Download MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery) 1st Year, 2nd Year, 3rd Year and Final year Transfusion Medicine and Blood Bank 3 Donor Screening And Vbd Camps PPT-Powerpoint Presentations and lecture notes
DONOR SCREENING
AND
VOLUNTARY BLOOD DONATION CAMPS
SOURCE OF BLOOD
?Blood Donor
?Value Blood Donor as VIP
?Should meet defined Donor Selection criteria
BLOOD DONATION
Cornerstone of safe and adequate blood supply :
? Motivation
? Recruitment
? Retention of voluntary , non-remunerated blood donors
TYPES OF BLOOD
DONORS
1. Voluntary Non Remunerated Donors
2. Replacement Donors
3. Allogeneic Donors
4. Autologous Blood Donors
5. Apheresis Donors
6. Directed Donors
7. Professional Donors
DONOR SELECTION
?Registration, Demographic information and Consent
of the donor
?Medical history
?Physical examination
?Laboratory tests
STAGES OF BLOOD DONOR SCREENING
1. Pre-Donation information
2. Pre-Donation counselling
3. Donor Questionnaire and medical examination
4. Counselling during Blood Donation
5. Post-donation counselling
Donor Information
Donor be informed about blood donation and safety
Mandatory testing for HIV, HCV, HBV, Syphilis & Malaria
(he/she should indicate on the donor registration card, whether
he/she wishes to know the report of the testing)
DONOR DEFERAL
Self Deferral
Temporary Deferral
Permanent Deferral
8
PRIVATE INTERVIEW
(High Risk Behaviour)
?History of multiple sexual partners or sex with Commercial
Sex Workers- defer permanently
?High risk donors such as long route drivers, jail inmates,
homosexuals, I/V drug abusers - defer permanently
INFORMED CONSENT
The donor has to sign
the consent for blood
donation on the Donor
Questionnaire form
Criteria for selection of blood donors
18-65 years
98.4?F
37?C
100-140 mmHg
60-90
60-100
bpm
> 45kg
12.5 g/dL
Donor Selection Criteria (General)
S.No. PARAMETER
CRITERIA
1.
Well Being
?
Good health, mentally alert, physically fit
?
Not an inmate of jail
?
Not fasting
?
Differently abled or those with communication
or sight difficulty- valid consent
2.
Age (Years)
? 18-65, if First time donor<60
? Apheresis 18-60
3.
Weight (Kg)
? 45 ? 350ml
? 55 ? 450ml
? Apheresis- >50kg
4.
Temperature
37oC /98.4 F(Afebrile)
5.
Pulse (Beats/ min)
60-100,Regular
6.
Blood Pressure(mm Hg) Systolic =100-140 Diastolic = 60-90 with or w/o
medications; No drug alteration in past 28 days
S.No. PARAMETER
CRITERIA( General)
7.
Haemoglobin (g/dl)
12.5 & 17.5
8.
Respiration
? Free from acute respiratory disease
9.
Last Donation Interval ? For whole blood- 3 months for male &
? 4 months for female
? 48 hrs- platelet/ plasma apheresis
? 28 days ? if donated whole blood and candidate
for plateletpheresis
? 12 months ? Bone Marrow Harvest
? 6 months ? Peripheral Blood Stem Cell
10.
Meal
? Not Fasting; Last meal- Within 4hours
11.
Alcohol Intake
? Not regular heavy alcoholic
? No signs of alcohol intoxication
? Not taken heavy alcohol previous night
13
S.No. PARAMETER
CRITERIA(General)
12.
Occupation
Air crew member,LRVD,strenuous worker -24
hours
13.
Travel and
Not with H/O Endemic Area for diseases
Residence
14.
Donor Skin
Phlebotomy site free from scars
15.
Nonspecific illness- Defer till all symptoms subside and patient is
malaise, pain or
afebrile
headache
14
Donor Selection Criteria
S.No.
PARAMETER
CRITERIA
(Physiological Status for Women)
16.
Pregnancy or recent Defer for 12 months after delivery
delivery
17.
Abortion
Defer for 6 months after abortion
18.
Breast feeding
Defer for total period of lactation
19.
Menstruation
Defer for the period of Menstruation
S.No.
PARAMETER
CRITERIA
(Surgical Procedures)
20.
Major Surgery
Defer for 12 months after recovery
21.
Minor Surgery
Defer for 6 months after recovery
22.
CABG
Pemanently defer
23.
Oncosurgery
Pemanently defer
24.
Received BT
12 months deferral
25.
Dental Surgery UA
6 months deferral after recovery
26.
