY
Sl.No
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Desirable To Know
Nice to Know
III
Types of subcutaneous mycoses :
Chromoblastomycosis
Entomophthoro
Subcutaneou
Eumycetoma, Sporotrichosis,
mycosis - due
s Mycoses
Chromoblastosis and entomophthorosis
to
1.Eumycetoma :Fungi : Curvularia
Entomophthoral
geniculata & lunata ; Exophiala jeanselmei ;
e fungi-
Fusarium falciforme ; Leptosphaeria
Electron
senegalensis Madurella grisea &
microscopic
mycetomatis; Phaeoacremonium spp
structure of
epidemiology & transmission ,clinical
R.seeberi
features, Lab diagnosis : direct examination
NAAT in the
of the granules and culture
diagnosis of
2.Sporotrichosis- Causative agent, clinical
Eumycetoma
features, laboratory diagnosis and
treatment 3.Rhinosporidiosis-Structure
and morphology; life cycle of
Rhinospoidium seeberi ;epidemiology,
clinical features, Lab diagnosis and
treatment
IV Systemic
Systemic mycoses : Causative agents :
........
........
and
Histoplasma capsulatum, Coccidioides
Opportunistic
spp , Paracoccidioides brasilensis,
Mycoses
Blastomyces dermatidis epidemiology &
transmission, clinical features,Lab
diagnosis and Treatment
Opportunistic mycoses : Causative
agent, pathogenesis,clinical features,Lab
diagnosis and Treatment :
Aspergillosis,Penicillosis,Zygomycosis,
Candidiasis, Cryptococcosis and
The T.N. Dr. M.G.R.Medical University II MBBS Microbiology curriculum & Syllabus
C 6
MYCOLOGY
Sl.No
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Desirable To Know
Nice to Know
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia
V.
Oculomycosis: Causative Agents
........
........
Protothecosis
Miscellaneou
(Aspergillus , Fusarium , Scedosporium,
Pythiosis
s Topics
Paecilomyces, Acremonium species) ;
Lobamycosis
Clinical features -keratitis, conjunctivitis Lab
diagnosis and treatment
Otomycosis & Mycotic poisoning
The T.N. Dr. M.G.R.Medical University II MBBS Microbiology curriculum & Syllabus
C 6
MYCOLOGY
Sl.No
Content
Must Know
Desirable To Know
Nice to Know
The T.N. Dr. M.G.R.Medical University II MBBS Microbiology Syllabus
C 7
Applied microbiology
Sl.No
Content
Must Know
Desirable To Know
Nice to Know
1
COLLECTION &
Specimen : type ,timing of sample
1.Newer safe blood collection devices
1.Viral transport
TRANSPORT OF collection ,containers, volume and
such as vacutainers and self-locking
medium
SPECIMENS
Labelling
needles 2.
2. Cold chain
Requisition forms: Filling the test order forms
Specimen transport to overseas
maintenance of
with identifiers & relevant clinical details, following IATA rules.
specimen during
Appropriate instructions (specimen wise
3.transport media- Amie's for
transport for viral
Aseptic precautions during blood and body
Gonococci and Cary Blair for Vibrio
cultures and
fluid collection
cholerae
molecular diagnosis
laboratory specimen log/register
4. Sputum collection in Falcon tubes
3.Storage of
specimen rejection criteria
for MDR TB culture/molecular
specimens and
Transport of specimen within the hospital and diagnosis
cultures long term.
