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Download PGI PG 2020 May Anatomy Solved Question Paper

Download PGIMER (Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh) 2020 May Anatomy Solved Question Paper

This post was last modified on 11 August 2021

1.Whichofthefollowingstatement(s)is/are
FALSEaboutgenitor-urinaryanatomy?
a)Superficialdorsalpenilearteryisabranchofbulbourethral
artery
b)Penileskinissuppliedbysuperficialexternalpudendalartery

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c)Penisreceivesthreevenousdrainagesystems
d)Thereare5urethralsphinctersinchildren
e)Nervesupplyofpenisincludespelvicsplanchnicnerves
CorrectAnswer-A:D
Ans.is'a'i.e.,Superficialdorsalpenilearteryisabranchof

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bulbo-urethralartery&'d'i.e.,Thereare5urethralsphinctersin
children
Vasculature&Innervationofpenis
A.Arterialsupply:mainlybybranchesoftheinternalpudendal
artery(branchofanteriordivisionoftheinternaliliacartery).

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DorsalArteriesofpenissupplyingthefibroustissuearoundcorpora
andskinofpenis.
Deeparteriesofpenis(cavernousarteryorarterytocruraofpenis):
theypiercethecruraandrunwithinthecorporacavernosa,thus
supplyingtheerectiletissue.

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Arteryofbulbofpenis(Bulbo-urethralartery):supplyposteriorpart
ofcorpusspongiosum+Cowper'sglands
SuperficialeirDeepbranchesofexternalpudendalartery(branchof
femoralartery):supplypenileskin
B.Venusdrainage:Thepenisisdrainedbythreevenous

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systems:superficial,intermediate,anddeep.

SUPERFICIALveins:drainsintotheleftsaphenousvein.Veinsfrom
moresuperficialtissuemaydrainintotheexternalsuperficial
pudendalveins.
INTERMEDIATEsystemcontainsthedeepdorsalandcircumflex

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veins,lyingwithinandbeneathBuck'sfascia.
DEEPdrainagesystemconsists:
1. Cruralveins
2. Cavernosalveins
3. Theinternalpudendalveins

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C.Lymphaticdrainage:
Glansdrainintothedeepinguinalnodes.
Fromrestofthepenislymphdrainsintothesuperficialinguinal
nodes.
D.Nervesupply

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a)Somaticsupply:
Skinofthepenisissuppliedbypudendalnerveviadorsalnerveof
penisandposteriorscortalnerve.
Asmal areaonthedorsumofproximalpenis(root):ilionguinal
nerve.

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Themuslces,bulbocavernosusandischeocavernosus:perineal
branchofpudendalnerve.
b)Parasympathetic:Itisresponsibleforerectionandisderivedfrom
pelvicsplanchnicnerves(S2S3S4).
c)Sympathetic:Itisresponsibleforejaculation(initialpart)andis

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derivedfromLlsegmentviasuperiorandinferiorhypogastricplexus.

2.4thAorticarchisresponsibleforthe
formationof?
a)Archofaorta
b)Pulmonaryartery

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c)Pulmonaryvein
d)Subclavianartery
e)Subclavianvein
CorrectAnswer-A:D
Ans.is'a'i.e.,Archofaorta&'d'i.e.,Subclavianartery

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AorticarchIV:Therightandleftsidedevelopdifferently:
1. LeftaorticarchIVformspartofarchofaortawhichliesbetweenleft
commoncarotidandleftsubclavianarteries.
2. RightaorticarchIVformsmostproximalpartofrightsubclavian
artery(distalpartisformedbyrightdorsalaortaandright7th

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cervicalintersegmentalartery).Theleftsubclavianarteryisformed
byleft7thcervicalintersegmentalartery.
Aboutotheroptions
1. Pulmonaryartery-5thaorticarch
2. Pulmonaryvein-pulmonaryveinsdevelopindependently(duringthe

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formationofseptumprimum.
3. Subclavianvein-Subclavianveinsareformedby7thcervical
intersegmentalvein


3.Allaretrueregardingrenalanatomy

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EXCEPT?
a)Leftkidneyisrelatedtoboth11th&12thribs
b)Longaxisislateralandupwards
c)Suppliedbyanteriorsegmentalartery
d)Suppliedbyrectalplexus

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e)Bothkidneysmoveinoppositedirectionduringrespiration
CorrectAnswer-B:D:E
Ans.is'b'i.e.,Longaxisislateralandupwards,'d'i.e.,Supplied
byrectalplexus&'e'i.e.,Bothkidneysmoveinopposite
directionduringrespiration

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LOCATION
ArterialSupply:
Eachkidneyissuppliedbyrenalarteries,leftandright,which
branchfromleft&rightphrenicarterywhichbranchdirectlyfrom

theabdominalaorta.

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Posterior,apical,upperanterior,middleanteriorandlowerare
5segmentsofvascularsupplyineachkidney
Kidneysreceiveapproximately20%ofthecardiacoutput.
RenalarterySegmentalarteriesInterlobararteries(penetrate
therenalcapsuleandextendthroughtherenalcolumnsbetweenthe

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renalpyramids)
InterlobararteriessupplyArcuatearteries(runthroughthe
boundaryofthecortexandthemedul a)Interlobulararteries
Afferentarterioles(supplytheglomeruli).
Branchesofrenalarteryareendarteries.

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RightrenalarteryislongerandpassesbehindIVC.
NERVESUPPLY:
Kidneyissuppliedbyrenalplexus,anoffshootofcoelicplexus.

4.Truestatementregardinganatomyof
nasolacrimalapparatusis/are?

