Deltoid Muscle
Origin:
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- Anterior and upper surface of lateral 1/3 of clavicle.
- Lateral border of the acromion process.
- Lower lip of the crest of the spine.
Insertion:
- Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus.
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Nerve Supply:
- Axillary nerve.
Action:
- Anterior upper fibers: Flexion and medial rotation of the arm.
- Middle fibers: Powerful abductor of the arm.
- Posterior lower fibers: Extension and lateral rotation of the arm.
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Pectoralis Minor Muscle
Subclavius Muscle
Subclavius Origin:
- 1st rib and its costal cartilage (1st costo-chondral junction).
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Subclavius Insertion:
- Into a groove on the lower surface of the middle 1/3 of the clavicle.
Subclavius Action:
- Steadies the clavicle during movement of scapula (shoulder girdle).
Subclavius Nerve Supply:
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- Nerve to subclavius (from upper trunk of brachial plexus).
Pectoralis Minor Origin:
- From 3, 4 & 5 ribs near the costochondral junction.
Pectoralis Minor Insertion:
- Medial border and upper surface of coronoid process.
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Pectoralis Minor Action:
- Assist serratus anterior in protraction of scapula.
- Help in depression of elevated scapula.
Pectoralis Minor Nerve Supply:
- Medial & lateral pectoral nerves.
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Pectoralis Major Muscle
Origin:
- Clavicular head: Medial half of the front of the clavicle.
- Sternocostal head: Lateral half of the front of the surface of sternum and upper six costal cartilages.
Insertion:
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- The muscle is twisted upon itself to be inserted by a U-shaped bilaminar tendon into the lateral lip of bicipital groove.
- The muscle fibers form the anterior axillary fold.
Nerve Supply:
- Lateral pectoral nerve.
- Medial pectoral nerve.
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Action:
- Adduction of shoulder joint.
- Medial rotation of the arm.
- The clavicular part: Flexion of arm.
Serratus Anterior
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Action:
- Protracts the scapula.
- Upward rotation of scapula.
Origin:
- Covers the side wall of thorax, so it lies medial wall of axilla.
- By 8 digitations from the upper 8 ribs and the fascia covering intervening intercostal muscle.
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Insertion:
- Ventral aspect of the medial border of the scapula:
- The 1st, 2nd & 3rd digitations separately spread to be inserted into the ventral aspect of the medial border of the scapula.
- The lower 5 digitations converge to be inserted into the front of the inferior angle of the scapula.
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Nerve Supply:
- Nerve to serratus (long thoracic) C5, 6, 7 from the roots of brachial plexus.
Subscapularis Muscle
Origin:
- Medial 2/3 of the subscapular fossa.
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Insertion:
- Lesser tuberosity.
Nerve Supply:
- Subscapular nerve.
Action:
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- Medial rotation of the arm.
Brachialis Muscle
Nerve Supply:
- Musculocutaneous nerve.
- Lateral part of brachialis is supplied by radial nerve.
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Origin:
- Lower half of the anterior surface of the humerus.
Insertion:
- Anterior surface of coronoid process of the ulna.
Action:
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- Powerful flexor of the elbow joint.
Trapezius Muscle
Origin:
- External occipital protuberance.
- Superior nuchal line.
- Medial 1/3 of superior nuchal line and the external occipital protuberance.
- Cervical ligamentum nuchae.
- Thoracic from all thoracic spines and their supraspinous ligament.
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Insertion:
- Posterior border of lateral 1/3 of the clavicle.
- Medial border of the acromion.
- Upper lip of the crest of the spine of the scapula.
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Nerve Supply:
- Motor: Spinal accessory nerve.
- Sensory: C3, C4 from the cervical plexus.
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Action:
- Upper fibers: Elevate scapula, upward rotation of scapula.
- Middle fibers: Retract scapula.
- Lower and upper: Rotate the scapula upwards from 90-180 with lower 6 digitations of serratus anterior.
Triceps Brachii
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Lateral Head: Upper part of the back of the shaft of humerus, spiral groove above spiral groove.
Medial Head: Lower part of the back of the shaft of humerus below spiral groove and the back of the medial and lateral intermuscular septum.
Insertion: Posterior part of upper surface of the olecranon process.
Action:
- Powerful extensor for elbow.
- Support of head of humerus (long head) in a ball-socket position.
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Teres Major Muscle
Origin: Lower 1/3 of dorsal aspect of the lateral border of scapula.
Insertion: Medial lip of bicipital groove.
Action:
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- Adduction
- Extension
- Medial rotation
Nerve Supply: Lower subscapular nerve.
Biceps Brachii
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Origin:
- Flat rounded coracoid process.
Insertion:
- Rounded tendon biceps tendon radial tuberosity.
Action:
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- Flexion of elbow joint.
- Powerful supinator of flexed elbow.
Note: Biceps brachii intravascular extra synovial.
Flexor Pollicis Longus Muscle
Origin:
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- Upper 3/4 of anterior surface of radius.
- Lateral part of the interosseous membrane.
Insertion:
- Palmar surface of the base of distal phalanx of the thumb.
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
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Origin:
- Upper 3/4 of anterior medial surface of ulna.
- Medial part of interosseous membrane.
- Medial surface of coronoid process.
- Ulnar aponeurosis attached to posterior border of ulna.
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Insertion:
- Palmar surface of the bases of the distal phalanges of medial 4 fingers.
Common Flexor Origin
- Humeroulnar head medial side of coronoid process
Insertion
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- The muscle divides into 4 tendons, each split into 2 slips to be inserted sides of medial phalanx of medial 4 fingers.
