Download MBBS Orthopaedics Mnemonic Shortcuts

ORTHOPAEDICS

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Colle's #
Distal Radius - dorsal tilt,Malunion
Smith's #$
Distal Radius - volar tilt

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Galleazi's #
Distal 1/2 of Radius i dislocation f radio-ulnar jt
Night stick #
# shaft of Ulna
Monteggia #

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Proximal 1/2 of ulna i dislocation of radial head
Bennet's #
Base of 1st meta carpal,intra articular
Boxer's #
Neck of 5th meta carpal

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Rolando #
Base of 1st meta carpal,extra articular
Mallet finger
Avulsion tendon from distal phalanx
Hangman's #

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C2 vertebrae-Traumatic
Bumper #
Lateral condyle of Tibia
Cotton #
Trimaleolar ankle #

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Pott's #
Bimaleolar ankle #
Aviators
Neck of Talus
March #

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2nd Metatarsal
Jone's #
Base of 5th Metatarsal
Side sweep/Baby car Elbow inj
Massonaise #

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Neck of Fibula
Pilon #
Neck of Fibula ,intra articular
Straddle #
B/L ischiopubic rami #

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Clay shoveller's #
Avulsion # of spinous process of vertebra

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U-slab/Hanging cast

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# Humerus
Colle's cast
# Distal end radius
Hip spica
# Femur

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Patellar tendon bearing cast
# Tibia
Cylinder (Tube cast)
# Patella
Glass holding cast

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# Scaphoid
Risser's cast or milkwaukee brace
Scoliosis
Minnerva cast
Cervical spine

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1. Nerve grafting is done if nerve gap is more than - 10cms
2. Action of knee joint - Flexion/extension/lateral rotation
3. In posterior dislocation of Hip - Flexion,adduction,internal rotation
4. Common donor nerve used for nerve grafting - Sural nerve
5. MCC of deformity of bone - Fractures

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6. Joint most amenable to manipulate - Knee joint
7. MC donor site for bone grafts - Iliac crest
8. MC joint in human body to dislocate - Shoulder joint
9. MC dislocation at shoulder joint - Anterior
10. MC dislocation at elbow joint - Posterior

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11. MC dislocation at Hip - Posterior
12. MC dislocation at wrist - Lunate
13. MC dislocation at spine - Anterior (C5-C6)
14. Radius head pulled out of annular ligament - Pulled elbow
15. Best Rx of # of forearm bones - Conservative

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16. MC cause of Sudek's dystrophy in UL - Colle's #
17. MC pelvic # - Ischio-pubic rami #
18. B/L ischio-pubic rami # is called as - Straddle #
19. Unsolved # - # neck of femur
20. K-nail is used for - # shaft of femur

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21. Most frequently injured joint - Knee joint
22. Communited # of patella is known as - Stellate #
23. Jefferson's # is # of - Atlas/C1
24. Dense sclerotic bone overlying a sequestrum is - Involucrum

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25. MC complication of Acute osteomyelitis - Chronic osteomyelitis

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26. MC cause of septic arthritis - Staphylococcus aureus
27. Tom smith arthritis is - septic arthritis of infancy
28. MC site of Gonococcal arthritis - Knee joint
29. MC site of bone & joint TB - Spine(Pott's spine)/Hip
30. MC site of spinal TB - Dorso-lumbar region

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31. IOC for TB spine - MRI
32. MC Cause of early onset pott's paraplegia - Abscess
33. MC cause of Hip pain in children in India - TB Hip
34. MC congenital foot deformity - CTEV
35. MC muscle related to CTEV - Tibialis Posterior

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36. MC type of spina bifida - Spina bifida occulta
37. MC primary bone malignancy - Multiple myeloma
38. MC anterior mediastinal tumour - Thymoma
39. 2nd MC primary bone malignancy - Osteosarcoma
40. MC beningn tumour of bone - Osteochondroma

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41. MC metaphyseal tumour - Osteosarcoma
42. MC metabolic bone disease - Osteoporosis
43. MC site of vertebral disc prolapse - L4-L5
44. MC site of cervical spondylosis - C5-C6
45. Dupuytren's contracture is contracture of - Palmar aponeurosis

