Download MBBS Physiology Presentations Renal Physiology ? Introductory Lecture Notes

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`Physiologic' freedom

Components of Urinary/Excretory/Renal system

External features & location of kidneys & applied aspects.

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Inner structure of kidneys
Introduction to Renal system

Kidneys play very imp role

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to keep

Constancy of `internal milieu'

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&
allow `physiologic freedom'

Physiologic freedom is possible as

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kidneys can modulate the processes of excretion

according to need.
Excretory System/Urinary System-components

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Excretary System/Urinary System-

Structures and function

Kidneys

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Urinary tract

Urinary bladder

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Urethra
External structure of Kidneys

Kidneys ?

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paired, reddish, bean

shaped organs,

Location of Kidneys-Located retroperitoneally

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Applied aspect

if these lower ribs are fractured (#) by trauma ?

they can puncture the kidneys & cause major damage.

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Applied: `Loin to Groin' Pain
Causes

renal stone

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pyelonephritis

perinephric abscess

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*Because the kidney is directly anterior to this area, tapping

disturbs the inflamed tissue, causing pain.
Inner structure of kidney

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A frontal section through kidney shows two

distinct regions:

1. Superficial (outer) renal cortex

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2. Deep (inner region) is called renal medul a

Together, renal cortex & renal pyramids constitute renal parenchyma.

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Inner structure of kidney - renal lobe
Inner structure of kidney - Cortex & Medul a

Functional Configuration of Kidney

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Nephrons

`papil ae of renal pyramids'
Minor (8-9) and Major (3-4) calyces)
Renal pelvis (pelv- basin)

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Out through ureter
urinary bladder.
Renal hilum and renal sinus

Renal hilum

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Renal sinus

Blood supply to kidney - nephrons

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/ Cortical radiate a &

v

Aorta

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IVC

Renal Artery

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Renal vein

Segmental Artery

Interlobar A

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Interlobar vein

Arcuate A

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Arcuate vein

Interlobular A

Interlobular vein

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(Cortical radiate artery)

Afferent Arteriole

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Glomerular cp tuft

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Efferent Arteriole PTC & Vasa recta
Blood supply to kidney - Nephrons

Aorta

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IVC

Renal Artery

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Renal vein

Segmental Artery

Interlobar A

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Interlobar vein

Arcuate A

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Arcuate vein

Interlobular A

Interlobular vein

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(Cortical radiate artery)

Afferent Arteriole

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Glomerular cp tuft

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Efferent Arteriole PTC & Vasa recta

Salient features of the lecture
As we know morphological and anatomical characteristics ?we can relate these to

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functioning of kidney

Components of excretory system:

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Location- r

Loin to Groin Pain, Tenderness of Costovertebral angle / Renal angle

Two distinct regions in kidney...

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The renal lobe

Nephrons

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Aorta Renal Artery
Self Assessment

Urinary tract actually includes

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Kidneys are situated at this vertebrae level:

1. Ureter

1. L

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2. Ureter and pelvis

1-L4

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2. L

3. Calyces, pelvis and ureter

2-L4

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3. T8-T12

4. Calyces and ureter

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4. T12-L3

In kidney, pyramids represent:

Afferent Arteriole is a branch of

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1. Cortex

1. Segmental artery

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2. Medulla

2. Arcuate artery

3. Cortex and medulla

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3. Interlobar artery

4. Cortical radiate artery

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4. Renal column