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a)Nasolacrimalductopensininferiormeatus
b)Thereisupper&lowercanaliculus
c)Mostpeoplehavecommoncanaliculus
d)CanaliculusislinedbyCiliarystratifiedcolumnarepithelium
e)Nasolacrimalductisfracturedinmostheadandneckinjuries

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CorrectAnswer-A:B:C:E
Ans.is'a'i.e.,Nasolacrimalductopensininferiormeatus,'b'
i.e.,Thereisupper&lowercanaliculus,'c'i.e.,Mostpeople
havecommoncanaliculus&`e'i.e.,Nasolacrimalductis
fracturedinmostheadandneckinjuries

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Nasolacrimal(drainage)apparatusconsistsof:
1. Lacrimalcanaliculi
2. Lacrimalsac
3. Nasolacrimalduct
Lacrimalcanaliculi

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Therearetwolacrimalcanaliculi-superiorandinferioroneachside.
Theyunitetoformacommoncanaliculusanddrainviathesinusof
Maierintothelacrimalsacposteriortothemedialpalpebralligament
andanteriortotheorbicularisoculimuscle.
Itislinedbystratifiedsquamousepitheliumsupportedbyelastic

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tissue.
Lacrimalsac:
Thelacrimalsacliesinthelacrimalfossaontheinferomedialaspect
ofthebonyorbitbetweentheposteriorandanteriorlacrimalcrests.


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Thesacreceivesthelacrimalcanaliculibeforeitdrainsviathevalve
ofKrauseintothenasolacrimalduct.
Nasolacrimalduct
Thenasolacrimalductistheinferiorcontinuationofthelacrimalsac
2parts:

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1. intraosseouspart(12mm):lieswithinthenasolacrimalcanalofthe
maxil a
2. membranouspart(3-5mm):runsinthenasalmucosa;terminates
belowtheinferiornasalmeatusasaslit-likeopeningwhereitis
coveredbyamucosalfoldcal edthevalveofHasner

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5.Posteriorinterosseousnervesupplies?
a)Extensorcarpiradialislongus
b)Extensorcarpiradialisbrevis
c)Extensorcarpiulnaris
d)Brachioradialis

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e)Extensorpol icislongus
CorrectAnswer-B:C:E
Ans.is'b'i.e.,Extensorcarpiradialisbrevis,'c'i.e.,Extensor
carpiulnaris&`e'i.e.,Extensorpollicislongus
Theposteriorinterosseousnerveisapuremotornerve

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andinnervatessupinator&extensorcarpiradialis.
Itsupplies:?
1. Extensorcarpiulnaris
2. Extensordigitorum
3. Extensordigitiminimi

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4. Abductorpol icislongus
5. Extensorpol icislongusandbrevis
6. Extensorindicis

6.Cavernoussinusreceivesbloodfrom?
a)Superiorophthalmicvein

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b)Superiorpetrosalsinus
c)Inferiorpetrosalsinus
d)Spheno-parietalsinus
e)Basilarplexusofveins
CorrectAnswer-A:D

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Ans.is'a'i.e.,Superiorophthalmicvein&'d'i.e.,Spheno-
parietalsinus
Tributaries(incomingchannels)ofcavernoussinus
1. Superiorophthalmicvein
2. Abranchofinferiorophthalmicveinorsometimesveinitself.

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3. Centralveinofretina(itmayalsodrainintosuperiorophthalmic
vein).
4. Superficialmiddlecerebralvein.
5. Inferiorcerebralvein.
6. Sphenoparietalsinus

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7. Frontaltrunkofmiddlemeningealvein(itmayalsodraininto
pterygoidplexusorintosphenoparietalsinus).


7.InnerWaldayer'sringincludes?
a)Jugulo-diagastricnodes

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b)Jugulo-omohoidnodes
c)Palatinetonsil
d)Tubaltonsil
e)Pharyngealtonsil
CorrectAnswer-C:D:E

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Ans.is'c'i.e.,Palatinetonsil,'d'i.e.,Tubaltonsil&`e'i.e.,
Pharyngealtonsil

8.Structure(s)passingthroughaortic
openingintothechestinclude?
a)Thoracicduct

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b)Azygousvein
c)Hemiazygousvein
d)Esophagus
e)Inferiorvenacava
CorrectAnswer-A:B

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Ans.is'a'i.e.,Thoracicduct&'b'i.e.Azygousvein
Theaortichiatusisaholeinthediaphragm.Itisthelowestand
mostposteriorofthelargeapertures.
Itislocatedapproximatelyatthelevelofthetwelfththoracic
vertebra(T12).

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Throughitpassestheaorta,theazygosvein,thethoracicduct,and
hemi-azygosveinpassesthroughtheleftcrus.

9.ConstituentsofRotatorcuffincludesall
EXCEPT?
a)Teresmajor

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b)Teresminor
c)Supraspinatus
d)Infraspinatus
e)Subscapularis
CorrectAnswer-A

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Ans.is'a'i.e.,Teresmajor
Eachoneofthesemusclesispartoftherotatorcuffandplays
animportantrole:
Supraspinatus.Thisholdsyourhumerusinplaceandkeepsyour
upperarmstable.Andhelpsliftyourarm.

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Infraspinatus.Thisisthemainmusclethatletsyourotateand
extendyourshoulder.
TeresMinor.Thisisthesmal estrotatorcuffmuscle.Itsmainjobis
toassistwithrotationofthearmawayfromthebody.
Subscapularis.Thisholdsyourupperarmbonetoyourshoulder

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bladeandhelpsyourotateyourarm,holditstraightoutandlowerit.



