Download MBBS Anatomy PPT 4 Head And Neck Notes

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which of the following are associated with the 2nd pharyngeal arch?

a) the mal eus bone

b) facial nerve

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c) glossopharyngeal nerve

d) the lower portion of the hyoid bone

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. Branchial cysts or lateral cysts:

a) are found along the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid

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muscle

b) are formed from a rupture of the membrane between pharyngeal

pouches and branchial clefts

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c) are remnants of the thyroglossal duct

d) are found in front of the ear

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Which of the following structure is NOT part of the first branchial arch?

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a) mal eus

b) mandibular process

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c) sphenomandibular ligament

d) stylohyoid ligament

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The hypobranchial eminence contributes to formation of:

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a) anterior portion of the tongue

b) Posterior portion of the tongue

c) musculature of the tongue

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d) Epiglottis

Myoblasts form the occipital myotomes believed to give rise to the

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muscle of the:

a) eye

b) face

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c) ear

d) tongue

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The most common site of a thyroglossal cyst is the

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a)

Dorsal aspect of neck

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b)

Anterior border of sternocleidomastoid muscle

c)

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Superior mediastinum

d)

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Midline close to the hyoid bone

DEVELOPMENT OF FACE

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The intermaxil ary segment forms via the fusion of the

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a)

Maxil ary prominences

b)

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Mandibular prominences

c)

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Medial nasal prominences

d)

Lateral nasal prominence

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Fronto-nasal Process

? Nasal placode: rounded thickening in the

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lower lateral parts of the fronto-nasal process.

? Nasal pits & swel ings: invagination of

placode will form nasal pits which are

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surrounded by medial & lateral nasal

prominences (folds).

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? Intermaxil ary segment: from fused medial

nasal prominences . It forms intermaxillary

segments that form middle part of nose, filtrum,

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part of upper jaw that carries upper 4 incisors

and primary palate.

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Maxil ary Process

? It is separated from side of fronto-nasal

process by naso-lacrimal groove, inside

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which a cord of ectodermal cells is formed

then becomes canalized to form naso-

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lacrimal duct. Its upper end forms lacrimal

sac.

? Maxillary process fuses with fronto-nasal

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process covering naso-lacrimal duct.

? It forms lower boundary of nasal pit.
? It is separated from other maxillary

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process by intermaxillary segment.

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-It also fuses partially with mandibular

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process to form the cheek.

-Palatine process is formed as inward

projection of maxil ary process to form

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secondary palate which divides

stomodeum into upper nasal and lower

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oral cavity.

So maxil ary process forms upper part

of cheek, upper lip except filtrum, upper

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jaw except part that carries upper

incisors and most of hard palate.

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Mandibular Process

? It forms lower part of cheek, whole lower lip and lower

jaw and floor of mouth.

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? Development of palate:
? 1- Primary palate: from intermaxil ary segment of

fronto-nasal process.

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? 2- Secondary palate: from palatine processes of

maxil ary processes that form most of hard palate and

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soft palate.

? -Hard palate receives downward growth of nasal

septum.

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. The nasolacrimal groove separates the:

a) mandibular and maxil ary swel ing

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b) lateral nasal swel ing and maxil ary swel ing

c) medial nasal swel ing and maxil ary swel ing

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d) first and second branchial swel ing

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MACROSTOMIA

As a resident in paediatrics, you are cal ed to see a newborn who has a unilateral cleft lip and a

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unilateral cleft of the primary plate. This condition is most likely the result of:

a) failure of fusion of the mandibular prominence

b) failure of fusion of the medial nasal processes

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c) failure of fusion of the maxil ary prominence with the medial nasal prominence

d) failure of fusion of the lateral palatine processes with the nasal septum

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Congenital Anomalies of Face &

Palate

? 1- Inclusion dermoid: cystic swelling at line of fusions between

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processes of the face.

? 2- Oblique facial cleft: failure of fusion between maxillary and

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fronto-nasal processes.

? 2- Macrostomia or Microstomia : defective or marked fusion

between maxillary and mandibular processes.

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? 3- Cleft (hare) lip: cleft lip due to failure of fusion between

maxillary process and intermaxillary segment.

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? 4- Cleft palate: failure of fusion between different parts that

form palate. It could be:

l A- Unilateral complete cleft palate.

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l B- Bilateral complete cleft palate.

l C- Partial cleft palate.

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l D- Cleft uvula.

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Which pharyngeal arch is associated with Treacher Collins syndrome?

a)

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Pharyngeal arch 1

b)

Pharyngeal arch 2

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c)

Pharyngeal arch 3

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d)

Pharyngeal arch 4
The stapedius muscle that moves the stapes ossicle is innervated by

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a)

CN V3

b)

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CN XII

c)

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CN II

d)

CN VI

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The Palatine tonsil and Tonsilar fossa are derivatives from which

pharyngeal pouch?

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a. Pharyngeal pouch 1

b. Pharyngeal pouch 2

c .Pharyngeal pouch 3

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d. Pharyngeal pouch 4