DATE
Epidemiology :- (John M. Last given definition)
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Agent
Host
Environment
? After marketing approval of drug.
Epi - Among
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demi- people
logy- study
A study of diseases among people
distribut
determints
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frequency.
Time
descriptive
Place
Person
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epidemiology
We all Respiratory disease
Winter
Influenza
Measles
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Asthma-Spring/winter
Mumps
Newest ds. of India
Malasia Lengus monsoon
Rubella
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C. Pox
Congo feves
DM
Polio
Hay feves. - Spring
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HTN
Wintes
HIV
Neonatal
CHDX
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Tetanus
? Influenza Europe Wintes
(exeptr)
India Summer.
July. Sep.
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(Raing)
Congo feves spread by tick bite
3 New ds. of India - Congo fever - 2010 Gojasat
FirstRanker.com winter -2009-Pune.
FirstRanker.comdeust Ca is m/c female Cancer.
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Firstrankerage by Cowww.FirstRanker.com
DATE
(total = 5+1=6 Cases PATE
P1 Strain
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Polia - I case in West bengal.
C: eliminat R.ca. 3 yss Case fisce)
so polio still present in India.
and Vaccine desived ? 5 Cases (P)
Place distribut" :-
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East/Malasia
Bihas/
NE
Kala. Azas WB/UP
Dengue Delhi, Kerala, Bengal, b
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Measles X
C. Pox X
(Guj/ leptospirosis.
Mumbai Pelio
HLV T. Nadu, Maha, Kentute
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A. P., Manipus, Naza
T.B X (Urban= Rusal)
Breast CancesX
Gujasat
H,N,
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Congoleves-
DM
P. Ovale Guj. /delhi/crissa
HTN
Lepsosy Bihas/wB/olkata
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CHD
GoitesX
JEV
west & flucrosis
KED?
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Centisat
Vector
asea
GJ
Culax filasiasis Coastal slates
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mosquito Typhoid X
MP
Maha etc.
Leptospirosis ? Rat Urine - Cut wound
Spread fast in Monsoon.
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Polio UP / Binas.
but Now No place dut.
but globally show
Afghanistan.
as 30/9/11
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Pakistan
Nigesia
and Now India ages
Yellow feves doesn't show place dis. in India.
(Not Presentbret
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? in China 4 Afisica
Onchocesciasis doesn't occus in India
SARS & Bird flu never occused in India.
classmate
Gujas of
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DATE
HIV S. Afisica India in all cities (everywhere)
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HIN spreading by Aispost (International)
mainly in Metiso city.
* 2 countsies can't contisol it (Endemic)
-India and NZ.
Leprosy eliminated means. ? WHO
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<1 case / 10000 (India-2005)
SO Eliminated fisom India but still present
Goites was place distribut" 1995
after that iodized Salt introduced but
in Gufasal - Kesala Nof following it.
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JE (Japanese Encephalitis) in 28 State
?
>80% Gorakhpus & UP.
& 7 UTS
Kyansanpus Forest ds. transmit by ticks
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mainly in Karnalaka.
Respiratory ds. doesn't show place distribut
Hep A is m/c Hepatitis in India.
m/c Hepalitis in Pregnant ? Hep. A
Hep. & Highest mostality in Pregnancy Hep.E
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Respiratory diseases ?don't show Sexual
(Mumps, Measles, Rubella dist sibul"
Firstranker's choice
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DATE
Person distribut"
*Age *
Jafter 40
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CHO
733%-DM al
>50%-HTN
-740
99% Measles
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Cases in
Cancer any Age (755)
Cataract (80-90%) after 55
OA/OP/OM> 40 ?.
food Poisoning X
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Mumps -5-gys.
TB, Leprosy
-0-Syl
Polio
6m-3ys.C. Pox Scrool
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H, N, X
NNT
* Measles practically can't Occul before 6 month.
passive immunity (Ig) fisom mothes.
Mumps -school.
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R
? HIV) incubat"
? C. Pox.
? 10 yeass so show Pesson dist
Commonest Reposted in 30-44 ys.
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but can occus at any Age
SLE vf
14. M Breast Ca?
Mortality Hep A X 2 food. Wates
11 in Hep EXJ
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Lung Can
CHDM
DM M
HTN ? f
Rubella
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C. Pox
() 1:7) ? HIV/f in India = 3:2
H.N
Measles X
(if not
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Malasia X
food Poisoning
Reparted)
Dengue X
Typheid
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cholesa
Cesvical-Ca X
Polio
BPH X only Seen
Stomach Ca M
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Osal.Ca M
in Male
TB X
So called
RA?