10.NotTRUEstatementregardingparotid
glandis/are?
a)Deeplobecontainsdeeplymphatics

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b)Dividedintosuperficialanddeeplobesbyfacialnerve
c)Parotidductopensoppositetotheseconduppermolar
d)Ectodermalinorigin
e)Auriculotemporalnerveisthemainsensorynerve
CorrectAnswer-A

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Ans.is'a'i.e.,Deeplobecontainsdeeplymphatics
Development:
Parotidglandisthefirstsalivaryglandtoappear,inearly6'week.
Itisectodermalinoriginanddevelopsfromthebuccalepithelium
justlateraltotheangleofmouth

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Structuresemergingfromparotid
Thefollowingstructuresemergefromtheparotidgland:
Anteriorborder:
Parotidduct
3Terminalbranchesoffacialnerve:

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Thezygomaticandbuccalbranches:towardthetemporalregion,
eyelidsandcheek,respectively.
Mandibularbranch:Runalongthebodyofthemandibletowardsthe
mouth
Apex:

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5thterminalbranchoffacialnerve:Cervicalbranchcontinuesinto
theneck(toplatysma).
Anterior&posteriordivisionsofretromandibularvein

Posteriorborder:
Posteriorauricularnerve

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Posteriorauricularartery
Posteriorauricularvein
Alongbase:
superficialtemporalartery
temporalbranchoffacialnerve

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Auriculotemporalnerve
STRUCTURESWITHINGLAND:
Arteries:
Externalcarotidarteryentersthroughposteromedialsurface
Maxil aryartery

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Superficialtemporalvessel
Posteriorauricularartery
Veins:
Theretromandibularveins
FacialNerve

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ParotidDuct(Stenson'sduct)
Theductturnsopensintothevestibuleofthemouth(gingivo-buccal
vestibule)oppositethecrownoftheupper2ndmolartooth
Nervesupply:
PARASYMPATHETIC:auriculotemporalnerve

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SYMPTHETICSUPPLY-plexusaroundtheexternalcarotidartery.
SENSORYNERVES:auriculotemporalnerve,exceptforparotid
fascia&overlyingskinwhichareinnervatedbyGreatauricular
nerve(C2,C3).

11.Externalanalsphincterisinnervatedby?

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a)S2,S3,S4
b)S2,S3
c)S1,S2
d)L5,Sl
e)L2,L3

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CorrectAnswer-A
Ans.is'a'i.e.,S2,S3,S4
AnalSphincters:
Twosphincters,internalandexternal,surroundtheanalcanal:
A.Internalsphincter(sphincteraniinternus):

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Involuntary
Sympatheticfibersthroughsuperiorhypogastricplexusa
Parasympatheticfibersfrompelvicsplanchnicnerves(S2S3S4).
B.Externalsphincter(sphincteraniexternus)
Voluntary

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Surroundstheentirelengthofanalcanal
Inferiorrectalnerve(S2S3S4)andperinealbranch

12.Apatienthadalesioninthewrist.On
examinationthethumbwaslaterally
rotated&adducted,withapethumb

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deformity.Whichisthenerveinvolved?
a)Median
b)Ulnar
c)Radial
d)Postinterosseousnerve

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e)None
CorrectAnswer-A
Ans.is'a'i.e.,Median
Apethumb(Simianthumb)deformity:-
TheApeHandDeformityiscausedbydamagetothedistalmedian

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nerve(alsocal edaMedianClawlesion),andsubsequentloss
ofopponenspol icismusclefunction.
Thethumbisadductedandlateral yrotatedsothatthethumbliesin
thesameplaneastheotherfingers.Itisduetooveractionof
adductorpol icis(suppliedbyulnarnerve).

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13.Springligamentrefersto?
a)Plantarcalcaneonavicularligament
b)Shortplanterligament
c)Longplanterligament
d)Both'b'&'c'

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e)None
CorrectAnswer-A
Ans.is'a'i.e.,Plantarcalcaneonavicularligament
Thespringligament(Plantarcalcaneonavicularligament)isagroup
ofligamentswhichconnectcalcaneumtonavicular.

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Itconsistsof:?
1. Superomedialligament.
2. Medioplantarobliqueligament(medialor
intermedialcalcaneonavicularligament).
3. Inferoplantarlongitudinalligament(Lateralcalcaneonavicular

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ligament).

14.WhichofthefollowingisNOTacontentof
medialwallofmiddleear?
a)Ovalwindow
b)Roundwindow

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c)Processuscochlearformis
d)Aditus&antrum
e)NotchofRivinus
CorrectAnswer-D:E
Ans.is'd'i.e.,Aditus&antrum&'e'i.e.,NotchofRivinus

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Medialorinnerlabyrinthicwallofmiddleear
(Parieslabyrinthica):
Itisformedbythelateralwal oflabyrinth.
Itpresentsfollowingstructures:
1. Promontory:Itisabonybulgewhichisduetothebasalcoilof

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cochlea.Tympanicplexuspresentoverit.
2. Ovalwindow(fenestravestibuli/ovalis):
3. Thefootplateofstapes
4. Roundwindow(fenestracochleae/rotunda):coveredbythe
secondarytympanicmembrane.

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5. Horizontaltympanicpartoffal opiancanalforfacialnerve
6. Thetympanicsegmentoffacialnervecanal
7. Lateralsemicircularcanal
8. Processuscochleariformis
Thetendonoftensortympanitakesaturnonthisprocessandthen

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isinsertedontheneckofmal eus.
Processuscochleariformisisanimportantsurgicallandmarkforthe

levelofthegenuofthefacialnerve.