to the reference laboratory ;transport media
5. Nasopharyngeal swab for Influenza 4.New Dried blood
Amie's, Stuart, Cary Blair
A
spot (DBS) collection
system
2
NORMAL
1.Normal flora of skin, Oropharynx, Intestinal
1.Criteria (macroscopic and
Broad spectrum
MICROBIAL
tract, genital tract
microscopic) to identify specimens
antimicrobials
FLORA OF THE
2. Normal flora as Innate immunity component contaminated with normal flora altering the normal
HUMAN BODY
3. Interference of normal flora with the
2. Selective media for minimizing the
flora
pathogens during culture
interference by normal flora
3.Interpretation of cultures positive for
pathogens that form part of normal
flora
The T.N. Dr. M.G.R.Medical University II MBBS Microbiology Syllabus
C 7
Applied microbiology
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Nice to Know
3
IMMUNOPROPH 1.Active and passive immunization
1.Health care workers immunization;
1.Newer vaccines-
YLAXIS
2. Killed and live vaccines
3. Hepatitis B, Tetanus, Varicella-
rotavirus, Pertussis
Adjuvants & Routes of administration Zoster,Rabies Influenza A,
acellular vaccines,
4. National immunization schedule
5.
2.Japanese encephalitis vaccine in
inhalation based
Cold Chain maintenance
6.
endemic region
measles vaccine
Bacterial, and viral vaccines
3.Vaccine management peripheral
2. New strategies of
7.Rabies post exposure vaccination principles level
vaccination -DNA
8.Adverse events fol owing immunization
4.Mass Polio vaccination ;Switch from
vaccines;
(AEFI)
Trivalent OPV to bivalent OPV
4
HEALTHCARE
1.Health care ?Associated Infections
1.Specific prevention measures UTI : 1.Infection control
ASSOCIATED
-definition 2.
Catheter administration policy,
committee
INFECTIONS &
Categories of HAI -Catheter associated UTI,
Asepsis during procedure, weaning
2. Surveillance of
STANDARD
PRECAUTIONS
Surgical site infection, Blood stream infection(
policy & administration of
HAI 3.
BSI); Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP), antimicrobials
Antibiotic
3.Implications of HAI -morbidity, mortality and SSI : Contact precautions, Theatre
Stewardship
financial
asepsis, Good surgical practices 4.Antimicrobial
4.Prevention of HAI : Hand Hygiene
BSI: Strict aseptic protocols for central prophylaxis 5.Central
importance , practice and monitoring
vein cannulation, Change of CVC
Sterile supply
during infection, VAP :
department
Aseptic handling of Ventilator conduits 6.Operation room
; Weaning of ventilator etc.
disinfection
The T.N. Dr. M.G.R.Medical University II MBBS Microbiology Syllabus
C 7
Applied microbiology
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Nice to Know
5
BIOMEDICAL
1.Definition &Importance of BMWM for
Bio medical waste treatment-
Common Treatment
WASTE
Health care workers' safety; Infectious and
incineration, Deep burial
Facility Functions
MANAGEMENT
noninfectious hazards associated with BMW
2. Categories of biomedical waste and
disposal mechanisms BMW lifecycle: 1.
Generation 2. Segregation,34. Disinfection, 4.
transportation to the common storage section
5. Transportation to the common treatment
facility, 8.Treatment and
Disposal by suitable methods : incineration,
autoclaving, deep burial, sharp burial pit,
Effluent treatment plant for liquid waste
Biomedical waste handling rules .
6
Clinical
1.Direct Microscopy : Gram's stain, ZN /
1.ELISA: IgM HAV, IgM HEV,
Molecular Tests:
microbiology
Fluorescent AFB sputum microscopy and
IgM TORCH , IgM JE, IgM
Real time PCR
RNTCP grading, Thick and thin Giemsa
Chikungunya,
Influenza A,
smear for malaria
2.Malaria Rapid Detection Test, CRP Cartridge based PCR
2.Culture &anti-microbial susceptibility
for TB (CBNAAT),
(AST) : Urine, blood, pus ,CSF, Sputum,
real time PCR
3.Serological tests; Widal, RPR (VDRL),
(qualitative and
ASO, Rheumatoid Factor, HIV Rapid
Quantitative ) for
4.ELISA : HBsAg, anti HCV, ,IgM
HCV and HIV
Dengue,NS1 Ag
5.Interpretation of culture results correlating
with Gram stain findings;
The T.N. Dr. M.G.R.Medical University II MBBS Microbiology Syllabus
C 7
Applied microbiology
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7
URINARY
List of potential pathogens causing
1.Sterile pyuria, 2. Asymptomatic
1.Specific preventive
TRACT
community acquired UTI,
bacteriuria 3. Examination of
measures for the
INFECTIONS
Pathogenesis of Ascending and descending
centrifuged urine for pus cells,
prevention of Heath
UTI and Catheter associated UTI
leukoesterase & nitrate reductase
care associated UTI
Instructions to the patients for getting -Clean
rapid tests to detect pyuria and
catch midstream urine samples; Sterile
bacteriuria respectively
Collection containers ; Collection of urine from 4. Prostatitis 5. Aseptic collection of
urinary catheters (CAUTI)
urine through supra pubic puncture.
