Download MBBS Biochemistry PPT 21 L1 Lipid Chemistry Introduction Lecture Notes

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

OR

Enumerate Macro Nutrients
Essential Food Nutrients

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Carbohydrates

Proteins

Lipids

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Body Constituents And Functional Biomolecules

Identify A Food Nutrient

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

Richly Associated



To Fol owing Food Items

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

Ghee

Butter

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

Oil

Curds

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

Cheese

Milk
Chicken

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

Fish

Eggs

Any Guesses Of Todays Topic?

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

LIPIDS

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

CHEMISTRY AND FUNCTIONS

SYNOPSIS/CONTENTS

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

? WHAT ARE LIPIDS?

? DEFINITION OF LIPIDS

? CLASSIFICATION OF LIPIDS

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? STUDY Of BIOMEDICALLY IMPORTANT LIPIDS wrt:

? STRUCTURE

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

? DISTRIBUTION

? FUNCTIONS

? PROPERTIES

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

? RELATED DISORDERS
INTRODUCTION

WHAT ARE LIPIDS?

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

Pattern To Study Biomolecules

? Name of Biomolecule

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

? Class and Subclass
? Structural Features
? Sources
? Distribution in Body
? Functional aspects

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

? Interrelationships
? Derangements and Associated Disorders

Look At Structural Forms Of Lipids

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

Depicts Its Features
? Lipids are :

? Organic Biomolecules
? Occurs in Plants and Animals

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

? Food Constituents/Nutrients
? Chemical y Esters - has Ester Bonds(-COO)
? Heterogeneous
? Hydrophobic
? Secondary Source of Energy

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

? Structural Components of Biomembranes
? Signaling and Nerve Impulse Transduction

Names Of Various Lipids

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Associated To Human Body
Biomedical y Important Lipids

1. Fatty Acids (FAs)
2. Triacylglycerol (TAG)

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

3. Phospholipids (PL)
4. Lipoproteins (LP)
5. Glycolipids
6. Cholesterol (Free)Cholesterol-Ester(Esterified)
7. Eicosanoids (PGs,PGI,TX,LT,LX,Resolvin)

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

Important Features Of Lipids


Heterogeneous Nature Of Lipids

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

Heterogeneity Of Lipids

L

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

Alter Lipids

I
P
I

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

Structure

D
S

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

Functions
Solubility Of Lipids

Solubility Of Lipids

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

Lipids are relatively Insoluble in

Water/Polar Solvent

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Since they have Uncharged/ Non

polar and Hydrophobic groups in

their structures

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Lipids are soluble in Fat Solvents

?Lipids are readily soluble in

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

?Non polar Organic solvents /Fat Solvents

?Acetone

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

?Alcohol (Hot)

?Benzene

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

?Chloroform

?Ether

Size And Density Of Lipids

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

? Lipids are biomolecules relatively :

?Smal er in size
?Less dense

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

?(Buoyancy- Float in Water)


Complex Lipid structures

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

are not Bio-Polymers

? Unlike Complex

Carbohydrates

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

and Proteins

? Lipid structure

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

contains no

repeatedly linked

Monomeric units

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Chemical Nature Of Lipids


Chemical y

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

? Most Lipids are Esters of

Lipids are Esters

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

Fatty acids(-COOH) with

Alcohol (-OH)

? Lipids are relatively or

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

potential y associated with

Fatty acids.

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

DEFINITION OF LIPIDS


Bloor's Definition Of Lipids

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

? Lipids are Organic, Heterogeneous Hydrophobic

Biomolecules

? Relatively insoluble in water and soluble in organic

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

solvents.

? Chemical y Esters of Fatty acids with Alcohol.

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

? Utilized by body to produce energy ( ATP)

Sources Of Lipids To Human Body

? Exogenous Sources

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

? Endogenous Sources

? Ingestion Dietary

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

? Biosynthesis In Liver
? Intestine


Occurrence /Distribution

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

Of Lipids In Human Body

? Bio Membranes

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

? Depot Fat

? Nervous System ?

Brain

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? Subcutaneous Layer

of Skin

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

? Padding of Internal

Soft Organs

Biological Functions Of Lipids

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

Calorific, Membrane Structural, Signaling
S.No Lipid Form

Biochemical Role

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

1

Triacylglycerol Predominant Lipid form of Diet

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Calorific Value

Reservoir of Energy for long term

Insulator and Mechanical Shock

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

absorber

2

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Fatty acids

FAs Stored as TAG

Oxidize to generate ATP

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Components of Phospholipids &

Glycolipids

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

3

Phospholipids Components of Biomembranes

Lung Surfactant

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

Clotting Mechanism

S.No Lipid Form

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

Biochemical Role

4

Glycolipids

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

Components of Biomembranes

Neurons, Myelin Sheaths

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

5

Cholesterol

Components of Biomembranes

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Nerve Impulse conduction

Precursors of Steroids

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

6

Cholesterol

Transport ,Storage and excretory form

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

Ester

of Cholesterol

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

7

Lipoproteins

Vehicles for transportation of various

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

forms of Lipids through aqueous phase

of blood and lymph

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

?Lipids of dietary and

Calorific value

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

?Triacylglycerol
?Fatty acids

Structural Role Of Lipids

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

Lipids Associated To Biomembranes

1. Phospholipid bilayer
2. Glycosphingolipids
3. Cholesterol

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

Lipids

Superior Than

Carbohydrates

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

Lipids are Superior Than Carbohydrates

? Lipids have Higher Calorific value (9Kcal/gm)
? High storage content , can be stored in unlimited

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

amount.

