Download MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery) 1st year (First Year) Biochemistry ppt lectures Topic 21 L1 Lipid Chemistry Introduction Notes. - biochemistry notes pdf, biochemistry mbbs 1st year notes pdf, biochemistry mbbs notes pdf, biochemistry lecture notes, paramedical biochemistry notes, medical biochemistry pdf, biochemistry lecture notes 2022 ppt, biochemistry pdf.
INDUCTION OF TOPIC
Chief Constituents Of Food
OR
Enumerate Macro Nutrients
Essential Food Nutrients
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Body Constituents And Functional Biomolecules
Identify A Food Nutrient
Richly Associated
To Fol owing Food Items
Ghee
Butter
Oil
Curds
Cheese
Milk
Chicken
Fish
Eggs
Any Guesses Of Todays Topic???
LIPIDS
CHEMISTRY AND FUNCTIONS
SYNOPSIS/CONTENTS
? WHAT ARE LIPIDS?
? DEFINITION OF LIPIDS
? CLASSIFICATION OF LIPIDS
? STUDY Of BIOMEDICALLY IMPORTANT LIPIDS wrt:
? STRUCTURE
? DISTRIBUTION
? FUNCTIONS
? PROPERTIES
? RELATED DISORDERS
INTRODUCTION
WHAT ARE LIPIDS?
Pattern To Study Biomolecules
? Name of Biomolecule
? Class and Subclass
? Structural Features
? Sources
? Distribution in Body
? Functional aspects
? Interrelationships
? Derangements and Associated Disorders
Look At Structural Forms Of Lipids
Depicts Its Features
? Lipids are :
? Organic Biomolecules
? Occurs in Plants and Animals
? Food Constituents/Nutrients
? Chemical y Esters - has Ester Bonds(-COO)
? Heterogeneous
? Hydrophobic
? Secondary Source of Energy
? Structural Components of Biomembranes
? Signaling and Nerve Impulse Transduction
Names Of Various Lipids
Associated To Human Body
Biomedical y Important Lipids
1. Fatty Acids (FAs)
2. Triacylglycerol (TAG)
3. Phospholipids (PL)
4. Lipoproteins (LP)
5. Glycolipids
6. Cholesterol (Free)Cholesterol-Ester(Esterified)
7. Eicosanoids (PGs,PGI,TX,LT,LX,Resolvin)
Important Features Of Lipids
Heterogeneous Nature Of Lipids
Heterogeneity Of Lipids
L
Alter Lipids
I
P
I
Structure
D
S
Functions
Solubility Of Lipids
Solubility Of Lipids
Lipids are relatively Insoluble in
Water/Polar Solvent
Since they have Uncharged/ Non
polar and Hydrophobic groups in
their structures
Lipids are soluble in Fat Solvents
?Lipids are readily soluble in
?Non polar Organic solvents /Fat Solvents
?Acetone
?Alcohol (Hot)
?Benzene
?Chloroform
?Ether
Size And Density Of Lipids
? Lipids are biomolecules relatively :
?Smal er in size
?Less dense
?(Buoyancy- Float in Water)
Complex Lipid structures
are not Bio-Polymers
? Unlike Complex
Carbohydrates
and Proteins
? Lipid structure
contains no
repeatedly linked
Monomeric units
Chemical Nature Of Lipids
Chemical y
? Most Lipids are Esters of
Lipids are Esters
Fatty acids(-COOH) with
Alcohol (-OH)
? Lipids are relatively or
potential y associated with
Fatty acids.
DEFINITION OF LIPIDS
Bloor's Definition Of Lipids
? Lipids are Organic, Heterogeneous Hydrophobic
Biomolecules
? Relatively insoluble in water and soluble in organic
solvents.
? Chemical y Esters of Fatty acids with Alcohol.
? Utilized by body to produce energy ( ATP)
Sources Of Lipids To Human Body
? Exogenous Sources
? Endogenous Sources
? Ingestion Dietary
? Biosynthesis In Liver
? Intestine
Occurrence /Distribution
Of Lipids In Human Body
? Bio Membranes
? Depot Fat
? Nervous System ?
Brain
? Subcutaneous Layer
of Skin
? Padding of Internal
Soft Organs
Biological Functions Of Lipids
Calorific, Membrane Structural, Signaling
S.No Lipid Form
Biochemical Role
1
Triacylglycerol Predominant Lipid form of Diet
Calorific Value
Reservoir of Energy for long term
Insulator and Mechanical Shock
absorber
2
Fatty acids
FAs Stored as TAG
Oxidize to generate ATP
Components of Phospholipids &
Glycolipids
3
Phospholipids Components of Biomembranes
Lung Surfactant
Clotting Mechanism
S.No Lipid Form
Biochemical Role
4
Glycolipids
Components of Biomembranes
Neurons, Myelin Sheaths
5
Cholesterol
Components of Biomembranes
Nerve Impulse conduction
Precursors of Steroids
6
Cholesterol
Transport ,Storage and excretory form
Ester
of Cholesterol
7
Lipoproteins
Vehicles for transportation of various
forms of Lipids through aqueous phase
of blood and lymph
?Lipids of dietary and
Calorific value
?Triacylglycerol
?Fatty acids
Structural Role Of Lipids
Lipids Associated To Biomembranes
1. Phospholipid bilayer
2. Glycosphingolipids
3. Cholesterol
Lipids
Superior Than
Carbohydrates
Lipids are Superior Than Carbohydrates
? Lipids have Higher Calorific value (9Kcal/gm)
? High storage content , can be stored in unlimited
amount.