direct Gram Stain examination of non-
centrifuged urine for pyuria & bacteriuria
Culture of urine, antimicrobial susceptibility
testing & interpretation of culture results .
The T.N. Dr. M.G.R.Medical University II MBBS Microbiology Syllabus
C 7
Applied microbiology
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8
BLOOD
1.Indications for blood culture: Typhoid
1.Automated blood culture system
Fungal blood culture
STREAM
fever, Infective endocarditis (Acute and sub-
and antimicrobial susceptibility system using Isolator blood
INFECTIONS
acute) Meningitis, meningococcemia,
2. Biphasic medium for blood culture
collection system
pneumonia, acute osteomyelitis, septicemia, 3. Anaerobic blood culture
Health care associated infections -Blood
stream infections & nosocomial pneumonia
2. List of bacteria causing bacteremia: S.
typhi, S. paratyphi A & B Group D
streptococci, Pneumococci, group A and B
beta hemolytic streptococci, H. influenzae, S.
aureus, Coagulase negative staphylococci,
enterococci, enterobacteriaceae etc.,
3.Blood culture method : time of collection
of specimens, site of collection, Culture media
(aerobic and anaerobic containing sodium
polyanenthol sulphonate) ,volume of blood to
be inoculated -infants, children, adults, Strict
asepsis during collection & transport of
samples to the laboratory. Incubation
time (7-10 days), Interpretation of the
pathogenicity of the isolate & AST
The T.N. Dr. M.G.R.Medical University II MBBS Microbiology Syllabus
C 7
Applied microbiology
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9
RESPIRATORY
Etiology, Clinical features and differentiation of Throat swab Culture and
AFB culture for M. tb
TRACT
Viral and bacterial respiratory tract infections
identification for Group A Beta
and biochemical
INFECTIONS
Otitis media: Pathogens involved-
hemolytic streptococci using blood
identification
Pneumococci, H, influenzae, and M.
agar and bacitracin susceptibility
catarrhalis, specimen collection
testing
Nucleic acid
Pharyngitis : Viral : Parainfluenza, RSV ,
Sputum culture : indications,
amplification tests
Influenza viruses
instructions for collection of sputum
(Xpert Gene and Line
Bacterial : Beta hemolytic Group A
with minimal contamination of saliva
probe assay ) in the
streptococci
and biosafety precautions;Wide mouth detection of M.tb
plastic containers Quality assessment organism and MDRT
Pneumonia (community acquired) ; List of
of sputum for culture with Gram
bacterial pathogens: Pneumococci,
stained smear; Culture media ;
Influenzae, and M. catarrhalis; Pul.TB
Identification of Pneumococci by
Nosocomial : S.aureus, Pseudomonas
Optochin susceptibility testing and
aeruginosa and Acinetobacter, etc.,
AST Real
Pulmonary Tuberculosis : AFB microscopy
time PCR for influenza A
-Ziehl- Neelsen and Auramine (fluorescent
-indications.
stain );biosafety in sample collection, staining,
Reading and interpretation .