15.Pronatorquadrateshassame
innervationsasfollowingmuscles?

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a)Flexorpol icislongus
b)Flexordigitorumsuperficialis
c)Palmarislongus
d)Flexordigitorumprofundusofmiddlefinger
e)Flexorcarpiulnaris

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CorrectAnswer-A:B:C:D
Ans.is'a'i.e.,Flexorpollicislongus,'b'i.e.,Flexordigitorum
superficialis,'c'i.e.,Palmarislongus,'d'i.e.,Flexor
digitorumprofundusofmiddlefinger
Al theflexormusclesoftheforearmaresuppliedbymediannerve,

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excepttheflexoraulnarisandthemedialhalfofflexor
digitorumprofundustotheulnartwofingers(4th&5thfinger).
MEDIANNERVEINNERVATONS:
Themediannerveinnervatesthemajorityofthemusclesin
theanteriorforearm,andsomeintrinsichandmuscles.

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AnteriorForearm
Innervatesmusclesinthesuperficialandintermediatelayers:
Superficiallayer:Pronatorteres,flexorcarpiradialisandpalmaris
longus.
Intermediatelayer:Flexordigitorumsuperficialis.

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Themediannervealsogivesrisetotheanteriorinterosseous
nerve,whichsuppliesthedeepflexors:
Deeplayer:Flexorpol icislongus,pronatorquadratus,andthe
lateralhalfoftheflexordigitorumprofundus(themedialhalfofthe

muscleisinnervatedbytheulnarnerve).

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Hand
Themediannerveinnervatessomeofthemusclesinthehand
viatwobranches.
Therecurrentbranch:Thenarmuscles
Thepalmardigitalbranch:Innervatesthelateraltwolumbricals.

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16.Supination&pronationdoesn'ttakeplace
at?
a)Superiorradioulnarjoint
b)Middleradioulnarjoint
c)Inferiorradioulnarjoint

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d)Radiocarpaljoint
e)Midcarpaljoint
CorrectAnswer-D:E
Ans.is'd'i.e.,Radiocarpaljoint&`e'i.e.,Midcarpaljoint
Forearmrotation(supinationpronation)occursatradio-ulnarjoint

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complexi.e.Superior(proximal)radioulnarjoint,Inferior(distal)
radioulnarjoint&Middleradioulnarjoint.
Movement:Musclesresponsibleformovements
Supination
Supinator(whenelbowisextended)

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Bicepsbrachi (whenelbowisflexed)
Brachioradialis(supinatesthepronatedforearmtomidprone
position)
Pronation
Pronaterteres(rapidpronator)

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Pronatorquadrates(strongpronator)
Brachioradialis(pronatesthesupinatedforearmtomidprone
position)

17.

Occlusionoccursat2ndpartofaxillary

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artery,bloodflowismaintainedbywhichof
thefollowinganastomosis?
a)Suprascapularartery&postcircumflexhumeralartery
b)Anteriorandposteriorcircumflexhumeralartery
c)Circumflexscapularandposteriorcircumflexhumeralartery

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d)Deepbranchofthetransversecervicalarteryandsubscapular
artery
e)Anteriorcircumflexarteryandsubscapularartery
CorrectAnswer-A:D
Ans.is'a'i.e.,Suprascapularartery&postcircumflexhumeral

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artery&'d'i.e.,Deepbranchofthetransversecervicalartery
andsubscapularartery
Anastomosisaroundscapulaprovidesbloodsupplytodistalpartif
firstorsecondpartofaxil aryarteryisblocked.
Anastomosisaroundscapulaconnectsthefirstpartofsubclavian

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arterywiththirdpartofaxil aryartery.
AnastomosisAroundScapula
Connects1stpartofsubclavianwith3rdpartofaxil aryartery.
Aroundbodyofscapula
1. Suprascapular(branchof1stpartofsubclavian).

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2. Deepbranchoftransversecervical(branchofthyrocervicaltrunk
fromIstpartofsubclavian).
3. Circumflexscapular(branchofsubscapular,branchof3rdpartof
axil ary).
Ontheacromionprocess

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1. Acromialbranchofthoracoacromial(branchof2ndpartofaxil ary).
2. Ascendingbranchofposteriorcircumflexhumeral(branchof3rd
partofaxil ary).
3. Acromialbranchofsuprascapular(branchof1stpartofsubclavian).

18.Trueregardingredpulpofspleenis/are?

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a)Periarteriolarlymphoidsheaths
b)B-cel containinglymphoidfol icles
c)Perisinusoidalmacrophages
d)Composedofsinusoidsandspleniccords
e)RemovalofoldRBCsandmodificationofnewcel s

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CorrectAnswer-C:D:E
Ans.is'c'i.e.,Perisinusoidalmacrophages,'d'i.e.,Composed
ofsinusoidsandspleniccords&`e'i.e.,RemovalofoldRBCs
andmodificationofnewcells
STRUCTUREOFSPLENICPARENCHYMA

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Thespleencomprisesmanyunitsofredpulp&whitepulp,which
arecentredaroundcentralarterioles(smal erbranchesofsplenic
artery).
Redpulp
Redpulpcontainslargenumberofvenoussinusoidsdraininginto

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tributariesofsplenicvein.
Venoussinusoidsarelinedbyendothelialstavecel swhichform
incompletelayer&presentintracel ularslitsb/wthemthroughwhich
bloodcanpercolate.
Surroundingthesinusesistheparenchyma,whichcontains

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lymphocytes,macrophages,plasmacel s,etc.
Itmetabolizessenescentredbloodcel s(erythrocytes).
Adjacentbloodspacescontainbloodcel sandarrangedincords
cal edspleniccordsofbil roth(spleniccordsofreticulinfibers).