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46. MC joint affected in rheumatoid arthritis - MP joint(index finger)
47. MC joint affected in gout - MP joint(Great toe)
48. MC cause of Rickets in children in India - Nutritional deficiency
49. Medial epicondylitis - Golfer's elbow
50. Lateral epicondylitis - Tennis elbow

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51. Frozen shoulder is common among - Diabetes
52. Brown's tumour is in - Hyperparathyroidism
53. In fluorosis of bones,there is excess deposition of - Calcium
54. Earliest sign of dental fluorosis - Mottling
55. Orthopedic disorders in dwarf circus jokers - Achondroplasia

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56. Marble bones are in - Osteopetrosis
57. Paget's disease defect - Osteoclasts
58. MC osteochondritis - Perthes disease

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59. MC cause of loose bodies in joints - Osteoarthritis
60. Callus formation in # healing process - 4-12 weeks

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61. Blood loss in pelvic # - 1500-2000ml/4-8 units
62. Blood loss in Femur # - 1000-1500ml
63. ARDS onset 24hrs after injury
64. MC injury to major blood vessel in polytrauma - Popliteal artery
65. MC injury to nerves in polytrauma - Radial nerve

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66. MC operation for non-union - Bone grafting
67. Dinner fork deformity/Carpal tunnel syndrome - Colles' #/Median nerve
68. Gun-stock deformity - Supracondylar # humerus
69. Autogenous bone grafting - Graft from same person(Iliac crest & Fibula)
70. Allogenous bone grafting - Graft from another person

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71. Xeno grafting - Graft from another species
72. Myositis ossificans/Brachial artery injury/Gun-stock deformity/volkman's ischaemia
- Supracondylar # humerus
73. Radial nerve palsy - # shaft of Humerus
74. Axillary nerve palsy - # surgical neck of Humerus

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75. Avascular necrosis is common after a # of - Talus
76. Periostium is attached to bone by - Sharp's fibres
77. Le forte classification is used for - # of Maxilla
78. MC ligament injured in ankle sprain - Anterior Talofibular
79. Bone involved in stress # /March #-2nd Meta tarsal

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80. Bone involved in Jones 3/Dancer's# - 5th Meta tarsal
81. Thurston Holland sign is seen in - Salter harris type ii #
82. Swan neck deformity is seen in - Rheumatoid arthritis
83. Characteristic joint involved in rheumatoid arthritis - Metacarpophalangeal joint
84. Pt with joint pain & back ache.on x-ray spine sacroilitis is seen diagnosis is

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- Ankylosing spondylitis
85. In begining which compartment of knee joint is involved in osteo arthritis
- Medial tibio femoral
86. Bamboo spine appearance - Ankylosing spondylitis
87. Which joint is most commonly affected in Osteo arthritis - Knee

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88. Bone involved in 2ndary OA - Hip joint
89. Bone involved in cervical spondylosis - C5-C6 or C6-C7

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90. Bone involved in Lumbar spondylosis - L5-S1
91. Bone involved in Rheumatoid arthritis - MP joints of hand
92. Bone involved in Ankylosing spondylosis - Sacro iliac joint/spine

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93. Bone involved in Gouty arthritis - MP joint Great toe
94. Bone involved in Pseudo Gout - Mensci of Knee
95. Bone involved in psoriatic arthropathy - Distal IP joints
96. Ankylosing spondylosis is associated with - Aortic insufficiency
97. Sicca syndrome is associated with - Rheumatoid arthritis

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98. Rheumatoid factor +ve in - Rheumatoid arthritis/Sarcoidosis
SLE /Influenza /Hepatitis/Endocarditis/Liver disease
AIDS/Syphilis/TB/Infectious mononucleosis
99. MC site for Spondylolisthesis is - L5 over T1
100. Rheumatoid arthritis affects - Cervical spine

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101. House maid's knee is due to enlargement of - Subcutaeneous prepatellar Bursa
102. Hill sach's lesion is seen in - Recurrent dislocation of shoulder
103. In neurapraxia,there is - Loss of conduction of Nerve fibre
104. Wallerian degeneration is seen in - Distal cut-end of the nerve
105. Tinel's sign suggests - Nerve regeneration

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106. Card test is used for paralysis of - Ulnar nerve
107. Nerve damage due to Hamate dislocation is - Ulnar
108. MC site for TB of skeletal system is - Spine
109. TB Osteomyelitis site involved - Tibia
110. TB Dactylitis site involved - Spina ventosa