Tooth Extraction
6 months deferral after extraction
S.No.
PARAMETER
CRITERIA
(Liver Diseases and Hepatitis Infection)
27.
Hepatitis
Known Hepatitis B or C ? Permanently defer
Known A or E ? Defer for 12 months
Unknown Hepatitis-Permanently defer
28.
Spouse/ partner/ close
Defer for 12 months
contact of individual
suffering from hepatitis
29.
At risk for hepatitis-
Defer for 12 months
tattoos, acupuncture or
any body piercing by self
of for spouse/partner
30.
Spouse partner receiving Defer for 12 months
transfusion of blood/
components
31.
Jaundice
Accept if attributed to h/o gall-stones, Rh
disease, mononucleosis or in neonatal period
32.
Chronic Liver Disease/Liver Permanently defer
Failure
S.No. PARAMETER
CRITERIA
(HIV Infection /AIDS)
33.
At Risk for HIV Infection
Permanently defer
(Transgender, MSM,CSW,IVD,MSP )
34.
Known HIV positive person or
Permanently defer
spouse/partner of PLHA (Person
living with HIV AIDS)
35.
Person with symptoms suggestive Permanently defer person having LAP,
of AIDS
prolonged fever, diarrhea irrespective
of HIV risk or status
S.No. PARAMETER
CRITERIA
(Sexually Transmitted Infections)
36.
Syphilis(Genital Sore or generalized
Permanently defer
skin rashes)
37.
Gonorrhea
Permanently defer
S.No. PARAMETER
CRITERIA
(Other Infectious Diseases)
39.
H/o Measles, Mumps,
Defer for 2 weeks following full recovery
Chicken Pox
40.
Malaria
Defer for 3 months following full recovery
41.
Typhoid
Defer for 12 months following full recovery
42.
Dengue/ Chikungunya
? Defer for 6 months following full recovery
? If visit to endemic area- 4 wks following return
if no febrile illness
43.
Zika virus/ West Nile
? Defer for 4 months following full recovery
virus
? If visit to endemic area- defer for 4 months
following return if no febrile illness
44.
Tuberculosis
Permanent deferral(DCA)
45.
Leishmaniasis
Permanent deferral
46.
Leprosy
Permanent deferral
S.No. PARAMETER
CRITERIA
(Other Infections /
Diseases/disorders)
47.
Conjunctivitis
Defer for the period of illness and
continuation of local medication
48.
Osteomyelitis
Defer for 2 years following completion of
treatment and cure
49.
Autoimmune disorders like
Permanently Defer
SLE,Scleroderma,Dermatomyositis,
Ankylosing spondylitis or severe
RA
50.
Malignancy
Permanently Defer
51.
Severe Al ergic Disorders
Permanently Defer
S.No. PARAMETER
CRITERIA
(Hematological
Conditions)
52.
Polycythemia vera
Permanently Defer
53.
Bleeding disorders and unexplained bleeding Permanently Defer
tendency
54.
Haemoglobinopathies and red cell enzyme
Permanently Defer
deficiencies with known h/o hemolysis
55.
Donors with unexplained delayed fainting and/or Permanently Defer
associated with injury or two consecutive faints
following a donation
56.
Recipients of Organ,Stem cel and Tissue
Permanently Defer
transplants
S.No. PARAMETER
CRITERIA
(Respiratory (Lung) Diseases)
57.
Cold , flu,cough,sore throat or Acute Defer until al symptoms subside and
Sinusitis
donor is afebrile
58.
Chronic Sinusitis
Accept unless on antibiotics
59.
Asthmatic attack
Permanently Defer
60.
Asthmatics on steroids
Permanently Defer
S.No. PARAMETER
CRITERIA
(Digestive System Diseases)
61.
Diarrhea (if in preceding week
Defer for 2 weeks after complete
especially if associated with fever
recovery and last dose of medication
62.
GI endoscopy
Defer for 12 months
Accept if with acid reflux, mild
esophageal reflux, GERD, mild hiatus
63.
Acid peptic disease
hernia
Permanently Defer if symptomatic gastric
ulcer or with recurrent bleed
S.No. PARAMETER
CRITERIA
(Cardiovascular Diseases)
64.
Any active symptom (chest pain,
Permanently Defer
shortness of breath, swel ing on feet)
65.
Myocardial infarction (Heart attack)
Permanently Defer
66.
Cardiac medication (Digitalis,
Permanently Defer
Nitroglycerine)
67.
Hypertensive heart disease
Permanently Defer
68.
Coronary artery disease
Permanently Defer
69.
