Download MBBS Anatomy PPT 81 Anatomy Disciplines And Terminology Notes

Anatomy ? Disciplines & Terminology

Dr Brijendra Singh
Prof & Head

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Department of Anatomy
AIIMS Rishikesh

HIPPOCRATES
(460-377BC)

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Greek physician
Father of Medicine
Hippocratic oath
Humoral theory :

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Four body humors ?
1. blood

2. phlegum
3. yellow bile

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4. black bile

Attributed diseases to natural

causes.

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GRECIAN PERIOD

HEROPHILUS 325BC

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Father of Anatomy
vivi-sections dissections

living human &
cadavers

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brain - seat of intelligence
described cerebrum,

cerebellum, fourth ventricle

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1st to identify nerves

sensory or motor.

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VESALIUS(1514- 1654)

SIXTEENTH CENTURY

De humani corporis

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fabrica in 7 volumes

His work revolutionized

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the teaching of anatomy
and ruled for two
centuries

Father of Modern

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Anatomy

`Reformer of Anatomy'
ANATOMY

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Anatomy

=

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Ana (Gr)

Tome (Gr)

Apart

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To Cut

Dissection

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=

Dissecare (Latin)

To cut apart

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? SUB

Gr

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DIV

oss/C

ISIONS

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adaveri

OF

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c Anat AN

omy ATOMY

?Microscopic Anatomy (Histology)

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?Developmental Anatomy (Embryology)

?Living Anatomy

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?Clinical Anatomy (Applied)

?Neuro-anatomy

?Surface (Topographic) Anatomy

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?Radiographic Anatomy

?Comparative Anatomy

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?Sectional/cross Anatomy
REGIONAL ANATOMY

GROS

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- Head and S ANA

neck

TOMY

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- Brain

-Thorax

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- Abdomen

- Upper Limb

- Lower limb

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SYSTEMIC ANATOMY

- Integumentary system

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- Skeletal system

- Muscular system

- Nervous system

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- Cardiovascular system

- Lymphatic system

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- Endocrine system

- Digestive , Respiratory & Urogenital system

Sub ? divisions of body

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? Head and Neck
? Brain
? Superior Extremity
? Thorax

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? Abdomen & Pelvis
? Inferior Extremity


Anatomical position

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? Standing up right
? Looking straight towards

horizon

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? Upper limbs hanging by the

side of body

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? Palms facing forwards
? Lower limbs are parallel

with toes pointing forwards

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Planes

1.Mid sagittal -Median:

vertical plane dividing

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body into right & left
equal halves.

2. Sagittal: vertical plane

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which is parallel to
sagittal plane.


Planes

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3. Coronal -Frontal Plane:

vertical plane which is at
right angles to median

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plane dividing body into
anterior & posterior
parts.

4. Transverse plane: at right

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angles to sagittal / coronal
plane dividing body into an
upper & lower parts.

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Planes

?Horizontal plane: A plane parallel to ground.

?Oblique plane: Any plane other than mentioned

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planes.

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Terms of posture

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Supine

Prone

Right Lateral

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Left Lateral

Erect

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Upside

Down

Terms of position

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Anterior

=

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Ventral

Intermediate =

Middle

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Posterior

=

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Dorsal


Terms of position

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? Superior
? Inferior
? Lateral
? Intermediate
? Medial

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? Median

TERMS

Solid organs:

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-Superficial

-Deep

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Hollow organs:

-Interior

-Exterior

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For indicating side:

-Ipsilateral

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-Contralateral


Terms of position

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Superior = Cephalic

Inferior

= Caudal

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Terms for limbs

Proximal

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Distal

Radial

Ulnar

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Tibial

Fibular

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Preaxial border

Postaxial border

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Terms of position

Skull -Inferior surface is Base

Hand -Posterior surface - Dorsum

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Hand -Anterior surface - Palmar surface

Terms of position

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Foot
Superior surface - Dorsum of Foot
Inferior Surface - Plantar Surface

.

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1. Who is the Father of Anatomy:

a) Galen

b) Herophilus

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c) Vesalius

d) Hippocrates

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Ans ? b
D ? is father of medicine

2. Meaning of anatomy is:

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a) To analyze

b) To observe

c) To cut & see

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d) To make

Ans - c
3. Sectional plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior

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portions is:

a) Transverse plane

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b) Sagittal plane

c) Coronal plane

d) Oblique plane

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Ans - c

4. Lying down position with the face directed down is :

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a) Supine

b) Prone

c) Anatomical

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d) Lithotomy

Ans - b
5. Lying down position with face directed up is :

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a) Supine

b) Prone

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c) Anatomical

d) Lithotomy

Ans - a

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