? Steps of cellular immune response
? Cytokines
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? Unwanted effects of immune system
? AIDS
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Cellular Immunity
TH1
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APCCellular Immunity
Clones of T cells recognize antigens
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(Clonal Selection) through the TH1
Gets activated by the released cytokines
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of TH1, start proliferatingCellular Immunity ?Function of CTL
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Cytotoxic T cell, (CD8 cells) are the maineffectors of the cell-mediated immune
response by secreting perforins and
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granzymes that destroy virally, fungal
infected or abnormal body cells (cancer,
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transplanted cells with foreign MHC).Cel ular Immunity ? Effector Phase- Function of Helper T cel s
T helper 1 (TH1) cells secrete IL-2, -interferon & TNF- and are concerned
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primarily with stimulating cellular immunity.
TH2 cells secrete IL-4, IL-5 & IL-6 and interact primarily with B cells in relation
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to humoral immunity.
Cytokines
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Small signalling proteins
hormone-like molecules acting
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in paracrine way ? secreted bynumber of cells mainly of the
Expression
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immune system to cause innate
and acquired immunity in an
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effective way.Acquired Immunity-Active and Passive Immunity
Specific to the antigen of a particular pathogen.
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ACTIVE IMMUNITY
PASSIVE IMMUNITY
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Direct response by production of antibodies orIt is an immune response which involves
activated T cells, to unknown pathogen (abs & act T-
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antibodies obtained from outside the body.
cells).
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Acquired Immunity-Active and Passive Immunity
(Vaccination)
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(IgA-Milk( anti D abs
IgG-Placenta)
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AVS, ATS )
Unwanted effects of Immunity
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Related to Humoral Immunity:Allergy or Immediate Hypersensitivity Reaction
Auto-immune diseases
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Myeloma
Related to Cellular Immunity:
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Delayed Hypersensitivity ReactionAuto-immune diseases
Rejection of Transplanted tissues
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AIDS
AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) is caused by an infection by the HIV
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(Human Immunodeficiency Virus), and Discovered in 1983.
It attacks and destroys T-helper cells.
Some drugs can slow down HIV reproduction, but no cure exists yet. Prevention is still
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the best `cure'
The virus fools and forces TH-cells to make more viruses, killing the T-cells when the viral
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replication become excessive.The cause of death is not the HIV infection itself
but since it cripples immune system and
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with immune system shut down,
common diseases that immune system normally
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could defeat, become life-threatening.Self Assessment
Activated TH1 cells secrete .........................................
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TH2 cells secrete ...........................and interact primarily with B cells.
.........................................Small signalling proteins hormone-like molecules acting
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in paracrine way ? secreted by number of cells mainly of the immune systemThank you