Download MBBS Surgery Presentations 37 Lymphatic System Lecture Notes

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Lymph

What is lymph ?

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Tissue fluid (interstitial fluid) that enters the

lymphatic vessels

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Formation and transport of tissue fluid

Lymphatic system

Essentially a drainage

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system accessory to

venous system

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larger particles that escape into

tissue fluid can only be removed

via lymphatic system

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Functions

?Network that filters antigens from the interstitial fluid

?Primary site of immune response from tissue antigens

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?Lymphatic drainage in al organs of the body except brain, eyes, marrow

and cartilage

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?Flaccid thin wal ed channels progressive caliber

?600 lymph nodes in body

?Slow flow, low pressure system returns interstitial fluid to the blood system

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Components of lymphatics

? Lymph

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? Lymphatic Vessels

? Lymphatic Organs

? Lymphatic cells

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Secondary lymphoid tissue

Lymphatic Capil aries

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24-

8Features of structure:

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Blind end
Single layer of overlapping endothelial

cells

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More permeable than that of blood

capillary

Absent from avascular structures, brain,

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spinal cord splenic pulp and bone

marrow

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Lymphatic Vessels

24-

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9

?Three layered wall but thinner

than vein

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?More numerous valves than

in vein

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?Interposed by lymph nodes at

intervals

?Arranged in superficial and

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deep sets

Lymph Trunks

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? Right and left jugular trunks

? Right and left subclavian trunks

? Right and left bronchomediastinal trunks

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? Right and left lumbar trunks

? Intestinal trunk

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Lymphatic Ducts

Right lymphatic duct

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Thoracic duct

Lymphatic Cel s

24-

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12 Also called lymphoid cells

Located in both the lymphatic system and the cardiovascular

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system.

Work together to elicit an immune response.
Types of lymphatic cells are:

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? Macrophages
? Epithelial cells
? Dendritic cells
? Lymphocytes

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Lymphatic Organs

Primary organs

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?Red bone marrow
?Thymus gland


Secondary organs

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?Lymph nodes
?Lymph nodules
?Spleen

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Lymph nodes

Capsular shel
Fibroblasts and reticulin

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fibers

Macrophages
Dendritic cel s
T cel s

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B cel s

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Head & Neck Nodes

Axil ary Nodes

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Inguinal Lymph nodes

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Lymphangitis

Inflammation of the lymph vessels

Commonest cause bacteria called streptococcus

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pyogenes(most common).

Lymph vessels appear as red streaks through the

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skin

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Filariasis

Lymphedema

Occurs due to accumulation of

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lymphatic fluid in the interstitial

tissue

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Sometimes can be appreciated

after wearing tight clothing or

jewellary on affected limb

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Lymphadenopathy

Means a disease of the

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lymph nodes

Lymph nodes become

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swollen/ enlarged and

may be painful to touch

Lymphomas

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Cancers originating either

from the lymphocytes in the

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lymph nodes or the

lymphatic tissue in organs

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Tonsil itis

Infection of the pharyngeal

tonsils

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Tonsils are swollen,
Fever and pain during

swallowing usually present

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