Download MBBS Transfusion Medicine and Blood Bank Presentations 3 Donor Screening And Vbd Camps Lecture Notes

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DONOR SCREENING

AND

VOLUNTARY BLOOD DONATION CAMPS

SOURCE OF BLOOD

?Blood Donor
?Value Blood Donor as VIP
?Should meet defined Donor Selection criteria
BLOOD DONATION

Cornerstone of safe and adequate blood supply :

? Motivation

? Recruitment

? Retention of voluntary , non-remunerated blood donors

TYPES OF BLOOD

DONORS

1. Voluntary Non Remunerated Donors

2. Replacement Donors

3. Allogeneic Donors


4. Autologous Blood Donors

5. Apheresis Donors

6. Directed Donors

7. Professional Donors
DONOR SELECTION

?Registration, Demographic information and Consent

of the donor

?Medical history

?Physical examination

?Laboratory tests

STAGES OF BLOOD DONOR SCREENING

1. Pre-Donation information
2. Pre-Donation counselling
3. Donor Questionnaire and medical examination
4. Counselling during Blood Donation
5. Post-donation counselling
Donor Information

Donor be informed about blood donation and safety

Mandatory testing for HIV, HCV, HBV, Syphilis & Malaria

(he/she should indicate on the donor registration card, whether

he/she wishes to know the report of the testing)

DONOR DEFERAL

Self Deferral

Temporary Deferral

Permanent Deferral

8














PRIVATE INTERVIEW

(High Risk Behaviour)

?History of multiple sexual partners or sex with Commercial

Sex Workers- defer permanently

?High risk donors such as long route drivers, jail inmates,

homosexuals, I/V drug abusers - defer permanently

INFORMED CONSENT

The donor has to sign

the consent for blood

donation on the Donor

Questionnaire form


Criteria for selection of blood donors

18-65 years

98.4?F

37?C

100-140 mmHg

60-90

60-100

bpm

> 45kg

12.5 g/dL

Donor Selection Criteria (General)

S.No. PARAMETER

CRITERIA

1.

Well Being

?

Good health, mentally alert, physically fit

?

Not an inmate of jail

?

Not fasting

?

Differently abled or those with communication

or sight difficulty- valid consent

2.

Age (Years)

? 18-65, if First time donor<60

? Apheresis 18-60

3.

Weight (Kg)

? 45 ? 350ml

? 55 ? 450ml

? Apheresis- >50kg

4.

Temperature

37oC /98.4 F(Afebrile)

5.

Pulse (Beats/ min)

60-100,Regular

6.

Blood Pressure(mm Hg) Systolic =100-140 Diastolic = 60-90 with or w/o

medications; No drug alteration in past 28 days
S.No. PARAMETER

CRITERIA( General)

7.

Haemoglobin (g/dl)

12.5 & 17.5

8.

Respiration

? Free from acute respiratory disease

9.

Last Donation Interval ? For whole blood- 3 months for male &

? 4 months for female

? 48 hrs- platelet/ plasma apheresis

? 28 days ? if donated whole blood and candidate

for plateletpheresis

? 12 months ? Bone Marrow Harvest

? 6 months ? Peripheral Blood Stem Cell

10.

Meal

? Not Fasting; Last meal- Within 4hours

11.

Alcohol Intake

? Not regular heavy alcoholic

? No signs of alcohol intoxication

? Not taken heavy alcohol previous night

13

S.No. PARAMETER

CRITERIA(General)

12.

Occupation

Air crew member,LRVD,strenuous worker -24

hours

13.

Travel and

Not with H/O Endemic Area for diseases

Residence

14.

Donor Skin

Phlebotomy site free from scars

15.

Nonspecific illness- Defer till all symptoms subside and patient is

malaise, pain or

afebrile

headache

14
Donor Selection Criteria

S.No.

PARAMETER

CRITERIA

(Physiological Status for Women)

16.

Pregnancy or recent Defer for 12 months after delivery

delivery

17.

Abortion

Defer for 6 months after abortion

18.

Breast feeding

Defer for total period of lactation

19.

Menstruation

Defer for the period of Menstruation

S.No.

PARAMETER

CRITERIA

(Surgical Procedures)

20.

Major Surgery

Defer for 12 months after recovery

21.

Minor Surgery

Defer for 6 months after recovery

22.

CABG

Pemanently defer

23.

Oncosurgery

Pemanently defer

24.

Received BT

12 months deferral

25.

Dental Surgery UA

6 months deferral after recovery

26.

Tooth Extraction

6 months deferral after extraction

S.No.

