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Download MBBS Physiology Presentations 56 Hematology Immunity 3 Lecture Notes

Download MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery) 1st Year, 2nd Year, 3rd Year and Final year Physiology 56 Hematology Immunity 3 PPT-Powerpoint Presentations and lecture notes

This post was last modified on 08 April 2022

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Learning Objectives

? Steps of cellular immune response

? Cytokines

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? Unwanted effects of immune system

? AIDS

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Cellular Immunity

TH1

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APC

Cellular Immunity

Clones of T cells recognize antigens

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(Clonal Selection) through the TH1

Gets activated by the released cytokines

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of TH1, start proliferating


Cellular Immunity ?Function of CTL

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Cytotoxic T cell, (CD8 cells) are the main

effectors of the cell-mediated immune

response by secreting perforins and

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granzymes that destroy virally, fungal

infected or abnormal body cells (cancer,

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transplanted cells with foreign MHC).

Cel ular Immunity ? Effector Phase- Function of Helper T cel s

T helper 1 (TH1) cells secrete IL-2, -interferon & TNF- and are concerned

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primarily with stimulating cellular immunity.


TH2 cells secrete IL-4, IL-5 & IL-6 and interact primarily with B cells in relation

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to humoral immunity.


Cytokines

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Small signalling proteins

hormone-like molecules acting

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in paracrine way ? secreted by

number of cells mainly of the

Expression

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immune system to cause innate

and acquired immunity in an

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effective way.

Acquired Immunity-Active and Passive Immunity

Specific to the antigen of a particular pathogen.

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ACTIVE IMMUNITY

PASSIVE IMMUNITY

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Direct response by production of antibodies or

It is an immune response which involves

activated T cells, to unknown pathogen (abs & act T-

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antibodies obtained from outside the body.

cells).

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Acquired Immunity-Active and Passive Immunity

(Vaccination)

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(IgA-Milk

( anti D abs

IgG-Placenta)

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AVS, ATS )

Unwanted effects of Immunity

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Related to Humoral Immunity:

Allergy or Immediate Hypersensitivity Reaction

Auto-immune diseases

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Myeloma

Related to Cellular Immunity:

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Delayed Hypersensitivity Reaction

Auto-immune diseases

Rejection of Transplanted tissues

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AIDS

AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) is caused by an infection by the HIV

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(Human Immunodeficiency Virus), and Discovered in 1983.
It attacks and destroys T-helper cells.

Some drugs can slow down HIV reproduction, but no cure exists yet. Prevention is still

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the best `cure'

The virus fools and forces TH-cells to make more viruses, killing the T-cells when the viral

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replication become excessive.

The cause of death is not the HIV infection itself

but since it cripples immune system and

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with immune system shut down,

common diseases that immune system normally

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could defeat, become life-threatening.

Self Assessment

Activated TH1 cells secrete .........................................

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TH2 cells secrete ...........................and interact primarily with B cells.

.........................................Small signalling proteins hormone-like molecules acting

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in paracrine way ? secreted by number of cells mainly of the immune system
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