Download MBBS Biochemistry PPT 21 L1 Lipid Chemistry Introduction Lecture Notes

Download MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery) 1st year (First Year) Biochemistry ppt lectures Topic 21 L1 Lipid Chemistry Introduction Notes. - biochemistry notes pdf, biochemistry mbbs 1st year notes pdf, biochemistry mbbs notes pdf, biochemistry lecture notes, paramedical biochemistry notes, medical biochemistry pdf, biochemistry lecture notes 2022 ppt, biochemistry pdf.


INDUCTION OF TOPIC

Chief Constituents Of Food

OR

Enumerate Macro Nutrients
Essential Food Nutrients

Carbohydrates

Proteins

Lipids

Body Constituents And Functional Biomolecules

Identify A Food Nutrient

Richly Associated



To Fol owing Food Items


Ghee

Butter

Oil

Curds

Cheese

Milk
Chicken

Fish

Eggs

Any Guesses Of Todays Topic???




LIPIDS

CHEMISTRY AND FUNCTIONS

SYNOPSIS/CONTENTS

? WHAT ARE LIPIDS?

? DEFINITION OF LIPIDS

? CLASSIFICATION OF LIPIDS

? STUDY Of BIOMEDICALLY IMPORTANT LIPIDS wrt:

? STRUCTURE

? DISTRIBUTION

? FUNCTIONS

? PROPERTIES

? RELATED DISORDERS
INTRODUCTION

WHAT ARE LIPIDS?


Pattern To Study Biomolecules

? Name of Biomolecule
? Class and Subclass
? Structural Features
? Sources
? Distribution in Body
? Functional aspects
? Interrelationships
? Derangements and Associated Disorders

Look At Structural Forms Of Lipids

Depicts Its Features
? Lipids are :

? Organic Biomolecules
? Occurs in Plants and Animals
? Food Constituents/Nutrients
? Chemical y Esters - has Ester Bonds(-COO)
? Heterogeneous
? Hydrophobic
? Secondary Source of Energy
? Structural Components of Biomembranes
? Signaling and Nerve Impulse Transduction

Names Of Various Lipids

Associated To Human Body
Biomedical y Important Lipids

1. Fatty Acids (FAs)
2. Triacylglycerol (TAG)
3. Phospholipids (PL)
4. Lipoproteins (LP)
5. Glycolipids
6. Cholesterol (Free)Cholesterol-Ester(Esterified)
7. Eicosanoids (PGs,PGI,TX,LT,LX,Resolvin)

Important Features Of Lipids


Heterogeneous Nature Of Lipids

Heterogeneity Of Lipids

L

Alter Lipids

I
P
I

Structure

D
S

Functions
Solubility Of Lipids

Solubility Of Lipids

Lipids are relatively Insoluble in

Water/Polar Solvent

Since they have Uncharged/ Non

polar and Hydrophobic groups in

their structures


Lipids are soluble in Fat Solvents

?Lipids are readily soluble in


?Non polar Organic solvents /Fat Solvents

?Acetone

?Alcohol (Hot)

?Benzene

?Chloroform

?Ether

Size And Density Of Lipids

? Lipids are biomolecules relatively :

?Smal er in size
?Less dense
?(Buoyancy- Float in Water)


Complex Lipid structures

are not Bio-Polymers

? Unlike Complex

Carbohydrates

and Proteins

? Lipid structure

contains no

repeatedly linked

Monomeric units

Chemical Nature Of Lipids


Chemical y

? Most Lipids are Esters of

Lipids are Esters

Fatty acids(-COOH) with

Alcohol (-OH)

? Lipids are relatively or

potential y associated with

Fatty acids.

DEFINITION OF LIPIDS


Bloor's Definition Of Lipids

? Lipids are Organic, Heterogeneous Hydrophobic

Biomolecules

? Relatively insoluble in water and soluble in organic

solvents.

? Chemical y Esters of Fatty acids with Alcohol.

? Utilized by body to produce energy ( ATP)

Sources Of Lipids To Human Body

? Exogenous Sources

? Endogenous Sources

? Ingestion Dietary

? Biosynthesis In Liver
? Intestine


Occurrence /Distribution

Of Lipids In Human Body

? Bio Membranes

? Depot Fat

? Nervous System ?

Brain

? Subcutaneous Layer

of Skin

? Padding of Internal

Soft Organs

Biological Functions Of Lipids

Calorific, Membrane Structural, Signaling
S.No Lipid Form

Biochemical Role

1

Triacylglycerol Predominant Lipid form of Diet

Calorific Value

Reservoir of Energy for long term

Insulator and Mechanical Shock

absorber

2

Fatty acids

FAs Stored as TAG

Oxidize to generate ATP

Components of Phospholipids &

Glycolipids

3

Phospholipids Components of Biomembranes

Lung Surfactant

Clotting Mechanism

S.No Lipid Form

Biochemical Role

4

Glycolipids

Components of Biomembranes

Neurons, Myelin Sheaths

5

Cholesterol

Components of Biomembranes

Nerve Impulse conduction

Precursors of Steroids

6

Cholesterol

Transport ,Storage and excretory form

Ester

of Cholesterol

7

Lipoproteins

Vehicles for transportation of various

forms of Lipids through aqueous phase

of blood and lymph


?Lipids of dietary and

Calorific value

?Triacylglycerol
?Fatty acids

Structural Role Of Lipids

Lipids Associated To Biomembranes

1. Phospholipid bilayer
2. Glycosphingolipids
3. Cholesterol
Lipids

Superior Than

Carbohydrates

Lipids are Superior Than Carbohydrates

? Lipids have Higher Calorific value (9Kcal/gm)
? High storage content , can be stored in unlimited

amount.

