ofpancreas:
a)Uncinateprocessfromventralbud
b)Lowerpartofheadfromdorsalbud
c)DuctofWirsungdevelopsfromdorsalbudonly
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
d)Pancreaticdivisumisduetoabnormaldevelopmentofductsofpancreas
e)Bodyisformedfromdorsalbud
CorrectAnswer-A:D:E
Ans.a.Uncinateprocessfromventralbud;d.Pancreatic
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
divisumisduetoabnormaldevelopmentofductsofpancreas;e.Bodyisformedfromdorsalbud
Thepancreasdevelopsfromtwoendodermalbuds,dorsal&ventral,
whicharisefromthepartofthegutthatlaterformsthesecondpart
oftheduodenum
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Theventralbudformsthelowerpartofthehead&theuncinateProcessofthepancreas,whiletheupperpartofhead,thebody&
thetailareformedfromthedorsalbud.
Themainpancreaticduct(ductofWirsung)isformed,initsdistal
partbytheductofthedorsalbudandinifsproximalpart,bytheduct
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
oftheventralbud2.Whichofthefollowingcombinationis/are
trueregardingepithelialliningofurinary
system:
a)Urinarybladder-transitionalepithelium
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
b)Pre-prostaticurethra-stratifiedcolumnarc)Membranousurethra-transitionalepithelium
d)Distalpartofpenileurethra-non-keratinisingstratified
squamousepithelium
e)Urethralmeatus-keratinisingstratifiedsquamousepithelium
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CorrectAnswer-A:D:EAns.a.Urinarybladder-transitionalepithelium;d.Distalpartof
penileurethra-non-keratinisingstratifiedsquamousepithelium
e.Urethralmeatus-keratinisingstratifiedsquamousepithelium
Urinarybladderislinedbyuroepithelium(transitionalepithelium)
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Theliningofurethravariesfromurotheliumofthebladdertokeratinizedstratifiedsquamousepitheliumoftheglans.
Pre-prostaticurethra:Transitionalepithelium
Prostaticurethra:Transitionalepithelium
Membranousurethra:Pseudostratifiedcolumnarepithelium
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Spongyurethra(orpenileurethra):Pseudostratifiedcolumnar-proximally,Stratifiedsquamous-distally
3.Whichofthefollowingstatementis/aretrue
regardinglesionofIXCN:
a)Gagreflex-absent
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
b)Deviationoftonguetoonesidec)Lossoftastesensationintheposteriorl/3ofthetongue
d)Lossoftastesensationintheanterior2/3ofthetongue
e)Maycausebulbarpalsy
CorrectAnswer-A:C:E
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Ans.a.Gagreflex-absent;c.Lossoftastesensationintheposteriorl/3ofthetongue;e.Maycausebulbarpalsy
GlossopharyngealNervePalsy:
Lossofsensationoverthemucousmembraneofpharynx.
Lossoftastesensationintheposteriorl/3ofthetongue
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Gagreflex-LostinlesionofIX&XCN4.Feature(s)ofoculomotornervepalsy
is/are:
a)Ptosis
b)Miosis
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
c)Mydriasisd)Diplopia
e)Lossofaccommodation
CorrectAnswer-A:B:D:E
Ans.a.Ptosis;b.Miosis;d.Diplopia;e.Lossof
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
accommodationOculomotorNervePalsy:
Complete&totalparalysis-ptosis,lateralsquint,dilationofpupil,
lossofaccommodation,slightproptosis&diplopia.
Pupillarylightreflexinaffectedeyeisabsent.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Pupildilates&becomesfixedtolight.Webersyndrome:amidbrainlesioncausingcontralateralhemiplegia
&ipsilateralparalysisofthethirdnerve
5.Cervixis/aredrainedby:
a)Externaliliaclymphnode
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
b)Internaliliaclymphnodec)Aorticlymphnode
d)Inguinallymphnode
e)Sacrallymphnode
CorrectAnswer-A:B:E
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Ans.a.Externaliliaclymphnode;b.Internaliliaclymphnode;e.Sacrallymphnode
Cervix:Oneachside,thelymphaticsdraininto
Externaliliac,obturatorlymphnodeseitherdirectlyorthrough
paracervicallymphnodes,
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
InternaliliacgroupsSacralgroup
6.Whichofthefollowingmayoccurin
commonperonealnerveinjury:
a)Dorsiflexionnotpossible
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
b)Footdropc)Highsteppinggait
d)Lossofinversionoffoot
e)Eversionoffootaffected
CorrectAnswer-A:B:C:E
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Ans.a.Dorsiflexionnotpossibleb.Footdropc.Highsteppinggaite.Eversionoffootaffected
Commonperonealnerveinjury(usuallyd/tfractureof
head/neckfibula)resultsin:
Foot&toedrop
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
LossofdorsiflexionofankleExtensionoffinger
Eversionoffoot
Lossofsensationin1stwebspace,anterolaterallowerleg&dorsum
offootandtoes.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Incommonperonealnerveinjurysensationofsole,lateralborder&medialborder&inversion&plantarflexionremainnormal.
7.O'Donoghue'striadcomprisesof:
a)Anteriorcruciateligamenttear
b)Posteriorcruciateligamenttear
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
c)Medialmeniscusd)Lateralmeniscus
e)Medialcollateralligament
CorrectAnswer-A:C:E
Ans.a.Anteriorcruciateligamenttear;c.Medialmeniscus;e.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
MedialcollateralligamentAnunhappytriad(orterribletriad,"horribletriangleO'Donoghue's
triadora"blownknee-')isaninjurytotheanteriorcruciateligament,
medialcollateralligament,andthemedialmeniscus
8.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Whichofthefollowingvein(s)is/arepartof
portalcirculation:
a)Splenicvein
b)Paraumbilicalvein
c)Superiorrectalvein
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
d)Leftgastricveine)Inferiorrectalvein
CorrectAnswer-A:B:C:D
Ans.a.Splenicveinb.Paraumbilicalveinc.Superiorrectalvein
d.Leftgastricvein
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Portalveincollectsbloodfromtheforegut,midgut,andhindgut.Theportalveinislocateddeeptothehepaticarteryandcysticduct
andisformedbytheunionofthesuperiormesentericveinand
splenicvein,deeptotheneckofthepancreas.
Bloodfromportalveintransportedtothehepaticsinusoidsofthe
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
liverforfiltrationanddetoxification.Thehepaticsinusoidsemptyintothecommoncentralvein,which
emptiesintothehepaticveinsandultimatelydrainsintotheinferior
venacava.
9.Thrombosisofanteriorcerebralartery
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
cause:a)Leftfootparalysisinrightanteriorcerebralarterythrombosis
b)Urinaryincontinence
c)Paralysisofthecontralateralface,arm,andleg
d)Homonymoushemianopia
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
e)GegenhaltenrigidityCorrectAnswer-A:B:E
Ans.a.Leftfootparalysisinrightanteriorcerebralartery
thrombosis;b.Urinaryincontinence;e.Gegenhaltenrigidity
Signsandsymptomsofanteriorcerebralarterythrombosis:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Paralysisofoppositefootandleg:MotorlegareaAlesserdegreeofparesisofoppositearmareaofcortexorfibers
descendingtocoronaradiate
Corticalsensorylossovertoes,footandleg:Sensoryareaforfoot
andleg
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Urinaryincontinence:SensorimotorareainParacentrallobuleContralateralgraspreflex,suckingreflexgegenhalten(paratonic
rigidity)
Abulia(akineticmutism),slowness,delayintermittentinterruption,
lackofspontaneity,whisperingreflexdistractiontosightsand
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
soundsImpairmentofgaitandstance(gaitapraxia)
Dyspraxiaofleftlimbs,tactileaphasiainleftlimbs
10.Fibrocartilageis/arefoundin:
a)Temporomandibularjoint
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
b)Sternoclavicularjointc)Hipjoint
d)Vertebraldisc
e)Inferiorradioulnarjoint
CorrectAnswer-A:B:D:E
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Ans.a.Temporomandibularjoint;b.Sternoclavicularjoint;d.Vertebraldisc;e.Inferiorradioulnarjoint
Fibrocartilageisawhiteopaquestructureduetodensecollage
fibres(typeIandII).
Whenafibroustissueissubjectedtopressureitisreplacedby
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
fibrocartilage.Itisseeninjoints,symphysis,intervertebraldiscs,menisciandlabra
(shoulderjointandhipjoint).
Pinnaisatypeofelasticcartilage.
Elasticcartilagesareseenatsitesconcernedwithproductionor
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
receptionofsoundse.g.externalacousticmeatus(lateralpart),auditorytubeandepiglottis.
11.Parasympatheticnervestimulationresults
in:
a)Sphincterclosureofgallbladder
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
b)Increasedperistalsisc)DecreasedGITmotility
d)Detrusormusclerelaxation
e)Gallbladdermusculaturecontraction
CorrectAnswer-B:E
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Ans.(B)Increasedperistalsis(E)Gallbladdermusculaturecontraction
[RefGanong25th/257-60,24th/265;Katzung13th110-111]
Parasympatheticnervesaremotortomusculatureofthegallbladder
&bileduct,butinhibitorytothesphincter.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
SympatheticnervesfromT7-9arevasomotor&motortosphincters.Thecranialoutflowoftheparasympatheticdivisionsuppliesthe
visceralstructuresintheheadviaoculomotor,facial,and
glossopharyngealnerves,andthoseinthethoraxandupper
abdomenviathevagusnerves.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Pupil-Constricted(Miosis)Ciliarymuscle-Constricted(nearvision)
Glands(Nasal,Lacrimal,Parotid,SubmandibulalGastricPancreatic)
-Stimulationofcopioussecretion(containingmanyenzymesfor
enzyme-secretingglands)
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Sweatglands-SweatingonpalmsofhandsBronchialmuscle-Contraction
Gallbladderandbileducts-Contracted
LUmen-Increasedperistalsisandtone
Detrusor-Contracted
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Trigone-Relaxed12.Trueaboutmusclespindle:
a)GroupIafibercontainsensoryafferent
b)Nuclearbag&nuclearchainfiberspresentinintrafusalmuscle
fiber
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
c)MotorsupplybyAafiberd)Motorsupplybyyfiber
e)Secondaryendingisstimulatedbynuclearbagfiber
CorrectAnswer-A:B:D
Ans.(A)GroupIafibercontainsensoryafferent(B)Nuclear
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
bag&nuclearchainfiberspresentinintrafusalmusclefiber(D)Motorsupplybyyfiber
[Ref.A.K.Jain6th/873-76;Guyton12th/770-73]
MUSCLESPINDLES
Are"Stretchreceptor"locatedwithinamuscle.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Yetfound,interminglingwithmusclefibers.'Intrafusalfibers'-Specializedmusclefibersseenwithin
spindle
(Note:-Fususreferstospindle).
Nuclearbagfibers:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Usually,2perspindle.Nuclearbagfiber1-
WithlowlevelofmyosinATPaseactivity.
Nuclearbagfiber2-
WithhighlevelofmyosinATPaseactivity.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
NuclearchainfibersArethinner&shorter.
Fourormorefibersperspindle(morethannuclearbagfibers)
Sensory/afferentinnervation:
Twoafferentfibertypesoriginateintrafusally,
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Annulospiral/primaryendings:Foundwoundaroundcentralregionofbothnuclearbag&nuclear
chainfiber.
Are"A"/"Ia"fibers.
Flower-spray/secondaryendings:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Innervateperipheralparts/endsofnuclearchainfiber.Are"A"/"II"fibers.
2.Motor/efferentinnervation:
Innervatesperipheralpartsofbothnuclearbag&nuclearchain
fibers.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Mainlyby"A"type/"-motorneurons"/"Fusimotorneuron"/"SmallmotornervesystemofLeksellefferents".
Becauseoftheircharacteristicsmallersize.
13.Hyperbaricoxygentherapyis/areusedin:
a)Radiationinducedproctitis
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
b)Tensionpneumothoraxc)Bleomycininducedlungdamage
d)Gasaangrene
e)Carbonmono-oxidepoisoning
CorrectAnswer-A:D:E
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Ans.(A)Radiationinducedproctitis(D)Gasaangrene(E)Carbonmono-oxidepoisoning
[RefManipalsurgeryp.176;A.K.Jainp.461]
HyperbaricOxygenTherapy-Indication:
Anaemichypoxiaespeciallyduetocarbonmono-oxidepoisoningor
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
severebloodloss)Stagnanthypoxia
Histotoxichypoxia(Radiationinducedtissueinjury&gasgangrene)
COpoisoning.
Infection(gasgangrene).
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CancertherapytopotentiatercdiathcrapyArterialinsufficiency
Decompressionsickness&airembolism
Contraindication-
Untreatedpneumothorax
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Duringtreatmentwithdrugslike-Bleomycin(bleomycin-inducedlung
injury),Doxorubicin(Adriamycin),cisplatin,Disulfiram.
14.Peripheralcyanosisis/areassociated
with:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
a)SLEb)TAPVC
c)Atrialseptaldefect
d)Methemoglobinemia
e)Cardiogenicshock
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CorrectAnswer-EAns.E.Cardiogenicshock
[Ref:PJM20th/16-19;Ganong25th/642.]
Peripheralcyanosis:
Causedbyslowingofbloodflowandincreasedextractionofoxygen
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
fromnormallysaturatedblood.Resultsfromvasoconstrictionordecreasedperipheralbloodflow,
reducedcardiacoutputorvascularocclusion.
Characterizedbycyanosisofskinaloneandsparingofmucous
membranes
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Causes:Vasculorocclusion
Arterialobstruction
Venousobstruction
Reducedcardiacoutput
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
ColdexposureRedistributionofbloodflowfromtheextremities
15.Bloodinfoetusis/areformedby:
a)Liver
b)Lymphnodes
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
c)Spleend)Bonemarrow
e)Yolksac
CorrectAnswer-A:B:C:D:E
Ans.(A)Liver(B)Lymphnodes(C)Spleen(D)Bonemarrow
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
(E)YolksacBloodformationoccurlater(5wk)throughoutembryonic
mesenchyme,thenliver,spleen/thymus,bonemarrowlymphnode
(ref:embryoIogy.mrd.unsw.au).
FormationofbloodincludeformationofRBC,WBC&platelet.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Bloodproductionstartsfrom3rdweekofintrauterinelife.3rdweekto3rdmonth(intravascularphase)-Erythropoiesisoccurs
inthemesodermofyolksac
B/w3rdto5thmonthofintrauterinelife,erythropoiesisoccur
principallyintheliver(tosomeextentinthespleen).
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
5thmonthonwards(myeloidphase)=Erythropoiesisoccursinredbonemarrow(allmarrowisredbonemarrowatthisstage)
16.Importantbuffersystemoperatingin
blood:
a)Proteinsystembuffer
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
b)Phosphatebufferc)Carbonicacid-Bicarbonatesystembuffer
d)Hemoglobinsystembuffer
e)None
CorrectAnswer-A:C:D
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Ans.(A)Proteinsystembuffer(C)Carbonicacid-Bicarbonatesystembuffer(D)Hemoglobinsystembuffer
[RefA.K.Jain6th/559-60,55;Ganong25th/643-44]
Acidandbaseshiftsinthebloodarelargelycontrolledbythreemain
buffersinblood:(1)proteins,(2)hemoglobin(3)thecarbonicacid-
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
bicarbonatesystemMorethan90%ofblood'scapacitytobuffercarbonicacidis
attributedtothehaemoglobinbuffersystem.
Carbonicacid-bicarbonatesystemisoneofthemosteffectivebuffer
systemsinthebody.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Inplasma,phosphateconcentrationistoolowforthissystemtobeaquantitativelyimportantbuffetbutitisimportantintracellularly.
17.Trueaboutcollagen:
a)Doublehelixstructure
b)Singlehelixstructure
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
c)Triplehelixstructured)-pleatedstructure
e)Componentofconnectivetissueofbody
CorrectAnswer-C:E
Ans:c.Triplehelix...,e.Component....[RefHarper30th/46-
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
47,627-32;Lippincott6th/43-48;Vasudevan5th/254-55]Incollagen,thecollagenhelix,ortype-2helix,isamajorshapein
secondarystructure
Allcollagenhaveatriplehelicalstructure.
Astrikingcharacteristicofcollagenisoccurrenceofglycineresidue
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
ateverythirdpositionoftriplehelicalportionofachain.Thisrepeatingstructure,representedas(Gly-x-y)n,isanabsolute
requirementfortheformationofthetriplehelix.
300nmlongand1.5nmindiameter,itismadeupofthree
polypeptidestrands(calledalphachains),eachpossessingthe
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
conformationofaleft-handedhelix(itsnameisnottobeconfusedwiththecommonlyoccurringalphahelix,aright-handedstructure).
Thesethreeleft-handedhelicesaretwistedtogetherintoaright-
handedcoiledcoil,atriplehelixor"superhelix"
Collagen,themajorcomponentofmostconnectivetissues,
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
constitutesapproximately25%oftheproteinofmammals.Itprovidesanextracellularframeworkforallmetazoananimalsand
existsinvirtuallyeveryanimaltissue.Atleast28distincttypesof
collagenmadeupofover30distinctpolypeptidechains(each
encodedbyaseparategene)havebeenidentifiedinhumantissues.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
18.Atisoelectricpoint(p1)netchargeof
aminoacisis:
a)-1
b)+1
c)-2
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
d)+1e)0
CorrectAnswer-E
Ans:e.0...[RefHarper30th/201]
Isoelectricpoint(pI)isapHinwhichnetchargeofaminoacidis
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
zero"(Harper30th/20)"Isoelectricpoint(pI)isapHinwhichnetchargeofaminoacidis
zero.Incaseofproteinsisoelectricpointmostlydependsonseven
chargedaminoacids:glutamate(6-carboxylgroup),aspartate(13-
carboxylgroup),cysteine(thiolgroup),tyrosine(phenolgroup),
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
histidine(imidazolesidechains),lysine(c-ammoniumgroup)andarginine(guanidiniumgroup).
19.HexosaminidaseAdeficiencycauses:
a)Niemann-pick
b)Tay-Sachsdisease
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
c)Hurlersyndromed)Gaucher'sdisease
e)Krabbe'sdisease
CorrectAnswer-B
Ans:b.Tay-Sachsdisease[RefsHarper30th/251;Lippincott
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
6th/212;Harrison19th/432e,433eHexosaminidaseAdeficiencyisanenzymedeficiencythatcauses
brainandothernervecellstodie,whichcanleadtosevere
neurologicalandmentalproblems.
HexosaminidaseA(HEXA)deficiencyiscausedbyadeficiencyin
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
anenzymecalledbeta-hexosaminidaseA.ThisenzymehelpsbreakdownaparticularfattyacidcalledGM2ganglioside.
Withoutadequateamountsoffunctionalenzymes,GM2ganglioside
willbuildupinnervecellsandcausethemtodie.
ThereareseveralformsofHEXAdeficiency,includingacute
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
infantile(Tay-Sachsdisease),juvenile,chronic,oradult-onsetforms.20.Mitchondrialmatrixcontainsenzymesof:
a)Pyruvatedehydrogenase
b)TCAcycleenzyme
c)AcylCoAsynthetase
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
d)ATPsynthasee)-oxidationenzymes
CorrectAnswer-A:B:D
Ans:a.Pyruvatedehydrogenase,b.TCAcycleenzyme,d.ATP
synthase
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
MatrixoftheMitochondrionisgel-likesolutionintheinteriorofmitochondriais50%protein.Thesemoleculesincludetheenzymes
responsiblefortheoxidationofpyruvate,aminoacids,fattyacids(by
n-oxidation),andthoseofthetricarboxylicacid(TCA)cycle.