19.Posteriorinterosseousnervesuppliesall

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except:
a)Extensorcarpiradialislongus
b)Extensorcarpiulnaris
c)Extensordigitorum
d)Extensorindices

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e)Flexorcarpiulnaris
CorrectAnswer-A:E
Ans.(a)Extensorcarpiradialislongus,(e)Flexorcarpiulnaris
Theposteriorinterosseousnerveisapuremotornerve
andinnervatessupinator&extensorcarpiradialis.

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Itsupplies:?
1. Extensorcarpiulnaris
2. Extensordigitorum
3. Extensordigitiminimi
4. Abductorpol icislongus

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5. Extensorpol icislongusandbrevis
6. Extensorindicis

20.Muscle'sofanteriorcompartmentofleg
is/are:
a)Peroneustertius

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b)Peroneusbrevis
c)Peroneuslongus
d)Flexordigitorumlongus
e)Flexorhal ucislongus
CorrectAnswer-A

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Ans.(a)Peroneustertius
The4musclesintheanteriorcompartmentofthelegare-thetibialis
anterior,extensordigitorumlongus,extensorhal ucislongus,and
fibularis(Peroneus)tertius


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21.Branchesofinternalcarotidarterydirectly
arisingfromit:
a)Posteriorcommunicatingartery
b)Superiorhypophysealartery
c)Inferiorhypophysealartery

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d)PosteriorcerebralArtery
e)RecurrentarteryofHeubner
CorrectAnswer-A:B:C
Ans.(a)Posteriorcommunicatingartery,(b),Superior
hypophysealartery,(c)Inferiorhypophysealartery

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InternalCarotidArteryBranches:
Ophthalmicartery
Posteriorcommunicatingartery
Anteriorchoroidalartery
Anteriorcerebralartery:Orbital;FrontalandParietalbranches

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Middlecerebralartery:Deeporperforatingbranch;temporalbranch;
FrontalbranchandParietalbranches



22.


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Cross-sectionofmedullaatthelevelofmid-
olivarysectionthroughtheflooroffourth
ventriclecontainswhichofthefollowing
structure?
a)Trapezoidbody

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b)Dorsalnucleusofvagus
c)Nucleusoftractussolitarius
d)Nucleusambigus
e)Superiorvestibularnucleus
CorrectAnswer-B:C:D

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Ans.(b)Dorsalnucleusofvagus,(c)Nucleusoftractussolitarius,
(d)Nucleusambiguus

23.Correctstatementaboutmeiosis:
a)Somaticcel snotdividebymeiosisbecausenumberof
chromosomesreducestohalf

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b)Occuringermcel whichresultinhaploidcel s
c)Onespermatocyteproducesonespermandoneoocyte
producesoneovum
d)Germcel undergoesdivisiontoformdiploidcel andincrease
theirnumber

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e)Bodyneedsmeiosistoproducelargeno.ofeggsandsperms
CorrectAnswer-A:B:E
Ans.(a)Somaticcellsnotdividebymeiosis(b)Occuringerm
cellwhichresult(e)Bodyneedsmeiosistoproduce.
Meiosis:

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Meiosisisatypeofcel divisionthatreducesthenumberof
chromosomeslntheparentcel byhalfandproducesfourgamete
cel s.
Thisprocessisrequiredtoproduceeggand,spermcel forsexual
reproduction

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Meiosisbeginswithaparentcel thatlsdiploidandformsfour
daughtercel sthatarehaploid,whichhavehalfthenumberof
chromosomesofthediploidcel s.

24.Allaretrueaboutvestibularnerveexcept:
a)Ithastwodivision-superiorandinferiorvestibular

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b)Vestibularnucleisituatedatjunctionofponsandmedul a
c)Nervefibresrelayatscarpa'sganglion
d)Nucleusliesinmidbrainnearaqueduct
e)None
CorrectAnswer-D

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Ans.(d)Nucleusliesinmidbrainnearaqueduct
Vestibularnerve:
Themainnervedividesatandwithinthevestibular(Scarpa's)
ganglionintosuperiorandinferiordivision,whichareconnectedby
anisthmus

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Vestibularnucleiislocatedinfloorof4thventricle&issuppliedby
PICA.
Vestibularganglionisalsok/aScarpa'sganglion.
Vestibularnerveanastomosewithcochlearandfacialnerve.

25.Whichflexortendonzoneinhandis

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knownasNoman'sland?
a)ZoneI
b)ZoneII
c)ZoneIII
d)ZoneIV

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e)ZoneV
CorrectAnswer-B
Ans.(b)ZoneII
ZoneIIextendsfromthemiddleofthemiddlephalanxtodistal
palmarcrease.Itcontainsbothflexortendonsuperficialisandflexor

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tendonprofundus.
Ithasbeencal edNoMan'sLand.'or"NoMan'sZonebecause
repairinthiszoneisverydifficult.

