Download MBBS Physiology Presentations 47 Anemia Lecture Notes

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Anemia

Learning Objectives

? What is anemia
? What are symptoms and signs of anemia
? What is classification and different types of anemia
? What are causes of different types of anemia












Anaemia

? Significant reduction (at least 10 %) in

circulating red cell mass or their

hemoglobin content appropriate for the

age and sex, leading to corresponding

decrease in the Oxygen - carrying capacity

Normal Appearance

of blood.

? WHO criteria - Hb < 13 gm/dl in men & Hb <

12 gm/dl in women

Pallor due to Anemia

Grades of Anaemia


Approach to diagnosis for a case of anemia- Understanding Anemia

? What are patients complaints- (Symptoms)
? What are findings in patients on examination- (Signs)
? Probable diagnosis of anemia
? Investigations ? RBCs count, Hb esti. and PCV ?
Hematological Indices to reach to near the diagnosis
- Specific tests for final diagnosis

Presentation of Anemia

What are patients complaints- (Symptoms)

What are findings in patients on examination- (Signs)

In anemia, body lacks oxygen, so following signs & symptoms may be experienced:


Decreased Red Cel Production- Nutritional Deficiency- Iron Deficiency

Fe++ is required for Heme Synthesis ( Haemoglobin)

Causes of Iron deficiency anemia:

Decreased Red Cel Production- Nutritional Deficiency- Iron Deficiency

Clinical Features:
During Early Phase- General for anemia

Iron Therapy :


Decreased Red Cel Production- Nutritional Deficiency- Maturation factors Deficiency

(Megaloblastic Anaemia)

Pathophysiology

?

Causes:




Megaloblastic anaemia

Clinical feature:

Management/Treatment:

Decreased Blood Cells Production - Dysplastic / Aplastic Anaemia

Bone marrow is the site of Blood cells production

Causes:

Primary
Secondary


Dysplastic /Aplastic Anaemia

Presentation-

Management-



Decreased Red Cell Production - Anaemis of chronic disease

Pathophysiology



Causes


Decreased Red Cell Survival - Hemolytic anemia-

Intracorpuscular Defect-Hereditary Disorders

Pathophysiology

Causes

Decreased Red Cell Survival - Hemolytic anemia-

Hereditary Spherocytosis

Pathophysiology -


Decreased Red Cell Survival - Hemolytic anemia-

Glucose-6-PO4 ? Dehydrogenase Deficiency

Pathophysiology



Decreased Red Cell Survival - Hemolytic anemia-

Globin chain Synthesis abnormality-

Most common of haemoglobinopathies- Sickle Cell Anaemia
Thalassemia


Decreased Red Cell Survival - Extra corpuscular Hemolytic Anemia

-Acquired disorder-Nonimmune hemolytic anemias

Chemicals and drugs -

Animal venoms ?

Infectious agents ?

Caused by physical injury to RBCs

Decreased Red Cell Survival - Extra corpuscular Hemolytic Anemia

-Acquired disorder-Immuno hemolytic anemias

Autoimmune hemolytic anaemia (AIHA) :
Warm antibody hemolytic anemia - Cold antibody hemolytic anemia



Decreased Red Cell Survival - Extra corpuscular Hemolytic Anemia

-Acquired disorder-Immuno hemolytic anemias

Decreased Red Cell Survival - Post hemorrhagic anemia

Acute blood loss anemia, also called hemorrhagic anemia, occurs due to acute

hemorrhage (bleeding).
Self Assessment

Significant reduction (at least 10 %) in circulating ............or their ........................appropriate for the age

and sex, leading to corresponding decrease in the ..............................of blood.

WHO criteria - Hb < ....... gm/dl in men & Hb < ....... gm/dl in women.

.....................................type of Anemia includes Iron deficiency, Thalassemia, lead poisoning

MCV-...............the causes include Vit B12 and/or Folic acid Deficiency

Chronic blood loss leads to...........................................................................

................................................. anemia is a type of megaloblastic anemia there is decreased availability of IF

Tuberculosis may cause anemia ................................................................

Thank you

This post was last modified on 08 April 2022