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111. TB Spondylitis - Pott's disease - Spine
112. TB Arthritis site involved - Hip joint
113. Synovial TB site involved - Knee joint
114. TB Tenosynovitis - Compound palmar ganglion
115. TB bursitis - Trochanteric bursitis

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116. Commonest route of spread of TB to Bones is - Hematogenous
117. Collar stud abscess is seen in - TB
118. Commonest primary malignant bone Tumour - Multiple myeloma
119. Bone tumour arising frm pelvis is - Chondroblastoma
120. Onion skin layering on x-ray is characteristic of - Ewing's sarcoma

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121. Onion peel appearance is seen in - Ewing's sarcoma(Most Radoisensitive tumor)

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122. In Multiple myeloma,punched out lesions are most common in - Skull
123. Vertebra plana occurs in - Eosinophillic Granuloma
124. Radio resistant malignant tumour is - Osteosarcoma
125. MC malignant bone tumour - Secondaries

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126. MC benign Bone tumour - Osteoma
127. Pulsatile Tumour is - Osteosarcoma
128. Commonest cause of multiple # in childhood - Osteogenesis imperfecta
129. Pott's puffy tumour is - Osteomyelitis of skull bone
130. Waddling gait is feature of - B/L Dislocation of Hip

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131. MC ly affected lowerlimb muscle in poliomyelitis - Quadriceps femoris
132. Painful effusion of joints in congenital syphilis is known as - Clutton's joint
133. Abnormal metacarpal index is a feature of - Marfans syndrome
134. Bag of bones effect is seen in - Charcot's joint
135. Codfish vertebrae are seen in - Hyperparathyroidism

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136. Osteomalacia can caused by - Tab.Phenytoin
137. Bone within bone appearance is seen in - Gauchers disease
138. Calcification of menisci of knee joints is seen in - Ochronosis
139. Kanavels sign is found in - Teno-synovitis
140. MC involvement in Volkman's ischaemia seen is that - Flexor digitorum profundus

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141. Nerve injured in Medial epicondylar # - Ulnar
142. MC site seen for osteogenic sarcoma in India - Lower end of Femur
143. Compression # is most common in which part of spine - Lower Thoracic
144. Non-union is commonly seen in - Lower tibial #
145. An adventitious Bursa - Abnormality over friction site

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146. Healing time for # of Tibia is - 12 weeks
147. MC site for Myositis ossificans in body is - Elbow
148. MC site of Acute Osteo myelitis seen in Infants - Hip joint
149. Claw hand is a manifestation of - Ulnar nerve injury
150. MC involvement in Dupuytren's contracture is - Little finger

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151. Nerve injured in # of Upper end of radius is - Posterior interosseus nerve
152. MC cause of Kyphosis among males is - TB
153. Monteggia # dislocation involves - upper 1/3 ulna
154. Common site for Avascular necrosis of head of femur - Subcapital region
155. Cause of Atonic bladder - Injury to sacral plexus

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156. Rx for Club foot - should be started immediately after birth
157. MC nerve involved in # of surgical neck of humerus is - Axillary
158. Neuropathic joints are MC seen in - Diabetes Mellitus
159. Soap bubble appearance with Bone tumour - Osteoclastoma
160. In Hammer toe ,flexion deformity is seen at - Proximal interphalangeal joint

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161. TB spine results in paraplegia of - Lower thoracic part
162. Injury to which of the nerves lead to Winging to scapula - Long thoracic nerve
163. Muscle tested in Froment's sign is - Adductor pollicis
164. Epiphyseal enlargement is seen in - Stills disease
165. MC muscle group affected in polio is - Dorsiflexors-Ankle

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166. MC complication of # of ischio-pubic rami of pelvis is - Rupture of membranous urethra
167. MC medial meniscal tear type is - Longitudinal tear
168. Heberden nodules r seen in - Distal interphalangeal joints in OA
169. Epiphyseal tumour is - Giant cell tumour
170. Tardy ulnar nerve palsy MC cause - Lateral condylar #

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171. Tarsal tunnel syndrome is seen in - Rheumatoid arthritis
172. Inability to flex the Index finger is a sign of - Median nerve injury
173. Mcmurray's sign is seen in injury to - Medial meniscus
174. Radial nerve injury - Wrist drop
175. Deep peroneal nerve injury - Foot drop

