Download MBBS Anatomy PPT 27 Introduction To Anatomy Notes

Objectives

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1. Definition
2. Need to study anatomy.
3. Subdivisions of anatomy
4. History of anatomy

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Anatomy

? The branch of science which deals with

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the structural organization of living
being.

? Ana - (Apart) : Tome To cut (Greek)
? Dissecare (Latin): To cut apart

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Why do doctors study Anatomy?

? Symptoms and Signs
? Localize Pain, Lumps

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? Withdrawing blood, injections
? Medical procedures
? Correction Surgeries

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Subdivisions of Anatomy

? Cadaveric Anatomy

? Living Anatomy

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? Developmental Anatomy

? Microscopic Anatomy

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? Surface Anatomy

? Radiographic Anatomy

? Applied Anatomy

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? Experimental Anatomy

? Genetics

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? Comparitive Anatomy

? Physical Anthropology

Cadaveric Anatomy

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Gross Anatomy
Macroscopic Anatomy

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? REGIONAL ANATOMY

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GR

- He OSS ANAT

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ad and neck

- Brain

OMY

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-Thorax
- Abdomen
- Upper Limb
- Lower limb

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? SYSTEMIC ANATOMY
- Integumentary system
- Skeletal system
- Muscular system

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- Nervous system
- Cardiovascular system
- Lymphatic system
- Endocrine system
- Digestive system, Respiratory system,

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Urogenital system

Cross Sectional Anatomy

Living Anatomy

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Inspection Palpation

Percussion Auscultation

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Otoscope Brochoscope

Endoscope Opthalmoscope

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Developmental Anatomy

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? Embryology

Microscopic Anatomy

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? Histology

Surface Anatomy

Radiographic Imaging Anatomy

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X-ray
CT
MRI
USG

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Applied Anatomy

Genetics

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Comparitive Anatomy

Physical Anthropometry

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No science is complete without the
knowledge of its HISTORY.

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HISTORY OF ANATOMY

"The past is not dead history, it is living

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material out of which man builds for the

future".
Rene Dubos (1901-1982)

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Beginning Of Civilization

? Art of Killing
? Not the Art of Healing

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2700 ? 2600 BC

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? "Neiching" China
? Earliest Book on Anatomy.

1700 ? 1600 BC

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? "Mummification" Egypt
? Removal of putrifiable organs.
? Lost glory :Alexandrian school burned

1000 BC

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? India
? Susrutha, Charaka, Dhanvanthari
? Surgery Practices

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Hippocratus

? 460-377 BC
? Greek physician
? Father of Medicine

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? Founder of Anatomy.
? Guidelines, Scalpel,
Deadbodies from war.

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Aristotle

? 384 ? 322 BC
? Term "Anatomy",
? Accounted Embryology,

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? Named arteries and veins.
? Heart ? Centre of emotions,
intelligence.

Herophilus

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? 325 ? 300 BC
? Father of anatomy.
? Dissected criminals
? Brain ? Intelligence centre.

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? Defined parts of Brain
and Spinal cord.

Birth of Christ

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? BC AD

Galen of Pergamum

? 130 ? 210 AD

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? Prince of physicians
? Dissected monkeys and
animals.
? Importance of spinal cord
and nervous system.

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? Never thought of Pulmonary
circulation.
? Blood flows through pores of heart.

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Anderas Vesalius

? 1514 ? 1654

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? De humani corporis fabrica
? Father of Modern Anatomy
? `Reformer of Anatomy'

Leonardo da Vinci

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? 1452 ? 1519
? Italian "AllRounder"

Gray's Anatomy

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? Henry Gray & Henry Vandyke Carter
? St George's Hospital Medical School in London
? First publication:1858

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Daniel John Cunningham

? Scottish Anatomist. 1850-1909
? Cunningham's Text-book of Anatomy and

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Cunningham's Manual of Practical Anatomy

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Illegal Trade

? Burke and Hare murders.
? Robert Knox

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Anatomy Act 1832

? Act of Parliament of the UK.
? Gave free licence to doctors, teachers of

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anatomy and medical students to dissect
donated bodies.

? It was enacted in response to public revulsion at

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the illegal trade in corpses.

Embalming

? Art and Science to preserve human body with the

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help of certain chemicals (Formaldehyde,glycerin,

etc).

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LETS ANSWER A FEW

Questions

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Q 1. Which surgeon of ancient India is also

called as "Father of Surgery" ?

A. Charak

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B. Sushruta
C. Atreya
D. Dhanvantri

Q 2. Name the famous Greek Physician who

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is also called as the "Father Of Medicine"

A. Aristotle
B. Plato

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C. Hippocrates
D. Herophilus

Q 3. Who is often referred to as the "Father Of

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Modern Anatomy"

A. Leonardo Da Vinci
B. Andreas Vesalius
C. William Harvey

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D. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek