? Fixed acids:
Sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid
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? Organic acids:Lactic acid, Aceto-acetic acid, - Hydroxy
Butyric acid
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Factors increasing H+ secretion
? PCO2
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? H+; HCO3? ECF volume
? Angiotensin I
? Aldosterone
? Hypokalemia
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AcidosisRespiratory- Acute
Metabolic- Acute
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? Breath holding
? Severe diarrhoea
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? Acute respiratory tract? Cholera
obstruction
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? Barbiturate poisoning
Chronic:
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? Respiratory depression? Lactic acidosis
Chronic:
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? Diabetic ketoacidosis
? COPD
? Persistent respiratory
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obstruction
Alkalosis
Respiratory- Acute
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Metabolic- Acute
? Voluntary hyperventilation
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? Vomiting? High altitude
Chronic:
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Chronic:? CNS disorders
? Diuretics
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? Psychological
? Persistent hyperventilation
Anion Gap
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Increased Anion gap
Normal Anion gap
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(Normochloremia)(Hyperchloremia)
? Diabetes Mellitus
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? Diarrhoea
? Lactic acidosis
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? Renal tubular acidosis? Chronic Renal Failure
? Addison's disease
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? Aspirin
? Carbonic anhydrase
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? Methanol poisoninginhibitors
? Ethylenel glycol poisoning
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? Starvation