Download MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery) 1st Year (First Year) Anatomy Anatomyical Terminology Handwritten Notes
GENERAL HUMAN ANATOMY
Dr. Dalya Ibrahim Ahmed
Department of Anatomy
THE DEFINITION OF ANATOMY
vAnatomy
? Greek=to cut up, or dissect
? The science that deals with the structure of the
body
vKinds:
? Gross Anatomy
? Microscopic Anatomy
? Developmental Anatomy
? Comparative Anatomy
STRUCTURAL LEVELS OF
ORGANIZATION
vChemical
vCellular
vTissue
vOrgan
vSystem
vOrganism
Anatomical
Terminology
v Anatomic position is a specific
body position in which an
individual stands upright with
the feet parallel and flat on the
floor.
v The head is level, and the eyes
look forward toward the
observer.
v The arms are at either side of
the body with the palms facing
forward and the thumbs
pointing away from the body.
Anatomical Terminology
vA plane is an imaginary surface that slices
the body into specific sections.
vThe three major anatomic planes of
reference are the coronal, transverse, and
sagittal planes.
Sections
and Planes
A coronal plane, also
called a frontal plane, is
a vertical plane that
divides the body into
anterior (front) and
posterior (back) parts.
Sections
and Planes
v A transverse plane, also
called a cross-sectional
plane or horizontal plane,
cuts perpendicularly along
the long axis of the body or
organ separating it into
both superior (upper) and
inferior (lower) parts.
Sections
and Planes
vA sagittal plane or
median plane,
extends through the
body or organ
vertically and divides
the structure into
right and left halves.
Sections and Planes
vA sagittal plane in the body midline is a
midsagittal plane.
vA plane that is parallel to the midsagittal plane, but
either to the left or the right of it, is termed a
parasagittal (or sagittal) plane.
vA minor plane, called the oblique plane, passes
through the specimen at an angle.
Body Cavities: Dorsal
vCranial Cavity
? Houses the
Brain
vVertebral Canal
? Houses the
Spinal Cord
Body Cavities: Ventral
(Lateral View)
vThoracic Cavity
vAbdominopelvic
Cavity (contains
the "viscera")
? Abdominal Cavity
? Pelvic Cavity
Other Cavities
vOral cavity
vNasal cavity
vOrbital cavities
vMiddle ear cavities
Directional Terms of the Body
vDirectional terms are precise and brief, and
for most of them there is a correlative term
that means just the opposite.
Relative and Directional Terms of
the Body
v Relative to front (belly
side) or back (back side)
of the body :
? Anterior = In front of;
toward the front surface
? Posterior = In back of;
toward the back surface
? Dorsal =At the back side of
the human body
? Ventral = At the belly side
of the human body
Relative and Directional Terms of
the Body
vRelative to the head or
tail of the body:
? Superior = Toward the
head or above
? Inferior = Toward feet not
head
? Caudal = At the tail end
? Cranial = At the head end
Relative and Directional Terms of
the Body
v Relative to the midline or
center of the body:
? Medial = Toward the
midline of the body
? Lateral = Away from the
midline of the body
? Deep = On the inside,
underneath another
structure
? Superficial = On the
outside
Relative and Directional Terms of
the Body
vRelative to point of
attachment of the
appendage:
? Proximal = Closest to
point of attachment to
trunk
? Distal = Furthest from
point of attachment to
trunk
Body Regions
vThe human body is partitioned into two
main regions, called the axial and
appendicular regions.
? the axial region includes the head, neck, and
trunk which comprise the main vertical axis of
our body
? our limbs, or appendages, attach to the body's
axis and make up the appendicular region
This post was last modified on 11 August 2021