Download MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery) 1st Year, 2nd Year, 3rd Year and Final year Physiology 56 Hematology Immunity 3 PPT-Powerpoint Presentations and lecture notes
Immune system-Acquired/Adaptive immunity
Learning Objectives
? Steps of cellular immune response
? Cytokines
? Unwanted effects of immune system
? AIDS
Cellular Immunity
TH1
APC
Cellular Immunity
Clones of T cells recognize antigens
(Clonal Selection) through the TH1
Gets activated by the released cytokines
of TH1, start proliferating
Cellular Immunity ?Function of CTL
Cytotoxic T cell, (CD8 cells) are the main
effectors of the cell-mediated immune
response by secreting perforins and
granzymes that destroy virally, fungal
infected or abnormal body cells (cancer,
transplanted cells with foreign MHC).
Cel ular Immunity ? Effector Phase- Function of Helper T cel s
T helper 1 (TH1) cells secrete IL-2, -interferon & TNF- and are concerned
primarily with stimulating cellular immunity.
TH2 cells secrete IL-4, IL-5 & IL-6 and interact primarily with B cells in relation
to humoral immunity.
Cytokines
Small signalling proteins
hormone-like molecules acting
in paracrine way ? secreted by
number of cells mainly of the
Expression
immune system to cause innate
and acquired immunity in an
effective way.
Acquired Immunity-Active and Passive Immunity
Specific to the antigen of a particular pathogen.
ACTIVE IMMUNITY
PASSIVE IMMUNITY
Direct response by production of antibodies or
It is an immune response which involves
activated T cells, to unknown pathogen (abs & act T-
antibodies obtained from outside the body.
cells).
Acquired Immunity-Active and Passive Immunity
(Vaccination)
(IgA-Milk
( anti D abs
IgG-Placenta)
AVS, ATS )
Unwanted effects of Immunity
Related to Humoral Immunity:
Allergy or Immediate Hypersensitivity Reaction
Auto-immune diseases
Myeloma
Related to Cellular Immunity:
Delayed Hypersensitivity Reaction
Auto-immune diseases
Rejection of Transplanted tissues
AIDS
AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) is caused by an infection by the HIV
(Human Immunodeficiency Virus), and Discovered in 1983.
It attacks and destroys T-helper cells.
Some drugs can slow down HIV reproduction, but no cure exists yet. Prevention is still
the best `cure'
The virus fools and forces TH-cells to make more viruses, killing the T-cells when the viral
replication become excessive.
The cause of death is not the HIV infection itself
but since it cripples immune system and
with immune system shut down,
common diseases that immune system normally
could defeat, become life-threatening.
Self Assessment
Activated TH1 cells secrete .........................................
TH2 cells secrete ...........................and interact primarily with B cells.
.........................................Small signalling proteins hormone-like molecules acting
in paracrine way ? secreted by number of cells mainly of the immune system
Thank you
This post was last modified on 08 April 2022