Download MBBS Nephrology PPT 5 Major Manifestation Lecture Notes

Download MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery) Nephrology PPT 5 Major Manifestation Lecture Notes

Major Manifestations of

Urinary Tract

Upper Vs Lower

? Upper- Kidney & ureters
? Lower- Ur Bladder, Urethra, prostate
Hematuria

? >2 RBCs/HPF in a centrifuged urine specimen.
? Glomerular Vs Non- Glomerular
? Non- Glomerular Causes-
- Urological
- Interstitial
- Vascular
- Unknown Source

Pyuria

? >5 polymorphonuclear cells/HPF of centifuged

urine specimen.

? Causes-
-UTI
-Urinary stones
-Urinary TB.
Eosinophiluria

? >1% of cells in the urine sediment.
? Stains- Hansel's and Wright's
? Causes-
- AIN
- UTI
- DN
- AERD

Volume abnormalities

Anuria-
? <100 ml of urine in 24 hrs.
? Causes- UTO, ACN

Oliguria-
? <400 ml of urine in 24 hrs.
? Causes- AKI, RPRF, CGN.
Polyuria-
? >2.5 l of urine in 24 hrs
? Causes- DI, Psychogenic, Pregnancy

LUT-Syptomatology

? Irritative-
- Dysuria ? difficulty on pain during voiding.
- Frequency ? abnormally frequent micturition
- Nocturia- night time urine volume >20-30%

of total 24hrs urine volume


? Obstructive ?
- poor urinary stream
-