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176. Ulnar nerve injury - Claw hand
177. Axillary nerve injury - Flattened shoulder
178. Upper trunk - Porter tip hand
179. Medial nerve injury - Ape thumb deformity
180. Long thoracic nerve injury - Winging of Scapula

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181. Labourer's nerve - Median nerve
182. Saturday night palsy involves - Radial nerve
183. Anterior Drawer sign is +ve in - Ant. Cruciate ligament injury
184. Seat belt injury - Chance #
185. Whip-Lash injury occurs due to - Acute hyper extension of spine

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186. MC type of spinal injury - Flexion injury
187. Tennis Elbow - pain over the Lateral epicondyle
188. Hangman's # is a # of - Pars interarticularis/# dislocation of C2&C3
189. Dislocation without # is seen in - Cervical spine

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190. Cotton's # is - Trimalleolar

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191. MC nerve injured in supracondylar # of Humerus is - Radial nerve
192. Trigger finger is - Stenosis tenovaginitis
193. Signature # refers to - depressed skull #
194. Blount's disease is - Genu varum
195. Type of joint seen in Growth plate is - Primary cartilaginous

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196. Repair is better than removal in which part of meniscal injury - Outer area
197. Pulsating bone tumour - Osteo sarcoma
198. Direct impact on bone will lead to - Transverse #
199. Pathological # r seen in - osteogenesis imperfecta/osteoporosis/osteomalacia/radiation
200. Healing of # - 3 stg - reactive(Hematoma)/Reparative(callus formation)/Remodelling

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201. Bone formation markers r - Procollagen-1 & ALP
202. MC cause of Non-union # is - Inadequate immobilisation
203. Non-union is a complication of - Scaphoid #
204. MC complication of fracture of clavicle - Malunion
205. MC site of fracture clavicle is - Junction of medial 2/3rd &lateral 1/3rd

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206. Earliest radiological sign of OA is - Narrowing of joint space
207. Underlying cause of rheumatoid arthritis is - Immunological
208. Joints spared in Rheumatoid arthritis is - DIP joints of finger
209. Compound # is defined as - # with skin involvement
210. Open # is treated by - Debridement

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211. Recurrent dislocations r common in - Shoulder
212. Recurrent dislocation least commonly seen in - knee
213. Duga's test is used for - Ant.dislocation of shoulder
214. MC bone # during birth is - Clavicle
215. MC injury with # medial epicondyle - Elbow dislocation

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216. MC elbow injury in adolescents is - Supra condylar #
217. Gunstock deformity is seen due to - # supracondylar humerus
218. MC site of Myositis ossificans - Elbow
219. In pulled elbow there is - Subluxation of proximal radio ulnar joint
220. Dashboard injury results in - Posterior dislocation of Hip

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221. Attitude of limb in Ant.dislocation of hip - Flexion,abduction,external rotation
222. Attitude of limb in Traumatic dislocation of hip - Flexion,adduction,internal rotation
223. Lower limb attitude in Post dislocation of Hip is - Flexion,adduction,internal rotation

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224. Jumper's fracture is seen in - Pelvis
225. Bennet's fracture is #,dislocation of - Base of 1st metacarpal

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226. Game keeper's Thumb is - Ulnar collateral ligament injury of MCP joint
227. # femur in children is treated with - Gallow's splint
228. Glass holding cast is - Scaphoid cast
229. Fat embolism commonest occurs due to # of - Femur
230. # neck of humerus is common in - Elderly females

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231. Calcaneum # is usually seen along with - # of vertebrae
232. Nerve involved in # neck of Fibula - Common peroneal nerve
233. MC mode of Meniscal injury - Flexion & rotation movement
234. Bucket handle tear at knee joint is due to injury - Menisci
235. In injury to knee cartilage,IOC is - Arthroscopy

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236. MC joint site for ligament injury - Ankle
237. In Seddon's classification,complete division of nerve is - Neurotemesis
238. MCC of neurological deficit in upper limb - Erb's palsy
239. Nerve root involved in Erbs palsy - C5-C6
240. Motor cyclist # in skull is atype of - Ring fracture

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241. Cock-up splint is used in management of - Radial nerve
242. Phocomelia is - Defects of long bones of limbs
243. Coxa vara is found in - perthes disease/Osteogenesis imperfecta
244. Meralgia parasthetica involves - Lateral cutaeneous nerve of thigh
245. MC # among children - Green stick # - lower end of radius