Angina Pectoris
Permanently Defer
70.
Rheumatic Heart disease with residual Permanently Defer
change
S.No. PARAMETER
CRITERIA
(Kidney disease)
71.
Acute infection of Kidney
Defer for 6 months after complete recovery and last
(pyelonephritis)
dose of medication
72.
Acute infection of
Defer for 2 weeks after complete recovery and last
Bladder(cystitis)/UTI
dose of medication
73.
Chronic infection of
Permanently Defer
kidney/kidney
disease/Renal failure
S.No. PARAMETER
CRITERIA
(CNS /Psychiatric Diseases)
74.
Convulsions and epilepsy, Permanently Defer
Schizophrenia
75.
Migraine
Accept if not severe and frequency is < 1 ep. Per
week
76.
Anxiety and Mood D/o
Accept if stable and feeling wel on day of donation
regardless of medication
S.No. PARAMETER
CRITERIA
(Endocrine Disorders)
77.
Diabetes Mellitus
Accept if DM is well controlled by diet or oral hypoglycemic
medication , with no h/o orthostatic hypotension, no h/o
infection, neuropathy or vascular disease( e.g. peripheral
ulceration)
Defer if medication altered/ dosage adjusted in last 4 weeks
78.
Multiorgan Involvement Permanently Defer
as complication of DM
79.
Thyroid disorders
Accept Benign thyroid disorders if Euthyroid (like
Asymptomatic goiter, h/o Viral Thyroiditis, Auto-immune
hypothyroidism)
Defer if thyroid status is under investigation or unknown
80.
Thyrotoxicosis due to
Permanently Defer
Grave's disease,
Hypo/Hyper thyroid,
H/O Malignant Thyroid
tumor
S.No.
PARAMETER
CRITERIA
(Medications)
81.
Oral contraceptives, Analgesics, Vitamins,
Accept
Mild sedative and tranquillizers, Allopurinol,
Cholesterol lowering medications
82.
Salicylates (Aspirin), other NSAIDs
Defer for 3 days if blood is to
be used for platelet
preparation
83.
Ketokonazole, Antihelminthic drugs including Defer for 7 days after last
Mebendazole
dose
84.
Antibiotics, Ticlopidine, Clopidogrel,
Defer for 2 weeks after last
Piroxicam, Dipyridamole
dose
85.
Etrenitate, Acitretin or Isotretinoin (For Acne), ? Defer for 1 month after
Finasteride (For Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia)
last dose
Dutasteride (For Benign Prostatic
? Defer for 6 months after
Hyperplasia)
last dose
86.
Radioactive contrast material
Defer 8 weeks
S.No. PARAMETER
CRITERIA
(Medications)
87.
Any medication of unknown nature Defer till details are available
88.
Oral anti-Diabetic drugs
Accept if there is no alteration of dose
in last 4 weeks
89.
Insulin
Permanently Defer
90.
Anti-arrhythmic, Anti-Convulsions, Permanently Defer
Anti-coagulant, Anti-thyroid drugs,
Cytotoxic drugs, Cardiac failure
drugs (Digitalis)
91.
Cortisone
Defer for 7 days after the last
dose(DCA)
S.No. PARAMETER
CRITERIA
(Vaccination and Inoculation)
92.
Non live vaccines and Toxoid- Typhoid,
Defer for 14 days(2weeks)
Cholera, Papilloma-virus, Influenza,
Meningococcal, Pertussis, Pneumococcal,
Polio injectable, Diphtheria, Tetanus, Plague
93.
Live attenuated vaccines- Polio (oral),
Defer for 28 days(4 weeks)
Measles (Rubella), Mumps, Yellow fever,
Japanese Encephalitis, Influenza, Typhoid,
Cholera, Hepatitis A
94.
Anti-Tetanus serum, anti-venom serum, anti- Defer for 28 days(4 weeks)
diphtheria serum, anti-Gas Gangrene serum
95.
