[Max. Marks: 100]
Principles of Epidemiology
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Q.P. CODE: 9762
(QP contains two pages)
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Your answers should be specific to the questions asked. Draw neat, labeled diagrams wherever necessary.LONG ESSAY
3 X 10 = 30 Marks
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1.
An epidemiologist conducted a study to examine the relationship between oral contraceptive
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pills and uterine tumors. He followed women who use and do not use oral contraceptive pillsover a five year period. He found that 85 of the 450 individuals who use oral contraceptive pills
developed uterine tumor, while 225 of 3050 individuals who do not use oral contraceptive pills
developed uterine tumor. Answer the following questions based on the above data.
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a) What type of study is this?
b) What is the incidence among the exposed?
c) What incidence of is among unexposed?
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d) What is relative risk?2.
Classify epidemiological study designs. Design a Randomized control trial for studying Drug A
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and Drug B.
3.
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Recently in Bangalore a festival was organized in a temple, following which there was episodeof outbreak. An epidemiologist identified that 84 cases with onset of sign and symptoms of
diarrhea was observed during the Bangalore temple festival. It was observed that 74 cases
were detected, all had eaten lunch at temple. Nearly 15 members did not each lunch, none
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became ill. Calculate the attack rate for those who ate lunch and those who did not. What do
you infer from the data available
SHORT ESSAY (Answer any ten)
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10 X 05 = 50 Marks
4.
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Discuss YPLL as epidemiological measure.5.
Compare and discuss the effect modification with confounding.
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6.
Explain any two types of association with suitable example.
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7.Define bias. Discuss measurement bias with suitable example.
8.
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How will you evaluate a screening test?
9.
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Health authorities in a municipal corporation reported that 25 dengue cases requiredhospitalization in a community of 65000 during a recent national holiday. Eight additional
cases of Dengue were reported during the following month, and two of these died. What was
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the prevalence rate of dengue cases requiring hospitalization on holiday and for the period aswhole?
10.
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Explain the relationship of incidence and prevalence with suitable example.11.
Discuss the levels of prevention and give examples.
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12.
Discuss role of spot map in epidemiology.
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13.A note on rate, ratio and proportion.
14.
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Explain epidemic curves and types of outbreak with examples.
15.
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In year 2002, a researcher conducted a case control study and explored an associationbetween coffee drinking and angina pectoris. The following data were reported. Among the
study population 150 men and women who consumed coffee reported with symptoms of
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angina. 75 men and women did not develop any symptoms of angina. Among the 300controls 45 men and women were diagnosed and treated for angina.
a) Design a 2 X 2 table
b) Calculate the odds ratio and also interpret the results of odds ratio.
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OBJECTIVE TYPE (MCQ's, One word, True/False or One/Two
10 X 02 = 20 Marks
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Sentence)16.
Public health surveillance does not include the following activities
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a) Data collection
b) Data analysis
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Page 1 of 2Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences
c) Disease control
d) Data dissemination.
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17.
Secondary prevention of diseases does Not focus on
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a) Early detection and quick treatmentb) Screening for diseases
c) Restore or improve health
d) Therapeutic and rehabilitative measures.
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18.
Randomization can be used to control for confounding and selection bias in clinical trials True
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/False.19.
A cause must always precede an outcome. True/False.
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20.
Which of the following is not a primary requirement for the conducting screening for disease
control?
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a) Prevalence of the disease should be high in the subclinical population under
study.
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b) The government should fund the programc) There should be a favorable prognosis for early treatment of the disease
d) The disease should be serious.
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21.Define cause specific mortality rate.
22.
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In a cohort study, the study population includes persons eligible to be selected but who would
have been lost to follow-up if actually followed. True / false
23.
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Attributable Risk ratio.
24.
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For a cohort study, define:a) Individual risk
b) Relative risk
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25.Define the term cyclic variation.
* * * * *
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