Download MBBS General Medicine PPT 12 Parasitic Infections Part I Lecture Notes

Download MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery) General Medicine 2022 PPT 12 Parasitic Infections Part I Lecture Notes


Infectious diseases

4/5th Semester Classes on Infectious Diseases, 8-9AM, Tuesdays (LT-1)

Topics

1

Approach to Infectious Diseases and their prevention

2

Antibiotic stewardship practices

3

Community-Acquired Infections

4

Health Care?Associated Infections

5

Gram-Positive Bacteria (part-1)

6

Gram-Positive Bacteria (part-2)

7

Gram-Negative Bacteria (part-1)

8

Gram-Negative Bacteria (part-2)

9

Spirochetal Diseases

10

Diseases Caused by Atypical/Miscellaneous Bacterial Infections

11

Revision-cum-exam on bacteria (Must to know type)

12

Infections Due to DNA Viruses

1

13

Infections Due to RNA Viruses (part 1)

14

Infections Due to RNA Viruses (part 2)

15

HIV/AIDS ? part 1

16

HIV/AIDS ? part 2

17

Fungal Infections

18

Parasitic Infections (part 1)

19

Parasitic Infections (part 2)

20

Revision-cum-exam on Virus, Fungal, and Parasite (Must to know type)

Symbiosis

Commensalism

Mutualism

Parasitism

Overlap between the major categories of symbiosis
Human parasites are divided into:

1. Endoparasites, which cause infection inside the body

2. Ectoparasites, which cause infection superficially within the skin

?Bedbug, Louse, Scabies, Demodex, Flea, etc

Parasite Life Cycle--A generalized mode

Invading

Human residing

Pathogenesis

stage

Infective

Stage to discharge

stage

(soil, water, animal host, insect)

Extra-Human development

Epidemiology

Diagnosis
?Intestinal entry, disease local/distant site

Intestinal protozoans

Giardia lamblia
Cryptosporidium parvum
Entamoeba histolytica

Intestinal worms

Ascaris lumbricoides
Trichuris trichiuria
Taenia saginata
Enterobius vermicularis
? Intestinal entry, disease elsewhere

Acquired toxoplasmosis
Hydatid disease (echinococcus)
Cysticercosis (taenia solium)
Visceral larva migrans (toxocara canis)
Trichinosis (trichinella spiralis)

? Skin entry, intestinal manifestations

Hookworm
Strongyloides
Schistosoma mansoni

? Skin entry, localized disease

Leishmaniasis
Filariasis

? Skin entry, disease by dissemination

Malaria
Trypanosomiasis
Schistosomiasis
Symptoms

Parasite

Abdominal pain and distension

Giardia
Cryptosporidium
Amoebiasis
Ascaris, hookworm, taenia

Diarrhoea +/- malabsorption

Giardia
Cryptosporidium
Strongyloides

Diarrhoea with blood loss

Amoebiasis
Trichuris
Hookworm

Tenesmus, prolapsed rectum

Trichuris

Diagnostic approach

?The cornerstone for the diagnosis is a thorough history of the patient's illness

?Physicians must counsel their patients to ensure that specimens are collected

properly and arrive at the laboratory promptly

?Laboratory personnel and surgical pathologists should be notified in advance

when a parasitic infection is suspected

?The laboratory procedures for detection of parasites in other body fluids are

similar to those used in the examination of feces

?Stool collection kit with instructions for patients to transfer portions of the

sample directly into bacterial carrier medium and fixative

? Refrigeration will preserve trophozoites for a few hours and cysts and ova for

several days

?Contamination with water (which could contain free-living protozoa) or with

urine (which can damage trophozoites) should be avoided

?Microscopic examination of feces is not complete until direct wet mounts

(physiologic saline and dilute iodine solution), concentration techniques (formalin

-ether sedimentation and zinc sulfate flotation), and permanent stains have been

applied


Thank you

This post was last modified on 05 April 2022