At the end of this lecture student should be able to describe
1. What is Hematology
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2. Definition, composition and functions of blood
3. Difference between blood and serum and
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importance of the term serum?Hematology
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Introduction to the branch of HematologyHematology ?
It is a branch of medical sciences that is
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concerned with the study of blood i.e.
functions of its components, and related
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disorders (diseases) and treatment.Introduction to the branch of Hematology
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It encompassesphysiology,
pathology &
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clinical laboratory work,
internal medicine, and
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pediatricsDefinition of Blood
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Definition of BloodBlood is a specialized, constantly flowing connective
tissue which acts as
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a link between external & internal environment
Thus carries out transport functions in body
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and works to maintain `constancy of milieu interior'What is external and internal environment
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What is external and internal environment
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External Environment
Blood
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Internal EnvironmentNeed - a link between ext & int environment
Life arose in sea as unicel ular
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organisms.
Unicel ular organism was
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present in the `unlimited ?constant' external environment
of the primordial sea.
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Need of a link between ext & int environment
With time the evolution from unicel ular organisms to multicel ular organisms, the
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transition from specialized cel groups to organs, occurred.Thus interstitial fluid came into existence but it was very limited.
Thus a system of circulating fluid blood came in to existence as a link between this int
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and ext environment
Common Characteristics of Blood
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?Blood volume (liters) = 7%-8% of body weight (80 ml/kg bw)? adult male: 5 to 6 liters
? adult female: 4 to 5 liters
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? Blood pH:
Slightly alkaline pH - 7.35-7.45
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? Viscosity:Blood is a viscous fluidWhole blood: 4?5 times to water (RBC).
Common Characteristics of Blood
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The specific gravity (relative density) ofWhole blood : 1.050-1.060
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Functions of blood
Maintain homeostasis
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Transport Actions : Blood transports various substances-1. Nutrients, 2. Gases, 3. Waste products, 4.Transport of various cel ular products
Defense against invading foreign substances including microorganisms
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Hemostasis is one of the very important function
Water balance : Increased intake Increased output
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Temperature Regulation: It helps in circulating body heat evenly throughout thebody.
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Composition of Blood
Water: 90% - 93%
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Plasma: 50-60%
Solutes: 7% -10% Proteins
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NutrientsWhole
Products
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Electrolytesblood
Others: urea, gases.
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WBC+ Platelet : 1%
RBC: 40-50% (male)
37-45% (female)
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And anticoagulant is mixed
Composition of Blood
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Formed cellular Components:The Erythrocytes (RBCs - 4-6 mil ion/mm3 ,
45% - PCV)
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The Leukocytes and Platelets =~1%),
Leukocytes (WBCs - 4000-11000/mm3)
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Platelets (Thrombocytes - 1.5-4.0 lac/mm3)Composition of Blood
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Plasma:A protein-rich straw colored supernatant clear fluid
portion of the anticoagulant mixed blood,
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that is devoid of suspended cel ular elements,
has immense number of organic & inorganic molecules.
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Composition of BloodSerum:
If whole blood is al owed to clot and
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the clot is removed, the remaining clear fluid is cal ed serum.
Serum has essential y the same composition as plasma, except that
its fibrinogen and clotting factors II, V, and VIII have been removed and it has a
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higher serotonin content
For al blood chemistry serum of blood is preferred over plasma.
Exercise-MCQs
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Major constitute of blood is
(a) Water
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(b) Protein(c) Cel s
(d) Inorganic molecules
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Amount of total blood volume in an individual is approximately:
(a) 50 -60 ml/kg body weight
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(b) 70-80 ml/kg body weight
(c) 90-100 ml/kg body weight
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(d) >100 ml/kg body weightTotal blood volume (% of body weight) is:
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(a) 8(b) 20
(c) 40
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(d) 80
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