Thesynthesisofglucose,urea,andhemeoccurpartiallyinthe
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
matrixofmitochondria.Inaddition,thematrixcontainsNAD+andFAD(theoxidizedformsofthetwocoenzymesthatarerequiredas
hydrogenacceptors)andADPandPi,whichareusedtoproduce
ATP.
21.Whichofthefollowinggroup(s)are
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
presentinnaturalaminoacids:a)Imidazolegroup
b)Tetrapyrrolegroup
c)Indolegroup
d)Guanidiniumgroup
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
e)KetogroupCorrectAnswer-A:B:C:D
Ans:a.Imidazole...,b.Tetrapyrrole...,c.Indole...,d.
Guanidinium(RefHarper30th/20-23;Lippincott6th/I-11;
Vasudevan5th/19]
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Imidazolegroup:Histidine,Betacarboxylgroup:Asparticacid(Vasudevan5th/19)Gammacarboxylgroup:Glutamicacid
(Vasudevan5th/19)?-aminogroup:Lysine(Vasudevan5th/19).
SpecialgroupsinAminoacidsVasudevan5th/17:Benzenegroup-
PhenylalanineIndolegroupin-TryptophanPyrrolidinegroup-
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
ProlineGuanidiniumgroup-ArgininePhenolgroup-Tyrosine22.Whichofthefollowingvitamindeficiency
causetriadofmentalconfusion,
ophthalmoplegia&ataxia:
a)VitB2
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
b)VitB1c)VitB6
d)VitC
e)Vit.B12
CorrectAnswer-B
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Ans:b.VitBl[RefLippincott6th/378-79;Harrison19th/96e,18th/594-96;Harper30th/555-56,28th/468]
Classically,Wernicke'sencephalopathyischaracterizedbythetriad
ofophthalmoplegia,ataxia,andmentalconfusion,butconfusion&a
staggeringgaitareperhapsmostcommon"-SynopsisofPsychaitry
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
by(Kaplan11th/796-799)Thiaminedeficiencyinitsearlystageinducesanorexiaand
nonspecificsymptoms(e.g.,irritability,decreaseinshort-term
memory).
Alcoholicpatientswithchronicthiaminedeficiencyalsomayhave
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
centralnervoussystem(CNS)manifestationsknownasWernicke'sencephalopathy,whichconsistsofhorizontalnystagmus,
ophthalmoplegia(duetoweaknessofoneormoreextraocular
muscles),cerebellarataxia,andmentalimpairment
23.Whichofthefollowingenzyme(s)is/are
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
involvedingluconeogenesis:a)Pyruvatecarboxylase
b)Phosphoenolpyruvatecarboxykinase
c)Phosphofructokinase-1
d)Glucose6-phosphatase
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
e)PyruvatedehydrogenaseCorrectAnswer-A:B:D
Ans:a.Pyruvatecarboxylase,b.Phosphoenolpyruvate
carboxykinase,d.Glucose6-phosphatase,[RefHarper
30th/188;Lippincott6th/117-122;Harper28th/165-68;
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Lippincott4th/329J]glucose-6-phosphatase,fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase,andPEP
carboxykinase/pyruvatecarboxylase.
24.Gelusedinelectrophoresisis/are:
a)Agarosegel
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
b)Polyacrylamideplaingelc)PolyacrylamideSDS(Sodiumdodecylsulphate)impregnated
Polyacrylamidegel
d)alloftheabove
e)None
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CorrectAnswer-DAns.d-alloftheabove[www.lonza.com/go/literature/2043;
Shinde7th/7741]
SeparationofRNAinagarosegelsisusedforanumberofdifferent
purposes,includingNorthernblotstomonitorRNAexpression
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
levels,checkingRNAintegrityandsizeselectionofRNAforcloningexperiments.SeparationofRNAbasedonfragmentlengthrequires
conditionsthataredifferentfromDNAanalysis.
Theseincludesamplepreparation,theuseofsampleandgel
denaturants,electrophoresisbuffers,andvisualization.Thepurpose
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
oftheexperimentandthesizeoftheRNAbeingseparatedaretheprimarydriversindeterminingwhichdenaturingsystemtouse.
ThemostfrequentlyuseddenaturantsforRNAagarosegel
electrophoresisareformaldehyde,formaldehyde/formamide,and
glyoxalplusDMSO.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
25.Whichofthefollowingmethod(s)is/are
usedfordetectionofnucleicacid:
a)Northernblotting
b)Southernblotting
c)Westernblotting
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
d)Microarraye)ELISA
CorrectAnswer-A:B:D
Ans:a.Northern...,b.Southern"',d'Microarray'
Sample
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
TechniqueGelUsed Purpose
Analysed
Southern
DNA?
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
YesDetectDNAchanges
blot
Northern
RNA?
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
YesMeasuresmRNAamounts&size
blot
Western
Protein?
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
YesMeasuresproteinamount
blot
ASO
DNA?
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
NoDetectsDNAmutations?
RNAor
MeasuresmanymRNAlevelsat
Microarray
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
NocDNA
onetime
Proteins?
Detectsproteins(antigens)or
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
ELISAor
No
antibodies?
antibodies
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Measuresabundance,distribution,posttranslai.iurimodifications,
Proteomics Proteins?
Yes
functions&
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
interactionsofcellularproteinsinteractionsofcellularproteins
26.Functionofreversetranscriptase:
a)RNAdependentDNAsynthesis
b)DNAdependentRNAsynthesis
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
c)DNAdependentDNAsynthesisd)RNAdependentRNAsynthesis
e)Involvedinproteinsynthesis
CorrectAnswer-A
Ans.a.RNAdependentDNAsynthesis
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
27.Whichofthefollowingisnotapyrimidine
base?
a)Cytosine
b)Uracil
c)Guanine
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
d)Thyminee)Adenine
CorrectAnswer-C
Ans.is'c'i.e.,Guanine
PurinesPyrimidines
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
AdenineCytosineGuanineUraciI
Thymine
Bothpurines(adenineandguanine)arefoundbothinDNA&RNA.
Amongpyrimidines-
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
LiCytosineanduracilarefoundinRNA(thymineisnotfoundinRNA).
CytosineandthyminearefoundinDNA(uracilisnotfoundinDNA).
InDNA,adenineisalwayspairedwiththyminebytwohydrogen
bonds;andguaninealwayspairedwithcytosinebythreehydrogen
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
bonds.28.Restrictionendonucleasecleaves:
a)dsDNA
b)RNA
c)Histone
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
d)Proteine)ssDNA
CorrectAnswer-A
Ans:a.dsDNA
Restrictionendonucleases(restrictionenzymes),which
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
cleavedouble-stranded(ds)DNAintosmaller,moremanageablefragments,hasopenedthewayforDNAanalysis"
Restrictionenzyme(REorRestrictionEndonuclease)isanenzyme
thatcleavedouble-strandedDNAQatspecificrecognitionnucleotide
knownasrestrictionsitesQ
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
ThecutDNAfragmentsbyREmayhavestickyends(cohesiveends)?orbluntsends?dependingonthemechanismusedby
enzyme
DNAfragmentswithstickyendsareparticularlyusefulfor
recombinantDNAexperiments(hybridorchimericDNAmolecules)
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Restrictionenzymeisnamedaccordingtotheorganismfromwhichitwasisolated
29.Trueaboutmiliarytuberculosis:
a)Occurprimarilyduetohematogenousspread
b)Miliarylesionisgenerallyofsize1-2mm
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
c)Diffusebilateralcrepitationisalwayspresentd)Onsetisgenerallyacute
e)Sputumsmearmicroscopyisnegativein80%ofcases
CorrectAnswer-A:B:E
Answer-(A)Occurprimarilyduetohematogenousspread
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
(B)Miliarylesionisgenerallyofsize1-2mm(E)Sputumsmearmicroscopyisnegativein80%ofcases
MiliaryTBisduetohematogenousspreadoftuberclebacilli.
Blood-bornedisseminationgivesrisetomiliaryTB.
Thelesionsareusuallyyellowishgranulomasl-2mmindiameter
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
thatresemblemilletseeds(microscopicorsmall,visible).Clinicalfeatures-
Fever,nightsweats,anorexio,weaknas,andweightlossare
presentingsymptomsinthemajorityofcases.
Patientshaveacoughandotherrespiratorysymptoms.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Hepatomegaly,splenomegaly,andlymphadenopathy.Eyeexamination-choroidaltubercles,whicharepathognomonicof
miliaryTB
Investigations-
Chestradiographyrevealsamiliaryreticulonodularpattern.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Sputumsmearmicroscopyisnegativein80%ofcases.TST(Tuberculinskintest)maybenegative.
Bronchoalveolarlavageandtransbronchialbiopsyaremorelikelyto
providebacteriologicconfirmation.
Ausculutionisfrequentlynormalbutinmoreadvanceddisease,
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
widespreadcracklesareevidentTreatment-
RegimensthatareeffectivefortreatingpulmonaryTBarealso
effectivefortreatingextrapulmonarydisease.
30.Whichofthefollowingcancerspread
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
primarilybyhematogenousroute:a)Papillarycarcinomathyroid
b)Renalcellcarcinoma
c)Pheochromocytoma
d)Glioblastomamultiforme
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
e)FollicularcarcinomaofthyroidCorrectAnswer-B:C:E
Answer-(B)Renalcellcarcinoma(C)Pheochromocytoma
(E)Follicularcarcinomaofthyroid
Themostcommonlocationsofmetastasisarethelungsandbones.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Renalcellcarcinoma:TumourcelllinethebloodvesselwhichareresponsibleforearlybloodspreadfromRCC
Papillarycarcinomathyroid:Focioflymphaticinvasionbytumorare
oftenPresent,butnobloodvesselinvolvement
Pheochromocytomasisthepresenceofmetastases.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Follicularcarcinomaofthyroid:Bloodbornemetastasesaremorecommon.
31.PresentationofPierre-Robinsyndrome
includes:
a)Retrognathia
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
b)Lowsetearc)Prominentforehead
d)Isolatedcleftpalate
e)Glossoptosis
CorrectAnswer-A:D:E
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Answer-(A)Retrognathia(D)Isolatedcleftpalate(E)Glossoptosis
Triadofmicrognathia,glossoptosis&cleftpalate
Cleftsoftpalate
High-archedpalate
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Jawthatisverysmallwithsmall(receding)chinJawthatisfarbackinthethroat
32.Trueaboutmammalianmitochondrial
DNA:
a)Containsaround16500nucleotidesequence
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
b)Makesuparound3%totalcellularDNAc)Makesuparound10%totalcellularDNA
d)Makesuparound0.3%totalcellularDNA
e)Makesuparound1%totalcellularDNA
CorrectAnswer-A:E
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Answer-(A)Containsaround16500nucleotidesequence(E)Makesuparound1%totalcellularDNA
Inmammaliancells,mitochondrialDNAmakesuplessthan1%of
thetotalcellularDNA.
AuniquefeatureofmitochondrialDNAismaternalinheritence.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
mitochondriahavethereowngenomesconsistingofdouble-strandmitochondrialDNA(mtDNA)moleculeconsistingofa16,569
nucleotidesequence.
mtDNAsequencecontainsatotalof37genesencoding13ETC.
33.HighlevelofhCGis/areseeninallexcept
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
:a)Downsyndrome
b)Neuraltubedefect
c)Germcelltumor
d)Gestationaltrophoblasticdisease
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
e)MultiplepregnancyCorrectAnswer-B
Answer-B.Neuraltubedefect
'HighlevelofhCGauldbedetectedin-multiplepregnancy,
hydatiformmole,choriocarcinoma,Downsyndrome,
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Plasmalowerlevelsarefoundinectopicpregnancies&inspontaneousabortion.
hCGisproducedbythesyncytiotrophoblastoftheplacenta.
34.Humanpapillomavirusis/areassociated
withallexcept:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
a)Oropharyngealtumorsb)Carcinomanasophraynx
c)Carcinomaanalcanal
d)Carcinomapancreas
e)Carcinomacervix
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CorrectAnswer-B:DAnswer-(B)Carcinomanasophraynx(D)Carcinomapancreas
Skinwarts(Plantarwart,commonwart,flatwart&
Epidermodysplasiaverruciformis)
Papilloma(Laryngeal,Oral)
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Condylomaacuminatum(genitalwart)Oralsquamouscellcarcinoma
Cervicalintraepithelialneoplasia(CIN)
Carcinomacervix
35.TrueaboutHodgkin'slymphoma:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
a)Oftenlocalizedtosingleaxialgroupoflymphnodeb)Hepatomegalyisalwayspresent
c)Contiguousspreadoflymphnode
d)Canbecuredbychemotherapy&radiotherapy
e)Commonlyresentswithpainlesslymphadenopathy
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CorrectAnswer-A:C:D:EAnswer-(A)Oftenlocalizedtosingleaxialgroupoflymphnode
(C)Contiguousspreadoflymphnode(D)Canbecuredby
chemotherapy&radiotherapy(E)Commonlyresentswith
painlesslymphadenopathy
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Hodgkin'slymphomaisamalignantneoplasmoflymphoreticularsystem.
Itcaninvolvelymphnodes,spleenandliver.
Commoninmales.
ClassicdiagnosticfeatureisthepresenceofReed-Sternberg(RS)
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
cellsorDorothy-ReedSternbergcells.ClassicmarkersforHodgkin'sdiseaseisCD15&CD30.
AxiallymphaticsystemisalmostalwaysaffectedinHodgkin's
disease.
Cervical&mediastinallymphnodesareinvolvedmostfrequently.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Mostcommonlyinpatientspresentaspainless,movableandfirmlymphadenopathy.
Treatment-
StageI/IIclassicalHodgkin'sdisease-
Chemotherapy+fieldradiotherapy
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
36.CD30is/aremarkerfor:
a)Anaplasticlargecelllymphoma
b)Embryonalcellcarcinoma
c)SquamousCellCarcinoma
d)Seminoma
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
e)Hodgkin'slymphomaCorrectAnswer-A:B:E
Answer-(A)Anaplasticlargecelllymphoma(B)Embryonalcell
carcinoma(E)Hodgkin'slymphoma
CD30ispositiveinanaplasticlargecelllymphoma&Hodgkin's
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
lymphoma.ActivatedBcells,Tcells,andmonocytes;alsoexpressedbyReed-
SternbergcellsandvariantsinclassicalHodgkinlymphoma.
37.Allaretrueaboutintestinalpolyp
syndromeexcept:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
a)Cowdendisease-Hamartomatouspolypsb)Hereditarynonpolyposiscolorectalcarcinoma(HNPCC)-
Multipleadenomatouspolyps
c)Peutz-Jegherssyndrome-associatedwithcoloniccarcinoma
d)Colonichyperplasticpolyphasmalignantpotential
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
e)Cronkhite-Canadasyndrome-mayhaveassociatedbreasttumour
CorrectAnswer-D
Answer-D.Colonichyperplasticpolyphasmalignantpotential
Colonichyperplasticpolypsarebeningepithelialproliferation.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
38.Increasethicknessofgastricmucosalfold
isseenin:
a)Menetrier'sdisease
b)Gastritiscystica
c)Boerhaavesyndrome
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
d)Zollinger-Ellisonsyndromee)All
CorrectAnswer-A:B:D
Answer-(A)Menetrier'sdisease(B)Gastritiscystica
(D)Zollinger-Ellisonsyndrome
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
TwowelldefinedexamplesareMenetrier'sdisease&Zollinger-Ellisonsyndrome
Gastricglandhyperplasiasecondarytoexcessivegastrinsecretion,
inthesettingofagastrinoma.
39.Bloodtransfusionreactioncanleadsto:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
a)Acuteglomerulonephritisb)Myoglobinuria
c)Hemoglobinuria
d)Transfusion-relatedacutelunginjury
e)Acuterenaltubularnecrosis
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CorrectAnswer-C:D:EAnswer-(C)Hemoglobinuria(D)Transfusion-relatedacutelung
injury(E)Acuterenaltubularnecrosis
Hemolytictransfusionreaction
Intravascularhemolysis
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Transfusion-relatedacutelunginjury(TRALI)Renalfailure
40.Notseeninpoststreptococcal
glomerulonephritis(PSGN):
a)Nephroticrangeproteinuria
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
b)Neutrophilicinfiltrationoftubulesc)Subepithelialdeposits
d)Lineardepositsalongglomerularbasementmembrane
e)None
CorrectAnswer-A:B:D
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Answer-(A)Nephroticrangeproteinuria(B)Neutrophilicinfiltrationoftubules(D)Lineardepositsalongglomerular
basementmembrane
Ittypicallyaffectschildrenbetweentheagesof2and14years.
Itismorecommoninmales.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Poststreptococcalglomerulonephritisduetoimpetigodevelops2-6weeksafterskininfectionandl-3weeksafterstreptococcal
pharyngitis.
ThereisgranularsubendothelialimmunedepositsofIgG,IgM,C3,
C4andC5-9,andsubepithelialdeposits.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Clinicalfeatures-Acutenephritiswithhematuria,pyuriaredbloodcellcasts,edema,
hypetension,andoliguricrenalfailure.
20%ofadultshaveproteinuriainthenephroticrange.
Antibodiesinstreptococcalinfection:ASOAnti-DNAaseB,Anti-
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Streptokinase,anti-Nicotinyladeninedinucleotidase&Anti-Hyaluronidase.
41.Trueaboutfibrolamellarcarcinomaof
liver:
a)Betterprognosisthantypicalhepatocellularcarcinoma
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
b)Associatedwithcirrhosisc)AFP-positive
d)Occurinyoungeradults
e)Morecommoninfemales
CorrectAnswer-A:D:E
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Answer-(A)Betterprognosisthantypicalhepatocellularcarcinoma(D)Occurinyoungeradults(E)orecommonin
females
Itisadistinctivevariantofhepatocellularcarcinoma
Itisseeninyoungadults(20-40yrsofage)
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
IthasequalsexincidenceIthasbetterprognosis
IthasnoassociationwithHBVorcirrhosis
Itisgrosslyencapsulatedmass.
AFPelevationisnotseeninFibrolamellarCa
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
42.ChromosomalabnormalitiesinDown
syndromeis/aredueto:
a)Nondisjunctionalofmaternalchromosome
b)Nondisjunctionalofpaternalchromosome
c)Translocationsbetweenchromosome21&14
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
d)Disjunctionofpaternalchromosomee)Disjuctionofmaternalchromosome
CorrectAnswer-A:B:C
Answer-(A)Nondisjunctionalofmaternalchromosome(B)
Nondisjunctionalofpaternalchromosome(C)Translocations
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
betweenchromosome21&14Trisomy21(47,XX+21)isthemostcommon(95%)chromosomal
abnormalityinDownsyndrome.
InDownsyndromelargefragmentof14or15or22chromosome
fuseswithlargefragmentofchromosome21Extramaterialcomes
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
on21anditactslikethird21stchromosomeTrisomy21.Extrachromosomeisofmaternalinorigin.
I%havemosaicwithsomeallhave46chromosome.
4%haverobertsoniantranslocation.
1. t(13:21)
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
2. t(14:21)3. t(15:21)
Veryrarelylongarmofchromosome21istriplicate(Partialtrisomy).