Interpretation of Culture report correlating with
Gram smear
10
PYREXIA OF
Definition in adults and children
UNKNOWN ORIGIN
List of pathogens causing PUO
Lab diagnosis & antimicrobial treatment
The T.N. Dr. M.G.R.Medical University II MBBS Microbiology Syllabus
C 7
Applied microbiology
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11 MENINGITIS
1.Definition of meningitis and encephalitis
Lumbar puncture and col ection of
1.Rapid Antigen
2.List of pathogens causing meningitis:
CSF
detection tests using
Pneumococci, H. influenzae and
Contraindications for collection of CSF latex agglutination
Meningococci 3.Neonatal meningitis : Group
Isolation and identification using
B streptococci, Escherichia coli and Listeria
blood, chocolate (5% CO2) &
monocytogenes
MacConkey media and biochemical
4.Rapid Gram stained smear examination of
reactions; Optochin sensitivity, factor
centrifuged / non-centrifuged (when the
X, V, XV dependent growth test for H.
sample volume <1ml) CSF
influenzae
5.Giemsa stain: for study of inflammatory cells
(neutrophils and lymphocytes )
6.Differentiation of viral and bacterial
meningitis through CSF findings
12
Sexually
1.STI : Syphilis, Gonorrhea, chancroid ,
1.Culture of urethral and cervical
1.Chlamydial antigen
transmitted
Granuloma inguinale, Herpes simplex genital
exudate for Gonococci using Amies
detection and Real
Infections
infection, Lympho-granuloma Venereum,
charcoal transport medium and
time PCR for
bacterial vaginosis BV, Trichomoniasis,
selective Thayer martin culture
chlamydiae
Human papilloma virus infection , HIV,HBV medium
2. Real time PCR for
2..HIV and Coinfection with other STI
2.Public Health aspects-syndromic
HPV
-implications
approach
3.Microscopy: Direct Gram smear vaginal
smear for BV; Saline wet mount of vaginal
exudate for Trichomonas vaginalis ; Gram
smear of urethral and cervical discharge for
gonococci; Tzank smear for Herpes simplex ;
Papanicolou smear
3.RPR and Specific Treponema antibody
The T.N. Dr. M.G.R.Medical University II MBBS Microbiology Syllabus
C 7
Applied microbiology
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tests; HBSAg test
4.Rapid HIV antibody tests : Counselling,
Test strategies, window period &
Interpretation of tests
13
Skin & Soft tissue 1.Cellulitis, Abscess, carbuncle, impetigo,
Anaerobic culture of exudate from
Infections
ulcer, necrotizing fasci tis Surgical site
deep seated abscess
infection,
2.List
MRSA
of Pathogens: S. aureus, beta hemolytic
Group A streptococci, Enterococci,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Escherichia coli,
Proteus sp, atypical mycobacteria
3. Specimen: exudate by aspiration, and
swabs with minimal contamination by normal
flora and colonizers of the wound 4. Direct
Gram smear examination, culture and AST &
Interpretation of culture
report .
14
ZOONOSES
1.Definition; WHO classification of zoonoses;
Prevention and control of rabies in
Surveillance of
2.List of Bacterial ,Viral ,Parasitic and Fungal
animals
Zoonoses : Plague ,
zoonoses 3.Zoonoses of clinical & public
Japanese
health importance in India : e.g. Leptospirosis,
encephalitis ;
Anthrax, Plague, Rabies, Influenza A,
Japanese encephalitis, toxoplasmosis,
echinococcosis, Taeniasis, KFD
The T.N. Dr. M.G.R.Medical University II MBBS Microbiology Syllabus
C 7
Applied microbiology
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15
DIARRHOEA &
1.List of Pathogens causing infectious
1.Aeromonas spp; P. shigelloides; Y.