Palmaris Longus
Origin: Common flexor origin.
Insertion: Distal 1/2 of the flexor retinaculum and apex of palmar aponeurosis.
Action: Flexion wrist (weak flexors).
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Abductor Pollicis Longus (APL)
Extensor Pollicis Brevis (EPB)
Extensor Pollicis Longus (EPL)
Extensor Indicis (EI)
Action: Extend wrist joint
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Pronator Teres (PT)
Origin:
- Common flexor origin (front of medial humeral epicondyle)
- Medial side of ulnar head coronoid process.
Course: Median nerve enters the forearm by passing between two heads of PT.
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Insertion: Lower 1/4 of lateral surface of radius.
Flexor Carpi Radialis (FCR)
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris (FCU)
Origin: Common flexor origin.
Origin: Common flexor origin, medial margin of the olecranon process of the ulna and by the ulnar aponeurosis attached to upper 2/3 of posterior border of ulna.
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Course: Ulnar nerve passes behind medial epicondyle and passes between the 2 heads of FCU.
Insertion: Palmar surface of pisiform, hamate by pisohamate ligament, base of 5th metacarpal bone.
Insertion: Palmar surface of the bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpal bones.
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus (ECRL)
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis (ECRB)
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Extensor Carpi Ulnaris (ECU)
Origin: Lower 2/3 of lateral supracondylar ridge.
Origin: Common extensor origin (front of the lateral humeral epicondyle).
Insertion: Back of the base of 2nd metacarpal bone.
Insertion: Back of the base of the 5th metacarpal bone.
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Action: Extension of the wrist joint, abduction and adduction.
Extensor Digitorum Minimi (EDM)
Extensor Digitorum (ED)
Origin: Common extensor origin (front of the lateral humeral epicondyle).
Nerve Supply: Radial nerve.
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Action of EDM: Extend all joints of the little finger.
Action of ED: Extend the MP and IP of the medial 4 fingers.
Note: Intertendinous connection, extensor expansions.
Anconeus
Supinator
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Origins
- Upper part of back of ulna (lateral of vertical ridge)
- Middle of back of ulna
- Lower of back of ulna
Brachioradialis
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Origin: Upper 2/3 of the lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus.
Insertion: Lateral side of the base of the styloid process of the ulna.
Action: Flexion of the elbow in mid-prone position, initiation of pronation or supination of the forearm.
Nerve Supply: Median nerve.
Anconeus Muscle
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Origin: Back of lateral epicondyle of the humerus.
Action: Assist in extension of elbow joint.
Insertion: Lateral side of the olecranon process and the upper of the posterior surface of the ulna.
Supinator Muscle
- Lateral ligament of elbow
- Radial collateral ligament
- Annular ligament around head of radius
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Insertion: Upper part of lateral surface of radius (back, front, lateral).
Nerve Supply: Radial nerve.
Question: Muscles attached to lateral border of radius.
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- Upper part: Supinator
- Middle part: Pronator teres
- Lower part: Brachioradialis
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
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Teres Minor
Supraspinatus: Abduction (0-15°)
Origin: Medial 2/3 of supraspinous fossa.
Insertion: Upper impression of the greater tuberosity.
Nerve Supply: Suprascapular nerve (C5-C6).
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Action: Initiation of abduction of shoulder joint (0-15°).
Infraspinatus: Medial 2/3 of infraspinous fossa.
Insertion: Middle impression of greater tuberosity.
Nerve Supply: Suprascapular nerve.
Action: Lateral rotation of the arm.
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Teres Minor: Upper 2/3 of the dorsal aspect of the lateral border of scapula.
Insertion: Lower impression of greater tuberosity.
Nerve Supply: Axillary nerve.
Action: Lateral rotation of the arm.
Dorsum of the Hand
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Terminal phalanx of medial 1 1/2 fingers supplied by superficial branch of ulnar nerve.
Dorsum of the lateral 3 1/2 fingers of terminal phalanges supplied by median nerve.
Supplied by superficial branch of radial nerve.
Medial 1/3 of the dorsum of the hand and the medial 1 1/2 fingers except the terminal phalanges.
Lateral 2/3 of the dorsum of the hand and the lateral 3 1/2 fingers except the terminal phalanges which supplied by median nerve.
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Palm of the Hand
Superficial branch of ulnar nerve (palmar surface of skin of medial 1 1/2 fingers).
Palmar cutaneous branch of ulnar nerve (palmar surface of the skin of the medial 1/3 of the palm of the hand).
Medial division of median nerve (palmar surface of middle finger, lateral 1/2 of ring and medial half of indicis).
Lateral division of median nerve (skin of the lateral 1 1/2 fingers).
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Palmar cutaneous branch of median nerve (lateral 2/3 of the palm of the hand).
Each Fingers Receive 4 Arteries
Dorsum of Hand
- 3 1/2 Post Carpal Arch
- Dorsal Digital Arteries
- 1/2 Finger (Post Radial AJ)
- Dorsal Digital A of Thumb
- Dorsal Metacarpal A
- 1st Dorsal Interosseus Muscle
- Radial A
- Post Carpal Arch
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Palm of Hand
- Palmar Digital of Little Finger
- Common Palmar Digitals
- Superficial Palmar Arch
- Superficial Branch of Ulnar A
- Deep Branch of Ulnar
- Ulnar A
- Superficial Palmar Branch of Radial
- Radial A
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This download link is referred from the post: MBBS Lecture Notes for all subjects (updated for 2021 syllabus) - All universities
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