PARAMETER

CRITERIA

(Liver Diseases and Hepatitis Infection)

27.

Hepatitis

Known Hepatitis B or C ? Permanently defer

Known A or E ? Defer for 12 months

Unknown Hepatitis-Permanently defer

28.

Spouse/ partner/ close

Defer for 12 months

contact of individual

suffering from hepatitis

29.

At risk for hepatitis-

Defer for 12 months

tattoos, acupuncture or

any body piercing by self

of for spouse/partner

30.

Spouse partner receiving Defer for 12 months

transfusion of blood/

components

31.

Jaundice

Accept if attributed to h/o gall-stones, Rh

disease, mononucleosis or in neonatal period

32.

Chronic Liver Disease/Liver Permanently defer

Failure
S.No. PARAMETER

CRITERIA

(HIV Infection /AIDS)

33.

At Risk for HIV Infection

Permanently defer

(Transgender, MSM,CSW,IVD,MSP )

34.

Known HIV positive person or

Permanently defer

spouse/partner of PLHA (Person

living with HIV AIDS)

35.

Person with symptoms suggestive Permanently defer person having LAP,

of AIDS

prolonged fever, diarrhea irrespective

of HIV risk or status

S.No. PARAMETER

CRITERIA

(Sexually Transmitted Infections)

36.

Syphilis(Genital Sore or generalized

Permanently defer

skin rashes)

37.

Gonorrhea

Permanently defer

S.No. PARAMETER

CRITERIA

(Other Infectious Diseases)

39.

H/o Measles, Mumps,

Defer for 2 weeks following full recovery

Chicken Pox

40.

Malaria

Defer for 3 months following full recovery

41.

Typhoid

Defer for 12 months following full recovery

42.

Dengue/ Chikungunya

? Defer for 6 months following full recovery

? If visit to endemic area- 4 wks following return

if no febrile illness

43.

Zika virus/ West Nile

? Defer for 4 months following full recovery

virus

? If visit to endemic area- defer for 4 months

following return if no febrile illness

44.

Tuberculosis

Permanent deferral(DCA)

45.

Leishmaniasis

Permanent deferral

46.

Leprosy

Permanent deferral
S.No. PARAMETER

CRITERIA

(Other Infections /

Diseases/disorders)

47.

Conjunctivitis

Defer for the period of illness and

continuation of local medication

48.

Osteomyelitis

Defer for 2 years following completion of

treatment and cure

49.

Autoimmune disorders like

Permanently Defer

SLE,Scleroderma,Dermatomyositis,

Ankylosing spondylitis or severe

RA

50.

Malignancy

Permanently Defer

51.

Severe Al ergic Disorders

Permanently Defer

S.No. PARAMETER

CRITERIA

(Hematological

Conditions)

52.

Polycythemia vera

Permanently Defer

53.

Bleeding disorders and unexplained bleeding Permanently Defer

tendency

54.

Haemoglobinopathies and red cell enzyme

Permanently Defer

deficiencies with known h/o hemolysis

55.

Donors with unexplained delayed fainting and/or Permanently Defer

associated with injury or two consecutive faints

following a donation

56.

Recipients of Organ,Stem cel and Tissue

Permanently Defer

transplants
S.No. PARAMETER

CRITERIA

(Respiratory (Lung) Diseases)

57.

Cold , flu,cough,sore throat or Acute Defer until al symptoms subside and

Sinusitis

donor is afebrile

58.

Chronic Sinusitis

Accept unless on antibiotics

59.

Asthmatic attack

Permanently Defer

60.

Asthmatics on steroids

Permanently Defer

S.No. PARAMETER

CRITERIA

(Digestive System Diseases)

61.

Diarrhea (if in preceding week

Defer for 2 weeks after complete

especially if associated with fever

recovery and last dose of medication

62.

GI endoscopy

Defer for 12 months
Accept if with acid reflux, mild

esophageal reflux, GERD, mild hiatus

63.

Acid peptic disease

hernia
Permanently Defer if symptomatic gastric

ulcer or with recurrent bleed

S.No. PARAMETER

CRITERIA

(Cardiovascular Diseases)

64.

Any active symptom (chest pain,

Permanently Defer

shortness of breath, swel ing on feet)

65.

Myocardial infarction (Heart attack)

Permanently Defer

66.

Cardiac medication (Digitalis,

Permanently Defer

Nitroglycerine)

67.

Hypertensive heart disease

Permanently Defer

68.

Coronary artery disease

Permanently Defer

69.

Angina Pectoris

Permanently Defer

70.

