FUNCTIONS OF FOOT
Support body weight
Serves as a lever to propel
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the body forward in walking
& running
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FUNCTIONS OF FOOTIF THE FOOT
Gastrocnemius & plantaris
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POSSESSED A
SINGLE BONE
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It cannot adapt itselfto uneven surfaces
Its propulsive action
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depends entirely on
gastrocnemius &
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plantarisBUT
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FUNCTIONS OF FOOTIF THE FOOT IS
FORMED OF
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SMALL BONES
& MANY
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JOINTSIt can adapt itself
to uneven surfaces
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Long flexors &
small muscles of
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foot assist inpropulsive action
WHY THERE ARE ARCHES?
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A segmented structure can hold up weight
only if it is built in the form of arches
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Weight will be distributed on: 1) the heel(behind) & 2) heads of metatarsal bones (in
front): pressure will be minimized on nerves
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& vessels in sole
Forward propulsive action will be easier
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FOOT DIVISION
Hind-foot
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Mid-footforefoot
CLASSIFICATION OF ARCHES
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? A. Longitudinal
1. medial
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2. lateral? B. TRANSVERSE
1. ANTERIOR
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2. POSTERIORARCHES OF FOOT
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MEDIALLONGITUDINAL
ARCH:
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Higher than lateral
arch
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Formed of:calcaneum, talus
(key stone),
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navicular, three
cuneiform & first
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three metatarsalbones
ARCHES OF FOOT
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LATERAL
LONGITUDINAL
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ARCH:Lower than medial
arch
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Formed of: calcaneum,
cuboid (key stone),
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fourth & fifthmetatarsal bones
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ARCHES OF FOOTTRANSVERSE ARCH:
It is only half an
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arch
It is formed of:
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bases of metatarsalbones, cuboid &
three cuneiform
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bones
FACTORS MAINTAINING
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ARCHES OF FOOTShape of bones
Strength of ligaments
Tone of muscles
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MECHANISM OF ARCH SUPPORT
SHAPE OF
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BONES
Bones are wedge-shaped
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with the thin edge lyinginferiorly
This applies particularly
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to the bone occupying
the center of the arch
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"keystone"MECHANISM OF ARCH SUPPORT
INFERIOR
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EDGES OF
BONES ARE
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TIEDTOGETHER
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MECHANISM OF ARCHSUPPORT
INFERIOR EDGES OF BONES
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ARE TIED TOGETHER
Medial longtitudinal arch: plantar
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calcaneonavicular ligament, tibialisposterior
Lateral longtitudinal arch: long & short
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plantar ligaments
Transverse arch: deep transverse ligaments,
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transverse head of adductor hallucis, dorsalinterossei
MECHANISM OF ARCH SUPPORT
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TYING THE
ENDS OF THE
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ARCHTOGETHER
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MECHANISM OF ARCHSUPPORT
TYING THE ENDS OF THE ARCH
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TOGETHER
Medial longtitudinal arch: plantar
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aponeurosis, medial part of flexordigitorum longus & brevis, flexor
hallucis longus, flexor hallucis brevis,
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abductor hallucis
Lateral longtitudinal arch: plantar
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aponeurosis, lateral part of flexordigitorum longus & brevis, abductor
digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi
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Transverse arch: peroneus longus
MECHANISM OF ARCH SUPPORT
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SUSPENDINGTHE ARCH
FROM ABOVE
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MECHANISM OF ARCHSUPPORT
SUSPENDING THE ARCH
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FROM ABOVE
Medial longtitudinal arch:
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tibialis anterior, tibialisposterior, medial ligament of
ankle joint
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Lateral longtitudinal arch:
peroneus longus, peroneus
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brevisTransverse arch: peroneus
longus
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PES PLANUS (FLAT FOOT)
A condition in which the medial
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longitudinal arch is depressedThe forefoot is everted
The head of talus is forced downward &
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medially
The causes are both congenital and
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acquired