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Download MBBS Anatomy PPT 106 Vascular Anatomy Of Lower Limb Gk 1 Notes

Download MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery) Human Anatomy ppt lectures Topic 106 Vascular Anatomy Of Lower Limb Gk 1 Notes. - anatomy ppt free download human anatomy ppt lectures, medicine notes ppt, anatomy handwritten notes pdf, mbbs 1st year anatomy notes pdf download, best anatomy notes pdf, human anatomy notes pdf, anatomy easy notes pdf, anatomy notes online, anatomy short notes, Anatomy ppt, Powerpoint Presentations and lecture notes.

This post was last modified on 05 April 2022

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Lower Limb Venous Drainage

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Superficial veins : Great Saphenous Vein

and

Short Saphenous Vein

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Deep veins: Tibial, Peroneal,

Popliteal, Femoral

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veins

Perforators:

Blood flow

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deep veins in the sole

superficial veins in the dorsum

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But

In leg and thigh from superficial to

deep veins.

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Factors helping venous return

? Negative intra-thoracic pressure.
? Transmitted pulsations from adjacent arteries.
? Valves maintain uni-directional flow.

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? Valves in perforating veins prevent reflux into

low pressure superficial veins.

? Calf Pump--Peripheral Heart.

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? Vis-a ?tergo produced by contraction of heart.
? Suction action of diaphragm during inspiration.

Dorsal venous arch of Foot

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? It lies in the subcutaneous tissue over the

heads of metatarsals with convexity directed
distally.

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? It is formed by union of 4 dorsal metatarsal

veins.


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Each dorsal metatarsal
vein recieves blood in
the clefts from

? dorsal digital veins.

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? and proximal and distal

perforating veins
conveying blood from

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plantar surface of sole.

Great saphenous Vein

Begins from the medial

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side of dorsal venous

arch.

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Supplemented by

medial marginal vein

Ascends 2.5 cm

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anterior to medial

malleolus.

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Passes posterior to

medial border of

patella.

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Ascends along medial

thigh.

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Penetrates deep fascia

of femoral triangle:

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Pierces the Cribriform

fascia.

Saphenous opening.

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Drains into femoral

vein.

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superficial epigastric v.

superficial circumflex iliac v.

superficial ext. pudendal v.

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posteromedial vein

anterolateral vein

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GREAT SAPHENOUS VEIN

anterior leg vein

posterior arch vein

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dorsal venous arch

medial marginal vein

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Thoraco-epigastric vein
Deep external pudendal v.

Tributaries of Great Saphenous vein

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Tributaries of Great Saphenous vein

saphenous opening

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superficial epigastric

superficial circumflex iliac

superficial external

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pudendal

posteromedial vein

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anterolateral vein

adductor c. perforator

great saphenous vein

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anterior leg vein

posterior arch vein

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medial perforators

dorsal venous arch

medial marginal vein

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Short/ Lesser saphenous Vein:

Drains lateral side of
dorsal venous arch.

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Passes posterior to
lateral malleolus.

Accompanies sural nerve.

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Ascends along midline of
calf.

Empties into popliteal
vein in popliteal fossa.

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Short/ Lesser saphenous Vein:

Variable termination

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a) It may join GSV in upper

third of thigh either
directly or through
accesory saphenous

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vein.

b) May bifurcate : join GSV

and other in popliteal

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vein.

c) May end in GSV in leg

or deep vein of leg

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Deep veins

Present within the
deep fascia

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surrounded by
powerful muscles.

Blood flow in greater
pressure and volume.

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Accounts for 80 -90%
venous return.


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Deep veins

Accompany arteries

Below the knee-

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venae comitantes.

Above the knee-
single major vein

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Deep veins of lower limb

FEMORAL

Femoral vein

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POPLITEAL

PERONEAL

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POSTERIOR

TIBIAL

ANTERIOR

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TIBIAL

MEDIAL

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Popliteal vein

MALLEOLUS


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PERFORATORS

Communicate
superficial veins to
deep veins

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Have role in varicose
veins.

All veins in lower

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limb have valves

Fairly constant in position:

1 lateral ankle perforators

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3 Medial ankle perforators
a)Postero inferior to medial
malleolus
b)10 cm above med.malleolus
c)15 cm above med.malleolus

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3. Gastrocnemius perforators
of Boyd around knee
4. Mid thigh perforators of
Dodd
5. Hunter's perforator in thigh

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Valves in Great

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Saphenous Vein

?10-20 valves
?1 valve just before GSV

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pierces Cribriform fascia
? valve at Sapheno-femoral
junction
?In 80% of people, a valve
is present in external iliac

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vein which protects
Sapheno-femoral junction.

Varicose veins

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Dilated,tortuous and elongated veins
with reversal of blood flow mainly
due to valvular incompetence

Includes

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varicose veins in legs
Hemorrhoids
Varicocele
Oesophageal varices

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Risk factors

? Age
? Gender

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? Height
? left>right
? Heredity
? Pregnancy
? Obesity and overweight

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? Elevate intra abdominal pressure
? Deep vein thrombophlebitis
? Posture
? Incompetency of valves

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Saphena varix

A saphena varix is a dilatation

at the top of the Great

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saphenous vein due to valvular
incompetence.

The varix is:
? soft and compressible

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? disappears immediately on

lying down

? exhibits an expansile cough

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impulse


Trendelenburg test

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Used to assess the competence of

SFJ

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Patient lies flat.
Elevate the leg and gently empty the

veins

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Palpate the SFJ and ask the patient to

stand whilst maintaining pressure.

Rapid filling after thumb released SFJ is

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incompetent

Filling from below upwards without releasing

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thumb presence of distal incompetent

perforators
Patient in the supine position

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The lower limb raised above the level of heart

Tourniquet is then applied around the saphenofemoral junction to

compress the superficial veins (but not too tight as to occlude the

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deeper veins)

Then the patient asked to stand

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Normally, the superficial vein will fill from below within 30-35 seconds

If the superficial veins fill more rapidly with the tourniquet in place

there is valvular incompetence below the level of the tourniquet in the

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"deep veins or perforators.

If there has been no rapid filling even
after 20 seconds the tourniquet is

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released.

If rapid filling from above then it indicates
that the deep and perforating veins are
competent

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&

superficial veins are incompetent

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The test is reported in 2 parts

a) Standing up of the patient with tourniquet on

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based on rapid filling + or ?

deep veins/perforators

incompetent

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b) When Tourniquet is removed

based upon rapid filling + or - superficial vein

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incompetent

The test can be repeated with the tourniquet at different

levels to further pinpoint the level of valvular

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incompetence

Perthes Test

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Empty the vein as above, place a
tourniquet around the thigh, stand
the patient up.

Ask them to rapidly stand up and

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down on their toes

filling of the veins indicated deep
venous incompetence.

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This is a painful and rarely used
test.


VARICOSE ULCER

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Trendelenburg's
Operation

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VENOUS CUT DOWN

Cutaneous supply of skin immediately in
front of the medial malleolus is from
branches of saphenous nerve

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These branches are blocked with LA

A transverse incision is made through the
skin and subcutaneous tissue across

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the long axis of the vein just anterio-

superior to the medial malleolus.

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Femoral Vein

Catheterization

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Coronary artery bypass