Download MBBS Physiology Presentations 56 Hematology Immunity 3 Lecture Notes

Download MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery) 1st Year, 2nd Year, 3rd Year and Final year Physiology 56 Hematology Immunity 3 PPT-Powerpoint Presentations and lecture notes




Immune system-Acquired/Adaptive immunity

Learning Objectives

? Steps of cellular immune response

? Cytokines

? Unwanted effects of immune system

? AIDS


Cellular Immunity

TH1

APC

Cellular Immunity

Clones of T cells recognize antigens

(Clonal Selection) through the TH1

Gets activated by the released cytokines

of TH1, start proliferating


Cellular Immunity ?Function of CTL

Cytotoxic T cell, (CD8 cells) are the main

effectors of the cell-mediated immune

response by secreting perforins and

granzymes that destroy virally, fungal

infected or abnormal body cells (cancer,

transplanted cells with foreign MHC).

Cel ular Immunity ? Effector Phase- Function of Helper T cel s

T helper 1 (TH1) cells secrete IL-2, -interferon & TNF- and are concerned

primarily with stimulating cellular immunity.


TH2 cells secrete IL-4, IL-5 & IL-6 and interact primarily with B cells in relation

to humoral immunity.


Cytokines

Small signalling proteins

hormone-like molecules acting

in paracrine way ? secreted by

number of cells mainly of the

Expression

immune system to cause innate

and acquired immunity in an

effective way.

Acquired Immunity-Active and Passive Immunity

Specific to the antigen of a particular pathogen.

ACTIVE IMMUNITY

PASSIVE IMMUNITY

Direct response by production of antibodies or

It is an immune response which involves

activated T cells, to unknown pathogen (abs & act T-

antibodies obtained from outside the body.

cells).


Acquired Immunity-Active and Passive Immunity

(Vaccination)

(IgA-Milk

( anti D abs

IgG-Placenta)

AVS, ATS )

Unwanted effects of Immunity

Related to Humoral Immunity:

Allergy or Immediate Hypersensitivity Reaction

Auto-immune diseases

Myeloma

Related to Cellular Immunity:

Delayed Hypersensitivity Reaction

Auto-immune diseases

Rejection of Transplanted tissues


AIDS

AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) is caused by an infection by the HIV

(Human Immunodeficiency Virus), and Discovered in 1983.
It attacks and destroys T-helper cells.

Some drugs can slow down HIV reproduction, but no cure exists yet. Prevention is still

the best `cure'

The virus fools and forces TH-cells to make more viruses, killing the T-cells when the viral

replication become excessive.

The cause of death is not the HIV infection itself

but since it cripples immune system and

with immune system shut down,

common diseases that immune system normally

could defeat, become life-threatening.

Self Assessment

Activated TH1 cells secrete .........................................

TH2 cells secrete ...........................and interact primarily with B cells.

.........................................Small signalling proteins hormone-like molecules acting

in paracrine way ? secreted by number of cells mainly of the immune system
Thank you

This post was last modified on 08 April 2022