Download MBBS Anatomy PPT 2 Development Of Genital System Notes

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URINARY BLADDER

MALE
PELVIS

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MALE
URETHRA

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FEMALE
PELVIS

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Genital ducts in the

female at the end of the

second month. Note

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the paramesonephric

(m?ullerian) tubercle and

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formation of the uterine

canal. B. Genital

ducts after descent of the

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ovary. The only parts

remaining from the

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mesonephric system

are the epoophoron,

paroophoron, and

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Gartner's cyst. Note the

suspensory ligament of

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the ovary, ligament of the

ovary proper, and round

ligament of the uterus.

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Patient with

hypospadias.

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The urethra is

open on the

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ventral

surface of

the penis.

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DESCENT OF THE TESTES

? TOWARD THE END OF THE SECOND MONTH,

THE UROGENITAL MESENTERY ATTACHES

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THE TESTIS AND MESONEPHROS TO THE

POSTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL

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? WITH DEGENERATION OF THE

MESONEPHROS, THE ATTACHMENT SERVES

AS A MESENTERY FOR THE GONAD

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? CAUDALLY, IT BECOMES LIGAMENTOUS AND

IS KNOWN AS THE CAUDAL GENITAL

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LIGAMENT.

? ALSO EXTENDING FROM THE CAUDAL POLE

OF THE TESTIS IS A MESENCHYMAL

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CONDENSATION RICH IN EXTRACELLULAR

MATRICES, THE GUBERNACULUM

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? PRIOR TO DESCENT OF THE TESTIS, THIS BAND

OF MESENCHYME TERMINATES IN THE INGUINAL
REGION BETWEEN THE DIFFERENTIATING
INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL ABDOMINAL

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OBLIQUE MUSCLES.

? LATER, AS THE TESTIS BEGINS TO DESCEND

TOWARD THE INGUINAL RING, AN EXTRA-

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ABDOMINAL PORTION OF THE GUBERNACULUM
FORMS AND GROWS FROM THE INGUINAL
REGION TOWARD THE SCROTAL SWELLINGS.

? WHEN THE TESTIS PASSES THROUGH THE

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INGUINAL CANAL, THIS EXTRA-ABDOMINAL
PORTION CONTACTS THE SCROTAL FLOOR
FACTORS CONTROLLING

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DESCENT OF THE TESTIS

? OUTGROWTH OF THE EXTRA-ABDOMINAL PORTION OF

THE GUBERNACULUM PRODUCES INTRA-ABDOMINAL

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MIGRATION

? AN INCREASE IN INTRA-ABDOMINAL PRESSURE DUE TO

ORGAN GROWTH PRODUCES PASSAGE THROUGH THE

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INGUINAL CANAL

? REGRESSION OF THE EXTRA-ABDOMINAL PORTION OF

THE GUBERNACULUM COMPLETES MOVEMENT OF THE

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TESTIS INTO THE SCROTUM

? NORMALLY, THE TESTES REACH THE INGUINAL REGION

BY APPROXIMATELY 12 WEEKS' GESTATION,

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? MIGRATE THROUGH THE INGUINAL CANAL

BY 28 WEEKS

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? REACH THE SCROTUM BY 33 WEEKS
? THE PROCESS IS INFLUENCED BY

HORMONES, INCLUDING ANDROGENS AND
MULLERIAN INHIBITING SUBSTANCE (MIS)

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? DURING DESCENT, BLOOD SUPPLY TO THE

TESTIS FROM THE AORTA IS RETAINED,
AND TESTICULAR VESSELS EXTEND FROM

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THEIR ORIGINAL LUMBAR POSITION TO
THE TESTIS IN THE SCROTUM.

? INDEPENDENTLY FROM DESCENT OF THE

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TESTIS, THE PERITONEUM OF THE

ABDOMINAL CAVITY FORMS AN

EVAGINATION ON EACH SIDE OF THE

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MIDLINE INTO THE VENTRAL ABDOMINAL

WALL.

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? THIS EVAGINATION, THE PROCESSUS

VAGINALIS, FOLLOWS THE COURSE OF

THE GUBERNACULUM TESTIS INTO THE

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SCROTAL SWELLINGS

? HENCE THE PROCESSUS VAGINALIS,

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ACCOMPANIED BY THE MUSCULAR AND

FASCIAL LAYERS OF THE BODY WALL,

EVAGINATES INTO THE SCROTAL

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SWELLING, FORMING THE INGUINAL CANAL

? THE TESTIS DESCENDS THROUGH THE INGUINAL

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RING AND OVER THE RIM OF THE PUBIC BONE

AND IS PRESENT IN THE SCROTUM AT BIRTH.

