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Download PG Medical 2nd Year Pathology Liver Handwritten Notes

Download PG Medical ( Post Graduate Medical degree) 2nd Year Pathology Liver Handwritten Notes

This post was last modified on 02 August 2021

Medical PG Handwritten Notes 1st Year, 2nd Year, 3rd Year and 4th Year (Study Material)


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Portal Triad.

Z3-pericentral

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Z2-midzonal (yellow)

Z1-periportal

Toxin-Induced

Injury ? Zone-1

Infection - Red infarct > white infarct.

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Chronic passive congestion ? Nutmeg liver.

Periportal: Congestion

Pericentral

Necrosis

Visible hepatocytes

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Dead cell

Yellow-tan

Dark Red.

Due to RBC congestion.

Chronic active

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Chronic Persistent

Limiting plate

Limiting plate

Limiting plate

Damage

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Single layer of cells

By lymphocytes

Around portal Triad.

Intact.

Chronic Hepatitis

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Autoimmune Hepatitis

Acute

Chronic

Ballooning

Ground glass.

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Bridging necrosis

HBsAg

Councilman Bodies.

Hyaline cells / Shikata cells.

Bridging necrosis

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Bridging necrosis

<<< (all other in chronic)

Only centro-Portal

Fibrosis

Fatty change, Piecemeal

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Necrosis

(m/c intracellular accumulation)

In human body

Foam TGL

Steatosis

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Microvesicular

Macrovesicular

Early alcoholic

Phosphorus Toxicity

Late alcoholic

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Reye's Syndrome

Obese

ICc

DNT

Lysosomal lipase deficiency

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TPN

Jejunoileal bypass surgery

Valproic acid Tetracycline malnutrition

Autoimmune Hepatitis - Female

> IgG - all other markers (1)

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? Responds well to Immunosuppressants

I

II

III

?

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Anti-LKM

Soluble liver Agth

ab.

Liver Kidney

muscle...

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ANA-m/sensitive

I - Hep-c.

?SMTA-

most/specific.

II - Drugs.

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III - Hep-D.

1) Excellent fibrosis

2) Hepatic Rosette.

3) Emperipolesis

Hep-C characteristic Histopath: Liver Biopsy

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1) Councilman bodies.

2) Portal tract-lymphoid aggregate (III- LN Tissue)

Hep-B Serology

Earliest marker - HbsAg

Best epidemiological - HbsAg

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I) Best Acute infection - IgM Anti-body HBC.

Best for window period.

III) Infectivity- HBeAg

Qualitative marker for viral Replication.

Quantitative - HBV DNA > HEV DNA polymerase.

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HBeAg ? anti HBeAb: Seroconversion.

Super Carrier

Simple Carrier.

HbsAg ?; HBeAg ?

HbsAg ?

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HBV-DNA ?.

HBeAg (-).

HBV-DNA (N) - mild elevation

Pre-Core mutant ? Risk of Cirrhosis / HCC :

Liver Tumors

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m/c liver tumor - Metastasis (from ColoRectal)

m/c Benign tumor - Cavernous Hemangioma

? malignancy (adult) ? HCC (Hepatoma)

? malignancy Pediatric ? Hepatoblastoma :

Spleen

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m/c malignancy

m/c tumor

Marginal zone B cell

Hemangioma

Lymphoma.

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m/c Cause of isolated splenic mets: Ovarian tumor.

m/c for splenic mets- melanoma (m/c Cause)

Tumor cells

Glomeruloid

Schiller duval body

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Yolk Sac tumor

Granulosa Cell Tumor

? estrogen - endometrial Ca.

Reinke's Crystal - Hilus cell tumor

Rokintansky Protruberance - Benign Cystic Teratoma

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Rusked malignancy - (1%) Squamous Cell Ca.

Nuclear features-dx.

Papillary Ca of thyroid

1) Optically clear nuclei (orphan annie eye)

(without nuclear chromatin)

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2) Nuclear grooving

3) Pseudo inclusions (Cytoplasm dragged into nucleus)

Rimmed Vacuoles - Inclusion Body

(Basophilic staining) myositis.

Target Fibers - Denervation atrophy (Motor neuron disease)

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Basophilic Hue of Regenerating muscle fibre

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Nemaline Rod myopathy

E-NT Z-like Structures / Zelba Bodies

made up of a-actinin

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Floppy infant, Rod like structures on special stain

Intermittent muscular weakness - mitochondrial myopathy

muscle fibres

Ragged

Red-Ragged myofibres

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Red-damaged mitochondria

E-MT ? Packing of inclusions

Mitochondrial myopathy.

Onion bulb neuropathy

Segmental myelination & demyelination

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? CIDP- Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy

? Charcot-Marie tooth disease

Urine examination-

? EMC crystal - Calcium oxalate.

Shape - Calcium oxalate

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Envelope - Calcium oxalate Dihydrate

Coffin shaped - Triple phosphate.

Muddy casts + Calcium Oxalate ? ethylene glycol poisoning

Papsmear

? Superficial cells ? estrogenic phase

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Intermediate cells ? Progesterone phase.

Parabasal

Basal

Trichomonas Vaginalis. Leptothrix than filament

elongated nuclei

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Bacilli

when leptothrix ? Trichomonas usually +ve

Candida-yeast + Hyphae.

Clue cells. Basophilic Border of Squamous cells.

Actinomycetes- Cotton Ball, Sun Ray filaments [H/0-100

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cyto-Blue

Histo pink.

Translucent Vacuole like structures in Squamous cell

? Chlamydial infection

Bullous Pemphigoid ? BpAg2.

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Inflammation- cluster of mast cells.

eosinophils

Through & through Blisters, Ribbon Candy

Dermatitis Herpetiformis - Neutrophils infiltrate

only in dermal Tip

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? dermal Tip hyperimmunofluorescence

ER/PR/positivity

ER, PR IHC ? nuclear IHC positive

Braun-Dau-good prognosis.

Her2-neu- membranous. IHC.

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Bad prognosis.



This download link is referred from the post: Medical PG Handwritten Notes 1st Year, 2nd Year, 3rd Year and 4th Year (Study Material)

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