Pre-optre Nuchus
HYPOINALANVI
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Armale numus
WARM
Gonadotropes
FSH
SPERMATOGENESIS
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Brain Testicular Axis
&
dyaa ayed.
P
& B
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Turad
LEYDIG/
INTERSTITIAL
CELLS
8 ?
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Tiesto stirone
SERTOLIUM
Sustentaculor
?
Nurse us.
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Enzyme
Testosterone
Adhuwring junu
ABP
SPERMATOGENESIS
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ABP
ET
Miton
ARN
INHIBIN
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Basal lamming
20 SPERMATOGONDA
TIGHT JUNCTION
ISPERMATOCYTE
MEIOSIS-I
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(n)
2° SPERMATOCYTE
MEIOSIS-IL
SPERMATIAS
ff & PIEPERMIOGENE
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SPERMATO204
TESTOSTERONE
Other ?
INHIBIN
SERTOLI
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CELLS
[Spermania)
Acrosome
Einse sperm lever
'when sperm level of
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Head
Mid
piece
Tall
spm
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
flaque
see
uler Axis
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esal lamming
V
CYTE
STAGES OF SPERMATOGENESIS -
Proliferation.
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22 pairs- Autosoma.
? spermatogonium (23 pairs)
MITOSIS
Pun 10 spermatocytes (23 pairs)
23
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Paternal
1 pair-sex chromosome we paimass
? Growth.
? STAGE OF MATURATION
2 phases.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
In phase
MEIOSISI
2nd phase
23
?
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•"shermarocyte groves
into a large we
MEIOSISIY
MAT MATURATION DEVISION
spermatocyter
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
(23)
22
221.
chroncowme.
MEIOSISI (X/?)
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MEIOSISII
2
USPERMATIAS (n)
? LTAGE OF TRANSFORMATION
• SPERMEOGENESIS: prouss by which spermaticas
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are ransformed into spermatozuG.
- Formation of Acronome
@mitochondrial spiral filament, 2
i tall structures.
removal of extra volume of non essential
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
cytoplasm.
condensation of nuchar metarias.
Serial SPERMIATION: process of release of matere sperm
?.
from servei wes into the lumen of
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seminiferous tulenter.
SERTOLI CELLS 102012
? supporting cells tor spermatogenic cells in
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
seminiferous tuuler. These cells are called
SUSTENTACULAR CELLS / NURSE CELLS.
• Large & irregular calumnes cells.
extend rom basement membrane to lumen of
Reminiferous tubule.
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FUNCTIONS:
? support & nourish spermanegenic calls tile
spermatozoa are released from them CSPERMIATION).
? secrete INHIBIN FSH release son ant pituitory.
II secrets, ABP (Androgen leinding pr.) - samtial for
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LER ERP (Estrogen ") essential Testosterone activity
?. secrete mullerian regressing factor (MRF) in
fetas HSHIS HRF- regress mullerian duct
during sex derumination in fetus.
release sperms into the lumen of semenitorem
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tulul (SPERMIATION).
la
70 MON).
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ory.
ty
.
BLOOD-TECTES BARRIER
mechanical barriu that peruates the wood
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from ceminit erous & wewes of the tester.
un
It is formed by tight puncions vervin adjacent
perrou wis ( wules
near learas memerane as seminiferous
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
FUNCTIONS:
? Protection of seminiferous tuules: prevents the
entry of toxic substances from wood & fund of
surrounding tissue into the lumen of seminiferous
tubules It permits suistances essential for spermatogenn
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The fluid in women of semiferous tuleles is quite
different from that of plasme.
?It contains very little protein & Glucose,
? rich in Androgus, Estrogen, kt, inositol, Glutamic
Acid & Aspartic Acid It is maintained by. B-1 Bentu
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um wes from lecaod-come noxious
? et protects gpirm agents.
? at prevents auroimmune disorders: It prevents the
moreurent of antigenic products of spumaragenesis,
from testis into lusod.
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@at helps to estauerca an osmatic gradient, that
42
2
facilitate the movement of fluid into tuluuler lumen.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
DE?2019
Wed
•FACTORE AFFECTING SPERMATOGENESIS
@serisu l
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• HORMONAL CONTROL OF SPERMATOGENEI?