? THE TESTIS IS THEN COVERED BY A REFLECTED

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FOLD OF THE PROCESSUS VAGINALIS

? THE PERITONEAL LAYER COVERING THE TESTIS IS

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THE VISCERAL LAYER OF THE TUNICA VAGINALIS;

? THE REMAINDER OF THE PERITONEAL SAC FORMS

THE PARIETAL LAYER OF THE TUNICA VAGINALIS

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? THE NARROW CANAL CONNECTING THE LUMEN

OF THE VAGINAL PROCESS WITH THE

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PERITONEAL CAVITY IS OBLITERATED AT BIRTH

OR SHORTLY THEREAFTER

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? IN ADDITION TO BEING COVERED BY PERITONEAL

LAYERS DERIVED FROM THE PROCESSUS

VAGINALIS, THE TESTIS BECOMES ENSHEATHED

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IN LAYERS DERIVED FROM THE ANTERIOR

ABDOMINAL WALL THROUGH WHICH IT PASSES.

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? THUS, THE TRANSVERSALIS FASCIA FORMS THE

INTERNAL SPERMATIC FASCIA

? THE INTERNAL ABDOMINAL OBLIQUE MUSCLE

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GIVES RISE TO THE CREMASTERIC FASCIA

? MUSCLE, AND THE EXTERNAL ABDOMINAL

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OBLIQUE MUSCLE FORMS THE EXTERNAL

SPERMATIC FASCIA

? THE TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINIS MUSCLE DOES

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NOT CONTRIBUTE A LAYER, SINCE IT ARCHES

OVER THIS REGION AND DOES NOT COVER THE

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PATH OF MIGRATION.

HERNIAS AND CRYPTORCHISM

? THE CONNECTION BETWEEN THE ABDOMINAL

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CAVITY AND THE PROCESSUS VAGINALIS IN THE

SCROTAL SAC NORMALLY CLOSES IN THE FIRST

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YEAR AFTER BIRTH

? IF THIS PASSAGEWAY REMAINS OPEN,

INTESTINAL LOOPS MAY DESCEND INTO THE

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SCROTUM, CAUSING A CONGENITAL INGUINAL

HERNIA

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? SOMETIMES OBLITERATION OF THIS

PASSAGEWAY IS IRREGULAR, LEAVING SMALL

CYSTS ALONG ITS COURSE.

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? LATER THESE CYSTS MAY SECRETE FLUID,

FORMING A HYDROCELE OF THE TESTIS AND/OR

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SPERMATIC CORD

? IN 97% OF MALE NEWBORNS, TESTES ARE

PRESENT IN THE SCROTUM BEFORE BIRTH.

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IN MOST OF THE REMAINDER, DESCENT

WILL BE COMPLETED DURING THE FIRST 3

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MONTHS POSTNATALLY.

? IN LESS THAN 1% OF INFANTS, ONE OR

BOTH TESTES FAIL TO DESCEND. THE

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CONDITION IS CALLED CRYPTORCHIDISM

AND MAY BE CAUSED BY DECREASED

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ANDROGEN (TESTOSTERONE)

PRODUCTION.

? THE UNDESCENDED TESTES FAIL TO

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PRODUCE MATURE SPERMATOZOA AND

THE CONDITION IS ASSOCIATED WITH A 3%

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TO 5% INCIDENCE OF RENAL ANOMALIES.

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DERIVATIVES OF THE MESONEPHERIC DUCT

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? MALES:
FUNCTIONAL:
1. EFFERENT DUCTULES OF TESTIS
2. DUCT OF EPIDIDYMIS

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3. VAS DEFERENCE
4. SEMINAL VESICLES
5. COMMON EJACULATORY DUCT
6. URETRIC BUD ? COLLECTING PART OF
KIDNEY

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7. TRIGONE OF BLADDER

NON FUNCTIONAL DERIVATIVES OF

MESONEPHERIC TUBULES

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? MALE:
? 1. SUPERIOR ABERRANT DUCTULES

OF TESTIS

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? 2. INFERIOR ABERRANT DUCTULES

OF TESTIS

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? 3. APPENDIX OF EPIDIDYMIS

REMNANTS OF PARAMESONEPHERIC

DUCTS

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? MALES;
? 1. APPENDIX OF TESTIS
? 2. PROSTATIC UTRICLE

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REMANANTS OF THE MESONEPHERIC

TUBULES

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? FEMALES:
? 1. TUBULES OF EPOOPHORON
? 2. TUBULES OF PARA EPOOPHORON

REMANANTS OF THE MESONEPHERIC DUCT

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? 1. DUCT OF EPOOPHORON? GARTNERS
DUCT
? 2. DUCT OF PARA EPOOPHORON
? 1. When does the metanephros become

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? functional?
? (A) At week 3 of development
? (B) At week 4 of development
? (C) At week 10 of development
? (D) Just before birth