43.Schaumannbodiesarenotseenin:
a)Sarcoidosis
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
b)Histoplasmosisc)Cryptococcosis
d)Hypersensitivitypneumonitis
e)Tuberculosis
CorrectAnswer-B:C
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Answer-B,HistoplasmosisC,CryptococcosisSarcoidosis,
Hypersensitivitypneumonitis,
Berylliosis
Crohn'sdisease&tuberculosis
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
44.Neuroendocrinecelltumourmarkersare:
a)ChromograninA
b)CD56
c)Neuron-specificenolase
d)Synaptophysin
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
e)Cytokeratin7CorrectAnswer-A:B:C:D
Answer-A,ChromograninAB,CD56C,Neuron-specific
enolaseD,Synaptophysin
ChromograninAisthemostwidelyused
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Neuron-specificenolase(NSE)isacytosolicmarkerofneuroendocrinedifferentiation.
Synaptophysinfoundinsmallvesiclesofneuronsand
neuroendocrinetumors.
CD56aremarkers.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
45.Allaretrueaboutfocalnodular
hyperplasiaexcept:
a)Multiplenodulemaypresent
b)Morecommoninmale
c)Maybeassociatedwithcontraceptivepillsuse
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
d)Hypovascularonthearterial-phaseandhypervascularonthedelayed-phaseCTimages
e)CTislesssensitivethanMRIindepictingthecharacteristic
centralscar
CorrectAnswer-B
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Answer-B.MorecommoninmaleFNHistypicallybenign
"FNHismostfrequentlyfoundinyoungtomiddle-agedadults,witha
strongfemalepredilection.
thelesionismultinodular
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Bileductulesareusuallyfoundattheinterfacebetweenhepatocytesandfibrousregions.
Kupffercellsarepresent
46.Allaretrueabouttamoxifenexcept:
a)Usedasadjuvanttherapyinestrogenreceptorpositivebreast
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
cancerb)Noeffectonuterus
c)Pro-estrogeneffectonbone
d)Reduceschanceofosteoporosis
e)Reducescoronaryarterydiseases
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CorrectAnswer-B:EAns.(B)Noeffectonuterus(E)Reducescoronaryartery
diseases
[Ref:KDT7th/312-15;Katzung13th/713;Harrison19th/2498]
Tamoxifen:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Approvalfortheprimaryprophylaxisofbreastcancerinhighriskwomen.
Reducestherecurrencerateofbreastcancerinipsilateralaswellas
contralateralbreast.
Associatedwithreducedriskofcancerinthecontralateralbreast.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Improvesthebonemassduetoantiresorptiveeffect.Increasestheriskofthromboembolicevents.
Hypertglyceridaemia,deepveinthrombosis,ischemicheartdisease,
retinopathy&othercomplicationstobeobservedduringtamoxifen
therapy.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
47.TrueaboutHyoscine:
a)Causemydriasis
b)Causemiosis
c)Usedformotionsickness
d)BetterBBBpenetrationthanatropine
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
e)CentralnervoussystemdepressantCorrectAnswer-A:C:D:E
Ans.(A)Causemydriasis(C)Usedformotionsickness
(D)BetterBBBpenetrationthanatropine(E)Centralnervous
systemdepressant
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Hyoscine(scopolamine):Appliedtoeyestheyfreelypenetratecornea
HasbetterBBBpenetration
Shorterdurationofactionthanatropine.
Mosteffectivedrugformotionsickness
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CNSdepressant.Producesedationandamnesiaduringlabour(twilightsleep)
Causedefinitemydriasis&lossofaccommodation"
LiedetectorduringworldwarII
48.Truestatement(s)aboutRutin:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
a)Hasanti-fibrinolyticactionb)Hasanti-plateletaction
c)Antioxidantproperty
d)Acitrusflavonoidglycosidefoundinmanyplantsincluding
buckwheat
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
e)NoneCorrectAnswer-B:C:D
Ans.(B)Hasanti-plateletaction(C)Antioxidantproperty(D)A
citrusflavonoidglycosidefoundinmanyplantsincluding
buckwheat
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Rutin(Bioflavonoids):Richestsourceisbuckwheat.
Plantglycosideclaimedtoreducecapillarybleeding.
Usedinadoseof60mgoralBD-TDSalongwithVit.Cwhichis
believedtofacilitateitsaction(supportbloodcirculation,asan
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
antioxidant,afldtotreatallergies,yiruses,orarthritisandotherinflammatoryconditions).
Strengthenstheliningofthebloodvesselsthroughoutthebody.
Helpstreathemorrhoids,internalbleeding.
Helpspreventhemorrhagicstrokes.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Stoptheformationofabloodclot(thrombosis).Veryeffectivewithbloodclotsbecauseittreatsandpreventclotsin
botharteriesandveins
Mostpotentlyanti-thrombotic.
Anantioxidant.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
49.Side-effect(s)ofZoledronicacidis/areall
except:
a)Flu-likesymptoms
b)Osteonecrosisofthejaw
c)Dizziness
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
d)Constipatione)Renaltoxicity
CorrectAnswer-D
Ans.D.Constipation
Zoledronate:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Flu-likesymptomsduetocytokinereleaseattendthei.vinfusionNausea,vomiting,bodyache,dizzinessarecommon
Renaltoxicityhasbeenencountered
OsteonecrosisofJawisararecomplicationofi.vhighdose
50.Anti-microbialagentsactingonnucleic
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
acidareallexcept:a)Acyclovir
b)Linezolid
c)Fluroquinolones
d)Streptomycin
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
e)RifampinCorrectAnswer-B:D
Ans.(B)Linezolid(D)Streptomycin
[Ref:KDT7th/689-90]
1. Inhibitcellwallsynthesis:Penicillins,Cephalosporins,Cycloserine,
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Vancomycin,Bacitracin.2. Causeleakagefromcellmembranes:Polypeptides-Polymyxins,
Colistin,Bacitracin.Polyenes-AmphotericinB,Nystatin,Hamycin
3. Inhibitproteinsynthesis:Tetracyclines,Chloramphenicol,
Erythromycin,Clindamycin,linemlid,
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
4. Causemisreadingofm-kNAcodeandaffectpermeability:Aminoglycosides-Streptomycin,Gentamicin,etc.
5. InhibitDNAgyrase:Fluoroquinolones-Ciprofloxacinandothers
6. InterferewithDNAfunction:Rifampin
7. InterferewithDNAsynthesis:Acyclovir,Zidovudine
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
8. Interferewithintermediarymetabolism;Sulfonamides,Sulfones,PAS,Trimethoprim,Pyrimethamine,Metronidazole
51.CNSstimulantsare:
a)Cocaine
b)Amphetamine
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
c)Cannabisd)Dexamphetamine
e)MDMA(ecstasy)
CorrectAnswer-A:B:D:E
Ans.(A)Cocaine(B)Amphetamine(D)Dexamphetamine
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
(E)MDMA(ecstasy)[Ref,KDT7th/486,452.]
Psychotogenic(Hallucinogens)drugsareCannabis,LSD,
mescaline,endocannabinoid.
CNSStimulant:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
1. Convulsants:Strychnine,picrotoxin,bicuculline,pentyIenetetrazol2. Analeptics:Doxapram
3. Psychostimulants:Amphetamine,Methylphenidate,atomoxetine,
modafinil,armodafinil,pemoline,cocaine&caffeine.
52.Drugcontraindicatedinpregnancy:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
a)Sulfonamideb)ACEinhibitors
c)Phenytoin
d)Ciprofloxacin
e)Furosemide
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CorrectAnswer-B:CAns.(B)ACEinhibitors(C)Phenytoin
[Katzung10th/975]
ACEinhibitors-InAlltrimester,especiallysecondandthird-Renal
damage.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Phenytoin-InAlltrimester-FetaIhYdantoinsYndromeThalidomide-Firsttrimester=Phocomelia(shortenedorabsent
longbonesofthelimbs)andmanyInternalmalformations
53.Inwhichofthefollowingliverflukes,
triclabendazoleis/areused:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
a)Clonorchissinensisb)Opisthorchisviverrini
c)Fasciolahepatica
d)Fasciolagigantica
e)Opisthorchisfelineus
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CorrectAnswer-C:DAns.(C)Fasciolahepatica(D)Fasciolagigantica
[Ref:Harriison19th/1428;I(DT7th/851]
Triclabendazoleishighlyeffectiveagainstadultsofthecommonliver
fluke(Fasciolahepatica)aswellasallimmaturestages.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
AlsoeffectiveagainstFasciolagiganticaandFascioloidesmagna.Noefficacyagainstroundwormsortapeworms.
54.Truestatement(s)regardingthepowerof
chiefjudicialmagistrate:
a)Cangiveimprisonmentof<3yearonly
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
b)Cangiveimprisonmentofanydurationc)Cangiveimprisonmentupto5year
d)Cangiveimprisonmentupto7year
e)Canimposeunlimitedfine
CorrectAnswer-D:E
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Ans:d.Cangiveimprisonmentupto7yeare.Canimposeunlimitedfine[RefReddy32nd/6;Reddy27th/6
indiankanoon.orgl
TheCourtofaChiefJudicialMagistratemaypassanysentence
authorisedbylawexceptasentenceofdeathorofimprisonmentfor
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
lifeorofimprisonmentforatermexceedingsevenyears.TheCourtofaMagistrateofthefirstclassmaypassasentenceof
imprisonmentforatermnotexceedingthreeyears,oroffinenot
exceedingfivethousandrupees,orofboth.
TheCourtofaMagistrateofthesecondclassmaypassasentence
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
ofimprisonmentforatermnotexceedingoneyear,oroffinenotexceedingonethousandrupees,orofboth.
TheCourtofaChiefMetropolitanMagistrateshallhavethepowers
oftheCourtofaChiefJudicialMagistrateandthatofaMetropolitan
Magistrate,thepowersoftheCourtofaMagistrateofthefirstclass.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
55.Whichofthefollowingfeatureis/are
relatedtomandibleofmaleincomparison
tofemale:
a)Ascendingramus-smallerbreadth
b)Angleoframus-Moreobtuse
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
c)Largercondyled)Mentaltubercles-larger&prominent
e)Symphysealheightmore
CorrectAnswer-C:D:E
Ans:c.Largercondyled.Mentaltubercles-larger&
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
prominente.Symphysealheightmore[Ref.Reddy32nd/60;Parikh7th/79]
Symphysealheightismoreinmales(Parikh7th/79)
FemaleSmaller
TraitGeneralsize MaleLarger&thicker
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
&thinnerChin
Square(U-shaped)
Rounded
Atsymphysis
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
BodyheightAtsymphysisgreater
smaller
Ascendingramus
Greaterbreadth
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
SmallerbreadthAngleofbody
Lessobtuse(under1250);
Moreobtuse&
&,amus(Gonion)
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Prominent&Evertednotprominent
Condyles
Larger
Smaller
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
MentaltuberclesLarge&prominent
Insignificant
56.Whichofthefollowingstatementis/are
trueaboutcarbamatepoisoning:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
a)Causepinpointpupilb)Atropineisantidote
c)Adrenergicaction
d)Spontaneouslyhydrolysesfromthecholinesteraseenzymatic
site
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
e)CNStoxicityismoreascomparedtoorganophosphorusCorrectAnswer-B:D
Ans:b.Atropineisantidoted.Spontaneouslyhydrolysesfrom
thecholinesteraseenzymaticsite[RefReddy32nd/495-98;
Parikh7th/625-28;GerGIIth/210;KDT7th/111;Katzung
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
13th/979-80;PharmacologybySatoskar24th/297Itdifferstoxicologicallyfromorganophosphate:Theywill
spontaneouslyhydrolysefromthecholinesteraseenzymaticsite
within24to48hours,whereasorganophosphateswillnot.
TheydonoteffectivelypenetrateintotheCNS,&assuchCNS
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
toxicityislimited.Treatment:Atropineisthespecificantidote.Pralidoximemay
diminishtheseverityofsymptoms&helppreventsomemorbidity.
57.WhichofthefollowingisNOTrape:
a)Sexualintercoursewithwife,ofagebelow15year,with
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
consentb)Sexualintercoursewithwife,ofage16year,withconsent
c)Sexualintercoursewithagirlbelow18yearsofage,with
consent
d)Sexualintercoursewithagirlof18yearwithconsent
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
e)Sexualintercoursewithwifewhoislivingseparatelyfromhimunderadecreeofseparation,oranycustomorusage
withherconsent
CorrectAnswer-B:D:E
Ans:b.Sexualintercoursewith...,d.Sexualintercoursewitha
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
girl...,e.Sexualintercoursewithwifewhoisliving......[RefReddy32nd/392-95;Parikh7th/389-911
Rape:TheCriminalLaw(Amendment)Bill,2013(5.375,I.P.C)
AcctoGazetteNotificationofGOIregardingCriminalLaw
(amendendment)Act,2013releasedon2april,2013,1tisage15
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
year.ExceptiontoS.375,I.P.C:Sexualintercourseorsexualactsby
amanwithhisownwife,thewifenotbeingunder15years.
Thereiscontroversialreferenceregardingageofwife,either16or
15yearinReddy(old&newed.)&Parikh.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Withherconsent,whenthemanknowsthatheisnotherhusbandandthatherconsentisgivenbecauseshebelievesthatheis
anothermantowhomsheisorbelievesherselftobelawfully
married.
Withherconsentwhen,atthetimeofgivingsuchconsent,by
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
reasonofunsoundnessofmindorintoxicationortheadministration
byhimpersonallyorthroughanotherofanystupefyingor
unwholesomeSubstance,sheisunabletounderstandthenature
andconsequencesofthattowhichshegivesconsent.
Withorwithoutherconsent,whensheisundereighteenyearsof
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
age.Whensheisunabletocommunicateconsent
58.Trueaboutrigormortisareall,
except:
FMGE08
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
a)Seenimmediatelyafterdeathb)Itlast18-36hinsummer
c)Itdisappearsinthesequenceasitappears
d)Itlast24-48hinwinter
e)None
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CorrectAnswer-AAns.Seenimmediatelyafterdeath
59.Post-mortemcaloricityis/areseeninall
except:
a)Strychninepoisoning
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
b)Septicaemicconditionc)Cholera
d)Barbituratepoisoning
e)Tetanus
CorrectAnswer-D
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Ans:d.Barbituratepoisoning[RefReddy33rd/155,32rd/149;Parikh7th/143,6th/3.8-3.9]
Post-MortemCaloricity1.Reddy33rd/155-Inthiscondition,the
temperatureofthebodyremainsraisedforthefirsttwohoursorso
afterdeath.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Whentheregulationofheatproductionhasbeenseverelydisturbedbeforedeath,asinsunstroke&insomenervousdisorder
Whentherehasbeenagreatincreaseinheatproductioninthe
muscleduetoconvulsions,asintetanus&strychninepoisoningetc
Post-MortemCaloricity:SeenIParikhth/3.8-3.9,Pontine
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
haemorrhage&sunstroke,Tetanus&strychninepoisoning.,acuteviralorviralinfectionssuchaslobarpneumonia,typhoidfever,
encephalitis&encephalomyelitis
60.Treatmentofcarbolicacidpoisoning
includes:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
a)Repeatedlavageshouldbedoneb)Intubationmayberequiredincaseofrespiratorycompromise
c)Emeticsisverybeneficial
d)Salinecontainingsodiumcarbonateisgiven
e)None
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CorrectAnswer-A:B:DAns:a.Repeatedlavageshouldbedoneb.Intubationmaybe
requiredincaseofrespiratorycompromised.Salinecontaining
sodiumcarbonateisgiven[RefReddy32nd/507;Parikh
7th/535-37]
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
AnemeticoftenfailsduetotheanaestheticeffectLavage:Thestomachshouldbewashedrepeatedly,carefullywith
plentyoflukewarmwatercontainingactivatedcharcoal,oliveoil,
casteroiletc.Washingcontinueduntilthewashingsareclear&
odourless
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Whenlavageiscompleted,309ramofmagnesiumsulphateoraquantityofmedicinalliquidparaffinshouldleftinthestomach
Salinecontainingsodiumcarbonateisgiveni.vtocombatcirculatory
depression,todilutecarboilicacidcontentofblood&toencourage
excretionbyproducingdiuresis,Haemodialysis,ifthereisrenal
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
failureCarbolicacidmanagement:Evaluateandsupportairway,breathing,
andcirculation.Childrenmaybemorevulnerabletocorrosive
agentsthanadultsbecauseoftherelativelysmallerdiameteroftheir
airways.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Incasesofrespiratorycompromisesecureairwayandrespirationviaendotrachealintubation.Ifnotpossible,surgicallycreatean
airway.
61.Griffithexperimentwasdoneon?
a)Salmonella
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
b)Streptococcuspneumoniaec)Enterococcus
d)Staphylococcus
e)None
CorrectAnswer-B
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Ans.is'b'i.e.,Streptococcuspneumoniae[RefAdvancedbiologyp.396]
In1928,FrederickGriffith'sexperimentfirstdemonstrated
transformationinstreptococcuspneumoniae.
FrederickGriffith'sexperimentonpneumococcus(streptococcus
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
pneumoniae)provedthatgeneticcharactersaretransmittedfromonegenerationtotheotherthroughtransformation.
ItistransferofgeneticinformationthroughtheagencyoffreeDNA.
Itwasthefirstexampleofgeneticexchangeinbacteriatobebeen
discoveredGriffithin1928foundthatmicediedwheninjectedwitha
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
mixtureoflivenon-capsulated(R)Streptococcuspneumoniae&heatkilledcapsulated(S)S.pneumoniae,neitherofwhich
separatelyprovedfatal
62.AllaretrueaboutEbolavirusinfection
except?
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
a)Airdroplerismostcommonmodeoftransmissionb)Haemorrhagicmanifestationmayoccur
c)Thaiforesttype-mostcommonspeciesinepidemics
d)presentsassuddenonsetoffeverandsorethroat
e)Casefatalityratemaybehighas70%
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CorrectAnswer-A:CAns.is'a'i.e.,Airdroplerismostcommonmodeof
transmission&'c'i.e.,Thaiforesttype-mostcommonspecies
inepidemics]RefPark24m/ep.374]
Thevirusistransmittedthroughdirectcontactwithblood,organs,
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
bodysecretionsorotherbodyfluidsofinfectedanimalslikechimpanzees,gorillas,monkeys,fruitbatsetc.
Humantohumantransmissionisthroughbloodorbodyfluidsofan
infectedsymptomaticpersonorthroughexposuretoobjects(sucha
needle)thathavebeencontaminatedwithinfectedsecretions.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Itisnottransmittedthroughair,water,orfood.Thevirusistransmittedthroughdirectcontactwithblood,organs,
bodysecretionsorotherbodyfluidsofinfectedanimalslike
chimpanzees,gorillas,monkeys,fruitbatsetc.
Humantohumantransmissionisthroughbloodorbodyfluidsofan
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
infectedsymptomaticpersonorthroughexposuretoobjects(suchasneedle)thathavebeencontaminatedwithinfectedsecretions
Itisnottransmittedthroughair,water,orfood
Theillnessischaracterizedbysuddenonsetoffever,intense
weakness,musclepain,headache,sorethroat,vomiting,diarrhea,
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
rash,impairedkidneyandliverfunctionandinsomebothinternalandexternalbleeding.
ThevirusfamilyFiloviridaeincludesthreegenera:Cuevavirus,
Marburgvirus,andEbolavirus.
WithinthegenusEbolavirus,fivespecieshavebeenidentified:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Zaire,Bundibugyo,Sudan,RestonandTalForest.Thefirstthree,Bundibugyoebolavirus,Zaireebolavirus,and
Sudanebolavirushavebeenassociatedwithlargeoutbreaksin
Africa.