26.Content(s)ofaortichiatus?
a)Thoracicduct

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b)Aorta
c)Vagusnerve
d)Inferiorvenacava
e)Azygosvein
CorrectAnswer-A:B:E

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Ans.(a)Thoracicduct,(b)Aorta,(e)Azygosvein
TheaortichiatussituatedatthelevelofT12vertebra.
Structurespassingthroughaortichiatusalongwithaortaare:
Thoracicduct
Azygosvein

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Hemiazygosvein

27.Trueabouttrochlearnerve:
a)Arisefromventralaspectofbrainstem
b)EntersorbitthroughannulusofZinn
c)Lesioncausesdiplopia

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d)Nucleusofthetrochlearnerveislocatedinthecaudal
mesencephalonbeneaththecerebralaqueduct
e)Damagecausesipsilateralpalsyofsuperiorobliquemuscle
CorrectAnswer-C:D
Ans.(c)Lesioncausesdiplopia,(d)Nucleusofthetrochlear

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nerveislocatedinthecaudalmesencephalon
Thetrochlearnervehascertainuniquefeatures:
Itistheonlycranialnervewhosefibersoriginatetotal yfromthe
contralateralnucleus.
Itistheonlycranialnervetoemergefromthedorsalsurfaceofthe

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brainstem.
Itisthemostslenderofal thecranialnerves.
Ithasthelongestintraduralcourseamongthethreeextraocular
motornerves.
Itsuppliesonlyonemusclei.e.superioroblique(Abducentcranial

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nervealsosuppliesonlyonemusclei.e.Lateralrectus).

28.Trueaboutinferiorobliquemuscle:
a)Suppliedbyinferiordivisionof3rdCN
b)Primaryeyeaction-Extorsion,abduction&depression
c)Themusclepassbelowinferiorrectus

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d)Originfromlacrimalbone
e)Nerveentersthemusclefromocularsurface
CorrectAnswer-A:C
Ans.(A)Suppliedbyinferiordivisionof3rdCN(C)Themuscle
passbelowinferiorrectus

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Itoriginatesfromorbitalplateofmaxil alateraltotheorificeof
nasolacrimalduct.
Itistheonlymuscletotakeoriginfromfrontoftheorbit.Otherrecti
muscletakeoriginfromannulusofzinn.
Occulomotornerveinorbit:Thelarger,lowerdivisiondividesinto3

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branchesforthemedialrectus,theinferiorrectus6theinferior
oblique.Al branchesenterthemuscleontheirocularsurfaces
exceptthatfortheIOwhichentersitsposteriorborder'

29.TrueaboutSubmandibularglandduct
obstructionbystone:

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a)Presentsasamassbelowbodyofmandible
b)StoneinWhartonductcanbepalpatedbelowmucous
membraneoffloorofmouth
c)Startspainjustafterstartingameal
d)Paincarriedbyglossopharyngealnerve

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e)Al theabove
CorrectAnswer-E
Ans.e.Alltheabove
Thesubmandibularsalivaryglandisacommonsiteofcalculus
formation.

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Thepresenceofatenseswel ingbelowthebodyofthemandible,
whichisgreatestbeforeorduringamealandisreducedinsizeor
absentbetweenmeals,isdiagnosticofthecondition.
Examinationofthefloorofthemouthwil revealabsenceofejection
ofsalivafromtheorificeoftheductoftheaffectedgland.

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Frequently,thestonecanbepalpatedintheduct,whichliesbelow
themucousmembraneofthefloorofthemouth'
Al the3pairsofsalivaryglandsaresuppliedbyefferent
(Parasympathetic&sympathetic)&afferentnerves(chordatympani-
br.ofVIInerve&IXnerw).Afferentfiberscarrypainimpulsefrom

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salivarygland

30.Trueaboutpalatinetonsil:
a)Cryptsislinedbysquamousepithelium
b)SuppliedbyIXCN
c)Tonguedepressorisusedforexamination

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d)Arterialsupplyisbytonsil arascendingbranchofgrater
palatineartery
e)Presentinoropharynx
CorrectAnswer-A:B:C:E
Ans.(A)Cryptsislinedbysquamousepithelium;(B)Supplied

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byIXCN;(C)Tonguedepressorisusedforexamination;(E)
Presentinoropharynx
Palatinetonsil
ThePalatinetonsilsaretwoprominentmassessituatedoneon
eithersidebetweentheglossopalatineandpharyngopalatine

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arches.
Eachtonsilconsistsfundamental yofanaggregationoflymphoid
tissueunderlyingthemucousmembranebetweenthepalatine
arches.
Inthechildthetonsilsarerelatively(andfrequentlyabsolutely)

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largerthanintheadult
Thefol iclesofthetonsilarelinedbyacontinuationofthemucous
membraneofthepharynx,coveredwithstratifiedsquamous
epithelium
Arteriessupplyingthetonsilarethe:

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Dorsalislinguaefromthelingual
Theascendingpalatineandtonsil arfromtheexternalmaxil ary
Theascendingpharyngealfromtheexternalcarotid

Thedescendingpalatinebranchoftheinternalmaxil ary
Atwigfromthesmal meningeal.

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Theveinsendinthetonsil arplexus,onthelateralsideofthetonsil
Thenervesarederivedfromthesphenopalatineganglion,andfrom
theglossopharyngeal.

31.Trueaboutarticularcartilage:
a)Inzonelchondrocytesaresmal er

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b)Zone2containsarticularcartilageprogenitorcel s
c)Zone3containscalcifiedcartilage
d)Zone4containcalcifiedcartilage
e)Chondrocytesareactivecel
CorrectAnswer-A:C:E

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Ans.(A)Inzonelchondrocytesaresmaller;(C)Zone3contains
calcifiedcartilage;(E)Chondrocytesareactivecell
Therearefourzones(layers)ofarticularcartilagefromthearticular
surfacetosubchondralbone.
1.Superficialzone(Zone-1)

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Itisthethinnestzone.
Itconsistsoftwolayers:(i)Asheetofdenslypackedcol agenwith
littlepolysaccharideandtocel s,coversthejointsurface,and(i )
flattenedelipsoid-shapedchondrocytes,withtheirmajoraxis
paral eltojointsurface.