Rheumatic Heart disease with residual Permanently Defer

change
S.No. PARAMETER

CRITERIA

(Kidney disease)

71.

Acute infection of Kidney

Defer for 6 months after complete recovery and last

(pyelonephritis)

dose of medication

72.

Acute infection of

Defer for 2 weeks after complete recovery and last

Bladder(cystitis)/UTI

dose of medication

73.

Chronic infection of

Permanently Defer

kidney/kidney

disease/Renal failure

S.No. PARAMETER

CRITERIA

(CNS /Psychiatric Diseases)

74.

Convulsions and epilepsy, Permanently Defer

Schizophrenia

75.

Migraine

Accept if not severe and frequency is < 1 ep. Per

week

76.

Anxiety and Mood D/o

Accept if stable and feeling wel on day of donation

regardless of medication

S.No. PARAMETER

CRITERIA

(Endocrine Disorders)

77.

Diabetes Mellitus

Accept if DM is well controlled by diet or oral hypoglycemic

medication , with no h/o orthostatic hypotension, no h/o

infection, neuropathy or vascular disease( e.g. peripheral

ulceration)

Defer if medication altered/ dosage adjusted in last 4 weeks

78.

Multiorgan Involvement Permanently Defer

as complication of DM

79.

Thyroid disorders

Accept Benign thyroid disorders if Euthyroid (like

Asymptomatic goiter, h/o Viral Thyroiditis, Auto-immune

hypothyroidism)

Defer if thyroid status is under investigation or unknown

80.

Thyrotoxicosis due to

Permanently Defer

Grave's disease,

Hypo/Hyper thyroid,

H/O Malignant Thyroid

tumor
S.No.

PARAMETER

CRITERIA

(Medications)

81.

Oral contraceptives, Analgesics, Vitamins,

Accept

Mild sedative and tranquillizers, Allopurinol,

Cholesterol lowering medications

82.

Salicylates (Aspirin), other NSAIDs

Defer for 3 days if blood is to

be used for platelet

preparation

83.

Ketokonazole, Antihelminthic drugs including Defer for 7 days after last

Mebendazole

dose

84.

Antibiotics, Ticlopidine, Clopidogrel,

Defer for 2 weeks after last

Piroxicam, Dipyridamole

dose

85.

Etrenitate, Acitretin or Isotretinoin (For Acne), ? Defer for 1 month after

Finasteride (For Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia)

last dose

Dutasteride (For Benign Prostatic

? Defer for 6 months after

Hyperplasia)

last dose

86.

Radioactive contrast material

Defer 8 weeks

S.No. PARAMETER

CRITERIA

(Medications)

87.

Any medication of unknown nature Defer till details are available

88.

Oral anti-Diabetic drugs

Accept if there is no alteration of dose

in last 4 weeks

89.

Insulin

Permanently Defer

90.

Anti-arrhythmic, Anti-Convulsions, Permanently Defer

Anti-coagulant, Anti-thyroid drugs,

Cytotoxic drugs, Cardiac failure

drugs (Digitalis)

91.

Cortisone

Defer for 7 days after the last

dose(DCA)
S.No. PARAMETER

CRITERIA

(Vaccination and Inoculation)

92.

Non live vaccines and Toxoid- Typhoid,

Defer for 14 days(2weeks)

Cholera, Papilloma-virus, Influenza,

Meningococcal, Pertussis, Pneumococcal,

Polio injectable, Diphtheria, Tetanus, Plague

93.

Live attenuated vaccines- Polio (oral),

Defer for 28 days(4 weeks)

Measles (Rubella), Mumps, Yellow fever,

Japanese Encephalitis, Influenza, Typhoid,

Cholera, Hepatitis A

94.

Anti-Tetanus serum, anti-venom serum, anti- Defer for 28 days(4 weeks)

diphtheria serum, anti-Gas Gangrene serum

95.