1.ELISA for the
FOOD
diarrhoea poisoning; ,
enterocolitica ;Listeria mono-
detection of
POISONING
Vibrio spp. Salmonella serotypes; Shigella
cytogenes (rare); Clostridium
exotoxins .
spp. Campylobacter spp; Diarrhoeagenic
perfringens;
2.Molecular
Escherichia coli ( EHEC;EPEC; ETEC; EIEC; 2.Steps in the Investigation an
diagnostic tools to
EAEC;STEC) & C. difficile;
outbreak of food poisoning :
detect foodborne
2.Preformed toxin mediated :
3.Food hygiene and safety
pathogens like
Diarrhoeagenic E.coli
1)S.aureus; 2) B.cereus;3) C.botulinum
3. Specimens to be subjected for culture of
enteric pathogen
1.Stool/rectal swab in Caryblair ;
2.Suspected food transported in cold chain
The T.N. Dr. M.G.R.Medical University II MBBS Microbiology curriculum & Syllabus
D
Teaching methodology
PR
ACTICAL SYLLABUS
A.Laboratory biosafety
B.Microscopy -Handling & maintenance of light microscope
C.Gram Stain ? Principles and procedure of Grams stain demonstration followed by hands on exercise ; Examination and interpretation of
Direct Gram smear of clinical specimens : pus,urine, CSF,sputum
D.Special Stains ? 1)Acid fast staining-instructions for sputum collection with biosafety precautions, importance of sputum quality, role of
AFB stain in the RNTCP program principles of staining, procedure and demonstration of AFB from sputum specimen. Hands on exercise :
staining, examination and reporting
2) Albert stain -Demonstration
E. Demonstration of motility by Hanging drop
F. Demonstration of culture media / methods
G. Demonstration of sterilization and disinfection techniques : 1.Autoclave: equipment
operation and monitoring; methods of packing; indicators of sterilization and visit to
Central sterile supply department. 2. Hot air oven : Operation and use
H : Systematic bacteriology? Identification of the pathogen from the given clinical material
The T.N. Dr. M.G.R.Medical University II MBBS Microbiology curriculum & Syllabus
D
Teaching methodology
based on Gram stain, cultural characters and biochemical tests ; Demonstration of
antimicrobial susceptibility testing by disc diffusion method
I : Immunology ? Blood collection and separation of serum ;Demonstration & discussion
principles of the serological tests, methods, reading and interpretation of the following tests:
Widal, Non treponemal Rapid Plasma Reagin test, ELISA for HIV antibody and HBSAg
Latex agglutination : rheumatoid factor, anti streptolysin
Demonstration : Rapid Tests and various strategies in HIV testing;
Rapid Antigen detection tests in malaria
F: Parasitology ?
1)Stool examination; Saline and iodine preparation, Direct and concentration techniques;
Demonstration of normal constituents, cysts and trophozoites of Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia gamblia ; ova of Ascaris lumbricoides,
Ankylostoma duodenale, eggs of Taenia solium
2) finger prick blood col ection and making of thick and thin smears: Giemsa/JSB staining for malarial parasites demonstration and
examination of various stages of P. falciparum and P. vivax.
3) Demonstration of microfilariae
G: Applied Microbiology:
Demonstration and discussion of specimen collection-blood, urine, CSF, throat swab, exudates, sputum ,BAL bronchial aspirates
Demonstration and hands on hand Hygiene :Hand washing and Hand rub
Demonstration of Personal protective equipments and Biomedical waste management
NO
THEORY : TOPICS
NUMBER OF HOURS TO BE DEDICATED
The T.N. Dr. M.G.R.Medical University II MBBS Microb
D io
id lo
ac g
t y cu
ic
rriculum & Sylla
Integr
bu
ated s
125
D
Tea
ching m
ethodology
seminar
1
General Microbiology
12
4
2
Immunology
14
...
3
Systematic Bacteriology
28
2
G METHODOLOGY
4
Virology
18
4
5
Mycology
10
6
Parasitology
12
2
7
Applied Microbiology
7
12
Total
101
24
PRACTICALS
Demonstratio
Hands on
Other
125
n
exercise
activity
(Tutorial)
1
General instructions & Laboratory
2
.....
....
biosafety
2
Microscopy: Handling
2
1
1
&Examination
2
Gram's Stain : Making smears
4
6
1
from colony, heat fixation, staining
&examination;Direct Gram smear
examination of clinical specimen
3
Demonstration of motility by hanging 2
.....
