Download MBBS General Medicine PPT 12 Parasitic Infections Part I Lecture Notes

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Topics

1

Approach to Infectious Diseases and their prevention

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2

Antibiotic stewardship practices

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3

Community-Acquired Infections

4

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Health Care?Associated Infections

5

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Gram-Positive Bacteria (part-1)

6

Gram-Positive Bacteria (part-2)

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7

Gram-Negative Bacteria (part-1)

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8

Gram-Negative Bacteria (part-2)

9

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Spirochetal Diseases

10

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Diseases Caused by Atypical/Miscellaneous Bacterial Infections

11

Revision-cum-exam on bacteria (Must to know type)

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12

Infections Due to DNA Viruses

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1

13

Infections Due to RNA Viruses (part 1)

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14

Infections Due to RNA Viruses (part 2)

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15

HIV/AIDS ? part 1

16

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HIV/AIDS ? part 2

17

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Fungal Infections

18

Parasitic Infections (part 1)

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19

Parasitic Infections (part 2)

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20

Revision-cum-exam on Virus, Fungal, and Parasite (Must to know type)

Symbiosis

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Commensalism

Mutualism

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Parasitism

Overlap between the major categories of symbiosis
Human parasites are divided into:

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1. Endoparasites, which cause infection inside the body

2. Ectoparasites, which cause infection superficially within the skin

?Bedbug, Louse, Scabies, Demodex, Flea, etc

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Parasite Life Cycle--A generalized mode

Invading

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Human residing

Pathogenesis

stage

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Infective

Stage to discharge

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stage

(soil, water, animal host, insect)

Extra-Human development

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Epidemiology

Diagnosis
?Intestinal entry, disease local/distant site

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Intestinal protozoans

Giardia lamblia
Cryptosporidium parvum

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Entamoeba histolytica

Intestinal worms

Ascaris lumbricoides

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Trichuris trichiuria
Taenia saginata
Enterobius vermicularis
? Intestinal entry, disease elsewhere

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Acquired toxoplasmosis
Hydatid disease (echinococcus)
Cysticercosis (taenia solium)
Visceral larva migrans (toxocara canis)
Trichinosis (trichinella spiralis)

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? Skin entry, intestinal manifestations

Hookworm
Strongyloides

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Schistosoma mansoni

? Skin entry, localized disease

Leishmaniasis

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Filariasis

? Skin entry, disease by dissemination

Malaria

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Trypanosomiasis
Schistosomiasis
Symptoms

Parasite

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Abdominal pain and distension

Giardia
Cryptosporidium

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Amoebiasis
Ascaris, hookworm, taenia

Diarrhoea +/- malabsorption

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Giardia
Cryptosporidium
Strongyloides

Diarrhoea with blood loss

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Amoebiasis
Trichuris
Hookworm

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Tenesmus, prolapsed rectum

Trichuris

Diagnostic approach

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?The cornerstone for the diagnosis is a thorough history of the patient's illness

?Physicians must counsel their patients to ensure that specimens are collected

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properly and arrive at the laboratory promptly

?Laboratory personnel and surgical pathologists should be notified in advance

when a parasitic infection is suspected

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?The laboratory procedures for detection of parasites in other body fluids are

similar to those used in the examination of feces

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?Stool collection kit with instructions for patients to transfer portions of the

sample directly into bacterial carrier medium and fixative

? Refrigeration will preserve trophozoites for a few hours and cysts and ova for

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several days

?Contamination with water (which could contain free-living protozoa) or with

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urine (which can damage trophozoites) should be avoided

?Microscopic examination of feces is not complete until direct wet mounts

(physiologic saline and dilute iodine solution), concentration techniques (formalin

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-ether sedimentation and zinc sulfate flotation), and permanent stains have been

applied

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Thank you