Anti-rabies vaccination following animal bite, Defer for 1 year

Hepatitis B immunoglobulin, Immunoglobulins

Brief Physical examination

?General Examination
?Weight
?Visual inspection of antecubital fossa
?Pulse
?Blood Pressure
Laboratory Testing

? Hb estimation

? Blood Grouping

Goal of Blood

VOLUNTARY BLOOD DONATION

CA M

PSDonation Camp

Aim:

?To curb the scarcity of blood
?To ensure availability of safe quality blood and other

blood components round the clock and throughout

the year

?Actively encourage voluntary blood donation and

gradually eliminate professional donors

?Educating community on beneficial aspects of blood

donation and harmful effect of collecting blood from

paid donors

?Promote AIDS awareness and education to general

public
VVo

olunltuarnyt

b ary

lood B

d l

ono

atod

ion rD

ef o

er n

s t or

o u s

npaid, non-

remunerated blood donation

Voluntary blood

donors

New voluntary

Lapsed voluntary

Regular voluntary

donor

Donor

donor (3 times

(Never

(<3 times

donation, last

donated)

donation, no

donation prev. yr,

donation previous

once a yr

year)

donation)

District Unit

of VBD

Religious

Indian Red

Voluntary

Political

Bodies

Cross Society

Organizations

Bodies

Voluntary Blood

Donors

Regular

Blood Donation

Fixed

Camps

Camps

Dates

State Blood

Blood Bank

Transfusion

(Licensed)

Council
Estimation of Requirement of Blood

Four Approaches

? In relation to hospital beds

? In relation to total population

? In relation to medical facility available in the region

? In relation to past blood usage

Source- WHO-BSI/GDBS 2007

Blood donation in camps
Advantages:
?Voluntary blood donations
?Healthy pool of donors
?Convenient to donors
?Friendly atmosphere
?Retention of regular donors

Disadvantages:
?Increased tendency of donor reactions
?Inconvenience to blood bank team if outdoors
Sites for Blood Donation Camp

?Educational institutions
?Offices ,Banks
?Sports associations, fitness club
?Religious associations

Not in areas with predominantly high risk population

ORGANIZERS

1. Licensed designated Regional Blood Transfusion Centre
2. Licensed Government Blood Centre
3. Indian Red Cross Society
4. Licenced Blood Centre run by registered voluntary or

charitable organizations recognized by State or Union

Territory Blood Transfusion Council (BTC)

Source: DGHS
Organisations involved in holding a blood

donation camp

Involvement of following partners is essential to hold a blood donation camp:
1. State blood transfusion council
2. Blood Centre
3. Blood donor organisation/NGO
4. Organisers/ Sponsors
5. Donor motivators/ social workers

NACO 2007: Voluntary Blood Donation Programme

Designated Regional Blood Transfusion Centre

? Approved and designated by a BTC constituted by a State

Government

? Licensed and approved by the Licensing Authority and Central

Licence Approving Authority

? To collect, process and distribute blood and its components
? To fulfill needs of the region

Source: DGHS


Special Casual Leave

? Grant of special casual leave to govt. servant who donates

blood on that day

? Applies to maximum four times a year on submission of valid

proof of donation

Phases of Blood Donation Camp

1. Pre- camp phase
2. Camp phase
3. Post camp phase

NACO 2007: Voluntary Blood Donation Programme
Camp process flow

Donor registration

Post donation care

Refreshments

Medical history &

Phlebotomy

examination

Donor thanked off

(counsel ing)

Hemoglobin

Pre- donation

estimation

Counsel ing

Pre-camp phase

?Blood Banks provide requirement to Blood donor organisation
?Blood donor organisation co-ordinates with various schools /

colleges/ universities, industries, religious bodies, etc.

?Date, time and venue are fixed with organisers
?Number of donations required is discussed with organisers
?Blood Donor Organisation liaises with Blood Centre and camp

givers about a mutually convenient date

?Blood Bank sends written information to SBTC
?Blood Bank official visits site of venue to inspect its

suitability for the camp - A checklist may be provided to

organiser

?Few days before the camp, NGO/ Social Worker/ Donor

Motivator can arrange a talk on importance of voluntary

blood donation to the potential donors

?IEC materials on the subject should be provided to

organisers to be displayed in their working premises

Camp site inspection checklist

Shall meet following criteria so as to allow proper operation, maintenance

and cleaning :
?Sufficient area
?Hygienic location
?Continuous and uninterrupted electrical supply for equipments
?Provision for coolers or heaters depending on weather
?Adequate lighting for all the required activities
?Furniture and equipment arranged within the available place
Contd....

