Download MBBS Nephrology PPT 5 Major Manifestation Lecture Notes

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Upper Vs Lower

? Upper- Kidney & ureters
? Lower- Ur Bladder, Urethra, prostate
Hematuria

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? >2 RBCs/HPF in a centrifuged urine specimen.
? Glomerular Vs Non- Glomerular
? Non- Glomerular Causes-
- Urological

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- Interstitial
- Vascular
- Unknown Source

Pyuria

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? >5 polymorphonuclear cells/HPF of centifuged

urine specimen.

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? Causes-
-UTI
-Urinary stones
-Urinary TB.
Eosinophiluria

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? >1% of cells in the urine sediment.
? Stains- Hansel's and Wright's
? Causes-
- AIN

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- UTI
- DN
- AERD

Volume abnormalities

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Anuria-
? <100 ml of urine in 24 hrs.
? Causes- UTO, ACN

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Oliguria-
? <400 ml of urine in 24 hrs.
? Causes- AKI, RPRF, CGN.
Polyuria-
? >2.5 l of urine in 24 hrs

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? Causes- DI, Psychogenic, Pregnancy

LUT-Syptomatology

? Irritative-

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- Dysuria ? difficulty on pain during voiding.
- Frequency ? abnormally frequent micturition
- Nocturia- night time urine volume >20-30%

of total 24hrs urine volume

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? Obstructive ?
- poor urinary stream
-

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