? They provide energy source for longer duration.

(During Marathon Races)
? Thus Lipids serve as major

reservoir of energy for long

term use in human beings.

Classification Of Lipids

With Examples of Biomedical y Important

Lipids
Lipids are Classified

Into

Three Main Classes

? Three Main Classes of Lipids are:

i. Simple Lipids
i . Compound /Complex Lipids
i i. Derived Lipids


1. Simple Lipids/Neutral Lipids

? Chemical y Simple Lipids are:

? Esters of Fatty acids with an

Alcohol

Sub Classes Of Simple Lipids

Based On Alcohol
? Depending upon the type of Alcohol :

? Simple Lipids are of two sub types:

? Fats/Oils - Triacylglycerol

(Alcohol is Glycerol)

? Waxes

(Alcohol- Cholesterol/ Retinol)

Chemical name of Fat /Oil

IS

Triacylglycerol (TAG)


TAG- Simple Lipid /Neutral Lipid/ FATS or OILS

Uncharged

? Fats/Oils/TAG



? Esters of Fatty acids

with Glycerol

(Trihydric Alcohol)

? Three Fatty acids

linked to a Glycerol

by ester bonds.


? Waxes :

? Waxes are Simple Lipids

? Waxes are chemical y Esters of Fatty acids

with higher complex, monohydric ,Alcohols,

other than Glycerol.

Examples Of Human Body Waxes :

? Cholesterol Ester
(Cholesteryl Palmitate)

? Retinol Ester
(Retinyl Palmitate)
Compound/Complex Lipids

? Compound Lipids is a class of Lipids

? Chemical y composed of Fatty acids

Alcohol and an Additional group.

Depending upon the

Type of Additional group

Types of Compound Lipids are:
Three Main Compound Lipids

1. Phospholipids
2. Glycolipids
3. Lipoproteins

S. Type of

Additional group

No Compound Present

Lipids

1

Phospholipids Phosphoric acid and

Nitrogen Base

2

Glycolipids

Carbohydrate moieties

3

Lipoproteins Apoproteins
Types Of Phospholipids

Based On Alcohol

?Glycerophospholipds
(Contains ?Glycerol)

?Sphingophospholipids
(Contains ?Sphingol)

Types Of Glycolipids/Glycosphingolipids

?Cerebrosides

?Gangliosides

?Globosides

?Sulfatides

?Al Has Alcohol Sphingol/Sphingosine
Lipoproteins

Aggregation of Lipids and Apoproteins

? Chylomicrons

? Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL)

? Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)

? High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)

Derived Lipids

? Derived Lipids are Hydrolytic products of Simple or

Compound Lipids OR their derivatives.

OR

? Hydrolytic products released from Simple and

Compound Lipids ,who has potency to form them.
Examples of Derived Lipids:

Hydrolytic Products of Simple and Compound Lipids

vFatty Acids
vAlcohols:

?Glycerol
?Sphingol
?Cholesterol

Other Examples Of Derived Lipids

? Lipid like compounds
? Derived from Fatty acids and Sterol/Cholesterol:

? Eicosanoids (Prostaglandins , Leukotrienes

,Thromboxanes)

? Steroidal Hormones: Derived from Cholesterol
? Fat Soluble Vitamins (A,D,E and K)
? Ketone Bodies (Partial Oxidized Products of Fatty

acids)


Bloor's Classification Of Lipids
? Four Classes of Lipids By Bloor

A. Simple Lipids
B. Complex/Compound Lipids
C. Derived Lipids
D. Miscel aneous Lipids

D.Miscellaneous Lipids

Substances with Lipid characters

? Carotenoids: b-Carotenoid
? Squalene :
? Vitamin E and K
? Eicosanoids
Types of Lipids

Depending Upon Polarity

? Neutral Lipids: (Non Polar Lipids)
(Contain No polar Groups/Charged groups)

?Triacylglycerol
?Cholesterol Ester (Cholesterol Palmitate)

? Amphipathic/Amphiphil ic Lipids:
(Contain both Polar and Non polar Groups)

?Phospholipids
?Cholesterol


Types of Lipids

Depending Upon Functions


Types Of Lipids

Based On Alcohol


Types Of Lipids

Based Upon the

Main Components
Types of Lipids

Depending On

Saponification Property

Saponifiable Lipids Undergo Alkaline

Hydrolysis

? A saponifiable lipid is one who undergo Saponification

reaction.

? Saponification is especially an Alkaline hydrolysis of

Ester bond of Fat or an Oil to form Soap.

? In saponification an Ester functional group get

hydrolyzed in presence of Alkaline conditions (NaOH)

producing a free alcohol and fatty acid salt (Soap)


Lipid Based On Saponification

Lipids

Nonsaponifiable

Saponifiable

Steroids

Prostaglandins

Simple

Complex

Sphingolipids

Phosphoglycerides

Waxes

Triglycerides

Study Of Various Classes Of Lipids

This post was last modified on 05 April 2022