? B. Anatomy of autonomic motor pathways
1. Overview
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a. Preganglionic neurons
b. Autonomic ganglia
c. Postganglionic neurons
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? C. Physiological effects of ANS1. ANS neurotransmitters
2. Parasympathetic and sympathetic
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responsesANS regulates activities of cardiac muscle, smooth
muscle, and glands.
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?Structurally, ANS consists of two main components:1. visceral afferent neurons
2. visceral efferent neurons
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?Functionally, the ANS operates:
1. without conscious control
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2. reflex arc dependent3. medulla and hypothalamus over ride
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Somatic & Autonomic Nervous SystemsSomatic
Autonomic
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cutaneous receptors chemoreceptors
proprioceptors baroreceptors
special senses mechanoreceptors
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may become conscious unconsciousexcitatory for skeletal excitatory or inhibitory for
muscles cardiac muscle, smooth
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muscles, and glandssingle motor neuron two motor neurons
Somatic and Autonomic Efferent Pathways
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Overview of Autonomic Pathways?Preganglionic neuron
?1. first of two autonomic motor neurons
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?2. cell body located in gray matter of spinalcord (lateral column) or brain
?Thoraco lumbar ? sympathetic & Craniosacral
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?parasympathetic
?3. preganglionic axon passes from CNS in a
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spinal or cranial nerve?4. axon terminates in a ganglion
Overview of Autonomic Pathways
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?Ganglion
?1. collection of nerve cell bodies located in
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a specific site outside CNS?2. cell bodies give rise to postganglionic
neurons
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Overview of Autonomic Pathways
?Postganglionic neuron
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?1. second of two autonomic motor neurons
?2. cell body located in ganglion
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?3. postganglionic axon passes from ganglionto effector Organ
?4. peripheral effector is either stimulated or
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inhibited
Sympathetic Nervous System
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?1. lateral gray horns (T1-L2)
?2. Thoracolumbar outflow
?3. ganglia
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a. sympathetic trunk (paravertebral)
b. Prevertebral (collateral)
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?4. preganglionic axons short?5. postganglionic axons long
Sympathetic Nervous System
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Parasympathetic Nervous System
?1. lateral gray horns (S2-4)
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?2. cranial gray matter
(III, VII, IX, X)
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?3. Craniosacral outflow?4. terminal ganglia
?5. preganglionic axons long
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?6. postganglionic axons short
Parasympathetic Nervous System
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Physiological Effects of ANS
? 1. dual (duel?) innervation
? 2. different neurotransmitters
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? 3. parasympathetic toneANS Neurotransmitters
Cholinergic
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Adrenergic
acetylcholine
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norepinephrineall preganglionic neurons
most postganglionic
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all postganglionic parasympathetic & sympathetic neurons
few postganglionic sympathetic neurons
acetylcholinesterase
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catechol-O-methyl
transferase
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monoamine oxidaseAutonomic Nervous System - Neurotransmitters &
Receptors ? Sympathetic arm
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Autonomic Nervous System - Neurotransmitters &
Receptors ? Parasympathetic arm
Sympathetic System
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?1. energy expenditure system?2. fight-or-flight response
?3. dominates parasympathetic NS
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?4. effects
Parasympathetic System
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?1. energy conservation-restorationsystem
?2. rest-and-recovery
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?3. dominates sympathetic NS
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