....
drop
4
Sterilization
& Disinfection &
4
...
..
2 (Visit
infection control
to
The T.N. Dr. M.G.R.Medical University II MBBS Microbiology curriculum & Syllabus
D
Teaching methodology
The T.N. Dr. M.G.R.Medical University II MBBS Microbiology curriculum & Syllabus
E
Internal Assessment and Medical Ethics
Theory Question Paper Pattern
Exam. Category
No. of Questions Marks
1. Essay
1 x 10 marks = 10
2. Brief answers
6 x 4 marks = 24
3 Short answers
6 x 1 marks = 6
----
Total 40
----
The above pattern is to be implemented from February 2018 onward
PRACTICAL EVALUATION
The TN Dr. M.G.R. Medical University Microbiology II M.B.B.S Practical Examination Format with exercises and marks distribution.
S.No:
Name of the Exercise
Procedure&
Iden fica on
Interpreta on&
Time
Total
Observa on
Discussion
1
Gram's Staining15
1.5
1.5
15
3
2
Acid Fast Staining20
1.5
1.5
20
3
3
Stool Examina on10
1.5
1.5
10
3
4
Bacterial Culture Iden fica on10
1.5
1.5
10
3
The T.N. Dr. M.G.R.Medical University II MBBS Microbiology curriculum & Syllabus
E
Internal Assessment and Medical Ethics
5
Immunoserology10
1.5
1.5
10
3
6
Spo ers10
5
10
5
7
OSPE :10
1)5 sta ons 1 mark each
5
General bacteriology-1;Systema c bacteriology-1;virology-1;applied
microbioloigy-1; mycology-1;
2)One of the exercises may be tes ng of skills for e.g., .hand hygiene .
3.To be carried out in the prac cal session
4.To iden fy the par cular clinical scenario or picture or photograph and answer
three ques on of clinical or microbiological importance related to the par cular
topic
5.Marks can be distributed according to the ques ons.
Key ques on : 0.5 mark; Two ques ons : 0.25 mark each
6.Answer keys have to be provided to the examiners.
7.Ambiquous ques ons have to be avoided.
Total
25
Viva Voce :
The T.N. Dr. M.G.R.Medical University II MBBS Microbiology curriculum & Syllabus
E
Internal Assessment and Medical Ethics
Internal Assessment Scheme for II MBBS Microbiology
Students come
Tenta ve Month
Por ons
into the II year in
the third week of
October and the
protocol for IA is
as
follows
:THEORY
SCHEDULES.No
.
1.
December
General Microbiology
2.
March
Immunology
3.
May
Protozoalogy
4.
July
Helminthology
5.
August
Systema c Bacteriology ? I
(Staphylococcus upto Nonsporing anaerobes)
6.
September
Systema c bacteriology II
(Escherichia coli upto Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
7.
October first week
Systema c bacteriology III
The T.N. Dr. M.G.R.Medical University II MBBS Microbiology curriculum & Syllabus
E
Internal Assessment and Medical Ethics
(Mycobacterium leprae upto Chlamydia)
8.
October last week
Virology I (Introduc on to virology to Paramyxoviruses)
S.No.
T 9.
OPIC
November
MARKS
Virology II (Arboviruses upto HIV)
1.
10
Gen .eral Bacteriology & N
im o
m v
u e
n m
ol be
ogyr. end
4
Mycology
2.
Systema c Bacteriology
4
11.
December first week
Applied Microbiology Seminars
3.
Vi12
ro .logy & Applied Micr Dec
obiol e
o m
gy ber 3rd to 4th week
4
Model Exams as per University pa ern
4.
Parasitology & Mycology
3
Total
15
The T.N. Dr. M.G.R.Medical University II MBBS Microbiology curriculum & Syllabus
E
Internal Assessment and Medical Ethics
1.The questions can be structured i.e. sets of questions with answer keys can be prepared and given to the examiners in each topic. This
can make the oral examination fairly uniform and objective similar to OSPE. Multiple sets of questions may be prepared to avoid monotony.