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246. Trethowans sign is seen in - Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
247. Ortolani's test is done for - Congenital dislocation of Hip
248. Congenital dislocation of Hip occurs due to - Small head of femur
249. MC cause of Genu valgum in children - Rickets
250. Blount's disease is - Tibia vera

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251. MC deformity seen in Club foot is - Talipes equino varus(CTEV)
252. Chronic Club foot is treated by - Triple arthrodesis
253. Sprengel's deformity is - Undescended Scapula
254. Chondroblastoma most commonly occurs in - Epiphysis
255. Epiphysis - Osteoclastoma/Chondroblastoma

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256. Diaphysis - Osteoid osteoma/Ewings tumour
257. Metaphysis - Osteomyelitis/osteosarcoma/Chondrosarcoma

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258. MC cause of bone malignancy - Secondaries
259. Wormian bones r found in - Osteogenesis imperfecta
260. Britle bone disease is - Osteogenesis imperfecta

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261. Marble bone disease is - Osteopetrosis
262. Rugger-Jersey spine is seen in - Renal osteodystrophy
263. Hypervitaminosis causing bony abnormalities - Vitamin A & D
264. Causes of osteomalacia - Indoor stay/Phenytoin/Malabsorption
265. Osteo malacia - Normal sr.calcium/Pseudo #

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266. Milkman's # is - Pseudo # in adults
267. TOC for pagets disease of bone - Calcitonin
268. Rocker-bottom foot is seen in - Excessive correction of Grice procedure
269. Trident hand is seen in - Achondroplasia
270. Absent clavicle is seen in - Cleidocranial dysostosis

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271. Osteogenesis imperfecta is due to - Defective collagen
272. Multiple # in newborns is found in - Osteogenesis imperfecta
273. Osteoporosis - Norm calcium,Norm phosphate,Norm Alkaline phosphatase
274. Osteoporosis - codfish vertebra seen,commonly presents with #
275. DOC for senile osteoporosis - Estrogens

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276. Post traumatic avascular necrosis occur in - Femoral neck/Neck talus/waist scaphoid
277. Pathological changes in Caisson's disease is due to - Nitrogen gas
278. Joint commonly involved in osteochondritis dessicans - Knee joint
279. Vitamin required for collagen formation - Vit C
280. Brown tumour is seen in - Hyperparathyroidism

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281. MC cause of primary hyperparathyroidism - Solitary adenoma
282. MC site os osteochondritis dessicans - Lateral part of the medial femoral condyle
283. Type of anemia in rheumatoid arthritis - Normocytic normochromic anaemia
284. Disease where distal IP joint involved - Psoriatic arthritis
285. Ankylosing spondylitis is associated with - HLA-B27

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286. Bamboo spine is seen in - Ankylosing spondylitis
287. MC charcot's joint involved in T2DM - Foot
288. Clutton's joints are - Syphilitic joints
289. MCC of Neuropathic joints is - Diabetes
290. Gouty arthritis - Great Toe

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291. In gouty arthritis x-ray shows - Erosion of joints

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292. Burst # of vertebra is - Compression injury
293. Disc prolapse commonly occurs at - L4-L5
294. MCC of acute schiatica is due to - Acute prolapsed intervertebral disc
295. Commom vertebral level of spondylolisthesis - L5-S1

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296. Bohler's angle is seen in - Calcaneum
297. De quervains disease affects - Extensor pollicis brevis & Abductor pollicis longus
298. Rx for dupuytren's contracture - Fasciectomy + Skin transplantation
299. Cubitus valgus is a deformity seen in - # of Humerus lateral condyle
300. Hallux valgus means - Outward deviation of great toe

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301. Sabre tibia is seen in - Syphylitic osteitis
302. Arthroscopy is contraindicated in - Haemophilia
303. Brodie's abscess usually involves - Long bones
304. Hanging cast is used for - # Humerus
305. Tardy ulnar nerve palsy is seen in - # humerus lateral condyle

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306. Medial epicondyle # results in injury of - Ulnar
307. Tom smith's arthritis is due to - Pyogenic infection in infancy
308. MC site of Actinomycosis - Mandible
309. Madura foot is - madura mycotic infection of the bone
310. Commonest site of skeletal TB is - Vertebrae

