Download MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery) General Medicine 2022 PPT 12 Parasitic Infections Part I Lecture Notes
Infectious diseases
4/5th Semester Classes on Infectious Diseases, 8-9AM, Tuesdays (LT-1)
Topics
1
Approach to Infectious Diseases and their prevention
2
Antibiotic stewardship practices
3
Community-Acquired Infections
4
Health Care?Associated Infections
5
Gram-Positive Bacteria (part-1)
6
Gram-Positive Bacteria (part-2)
7
Gram-Negative Bacteria (part-1)
8
Gram-Negative Bacteria (part-2)
9
Spirochetal Diseases
10
Diseases Caused by Atypical/Miscellaneous Bacterial Infections
11
Revision-cum-exam on bacteria (Must to know type)
12
Infections Due to DNA Viruses
1
13
Infections Due to RNA Viruses (part 1)
14
Infections Due to RNA Viruses (part 2)
15
HIV/AIDS ? part 1
16
HIV/AIDS ? part 2
17
Fungal Infections
18
Parasitic Infections (part 1)
19
Parasitic Infections (part 2)
20
Revision-cum-exam on Virus, Fungal, and Parasite (Must to know type)
Symbiosis
Commensalism
Mutualism
Parasitism
Overlap between the major categories of symbiosis
Human parasites are divided into:
1. Endoparasites, which cause infection inside the body
2. Ectoparasites, which cause infection superficially within the skin
?Bedbug, Louse, Scabies, Demodex, Flea, etc
Parasite Life Cycle--A generalized mode
Invading
Human residing
Pathogenesis
stage
Infective
Stage to discharge
stage
(soil, water, animal host, insect)
Extra-Human development
Epidemiology
Diagnosis
?Intestinal entry, disease local/distant site
Intestinal protozoans
Giardia lamblia
Cryptosporidium parvum
Entamoeba histolytica
Intestinal worms
Ascaris lumbricoides
Trichuris trichiuria
Taenia saginata
Enterobius vermicularis
? Intestinal entry, disease elsewhere
Acquired toxoplasmosis
Hydatid disease (echinococcus)
Cysticercosis (taenia solium)
Visceral larva migrans (toxocara canis)
Trichinosis (trichinella spiralis)
? Skin entry, intestinal manifestations
Hookworm
Strongyloides
Schistosoma mansoni
? Skin entry, localized disease
Leishmaniasis
Filariasis
? Skin entry, disease by dissemination
Malaria
Trypanosomiasis
Schistosomiasis
Symptoms
Parasite
Abdominal pain and distension
Giardia
Cryptosporidium
Amoebiasis
Ascaris, hookworm, taenia
Diarrhoea +/- malabsorption
Giardia
Cryptosporidium
Strongyloides
Diarrhoea with blood loss
Amoebiasis
Trichuris
Hookworm
Tenesmus, prolapsed rectum
Trichuris
Diagnostic approach
?The cornerstone for the diagnosis is a thorough history of the patient's illness
?Physicians must counsel their patients to ensure that specimens are collected
properly and arrive at the laboratory promptly
?Laboratory personnel and surgical pathologists should be notified in advance
when a parasitic infection is suspected
?The laboratory procedures for detection of parasites in other body fluids are
similar to those used in the examination of feces
?Stool collection kit with instructions for patients to transfer portions of the
sample directly into bacterial carrier medium and fixative
? Refrigeration will preserve trophozoites for a few hours and cysts and ova for
several days
?Contamination with water (which could contain free-living protozoa) or with
urine (which can damage trophozoites) should be avoided
?Microscopic examination of feces is not complete until direct wet mounts
(physiologic saline and dilute iodine solution), concentration techniques (formalin
-ether sedimentation and zinc sulfate flotation), and permanent stains have been
applied
Thank you
This post was last modified on 05 April 2022