Download MBBS Anatomy PPT 91 Joints I Gk Notes

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? Definition & classification - Joints

? General features of different types of joints.

? Clinical Anatomy

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JOINTS

A site where two or more bones come

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together, whether or not movement

occurs between them, is called a joint.
Classification of Joints

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?Functional classification ? movements

? Immovable joints (SYNARTHROSES)

? Movable joints (DIARTHROSES)

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?Structural classification

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? Fibrous joints,

? Cartilaginous joints,

? Synovial joints.

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Functions:

? Permit movement

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? Growth

? Molding during childbirth

? Concerned with differential growth

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? Transmission of forces


Structural Classification

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a) Fibrous

Fibrous connective tissue

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Al ows very little movement.

b) Cartilaginous

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Cartilage either hyaline or

fibrocartilage

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Al ows slight movement.

c) Synovial

Bony surfaces are covered

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in (hyaline) articular

cartilage and separated by

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a film of viscous synovial

fluid that serves as a

lubricant.

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Freely moving joints


Structural Classification

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a) Fibrous e.g. i) Sutures,

ii) Syndesmosis

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ii ) Gomphosis

b) Cartilaginous e.g. i) Primary Cartilaginous

ii) Secondary cartilaginous

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c) Synovial e.g. i) Uniaxial: Pivot, Hinge-- Bicondylar

ii) Biaxial: El ipsoid , Saddle

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ii ) Polyaxial: Bal & Socket

Movements

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Flexion
Extension
Adduction
Abduction

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Circumduction
Rotation

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SYNARTHROSES / FIBROUS JOINTS

? Bones connected by fibrous tissue: dense

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regular connective tissue

? No joint cavity
? Slightly movable or immovable

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BONE-- fibrous connective tissue--BONE

SYNDESMOSIS

SUTURES

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GOMPHOSIS

SCHINDYLESIS

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SUTURES
bone--col agenous sutural ligament--bone

-Present only between bones of skull.

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-Fibrous tissue is

continuous with

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periosteum

-Sutures ossify and

fuse in middle age:

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Called "synostoses"


TYPES OF SUTURES

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PLANE SUTURE

?Simple apposition of contiguous surfaces,

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? usualy rough and

reciprocal y irregular,

Examples

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? sutures between the

palatine bones,

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? between the maxil ae and

at the palatomaxil ary sutures.

Denticulate Suture

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Has smal tooth like projections,

often widening towards their

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ends to provide effective

interlocking.

When united by sutural

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ligament and periosteum, such

sutures are almost completely

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immobile

The lambdoid suture is a

denticulate suture.

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SERRATED SUTURE

The sagittal suture is serrated.

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Squamous suture

Where bones overlap,

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as at the temporo-

parietal suture, a

squamous suture is

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formed; the adjacent

bone surfaces are

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reciprocal y bevelled.


Syndesmoses

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?In Greek: "ligament"

?Bones connected by

ligaments only

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?Amount of movement

depends on length of

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the fibers: longer than

in sutures

Gomphoses

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?Is a "peg-in-socket"

?Only example is tooth

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with its socket

?Ligament is a short

periodontal ligament

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Schindylesis
?Special kind of suture.
?Between Ala of Vomer

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and

?Rostrum of Sphenoid

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Cartilagenous joints

?Articulating bones united by cartilage
?Lack a joint cavity
?Slightly movable

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?Two types

?Synchondroses (singular:

synchondrosis)

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?Symphyses (singular: symphysis)


Synchondroses

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Primary Cartilaginous Joints

?Literally: "junction of cartilage"

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?A plate or bar of Hyaline cartilage unites

the bones

?Immovable (synarthroses)

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?Examples:

?Epiphyseal plates between epiphysis and

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diaphysis of growing bone.

?Joint between first rib's costal cartilage and

manubrium of the sternum

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Synchondrosis

Symphysis

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Symphyses

Secondary Cartilaginous Joints

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?Literally "growing together"
?Fibrocartilage unites the bones

?Slightly movable (amphiarthroses)

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?Resilient shock absorber

?Provide strength and flexibility

?Hyaline cartilage on articular surfaces of bones

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to reduce friction

?Examples

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?Intervertebral discs

?Pubic symphysis of the pelvis

Symphysis

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Intervertebral Disc

Pubic Symphysis

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MCQS

In what joint is the root of a tooth attached to a

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periodontal ligament and held into a tooth socket?

A.Gomphosis

B. Sutures

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C. Syndesmosis

D.Serrate suture
___________________is a type of cushioning

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joint that allows limited movement and is found

both in the symphysis pubis and in intervertebral

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discs.

A. Gomphosis

B. Symphysis

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C. Synchondroses

D. Syndesmosis

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An epiphyseal plate is what type of joint, even

though it is temporary?

A. Suture

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B. Symphysis

C. Synchondroses

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D. Syndesmosis
The joint between adjacent vertebrae that

includes an invertebral disc is classified as

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which type of joint?

1.diarthrosis

2.multiaxial

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3.amphiarthrosis

4.synarthrosis