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311. TB spine MC site is - Dorsolumbar
312. TB spondylitis MC site - T12-L1
313. Pot's spine is commonest in - Thoracic
314. MC type of spinal TB - Paradiscal
315. Earliest feature of TB spine - Pain

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316. Cold abscess in chest wall MC occurs in - TB spine
317. Earliest radiological sign of spinal TB - Decreased joint space
318. Spina ventosa results from - Sarcoidosis/TB
319. Caries sicca is seen in - Shoulder
320. Triple deformity of knee is classically seen in - TB

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321. Wandering acetabulum is seen in - TB Hip
322. Classification system of bone tumours is - Ennecking
323. MC site of Osteosarcoma is - Femur lower
324. MC site of simple bone cyst - Femur
325. Pt i dullness on percussion & absence of breath sounds - Tension pnemothorax

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326. Hyoid bone is associated i - Thyroglossal cyst
327. Long standing nodular goitre causes - Folicular Ca
328. Cock-up splint is used for - Radial nerve injury
329. Thomas splint is used for - # Femur
330. Avascular necrosis of bone is common in - Scaphoid

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331. Rheumatoid arthritis - swan neck deformity/Z-deformity/wind sweep deformity/
MP/PIP/DIP/wrist joints/morning stiffness
332. Tennis elbow - lateral epicondyle of Humerus
333. House maid's knee - prepatellar bursitis
334. Clergyman's knee - Infrapatellar bursitis

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335. Student's elbow - Olecranon bursitis
336. Golfer's elbow/climber's/javelin throw/little league/pitcher's - Medial epicondylitis
337. In De-Quervain's disease,which muscle of the hand is affected - Ext.pollicis brevis
338. Dupuytren's contracture of the hand commonly starts - Ring finger
339. Sunburst appearance is seen in which bone tumour - Osteosarcoma

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340. Onionpeel appearance - Ewing's sarcoma
341. Soap bubble appearance - Osteoclastoma
342. MC beningn bone tumour - Osteochondroma
343. MC 1ry bone malignancy - Multiple myeloma
344. MC 1ry bone tumour - Osteosarcoma

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345. MC 1ry malignant bone tumour - Osteosarcoma
346. Mc bone tumour in children - Osteo sarcoma
347. MC malignant bone tumour in children is - Ewing's sarcoma
348. MC joint involved in Takayasu arteritis - subclavian
349. MC joint disease in human being - OA

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350. MC joint involved in syringomyelia - Glenohumeral
351. MC joint involved in diabetes - Tarsal & tarsometatarsal
352. How many blast cells should be in aspiration of bone marrow ->10%plasma count
353. Most serious complication of # of a long bones - Fat embolism
354. Bone which do not have medullary cavity - Clavicle

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355. MC nerve tobe damage in shoulder dislocation - Axillary nerve
356. Humeral supra condylar # commonly results in - Median nerve injury
357. MC shoulder dislocation is - Anterior
358. Carpel tunnel syndrome is due to involvement of - Median nerve

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359. Inability to adduct thumb is due to injury of - Ulnar nerve

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360. Tinel sign indicates - Nerve regeneration
361. Partial claw hand is caused by lesion involving - Ulnar nerve
362. Total claw hand is seen in paralysis of - Ulnar & Median nerve
363. Punched out lesion in the skull is indicative of - Multiple myeloma
364. Foot drop occurs due to involvement of - sciatic nerve injury

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365. In Hansens disease,ulnar nerve commonly affected at elbow
366. Duchenne's muscular dystrophy affects - calf muscles
367. HLA B27 is commonly associated with - Ankylosing spondylitis
368. Iliac crest involvement is common in - Ankylosing spondylitis
369. Commonest presenting symptom of Pott's spine is - Back pain

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370. Charcots jt/neuropathic jt r MC seen n - DM
371. Terminal pulp space infection - Felon
372. Looser's zone is present in - Osteo malacia
373. Waddling gait due to - B/L congenital dysplasia of Hip.
374. Marble bone appearance is seen in - Osteopetrosis

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375. Example of syndesmosis joint - Tibiofibular joint
376. MC nerve injured in # shaft of Humerus - Radial nerve
377. Recurrent dislocation of shoulder is seen in - Hill sach's lesion
378. Bone commonly fractured in facial injuries - Nasal bone

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