Anti-rabies vaccination following animal bite, Defer for 1 year
Hepatitis B immunoglobulin, Immunoglobulins
Brief Physical examination
?General Examination
?Weight
?Visual inspection of antecubital fossa
?Pulse
?Blood Pressure
Laboratory Testing
? Hb estimation
? Blood Grouping
Goal of Blood
VOLUNTARY BLOOD DONATION
CA M
PSDonation Camp
Aim:
?To curb the scarcity of blood
?To ensure availability of safe quality blood and other
blood components round the clock and throughout
the year
?Actively encourage voluntary blood donation and
gradually eliminate professional donors
?Educating community on beneficial aspects of blood
donation and harmful effect of collecting blood from
paid donors
?Promote AIDS awareness and education to general
public
VVo
olunltuarnyt
b ary
lood B
d l
ono
atod
ion rD
ef o
er n
s t or
o u s
npaid, non-
remunerated blood donation
Voluntary blood
donors
New voluntary
Lapsed voluntary
Regular voluntary
donor
Donor
donor (3 times
(Never
(<3 times
donation, last
donated)
donation, no
donation prev. yr,
donation previous
once a yr
year)
donation)
District Unit
of VBD
Religious
Indian Red
Voluntary
Political
Bodies
Cross Society
Organizations
Bodies
Voluntary Blood
Donors
Regular
Blood Donation
Fixed
Camps
Camps
Dates
State Blood
Blood Bank
Transfusion
(Licensed)
Council
Estimation of Requirement of Blood
Four Approaches
? In relation to hospital beds
? In relation to total population
? In relation to medical facility available in the region
? In relation to past blood usage
Source- WHO-BSI/GDBS 2007
Blood donation in camps
Advantages:
?Voluntary blood donations
?Healthy pool of donors
?Convenient to donors
?Friendly atmosphere
?Retention of regular donors
Disadvantages:
?Increased tendency of donor reactions
?Inconvenience to blood bank team if outdoors
Sites for Blood Donation Camp
?Educational institutions
?Offices ,Banks
?Sports associations, fitness club
?Religious associations
Not in areas with predominantly high risk population
ORGANIZERS
1. Licensed designated Regional Blood Transfusion Centre
2. Licensed Government Blood Centre
3. Indian Red Cross Society
4. Licenced Blood Centre run by registered voluntary or
charitable organizations recognized by State or Union
Territory Blood Transfusion Council (BTC)
Source: DGHS
Organisations involved in holding a blood
donation camp
Involvement of following partners is essential to hold a blood donation camp:
1. State blood transfusion council
2. Blood Centre
3. Blood donor organisation/NGO
4. Organisers/ Sponsors
5. Donor motivators/ social workers
NACO 2007: Voluntary Blood Donation Programme
Designated Regional Blood Transfusion Centre
? Approved and designated by a BTC constituted by a State
Government
? Licensed and approved by the Licensing Authority and Central
Licence Approving Authority
? To collect, process and distribute blood and its components
? To fulfill needs of the region
Source: DGHS
Special Casual Leave
? Grant of special casual leave to govt. servant who donates
blood on that day
? Applies to maximum four times a year on submission of valid
proof of donation
Phases of Blood Donation Camp
1. Pre- camp phase
2. Camp phase
3. Post camp phase
NACO 2007: Voluntary Blood Donation Programme
Camp process flow
Donor registration
Post donation care
Refreshments
Medical history &
Phlebotomy
examination
Donor thanked off
(counsel ing)
Hemoglobin
Pre- donation
estimation
Counsel ing
Pre-camp phase
?Blood Banks provide requirement to Blood donor organisation
?Blood donor organisation co-ordinates with various schools /
colleges/ universities, industries, religious bodies, etc.
?Date, time and venue are fixed with organisers
?Number of donations required is discussed with organisers
?Blood Donor Organisation liaises with Blood Centre and camp
givers about a mutually convenient date
?Blood Bank sends written information to SBTC
?Blood Bank official visits site of venue to inspect its
suitability for the camp - A checklist may be provided to
organiser
?Few days before the camp, NGO/ Social Worker/ Donor
Motivator can arrange a talk on importance of voluntary
blood donation to the potential donors
?IEC materials on the subject should be provided to
organisers to be displayed in their working premises
Camp site inspection checklist
Shall meet following criteria so as to allow proper operation, maintenance
and cleaning :
?Sufficient area
?Hygienic location
?Continuous and uninterrupted electrical supply for equipments
?Provision for coolers or heaters depending on weather
?Adequate lighting for all the required activities
?Furniture and equipment arranged within the available place
Contd....
?Reliable communication system to the central office of the Controller/
Organiser of the camp
?Facilities for medical examination of the donors
?Clean drinking water supply for donors
?Refreshment facilities for donors and staff
?Hand-washing facilities for staff
?Proper disposal of waste
Written information of camp
?E-Mail to SBTC
?Letter to Medical Superintendent(MS)
?Letter to PRO for vehicle
Vehicle used for transportation:
?Seating capacity of 8-10 persons
?Provision for carriage of donation goods including
facilities to conduct a blood donation camp
Personnel Required
?One Medical Officer and two nurses or phlebotomists for
managing 6-8 donor tables
?Two medico social workers
?Three blood bank technicians
?Two attendants
Equipment Checklist
For donor screening :
?Donor questionnaire, pens
?BP apparatus
?Stethoscope
?Weighing device for donors
?Portable Hb meter/copper sulphate.
