Download MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery) 1st Year, 2nd Year, 3rd Year and Final year Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 15 Prosthesis PPT-Powerpoint Presentations and lecture notes
AMPUTATION: PROSTHESIS
Prosthesis
? An artificial substitute
? replace the lost part of the body
? appearance and function
? Objectives of LL prosthesis
? Transfer body weight
? Simulate normal locomotion
? Objectives of UL prosthesis
? Simulate normal hand function
ORTHOSIS
An external device applied on the body to:-
?Limit motion
?Correct deformity
?Reduce axial loading
?Improve function in certain segment of the body.
Functional levels
Lower Limb Amputation level
Lisfranc / chopart amputation
The options are
1. high-top shoe with fil er
2. AFO with fil er
Syme's amputation
socket extends proximally
til the patellar tendon
to make it easier to insert
the bulbous stump inside
a window is provided
(medial / posterior)
or
a flexible inner wall
is used
suspension is provided
by a constriction proximal to
SACH / dynamic response foot
the bulbous end
Below Knee/Transtibial Prosthesis
Suspension Cuff
PTB Socket
Prosthetic Shank / Shin
Foot Ankle Assembly
B/K amputation
? foot-ankle assembly
types
# SACH foot
# single axis foot
# multiaxis foot
# dynamic response foot
# jaipur foot
# madras foot
B/K amputation
# exoskeletal
# endoskeletal/modular
B/K amputation
? socket
types
? PTB socket
? total surface bearing
B/K amputation
? suspension
types
# supracondylar cuff
# sleeve
# distal attachment
# suction
# thigh corset
# fork strap & waist belt
Above Knee/Transfemoral Prosthesis
Socket (Quad Socket
or Ischial containment)
Silesian Suspension
Knee Unit
Prosthetic Shank / Shin
Foot Ankle Assembly
Knee Joints
? Constant Friction Single axis knee joints
? Manual Locking knee
? Polycentric knee units
? Weight Activated Stance Control knee
? Hydraulic knee units
? Pneumatic knee units
? Microprocessor controlled knee joints
A/K amputation
quadrilateral
socket
ischial
containment
socket
A/K amputation
? suspension
types
# suction
# silesian belt
# hip joint & pelvic band
# total elastic suspension belt
# shoulder suspension
Knee disarticulation prosthesis
# knee joints
the options are
1. outer hinges
2. polycentric knee joint
hip disarticulation / hemipelvectomy / <5 cm residual femur
translumbar amputation / hemicorpectomy
? for sitting
bucket prosthesis
slits for bladder / bowel
drainage bags
Proximal focal femoral deficiencies
? extension prosthesis
features
? socket ? is like an AFO
? if adequate weight-bearing is not
possible on the foot, the socket is
extended upto the ischium
? below the socket
a shoe raise is given
(if limb length discrepancy is less)
or
a prosthetic foot is given
(if limb length discrepancy is more)
energy consumption
? traumatic unilateral B/K 7% more than non-amputees
? vascular unilateral B/K 25%
? traumatic unilateral A/K
25%
? vascular unilateral A/K
87%
? bilateral amputees
more
UPPER LIMB LEVELS OF AMPUTATION
? Transphalangeal
? Transmetacarpal
? Transcarpal
? Wrist disarticulation
? Transradial
? Elbow disarticulation
? Transhumeral
? Shoulder disarticulation
? Forequarter amputation
MAJOR MOTOR FUNCTIONS OF THE HAND
? GraspSpherical
Cylindrical
Hook
? Release
? Precision
Pinch-tip to tip, pulp to pulp, lateral key
Three jaw chuck
VARIOUS UPPER LIMB PROSTHESES
? Cosmetic: least function
? Body powered: most harnessing & body movt. needed
? Battery powered (myoelectric or switch controlled): heavy, expensive
& extended therapy time
? Hybrid (cable to elbow or TD and battery powered)
BODY POWERED PROSTHESES : COMPONENTS
? Socket
? Suspension
? Control cable system
? Terminal device
? Interposing joints (wrist, elbow, shoulder)
TERMINAL DEVICES
1.Passive: cosmetic hand , flexible mitts
2.Active: hook devices , prosthetic hand
a. Voluntary opening
b. Voluntary closing
CONTROL CABLE MECHANISMS
SOCKET
? Socket
dual-wall design
SUSPENSION
Harness
1.Figure of 8/ Standard trans radial harness
2.Shoulder saddle and chest strap
Self suspending
1.Muenster
2.Supracondylar
Suction
1.Suction socket with air valve
2.Gel sleeve with locking pin
JOINTS: WRIST, ELBOW & SHOULDER UNITS
External y powered prostheses/Myoelectric prostheses
BIONIC HAND
This post was last modified on 08 April 2022