Download MBBS Anatomy PPT 91 Joints I Gk Notes

Learning objectives

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? Definition & classification - Joints

? General features of different types of joints.

? Clinical Anatomy

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

JOINTS

A site where two or more bones come

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

together, whether or not movement

occurs between them, is called a joint.
Classification of Joints

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

?Functional classification ? movements

? Immovable joints (SYNARTHROSES)

? Movable joints (DIARTHROSES)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

?Structural classification

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? Fibrous joints,

? Cartilaginous joints,

? Synovial joints.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Functions:

? Permit movement

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? Growth

? Molding during childbirth

? Concerned with differential growth

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? Transmission of forces


Structural Classification

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a) Fibrous

Fibrous connective tissue

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Al ows very little movement.

b) Cartilaginous

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Cartilage either hyaline or

fibrocartilage

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Al ows slight movement.

c) Synovial

Bony surfaces are covered

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

in (hyaline) articular

cartilage and separated by

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a film of viscous synovial

fluid that serves as a

lubricant.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Freely moving joints


Structural Classification

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

a) Fibrous e.g. i) Sutures,

ii) Syndesmosis

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

ii ) Gomphosis

b) Cartilaginous e.g. i) Primary Cartilaginous

ii) Secondary cartilaginous

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

c) Synovial e.g. i) Uniaxial: Pivot, Hinge-- Bicondylar

ii) Biaxial: El ipsoid , Saddle

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

ii ) Polyaxial: Bal & Socket

Movements

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Flexion
Extension
Adduction
Abduction

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Circumduction
Rotation

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

SYNARTHROSES / FIBROUS JOINTS

? Bones connected by fibrous tissue: dense

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

regular connective tissue

? No joint cavity
? Slightly movable or immovable

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

BONE-- fibrous connective tissue--BONE

SYNDESMOSIS

SUTURES

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

GOMPHOSIS

SCHINDYLESIS

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

SUTURES
bone--col agenous sutural ligament--bone

-Present only between bones of skull.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

-Fibrous tissue is

continuous with

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

periosteum

-Sutures ossify and

fuse in middle age:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Called "synostoses"


TYPES OF SUTURES

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

PLANE SUTURE

?Simple apposition of contiguous surfaces,

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? usualy rough and

reciprocal y irregular,

Examples

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? sutures between the

palatine bones,

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? between the maxil ae and

at the palatomaxil ary sutures.

Denticulate Suture

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Has smal tooth like projections,

often widening towards their

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

ends to provide effective

interlocking.

When united by sutural

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

ligament and periosteum, such

sutures are almost completely

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

immobile

The lambdoid suture is a

denticulate suture.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

SERRATED SUTURE

The sagittal suture is serrated.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Squamous suture

Where bones overlap,

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

as at the temporo-

parietal suture, a

squamous suture is

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

formed; the adjacent

bone surfaces are

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

reciprocal y bevelled.


Syndesmoses

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

?In Greek: "ligament"

?Bones connected by

ligaments only

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

?Amount of movement

depends on length of

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

the fibers: longer than

in sutures

Gomphoses

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

?Is a "peg-in-socket"

?Only example is tooth

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

with its socket

?Ligament is a short

periodontal ligament

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Schindylesis
?Special kind of suture.
?Between Ala of Vomer

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

and

?Rostrum of Sphenoid

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Cartilagenous joints

?Articulating bones united by cartilage
?Lack a joint cavity
?Slightly movable

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

?Two types

?Synchondroses (singular:

synchondrosis)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

?Symphyses (singular: symphysis)


Synchondroses

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Primary Cartilaginous Joints

?Literally: "junction of cartilage"

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

?A plate or bar of Hyaline cartilage unites

the bones

?Immovable (synarthroses)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

?Examples:

?Epiphyseal plates between epiphysis and

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

diaphysis of growing bone.

?Joint between first rib's costal cartilage and

manubrium of the sternum

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Synchondrosis

Symphysis

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Symphyses

Secondary Cartilaginous Joints

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

?Literally "growing together"
?Fibrocartilage unites the bones

?Slightly movable (amphiarthroses)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

?Resilient shock absorber

?Provide strength and flexibility

?Hyaline cartilage on articular surfaces of bones

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

to reduce friction

?Examples

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

?Intervertebral discs

?Pubic symphysis of the pelvis

Symphysis

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Intervertebral Disc

Pubic Symphysis

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

MCQS

In what joint is the root of a tooth attached to a

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

periodontal ligament and held into a tooth socket?

A.Gomphosis

B. Sutures

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

C. Syndesmosis

D.Serrate suture
___________________is a type of cushioning

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

joint that allows limited movement and is found

both in the symphysis pubis and in intervertebral

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

discs.

A. Gomphosis

B. Symphysis

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

C. Synchondroses

D. Syndesmosis

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

An epiphyseal plate is what type of joint, even

though it is temporary?

A. Suture

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

B. Symphysis

C. Synchondroses

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

D. Syndesmosis
The joint between adjacent vertebrae that

includes an invertebral disc is classified as

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

which type of joint?

1.diarthrosis

2.multiaxial

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

3.amphiarthrosis

4.synarthrosis