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Ser Restricted
OP/OA/OM-ut
ds.
Goites/Thyroidne females
Male ? Renal Stones
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Firstranker's choice
DATE
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(Place distribut")
+ Stomach. Ca Highest globally in Japan
: SMOKED fish Ninosamines.
? m/c Stomach. Ca Alcoholism everywhere
so don't show Place distisibut".
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47% Males & 21% female & Smokes in India.
30% doctosS 3 Smokes in India
? Determinants : (Causative Agent)
Ot
+
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Congo feves Naiso Virus Doc = Ribavirin.
XPigs cause Swine filu
X Pigs have Role in Transmission.
now called H, N, typo. A Influenza
frequency
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Prevallance (New+old)
Incidence
(New Cases)
Tools of Measurement of
A
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Rate
a
X 1000
- I'AR, Incidence.
b
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10000
100000
Ratio =
60
both Unselated = MMR, CSR, SR
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b
Pro post =
(ax
a x 100 ? % - Prevalance, CER
b
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Infant Mostality Rate =
No. of Infant death X 1000
total No. of Live Bisth
classmate
Past of
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denominator.
PAGE
SA IMR of Japanistanker.com
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developed <10
developing >10 (40-100) DATE
Infant Mortality Rate include astrol
Easly ENNMR-0-7d
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Pesi ?28 wk - 7 days Post delivery
PNMR
Late LNNMR - 8.28d
Post PNNMR-29d-1ys.
B. Asphyxia
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B. injusy
S-Intisanatal Causes of Perinatal Mostality Ex.
Obst. Labous
ans.? Antepastum Hemo:
India Now 50
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IMR = (17) mecuns. if 1000 livebisth 47 die
m/c/c of IMR / Low birth wtt.
2nd Prematurity 1st
Hypoglycemis
Hypothermia
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0-12
month
0-6 m
6-12 m
?
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x Diasshea
PEM
Pneumonia ?
X PEM
mick
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Yiassheam/c/c of Us
USMR
• Pneumonia)m/c/c of
Low Bisth Wt IMR in India.
death (JMR)
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in world
m 1 ys max death in 1 month
Rule of I
fas IMR
1st day - I week
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1st hs.
** m/c/c of death in Developed Countisies
(IMR)
is ? Congenital
? Maternal Mostality Rate = No. of Maternal death
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/ Live Bisth
× 10000
classmate FirstRanker.comcorrelated:
Firstranker's choice
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Maternal death all Pregnancy
m/c/c of MMR
PPH
Labour / Delivesy
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? <42 days Post delivery
m/c disect Cause of MMR ? PPH
m/c indisect Cause ? Anemia > Sepsis
MMR in India 212 (MMR is Ratio)
means 212 death pes 100,000 live bisths.
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Incidence No. of New Cases X1000
Total Populat" Risk
Prevalance New total cases X 100
total Populat
Propost
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? Prevalance of TB infect" 40% 100 populat
40s infected
? Infectivity Entery & Multiplicat" High
fos HIV infect" = 0,29%
Sex Ratio No. of f ×1000
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(Ratio) No. of M
SR India 940 No. of female/1000
2011 male
total populat = 10000 d M: F = 1:1
Sex Ralio 1
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10 ×1000
50 120
500 ans = 1000 ~
5000
total $ = 5000 50%
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ClASSMAte
Firstranker's choice
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Statal P = 10000
M:F = 3:2
SR = 1500 true / false
? its false
1500 F / 1000 mate.
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Q-Total P = 10000
SP <1000
M <500
F <500
M < 5000
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? F < 5000-ans.
Child Sex
ICSRRatio
0-6 ys.
X1000
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M
CSR-India ? 914 Ch Highest Mizoram = 971
Lowest Haryana = 830
CER = Case fatality Rate No. of death X100
Proport" % No. of Cases
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CER of Rabies 100%
? less dangesous Telanus, YE, M. imenigitis 80%
35% •JE, Congo fever
Measles -3%
C. Pox 1%
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Hep. A - 0.1%
HIN, - 1%
QA Case fatality Rate Visulence of Causative &
Killing powes of ds.
Lethality of ds.
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Generated by CamScanner
ClASSMAte
Firstranker's choice
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2027 - 80 Lung.
