? Innate Immunity
? Lymphoid Tissue
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Introduction to Immunity
Immunitas : Freedom from
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Immunity is the ability of body to destroy potentially hazardous/harmful
foreign substances, if entered in body, that is it provides FREEDOM from any
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foreign invader.Types of Immunity
Depending on presence-since birth or after birth
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Innate (Non specific immunity) - present since birth
Acquired (Specific immunity) - develop afterwards
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Humoral ImmunityCellular Immunity
Acquired
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Immunity
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Innate Immunity
Innate (Non specific immunity)-
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It denotes to nonspecific protection mechanisms that comeinto play immediately or within hours of an antigen's
appearance in the body. These mechanisms include-
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1) Physical barriers:
2) Chemical barriers:
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3) Cellular Components:4) Proteins:
Natural killer cells
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Natural killer cells (also known as Nk cells, K cells, and killer cells) are a type of lymphocyte
which does not undergo processing, show much faster immune reaction and thus a
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component of innate immune system.Interferon
Interferons are named after their ability to "interfere" with
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viral replication within host cells.
Alternate pathway of complement system
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Lymphoid Tissue
Lymphoid tissue are the sites of processing to form
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immunocompetent lymphocytes and storage.Primary lymphoid tissue (Central lymphoid tissue )
Secondary lymphoid tissue (Peripheral lymphoid tissue)
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Primary Lymphoid Tissue-Thymus
Thymus increases in size from
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birth (10-15 gm to 40 gm at
puberty) in response to postnatal
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antigen stimulation and regressesthereafter, still, minimal T
lymphopoiesis continues
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throughout adult life.
Primary Lymphoid Tissue-Thymus
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1) Formation of specific surface receptors during Maturation:2) Development of `Tolerance to self antigen proteins':
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Secondary Lymphoid Tissue-SpleenThis is the body's largest
lymphatic organ.
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It is a large encapsulated organ in
left upper part of abdomen, the
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outer capsule is fibro-elastic. Likethe thymus, the spleen has only
efferent lymphatic vessels. The
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germinal centers are supplied by
arterioles.
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Secondary Lymphoid Tissue ? Lymph Nodes500-600 lymph nodes in the
human body are grouped in
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clusters in different regions as
at the base of limbs, abdominal
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and neck areas , where lymph iscollected from regions of the
body likely to sustain pathogen
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contamination from injuries.
Secondary Lymphoid Tissue ? Lymphoid follicles
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Lymph
Lymph, (lymph = clear fluid)
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Fluid filters out of capillaries and drains into lymphatic vessels to become lymph and circulatesthroughout the lymphatic system.
Lymph is same as interstitial fluid, the fluid around tissue cells. Lymph eventually drains into
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venous blood.
Self Assessment
Immunity is the ability of body to ............................potential y hazardous/harmful foreign substances.
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Innate immunity denotes to ............. protection mechanisms that come into play ....................of an antigen's
appearance in the body.
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Natural kil er cells are a type of lymphocyte which does not undergo ........................Interferons are named after their ability to "interfere" with .........................................within host cells.
........................... is the body's largest lymphatic organ.
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Tolerance to self antigen proteins develop in .......................
Thank you
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