Download MBBS Physiology Presentations 52 Hematology Lecture Notes

Download MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery) 1st Year, 2nd Year, 3rd Year and Final year Physiology 52 Hematology PPT-Powerpoint Presentations and lecture notes


WBCs / Leukocytes

Learning Objectives

? Introduction to WBCs

? Myelopoiesis & its steps

? Neutrophil characteristics

? Inflammation and signs of inflammation

? Role of Neutrophil in

inflammation/infection

? Causes of Neutrophil number variation
Introduction ? WBCs / Leukocytes

Human body is exposed to a number of, diseases causing microbes all the time and

but body is equipped with the White blood cells to safeguards from these microbes.

We can say that WBCs are mobile units of body's protective mechanisms (IMMUNITY).

Peripheral blood - WBC count= 4000-11000/mm3, Life span 4-8 hours in bloodstream

Tissue life span estimated at 4-5 days.

Normal range of WBCs / Leukocytes

Total Leukocytes Count (TLC)

4000?11,000/mm3

Differential Leukocytes Count (DLC)



Absolute value % value
Neutrophils

3000?6000 50?70



Eosinophils

150?300

1?4

Basophils

o1?100 0.4


Lymphocytes

1500?4000

20?40


Monocytes

300?600

2?8


Introduction ? WBCs / Leukocytes

WBCs - concerned with non specific immunity- Granulocytes and Monocytes.

Neutrophils

Eosinophils

Basophils

WBCs - concerned with specific immunity - Lymphocytes



Myelopoiesis

Myeloid Stem Cells

HSC

Lymphoid Stem Cells

Myeloid Stem Cells CFU-GM Myeloblast Promyelocyte



Polymorphonuclear Band form Metamyelocyte Myelocyte


Neutrophil

Most Numerous of all leukocytes : 50 ? 70%

Diameter : 10 ? 14 ?

The Cytoplasm contains closely packed, fine and

violet-pink granules

The Nucleus can have 1 ? 6

Function- Neutrophil can cause effective `Phagocytosis' ?to

kill foreign particles and microbes.

Form first line of defense.

Neutrophil

Granules contents (biologically active substances) ?


Neutrophil - Role in Inflammation / Phagocytosis

Neutrophil blood cells are very important in

combating acute inflammation in body by the

process of

`leukocytes adhesion cascade' reaction i.e.:

Margination,

Rolling,

Adhesion,

Diapedesis

Chemotaxis and

Phagocytosis

Inflammation and Signs of inflammation

The five cardinal signs of inflammation--

Redness (rubor)

Heat (calor)

Swelling (tumor)

Pain (dolor)--were described by Cornelius Celsus.

A fifth consequence of inflammation is the loss of

function of the inflamed area, Rudolf Virchow


Neutrophil- Role in Inflammation / Phagocytosis

Phagocytosis- Phagesis: to eat, Cytos: cells

`Process of ingestion and destroying of foreign

microbes/antigens'

Endocytosis-Taking in Microbes and cell debris



Formation of Phagosome

lysosome

Phagolysosome

Neutrophil- Causes of variation in Number

Neutrophilia :Increase in neutrophil=>12000/mm3

Causes-


Neutropenia :Decrease in neutrophils= <2000/mm3

Causes-
Neutrophil- Leukemia

Leukaemia, is a malignant neoplasm that involve HSC

in the bone marrow and results in formation of high numbers of

abnormal nonfunctional white blood cells (>1 Lac/mm3). These white

blood cells are not fully developed and are called blasts or leukemia

cells.

Self Assessment

Normal WBC count is --------------------- /mm3

Steps of Myelopoiesis: ................. CFU-GM ................ Promyelocyte...................

Metamyelocyte ........................Mature form.

30% neutrophil cell nuclei of female contains a small, densely staining structure, consisting of a condensed,

inactive .....................known as ...........................

Name 3 important granules contents of neutrophil (biologically active substances)?...............

`leukocytes adhesion cascade' reactions include ......................................................

The inflammatory response involves three major stages: first, ...............................to increase blood flow;

second, ........................................... from the bloodstream; and third, .................................at the site of injury.

The five cardinal signs of inflammation are .................................................. of the inflamed area.

Name 6 important Released chemokines from injured tissues to mediate inflammation ? .....................
Thank you

This post was last modified on 08 April 2022