? They provide energy source for longer duration.

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

(During Marathon Races)
? Thus Lipids serve as major

reservoir of energy for long

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

term use in human beings.

Classification Of Lipids

With Examples of Biomedical y Important

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

Lipids
Lipids are Classified

Into

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Three Main Classes

? Three Main Classes of Lipids are:

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

i. Simple Lipids
i . Compound /Complex Lipids
i i. Derived Lipids

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

1. Simple Lipids/Neutral Lipids

? Chemical y Simple Lipids are:

? Esters of Fatty acids with an

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Alcohol

Sub Classes Of Simple Lipids

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

Based On Alcohol
? Depending upon the type of Alcohol :

? Simple Lipids are of two sub types:

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? Fats/Oils - Triacylglycerol

(Alcohol is Glycerol)

? Waxes

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

(Alcohol- Cholesterol/ Retinol)

Chemical name of Fat /Oil

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

IS

Triacylglycerol (TAG)

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

TAG- Simple Lipid /Neutral Lipid/ FATS or OILS

Uncharged

? Fats/Oils/TAG

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

? Esters of Fatty acids

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

with Glycerol

(Trihydric Alcohol)

? Three Fatty acids

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

linked to a Glycerol

by ester bonds.

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

? Waxes :

? Waxes are Simple Lipids

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

? Waxes are chemical y Esters of Fatty acids

with higher complex, monohydric ,Alcohols,

other than Glycerol.

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

Examples Of Human Body Waxes :

? Cholesterol Ester
(Cholesteryl Palmitate)

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

? Retinol Ester
(Retinyl Palmitate)
Compound/Complex Lipids

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

? Compound Lipids is a class of Lipids

? Chemical y composed of Fatty acids

Alcohol and an Additional group.

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

Depending upon the

Type of Additional group

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

Types of Compound Lipids are:
Three Main Compound Lipids

1. Phospholipids
2. Glycolipids

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

3. Lipoproteins

S. Type of

Additional group

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

No Compound Present

Lipids

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

1

Phospholipids Phosphoric acid and

Nitrogen Base

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

2

Glycolipids

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

Carbohydrate moieties

3

Lipoproteins Apoproteins

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Types Of Phospholipids

Based On Alcohol

?Glycerophospholipds

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

(Contains ?Glycerol)

?Sphingophospholipids
(Contains ?Sphingol)

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

Types Of Glycolipids/Glycosphingolipids

?Cerebrosides

?Gangliosides

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

?Globosides

?Sulfatides

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

?Al Has Alcohol Sphingol/Sphingosine
Lipoproteins

Aggregation of Lipids and Apoproteins

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

? Chylomicrons

? Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL)

? Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

? High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)

Derived Lipids

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? Derived Lipids are Hydrolytic products of Simple or

Compound Lipids OR their derivatives.

OR

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? Hydrolytic products released from Simple and

Compound Lipids ,who has potency to form them.
Examples of Derived Lipids:

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

Hydrolytic Products of Simple and Compound Lipids

vFatty Acids
vAlcohols:

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

?Glycerol
?Sphingol
?Cholesterol

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Other Examples Of Derived Lipids

? Lipid like compounds
? Derived from Fatty acids and Sterol/Cholesterol:

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

? Eicosanoids (Prostaglandins , Leukotrienes

,Thromboxanes)

? Steroidal Hormones: Derived from Cholesterol

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

? Fat Soluble Vitamins (A,D,E and K)
? Ketone Bodies (Partial Oxidized Products of Fatty

acids)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Bloor's Classification Of Lipids
? Four Classes of Lipids By Bloor

A. Simple Lipids

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

B. Complex/Compound Lipids
C. Derived Lipids
D. Miscel aneous Lipids

D.Miscellaneous Lipids

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

Substances with Lipid characters

? Carotenoids: b-Carotenoid
? Squalene :

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

? Vitamin E and K
? Eicosanoids
Types of Lipids

Depending Upon Polarity

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

? Neutral Lipids: (Non Polar Lipids)
(Contain No polar Groups/Charged groups)

?Triacylglycerol

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

?Cholesterol Ester (Cholesterol Palmitate)

? Amphipathic/Amphiphil ic Lipids:
(Contain both Polar and Non polar Groups)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

?Phospholipids
?Cholesterol


Types of Lipids

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

Depending Upon Functions


Types Of Lipids

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

Based On Alcohol


Types Of Lipids

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

Based Upon the

Main Components
Types of Lipids

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

Depending On

Saponification Property

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

Saponifiable Lipids Undergo Alkaline

Hydrolysis

? A saponifiable lipid is one who undergo Saponification

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

reaction.

? Saponification is especially an Alkaline hydrolysis of

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

Ester bond of Fat or an Oil to form Soap.

? In saponification an Ester functional group get

hydrolyzed in presence of Alkaline conditions (NaOH)

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

producing a free alcohol and fatty acid salt (Soap)


Lipid Based On Saponification

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

Lipids

Nonsaponifiable

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

Saponifiable

Steroids

Prostaglandins

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

Simple

Complex

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

Sphingolipids

Phosphoglycerides

Waxes

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Triglycerides

Study Of Various Classes Of Lipids