Max. Marks: 70
-  Define error. Explain the sources of error in pharmaceutical analysis. Write a note on the minimization of errors. (2+4+4) OR --- Content provided by FirstRanker.com --- Define the terms: - Accuracy
- Precision
 
-  How burettes and pipettes are calibrated? (4) --- Content provided by FirstRanker.com --- Explain about significant figures and rules for computation. (6) 
-  State law of mass action and discuss its significance. (8) Explain about neutralization curve for a titration between strong acid and strong base. Comment upon the indicators used in the above titration. (8) OR --- Content provided by FirstRanker.com --- Write a note on solubility product and common ion effect. (8) 
-  Define the terms pH, buffer, buffer action and buffer capacity. (6) Describe the principles of oxidation reduction titrations. Write the principle and procedure for assay of ascorbic acid. (4+6) 
-  Write a note on filtration media used in gravimetry. (4) OR How do you prepare and standardize 0.1M KMnO4 solution? (6) 
-  Discuss various steps involved in gravimetric analysis. (8) --- Content provided by FirstRanker.com --- Write the principle and procedure involved in estimation of calcium gluconate by complexometry. (8) 
-  Discuss about various methods for the determination of end point in precipitation titration. (6) OR Explain the principle involved in complexometric titration. Discuss about masking and demasking agents. (8) --- Content provided by FirstRanker.com --- 
-  Write the principle and applications of non-aqueous titration. (6) Define the terms empirical formula, molecular formula, molecular weight and equivalent weight. (6) 
-  What is the empirical formula of a compound containing 56.4% oxygen and 43.6% phosphorus. (6) --- Content provided by FirstRanker.com --- OR Write the mass balance equation for the following: - Fe++ + SCN = Fe+ [Fe(SCN)e+
- Na2CO3+ HCl — NaCl + H20 + CO2
 
-  Calculate the normality of sulphuric acid when 50ml of sulphuric acid neutralizes with 200ml of decinormal sodium hydroxide. (6) Write a note on mole concept and measuring of moles of elements and compounds. (6) 
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