2.Questions of reasoning type are preferred to recall type of questions.
Laboratory Record
1.The record can have standard instructions for the particular procedure for g., Gram stain to maintain uniformity in the hands on practical
2.Excercises in the form of Questions that are reasoning type with clinical orientation can be asked at the end of each exercise.
3.The records have to be periodically checked by the staff and included in the formative assessment.
4.The students are expected to complete the documentation of the exercises and submitted for the formative assessment
Record should be followed as recommended by the University
1.Internal Assessment can be sent to the University in 6 terms of 3 months each. The assessment has to be submitted on or before 15th
day of the following term .The following are the methods and topics for formative assessment .The methods except seminar/symposium have to be
uniformly applied to all terms.
The T.N. Dr. M.G.R.Medical University II MBBS Microbiology curriculum & Syllabus
E
Internal Assessment and Medical Ethics
Forma ve assessment
I term September
II term- January to
III term-May to
IV term-September to
Percentage
methods
to December
April
August
December
of total
assessment
General
Systema c
Virology, Mycology.
Parasitology, Applied
Bacteriology,
Bacteriology I&II
Microbiology
Immunology,
1.Par cipa on in
At least 1 seminar/symposium per student throughout the course
10
Seminar/symposia
The TN Dr. M.G.R. Medical
University Microbiology II
M.B.B.S Medical Ethics :
2.Asssignment in topics of
1
1
1
1
10
clinical or public health
1.Definition of Ethics :
importance
Medical ethics is a
3.Tutorials/Group discussion
1
1
1
1
10
compilation of moral
4.Theory : wri en test & Viva
2
2
2
2
40
voce
principles that apply
5.Prac cals :
1.Microscopy
1.Acid Fast Staining
1.Stool Examina on
1.Fungal culture
values and judgments to
Iden fica on
the practice of medicine
A. Group discussion
2.Gram's Staining
2.Bacterial Culture
2.Immunoserology-II
30
Iden fica on
? ASO,RF,CRP & ELISA
2.Applied microbiology
and govern the
B. Objec ve type ques ons
3.Steriliza on
&Disinfec on
3.Immunoserology-I
professional and personal
C. Hands on assessment
-Widal, RPR
conduct of all students
4.Biomedical waste
D.OSPE
management
and staff of the
institution .As a scholarly
discipline, medical
ethics encompasses its practical application in clinical settings as well as work on its history, philosophy, and sociology. The medical ethics
The T.N. Dr. M.G.R.Medical University II MBBS Microbiology curriculum & Syllabus
E
Internal Assessment and Medical Ethics
inspire the professionals to become the most honorable ideals. Besides medical ethical guidelines direct the students, doctors and other
staff to act with ethical reasoning.
2.Ethical Reasoning
1. The problem: Identification and understanding the problem. for e.g. diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis by x- ray chest without doing
sputum microscopy. As the X-ray findings -shadows is not specific for tuberculosis there will be over diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis
which is ethically not acceptable as the wrong diagnosis can lead to unnecessary mental agony and stigma to the patient.
2. Information: Collection of right information relevant for the clinical diagnosis is very important for the diagnosis of infectious diseases of
clinical and public health importance -for example, Dengue fever - fever and duration , body ache, headache, vomiting, complete blood
examination, platelets count ,positive tourniquet test duration, are important clinical and laboratory features one should try to elicit from the
patient to assess the severity of the illness and thereby preventing the patient going for severe dengue which in turn will prevent mortality.
Failure to collect relevant epidemiological data especially in a case of fever may lead to delay in the diagnosis of falciparum malaria as early
diagnosis is very critical for the prevention of life threatening cerebral malaria that can occur rapidly and cause mortality. This is ethically
unacceptable as there is an effective therapy available.