?Lancets, cuvettes, cotton swabs, gloves
For blood collection :
?Donor couches
?Blood collection monitor
?Portable tube sealer
?Plain and EDTA vials
?Test tube stand
?Screens
?Bedsheet, blankets
?Gloves, spirit, betadine, cotton swabs, adhesive tape,
guaze, band-aids
?Blood bags
?Stripper for blood tubings
?Transport box with ice packs
?Color coded biomedical waste bags
?Emergency medical kit
?Donor cards, certificates
For donor refreshment:
?Juices
?Biscuits
?Water
Camp phase
?The blood bank team arrives at the venue of camp well before
the time given to donors
?Supervise venue for adequate facilities like space, furniture,
heaters/coolers
?Inspect pre-donation, donation and post-donation areas as per
standards
?Liaise with the Organiser and Voluntary Donor Organisation
?IEC materials and banners should be displayed everywhere
?Arrange for inauguration of camp
?The camp should be started on time
?Screening and medical examination of blood donors by Medical
personnel
?Over-crowding of the area should be prohibited
?Comfortable and adequate sitting arrangement for blood donors
?Bleeding area should have adequate lighting and proper ventilation.
?Bleeding procedures should be as per standards.
?Provision for donor refreshment.
?Provision for management of donor reactions.
?Area should be cordoned off from other persons.
?Camp should be completed at the stipulated time.
Waste disposal in camps
Type of waste
Disposal
Cotton swabs, gauge
Yellow bins
Lancets, blood bag
White sharp container
needles
Cuvettes
1% Hypochlorite
Blood bag tubings
Yellow bins
Gloves
Red bins
Paper, wrappers, empty
Black bins
juice packets
?Before leaving the camp premise, Blood Donors and
Organisers should be appreciated for their gesture.
?The blood bank team should reach their destination in time.
Incentives
?Incentives like pins, badges and plaques for specified
number of donations help in repeat donations
?Other incentives or awards, simple and attractive of
minimal commercial value, are useful in retaining
donors
Post camp phase
?Medical Director must send letters of appreciation to the
Organiser for arranging the camp.
?They should be encouraged to organize similar camps on a
regular basis.
?Blood Donors of the camp should receive thank-you letters and
blood group cards either individually or through their particular
organization.
?Constant touch with blood donors to be maintained through
birthday cards, anniversary cards, etc.
Government Blood Centre and Indian Red Cross Society
shall intimate:
?within a period of seven days
?venue where blood camp was held
?details of group wise blood units collected
?to the licensing Authority and Central Licence Approving
Authority
? Monthly details of camp sent to NACO alongwith other
details of blood bank
Special ceremonies
? Annual award ceremonies: to acknowledge and congratulate
people who have donated blood many times or assisted in
promoting the voluntary donations.
? Widely publicize and invite prominent citizens to address the
donors and organizations/ institutions for their valuable and
outstanding service to the community.
? Donors, recruiters, institutions and organizations: cups, trophies
and shields for their contributions in voluntary blood donations.
?Annual award ceremonies held by our department on 14th June and 1st
October
?Poster compet
Annual it
ion,
Cam pnukkad
Calendanat
r ak, appreciation to regular donors,
appreciation to camp organizers
? Should be decided in the start of year
? Camps should be evenly distributed through out the
year
? Particular months of expected increased demand to
be taken care of
Mass blood donation camps
?Very large number of donors
?Should not be encouraged
?Increased wastage of units
?Instead 3-4 blood bank teams can be called at a place if number of donors
is high
?NACO has passed an addendum that maximum donation units from a
camp should not exceed 500
REFERENCES
1. The Drugs and Cosmetics Rules, 1945, as corrected up to
30th Nov 2004. Schedule F. Part XII B: Govt. of India. 2004; p
320-51. Available from
2. Guidelines for blood donor selection and blood donor referral:
NACO, MoHFW. Govt. of India. 2017 Oct; p 1-29
3. Saran R.K, editor. Transfusion Medicine Technical Manual,
2nd ed. DGHS. MoHFW. Govt. of India. 2003
4. Fung M.K, Grossman B.J, Hillyer C.D, Westhoff C.M, editors.
Technical Manual, 18th ed. AABB, U.S.A. 2014
This post was last modified on 08 April 2022