HYPOTHALAMU CoreOptic &
e
Acwats nucleus)
GARH
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(Ant pituitary)
FSH
LH
-responsible tes
initiation of sperma
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
-togenesis. Leydig cells
Sertoli wes
EBP
• regulates
spermatogenesis
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
•mnibik the release
of FSH fra Ap
& release of GURH
from H
? FSH sernali.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
?.
?
inhil
rate of spermatogenesi?.
4
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? ? ?
Je
Ant. pituitary
10.
FSK recretion
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Estrogen
trats of spermatogenesi
GH
Cissential for
general metalbo
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processes in
tesns.
Testosterone
maintaim
spermatogenesis
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
12
Alivin
formed prom
Yestosterone in
opposite action of
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Inhilein
necessary for
Tses fsn secretion.
spermiogenesis sperm arogenisa
accelerates
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TOGENELIS
19
JY
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190
?
for
taboki
wabu
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METABOLISM OC TESTOSTERONIE.
Testis.
estosterone
Testosterone)
•CHT toma
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
AIH. amplily the avion
of Testosterone in
target ossues.
most active androgen
Jestesterone!
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
52. Reductase
AHT
Dihydrotestosterone
Clunar to rame intro
mrareceptor es
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
~ 10% of Yurosterone,
levu.
OHT-
receptor wamplex
Mesrocherone
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
recuptor
complex - less it alle than it
receptor wmplea.
in target Ulls.
> I responsible for
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
K
enlargement of prostrata is maturation of
and probably of perres
at the time of pulberry
Waltion duct strucheres &
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fis ise in muscle mass Moll genitalia during
formu of of unteurel
f
iis developement of of
07/
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M
sex drive & dileido
developement.
ii) form of external genitalian
iiis sexual matuwanion at puberty.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
wea
• CHANGES IN PUBERTY IN O
• OF SECONDARY SEX CHARACTERISTICS
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EXTERNAL GENITALIA: Penis Tses - I & width.
•scrotum- pigmented & rugase.
INTERNAL GENITALIA
seminal rescicles encarget leequin to form fructone
Prostrate & Buchouretaral gland - enlarge & secula.
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? VOICE:- Larynx encarges.
• Yocal cords tee in 14 thickness,
• vere becomes deeper.
HAIR GROWTH: Beard appears
• Hairline on scalp recedes anterolaterally.
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public hair grower with o pattend s with apeaup)
• Hair appears on axilla, chest, around anun.
• General body hair ter
? MENTAL: more agressive, active attitude.
• interest in app sex developson Bro
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? BODY CONFIRMATION: shoulder Groadens, vi
10
muscles enlarge. ?e? (?
SKIN: sanacious grand secrenon thickers & thes
(predisposing to acnel.
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0
Erection & Ejaculation.
cereleras cortea
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Stimuletus
sympathiti
?
parasympa
Ejaculation.
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Gangli
SYMPATHITIL 12-12
SEMINAL
YESCIELE
NE
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mferior misinbric
ganglion
vas deferens.
epididymis
NE
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Tuhi
A
$2-14
PARASYMPAT
• somatiON.
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or
Pudende 1
Nerve.
COMMON
EJACULATORY
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AUCT
prevents
retu
of semen
into ladder
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
by contraer
of intermas
anal sphincter.
(NE
Bulles spongiasus
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Puric Nerve
SEMEN- Sperm seminas fluid.
Erection - Parasympathete
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MOPPAJU VO
A CORPORA CAVERNOSUM
?
adacnu stimulu
smuu
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? thought
parasyny
athet
athetic
neuron.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
AW
Arginine
urulline
77
ON
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GC
• Guanyectars! VASODILATION,
•K CGMP GTP
The sphodiesterare Ge
VIAGRA-
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11.00ma
////////
?
11.?
smoott
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NI
QUARIAN C?
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Arcuate
?
MENSTRUAL CYCLE
OVULATION
PRO
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pre-optic
nuclu
?
GHAY
SSH
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LH
polline trogent
? Estrogent mia
fouicun
phase
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Ingilein
B
FM LH
Lare 2 follice.
Early 20 foll10 ?
