? What is anemia
? What are symptoms and signs of anemia
? What is classification and different types of anemia
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? What are causes of different types of anemia--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
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Anaemia
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? Significant reduction (at least 10 %) incirculating red cell mass or their
hemoglobin content appropriate for the
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age and sex, leading to corresponding
decrease in the Oxygen - carrying capacity
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Normal Appearanceof blood.
? WHO criteria - Hb < 13 gm/dl in men & Hb <
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12 gm/dl in women
Pallor due to Anemia
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Grades of AnaemiaApproach to diagnosis for a case of anemia- Understanding Anemia
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? What are patients complaints- (Symptoms)? What are findings in patients on examination- (Signs)
? Probable diagnosis of anemia
? Investigations ? RBCs count, Hb esti. and PCV ?
Hematological Indices to reach to near the diagnosis
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- Specific tests for final diagnosisPresentation of Anemia
What are patients complaints- (Symptoms)
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What are findings in patients on examination- (Signs)
In anemia, body lacks oxygen, so following signs & symptoms may be experienced:
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Decreased Red Cel Production- Nutritional Deficiency- Iron Deficiency
Fe++ is required for Heme Synthesis ( Haemoglobin)
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Causes of Iron deficiency anemia:Decreased Red Cel Production- Nutritional Deficiency- Iron Deficiency
Clinical Features:
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During Early Phase- General for anemiaIron Therapy :
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Decreased Red Cel Production- Nutritional Deficiency- Maturation factors Deficiency(Megaloblastic Anaemia)
Pathophysiology
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?
Causes:
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Megaloblastic anaemia
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Clinical feature:Management/Treatment:
Decreased Blood Cells Production - Dysplastic / Aplastic Anaemia
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Bone marrow is the site of Blood cells production
Causes:
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PrimarySecondary
Dysplastic /Aplastic Anaemia
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Presentation-
Management-
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Decreased Red Cell Production - Anaemis of chronic disease
Pathophysiology
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Causes
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Decreased Red Cell Survival - Hemolytic anemia-
Intracorpuscular Defect-Hereditary Disorders
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PathophysiologyCauses
Decreased Red Cell Survival - Hemolytic anemia-
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Hereditary Spherocytosis
Pathophysiology -
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Decreased Red Cell Survival - Hemolytic anemia-
Glucose-6-PO4 ? Dehydrogenase Deficiency
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PathophysiologyDecreased Red Cell Survival - Hemolytic anemia-
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Globin chain Synthesis abnormality-
Most common of haemoglobinopathies- Sickle Cell Anaemia
Thalassemia
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Decreased Red Cell Survival - Extra corpuscular Hemolytic Anemia
-Acquired disorder-Nonimmune hemolytic anemias
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Chemicals and drugs -
Animal venoms ?
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Infectious agents ?Caused by physical injury to RBCs
Decreased Red Cell Survival - Extra corpuscular Hemolytic Anemia
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-Acquired disorder-Immuno hemolytic anemias
Autoimmune hemolytic anaemia (AIHA) :
Warm antibody hemolytic anemia - Cold antibody hemolytic anemia
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Decreased Red Cell Survival - Extra corpuscular Hemolytic Anemia
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-Acquired disorder-Immuno hemolytic anemiasDecreased Red Cell Survival - Post hemorrhagic anemia
Acute blood loss anemia, also called hemorrhagic anemia, occurs due to acute
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hemorrhage (bleeding).
Self Assessment
Significant reduction (at least 10 %) in circulating ............or their ........................appropriate for the age
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and sex, leading to corresponding decrease in the ..............................of blood.
WHO criteria - Hb < ....... gm/dl in men & Hb < ....... gm/dl in women.
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.....................................type of Anemia includes Iron deficiency, Thalassemia, lead poisoningMCV-...............the causes include Vit B12 and/or Folic acid Deficiency
Chronic blood loss leads to...........................................................................
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................................................. anemia is a type of megaloblastic anemia there is decreased availability of IF
Tuberculosis may cause anemia ................................................................
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