2012 -
wese Smoking Lung Ca
FirstRanker.com 80 FirstRanker.com
DATE
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?Smoking Lung Ca
Callse ? effect
Risk factor disease
Ex posuse outcome
Epidemiological Studies.
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Observational
in Mcq its not
Epidemio. Study.
Experimental
Descriptive
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Analytical
(Interventional
Hypothesis
H. Testing
H. confirmat"
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(H.) formulath
time, Place, Pesson
Cohort study
RCT (Randomize
Contisol tosial
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Case Control"
Cross Sectional"
Clinical
field"
Ecological "
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Community "
Cahost Study
? Care Control Study
2012-100 Smokes
2 groups
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Exposed
Exposed
Non-
2027 - 80 lung Ca.
exposed
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now
- wait for ocesance of
#also take 100 Non-Smokes
Some ds. in both gp
And Compase.
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Non of 20-27 Mong. Ca.
exposed
40
10
Strength of Associat" =
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Dalaliva FirstRanker.comidence in Exposed
FirstRanker.com of Ind
Firstranker's choice Cohost Bea for study ?2
Not
DATE
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(RR)
Relative Risk = 8 means 8 time Highes
chance of getting
(Risk Ratio)
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RR > 1 (+) Associat Present.
RR = 1 No Associath (b/w Smoking.
RR <1 ? (+) Associat "Pres and
Risk factor is Protective.
(Invesse / Negalive Associat")
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all Risk fator exept :-
CS1 RR Smoking - Lung - Ca = 8
CSI RR- Ais poll. - = 3.6
XCS RR Milk = 1
Risk factors
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9 out of 5000 tsuck dsives who we mobil
500 met accident in 2006
Not
who use mobile
3000
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Don't
do it
(100 met accident ? in 2006
ie 500/5000 = 3
ine 100/3000
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RR? =
5
0.20
3
0.33
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1
if 500 = RR=0.6
What is
500/5000 x-?
/3000
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incidence Among exposed = 10 2
..." Non-exposed = 5
GRR=2
Cohort Study ? forward looking
(othes Names) Prospective study
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Cause to effect Study
Risk fact, to disease Study
Exposwe to outcome Study
classmate
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Firstranker's choice
Cohort Study
?FRAMINGHAM Heast Study
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? 1948 - in framingham Town.
? Age = 30-62 yss
Total 4469
?
pessor
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? incidence of CHD every 2 years.
? Cohort Study
Case Contisol study :-
ds Heathy
Smoking (Case) --- Content provided by FirstRanker.com --- 2 gps (70) (100) 1997-? diseased --- Content provided by FirstRanker.com --- Cases Smoking < (Control) Healthy 10 --- Content provided by FirstRanker.com --- 100 Non- diseased conteul Strength of Associat":- --- Content provided by FirstRanker.com --- Odds Ratio not RR = ie X ine we ask H/o --- Content provided by FirstRanker.com --- Same Exposuse In Both gps.& ad 70x90 Compase. --- Content provided by FirstRanker.com --- v (OR) = = 21. bc 10×30 Cross Product --- Content provided by FirstRanker.com --- 3*Casual Ratio Associath OR >1 Associat Present OR =1 No Associat" --- Content provided by FirstRanker.com --- OR <1 Protective Disease Present (Cases) Absent + --- Content provided by FirstRanker.com --- 70 a 10 b Risk factor 30 C --- Content provided by FirstRanker.com --- go d (Sroking) atc b+d --- Content provided by FirstRanker.com --- FirstRanker.com CHD Firstranker's choice FirstRanker.conant 2 FirstRanker.com H/o Alcohol + 30 --- Content provided by FirstRanker.com --- 20 2.5 - 20 30 --- Content provided by FirstRanker.com --- 2.25 900 400 ? Alcoholics have 2.25 time Highes Chances than Non- Alcoholics. --- Content provided by FirstRanker.com --- ? Case Contisol Study TROHOC Study. Cohost S?Lung Ca --- Content provided by FirstRanker.com --- 2012 2027 1 Time Consuming 2 Expensive 3 Incidence = RR >>> OR --- Content provided by FirstRanker.com --- (more Accusate) 4 No Recall Bias! 5 Not for Rase ds. 6 Ethical Problem 7 Loss to follow up --- Content provided by FirstRanker.com --- (Atrition) 8 Hawthorne bias (smokers quite Smoking) 9 Multiple outcome can be studies --- Content provided by FirstRanker.com --- This download link is referred from the post: Medical PG Handwritten Notes 1st Year, 2nd Year, 3rd Year and 4th Year (Study Material)
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