?Reliable communication system to the central office of the Controller/

Organiser of the camp

?Facilities for medical examination of the donors
?Clean drinking water supply for donors
?Refreshment facilities for donors and staff
?Hand-washing facilities for staff
?Proper disposal of waste

Written information of camp

?E-Mail to SBTC
?Letter to Medical Superintendent(MS)
?Letter to PRO for vehicle
Vehicle used for transportation:

?Seating capacity of 8-10 persons
?Provision for carriage of donation goods including

facilities to conduct a blood donation camp

Personnel Required

?One Medical Officer and two nurses or phlebotomists for

managing 6-8 donor tables

?Two medico social workers
?Three blood bank technicians
?Two attendants
Equipment Checklist

For donor screening :
?Donor questionnaire, pens
?BP apparatus
?Stethoscope
?Weighing device for donors
?Portable Hb meter/copper sulphate.
?Lancets, cuvettes, cotton swabs, gloves

For blood collection :

?Donor couches
?Blood collection monitor
?Portable tube sealer
?Plain and EDTA vials
?Test tube stand
?Screens
?Bedsheet, blankets
?Gloves, spirit, betadine, cotton swabs, adhesive tape,

guaze, band-aids
?Blood bags
?Stripper for blood tubings
?Transport box with ice packs
?Color coded biomedical waste bags
?Emergency medical kit
?Donor cards, certificates

For donor refreshment:

?Juices
?Biscuits
?Water
Camp phase

?The blood bank team arrives at the venue of camp well before

the time given to donors

?Supervise venue for adequate facilities like space, furniture,

heaters/coolers

?Inspect pre-donation, donation and post-donation areas as per

standards

?Liaise with the Organiser and Voluntary Donor Organisation
?IEC materials and banners should be displayed everywhere

?Arrange for inauguration of camp
?The camp should be started on time
?Screening and medical examination of blood donors by Medical

personnel

?Over-crowding of the area should be prohibited
?Comfortable and adequate sitting arrangement for blood donors
?Bleeding area should have adequate lighting and proper ventilation.
?Bleeding procedures should be as per standards.
?Provision for donor refreshment.
?Provision for management of donor reactions.
?Area should be cordoned off from other persons.
?Camp should be completed at the stipulated time.

Waste disposal in camps

Type of waste

Disposal

Cotton swabs, gauge

Yellow bins

Lancets, blood bag

White sharp container

needles

Cuvettes

1% Hypochlorite

Blood bag tubings

Yellow bins

Gloves

Red bins

Paper, wrappers, empty

Black bins

juice packets
?Before leaving the camp premise, Blood Donors and

Organisers should be appreciated for their gesture.

?The blood bank team should reach their destination in time.

Incentives

?Incentives like pins, badges and plaques for specified

number of donations help in repeat donations

?Other incentives or awards, simple and attractive of

minimal commercial value, are useful in retaining

donors

Post camp phase

?Medical Director must send letters of appreciation to the

Organiser for arranging the camp.

?They should be encouraged to organize similar camps on a

regular basis.

?Blood Donors of the camp should receive thank-you letters and

blood group cards either individually or through their particular

organization.

?Constant touch with blood donors to be maintained through

birthday cards, anniversary cards, etc.
Government Blood Centre and Indian Red Cross Society

shall intimate:

?within a period of seven days
?venue where blood camp was held
?details of group wise blood units collected
?to the licensing Authority and Central Licence Approving

Authority

? Monthly details of camp sent to NACO alongwith other

details of blood bank

Special ceremonies

? Annual award ceremonies: to acknowledge and congratulate

people who have donated blood many times or assisted in

promoting the voluntary donations.

? Widely publicize and invite prominent citizens to address the

donors and organizations/ institutions for their valuable and

outstanding service to the community.

? Donors, recruiters, institutions and organizations: cups, trophies

and shields for their contributions in voluntary blood donations.
?Annual award ceremonies held by our department on 14th June and 1st

October

?Poster compet

Annual it

ion,

Cam pnukkad

Calendanat

r ak, appreciation to regular donors,

appreciation to camp organizers

? Should be decided in the start of year

? Camps should be evenly distributed through out the

year

? Particular months of expected increased demand to

be taken care of

Mass blood donation camps

?Very large number of donors
?Should not be encouraged
?Increased wastage of units
?Instead 3-4 blood bank teams can be called at a place if number of donors

is high

?NACO has passed an addendum that maximum donation units from a

camp should not exceed 500
REFERENCES

1. The Drugs and Cosmetics Rules, 1945, as corrected up to

30th Nov 2004. Schedule F. Part XII B: Govt. of India. 2004; p

320-51. Available from

2. Guidelines for blood donor selection and blood donor referral:

NACO, MoHFW. Govt. of India. 2017 Oct; p 1-29

3. Saran R.K, editor. Transfusion Medicine Technical Manual,

2nd ed. DGHS. MoHFW. Govt. of India. 2003

4. Fung M.K, Grossman B.J, Hillyer C.D, Westhoff C.M, editors.

Technical Manual, 18th ed. AABB, U.S.A. 2014

This post was last modified on 08 April 2022