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2.Transitionzone(Zone2)
Compositionisintermediatebetweensuperficialzoneandmiddle
zone.
3.Middlezoneorradialzoneordeepzone(Zone-3)
Thechondrocytesarespheroidalinshapewiththeirmajoraxis

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perpendiculartojointsurface.
Chondrocytesaremostactivesynthetical yinthiszone.
Thiszonecontainsthelargestdiametercol agenfibrils,thehighest
concentrationofproteoglycansandthelowestconcentrationof
water.

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4.Calcifiedcartilagezone(Zone-4)
Itseparatesthemiddlezonefromsubchondralbone.
Thecel saresmal withsmal amountofendoplasmicreticulumand
golgiapparatuswithverylittlemetabolic

32.AllaretrueaboutCSFexcept:

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a)Totalvolumeis250ml
b)Pressureis60-180mmofH2O
c)Formedfromchoroidplexusof3rdventricle
d)Formedfromchoroidplexusoflateralventricle
e)Noneoftheabove

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CorrectAnswer-A
Ans.a.Totalvolumeis250ml
ThemajorsourceofCSFisthechoroidalplexusofal 4ventricles,
mainlyintwolateralventricles.
OthersourcesofCSFareependymalcel softheventriclesandthe

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brainitself,viaperivascularspaces.
ThetotalvolumeofCSFinanadultisabout125-150ml.
TherateofformationofCSFisabout500-550ml/day.ThustheCSF
isreplaced3-4timeseveryday.
CSFpHis7.33

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112mmH20istheaveragenormalCSFpressure

33.TrueaboutAtlanto-axialjoint:
a)Vertebralarterypassthroughgroveonarchofatlasvertebrae
toforamenmagnum
b)Permitsflexion&extension

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c)Permitsidetosidemovementofhead
d)Permitsflexiononly
e)Permitsrotation
CorrectAnswer-A:C:E
Ans.a.Vertebralarterypassthroughgroveonarchofatlas

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vertebraetoforamenmagnum;c.Permitsidetosidemovement
ofhead;e.Permitsrotation
Thereare3atlantoaxialarticulations-twolateralatlantoaxialjoints
b/wthelateralmassesofCl&C2vertebrae&onemedian
atlantoaxialjointb/wthedensofC2&theanteriorarchtransverse

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ligamentoftheatlas
Movement(mainlyrotation)atal threeatlantoaxialjointspermitsthe
headtobeturnedfromsidetoside,asoccurswhenrotatingthe
headtoindicatedisapproval(the'NO'movement)
Themostimportantfactorsmaintainingstabilityaretheligaments,of

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whichthetransverseatlantalligamentisthestrongest.
Thealarligamentsareweaker

34.Trueaboutinnervationofparotidgland:
a)Postganglionicparasympatheticfibresecretomotor
b)PreganglionicparasympatheticfibrerelayinOticganglion

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c)Preganglionicparasympatheticnervebeginininferiorpetrosal
nucleus
d)Sympatheticnervearevasomotor
e)Postganglionicparasympatheticfibrespassthroughthe
glossopharyngealnerve

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CorrectAnswer-A:B:D
Ans:a.Postganglionicparasympatheticfibresecretomotor.b.
PreganglionicparasympatheticfibrerelayinOticganglion.d.
Sympatheticnervearevasomotor.
Development:

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Parotidglandisthefirstsalivaryglandtoappear,inearly6'week.
Itisectodermalinoriginanddevelopsfromthebuccalepithelium
justlateraltotheangleofmouth
Structuresemergingfromparotid
Thefollowingstructuresemergefromtheparotidgland:

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Anteriorborder:
Parotidduct
3Terminalbranchesoffacialnerve:
Thezygomaticandbuccalbranches:towardthetemporalregion,
eyelidsandcheek,respectively.

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Mandibularbranch:Runalongthebodyofthemandibletowardsthe
mouth
Apex:
5thterminalbranchoffacialnerve:Cervicalbranchcontinuesinto

theneck(toplatysma).

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Anterior&posteriordivisionsofretromandibularvein
Posteriorborder:
Posteriorauricularnerve
Posteriorauricularartery
Posteriorauricularvein

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Alongbase:
superficialtemporalartery
temporalbranchoffacialnerve
Auriculotemporalnerve
STRUCTURESWITHINGLAND:

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Arteries:
Externalcarotidarteryentersthroughposteromedialsurface
Maxil aryartery
Superficialtemporalvessel
Posteriorauricularartery

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Veins:
Theretromandibularveins
FacialNerve
ParotidDuct(Stenson'sduct)
Theductturnsopensintothevestibuleofthemouth(gingivo-buccal

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vestibule)oppositethecrownoftheupper2ndmolartooth
Nervesupply:
PARASYMPATHETIC:auriculotemporalnerve
SYMPTHETICSUPPLY-plexusaroundtheexternalcarotidartery.
SENSORYNERVES:auriculotemporalnerve,exceptforparotid

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fascia&overlyingskinwhichareinnervatedbyGreatauricular
nerve(C2,C3).

35.Muscle(s),whichformthefloorofpelvic
floor:
a)Obturatorinternus

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b)Piriformis
c)Puborectalis
d)Pubococcygeus
e)Ischiococcygeus
CorrectAnswer-C:D:E

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Ans.c.Puborectalis;d.Pubococcygeus;e.Ischiococcygeus
Thepelvicfloorisformedbythelargelevatorani(withparts
includingthepubococcygeus,puborectalis,andiliococcygeus)and
themuchsmal ercoccygeus.

