Download MBBS Anatomy PPT 84 Arches Of Foot Notes

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the body forward in walking

& running

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FUNCTIONS OF FOOT

IF THE FOOT

Gastrocnemius & plantaris

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POSSESSED A

SINGLE BONE

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It cannot adapt itself

to uneven surfaces

Its propulsive action

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depends entirely on

gastrocnemius &

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plantaris

BUT

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FUNCTIONS OF FOOT

IF THE FOOT IS

FORMED OF

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SMALL BONES

& MANY

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JOINTS

It can adapt itself

to uneven surfaces

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Long flexors &

small muscles of

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foot assist in

propulsive action

WHY THERE ARE ARCHES?

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A segmented structure can hold up weight

only if it is built in the form of arches

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Weight will be distributed on: 1) the heel

(behind) & 2) heads of metatarsal bones (in

front): pressure will be minimized on nerves

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& vessels in sole

Forward propulsive action will be easier

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FOOT DIVISION

Hind-foot

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Mid-foot

forefoot

CLASSIFICATION OF ARCHES

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? A. Longitudinal

1. medial

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2. lateral
? B. TRANSVERSE

1. ANTERIOR

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2. POSTERIOR


ARCHES OF FOOT

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MEDIAL

LONGITUDINAL

ARCH:

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Higher than lateral

arch

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Formed of:

calcaneum, talus

(key stone),

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navicular, three

cuneiform & first

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three metatarsal

bones

ARCHES OF FOOT

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LATERAL

LONGITUDINAL

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ARCH:

Lower than medial

arch

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Formed of: calcaneum,

cuboid (key stone),

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fourth & fifth

metatarsal bones

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ARCHES OF FOOT

TRANSVERSE ARCH:

It is only half an

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arch

It is formed of:

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bases of metatarsal

bones, cuboid &

three cuneiform

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bones

FACTORS MAINTAINING

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ARCHES OF FOOT

Shape of bones
Strength of ligaments
Tone of muscles

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MECHANISM OF ARCH SUPPORT

SHAPE OF

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BONES

Bones are wedge-shaped

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with the thin edge lying

inferiorly

This applies particularly

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to the bone occupying

the center of the arch

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"keystone"

MECHANISM OF ARCH SUPPORT

INFERIOR

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EDGES OF

BONES ARE

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TIED

TOGETHER

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MECHANISM OF ARCH

SUPPORT

INFERIOR EDGES OF BONES

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ARE TIED TOGETHER

Medial longtitudinal arch: plantar

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calcaneonavicular ligament, tibialis

posterior

Lateral longtitudinal arch: long & short

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plantar ligaments

Transverse arch: deep transverse ligaments,

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transverse head of adductor hallucis, dorsal

interossei

MECHANISM OF ARCH SUPPORT

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TYING THE

ENDS OF THE

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ARCH

TOGETHER

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MECHANISM OF ARCH

SUPPORT

TYING THE ENDS OF THE ARCH

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TOGETHER

Medial longtitudinal arch: plantar

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aponeurosis, medial part of flexor

digitorum longus & brevis, flexor

hallucis longus, flexor hallucis brevis,

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abductor hallucis

Lateral longtitudinal arch: plantar

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aponeurosis, lateral part of flexor

digitorum longus & brevis, abductor

digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi

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Transverse arch: peroneus longus

MECHANISM OF ARCH SUPPORT

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SUSPENDING

THE ARCH

FROM ABOVE

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MECHANISM OF ARCH

SUPPORT

SUSPENDING THE ARCH

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FROM ABOVE

Medial longtitudinal arch:

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tibialis anterior, tibialis

posterior, medial ligament of

ankle joint

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Lateral longtitudinal arch:

peroneus longus, peroneus

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brevis

Transverse arch: peroneus

longus

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PES PLANUS (FLAT FOOT)

A condition in which the medial

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longitudinal arch is depressed

The forefoot is everted

The head of talus is forced downward &

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medially

The causes are both congenital and

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acquired