Download MBBS Ophthalmology PPT 38 Ocular Lecture Notes

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

? Understand the fundamental principles and perform

a systematic eye examination.

? On completion of this session you will be able to:

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

- Recognize normal and abnormal anatomy
- Systematically examine an eye
- Correctly document examination findings
Equipment required to examine an eye

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

? Fine beamed torch
? Cotton buds
? Local anaesthetic eye drops, eg Paracaine
Fluorescein strips
? Magnification ? slit lamp, indirect

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

ophthalmoscope, loupes

Patient Assessment

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

? General Physical Examination

- Sclera ? for jaundice

- Conjuntiva ? Anemia

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

- Lids ? xanthelesma

- Puffy eye lids ? Nephrotic syndrome, Thyroid eye

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

ds, Hypertension

- Lympadenopathy ? Tuberculosis, tumor and viral

conjuntivitis

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

- Parotid swel ing or lacrimal gland swel ing


Systemic Examination

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

? In view of ocular diseases as ocular signs can be

early manifestation of systemic diseases.

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

- Scleritis

- Dry Eye

- Peripheral corneal ulcers

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

- Uveitis

- Dislocation of lens

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

-

Ocular examination

? Vision Assessment ?

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

- Visual acuity ? Estimation of its ability to

discriminate between two points
- Snellens chart
-

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

Optokinetic nystagmus

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

? Projection of rays- PR

? Field of vision
- Confrontation test
- Perimetry

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

Kinetic
Static

? Head Posture

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

? Forehead

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

? Eye Brows
Level
Whitening
Absence of lashes

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

Orbital margins

? Trauma

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

? Tumors

? Lids and Lashes

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

Lagophthalmos

Lid Retraction

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

Visual Axis ? Alignment


Ocular movements

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

Duction ? unilateral movement

Version ? binocular

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

movement in same

direction

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? Proptosis

? Enophthalmos

? Regurgitation test

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

? Conjunctiva

- Colour
- Chemosis
- Congestion

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

Conjunctiva

Covers the inside of eyelids and the sclera ? does

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

not pass over the cornea; is vascular.

? Normal

? translucent, flat, sclera visible beneath

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

? Abnormal

? Injected - bloodshot

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

? Chemosis (oedema)

? Discharge

? Subconjunctival haemorrhage ? Lacerations

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

? Lesions


Eversion of lids

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

Double eversion


Chemosis

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

Congestion
Episcleritis

Scleritis

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Conjuntival degenerations

Pinguecula

--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---

Pterygium
Vitamin A Deficiency

Cornea

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

? Size - 11.7 mm and 12.6 mm

Microcornea - <10mm

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

Megalocornea - >13mm

? Shape ? watch glass

? Surface ?

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

? Transparency

? Sensitivity-

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

? Sheen
Anterior Chamber

Shallow ?

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

Deep ?

Irregular ?

Abnormal Content -

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

IRIS

? Color-

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

Heterochromia iridium- Different colour of two

eyes
Heterochromia iridis ?Different colour of same

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

iris
? Iris Pattern-
? Iris Defects

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

Pupil

? Size ? Miosis, Mydriasis , Anisocoria

? Shape ? Irregular, Festooned

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

? Number - polycoria

? Reaction ? Direct, Indirect, Marcus gunn
Lens

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

? Position ?

Subluxation

--- Content provided by‍ FirstRanker.com ---

Dislocation

? Shape ? Biconvex

Spherophakia

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

Lenticonus

Coloboma

--- Content provided by​ FirstRanker.com ---

? Color ? Brown/ Black , Greyish white , Pearly

white, Milky White

--- Content provided by⁠ FirstRanker.com ---

? Snow flake cataract
? Sunflower cataract

--- Content provided by‌ FirstRanker.com ---

? Rosette cataract
? Christmas tree cataract
Digital Tension