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which of the following are associated with the 2nd pharyngeal arch?a) the mal eus bone
b) facial nerve
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c) glossopharyngeal nerve
d) the lower portion of the hyoid bone
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. Branchial cysts or lateral cysts:
a) are found along the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid
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muscleb) are formed from a rupture of the membrane between pharyngeal
pouches and branchial clefts
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c) are remnants of the thyroglossal duct
d) are found in front of the ear
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Which of the following structure is NOT part of the first branchial arch?
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a) mal eus
b) mandibular process
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c) sphenomandibular ligamentd) stylohyoid ligament
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The hypobranchial eminence contributes to formation of:
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a) anterior portion of the tongueb) Posterior portion of the tongue
c) musculature of the tongue
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d) Epiglottis
Myoblasts form the occipital myotomes believed to give rise to the
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muscle of the:a) eye
b) face
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c) ear
d) tongue
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The most common site of a thyroglossal cyst is the
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a)
Dorsal aspect of neck
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b)Anterior border of sternocleidomastoid muscle
c)
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Superior mediastinum
d)
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Midline close to the hyoid boneDEVELOPMENT OF FACE
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The intermaxil ary segment forms via the fusion of the
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a)Maxil ary prominences
b)
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Mandibular prominences
c)
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Medial nasal prominencesd)
Lateral nasal prominence
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Fronto-nasal Process
? Nasal placode: rounded thickening in the
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lower lateral parts of the fronto-nasal process.? Nasal pits & swel ings: invagination of
placode will form nasal pits which are
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surrounded by medial & lateral nasal
prominences (folds).
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? Intermaxil ary segment: from fused medialnasal prominences . It forms intermaxillary
segments that form middle part of nose, filtrum,
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part of upper jaw that carries upper 4 incisors
and primary palate.
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Maxil ary Process? It is separated from side of fronto-nasal
process by naso-lacrimal groove, inside
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which a cord of ectodermal cells is formed
then becomes canalized to form naso-
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lacrimal duct. Its upper end forms lacrimalsac.
? Maxillary process fuses with fronto-nasal
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process covering naso-lacrimal duct.
? It forms lower boundary of nasal pit.
? It is separated from other maxillary
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process by intermaxillary segment.
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-It also fuses partially with mandibular
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process to form the cheek.-Palatine process is formed as inward
projection of maxil ary process to form
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secondary palate which divides
stomodeum into upper nasal and lower
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oral cavity.So maxil ary process forms upper part
of cheek, upper lip except filtrum, upper
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jaw except part that carries upper
incisors and most of hard palate.
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Mandibular Process? It forms lower part of cheek, whole lower lip and lower
jaw and floor of mouth.
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? Development of palate:
? 1- Primary palate: from intermaxil ary segment of
fronto-nasal process.
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? 2- Secondary palate: from palatine processes of
maxil ary processes that form most of hard palate and
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soft palate.? -Hard palate receives downward growth of nasal
septum.
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. The nasolacrimal groove separates the:
a) mandibular and maxil ary swel ing
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b) lateral nasal swel ing and maxil ary swel ing
c) medial nasal swel ing and maxil ary swel ing
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MACROSTOMIA
As a resident in paediatrics, you are cal ed to see a newborn who has a unilateral cleft lip and a
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unilateral cleft of the primary plate. This condition is most likely the result of:a) failure of fusion of the mandibular prominence
b) failure of fusion of the medial nasal processes
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c) failure of fusion of the maxil ary prominence with the medial nasal prominence
d) failure of fusion of the lateral palatine processes with the nasal septum
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Congenital Anomalies of Face &Palate
? 1- Inclusion dermoid: cystic swelling at line of fusions between
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processes of the face.
? 2- Oblique facial cleft: failure of fusion between maxillary and
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fronto-nasal processes.? 2- Macrostomia or Microstomia : defective or marked fusion
between maxillary and mandibular processes.
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? 3- Cleft (hare) lip: cleft lip due to failure of fusion between
maxillary process and intermaxillary segment.
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? 4- Cleft palate: failure of fusion between different parts thatform palate. It could be:
l A- Unilateral complete cleft palate.
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l B- Bilateral complete cleft palate.
l C- Partial cleft palate.
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Which pharyngeal arch is associated with Treacher Collins syndrome?
a)
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Pharyngeal arch 1b)
Pharyngeal arch 2
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c)
Pharyngeal arch 3
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d)Pharyngeal arch 4
The stapedius muscle that moves the stapes ossicle is innervated by
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a)CN V3
b)
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CN XII
c)
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CN IId)
CN VI
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The Palatine tonsil and Tonsilar fossa are derivatives from which
pharyngeal pouch?
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a. Pharyngeal pouch 1b. Pharyngeal pouch 2
c .Pharyngeal pouch 3
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d. Pharyngeal pouch 4