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? (E) Just after birth

? 1. When does the metanephros become
? functional?
? (A) At week 3 of development

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? (B) At week 4 of development
? (C) At week 10 of development(+)
? (D) Just before birth
? (E) Just after birth

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. The proximal convoluted tubules of the
definitive adult kidney are derived from the
? (A) ureteric bud
? (B) metanephric vesicle
? (C) mesonephric duct

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? (D) mesonephric tubules
? (E) pronephric tubules
? The proximal convoluted tubules of the
? definitive adult kidney are derived from the
? (A) ureteric bud

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? (B) metanephric vesicle(+)
? (C) mesonephric duct
? (D) mesonephric tubules
? (E) pronephric tubules

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? The transitional epithelium lining the urinary
bladder is derived from
? (A) ectoderm
? (B) endoderm
? (C) mesoderm

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? (D) endoderm and mesoderm
? (E) neural crest cells

? The transitional epithelium lining the urinary
? bladder is derived from

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? (A) ectoderm
? (B) endoderm(+)
? (C) mesoderm
? (D) endoderm and mesoderm
? (E) neural crest cells

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? The transitional epithelium lining the
? ureter is derived from
? (A) ectoderm
? (B) endoderm

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? (C) mesoderm(+)
? (D) endoderm and mesoderm
? (E) neural crest cells
? The transitional epithelium lining the
? ureter is derived from

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? (A) ectoderm
? (B) endoderm
? (C) mesoderm(+)
? (D) endoderm and mesoderm
? (E) neural crest cells

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? Immediately after birth of a boy, a moist,

red protrusion of tissue is noted just superior

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to his pubic symphysis. After observation,

urine drainage is noted from the upper lateral

corners of this tissue mass. What is the

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diagnosis?
? (A) Pelvic kidney
? (B) Horseshoe kidney
? (C) Polycystic disease of the kidney

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? (D) Urachal cyst
? (E) Exstrophy of the bladder

? Immediately after birth of a boy, a moist,
? red protrusion of tissue is noted just superior

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? to his pubic symphysis. After observation,
? urine drainage is noted from the upper lateral
? corners of this tissue mass. What is the
? diagnosis?
? (A) Pelvic kidney

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? (B) Horseshoe kidney
? (C) Polycystic disease of the kidney
? (D) Urachal cyst
? (E) Exstrophy of the bladder(+)

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? The indifferent embryo begins
? phenotypic sexual differentiation during
? (A) week 3 of development
? (B) week 5 of development
? (C) week 7 of development

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? (D) week 12 of development
? (E) week 20 of development
? The indifferent embryo begins
? phenotypic sexual differentiation during
? (A) week 3 of development

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? (B) week 5 of development
? (C) week 7 of development(+)
? (D) week 12 of development
? (E) week 20 of development

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? A structure found within the adult female
pelvis formed from the gubernaculum is the
? (A) broad ligament
? (B) suspensory ligament of the ovary
? (C) round ligament of the uterus

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? (D) medial umbilical ligament
? (E) median umbilical ligament

? A structure found within the adult female
pelvis formed from the gubernaculum is the

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? (A) broad ligament
? (B) suspensory ligament of the ovary
? (C) round ligament of the uterus(+)
? (D) medial umbilical ligament
? (E) median umbilical ligament

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? The labia minora arise embryologically
from which of the following structures?
? (A) Phallus
? (B) Labioscrotal swellings

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? (C) Sinovaginal bulbs
? (D) Urogenital folds
? (E) Paramesonephric duct
? The labia minora arise embryologically
from which of the following structures?

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? (A) Phallus
? (B) Labioscrotal swellings
? (C) Sinovaginal bulbs
? (D) Urogenital folds(+)
? (E) Paramesonephric duct

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? In the male, failure of the urethral folds to
? fuse completely results in
? (A) hypospadias
? (B) epispadias

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? (C) cryptorchidism
? (D) congenital inguinal hernia
? (E) hydrocele

? In the male, failure of the urethral folds to

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fuse completely results in
? (A) hypospadias(+)
? (B) epispadias
? (C) cryptorchidism
? (D) congenital inguinal hernia

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? (E) hydrocele

? The Y chromosome carries a gene on its
? short arm that codes for
? (A) testosterone

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? (B) MIF
? (C) testes-determining factor (TDF)
? (D) progesterone
? (E) estrogen
? The Y chromosome carries a gene on its

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? short arm that codes for
? (A) testosterone
? (B) MIF
? (C) testes-determining factor (TDF)(+)
? (D) progesterone

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? (E) estrogen

? Bilateral cryptorchidism usually results in
? (A) impotence
? (B) sterility

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? (C) male pseudo-intersexuality
? (D) female pseudo-intersexuality
? (E) testicular feminization syndrome