3. Options. The various options available for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention have to be considered in each patient depending
upon the accuracy of the diagnostic test, cost of the test, and the equipment. For example, In the diagnosis of multidrug resistant
Tuberculosis, the options available are : AFB Culture and molecular diagnostic tools such as line probe assay and realtime PCR multiplex
Tuberculosis .However for the benefit of the patient either line probe assay or the real time PCR assay (CBNAAT) is the best option .Though
the tests are costly the molecular tests are cost effective in terms of early diagnosis of MDRT.
The T.N. Dr. M.G.R.Medical University II MBBS Microbiology curriculum & Syllabus
E
Internal Assessment and Medical Ethics
The treatment options based on the suitability, cost, adverse reactions for e.g., treatment of community acquired urinary tract
infections due to E.coli susceptible to many antimicrobials including with locally & systemically acting drugs .The best option is treatment
with locally acting urinary antiseptics as they will not cause adverse reactions encountered during intake of systemically acting drugs.
Consider all available reasonable options, choices and/or actions under the circumstance which you can apply to solve the problem. The
goal is to do the right thing at the right time.
4.Ethical issues in the laboratory :
A. Maintenance of confidentiality of laboratory test results: The maintenance of confidentiality is very important for the laboratory to gain
confidence from the clients of the laboratory. Generally the results are conveyed to the clients who inturn will convey the results to the
treating professional .in some cicumstances the laboratory may have to convey the results directly to the treating physician for management
purpose. Maintenance of the confidentiality is mandatory in certain tests like HIV testing as the results may lead to alienation from the family
thus causing mental agony to the client.
Counselling has to be given both before and after testing in HIV /AIDS setting as the results may lead to sometimes suicides .Besides the
spouse and the partner also have to be counselled to facilitate the process of antiretroviral treatment that will definitely prolong the survival
of the patient.
The T.N. Dr. M.G.R.Medical University II MBBS Microbiology curriculum & Syllabus
E
Internal Assessment and Medical Ethics
Consent from the patient: Written consent has to be always obtained from the patient for any procedure that can potentially harm the
individual particularly invasive techniques. All research scholars should get clearance from the institutional ethical committee before any
study involving the patients. The consent has to be obtained always in the local language.
The T.N. Dr. M.G.R.Medical University II MBBS Microbiology curriculum & Syllabus
F
Internal Assessment & University Exam Marks Distribution pattern
INTERNAL ASSESSMENT : 30 Marks
Theory: 15 Marks
Practical and viva voce: 10 Marks
Record-5 marks
Total: 30 Marks
NB: Each Lecture class will be of one hour duration only; Each Practical class will be for 2 hours duration only; Applied and Clinical Microbiology are to
be dealt by problem based learning methods
The T.N. Dr. M.G.R.Medical University II MBBS Microbiology curriculum & Syllabus
F
Internal Assessment & University Exam Marks Distribution pattern
Recommended Text Books :.
a) Text Book of Microbiology 9th edition by Ananthanarayan and Paniker
b) Medical Microbiology by David Greenwood - 18th edition
c) Medical microbiology by Jawetz-27th edition
d) Medical microbiology by Murray 2015 edition
E) PRESCOTT'S MICROBIOLOGY ? 2014 EDITION BY J
OANNE WILLEY
f) Review of Medical Microbiology and Immunology2014 by Warren Leviinson
g) Immunology by Donald Weir 8 th edition
h) Essential Immunology by I.M.Roitt 12 th edition
i) Parasitology by K.D. Chatterjee
- 13th edition
j) Textbook of Medical Parasitology: Protozoology and Helminthology 4th edition S.C. Parija
Reference books :
k) Topley and Wilson's microbiology and microbial infections 10th edition-8 vol
l) District laboratory practice in tropical counties-second edition 2 volumes (practical)
m) Textbook Of Practical Microbiology Paperback ? 29 Mar 2007 by Subhash Chandra Par-
ija
n) Harrisons principles of internal medicine 19th edition
o) Principles and Practice of infectious diseases 9th edition-Mandell and Douglas
p) Kuby immunology- 8th edition
q) Cellular & molecular immunology, Abbas litchman
This post was last modified on 02 July 2021