63.Trueaboutchancroid:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
a)BacillicausingthediseaseshowsSchooloffishappearanceb)Painfululcer
c)Incubationperiodis10-90day
d)Presentsaspainlesslymphadenopathy
e)Sharplydemarcated&elevatededge
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CorrectAnswer-A:B:DAns:a.Bacillicausing...,b.Painful...,d.Presents.[Ref
Ananthanarayan9th/331;Harrison19th/880,1012-13]
Chancroidorsoftsoreisavenerealdiseasecharacterizedby
tendernon-induratedirregularulcersonthegenitalia
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Thebacillimaybearrangedinsmallgroupsorwhorlsorinparallelchains,givinga'schooloffish'or'railroadtrack'appearance
Theinfectionremainslocalized,spreadingonlytotheregionallymph
nodeswhichareenlarged&painful
Infectionisacquiredastheresultofabreakintheepitheliumduring
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
sexualcontactwithaninfectedindividual.Approximatelyhalfofpatientsdevelopenlarged,tenderinguinal
lymphnodes,whichfrequentlybecomefluctuantandspontaneously
rupture.
64.Whichofthefollowingspreadby
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
ingestionofeggs:a)Strongyloides
b)Trichinella
c)Trichuris
d)Ascaris
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
e)AncylostomaduodenaleCorrectAnswer-C:D
Ans:c.Trichurisd.Ascaris
Strongyloides:Infectiveformisfilariformlarva(Panikar7th/178)
"Trichinella:Infectiveformisencystedlarvafoundinmusclesofpigs
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
&otheranimals"(Panikar7th/168)"Ancylostomaduodenale-Infectiveformisthirdstagefilariform
larva"(Panikar7th/168)
ModeofInfectionPanikarParasitology7th/162
1. Byingestion
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
2. Eggs:Ascaris,enterobius,Trichuris3. Larvawithinintermediatehost:Dracunculus
4. Encystedlarvaeinmuscle:Trichinella
5. Bypenetrationofskin:Ancylostoma,Necator,Strongyloides
6. Bybloodsuckinginsects:Filariae
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
7. Byinhalationofdustcontainingeggs:Ascaris,enterobius65.Tochecktheefficiencyoftheheat
sterilization,whichofthefollowing
microbeis/areused:
a)Geobacillusstearothermophilus
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
b)Bacillussubtilisc)Salmonella
d)Pneumococcus
e)Bacillusstearothermophilus
CorrectAnswer-A:B:E
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Ans:a.Geobacillusstearothermophilusb.Bacillussubtilise.Bacillusstearothermophilus[RefAnanthanarayan
9th/30,32;Greenwood16th/771
SterilisationControl(DryHeat)
Thesporesofanon-toxigenicstrainofclostridiumtetaniorBacillus
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
subtilissubspeciesnigerareusedasamicrobialtestofdryheatefficiency.
Fordeterminingtheefficacyofmoistheatsterilization,sporesof
Bacillusstearothermophilusareusedasthetestorganism
"Geobacillusstearothermophilus(orBacillusstearothermophilus)is
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
constantlyusedinthebiotechindustrytotestthesuccessofsterilizationcyclesofequipment.
Duetothebacteria'shighresistancetoheat,itisasuitable
biologicalIndicatorofmicrobelifeafterasterilizationcycle.
66.Dimorphicfungiis/are?
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
a)Histoplasmacapsulatumb)Sporothrixschenckii
c)Malasseziafurfur
d)Cryptococcusneoformans
e)Aspergillus
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CorrectAnswer-A:BAns.is'a'i.e.,Histoplasmacapsulatum;&'b'i.e.,Sporothrix
schenckii[RefAnanthanarayanelep.601,609;Jawetz23'/ep.
6451.
Fungithathavetwogrowthforms,suchasmold(filaments)anda
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
yeast,whichdevelopunderdifferentgrowthconditions.Inhosttissuesorculturesat37?Ctheyoccurasyeasts,whileinthe
soilandinculturesat22?Ctheyappearasmoulds.
Yeastsareseenasroundedsinglecellsorasbudding
organisms.CandidaandCryptococcusaretraditionallyclassifiedas
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
yeasts.Mostfungicausingsystemicinfectionsaredimorphicfungi
DimorphicFungiareJawetz27th/853
Blastomycosisdermatitidis
Paracoccidioidesbrasiliensis
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Coccidioidesposadasii&CoccidioidesimmitisHistoplasmacapsulatum
Sporotrixschenckii
Penicilliummarneffe
67.Trueaboutenteroviruses:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
a)In1999,wildpoliovirus2waseradicatedfromworldb)Vaccineassociatedparalyticpoliomyelitis(VAPP)most
frequentlycausedbyserotype1vaccine
c)BivalentOPVcontainstype1&type3strain
d)PrimarycourseofOPVconsistsofonly1dose
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
e)CoxasackieA7&enterovirustype71causesasepticmeningitisCorrectAnswer-A:C:D:E
Ans:(A)In1999,wildpoliovirus2waseradicatedfromworld
(C)BivalentOPVcontainstype1&type3strain(D)Primary
courseofOPVconsistsofonly1dose(E)CoxasackieA7&
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
enterovirustype71causesasepticmeningitis[RefPark23rd/202-09;Harrison19th/1289-91;Ananthanarayan
9th/485]
Ofthe3strainsofwildpoliovirus,wildpoliovirustype2was
eradicatedin1999&casenumbersoftype3aredowntothe
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
lowest-everlevelswiththelastcasereportedinNov2012fromNigeria.
TheWHOprogrammeonimmunization(EPI)&thenational
immunizationprogrammeinIndiarecommendedaprimarycourseof
3dosesofOPVatone-monthintervals,commencingthefirstdose
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
wheninfantis6weeksold.Poliovirustype1isresponsibleformostepidemicsofparalytic
poliomyelitis.Type3alsocausesepidemicstoalesserextent..
Type2usuallycausesinapparentinfectionsinwesterncountriesbut
inIndiaparalysisduetotype2isquitecommon"
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
GROUP
SEROTYPE
Poliovirus
1-3
CoxsackievirusA 1-22AND24
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CoxsackievirusB1-6
s
Echovirus
1-9,11-27,
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
29-34Numbered
(EV)68-78
echovirus
68.Allaretrueaboutcytomegalovirusexcept:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
a)Maybetransmittedfrompregnantmothertofoetusb)Type5Humanherpesvirus
c)Lymphocyteenlargement
d)Causecongenitaldiseases
e)Mayleadtofetaldeath
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CorrectAnswer-CAns:c.Lymphocyteenlargement[RefHarrison19th/1190-91;
Ananthanarayan9th/473-74;Jawetz27th/470-74]
Cytomegalovirus(HumanHerpesVirusType5)
Itiscytomegalic(notlymphoproliferative,whichoccurinHHV4,6&
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
7)Characterizedbyenlargementofinfectedcells
Congenitalinfection-Intrauterineinfectionleadstofetaldeathor
cytomegalicinclusiondiseaseofnewbornwhichisoftenfatal
Thehallmarkofsuchinfectionistheappearanceofatypical
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
lymphocytesintheperipheralblood;thesecellsarepredominantlyactivatedCD8+Tlymphocytes.
69.Trueaboutbacteriorhodopsin:
a)Presentinthecellmembrane
b)Itactsasprotonpump
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
c)GenerateATPd)Uselightenergy
e)Sameasrhodopsinfoundinhuman
CorrectAnswer-A:B:C:E
Ans:a.Presentinthecellmembraneb.Itactsasproton
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
pumpc.GenerateATPd.SameasrhodopsinfoundinhumanBacteriorhodopsinisaproteinusedbyArchaea,mostnotablyby
Halobacteria,aclassoftheEuryarchaeota.
Itactsasaprotonpump;thatis,itcaptureslightenergyandusesit
tomoveprotonsacrossthemembraneoutofthecell.Theresulting
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
protongradientissubsequentlyconvertedintochemicalenergy.Bacteriorhodopsinisatrans-membraneproteinfoundinthecellular
membraneofHalobacteriumsalinarium,whichfunctionsasalight-
drivenprotonpump.
BacteriorhodopsinisaprotonpumpfoundinArchaea,ittakeslight
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
energyandcovertsitintochemicalenergyi.e.ATP,thatcanbeusedbythecellforcellularfunctions.
70.Allofthefollowingaretrueaboutvasectomy,EXCEPT:
a)Takeabout3monthsbeforethespermstoresareusedup
b)Spermgranulomasarelesscommonifelectrocauteryisused
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
c)Reversalismostsuccessfulwithin10yearsofinitialsurgeryd)Thereisariskofchronictesticularpain
e)None
CorrectAnswer-B
Ans.(B)Spermgranulomasarelesscommonifelectrocautery
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
isusedSpermgranulomasarelesscommonifthermalcauteryisused
ratherthanelectrocautery.
Somecomplicationsofvasectomy:
1. Hematomaandinfection
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
2. SpermGranulomas3. Chronictesticularpain
4. Spontaneousrecanalisation
5. Antispermantibodyformation
Ref:OxfordHandbookofClinicalSpecialities,8thEdition,Page305;
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Shaw'sTextbookofGynaecology,12thEdition,Page18271.Allareelementsofprimaryhealthcare
except:
a)Adequatesupplyofsafewater
b)Provisionoffreeessentialdrugsonlytopoor
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
c)Promotionoffoodsupply&propernutritiond)Prevention&controloflocallyendemicdisease
e)Educationconcerninghealthproblems
CorrectAnswer-B
Ans:b.Provisionoffree....
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Elementsofprimaryhealthcare:8Essentialcomponent:1. Educationconcerningprevailinghealthproblems&themethodsof
preventing&controllingthem
2. Promotionoffoodsupply&propernutrition,
3. Anadequatesupplyofsafewater&basicsanitation.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
4. Maternal&childhealthcareincludingfamilyplanning5. Immunizationagainstmajorinfectiousdiseases
6. Prevention&controloflocallyendemicdisease
7. Appropriatetreatmentofcommondiseases&injuries
8. Provisionofessentialdrug
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
72.MMR(Measles,mumps,rubella)vaccineis
anexampleof:
a)Liveattenuatedvaccine
b)Conjugatedvaccine
c)Polysaccharidevaccine
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
d)Killedvaccinee)Toxiod
CorrectAnswer-A
Ans:a.Liveattenuated..[RefPark23rd/103;0.P.Ghai8th/195-
96;CommunityMedicinewithrecentAdvancesbySuryakantha
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
3rd/320]KILLED
LIVE
TOXOID
WHOLE
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
POLYSACCHARIDE GLYCOCONJUGATEATTENUATED
PROTEINS
ORGANISM
BCG,Yellow
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
fever,OPV,Typhoid,
Measles,
Cholera,
Mumps,
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Plague,Diphtheria,
Rubella,
Pertussis,
Tetanus,
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Typhoid,Influenza,
Acellular
Pneumococcus,
Hib,Pneumococ-
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Varicella,Typhus,
pertussis, Meningococcus,
cus,MenACWY
Rotavirus,
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
lPV,Anthrax,
Hib,Typhoid(Vi)
(Meningococcus)
Cholera,
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Rabies,Influenza
Cold-adapted JE,Tick
subunit
influenza,
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
borneRotavirus
encephalitis,
reassortants.
reassortants.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
HAVZost
73.Allarestepsofinvestigationofan
epidemicexcept:
a)Verifythediagnosis
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
b)Beforestartinginvestigation,informthemediac)Formulationofhypotheses
d)Confirmationoftheexistenceofanepidemic
e)Plan&implementcontrolmeasures
CorrectAnswer-B
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Ans:b.Beforestarting....[RefPark23rd/131-33;CommunityMedicinebyPiyushGupta1st/598603]
InvestigationofanEpidemicalnStepsPark23rd/131-33
Verificationofdiagnosis
Confirmationofexistenceofanepidemic
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Definingthepopulationat-riskRapidsearchforallcases&theircharacteristic
Dataanalysis
Formulationofhypotheses
Testingofhypotheses
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
EvaluationofecologicalfactorsFurtherinvestigationofpopulationatrisk
Writingthereport
74.Whichofthefollowingis/aremethodof
healthcommunication:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
a)Lectureb)Imitation
c)Groupdiscussion
d)Paneldiscussion
e)Roleplay
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CorrectAnswer-A:C:D:EAns:a.Lectu...c.Group...,d.Panel...,e.Roleplay[RefPark
23rd/863-65;CummunityMedicinewithrecentAdvancesby
Suryakantha4th/763;CommunityMedicinebyPiyushGupta
1st/75665]
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
GROUPdISCCUSION-1.Lectures,2.Demonstration,3.Discussionmethods,4-Groupdiscussion,5-Paneldiscussion,6--
Symposium-Workshop,7--Conferences,8--Seminars-Roleplay
MASSAPPROACH-1.Television,2.Radio,3.Newspaper,4.
Printedmaterial,5.Directmailing,6.Posters,7.Healthmuseums
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
andexhibitions,8.Folkmethods,9-Internet.Individualapproach,1.Personalcontact,2.Homevisits,3-
Personalletter
75.Allaretrueaboutlepromatousleprosy(LL)
except:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
a)Multibacillary(MB)-Multidrugtherapy(MDT)isgivenfortreatment
b)Onsplitstain-multiplebacilli
c)Sensationpresentinlesions
d)Multiplesymmetricalskinlesionpresent
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
e)LepromintestpositiveCorrectAnswer-E
Ans:e.Lepromintest....[RefNeenaKhanna5th/272-83;
Roxburg17th/;Park23rd/314-29]
Slitsmear:AllpatientswhoareAFBpositiveshouldbegiven
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
multibacillarytreatment,irrespectiveoftheclinicalpresentation-NeenaKhanna5th/281,283
SkinlesioninLepromatousleprosy(LL):NormalAesthetic/minimally
hyperaesthetic"-NeenaKhanna5th/276.
MultiDrugTherapy(MDT)BlisterPacksareAvailablein4
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
ColoursNeenaKhanna5th/2841. Adultmultibacillary(MB)pack:Pink-redcolour
2. Childmultibacillary(MB)pack:Yellowcolour
3. Adultpaucibacillary(PB)pack:Greencolour
4. Childpaucibacillary(PB)pack:Bluecolour
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
76.
Whichofthefollowingispartofnational
healthpolicy2015draftexcept:
a)IncreaseGDPsharetohealthto5%
b)Assureuniversalavailabilityoffree,comprehensiveprimary
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
healthcareservices,asanentitlement,forallaspectsofreproductive,maternal,childandadolescenthealth
c)Provisionofrighttohealth
d)Engageprivatedoctors
e)Enableuniversalaccesstofreeessentialdrugs&diagnosticsin
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
publichealthfacilitiesCorrectAnswer-A
Ans:a.IncreaseGDPsharetohealthto5%[Ref
http://www.mohfw.nic.in/showfile.php?lid=3014;www.mohfw.
nic.in/showfile.php?lid=30141]
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
TheNationalHealthPolicyacceptsandendorsestheunderstandingthatafullachievementofthegoalsandprinciplesasdefinedwould
requireanincreasedpublichealthexpenditureto4to5%ofthe
GDP
However,giventhattheNHP,2002targetof2%wasnotmet,and
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
takingintoaccountthefinancialcapacityofthecountrytoprovidethisamountandtheinstitutionalcapacitytoutilizetheincreased
fundinginaneffectivemanner,thispolicyproposesapotentially
achievabletargetofraisingpublichealthexpenditureto2.5%ofthe
GDP.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
77.WhichistrueaboutTuningforktestin
hearingloss:
a)Rinnetestisnegativeinconductivedeafness
b)Webertest-lateralizedtotheworstearinsensorineural
deafness
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
c)LateralizationofsoundinWebertestwithatunningforkof512Hzimpliesaconductivelossof15-20dBinipsilateralear
d)NegativeRinnetestindicatesaminimumair-bonegapof15-20
dB
e)ARinnenegativeforallthethreetunningforksof256,512&
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
1024Hzindicatesair-bonegapof30-45CorrectAnswer-A:C:D
Answer-(A)Rinnetestisnegativeinconductive
deafness(C)LateralizationofsoundinWebertestwitha
tunningforkof512Hzimpliesaconductivelossof15-20dBin
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
ipsilateralear(D)NegativeRinnetestindicatesaminimumair-bonegapof15-20dB
RinneTest
Anegativetest(BC>AC)isseeninconductivedeafness.
NegativeRinneindicatesaminimumair-bonegapof15-20dB.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Apredictionofair-bonegapcanbemadeiftuningforksof256,512&1024Hzareused
ARinnenegativeforallthethreetunningforksof256,512&1024
Hzindicatesair-bonegapof45-60dB
WeberTest-
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Itislateralizedtotheworstearinconductivedeafness&tothebetterearinsensorineuraldeafness.
78.Whichofthefollowingcauseslower
motorneuron(LMN)typeoffacialnerve
paralysis:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
a)Bellpalsyb)Parotidtumor
c)Guillain-Barresyndrome
d)Middlecerebralarteryinfarct
e)Multiplesclerosis
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CorrectAnswer-A:B:CAnswer-(A)Bellpalsy(B)Parotidtumor(C)Guillain-Barre
syndrome
1.Idiopathic(Bell'spalsy)
Pregnancy-3xmorecommon.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Diabetesmellitus2.lnfective
Herpesvirus
Herpeszoster(RamsayHuntsyndrome)
Epstein-Barrvirus
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
3.NeurologicalGuillain-Barresyndrome.
Mononeuropathy-e.g.duetodiabetesmellitus,sarcoidosisor
amyloidosis
4.Parotidglandtumours.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
79.Trueabouttympanometry:
a)Flatinossicculardiscontinuity
b)Astypeinotosclerosis
c)Domeshapedindicatesfluidinmiddleear
d)Adtypeinossicculardiscontinuity
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
e)CtypeineustachiantubeobstructionCorrectAnswer-B:C:D:E
Answer-(B)Astypeinotosclerosis(C)Domeshapedindicates
fluidinmiddleear(D)Adtypeinossicculardiscontinuity(E)C
typeineustachiantubeobstruction
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
A-NormalAs-Reducedcomplianceatambientpressure(otosclerosis).
's'standsforshallowtympanogrambutrememberforstiffness
AD-Increasedcomplianceatambientpressure(ossicular
discontinuity).'d'standsfordeepqrmpanogram.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
B-Flatordome-shaped(fluidinmiddleear).C-Maximumcomplianceatpressuresmorethan-200mmH2O
80.Trueaboutbilateralabductorparalysis:
a)Voiceisgood
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
b)Stridorispresentc)Cordslieinabductedposition
d)Urgenttracheostomyisneeded
e)None
CorrectAnswer-A:B:D
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Answer-A,VoiceisgoodB,StridorispresentD,Urgenttracheostomyisneeded
Trecheostomy
Transyersecordotomy
Partialarytenoidectomy
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
ReinnervationproceduresThyroplastyII
Woodman'soperation(Externalarytenoidectomy)isdoneinb/l
abductorparalysis.
Endoscopiclaserarytenoidectomy&IsshikitypeIIthyroplastyis
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
doneforlateralizationofcoril(inbilateralabductorparalysis).81.Allaretrueaboutmandiblefracture
except:
a)Condylarneckismostcommonsite
b)Malocclusionofteethmayoccur
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
c)Anteriorsuperioralveolarnerveismostcommonlyinjuredd)Panorexradiographsareusefulfordiagnosis
e)Malunion&non-unionarecomplications
CorrectAnswer-C
Answer-C.Anteriorsuperioralveolarnerveismostcommonly
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
injuredThecondylarneckistheweakestpartofthemandibleand,isthe
mostfrequentsiteoffracture.
