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This post was last modified on 08 April 2022

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To understand

Handling of water, organic compounds, and ions in LOH and Distal segment.

Different membrane proteins and osmolality of these segments.

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Nephron : Tubular Segments

Three major segments:

Handling/Transport of different solutes in Loop of Henle

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PTCp
Segment ? Loop of Henle

Loop of Henle

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Segment - Loop of Henle Characteristics --TF handling as per

Permeability

+ADH/ - ADH

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AQP1

Segment-Thin Descending Limb of LOH
Thin descending limb of Loop of Henle

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Since water and solutes are reabsorbed (65-67%)

in PxCT ? it receives: 1/3rd of the original volume

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and isosmotic to surrounding fluid (400 mosm/kg)

Segment ? Thin descending limb of Loop of Henle

Water reabsorption

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Na+ - also reabsorbed.

300

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600

1200

1200

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Segment ? Thin descending limb of Loop of Henle

Secretion of urea

Segment Thin Ascending Limb of LOH

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Thin Ascending Limb of LOH

This segment is impermeable to water ? `NO' H2O reabsorption here.

Reabsorption of NaCl

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Small amount of Ca++ & HCO3- - reabsorbed

Secretion of urea

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Thick Ascending Limb of LOH
Thick ascending limb of LOH

NaCl reabsorption ?

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Thick ascending limb of LOH

paracellular reabsorption of
Applied - Bartter Syndrome

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Mutations in the gene coding for the Na+-K+-2Cl-

symporter (NKCC)

OSMOLALITY of TF leaving LOH-Diluting Segments

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Summary of Events- Handling of TF in LOH

Distal Segment
Segment ? Distal Segment -Characteristics --TF handling as per

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Permeability

+ADH/ - ADH

AQP1

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Distal Segment
DxT (Early and Late) and Col ecting Tubule (CLT)
Early segment of the distal tubule (DxT)

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Functionally, similar to thick

ALOLOH, This segment is also

impermeable to w ater.

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Late segment of the distal tubule and col ecting tubule
Late segment of the distal tubule and col ecting tubule

1. Principal cells reabsorb Na+ and water and secrete K+.

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2. Intercalated cells ? Imp for acid base balance and K+ balance.

Principal cells ?
Principal cells

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Aldosterone

Principal Cel s-Mechanism of action of Aldosterone

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Na+ - K+ ATPase pump on

Na+ reabsorption and

K+ secretion

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Aldosterone
Principal Cells-Mechanism of action of Arginine Vasopressin (AVP) /ADH

V2 receptors

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Intercalated cel s (IC Cel s) ?
IC Cells ? Late segment of the DxT & C T

L (Cortical & Medul ary C T

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L )

Secretion of K+ and H+ based on body pH

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Medullary Collecting Tubule

There are special urea transporters ( UT A1

and UT A3) that facilitate urea diffusion across

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the luminal and BL memb.
Regulatory Control of Intercalated cells

Aldosterone and systemic acidosis -

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Aldosterone and alkalosis -

Summary of Events- Handling of TF in DxT
OSMOLALITY of TF leaving Dx Segment

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Hyposmotic fluid to ISF (100

mosm/kg H2O) enters the DxT
Undergoes water reabs and solutes

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reabs under the regulatory control of

hormones

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normally final fluid osmolality ranges

from 50-1200 mosm/kg H2O

(isosmotic fluid to ISF ) when

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permeable to water (+ADH).

Hormones that regulate tubular reabsorption

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Site of action

Effects_____________________

Aldosterone

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DXCT, Col ecting tubule

NaCl, H2O reabs, K+ & H + secretion

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Angiotensin II

PxT, Thick ALOLOH , DxT and CT

NaCl, H2O reabs, H+ secretion

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Antidiuretic Hormone

D

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H

XCT, Col ecting tubule

2O reabs

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Atrial natriuretic peptide

DXCT, Col ecting tubule

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NaCl reabs

Para thyroid hormone

PxT, Thick ALOLOH , DxT

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Ca++ reabs, PO4- - - reabs
Self Assessment

About urea , all are true except :

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a) concentration rises in tubular fluid as the glomerular filtrate passes down the nephron.

b) is actively secreted by the renal tubular cells
c) concentration in the blood rises slightly after a high protein diet

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d) causes osmotic diuresis when its blood concentration is increased .

Aldosterone and systemic acidosis ?
proton pump in apical memb

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proton pump in BL memb

expression of AE1 in BL memb

expression of AE1 in BL memb

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Thank you