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which of the following are associated with the 2nd pharyngeal arch?
a) the mal eus bone
b) facial nerve
c) glossopharyngeal nerve
d) the lower portion of the hyoid bone
. Branchial cysts or lateral cysts:
a) are found along the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid
muscle
b) are formed from a rupture of the membrane between pharyngeal
pouches and branchial clefts
c) are remnants of the thyroglossal duct
d) are found in front of the ear
Which of the following structure is NOT part of the first branchial arch?
a) mal eus
b) mandibular process
c) sphenomandibular ligament
d) stylohyoid ligament
The hypobranchial eminence contributes to formation of:
a) anterior portion of the tongue
b) Posterior portion of the tongue
c) musculature of the tongue
d) Epiglottis
Myoblasts form the occipital myotomes believed to give rise to the
muscle of the:
a) eye
b) face
c) ear
d) tongue
The most common site of a thyroglossal cyst is the
a)
Dorsal aspect of neck
b)
Anterior border of sternocleidomastoid muscle
c)
Superior mediastinum
d)
Midline close to the hyoid bone
DEVELOPMENT OF FACE
The intermaxil ary segment forms via the fusion of the
a)
Maxil ary prominences
b)
Mandibular prominences
c)
Medial nasal prominences
d)
Lateral nasal prominence
Fronto-nasal Process
? Nasal placode: rounded thickening in the
lower lateral parts of the fronto-nasal process.
? Nasal pits & swel ings: invagination of
placode will form nasal pits which are
surrounded by medial & lateral nasal
prominences (folds).
? Intermaxil ary segment: from fused medial
nasal prominences . It forms intermaxillary
segments that form middle part of nose, filtrum,
part of upper jaw that carries upper 4 incisors
and primary palate.
Maxil ary Process
? It is separated from side of fronto-nasal
process by naso-lacrimal groove, inside
which a cord of ectodermal cells is formed
then becomes canalized to form naso-
lacrimal duct. Its upper end forms lacrimal
sac.
? Maxillary process fuses with fronto-nasal
process covering naso-lacrimal duct.
? It forms lower boundary of nasal pit.
? It is separated from other maxillary
process by intermaxillary segment.
-It also fuses partially with mandibular
process to form the cheek.
-Palatine process is formed as inward
projection of maxil ary process to form
secondary palate which divides
stomodeum into upper nasal and lower
oral cavity.
So maxil ary process forms upper part
of cheek, upper lip except filtrum, upper
jaw except part that carries upper
incisors and most of hard palate.
Mandibular Process
? It forms lower part of cheek, whole lower lip and lower
jaw and floor of mouth.
? Development of palate:
? 1- Primary palate: from intermaxil ary segment of
fronto-nasal process.
? 2- Secondary palate: from palatine processes of
maxil ary processes that form most of hard palate and
soft palate.
? -Hard palate receives downward growth of nasal
septum.
. The nasolacrimal groove separates the:
a) mandibular and maxil ary swel ing
b) lateral nasal swel ing and maxil ary swel ing
c) medial nasal swel ing and maxil ary swel ing
d) first and second branchial swel ing
MACROSTOMIA
As a resident in paediatrics, you are cal ed to see a newborn who has a unilateral cleft lip and a
unilateral cleft of the primary plate. This condition is most likely the result of:
a) failure of fusion of the mandibular prominence
b) failure of fusion of the medial nasal processes
c) failure of fusion of the maxil ary prominence with the medial nasal prominence
d) failure of fusion of the lateral palatine processes with the nasal septum
Congenital Anomalies of Face &
Palate
? 1- Inclusion dermoid: cystic swelling at line of fusions between
processes of the face.
? 2- Oblique facial cleft: failure of fusion between maxillary and
fronto-nasal processes.
? 2- Macrostomia or Microstomia : defective or marked fusion
between maxillary and mandibular processes.
? 3- Cleft (hare) lip: cleft lip due to failure of fusion between
maxillary process and intermaxillary segment.
? 4- Cleft palate: failure of fusion between different parts that
form palate. It could be:
l A- Unilateral complete cleft palate.
l B- Bilateral complete cleft palate.
l C- Partial cleft palate.
l D- Cleft uvula.
Which pharyngeal arch is associated with Treacher Collins syndrome?
a)
Pharyngeal arch 1
b)
Pharyngeal arch 2
c)
Pharyngeal arch 3
d)
Pharyngeal arch 4
The stapedius muscle that moves the stapes ossicle is innervated by
a)
CN V3
b)
CN XII
c)
CN II
d)
CN VI
The Palatine tonsil and Tonsilar fossa are derivatives from which
pharyngeal pouch?
a. Pharyngeal pouch 1
b. Pharyngeal pouch 2
c .Pharyngeal pouch 3
d. Pharyngeal pouch 4
This post was last modified on 05 April 2022