Traumatotheinferioralveolarnerveleadstopermanentnumbness
ofthelowerlipandteethontheaffectedside.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Fracturesofthecoronoidprocessofthemandiblecanresultintrismus
Infractureofcondyle,displacedfragmentsleadstomalocclusionof
teeth&deviationofjawtotheoppositesideonopeningthemouth.
X-raysusefulinmandibularfracturesarePAviewoftheskull(for
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
condyle),right&leftobliqueviewofmandible&panorexview.Condylarandsubcondylarmandiblefracturesaremostoftentreated
byIMFalone.
Delayedunionandnonunionoccurinapproximately3%offractures.
82.Trueaboutchronicsuppurativeotitis
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
media(CSOM):a)Foulsmellingdischargeinatticoantralvariety
b)Facialnerveinvolvementintubotympanicvariety
c)Atticoantralvarietyisassociatewithcholestetoma
d)Maycausehearingloss
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
e)AllCorrectAnswer-A:C:D
Answer-(A)Foulsmellingdischargeinatticoantralvariety
(C)Atticoantralvarietyisassociatewithcholestetoma(D)May
causehearingloss
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
TypesDifferencesbetweenatticoantralandtubotympanictypeof
CSOM
Tubotympanic(safe)
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
atticoantral(unsafe)scantypurulentfoul
Discharge
profusemucoid
smell
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Perforationcentral
Marginal
Granulation
uncommon
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CommonPolyp
Pale
Red,fleshy
Cholesteatoma Absent
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
PresentComplications Rare
Common
Mildtomoderateconductive Conductiveormixed
Audiogram
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
deafnessdeafness
83.Trueaboutranula:
a)Mucousretentioncyst
b)Seeninfloorofmouth
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
c)Marsupializationforlargecystd)Parotidismostcommonsiteoforigin
e)Arisesfromsublingualsalivarygland
CorrectAnswer-A:B:C:E
Answer-(A)Mucousretentioncyst(B)Seeninfloorof
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
mouth(C)Marsupializationforlargecyst(E)Arisesfromsublingualsalivarygland
Itisathinwalledbluishretentioncyst.
Seeninthefloorofmouthononesideofthefrenulum.
Itarisesduetoobstructionofductofsublingualsalivarygland.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Itisalmostalwaysunilateral.ClinicalFeatures
Seenmostlyinchildrenandyoungadults.
Onlycomplain--swellinginthefloorofmouth
Cystmayrupturespontaneouslybutrecurrenceiscommon
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Treatmentiscompletesurgicalexcisionifsmallormarsupialization,iflarge
84.Premalignantlesionoforalcavity
includes
a)Lichenplanus
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
b)Erythroplakiac)Bowendisease
d)Behchetdisease
e)None
CorrectAnswer-B
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Answer-B.ErythroplakiaPremalignantcondition:-Leukoplakia,Erythroplakia,Speckled
erythroplakia,chronichyperplasticcandidiasis.
85.Whichofthefollowingvitamindeficiency
cancausecentrocecalscotoma:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
a)VitAb)VitE
c)B6
d)B2
e)B12
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CorrectAnswer-EAnswer-E.B12
Fielddefectinvolvingboththemaculaandtheblindspot.
Seeninopticnervedisease.
TypicalofvitaminB12deficiencyopticneuropathy.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Damagetopapillomacularfiberscausesacecocentralscotomamaydevelopinopticneuritis,nutritionalopticneuropathy,
toxicopticneuropathy,Leber'shereditaryopticneuropathy,and
compressiveopticneuropathy.
86.Trueaboutelectroretinogram:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
a)awave-arisesfromrodsandconesb)bwave-d/tactivityofbipolarcells
c)b-waveresponseissubnormalinearlycasesofretinitis
pigmentosa
d)cwave-representingmetabolicactivityofpigmentepithe-lium
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
e)BestdiseaseshowsabnormalERGCorrectAnswer-A:B:C:D
Answer-(A)awave-arisesfromrodsandcones(B)bwave-d/t
activityofbipolarcells(C)b-waveresponseissubnormalin
earlycasesofretinitispigmentosa(D)cwave-representing
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
metabolicactivityofpigmentepithe-liumThechangesinducedbythestimulationoflightintheresting
potentialoftheeyearemeasuredbyelectroretinography.Itis
extinguishedorabsentincompletefailureoffunctionofrodsand
cones,e.g.pigmentaryretinaldystrophy,completeocclutionof
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
retinalartery,completeretinaldetachment,advancedsiderosisetc.1. Negative'a'waverepresenttheactivityinrodsandcones.
2. Positive'b'wavearisesininnerretinallayers.
3. Positive'c'waveisassociatedwiththepigmentaryepithelium
87.TrueaboutCiliarybody:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
a)Itformsaqueoushumourb)Anteriorsmoothpartiscalledparsplana
c)Ciliaryprocessesarefinger-likeprojectionsfromthepars
plicatapart
d)Ciliarymuscleshelpinaccommodation
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
e)AllCorrectAnswer-A:C:D
Answer-(A)Itformsaqueoushumour(C)Ciliaryprocessesare
finger-likeprojectionsfromtheparsplicatapart(D)Ciliary
muscleshelpinaccommodation
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Ciliarybodyisforwardcontinuationofthechoroidatoraserrata.Itistriangularinshape
TheinnersideofthetriangleisdividedintotwoParts:
1. anteriorpart-palsPlicata(finger-likeciliaryprocesses)
2. posteriorpart-parsplana(smoothpart)
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Microscopicstructure-fivelayersSupraciliarylamina
Stromaoftheciliarybody
Layerofpigmentedepithelium
Layerofnon-pigmentedepithelium
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
InternallimitingmembraneFunctionsofciliarybody.
1. Formationofaqueoushumour.
2. Ciliarymuscleshelpinaccommodation
88.Whichofthefollowingstatement(s)is/are
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
trueaboutJonesdyetest:a)Doneforassessmentofepiphora
b)Positivetest-1:primaryhypersecretion
c)Negativetest-1:partialobstructionorfailureoflacrimalpump
mechanism
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
d)Positivetest-2:failureoflacrimalpumpmechanisme)Negativetest-2:partialobstruction
CorrectAnswer-A:B:C
Answer-(A)Doneforassessmentofepiphora(B)Positivetest-
1:primaryhypersecretion(C)Negativetest-1:partial
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
obstructionorfailureoflacrimalpumpmechanismJonesdyetestsareofnovalueinthepresenceoftotalobstruction.
Dye-stainedcottonbudindicatesadequatedrainage&primary
hypersecretion
Unstainedcottonbudindicateseitherapartialobstructionorfailure
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
oflacrimalpumpmechanlsmPrimarytestisnegativeinferiormeatusandlacrimalsyringingis
performed
Negativetestpartialobstruction
Negativetestindicatespresenceoflacrimalpumpfailure.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
89.TrueaboutKayser-Fleischerring-
a)Depositionofcopper
b)Depositionofiron
c)FoundinWilsondisease
d)DepositionunderDescemet'smembraneofthecornea
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
e)NoneCorrectAnswer-A:C:D
Answer-(A)Depositionofcopper(C)FoundinWilsondisease
(D)DepositionunderDescemet'smembraneofthecornea
Kayser-Fleischerringstaketheformofacrescenticrusty-brown
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
discolorationofthedeepestlayerofthecornea(Descemetmembrane)
Kayser-FleischerringsareasignofWilson'sdisease,whichinvolves
abnormalcopperhandlingbytheliverresultingincopper
accumulationinthebody.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Characterisedbyabnormalitiesofthebasalgangliaofthebrain,livercirrhosis,splenomegaly,involuntarymovements,musclerigidity,
psychiatricdisturbances,dystoniaanddysphagia.
90.Ectopialentisis/areassociatedwith:
a)Homocystinuria
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
b)Alportsyndromec)Lowesyndrome
d)Marfansyndrome
e)Sulphiteoxidasedeficiency
CorrectAnswer-A:D:E
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Answer-(A)Homocystinuria(D)Marfansyndrome(E)Sulphiteoxidasedeficiency
Marfansyndrome
Homocystinuria
Weil-Marchesanisyndrome
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
SulfiteoxidasedeficiencyHyperlysinemia
91.Trueaboutcongenitalesotropia:
a)Amblyopiamaydevelops
b)Angleofdeviationisusuallyfixed&large
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
c)Surgeryshouldbedoneafter2yeard)Onsetonlyafter1yearofage
e)Maybeassociatedwithinferiorobliqueoveraction
CorrectAnswer-A:B:E
Answer-(A)Amblyopiamaydevelops(B)Angleofdeviationis
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
usuallyfixed&large(E)Maybeassociatedwithinferiorobliqueoveraction
Ageofonset,isusually1-2monthsofage,butoccuranytimein
first6monthsoflife.
Angleofdeviationisusuallyconstant&fairlylarge.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Amblyopiadevelopsin25-40%ofcasesAssociationsincludeinferiorobliqueoveractiondissociatedvertical
deviation(DVD).
Treatment-
Timeofsurgery:Surgeryshouldbedoneb/w6monthsto2years
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
(preferablybefore1yrofage)92.Haintestis/areusedfor:
a)DetectionofINHresistanceonly
b)Detectionofrifampicinresistanceonly
c)Detectionofbothrifampicin&INHresistance
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
d)DetectionofresistanceofalldrugsoffirstlineATTe)All
CorrectAnswer-C
Answer-C.Detectionofbothrifampicin&INHresistance
"GenotypeMTBDRplus("HAINtest")qNAAandhybridization-based
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
testuseimmobilizedDNAprobesonnitrocellulosemembranes(lineprobeassayLPA)&Colorimetricchangeindicateshybridization.
ldentifiesM.tuberculosisanddetectsRif&INHresistanceinaday.
93.TrueaboutPulmonaryartery
catheterization(Swan-Ganzcatheter
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
placement):a)Measuresrightatrialpressure
b)Measuresleftventricularfillingpressure
c)MeasurePCWP
d)Insertedthroughleftsubclavianvein
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
e)MeasurescentralvenouspressureCorrectAnswer-A:B:C:D
Answer-(A)Measuresrightatrialpressure(B)Measuresleft
ventricularfillingpressure(C)MeasurePCWP(D)Inserted
throughleftsubclavianvein
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
ContinuouscardiacoutputmonitoringCentraltemperaturemonitoring
Measurementofpulmonaryarterypressure(canalsomeasureRA
andRVpressuresduringinsertion)
Measurementofmixedvenoussaturations.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
EstimationofdiastolicfillingofleftheartItmeasuresthepressureatthreedifferentplaces:rightatrium,
pulmonaryarteryandpulmonarycapillaries.
94.Presentationoftabesdorsalisincludes:
a)Lancinatingpaininleg
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
b)Lossofproprioceptionc)Sensorydefect
d)Noinvolvementofbladder&bowel
e)Sensoryataxia
CorrectAnswer-A:B:C:E
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Answer-(A)Lancinatingpaininleg(B)Lossofproprioception(C)Sensorydefect(E)Sensoryataxia
Symptomsare
Ataxicwide-basedgait
Footdrop
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Paresthesia;Bladderdisturbances;
Impotence;
Areflexia;and
Lossofpositional,Deep-pain,andTemperaturesensations.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Trophicjointdegeneration(Charcot'sjoints)canresultfromlossofpainsensation.
Opticatrophyoccursintabes.
95.TrueaboutPrinzmetal'sangina:
a)Maypresentatrest
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
b)Occursdueatheroscleroticobstructionofcoronaryarteriesc)Smokingisariskfactor
d)Nitratesareusedfortreatment
e)CCBsareusedfortreatment
CorrectAnswer-A:C:D:E
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Answer-(A)Maypresentatrest(C)Smokingisariskfactor(D)Nitratesareusedfortreatment(E)CCBsareusedfor
treatment
ThissyndromeisduetofocalspasmofanepicardialcoronAry
artery,leadingtoseveremyocardialischemialeadingtosevere
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
myocardialischemia.Therightcoronaryarteryisthemostfrequentsite,followedbythe
leftanteriordescendingcoronaryartery.
Acetylcholinereleasedbytheparasympatheticsystematrestwill
simplycausecontractionofthevascularsmoothmuscle.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
ItusuallyoccursatrestandisassociatedwithtransientST-segmentelevation.
Etiology
cigarettesmokers
Treatment-
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Nitratesandcalciumchannelblockersarethemaintreatmentsforpatientswithvariantangina.
96.Whichofthefollowingis/aretrueabout
RevisedJonesCriteria2015ofAHAfor
diagnosisofacuterheumaticfever-
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
a)Polyarthritisinlow-riskpopulationsisamajorcriteriab)Polyarthralgiainmoderate-andhigh-riskpopulationsisaminor
criteria
c)Monoarthritisinmoderate-andhigh-riskpopulationsisamajor
criteria
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
d)EchocardiographywithDopplerstudyshouldbeperformedinallcasesofconfirmedandsuspectedARF
e)Echocardiography/Dopplerstudyshouldbeperformedto
assesswhethercarditisispresentintheabsenceof
auscultatoryfindings
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CorrectAnswer-A:C:D:EAnswer-(A)Polyarthritisinlow-riskpopulationsisamajor
criteria(C)Monoarthritisinmoderate-andhigh-risk
populationsisamajorcriteria(D)Echocardiographywith
Dopplerstudyshouldbeperformedinallcasesofconfirmed
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
andsuspectedARF(E)Echocardiography/Dopplerstudyshouldbeperformedtoassesswhethercarditisispresentin
theabsenceofauscultatoryfindings
Clinicalmanifestationsanddiagnosis
2015RevisedJonesCriteriafordiagnosisofRheumaticFever
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
B.MajorCriteriaModerate-andhigh-
Low-riskpopulations
riskpopulation
Carditis
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CarditisClinicaland/orsubclinical
Clinicaland/orsubclinicalcarditis
carditis
Arthritis
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
ArthritisMonoarthritisor
Polyarthritis
polyarthritis
Polyarthralgia
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
ChoreaChorea
Erythemamarginatum
Erythemamarginatum
Subcutaneousnodules
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
SubcutaneousnodulesC.Minorcriteria
Moderate-andhigh-risk
Low-riskpopulations
populations
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
PolyarthralgiaMonoarthralgia
Fever(>38.5?)
Fever(>38?C)
ESR.60mmin1'thour
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
ESR30mm/hand/orCRP>3.0and/CRP>3.0mg/dl
ormg/dL
4.ProlongedPRinterval,afteraccountingforagevariability
(unlesscarditisisamajorcriterion)inallpopulation.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
97.Feature(s)ofincreasedICPis/are:
a)Hypotension
b)DecreaseHR
c)IncreaseHR
d)Hypertension
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
e)DecreasedlevelofconsciousnessCorrectAnswer-B:D:E
Answer-(B)DecreaseHR(D)Hypertension(E)Decreasedlevel
ofconsciousness
Cushing'striadisthetriadofwideningpulsepressure(rising
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
systolic,decliningdiastolic),changeinrespiratoryPattern(irregularrespirations),andbradycardia.Itissignof
increasedintracranialpressure,and,itoccursasaresultofthe
Cushingreflex.
98.AllaretrueaboutHepatitisEexcept:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
a)Maybefatalinpregnantwomenb)Causedbynon-enveloped,positive-sense,singlestranded
RNAgenomic,HAVlikevirus
c)Carrierstateiscommon
d)Majorityprogresstochronicity
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
e)Feco-oraltransmissionCorrectAnswer-C:D
Answer-(C)Carrierstateiscommon(D)Majorityprogressto
chronicity
HEVistransmittedviathefaecal-oralroute.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Itiscausedbynon-enveloped,positive-sense,single-strandedRNAgenomic,HAVlikevirus.
HepatitisEisawaterbornedisease,andcontaminatedwaterorfood
supplieshavebeenimplicatedinmajoroutbreaks.Ingeneral,
hepatitisEisaself-limitingviralinfectionfollowedbyrecovery.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Prolongedviraemiaorfaecalsheddingareunusualandchronicinfectiondoesnotoccur.
Occasionally,afulminantformofhepatitisdevelops,withoverall
patientpopulationmortalityratesrangingbetween0.5-4.0%.
Fulminanthepatitisoccursmorefrequentlyinpregnancyand
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
regularlyinducesamortalityrateof20%amongpregnantwomeninthe3rdtrimester.
SincecasesofhepatitisEarenotclinicallydistinguishablefrom
othertypesofacuteviralhepatitis,diagnosisismadebybloodtests
whichdetectelevatedantibodylevelsofspecificantibodiesto
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
hepatitisEinthebodyorbyreversetranscriptasepolymerasechainreaction(RT-PCR).Unfortunately,suchtestsarenotwidely
available.
99.Whichofthefollowingfavoursdiagnosis
ofchronicrenalfailureratherthanacute
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
renalfailure-a)Anemia
b)Peripheralneuropathy
c)Smallkidney
d)Renalosteodystrophy
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
e)DailyincreaseincreatinineCorrectAnswer-A:B:C:D
Answer-A,B,C,D,Anemia,Peripheralneuropathy,Small
kidney,Renalosteodystrophy
Renalsonogramshowingsmallkidneys-UsuallyCKD
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Oliguria,dailyincreasesinserumcreatinineandBUN-ProbablyARForARFsuperimposedonCKD
Severeaneminarenalosteotdystrophy(hyperphosphatemia,
hypocalcemia)-PossiblyCKDbutmaybeARFPeripheral
neuropathy
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
100.Allarefeature(s)ofsarcoidosisexcept:
a)HighCD4:CD8ratio
b)Hypercalciuriaandhypercalcimiamaybepresent
c)fSerumlevelsofangiotensin-convertingenzyme(ACE)
d)Schaumanandasteroidbodiesarepathognomic
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
e)NoneCorrectAnswer-D
Answer-D.Schaumanandasteroidbodiesarepathognomic
Hypercalcemiaand/orHypercalciuriaoccursinabout10%of
sarcoidosispatients.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
BronchoalveolarlavagefluidlnsarcoidosisisusuallycharacterizedbyanincreaseinlymphocyteandahighCD4/CD8ratio.
"Schaumanandasteroidbodies-althoughcharacteristic,thesecells
arenotpathognomicofsarcoidosisbecausetheymaybe
encounteredinothergranulomatousdiseases.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Thegranulomaisthepathologichallmarkofsarcoidosis."Serumlevelsofanglotensin-convertingenzyme(ACE)canbe
helpfulinthediagnoslsofsarcoidosis.
101.Whichofthefollowingcranialnerve
is/areinvolvedinGagreflex:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
a)9b)10
c)11
d)12
e)7
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CorrectAnswer-A:BAnswer-(A)9(B)10
Gagreflex
Afferent
Glossopharyngealnerve
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
EfferentVagusnerve
102.Whichofthefollowingis/aretrueabout
Duchenemusculardystrophy:
a)Mentalimpairmentmaypresent
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
b)TSerumCKlevelsc)Cardiomyopathymaybepresent
d)Autosomalrecessivedisorder
e)Onsetduringpuberty
CorrectAnswer-A:B:C
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Answer-(A)Mentalimpairmentmaypresent(B)TSerumCKlevels(C)Cardiomyopathymaybepresent
DuchenneMuscularDystrophy:ThisX-linkedrecessivedisorder
sometimesalsocalledpseudohypertrophicmusculardystrophy.
