Download MBBS Ophthalmology PPT 38 Ocular Lecture Notes

Download MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery) Ophthalmology PPT 38 Ocular Lecture Notes


OCULAR EXAMINATION

Aim and Objectives

? Understand the fundamental principles and perform

a systematic eye examination.

? On completion of this session you will be able to:
- Recognize normal and abnormal anatomy
- Systematically examine an eye
- Correctly document examination findings
Equipment required to examine an eye

? Fine beamed torch
? Cotton buds
? Local anaesthetic eye drops, eg Paracaine
Fluorescein strips
? Magnification ? slit lamp, indirect

ophthalmoscope, loupes

Patient Assessment

? General Physical Examination

- Sclera ? for jaundice

- Conjuntiva ? Anemia

- Lids ? xanthelesma

- Puffy eye lids ? Nephrotic syndrome, Thyroid eye

ds, Hypertension

- Lympadenopathy ? Tuberculosis, tumor and viral

conjuntivitis

- Parotid swel ing or lacrimal gland swel ing


Systemic Examination

? In view of ocular diseases as ocular signs can be

early manifestation of systemic diseases.

- Scleritis

- Dry Eye

- Peripheral corneal ulcers

- Uveitis

- Dislocation of lens

-

Ocular examination

? Vision Assessment ?
- Visual acuity ? Estimation of its ability to

discriminate between two points
- Snellens chart
-


Optokinetic nystagmus


? Projection of rays- PR

? Field of vision
- Confrontation test
- Perimetry
Kinetic
Static

? Head Posture




? Forehead

? Eye Brows
Level
Whitening
Absence of lashes


Orbital margins

? Trauma

? Tumors

? Lids and Lashes




Lagophthalmos

Lid Retraction

Visual Axis ? Alignment


Ocular movements

Duction ? unilateral movement

Version ? binocular

movement in same

direction


? Proptosis

? Enophthalmos

? Regurgitation test
? Conjunctiva

- Colour
- Chemosis
- Congestion

Conjunctiva

Covers the inside of eyelids and the sclera ? does

not pass over the cornea; is vascular.

? Normal

? translucent, flat, sclera visible beneath

? Abnormal

? Injected - bloodshot

? Chemosis (oedema)

? Discharge

? Subconjunctival haemorrhage ? Lacerations

? Lesions


Eversion of lids

Double eversion


Chemosis

Congestion
Episcleritis

Scleritis


Conjuntival degenerations

Pinguecula

Pterygium
Vitamin A Deficiency

Cornea

? Size - 11.7 mm and 12.6 mm

Microcornea - <10mm

Megalocornea - >13mm

? Shape ? watch glass

? Surface ?

? Transparency

? Sensitivity-

? Sheen
Anterior Chamber

Shallow ?

Deep ?

Irregular ?

Abnormal Content -


IRIS

? Color-
Heterochromia iridium- Different colour of two

eyes
Heterochromia iridis ?Different colour of same

iris
? Iris Pattern-
? Iris Defects


Pupil

? Size ? Miosis, Mydriasis , Anisocoria

? Shape ? Irregular, Festooned

? Number - polycoria

? Reaction ? Direct, Indirect, Marcus gunn
Lens

? Position ?

Subluxation

Dislocation

? Shape ? Biconvex

Spherophakia

Lenticonus

Coloboma

? Color ? Brown/ Black , Greyish white , Pearly

white, Milky White





? Snow flake cataract
? Sunflower cataract
? Rosette cataract
? Christmas tree cataract
Digital Tension

This post was last modified on 07 April 2022