? Components of circulatory system
? Type of pump
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? Primary & secondary roles
Cardiovascular system of mammals
Systemic circulation
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General Plan
Pulmonary circulation
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RV RALV LA
System of vessels that carry blood
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The force for movement of blood is provided by heartTwo major loops of flow : systemic circulation and pulmonary circulation
Components
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? 4 chambered heart
? Arteries
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? Capillaries? Veins
Morphology of heart
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? The average adult human heart is about 12 cm from base to
apex, 8 ? 9 cm wide at its broadest transverse diameter and
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6 cm anterioposteriorly.? The weight of the heart is about 300 g in males and 250 g in
females
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? Double layered pericardial layer containing fluid allow
contractile motion of the heart without friction
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? The atrium myocardium is electrically separate from theventricular myocardium by fibrous tissue
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Functional features of the heart1. Pump the blood
2. Maintain unidirectional flow
3. Generate high pressure
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4. Separation of pulmonary circulation5. Modify the function as per specific requirements of circulation
Functional Organization of the heart
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Heart as a set of two functional pumps
Right pump
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ComponentsRight atrium and Right ventricle
Input :
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vena cava
Output :
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pulmonary arteryValves : Vena cava and Right atrium
Right atrium and Right ventricle
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Right ventricle and pulmonary artery
Thickness of right ventricle wall : 3 -5 mm
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Pressure generated : 25 mmHg during systoleLeft pump
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Componentsleft atrium and left ventricle
Input : Pulmonary vein
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Output :
Aorta
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Valves : Pulmonary vein and Left atriumLeft atrium and Left ventricle
Left ventricle and Aorta
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Thickness of ventricle wall : 9 mm
Pressure generated : 120 mmHg during systole
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Relative position of different chambers and valvesDistribution of blood in circulation
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Functional aspects of cardiovascularsystem
? Changing metabolic needs
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? Integration with other systems
? Safety margin or physiologic reserve
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? Pathology resulting in diseasesFunctional aspects of cardiovascular
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system? Intermittent cardiac output but continuous
flow to tissues
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? Dampening of pulsatile arterial flow at
capillary level
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? Inverse Relation of cross-sectional area withvelocity of blood flow
Pressures in circulatory system
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