Download MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery) Surgery Final Year Case Presentation Direct Hernia Case Clinical Examination Discussion and Treatment
from Perungudi , Watchman by
occupation,
? Presented with c/o swelling and pain in
the left groin ? 1 month
HISTORY OF PRESENTING COMPLAINTS
? Swelling in the left groin ?present for 1 month,
insidious in onset, started as a small swelling &
gradually increased in size to reach the present
size & confined to the inguinal region, increases in
size on physical activity ,standing and coughing,
partially decreases on lying down, fully reducible
by the patient manually
?Pain in the left groin- for 1 month,
insidious onset, dragging pain
confined to the swelling , on and
off, relieved with rest
? No h/o abdominal pain/abdominal
distension/vomiting/constipation
? No h/o chronic cough/difficulty in micturition/
difficulty in defecation
? No h/o sudden heavy weight lifting
? No h/o trauma
? No h/o sudden increase in size of swelling
? No h/o discolouration of skin over the swelling
? No h/o irreducibility
? No h/o swelling elsewhere in the body
PAST HISTORY
? H/o similar swelling in the right side for
which elective open hernia surgery was
done 3 yrs back and the post op period
was uneventful
? No h/o Diabetes
Mellitus/Hypertension/Bronchial
Asthma/TB/ epilepsy/jaundice/IHD
? No h/o previous other surgeries
PERSONAL HISTORY
?Consumes non vegetarian diet
?Smoker for the past 30 years
?Consumes alcohol occasionally
?Normal bladder and bowel habits
Family history ? Not relevant
GENERAL EXAMINATION
? Conscious, Oriented, moderately built and
moderately nourished
? No pallor /Icterus/cyanosis/clubbing/
pedal edema/ generalised lymphadenopathy
VITAL SIGNS
? Pulse rate - 78/min, Regular rhythm , Normal
volume , no specific character, felt equally in all
peripheral palpable vessels , no vessel wall
thickening , No radio-radial or radio-femoral delay
? BP-120/80 mm Hg left upper limb, sitting posture
? Respiratory rate -24/min regular in rhythm ,
abdominothoracic
? Afebrile
LOCAL EXAMINATION
EXAMINATION OF THE LEFT INGUINAL REGION
? Inspection on standing :
? 4x4 cm hemispherical swelling visible in
left inguinal region , limited to the inguinal
region,not extending into the scrotum,
surface smooth , margins well defined
? Skin over the swelling appears normal
? No dilated veins/ redness/scars
? No visible peristalsis
? Visible cough impulse seen
? Penis normal in position
? Urethral meatus normal
? Scrotum appears normal
? Inspection in supine position ;
? Swelling disappears ,reappears during coughing
EXAMINATION OF THE RIGHT INGUINAL
REGION
A 5 cm scar of previous hernia surgery , seen 2 cm
above the groin crease
PALPATION
? Not warm/ non tender
? Inspectory findings of site/size/shape of swelling
confirmed
? Extent : 7 cm from ASIS and 1 cm from pubic
tubercle
? Expansile cough impulse +
? Cannot get above the swelling
? Consistency- Elastic
? Swelling reducible manually, with initial difficulty
and reduces with gurgling
1.RING OCCLUSION TEST
? After reducing the swelling on standing
position, Deep ring was occluded with left
thumb, swelling appears on medial side of
the occluded finger on coughing
2.RING INVAGINATION TEST
? After reducing the content,in the
recumbent position,fold of scrotum
invaginated into left external ring using
left little finger, and impulse is felt over
the pulp of little finger, direction of finger
being upwards, backwards ,
? Superficial ring patulous and admits 2
fingers
3.ZIEMAN'S TECHNIQUE
? After reducing the swelling ,on standing
position , Left index finger placed over left
deep ring, middle finger over the
superficial ring and ring finger over the
saphenous opening, impulse felt over the
left middle finger on coughing
PERCUSSION
over the swelling, resonant note is heard
AUSCULTATION
Bowel sound heard over the swelling
EXAMINATION OF RIGHT INGUINAL REGION
normal
EXAMINATION OF REGIONAL LYMPH NODES
not enlarged
EXAMINATION OF TESTES ,SCROTUM, PENIS
normal
EXAMINATION OF THE ABDOMEN
? Abdomen is normal in shape, not distended,
umbilicus in midline , flanks free
? No dilated veins/scars/sinuses
? No palpable mass
? On head raising test- No Malgaigne's bulges
? No divarication of recti
? Abdominal muscle tone normal
? Other hernial orifices -free
? PR- to be done
SYSTEMIC EXAMINATION
? RS- Normal vesicular breath sounds heard, no
added sounds
? CVS- S 1 S2 + ,no murmur
? CNS- no focal neurological deficit
? EXAMINATION OF SPINE AND CRANIUM : normal
DIAGNOSIS
LEFT SIDED REDUCIBLE DIRECT INCOMPLETE
INGUINAL HERNIA, WITH BOWEL AS CONTENT
WITHOUT ANY COMPLICATION
European Hernia Society Classification PM2
INVESTIGATIONS
BASE LINE:
? COMPLETE HAEMOGRAM,BT,CT
? URINE ROUTINE
? CHEST X RAY
? ECG , ECHO
? RENAL FUNCTION TEST
? LIVER FUNCTION TEST
SPECIFIC :
? USG ?ABDOMEN AND PELVIS
TREATMENT
LICHTENSTEIN'S TENSION FREE
OPEN HERNIOPLASTY ON LEFT
INGUINAL REGION
This post was last modified on 08 August 2021