Download MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery) Ophthalmology PPT 38 Ocular Lecture Notes
OCULAR EXAMINATION
Aim and Objectives
? Understand the fundamental principles and perform
a systematic eye examination.
? On completion of this session you will be able to:
- Recognize normal and abnormal anatomy
- Systematically examine an eye
- Correctly document examination findings
Equipment required to examine an eye
? Fine beamed torch
? Cotton buds
? Local anaesthetic eye drops, eg Paracaine
Fluorescein strips
? Magnification ? slit lamp, indirect
ophthalmoscope, loupes
Patient Assessment
? General Physical Examination
- Sclera ? for jaundice
- Conjuntiva ? Anemia
- Lids ? xanthelesma
- Puffy eye lids ? Nephrotic syndrome, Thyroid eye
ds, Hypertension
- Lympadenopathy ? Tuberculosis, tumor and viral
conjuntivitis
- Parotid swel ing or lacrimal gland swel ing
Systemic Examination
? In view of ocular diseases as ocular signs can be
early manifestation of systemic diseases.
- Scleritis
- Dry Eye
- Peripheral corneal ulcers
- Uveitis
- Dislocation of lens
-
Ocular examination
? Vision Assessment ?
- Visual acuity ? Estimation of its ability to
discriminate between two points
- Snellens chart
-
Optokinetic nystagmus
? Projection of rays- PR
? Field of vision
- Confrontation test
- Perimetry
Kinetic
Static
? Head Posture
? Forehead
? Eye Brows
Level
Whitening
Absence of lashes
Orbital margins
? Trauma
? Tumors
? Lids and Lashes
Lagophthalmos
Lid Retraction
Visual Axis ? Alignment
Ocular movements
Duction ? unilateral movement
Version ? binocular
movement in same
direction
? Proptosis
? Enophthalmos
? Regurgitation test
? Conjunctiva
- Colour
- Chemosis
- Congestion
Conjunctiva
Covers the inside of eyelids and the sclera ? does
not pass over the cornea; is vascular.
? Normal
? translucent, flat, sclera visible beneath
? Abnormal
? Injected - bloodshot
? Chemosis (oedema)
? Discharge
? Subconjunctival haemorrhage ? Lacerations
? Lesions
Eversion of lids
Double eversion
Chemosis
Congestion
Episcleritis
Scleritis
Conjuntival degenerations
Pinguecula
Pterygium
Vitamin A Deficiency
Cornea
? Size - 11.7 mm and 12.6 mm
Microcornea - <10mm
Megalocornea - >13mm
? Shape ? watch glass
? Surface ?
? Transparency
? Sensitivity-
? Sheen
Anterior Chamber
Shallow ?
Deep ?
Irregular ?
Abnormal Content -
IRIS
? Color-
Heterochromia iridium- Different colour of two
eyes
Heterochromia iridis ?Different colour of same
iris
? Iris Pattern-
? Iris Defects
Pupil
? Size ? Miosis, Mydriasis , Anisocoria
? Shape ? Irregular, Festooned
? Number - polycoria
? Reaction ? Direct, Indirect, Marcus gunn
Lens
? Position ?
Subluxation
Dislocation
? Shape ? Biconvex
Spherophakia
Lenticonus
Coloboma
? Color ? Brown/ Black , Greyish white , Pearly
white, Milky White
? Snow flake cataract
? Sunflower cataract
? Rosette cataract
? Christmas tree cataract
Digital Tension
This post was last modified on 07 April 2022