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falls wer
fui & FSH
loogonium (en))
PREPUBERTY
Primordial
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falliche
(27)
Follicular cocyte
phase
primoraias folice.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Localind
ANDROGENS Quicle
LH
FSH
1100046
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100yte
Estrogen
LH
Je
PSH
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Graffian
towch.
chalistua
• ?
Le
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•LH surge!
* eurogenproduct Androgen Estrogen
• Follicular
6 wid
Theca celu Granulosa.
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?.
1 pouyse
?
Estrogen
OVULATORY PHASE
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004 14/15
Days
LUTEAL PHASE 15-28
Graffian
touch
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L4
corpus
wteum
LH Progesterone.
+
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CORPU
ALBI
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Process of ovulation:-
movement of Graafian follicle to the
periphery of ovary
progesterone
Formation of new blood vessels in ovary
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Formation of blood vessels into follicular tette.
Prostaglandin
rom
Granuessa uus &
Tud wood flow to follicle.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
?
Leakage of plasma into follicle
wal.
formation of stigma in ovarian cepruve
follicle swell
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Progesterone
e
protiolytic
Enzymu
+nt in
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Theca interna
Weakening
Rupture of
? ?
L
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T
Degeneration of
sigme
Oozing of follicular fund.
Release of orum.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
DETERMINATION OF OVULATION TIME
?
1.
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? Determination of BANER Baras Body ?. -
•Body Yemp. measured for few days during wild
period of m.c.
• Temp.-measured in morning coral (rictal).
+
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slight lau n haral remp. just before ovulanan
(±03C-0.5°C) The ise in temp. is duet to
thermogenic effect of progesterone.
Urine.
• Exuerion of Hormonal Excuction of
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
At the time of ovulation, there is an ose in
urinary excusion of metanolic end products of
Estrogen & progesterone
?
Estrone,
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Estria,
?
Pregnanediol
17-B-estradiol Androstenediol
?
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
stuone.
choustuol y estost uone.
Aramarase
17-R-Estradio.
Estriol.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
?
Aromatase
Esrone WITA
?
Determination of hormonal level in plasma: -
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
At the time of ovulation:
LHT, FSHH, Estrogent.
After ormarion:- Progesteronet
(1) Cervical mucous pattern:-
4 spread on a side.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
FirstRanker.com natrun.
aliyor
MENSTRUAL CYCLE:- Cyclic evens that tak
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Lureal
en
mau in a rhythmic fashion during reproducin
period of woman's life..
Aug.las ylle-28 days.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
UTERINE CYCLE/-
ENDOMETRIUM!
S.Functionalli
S-Masalis-
straight spiral
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Arteries cailed
Artwu
MENSTRUATION.
"Shedding"
s. Juncionalis
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
·Days 1-5
shad
Glywgen
Lepido e
Proteins
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
12
secretory
SPG
Prostaglan
mo
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
sug
thi
Glo
601
.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
bbot
PROLIFERATIVE PHASE
.
4
e
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
1. noromow!
ESTROGEN
Regenerate s. Funcionalis
JA
Regenerats spiral & could Artures
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
•Days-6-14 DUO NHA
making uterine glands.
Thin cervical mucus production.
Preovulatory / Follicular phase.
4
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
4
?
Pathol
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Luteal phase / Luctory phase:
that take
ay reproducin
endometrium thinne
PG
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
End of FERTILISATION
L
corpus utuum negrinn
coiling of spiral Arrowut
4
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
(pasm & degeneration of wow of spiras Artwa
Vasosparm
@
Mostaglandin
Ln
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
FSH
P
?
1024
M
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
?
mon:
OGEN
?
tures
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
my.endometrium wcomer
mou nighly vascularicat
slightly edemanels under
the witinence of I Estrogen
4
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
.
Progesterone
Glanar leewme wiled &
fortuous & iecite clean
fuula.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
LUTEAL PHASE
SECRETORY PHASE PROGESTERONE
proliferates. functionalis & G
makes it thicku.
sevenanos utcrine gland.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Thick cervical plug.
Days 15-28
401
Lucion
?21
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
28
hase.
Pathological
Patharagicel
.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Of
+ progesterendum
PHE
je
asm
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
A. - Wiak.
+
capillaries
rupture
S. funcionalis.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
7 numtion for
L
is chemici
neioni.
slough oft
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
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