Age-Before5years
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
C/FProgressiveweaknessofgirdlemuscles
Unabletowalkafterage12
Progressivekyphoscoliosis
Respiratoryfailurein2dor3ddecade
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CardiomyopathyMentalimpairment
103.Trueaboutacuteintermittentporphyria:
a)OccurduetodeficiencyofenzymeHMB-synthase
b)Uroporphyrinispresentinurine
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
c)Abdominalpainiscommonsymptomd)TPorphobilinogenintheurine
e)Leukocytosisisoftenpresent
CorrectAnswer-A:B:C:D
Answer-(A)OccurduetodeficiencyofenzymeHMB-synthase
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
(B)Uroporphyrinispresentinurine(C)Abdominalpainiscommonsymptom(D)TPorphobilinogenintheurine
Deficientenzyme-HMB-synthase
Inheritance-Autosomaldominant
Abdominalpain,themostcommonsymptom.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Cramping,lleus,abdominaldistention,anddecreasedbowelsound.Peripheralneuropathy
Abdominaltenderness,fever,andleukocytosisareusuallyabsentor
mild
Nausea,vomiting,constipation,tachycardia,hypertension,mental
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
symptoms,paininthelimbs,head,neck,orchest;Muscleweakness,sensoryloss,dysuria,andurinaryretentionare
characteris
Tachycardia,hypertension,restlessness,tremors,andexcess
sweatingareduetosympatheticoveractivity.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Investigation-Thediagnosiscanbeconfirmedbydemonstratinganincreased
amountofporphobilinogenintheurine,ALA,Uroporphyrin.
104.ChildPughAcriteriaforclinicalseverity
ofcirrhosisincludes:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
a)Bilirubin<2.0mg/dLb)Prothrombintime>70(%ofcontrol)
c)Serumalbumin2.0-3.0g/dl
d)Presenceofencephalopathy
e)Absenceofascites
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CorrectAnswer-A:B:EAnswer-(A)Bilirubin<2.0mg/dL(B)Prothrombintime>70(%
ofcontrol)(E)Absenceofascites
Assign Assign
Assign
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Parameter1point 2points
3points
Ascitis
Absent Slight
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
MpderateBilirubin(mg/dL)
<2
2-3
>3
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Albumin(g/dL)>3.5
2.8-3.5
<2.8
Prothrombintime
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
<44-6
>6
(secondovercontrol) <1.7
1.7-2.3
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
>2.3orINR
Grade1-2(Mildto
Grade3-4
Encephalopathy
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Nonemoderate
(Severe)
105.AllaretrueaboutAbdominalaneurysm
except:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
a)Atherosclerosisisthecommonestcauseb)Mostcommonlyarisesfromabovethelevelofrenalartery
c)Forasymptomaticaneurysms,repairisindicatedifthediameter
is>5.5cm
d)Endovascularplacementofanaorticstentisuseforrepair
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
e)MostlyasymptomaticCorrectAnswer-B
Answer-B.Mostcommonlyarisesfromabovethelevelofrenal
artery
90%ofabdominalaorticaneurysm(AAA)ofsize>4cmindiameter
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
isduetoatherosclerosis.Malearemorefrequentlyaffectedthanfemale.
Theaneurysmmostcommonlyarisesbelowthelevelofrenalartery.
106.Apatientdiagnosedwithcushing's
syndrome.Dexamatha?sone
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
suppressiontestshoweddecreaseincortisollevelsandcorticotrophin-
releasinghormone(CRH)administration
causesincreasedcortisol
levels.Treatmentoption(s)forthispatient
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
is/are:a)Adrenalectomy
b)Pituitaryirradiation
c)Adrenalglandremoval
d)Stereotacticpituitaryradiosurgery
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
e)SurgicalremovalofectopictissueproducingACTHindifferentorgans
CorrectAnswer-A:B:C:D
Answer-(A)Adrenalectomy(B)Pituitaryirradiation(C)Adrenal
glandremoval(D)Stereotacticpituitaryradiosurgery
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Treatmentofchoice-removalofpituritarycorticotropetumour(transphenoidalapproach)
Pituitaryirradiation
Metyraponeandketoconazole
Adrenocorticalcarcinoma-mitotane
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
107.Inwhichofthefollowingvasculitislung
involvementdoesnotoccur:
a)Eosoniphilicgranulomatosiswithvasculitis
b)Polyarteritisnodosa(PAN)
c)Microscopicpolyangitis
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
d)Granulomatosiswithpolyangitise)Bechetsyndrome
CorrectAnswer-B
Answer-B.Polyarteritisnodosa(PAN)
Microscopicpolyangiitis(microscopicpolyarteritis,hypersensitivity,
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
orleukocytoclasticvasculitis):Thistypeofnecrotizingvasculitisgenerallyaffectsarterioles,capillaries,andvenule.
Wegenergranulomatosis(Granulomatosiswithpolyangitis)-isa
necrotizingvasculitischaracterizedbythetriadof
1. acutenecrotizinggranulomas
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
2. necrotizingorgranulomatousvasculitis3. renaldiseaseintheformoffocalnecrotizingoftencrescentic,
glomerulitis
"Churg-Strausssyndrome(allergicgranulumatosisandangiitis)isa
multisystemdiseaseswithcutaneousinvolvementgastrointestinal
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
tractbleeding,andrenaldisease.108.Drugcausingsclerodermais/are:
a)Bleomycin
b)Pentazocin
c)Polyinylchloride
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
d)Steroide)Tetracycline
CorrectAnswer-A:B:C
Answer-(A)Bleomycin(B)Pentazocin(C)Polyinylchloride
Vinylchloride,bleomycin,pentazocin,organicsolvents,carbidopa,
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
tryptophan,rapeseedoil.109.Whichofthefollowingstatement(s)
is/areregardingAmericanHeart
Association(AHA)Guideline-2015for
cardiopulmonaryresuscitation(CPR)&
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Emergencycardiovascularcare(ECC):a)Chestcompression:ventilationCompressionventilationratio
withoutadvancedairway?rate30:2irrespectiveofrescuer&
ageofpatient
b)Compressionrate-atleast100/min
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
c)FailuretoachieveanETCO2of10mmHgbywaveformcapnographyafter20minutesofresuscitationhasbeen
associatedwithanextremelypoorchanceofreturnof
spontaneouscirculation(ROSC)
d)Limitinterruptionsinchestcompressionstolessthan10
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
secondse)None
CorrectAnswer-C:D
Answer-C,FailuretoachieveanETCO2of10mmHgby
waveformcapnographyafter20minutesofresuscitationhas
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
beenassociatedwithanextremelypoorchanceofreturnofspontaneouscirculation(ROSC)D,Limitinterruptionsinchest
compressionstolessthan10seconds
Compressionrateismodifiedtoarangeofl00to120/min.
Compressionventilationratiowithoutadvancedairway-1or2
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
rescuers30:2FailuretoachieveanETCO2ofI0mmHgbywaveform
capnographyafter20minutesofresuscitationhasbeenassociated
withanextremelypoorchanceofROSCandsurvival.
Theclarifiedrecommendatio-nforcfrestcompressiondepthfor
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
adultsisatleast2inches(Scm)butnotgreaterthan2.4inches(6cm).
110.Apatientofasthmawasoninhaledshort
acting13-agonist.Buttherewasno
significantrelief.Afterthatheaddedlow
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
doseofinhaledsteroidfromlast5daybyMDI,butstillnotresponding.What
youwilladvisehimfornextlineof
treatment:
a)ContinueinhaledshortactingP-agonist
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
b)Addinhaledlongacting13-agonistc)Increasedoseofinhaledcorticosteroid
d)Startoralcorticosteroid
e)Startparenteralcorticosteroid
CorrectAnswer-A:B:C
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Answer-(A)ContinueinhaledshortactingP-agonist(B)Addinhaledlongacting13-agonist(C)Increasedoseofinhaled
corticosteroid
111.Whichofthefollowingclinicalcriteria
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
belongstoHIVstageI:a)Asymptomaticpatient
b)Persistentgeneralisedlymphadenopathy
c)Unexplainedchronicdiarrhoeafor>1mth
d)Unexplainedpersistentfever(>37.5?Cfor>1mth)
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
e)NeutropeniaCorrectAnswer-A:B
Answer-(A)Asymptomaticpatient(B)Persistentgeneralised
lymphadenopathy
WorldHealthOrganization(WHO)clinicalstage-
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
AsymptomaticPersistentgeneralisedlymphadenopathy
112.FullformofSCIWORAis:
a)Spinalcordinjurywithradiographicabnormality
b)Spinalcordinjurywithradiographicaberration
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
c)Spinalcordinjurywithoutradiographicaberrationd)Spinalcordinjurywithoutradiographicabnormality
e)Spinalcordinjurywithvertebralfracturewithradiographic
abnormality
CorrectAnswer-D
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Answer-D.SpinalcordinjurywithoutradiographicabnormalitySCIWORA(SpinalCordInjuryWithoutRadiographicAbnormality)
wasfirstdevelopedand,introducedbyPangandWilbergerwho
usedittodefine'clinicalsmyptomsoftraumaticmyelopathywithno
radiographicorcomputedtomographicfeatutesofspinalfractureor
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
instability.113.Whichofthefollowingis/aretrueabout
breastcarcinomainmaleexcept:
a)Oftenpresentedatadvancedstageatthetimeofdiagnosis
b)Associatedwithgynaecomastia
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
c)Stagingisdifferentthanfemaled)Tamoxifeneisusedintreatment
e)Associatedwithexcessendogenousorexogenousoestrogen
CorrectAnswer-C
Answer-C.Stagingisdifferentthanfemale
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Thefollowingconditionshavebeenreportedtobeassociatedwithanincreasedriskofbreastcancerinmen:chronicliverdisorders,
suchascirrhosis,chronicalcoholism,schistosomiasis;ahistoryof
mumpsorchitis,undescendedtestes,ortesticularinjury;and
feminization,geneticallyorbyenvironmentalexposure.Incontrast,
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
gynecomastiaalonedoesnotappeartobeariskfactor114.Allaretrueaboutmedullarythyroid
carcinomaexcept:
a)Involvestheparafollicularcell
b)Radiosensitive
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
c)Amyloidstromaispresentd)Elevatedlevelofcalcitonin
e)Highlevelofcarcinoembryonicantigen
CorrectAnswer-B
Answer-B.Radiosensitive
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Thesearetumoursoftheparafollicular(Ccells)derivedfromtheneuralcrest.
Thereisacharacteristicamyloidstroma.
Highlevelsofserumcalcitoninandcarcinoembryonicantigenare
producedmedullarytumours.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Calcitoninlevelsfallefterresectionandriseagainwithrecurrencemakingitavaluabletumourmarkerinthefollowupofpatientswith
thisdisease.
Diarrhoeadueto5-hydroxytrptamineorprostaglandins.
TumoursarenotTSHdependentanddonottakeupradioactive
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
iodine.115.TrueaboutCaroli'sdisease:
a)Intrahepaticbileductdilation
b)Jaundicemaybeseen
c)1stSerumalkalinephosphatase
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
d)Notassociatedwithportalhypertensione)Surgeryistreatmentofchoicelocalizedhepaticinvolvement
CorrectAnswer-A:B:C:E
Answer-A,IntrahepaticbileductdilationB,Jaundicemaybe
seenC,1stSerumalkalinephosphataseE,Surgeryistreatment
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
ofchoicelocalizedhepaticinvolvementCongenital,multiple,irregulardilatationsofintrahepaticductswith
stenoticsegmentsinbetween
Complications:intrahepaticstoneformation,bililarysepsis
Associatedwithcongenitalhepaticfibrosisandmedullarysponge
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
kidneyPremalignant
Treatment:
Firstlinetherapy:biliarydrainagewithERCPandPTC
Diffuse:Livertransplantation
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Localized:Segmentalresection116.Trueaboutesophagealvarices:
a)Leftgastricveinisportalvesselinvolved
b)Occuratmidesophaguslevel
c)Occuratpharyngeallevel
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
d)Epigastricveinissystemicveininvolvede)Occuratlowerendofesophagus
CorrectAnswer-A:E
Answer-A,LeftgastricveinisportalvesselinvolvedE,Occurat
lowerendofesophagus
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Thepharynxextendsfromthebaseoftheskulldowntotheinferiorborderofthecricoidcartilage(aroundtheC6vertebrallevel),where
itbecomescontinuouswiththeesophagus.
117.Whichofthefollowingis/arefeatureof
highlyselectivevagotomyincomparison
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
totruncalvagotomywithdrainage:a)Bettertolerated
b)Dumpingismorecommon
c)Diarrheaisless
d)Highrecurrencerate
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
e)OperativemortalityrateverylessCorrectAnswer-A:C:D:E
Answer-A,BettertoleratedC,DiarrheaislessD,Highrecurrence
rateE,Operativemortalityrateveryless
Highlyselectivevagotomy(HSV),alsocalledparietalcellvagotomy
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
orproximalgastricvagotomy.Itpreservesthevagalinnervationtotheantrumandpylorus.
Gastricemptyingofsolidsistypicallynormalinpatientsafterparietal
cellvagotomy.
TherecurrencerateishigherwithHSVthanwithvagotomyand
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
antrectomy.ThemostpopulardrainageprocedureistheHeineke-Mikulicz
pyloroplasty.
118.Whichofthefollowingis/aretrue
regardingparathyroidglandsurgeryin
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
parathyroidadenoma/hyperplasia:a)SuperiorparathyroidglandliesposteriortoRLN
b)Glandcanbedifferentiatedfromsurroundingtissueduetoits
colour
c)Thepresenceofanormalparathyroidglandatoperation
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
indicatesthatthetumorremovedisanadenomaratherthanparathyroidhyperplasia
d)IntraoperativePTHestimationisdonetocheckstatusofgland
removal
e)6%personhave5parathyroidgland
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CorrectAnswer-A:B:C:DAnswer-A,Superiorparathyroidglandliesposteriorto
RLNB,Glandcanbedifferentiatedfromsurroundingtissuedue
toitscolourC,Thepresenceofanormalparathyroidglandat
operationindicatesthatthetumorremovedisanadenoma
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
ratherthanparathyroidhyperplasiaD,IntraoperativePTHestimationisdonetocheckstatusofglandremoval
Thereareusuallyfourparathyroidglands,whichlieontheposterior
surfaceofthethyroid.
Commonsitesforectopicparathyroidsarethethyrothymicligament,
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
superiorthyroidpoles,tracheoesophagealgroove,retroesophagealspace,andcarotidsheath.
119.Videoassistedthoracotomyis/are
commonlyusedfor:
a)Pneumonectomy
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
b)Lungbiopsyc)Hemothoraxwithactivebleeding
d)Repairoflargevesseltearinthorax
e)Diagnosisandstagingofthoracicmalignancies
CorrectAnswer-A:B:C:E
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Answer-A,PneumonectomyB,LungbiopsyC,HemothoraxwithactivebleedingE,Diagnosisandstagingofthoracic
malignancies
Thoracoscopyorvideo-assistedthoracoscopicsurgery:
Pneumonectomy,lobectomyandempyemadrainageareall
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
possible.Lungbiopsyandthetreatmentof-recurentpneumothoraxarethe,
mostfrequentindications.
Thotacotomyisrequiredformanagementofinjuriestothelungs,
heart,pericardium,andgreatvessel.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
120.Whichofthefollowingisincludedin
managementoftraumaticbraininjury:
a)Mannitolinfusion
b)Decompressivecraniectomy
c)CTscan
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
d)Pneumococcalvaccinatione)Antiepileptics
CorrectAnswer-A:B:C:D:E
Answer-A,MannitolinfusionB,Decompressive
craniectomyC,CTscanD,Pneumococcal
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
vaccinationE,AntiepilepticsInitial-
Headup
Loosencollar
Optimiseventilation
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Optimiseelectrolytebalance(hypertonicfluidsifnecessory),treathyperglycemia
Sedation
Seizurecontrol
Intermediate
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
(Mannito/furosemide/hyperventilationstemporisingmeasures)Heavysedation
Paralysis
CSFdrainagebyinsertionofEVD
Cooling
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
FinalInductionofthiopentonecoma
Decompressivecraniectoy
121.Trueregardingurethralinjury:
a)Straddleinjuriesareoftenassociatedwithposteriorure?thral
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
injuriesb)Pelvicinjuriesisfrequentlyassociatedwithanteriorure?thral
injuries
c)Probleminvoiding
d)Initialmanagementisinsertionofasuprapubiccatheter
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
e)Suspectifthereisbloodattheurethralmeatusincaseofpelvicfracture
CorrectAnswer-A:D:E
Answer-(A)Straddleinjuriesareoftenassociatedwithposterior
ure?thralinjuries(D)Initialmanagementisinsertionofa
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
suprapubiccatheter(E)Suspectifthereisbloodattheurethralmeatusincaseofpelvicfracture
Urethralinjuriesaremorecommonincasesofbilateralpelvic
injuries.
Diagnosisofurethralinjuryismadebyahighindexofsuspicionin
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
thepresenceofbloodattheurethralmeatus,inabilitytourinate.Whenbloodlspresentatthemeatus,retrogradeurethrographyaids
inthediagnosisofurethralinjury.
Urethralinjuriesare-
1.posteriorurethra(abovetheurogenitaldiaphragm)
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
2.anteriorurethra(belowtheurogenitaldiaphragm)StentedFoleycatheter-healingoftheurethralinjury.
anteriorurethrainjuriesareassociatedwithstraddleinjuries.
122.Statementtrueaboutcrushinjury&
syndrome:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
a)Oftenseenduringearthquakeb)Myoglobinuriaoccurs
c)Presentsasglomerulonephritis
d)Maycausecompartmentsyndrome
e)Maybeassociatedwithrhabdomyolysis
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CorrectAnswer-A:B:D:EAnswer-(A)Oftenseenduringearthquake(B)Myoglobinuria
occurs(D)Maycausecompartmentsyndrome(E)Maybe
associatedwithrhabdomyolysis
Acrushinjuryoccurswhenabodypartissubjectedtoahighdegree
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
offorceorpressure,usuallyafterbeingsqueezedbetweentwoheavyorimmobileobjects.
Crushinjuryincludeslacerations,fractures,bleedingbruising
compartmentsyndromeandcrushsyrdrome
Associationbetweencrushinjuryrhabdomyolysisandacuterenal
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
failureseeninearthquakeThemyoglobinurialeadstorenalfailutefromtubularobstruction.
123.Onlysimplecholecystectomyis
adequateinwhichstageofgallbladder
cancer
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
a)StageIAb)StageIB
c)StageIII
d)StageIV
e)None
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CorrectAnswer-AAnswer-A.StageIA
AccordingtoTNMstaging,SimplecholecystectomyisdoneforT1a
whichisincludedinstage-I.
T1a-simplecholecystectomy
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
T1b,II&III-ExtendedcholecystectomyIV-Palliativetreatment
124.Highimperforateanusis/areassociated
with:
a)Underdevelopedpelvic&glutealmusculature
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
b)Associatedwithmaldevelopedurinarysystemc)AssociatedwithVACTERLsyndrome
d)Fistulaformationwithbladder
e)Normalanalsphintermechanism
CorrectAnswer-A:B:C:D
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Answer-(A)Underdevelopedpelvic&glutealmusculature(B)Associatedwithmaldevelopedurinary
system(C)AssociatedwithVACTERLsyndrome(D)Fistula
formationwithbladder
Morecommonlythereisfistulatotheurethraorbladderinthemale
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
ortheuppervaginainthefemale.Patientswithhighimperforateanusoftenhavedeficientpelvicand
glutealinnervationandmusculature,ahighincidenceofsacral
anomalies.
