Download MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery) 1st Year, 2nd Year, 3rd Year and Final year Physiology 46 Hematology Blood Composition And Function PPT-Powerpoint Presentations and lecture notes
Hematology
Hematology-Introductory lecture
Learning Objectives:
At the end of this lecture student should be able to describe
1. What is Hematology
2. Definition, composition and functions of blood
3. Difference between blood and serum and
importance of the term serum
??Hematology
Introduction to the branch of Hematology
Hematology ?
It is a branch of medical sciences that is
concerned with the study of blood i.e.
functions of its components, and related
disorders (diseases) and treatment.
Introduction to the branch of Hematology
It encompasses
physiology,
pathology &
clinical laboratory work,
internal medicine, and
pediatrics
Definition of Blood
Definition of Blood
Blood is a specialized, constantly flowing connective
tissue which acts as
a link between external & internal environment
Thus carries out transport functions in body
and works to maintain `constancy of milieu interior'
What is external and internal environment
What is external and internal environment
External Environment
Blood
Internal Environment
Need - a link between ext & int environment
Life arose in sea as unicel ular
organisms.
Unicel ular organism was
present in the `unlimited ?
constant' external environment
of the primordial sea.
Need of a link between ext & int environment
With time the evolution from unicel ular organisms to multicel ular organisms, the
transition from specialized cel groups to organs, occurred.
Thus interstitial fluid came into existence but it was very limited.
Thus a system of circulating fluid blood came in to existence as a link between this int
and ext environment
Common Characteristics of Blood
?Blood volume (liters) = 7%-8% of body weight (80 ml/kg bw)
? adult male: 5 to 6 liters
? adult female: 4 to 5 liters
? Blood pH:
Slightly alkaline pH - 7.35-7.45
? Viscosity:
Blood is a viscous fluidWhole blood: 4?5 times to water (RBC).
Common Characteristics of Blood
The specific gravity (relative density) of
Whole blood : 1.050-1.060
Functions of blood
Maintain homeostasis
Transport Actions : Blood transports various substances-
1. Nutrients, 2. Gases, 3. Waste products, 4.Transport of various cel ular products
Defense against invading foreign substances including microorganisms
Hemostasis is one of the very important function
Water balance : Increased intake Increased output
Temperature Regulation: It helps in circulating body heat evenly throughout the
body.
Composition of Blood
Water: 90% - 93%
Plasma: 50-60%
Solutes: 7% -10% Proteins
Nutrients
Whole
Products
Electrolytes
blood
Others: urea, gases.
WBC+ Platelet : 1%
RBC: 40-50% (male)
37-45% (female)
And anticoagulant is mixed
Composition of Blood
Formed cellular Components:
The Erythrocytes (RBCs - 4-6 mil ion/mm3 ,
45% - PCV)
The Leukocytes and Platelets =~1%),
Leukocytes (WBCs - 4000-11000/mm3)
Platelets (Thrombocytes - 1.5-4.0 lac/mm3)
Composition of Blood
Plasma:
A protein-rich straw colored supernatant clear fluid
portion of the anticoagulant mixed blood,
that is devoid of suspended cel ular elements,
has immense number of organic & inorganic molecules.
Composition of Blood
Serum:
If whole blood is al owed to clot and
the clot is removed, the remaining clear fluid is cal ed serum.
Serum has essential y the same composition as plasma, except that
its fibrinogen and clotting factors II, V, and VIII have been removed and it has a
higher serotonin content
For al blood chemistry serum of blood is preferred over plasma.
Exercise-MCQs
Major constitute of blood is
(a) Water
(b) Protein
(c) Cel s
(d) Inorganic molecules
Amount of total blood volume in an individual is approximately:
(a) 50 -60 ml/kg body weight
(b) 70-80 ml/kg body weight
(c) 90-100 ml/kg body weight
(d) >100 ml/kg body weight
Total blood volume (% of body weight) is:
(a) 8
(b) 20
(c) 40
(d) 80
This post was last modified on 08 April 2022