? They provide energy source for longer duration.
(During Marathon Races)
? Thus Lipids serve as major
reservoir of energy for long
term use in human beings.
Classification Of Lipids
With Examples of Biomedical y Important
Lipids
Lipids are Classified
Into
Three Main Classes
? Three Main Classes of Lipids are:
i. Simple Lipids
i . Compound /Complex Lipids
i i. Derived Lipids
1. Simple Lipids/Neutral Lipids
? Chemical y Simple Lipids are:
? Esters of Fatty acids with an
Alcohol
Sub Classes Of Simple Lipids
Based On Alcohol
? Depending upon the type of Alcohol :
? Simple Lipids are of two sub types:
? Fats/Oils - Triacylglycerol
(Alcohol is Glycerol)
? Waxes
(Alcohol- Cholesterol/ Retinol)
Chemical name of Fat /Oil
IS
Triacylglycerol (TAG)
TAG- Simple Lipid /Neutral Lipid/ FATS or OILS
Uncharged
? Fats/Oils/TAG
? Esters of Fatty acids
with Glycerol
(Trihydric Alcohol)
? Three Fatty acids
linked to a Glycerol
by ester bonds.
? Waxes :
? Waxes are Simple Lipids
? Waxes are chemical y Esters of Fatty acids
with higher complex, monohydric ,Alcohols,
other than Glycerol.
Examples Of Human Body Waxes :
? Cholesterol Ester
(Cholesteryl Palmitate)
? Retinol Ester
(Retinyl Palmitate)
Compound/Complex Lipids
? Compound Lipids is a class of Lipids
? Chemical y composed of Fatty acids
Alcohol and an Additional group.
Depending upon the
Type of Additional group
Types of Compound Lipids are:
Three Main Compound Lipids
1. Phospholipids
2. Glycolipids
3. Lipoproteins
S. Type of
Additional group
No Compound Present
Lipids
1
Phospholipids Phosphoric acid and
Nitrogen Base
2
Glycolipids
Carbohydrate moieties
3
Lipoproteins Apoproteins
Types Of Phospholipids
Based On Alcohol
?Glycerophospholipds
(Contains ?Glycerol)
?Sphingophospholipids
(Contains ?Sphingol)
Types Of Glycolipids/Glycosphingolipids
?Cerebrosides
?Gangliosides
?Globosides
?Sulfatides
?Al Has Alcohol Sphingol/Sphingosine
Lipoproteins
Aggregation of Lipids and Apoproteins
? Chylomicrons
? Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL)
? Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)
? High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)
Derived Lipids
? Derived Lipids are Hydrolytic products of Simple or
Compound Lipids OR their derivatives.
OR
? Hydrolytic products released from Simple and
Compound Lipids ,who has potency to form them.
Examples of Derived Lipids:
Hydrolytic Products of Simple and Compound Lipids
vFatty Acids
vAlcohols:
?Glycerol
?Sphingol
?Cholesterol
Other Examples Of Derived Lipids
? Lipid like compounds
? Derived from Fatty acids and Sterol/Cholesterol:
? Eicosanoids (Prostaglandins , Leukotrienes
,Thromboxanes)
? Steroidal Hormones: Derived from Cholesterol
? Fat Soluble Vitamins (A,D,E and K)
? Ketone Bodies (Partial Oxidized Products of Fatty
acids)
Bloor's Classification Of Lipids
? Four Classes of Lipids By Bloor
A. Simple Lipids
B. Complex/Compound Lipids
C. Derived Lipids
D. Miscel aneous Lipids
D.Miscellaneous Lipids
Substances with Lipid characters
? Carotenoids: b-Carotenoid
? Squalene :
? Vitamin E and K
? Eicosanoids
Types of Lipids
Depending Upon Polarity
? Neutral Lipids: (Non Polar Lipids)
(Contain No polar Groups/Charged groups)
?Triacylglycerol
?Cholesterol Ester (Cholesterol Palmitate)
? Amphipathic/Amphiphil ic Lipids:
(Contain both Polar and Non polar Groups)
?Phospholipids
?Cholesterol
Types of Lipids
Depending Upon Functions
Types Of Lipids
Based On Alcohol
Types Of Lipids
Based Upon the
Main Components
Types of Lipids
Depending On
Saponification Property
Saponifiable Lipids Undergo Alkaline
Hydrolysis
? A saponifiable lipid is one who undergo Saponification
reaction.
? Saponification is especially an Alkaline hydrolysis of
Ester bond of Fat or an Oil to form Soap.
? In saponification an Ester functional group get
hydrolyzed in presence of Alkaline conditions (NaOH)
producing a free alcohol and fatty acid salt (Soap)
Lipid Based On Saponification
Lipids
Nonsaponifiable
Saponifiable
Steroids
Prostaglandins
Simple
Complex
Sphingolipids
Phosphoglycerides
Waxes
Triglycerides
Study Of Various Classes Of Lipids
This post was last modified on 05 April 2022