Anomaliesofthevertebraeandtheurinarytractoccurintwo-thirdof
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
allpatientswithhighanomalies.ImperforateanusisassociatedwiththeVACTERLsyndrome.
125.TrueaboutMallory-Weisstear:
a)Alcoholismisapredisposingfactor
b)Tearinvolvesuptomuscularismucosa
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
c)Tearinvolvesgastricmucosaneargastro-esophagealjunc-tiond)Associatedwithhiatushernia
e)ImportantcauseofupperGIbleeding
CorrectAnswer-A:C:D:E
Answer-(A)Alcoholismisapredisposingfactor(C)Tear
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
involvesgastricmucosaneargastro-esophagealjunc-tion(D)Associatedwithhiatushernia(E)Importantcauseof
upperGIbleeding
AMallory-Weisstear(MWT)isforcefulorretchingvomitingmay
producealongitudinalmucosaltearimmediatelybelowsquamo
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
columnarjunctionatthecardiaorgastroesophagealjunctionmainlyandalsoinoesophagus.
ETIOLOGY:
Alcoholism
Hiatushernia
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
NSAIDabuseThetearinvolvesthemucosaandsubmucosabutnotthemuscular
layer
126.Whichofthefollowingis/aretrueabout
breastselfexamination:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
a)Performedindifferentpositionslikestanding,sitting,supineetcb)Tsurvivalrate
c)Doneabout2-3daybeforemenstrualcycleinpremeno-pausal
women
d)Itshouldbestartonlyafter35year
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
e)Monthlybreastself-examination(BSE)isrecommendedCorrectAnswer-A
Answer-A.Performedindifferentpositionslikestanding,
sitting,supineetc
Breastself-examination(BSE)hasnotbeenshowntoimprove
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
survivalTheAmericanCancerSocietynolongerracommendsmonthlyBSE
beginningatage20years.
Premenopausalwomenshouldperformtheexamination7-8days
afterthemenstrualperiod.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Thebreastsshouldbeinspectedinitiallywhilestandingbeforeamirrorwiththehandsatthesides,overhead,andpressedfirmlyon
thehipstocontractthepectoralismuscles.
127.VitaminKdependentcoagulation
factor(s)inchildrenis/are:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
a)Factor2b)Factor7
c)Factor8
d)Factor9
e)Factorl0
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CorrectAnswer-A:D:EAns.a.Factor2;b.Factor7;d.Factor9;e.Factorl0
Vit.Kcarboxylatesglutamicacidsoftranslationproductsofvitamin
K-dependentproteins,toproduce?-carboxyglutamate
FactorII,VII,IX&XareprocoagulantProenzymeswhereasproteins
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
C&Sareanticoagulantproenzymes128.ChildcanSwapsobjectfromonehandto
otherin:
a)2-3month
b)5-6month
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
c)6-12Monthsd)12-18Months
e)20-24Months
CorrectAnswer-B
Ans.b.5-6month
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Childcantransferobjectsfromonehandtootherby6-7monthTransferobjectshaniltohanilin5'5months
129.Congenitalhyperbilirubinemiais/are
seenin:
a)Prematurity
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
b)Hypoalbuminaemicstatec)Hepatitis
d)Sepsis
e)Polycythemia
CorrectAnswer-A:C:D:E
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Ans.a.Prematurity;c.Hepatitis;d.Sepsis;e.PolycythemiaAlbuminlessthan3.0mg/dlisriskforhyperbilirubinemia
neurotoxicity
Twoothergroupsofdisordersareassociatedwith
hyperbilirubinemia:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
(1)Unconjugatedhyperbilirubinemiaseenin,Breastmilkjaundice
Bloodgroupincompatibility
Lucey-Driscollsyndrome
Congenitalhypothyroidism
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
UpperintestinalobstructionGilbertdisease
Crigler-Najjarsyndrome
Hereditaryspherocytosis
Non-spherocytichemolyticanemia
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Drug-inducedhyperbilirubinemia(2)Conjugatedhyperbilirubinemiapresentin,
Dubin-Johnsonsyndrome
Rotorsyndrome
Biliaryatresia
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Neonatalhepatitis130.Commoncauseofdistalsmallintestinal
obstructionininfants/child:
a)Meconiumileus
b)Jejunalatresia
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
c)Ilealatresiad)Meckel'sdiverticulum
e)Duodenalatresia
CorrectAnswer-A:B:C:D
Ans.a.Meconiumileu;sb.Jejunalatresia;c.Ilealatresia;d.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Meckel'sdiverticulumTheprimaryetiologiesofcongenitalsmallbowelobstruction
involves:
Abnormalitiesinanatomicdevelopment(jejunoilealstenosis&
atresia)
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Mucussecretion(meconiumileus)Bowelwallinnervation(long-segmentHirschsprungdisease)
MeckeldiverticulumisthemostcommoncongenitalanomalyofGI
tract
131.NotanIntra-articularfracture:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
a)Rolandofractureb)Marchfracture
c)Bennett'sfracture
d)Barton'sfracture
e)Hoffafracture
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CorrectAnswer-BAns.b.Marchfracture
Marchfracture:Fatiguefractureofshaftofsecondorthird
metatarsal
Rolandofractureisathreepartorcomminutedintraarticular
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
fracture-dislocationofthebaseofthumb.Pilonfracture:Itisacommunicatedintra-articularfractureofthe
distalendofthetibia
Bennett'sfracture:Ifisanobliqueintra-articularfractureofthebase
ofthefirstmetacarpalwithsubluxationofthetrapezoid'metacarpal
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
joint"Barton'sfracture(Marginalfracture):Intra-articularfracturesthrough
thedistalarticularsurfaceoftheradius,takingamargin,anterioror
posterior,ofthedistalradiuswiththecarpals,displacedanteriorlyor
posteriorly
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Hoffafracturesareintra-articularandarecharacterisedbyafractureinthecoronalplane
132.Allaretrueaboutsupracondylarfracture
ofhumerusexcept:
a)Posteriorshiftofdistalfragment
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
b)Mediannerveismostcommonnervedamagedc)Injuryofbrachialarterymayoccur
d)Commoninelderly
e)Volkmann'sischemiccontracturemayoccur
CorrectAnswer-D
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Ans.d.CommoninelderlySupracondylarFractureoftheHumerus:
Complications:
Immediate-injurytobrachialartery&injurytonerve(mediannerve-
mostcommon,radialnerve-sometimeaffected)
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Early-Volkmann'sischemiaLatecomplication-Malunion(cubitusvarusdeformity),myositis
ossificans&Volkmann\ischemiccontracture.
Displacement:Thedistalfragmentmaybedisplacedinthefollowing
direction
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
PosteriororbackwardshiftPosteriororbackwardtilt
Proximalshift
Medialorlateralshift
Medialtilt
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Internalrotation133.AllaretrueVolkmannischemic
contractureexcept
a)Ischemicmuscleisreplacedbyfibrous
b)Ulnarnervepalsymaybepresent
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
c)Extensiondeformityofthewrist&fingersd)Flexionatthemetacarpophalangeal
e)Tendontransferhelpsinrestoringmovements
CorrectAnswer-C
Ans.c.Extensiondeformityofthewrist&fingers
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
VOLKMANN'SISCHEMIAEarlycomplicationofsupracondylarfracture.
Ischemicinjurytothemusclesandnervesoftheflexor
compartmentoftheforearm.
D/tocclusionofbrachialartery.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Tissuepressurereadingswithin30mmHgofthepatient'sdiastolicbloodpressure(perfusionpressure
Musclessuppliedbyanteriorinterosseusarteryaremost
susceptible,asitisanendartery.
Mostcommonlyaffectedmuscle:flexorpollicislongus&medial
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
halfofflexordigitorumprofundus.Mediannerveismostcommonlyinvolved.
Treatment:fasciotomy
134.TrueaboutDupuytren'scontracture;
a)Commonlyaffectring&smallfinger
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
b)Mayinvolvepenisc)Involvesmetacarpo-phalangealjoint
d)Kneereflexdiminished
e)Involvesneckflexors
CorrectAnswer-A:B:C
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Ans.a.Commonlyaffectring&smallfinger;b.Mayinvolvepenis;c.Involvesmetacarpo-phalangealjoint
ClinicalFeaturesofDupuytren'scontracture:
Thickenedfibrousbandsfeltovertheulnarsideofthepalm.
Thickeningofplantarfasciaorthatofthepenilefascia(Peyronie's
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
disease).Tendernessovertheinvolvedareaatthebaseofthedigits.
FlexiondeformityattheMCPandPIPjointsofinvolvedfingers
135.Trueaboutcomplexregionalpain
syndrome:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
a)Sudeck'satrophyisanexampleb)Painisoutofproportiontoprecipitatingcause
c)Hyperaesthesiaofskinmaybepresent
d)Adultsareusualsufferer
e)Parasympatheticmediatedenhancementofpain
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CorrectAnswer-A:B:C:DAns.a.Sudeck'satrophyisanexample;b.Painisoutof
proportiontoprecipitatingcause;c.Hyperaesthesiaofskin
maybepresent;d.Adultsareusualsufferer
ComplexRegionalPainSyndrome
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Anumberofclinicalsyndromesappearunderthisheading,includingSudeck'satrophy,reflexsympatheticdystrophy,algodystrophy,
shoulder-handsyndrome&particularlyafteranerveinjury-
causalgia.
Precipitatingcausesaretrauma(oftentrivial),operationor
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
arthroscopy,aperipheralnervelesion,myocardialinfarction,stroke&hemiplegia
Adultsaretheusualsufferersbuttheconditionoccasionallyoccurin
children
136.Failurerateof<2/100womenyearsis/
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
areseen:a)Malecondom
b)Implanon
c)COC
d)Vaginaldiaphragm
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
e)IUCDCorrectAnswer-B:C:E
Ans.b.Implanon;c.COC;e.IUCD
Failurerate2/100womenyearsisseenin:
Lactationalamenorrhoea<2
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CUT380A<0.8LNG20(IUCD)<0.1
Combinedoralpills<0.1
Progestinonlypills1
DMPA&NETinjectables<0.3
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Norplant<0.05Implanon<0.01
Vasectomy<0.15
Tubectomy<0.15
137.Trueaboutbreechpresentation:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
a)Morecommoninprimib)Incidenceisabout7%attermpregnancy
c)Morecommoninpostdatedpregnancy
d)Moreinpelvicanomaly
e)Externalcephalicversiondecreasesincidenceofbreech
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
PresentationCorrectAnswer-D:E
Ans.d.Moreinpelvicanomaly;e.Externalcephalicversion
decreasesincidenceofbreechPresentation
Percentageofbreechattermis3%
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
ETIOLOGY:Prematurity
Factorspreventingspontaneousversion:
Breechwithextendedlegs
Twins
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
OligohydramniosSeptateorbicornuateuterus
Shortcord,relativeorabsolute
IUDoffetus.
Favourableadaptation:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
HydrocephalusPlacentaprevia
Contractedpelvis
Cornu-fundalattachmentoftheplacenta
Unduemobilityofthefetus
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Hydramnios,Multiparaewithlaxabdominalwall.
Fetalabnormality:Trisomies13,18,21,anencephalyandmyotonic
dystrophy
138.Trueabouttreatmentofbacterial
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
vaginosis:a)Metronidazoleisthedrugofchoice
b)Metronidazoleshouldtakeindoseof500mg,orallytwice
adayfor7day
c)Intravaginalclindamycinisused
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
d)Malepartnerisalsotreatedinallcasese)Clotrimazole2%creamisusedintravaginally
CorrectAnswer-B:C
Ans.a.Metronidazoleisthedrugofchoice;b.Metronidazole
shouldtakeindoseof500mg,orallytwiceadayfor7day;c.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
IntravaginalclindamycinisusedMedication--Treatmentshouldincludebothpartners.
OralMetronidazole--500mgorallytwicedailyaftermealsfor7
days.Or2gstat.
Advisabletodefertreatmentduringfirsttrimesterofpregnancy.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Intravaginalclindamycinisused139.Trueaboutgestationalhypertension:
a)ReturntonormalBPwithin12weekofpostpartum
b)BP>140/90mmHg
c)Developbeyondthe20thweekofpregnancy
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
d)Maycontinueevenafterl2weekofdeliverye)Finaldiagnosismadeonlyinpostpartum
CorrectAnswer-A:B:C:E
Ans.a.ReturntonormalBPwithin12weekofpostpartum;b.
BP>140/90mmHg;c.Developbeyondthe20thweekof
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
pregnancy;e.FinaldiagnosismadeonlyinpostpartumGestationalhypertension
Asustainedriseofbloodpressureto140/90mmHgormoreon
atleast2occasions4ormorehoursapartbeyondthe20thweeksof
pregnancyorduringthefirst24hoursafterdeliveryinapreviously
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
normotensivewomaniscalledgestationalhypertension.Itisassociatedmuchhigherincidenceofessentialhypertensionin
laterlifethanpreeclampsia.
Thehypertensiveeffectisactuallyastressresponse.
Perinatalmortalityremainsunaffectedinacaseofgestational
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
hypertension.Thepatientswithgestationalhypertensionaremorelikelytodevelop
hypertensionwiththeuseoforalcontraceptivesorinsubsequent
pregnancies.
B.P.returnstonormalwithin6weeksofdelivery
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
140.TrueaboutstageIbcervixcarcinoma
management:
a)Radiotherapyalone
b)Simplehysterectomyalone
c)Primarychemoradiation
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
d)Wertheimhysterectomy+pelviclymphadenectomye)Simplehysterectomy+adjuvantchemotherapy
CorrectAnswer-C:D
Ans.c.Primarychemoradiation;d.Wertheimhysterectomy+
pelviclymphadenectomy
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
StagesIBandIIACervicalCancerRadiationtherapywithchemotherapygivenatthesametime.
Radicalhysterectomyandremovalofpelviclymphnodeswithor
withoutradiationtherapytothepelvis,pluschemotherapy.
Radicaltrachelectomy.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Chemotherapyfollowedbysurgery.Radiationtherapyalone.
141.TrueaboutMirena:
a)Effectivelifeis5-10yr
b)GivesprotectionagainstHMSTD
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
c)Contraindicatedinsuspectedpregnancyd)Contraindicatedinbreastcarcinoma
e)Usefulincontrollingmenorrhagiainfibroid
CorrectAnswer-A:C:D:E
Ans.a.Effectivelifeis5-10yr;c.Contraindicatedinsuspected
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
pregnancy;d.Contraindicatedinbreastcarcinoma;e.Usefulincontrollingmenorrhagiainfibroid
Thelevonorgestrel-releasingIUS,Mirena,releases20mcgof
levonorgestrelperdayandisapprovedforcontraceptionforup
to5years.Itachieveslocalprogestinconcentrationsthatare
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
~1000-foldhigherthansystemiclevels.ContraindicationsspecifictotheuseofMirenaare:
Acuteliverdiseaseortumor
Knownorsuspectedcarcinomaofthebreast
Hypersensitivitytoanycomponentofthisproduct
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
ContraindicationstoUseofanIntrauterineDevice:Pregnancyorsuspicionofpregnancy
Genitalactinomycosis
Acutepelvicinflammatorydisease
Genitalbleedingofunknownetiology
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
WomanorherpartnerhavingmultiplesexualpartnersApreviouslyinsertedIUDthathasnotbeenremoved
Abnormalitiesoftheuterusresultingindistortionoftheuterinecavity
Postpartumendometritisorinfectedabortioninthepast3months
Knownorsuspecteduterineorcervicalneoplasia,orunresolved
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
abnormalcytologicalsmearUntreatedacutecervicitisorvaginitis,includingbacterialvaginosis,
untilinfectioniscontrolled
Historyofectopicpregnancyorconditionthatwouldpredisposeto
ectopicpregnancy
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
142.Intracytoplasmicsperminjection(ICSI)
is/areusefulinconditionof-
a)Mullerianagenesis
b)Unexplainedinfertility
c)Hostilecervicalmucus
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
d)Oligospermiae)Presenceofspermantibodies
CorrectAnswer-B:D:E
Ans.b.Unexplainedinfertility;d.Oligospermia;e.Presence
ofspermantibodies
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
IndicationsofICSIinmaleinfertilitycomprise:Spermcountlessthan5million/mL.
Decreasedorabsentmotilityofsperms.
Manyabnormalsperms.
PreviousfailedIVF.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Unexplainedinfertility.Asthenopermia,teratospermia
Presenceofspermantibodies
Obstructionofefferentductsystem(male)
Congenitalabsenceofvas(bilateral)
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Fertilisationofcryopreservedoocytes143.Indicationofartificialinsemination
is/are:
a)Malefactorinfertility
b)Unexplainedinfertility
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
c)PCODd)Tubalfactorinfertility
e)Hostilecervicalmucus
CorrectAnswer-A:B:E
Ans.a.Malefactorinfertility;b.Unexplainedinfertility;e.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
HostilecervicalmucusIndicationofartificialinsemination:
Hostilecervicalmucus
Cervicalstenosis
Oligospermiaorasthenospermia
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Immunefactor(maleandfemale)Malefactor-impotencyoranatomicaldefect(hypospadias)but
normalejaculatecabbeobtained
Unexplainedinfertility
Chronicmedicaldisorder
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
HlV-positivemaleorfemale144.TrueaboutEctopicPregnancy:
a)OCPuseincreaserisk
b)IUCDfailureincreasechanceofectopicpregnancy
c)?hCGriseisnotparalleltonormalpregnancy
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
d)TransvaginalUSGis100%diagnostice)MorecommoninPrimi
CorrectAnswer-B:C
Ans.b.IUCDfailureincreasechanceofectopicpregnancy;c.
?hCGriseisnotparalleltonormalpregnancy
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
RISKFACTORS:HistoryofPID
Historyoftuballigation
Contraceptionfailure
Previousectopicpregnancy
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
TubalreconstructivesurgeryHistoryofinfertility
Calendarmethod
ARTparticularlyifthetubesarepatentbutdamaged
IUD(Progestasert)use
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
PreviousinducedabortionTubalendometriosis
DIAGNOSIS:
Bloodexamination:
Hemoglobin
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
ABOandRhgroupingTLC&DLC
ESR
Culdocentesis
Estimationof-hCG
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Sonography:TransvaginalUSG(Mostsensitive)
Absenceofintrauterinepregnancywithapositivepregnancytest.
Fluid(echogenic)inpouchofDouglas
Adnexalmass
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
RarelycardiacmotionColorDopplerSonography:
Ring-of-firepattern
Enhancedbloodflowpattern
Laparoscopy
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
D&CSerumprogesterone
Laparotomy
145.Medicaltreatmentofmyomaincludes:
a)Tamoxifen
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
b)Mifepristonec)LNG-IUD
d)GnRHagonist
e)GnRHantagonist
CorrectAnswer-B:C:D:E
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Ans.b.Mifepristone;c.LNG-IUD;d.GnRHagonist;e.GnRHantagonist
MedicaltreatmentofMyoma:
Mifepristone(RU-486)10-25mgdailyfor3monthcauses
amenorrhoea&shrinkageofthetumorby50%
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Antiprogesterones(Mifepristone)Danazol
GnRHanologs-Agonists(e,ggoserelin,luporelin)&antagonists(e.g
ganirelix&cetrorelix)
LNG-IUS
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Progesteronesynthetaseinhbitors146.TrueaboutMedicalTerminationof
PregnancyinIndia:
a)Canbedoneinanyhospitalbyatrainedobstetrician
b)Onlywomenconsentisneeded,husbandconsentnot
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
mandatoryc)Opinionoftwodoctorsareneededifcarriedafter20weeks
d)Opinionofonedoctorsisneededifcarriedbefore20weeks
e)Bothsurgical&medicalmethodforterminationareavailable
CorrectAnswer-B:E
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Ans.b.Onlywomenconsentisneeded,husbandconsentnotmandatory;e.Bothsurgical&medicalmethodfortermination
areavailable
MedicalTerminationofPregnancy:
TheIndianactpermitsthewilfulterminationofpregnancybeforethe
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
ageoffetalviability(20weeksgestation)forwell-definedindicationTobeperformedbyrecognizedmedicalpractitionersinrecognized
placeapprovedbycompetentauthorityunderact.
