? Myelopoiesis & its steps
? Neutrophil characteristics
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? Inflammation and signs of inflammation
? Role of Neutrophil in
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inflammation/infection? Causes of Neutrophil number variation
Introduction ? WBCs / Leukocytes
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Human body is exposed to a number of, diseases causing microbes all the time andbut body is equipped with the White blood cells to safeguards from these microbes.
We can say that WBCs are mobile units of body's protective mechanisms (IMMUNITY).
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Peripheral blood - WBC count= 4000-11000/mm3, Life span 4-8 hours in bloodstream
Tissue life span estimated at 4-5 days.
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Normal range of WBCs / LeukocytesTotal Leukocytes Count (TLC)
4000?11,000/mm3
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Differential Leukocytes Count (DLC)
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Absolute value % valueNeutrophils
3000?6000 50?70
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Eosinophils
150?300
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1?4
Basophils
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o1?100 0.4Lymphocytes
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1500?400020?40
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Monocytes300?600
2?8
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Introduction ? WBCs / Leukocytes
WBCs - concerned with non specific immunity- Granulocytes and Monocytes.
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Neutrophils
Eosinophils
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BasophilsWBCs - concerned with specific immunity - Lymphocytes
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Myelopoiesis
Myeloid Stem Cells
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HSCLymphoid Stem Cells
Myeloid Stem Cells CFU-GM Myeloblast Promyelocyte
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Polymorphonuclear Band form Metamyelocyte Myelocyte
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Neutrophil
Most Numerous of all leukocytes : 50 ? 70%
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Diameter : 10 ? 14 ?The Cytoplasm contains closely packed, fine and
violet-pink granules
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The Nucleus can have 1 ? 6
Function- Neutrophil can cause effective `Phagocytosis' ?to
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kill foreign particles and microbes.Form first line of defense.
Neutrophil
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Granules contents (biologically active substances) ?
Neutrophil - Role in Inflammation / Phagocytosis
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Neutrophil blood cells are very important in
combating acute inflammation in body by the
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process of`leukocytes adhesion cascade' reaction i.e.:
Margination,
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Rolling,
Adhesion,
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DiapedesisChemotaxis and
Phagocytosis
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Inflammation and Signs of inflammation
The five cardinal signs of inflammation--
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Redness (rubor)Heat (calor)
Swelling (tumor)
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Pain (dolor)--were described by Cornelius Celsus.
A fifth consequence of inflammation is the loss of
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function of the inflamed area, Rudolf VirchowNeutrophil- Role in Inflammation / Phagocytosis
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Phagocytosis- Phagesis: to eat, Cytos: cells`Process of ingestion and destroying of foreign
microbes/antigens'
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Endocytosis-Taking in Microbes and cell debris
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Formation of Phagosomelysosome
Phagolysosome
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Neutrophil- Causes of variation in Number
Neutrophilia :Increase in neutrophil=>12000/mm3
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Causes-Neutropenia :Decrease in neutrophils= <2000/mm3
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Causes-Neutrophil- Leukemia
Leukaemia, is a malignant neoplasm that involve HSC
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in the bone marrow and results in formation of high numbers ofabnormal nonfunctional white blood cells (>1 Lac/mm3). These white
blood cells are not fully developed and are called blasts or leukemia
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cells.
Self Assessment
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Normal WBC count is --------------------- /mm3Steps of Myelopoiesis: ................. CFU-GM ................ Promyelocyte...................
Metamyelocyte ........................Mature form.
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30% neutrophil cell nuclei of female contains a small, densely staining structure, consisting of a condensed,
inactive .....................known as ...........................
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Name 3 important granules contents of neutrophil (biologically active substances)?...............`leukocytes adhesion cascade' reactions include ......................................................
The inflammatory response involves three major stages: first, ...............................to increase blood flow;
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second, ........................................... from the bloodstream; and third, .................................at the site of injury.
The five cardinal signs of inflammation are .................................................. of the inflamed area.
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Name 6 important Released chemokines from injured tissues to mediate inflammation ? .....................Thank you