--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Pancreas- Brief HistoryHerophilus, Greek surgeon first described
pancreas.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Wirsung discovered the pancreatic duct in 1642.
Pancreas as a secretory gland was investigated
by Graaf in 1671.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
R. Fitz established pancreatitis as a disease in
1889.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Whipple performed the first pancreatico-duodenectomy in 1935 and refined it in 1940.
Pancreas
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Pancreas
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Gland with both exocrine and endocrine functions
15-20 cm long, 2.5-3.8 cm broad, & 1.2-1.8 cm thick.
60-100 gram in weight
Location: retro-peritoneum*, 2nd lumbar vertebral
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
level
Extends in an oblique, transverse position
Parts of pancreas: head, neck, body and tail
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
LOCATION
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Head of Pancreas
Enlarged flattened right end of pancreas,
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
situated with in the curve of the duodenum.External features-
3 borders- sup.,inf. & rt.lat.
2 surfaces- ant. & post.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
1 processRELATIONS-
Sup border ? overlapped by 1st part of duodenum
& is related to SPDA
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Inf. Border- 3rd part of duodenum & IPDA.
Rt. Lat. Border- 2nd part duodenum, terminal part of
bile duct & anastomosis between 2 pan.art.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Two surfaces-
Ant. Suf- gastroduodenal a.
transverse colon
jejunum sep. frm it by peritoneum.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Post. Suf- IVC, Terminal part of Renal veinsRt. Crus of diaphragm & bile duct.
Uncinate proc.- Ant.- SMA
Post.- Aorta.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Dr.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
HEAD OF THE PANCREAS & Its
Ravi
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
relations.Anterior
Relations
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Posterior
Relations
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Neck of Pancreas
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
2.5 cm in length, constricted part bet. Head & Body.2 surfaces ? Ant. & Post.
Ant. ? peritoneum covering post.wall of lesser sac &
pylorus
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Post.- termination of SMV and splenic vein
confluence to form portal vein
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Pancreas
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Body of PancreasElongated, long structure Extends from neck to tail
Triangular on cross section
3 borders- ant.,sup., & inf.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Tuber omentaleRelations-
Ant. Border- root of transeverse mesocolon
Sup. Border- coeliac trunk, hepatic a.(r) & splenic a(l)
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Inf. Border- sup. Mesent. Vessesls.--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Ant. Suf.- covered by peritoneum &related to lesser sac & to stomach
Post. suf.- devoid of peritoneum
related to aorta, lt. adrenal gland,
lt. renal vessels and upper 1/3rd of lt. kidney,
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
lt. crus of diaphragm & Splenic veinInf. suf.-covered by peritoneum &
related to DJ flexure, coils of jejunum & lt.
colic flexure
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Tail of Pancreas
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Narrow, lt. end of pancreas
Lies at the level of 12th thoracic vertebra
Ends within the splenic hilum
Lies in the lienorenal ligament
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Anteriorly, related to splenic flexure of colonMay be injured during splenectomy (fistula)
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Pancreatic Duct
Main duct (Wirsung) runs the entire length of
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
pancreasJoins CBD at the ampulla of Vater
2 ? 4 mm in diameter, 20 secondary branches
Ductal pressure is 15 ? 30 mm Hg (vs. 7 ? 17 in CBD)
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
thus preventing damage to panc. duct
Lesser duct (Santorini) drains superior portion of head
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
and empties separately into 2nd portion of duodenum--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Arterial Supply of PancreasVariety of major arterial sources (celiac, SMA and
splenic)
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Mainly pancreatic br. Of Splenic a.
Superior pancreaticoduodenal a.
Inferior pancreaticoduodenal a.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Arterial Supply of Pancreas
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Venous Drainage of PancreasFollows arterial supply
Drain into- splenic, superior mesenteric
Ultimately, into portal vein
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Venous Drainage of Pancreas
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Lymphatic Drainage
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Lymphatics follows the arteries
Drain into pancreaticosplenic, coeliac & superior
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
mesenteric group of lymph nodes.28
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Innervation of PancreasSympathetic fibers from the splanchnic nerves
Parasympathetic fibers from the vagus
Both give rise to intrapancreatic periacinar plexuses
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Parasympathetic fibers stimulate both exocrine andendocrine secretion
Sympathetic fibers have a predominantly inhibitory
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
effect