TheidentityofpersonktreatedasastatutoryPersonalmatter
Documenttobemaintained:FormI,FormII&admissionregister
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Writtenconsentofwomanisneeded.Husbandconsentisnotrequired.
Incaseofminorgirlorlunaticormentallyretardedwoman,written
consentofherparentsorlegalguardianItobetaken
Bothmedical&surgicalmethodsareused.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Surgicalmethodsinclude-manualvaccumaspiration,suctionevacuation,dilation&evacuation&dilation&curettage.
Medicalmethodincludes-Mifepristonealone,Mifepristone&
misoprostolmethotrexate&misoprostol,Tamoxifen&misoprostol,
misoprostolaloneetc.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
147.Trueaboutemergencycontraceptive:
a)Availableasoverthecounter(OTC)
b)LNGalone,0.75initiallyfollowedbyanother0.75mg12hours
apartisemergencycontraceptivemethodofchoice
c)Ethinylestradiol(EE)shouldbetakenwithin72hours
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
d)CopperIUDisusedwithin5daysofunprotectedsexe)LNG-IUSisoneofbestmethod
CorrectAnswer-A:B:C:D
Ans.a.Availableasoverthecounter(OTC);b.LNGalone,0.75
initiallyfollowedbyanother0.75mg12hoursapartis
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
emergencycontraceptivemethodofchoice;c.Ethinylestradiol(EE)shouldbetakenwithin72hours;d.CopperIUDisused
within5daysofunprotectedsex
Postcoital(emergency)pills:
Levonorgestrel0.5mg+ethinylestradiol0.1mg-->within72hours
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
ofunprotectedintercourseandrepeatedafter12hours-Yuzpemethod.
Levonorgestrelalone0.75mgtakentwicewith12hourgapwithin72
hoursofunprotectedintercourse-->methodofchoicefor
emergencycontraception.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Mifepristone600mgsingledosewithin72hoursofunprotectedintercourse.
Othermethods:-progesteroneonlypill(minipills),IUDinsertion,
Highdoseestrogens.
148.Whichofthefollowingistrueabout
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
changesduringPregnancy:a)Minuteventilation
b)Tidalvolume
c)Minimumalveolarconcentration(MAC)ofanaestheticgases
d)Bloodvolume&RBCvolume
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
e)RespiratoryrateCorrectAnswer-A:B:D
Ans.a.Minuteventilation;b.Tidalvolume;d.Blood
volume&RBCvolume
RESPIRATORYCHANGES:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
PARAMETERSCHANGES
Respirationrate/min
Unaffected
Vitalcapacity(mL)
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
UnalteredTidalvolume(ml)
by40%
Residualvolume(mL)
by20%
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Inspiratorycapacity(IC) by10%Minuteventilation
by40%
Totallungcapacity(mL) by5%
149.Contraindicationofcombinedoral
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
contraceptive(COC)include(s)-a)Severehypertension
b)Ischemicheartdisease
c)Pre-menstrualtension
d)Activeliverdisease
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
e)AllCorrectAnswer-A:B:C:D
Aps.is'a'i.e.,Severehypertensiorr;'b'i.e.,Ischemicheart
disease;&'d'i.c',Activeliverdisease
ContraindicationsofOCPs(WHOguidelines)
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Absolute:Thromboembolismevent,cerebrovascularaccident,coronaryartery
disease,
Breastcancer,
DM(>20yearsduration)
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
ImpendingmajorsurgeryHyperlipidaemia
Pregnancy
Lactation(<6weekspostpartum)
Activeliverdisease,hepatoma
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Uncontrolledhypertensionorwithvasculardiseases>35yearsoldandheavysmoker(>20cigarettes/day)
Migrainewithaura
Diabeticnephropathy/neuropathy/retinopathy
Structuralheartdiseasewithpulmonaryhypertension,AForSABE.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Relative:
Lactation(6weeks-6months)
Controlledhypertension
Undiagnosedvaginalbleeding
Migrainewithoutaura
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
GallbladderdiseaseAge>35yearsandlightsmoker(<20cigarettes/day)
DMwithvascularcomplications.
150.Mostcommoncauseofprimarypost-
partumhemorrhageis:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
a)Uterineatonyb)Uterineinertia
c)Uterineinversion
d)Retainedplacenta
e)Traumatic
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CorrectAnswer-AAns.a.Uterineatony
PrimaryPostpartumHemorrhage:
Atonicuterus:Uterineatonyismostcommon(80%cases)
Grandmultipara
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Overdistensionoftheuterusasinmultiplepregnancy,hydramnios&bigbaby
Uterinefibroid
Placenta:Morbidlyadherentplacenta(accrete,perceta)
Antepartumhaemorrhage(bothplacentapraevia&abruption)
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Prolonglabour,Mismanaged3rdstagelabour151.Screeningtestsforcervicalcancer
includes
a)HPVserology
b)Cervicalbiopsy
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
c)Colposcopyd)Cytology
e)Conisation
CorrectAnswer-A:D
Ans.a.HPVserology;d.Cytology
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CervicalCancerScreening:Papsmear
colposcopytoexaminethecervixandsurroundingstructures
Abiopsymaybeperformedtoremovetissuesamplesfor
examinationinalaboratory.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
ADNAtestmaybeorderedtoseewhetherahigh-riskformofHPVispresent.
Cytoplasmicvacuolizationandnuclearenlargementofcellsisseen
ashistologicfeaturesinHPV-relatedcervicalintraepithelial
neoplasia
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
152.Trueaboutendometriosis:
a)Laparoscopyisgoldstandardfordiagnosis
b)COCisusedtorelievemildPain
c)GnRHantagonistisusedtorelieveseverepain
d)Canbemanagedexpectantlyinasymptomaticcases
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
e)NoneoftheaboveCorrectAnswer-A:B:D
Ans.(A)Laparoscopyisgoldstandardfordiagnosis;(B).COCis
usedtorelievemildPain;(D)Canbemanagedexpectantlyin
asymptomaticcases
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Friendsthisisthemostoftenaskedquestiononendometriosis.Itisworthwhiletoknowafewdetailsonthistopic.
Empiricaltreatment:isforpainpresumedtobedueto
endometriosis.(inabsenceofdefinitivediagnosis)andincludes:--
Counselling
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
1. Analgesia2. Nutritionaltherapy
3. ProgestinorOCP's
Analgesia:StudieshaveshownNSAID'sexceptniflumicacidare
moreeffectiveinchronicpainreliefduetoendometriosisor
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
dysmenorrheasuspectedtobeduetoendometriosis.Hormonalmedicaltreatment:
Basisofmanagement:Sinceestrogenisknowntostimulatethe
growthofendometriosis,hormonaltherapyhasbeendesignedto
suppressestrogensynthesis,therebyinducingatrophyofectopic
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
endometrialimplantsorinterruptingthecycleofstimulationandbleeding.
Indication:--Mildpelvicendometriosisinyoungwomen.?
Treatmentofresidualandrecurrentdiseasefollowingconservative
surgery.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
153.Kobner'sphenomenoncanoccurin:
a)Lichenplanus
b)Vitiligo
c)Psoriasis
d)Bullouspemphigoid
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
e)DicoidlupuserythematosusCorrectAnswer-A:B:C:E
Ans.(A)Lichenplanus(B)Vitiligo(C)Psoriasis(E)Dicoidlupus
erythematosus
[Ref:NeenaKhanna5th/45;Harrison19th/i47,1269;Roxbutg17th/
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
130]Kobne/sphenomenonischaracteristicofpsoriasisbutitisalsoseen
inlichenplanus&discoidlupuserythematosus.
Newlesionoforiginaldiseasedevelopsatsitesoftrauma(scratches,
surgicalincisions6injury)
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Thisphenomenonisseeninpsoriasis,lichenplanus&vitiligoInactivatesactivedisease
154.Allaretrueaboutpompholyxexcept:
a)Itisaformofhand/footeczema
b)Alsocalledasdyshidroticeczema
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
c)Vesicle&blistersarepresentd)Secondarybacterialinfectionarecommon
e)Steroidsshouldnotbeusedasitcanexacerbatethecondition
CorrectAnswer-E
Ans.E.Steroidsshouldnotbeusedasitcanexacerbatethe
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
condition[RefNeenaKhanna5th/115-116;www.dermnetnz.org]
Pompholyx:
Aetiology
Unknown.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
SomepatientswithpompholyxdevelopaVesicularpalmoplantareruptiononingestionofminuteamountofnickel
ClinicalFeatures
Summeraggravation
Recurrentepisodesofdeepseated,bland(withoutinflammation)
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
vesicles(sometimesblister).Eachepisodeself-limitingbutfreshcropsofvesiclesDevelopsuccessively,leavingpatientsymptomatic
forlongperiods
Lesionsoccasionallygetsecondarilyinfected.
Fingers&palms&sometimessola
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Pointfordiagnosis:BasedonRecurrentepisode
Presenceoflandvesicles
Presenceonfingers,palms&soles
Treatment
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
SalinesoakedfollowedbytopicalsteroidsAppropriateantibiotics,ifbacterialinfectionpresent
155.Whichofthefollowingstatement(s)
is/arecorrectregardingmanagementof
malignanthyperthermiaexcept:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
a)Discontinueallanaestheticsimmediatelyb)DantroleneismainstayoftherapyforMH
c)Hyperventilationwith100%oxygenishelpful
d)Sodiumbicarbonateisgiventocorrectalkalosis
e)Correcthyperkalemiabygivingdextrose&insulin
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CorrectAnswer-DAns.D.Sodiumbicarbonateisgiventocorrectalkalosis
MalignantHyperthermia:
DuetoabnormalityoftypeIRyanodinereceptorwhichiscalcium
releasechannelofsarcoplasmicreticulum.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Geneticdiseaseusuallyautosomaldominantbutcanberecessivealso.
PatientwithnormalCKlevelsshouldundergomusclebiopsystudies
(wheremuscleissubjectedtotriggeringfactors(likehalothane&
suxamethonium).
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
TreatmentofMH:Dantrolene-
MainstayoftherapyofMH.
DirectlybindstoRyanodinereceptorinhibitingcalciumrelease
156.Whichofthefollowingis/aretrueabout
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
pre-anaestheticcheckup(PAC):a)Notnecessaryinchildren
b)Usedtoassesspatientconditiontotolerateanaesthesia&
surgery
c)Canbeperformedbysurgicalfaculty
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
d)Relievesanxietyofpatiente)Helpinplanninganaesthesiatechnique
CorrectAnswer-B:D:E
Ans.(B)Usedtoassesspatientconditiontotolerate
anaesthesia&surgery(D)Relievesanxietyofpatient(E)Helpin
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
planninganaesthesiatechniquePACisequallynecessaryininfant&children(infact,evenmore
thanadults).
Infantsareatamuchgreaterriskofanestheticmorbidity&mortality
thanolderchildren;riskisgenerallyinverselyproportionaltoage.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Pre-anaestheticCheckup(PAC):Goals:Toreduceanxiety&educatethepatientaboutanaesthesia
Toobtaininformationaboutpatient\medicalhistory
ToPerformPhysicalexamination
Todeterminewhichtestsarerequired
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Toplonanaesthetictechnique.Toobtaininformedconsent
Togiveanypreoperativeinstructions
157.Whichofthefollowingstatementis/are
trueregardingintravenousfluid:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
a)Ringerlactateiscrystalloidofchoiceforbloodlossreplacementb)Colloidisfluidofchoiceinsevereshock
c)5%Dextroseshouldbeavoidedinheadinjury
d)0.45%salinecontains154mEq/LNa+&154mEq/LCi?
e)Dextrosenormalsaline(DNS)ishypotonic
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CorrectAnswer-A:B:CAns.(A)Ringerlactateiscrystalloidofchoiceforbloodloss
replacement(B)Colloidisfluidofchoiceinsevereshock
(C)5%Dextroseshouldbeavoidedinheadinjury
[Ref:MorganAnaesthesiaSth/1163-66;Ajayyadav5th/12-15;Lee
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Anaesthesia13th/232-33;Miller7th/2799]Colloidsareonlyreservedforsevereshock.
Bloodglucosecontrol:
Hyperglycaemiaisknowntoexacerbatecerebrallacticacidosisand
consequentlyaggravatescerebralischaemiainheadinjury.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Thereforeglucosesolutionsshouldbeavoided.Dextrose:
Aggregateischemicneurologicinjury
Hyperglycemiamayalsoconstituteahormonallymediatedresponse
tomoresevereinjury.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Ringerlactate:Crystalloidofchoiceforbloodlossreplacement.
NormalSaline:
0.9%NaClisotonicsolution
DextroseNormalSaline:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Hypertonic158.Whichofthefollowingis/areusedin
neuroendocrinetumorevaluation:
a)68Ga-DOTA-TOC
b)MIBG
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
c)68Ga-DOTA-NOCd)F-18Fluorodopa
e)68Ga-DOTA-TATE
CorrectAnswer-A:B:C:D:E
Ans.(A)68Ga-DOTA-TOC(B)MIBG(C)68Ga-DOTA-NOC(D)F-
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
18Fluorodopa(E)68Ga-DOTA-TATEGallium68DOTATOC/DOTANOC:
Forimagingofneuroendocrinetumors.
HighersensitivityforGIneuroendocrinetumors
F-18Fluorodopa:Dopamineanalogue:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Themostspecific&sensitiveagentforimagingofneuroendocrinetumorsespeciallypheochromocytoma(adrenal&extra-adrenal)&
neuroblastoma
ScintigraphyofneuroendocrineTumors:
I-131Metaiodobenzylguanidine(MlBG)Sensitivity-77-100%.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
I-123Metaiodobenzylguanidine(MIBG).GlucoseAnalogs2-(fluorine-r8)fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose
(FDG)Uptake
159.USGis/arebasedon:
a)Piezoelectriceffect
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
b)Diamagneticeffectc)Paramagneticeffect
d)Ferromagneticeffect
e)Electromagneticeffect
CorrectAnswer-A
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Ans.A.Piezoelectriceffect[Ref:ReviewRadiologybySumerSethi6th/9-11]
Ultrasonography:
Ultrasonicimage(sonographic/echographic)isbasedonmechanical
oscillationsofthecrystalexcitedbyelectricalpulses(Piezoelectric
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
effect).160.X-rayfeature(s)ofLeftAtrial
Hypertrophy:
a)Bootshapedheart
b)Widenedcarina
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
c)Straightenedleftborderd)Doubleatrialshadow
e)Moneybagappearance
CorrectAnswer-B:C:D
Ans.(B)Widenedcarina(C)Straightenedleftborder(D)Double
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
atrialshadow[Ref:PJM20th/228;DahnertRadiologymanual5th/575,636-
637;ReviewradiologybySumerSethi6th/76-77,80]
X-rayfeatureofleftAtrialHypertrophy:
Doubleatrialshadow(Doubledensityseenthroughrightupper
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
border)Straightenedleftborder
Leftbronchusliftedupwithwidenedcarina
EsophaguscurvingaroundthedilatedLeftatrium.
Splayingofmainstembronchi(i.e.Increasedcarinalangle)
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Smallaorta(duetoincreaseoffuruardcardiacoutput)Normal/UndersizedLV
161.Whichofthefollowingis/arecommon
radiationinducedcancers:
a)Breastcancer
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
b)Gonadalcancerc)Leukaemia
d)Renalcellcarcinoma
e)Prostatecancer
CorrectAnswer-A:B:C
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Ans.(A)Breastcancer(B)Gonadalcancer(C)Leukaemia[Ref:DahnertRadiologymanual7th/574,154,408,313.]
Mostcommonlyoccuringradiation-inducedcancerisLeukemia.
Cancerinductionisthelargestriskofradiationexposure
encounteredinradiology.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Bonemarrow,gastrointestinaltract&mucosa,breasttissue,gonads&lymphatictissuearemostsusceptibletoradiationinduced
malignancy.
Cancerriskishigherforchildrenthanforadults
162.Neologismischaracteristicof:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
a)OCDb)Mania
c)Bipolardisorder
d)Schizophrenia
e)Autism
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CorrectAnswer-DAns.D.Schizophrenia
Neologisms:
Referstoanewwordorcondensedcombinationofseveralwords
thatisnotatrueword&isnotreadilyunderstandable,although
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
sometimestheintendedmeaningorpartialmeaningmaybeapparent.
Featureofschizophrenia(thought&speechdisorder)
163.Goodprognosisinschizophreniais/are
seenin:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
a)Negativesymptomsb)Earlyonset
c)Acuteonset
d)Familyhistoryofschizophrenia
e)Insidiousonset
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CorrectAnswer-CAns.C.Acuteonset
[RefNeerajAhuja7th/62;Kaplan&SadockSynopsisofpsychiatry
1|th/318]
GoodPrognosisinSchizophrenia:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Lateonset(Onset>35yr)Shortduration(<6months)
Obviousprecipitatingfactors
Acuteonset/Abruptonset
Goodpremorbidsocial,sexuaIandworkhistories
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Mooddisordersymptoms(especiallydepressivedisorders)
Married
Familyhistoryofmooddisorders
Goodsocialsupportsystems
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Positivesymptoms:Presenceofprecipitatingstressor
Catatonicsubtype(paranoid-intermediateprognosis)
Firstepisode
Pyknic(fat)body
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
FemalesexPresenceofconfusion,perplexityordisorientationintheacute
phase
NormalcranialCT
Outpatienttreatment-Propertreatment&goodresponseto
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
treatment164.TrueaboutAlprazolam:
a)Antidepressant
b)Antipsychotic
c)Anti-anxiety
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
d)Hypnotice)Benzodiazepine
CorrectAnswer-C:D:E
Ans.(C)Anti-anxiety(D)Hypnotic(E)Benzodiazepine
[RefNeerajAhuja7th/ljL;KDT7th/465;Kaplan&Sailock\Synopsis
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
ofPsychiatryI1th/949]Alprazolam:
AntianxietyDrug
Hypnotic
Anticonvulsant
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
165.Feature(s)ofDelusion:
a)Shakeable
b)Truebelief
c)Falsebelief
d)Bizarre
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
e)Non-bizarreCorrectAnswer-C:D:E
Ans.(C)Falsebelief(D)Bizarre(E)Non-bizarre
[Ref'NeerajAhuja7th/83-84;Kaplan&Sadock\Synopsisof
Psychiatry1lth/202,330-351]
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Delusion:Falseunbelievablebeliefs(falsefixedbeliefsnotinkeepingwiththe
culture).
DiagnosisofdelusionaldisorderismadewhenapersonexhibitNon
Bizarredelusionsofatleast1monthdurationthatcannotbe
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
attributedtootherpsychiatricdisorders.invalidquestionid