Download MBBS Physiology Presentations 33 Cardiovascular System Lecture Notes

Download MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery) 1st Year, 2nd Year, 3rd Year and Final year Physiology 33 Cardiovascular System PPT-Powerpoint Presentations and lecture notes


Cardiovascular system

Introduction

? Need of circulatory system

? Components of circulatory system

? Type of pump

? Primary & secondary roles
Cardiovascular system of mammals

Systemic circulation

General Plan

Pulmonary circulation

RV RA
LV LA

System of vessels that carry blood

The force for movement of blood is provided by heart

Two major loops of flow : systemic circulation and pulmonary circulation

Components

? 4 chambered heart

? Arteries

? Capillaries

? Veins

Morphology of heart

? The average adult human heart is about 12 cm from base to

apex, 8 ? 9 cm wide at its broadest transverse diameter and

6 cm anterioposteriorly.

? The weight of the heart is about 300 g in males and 250 g in

females

? Double layered pericardial layer containing fluid allow

contractile motion of the heart without friction

? The atrium myocardium is electrically separate from the

ventricular myocardium by fibrous tissue


Functional features of the heart

1. Pump the blood
2. Maintain unidirectional flow
3. Generate high pressure
4. Separation of pulmonary circulation
5. Modify the function as per specific requirements of circulation


Functional Organization of the heart

Heart as a set of two functional pumps

Right pump

Components

Right atrium and Right ventricle

Input :

vena cava

Output :

pulmonary artery

Valves : Vena cava and Right atrium

Right atrium and Right ventricle

Right ventricle and pulmonary artery

Thickness of right ventricle wall : 3 -5 mm

Pressure generated : 25 mmHg during systole


Left pump

Components

left atrium and left ventricle

Input : Pulmonary vein

Output :

Aorta

Valves : Pulmonary vein and Left atrium

Left atrium and Left ventricle

Left ventricle and Aorta

Thickness of ventricle wall : 9 mm

Pressure generated : 120 mmHg during systole

Relative position of different chambers and valves


Distribution of blood in circulation

Functional aspects of cardiovascular

system

? Changing metabolic needs

? Integration with other systems

? Safety margin or physiologic reserve

? Pathology resulting in diseases


Functional aspects of cardiovascular

system

? Intermittent cardiac output but continuous

flow to tissues

? Dampening of pulsatile arterial flow at

capillary level

? Inverse Relation of cross-sectional area with

velocity of blood flow

Pressures in circulatory system
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This post was last modified on 08 April 2022