36.Whichofthefollowingmuscleissupplied

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bymediannerve:
a)Oppenenspol ocis
b)Adductorpol icis
c)LateralhalfoftheFlexordigitorumprofundus
d)Superficialheadofflexorpol icisbrevis

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e)Deeppartofflexorpol icisbrevis
CorrectAnswer-A:C:D
Ans.a.Oppenenspollocis;c.LateralhalfoftheFlexor
digitorumprofundus;d.Superficialheadofflexorpollicis
brevis

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Therearefourshortmusclesofthumb(pol ex),theyareabductor
pol icisbrevis,opponenspol icis,flexorpol icisbrevisandadductor
pol icis.Thefirstthreeofthesemusclesformthethenareminence.
Al thesemusclesaresuppliedbymediannerveexceptforadductor
pol iciswhichisinnervatedbyulnarnerve.

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37.Whichofthefollowingstatement(s)is/are
trueaboutsphinctersofbody:
a)Lower5cmofoesophagealactasoesophagealsphincter&itis
notmorphological ydifferentfromotherportionofoesophagus
b)Oesophageal&pyloricsphincterremainsintopical ycontracted

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state
c)Pre-capil arysphincterispresentinb/wmetarteriole&capil ary
d)Pudendalnervesuppliesthesphincterurethrae
e)Sphincterofoddiliesatjunctionofduodenum&CBD
CorrectAnswer-B:C:D:E

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Ans.b.Oesophageal&pyloricsphincterremainsintopically
contractedstate;c.Pre-capillarysphincterispresentinb/w
metarteriole&capillary;d.Pudendalnervesuppliesthe
sphincterurethrae;e.Sphincterofoddiliesatjunctionof
duodenum&CBD

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Thecommonbileductenterstheduodenumatduodenumpapil a.
ItsorificeissurroundedbythesphincterofOddi6itusual yunites
withthemainpancreaticductjustbeforeenteringtheduodenum
Atthelowerendoftheesophagus,extendingupwardabout3cm
aboveitsjunctionwithstomach,itisbroadloweresophageal

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sphincter.
Loweroesophagealsphincter,aspecializezoneofcircularsmooth
musclesurroundingtheoesophagusatitstransitthroughthe
diaphragmandformuchofitsshortabdominalfloor
Atthepointwhereeachtruecapil aryoriginatesfromametarteriole,

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asmoothmusclefiberusual yencirclesthecapil ary.Thisiscal ed,

theprecapil arysphincter.Thissphinctercanopen&closethe
entrancetothecapil ary
Pyloricsphincterremainslightlytonical ycontractedalmostal the
time.Despitenormaltoniccontractionofthepyloricsphincter,the

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pylorususual yisopenenoughforwater&otherfluidstoemptyfrom
thestomachintotheduodenumwithease.

38.Trueaboutabductionatshoulderjoint:
a)Supraspinatusinitiatesabduction
b)Serratusanterior&trapeziusalsohelpinabduction

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c)Multipennatedeltoidclavicularfiberismainabductor
d)Axil arynerveinjuryhasnoeffectonabduction
e)Musculotendinouscuffstabilizesshoulderjoint
CorrectAnswer-A:B:E
Ans.(a)Supraspinatusinitiatesabduction(b)Serratusanterior

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&trapeziusalsohelpinabduction(e)Musculotendinouscuff
stabilizesshoulderjoint.
MOVEMENTSOFSHOULDERJOINT
Movementineverydirection(Flexion,extension,abduction,
adduction,rotation,circumduction)

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SpinalCordregulatingShouldermovements(C5,C6,C7&C8)
Flexion,Abduction,&lateralrotation(C5,C6,).
Extension,Adduction,&Medialrotationis(C6,C7,C8)
Movementsthattakeplaceduringabductionofshoulderare
axialrotationofhumerusatacroclavicularjoint,elevationof

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humerus&movementatclavicularendofsternoclavicularjoint.
TYPEOF
PLANE AXISOFMUSCLES HUMERALRANGE FACTOR
MOVEMENTOF
HEAD

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OF
MOTIONMOTIONINVOLVED
GLIDING MOTION LIMITING
Total-0-
165?or

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175?
-Inferior
Ful
glenohumeral
internal

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ligament
-Tightnessof

internal
Inferiorly rotationof -Tightnessof
Abduction

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Frontal Saggital Deltoid,
theinferior
plane
axis
Supraspinatusinglenoid humerus0-

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cavity
60?
joint
Ful
capsuleof

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external
the
rotationof gleno-
humerus0-humeraljoint
90?

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39.Organwhichhavenolymphaticsupply:
a)Eyebal
b)Brain
c)Liver
d)Kidney

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e)Spinalcord
CorrectAnswer-A:B:E
Ans.a.Eyeball;b.Brain&e.Spinalcord
Lymphcapil ariesareabsentfromthecel ularstructureslikebrain,
spinalcord,splenicpulp,bonemorrow,articulatecartilage,

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epidermis,hair,nail&cornea.
Lymphaticvesselarefoundinal tissue&organofbodyexceptthe
centralnervoussystem,eyebal ,internalear,epidermisoftheskin,
cartilage&bone.

40.Trueregardingthyroidglandis?

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a)DeepinvestinglayerformBerryligament
b)Condensedfibrouspartofglandformtruecapsule
c)Superiorthyroidarteryliesposterolateraltosuperiorlaryngeal
nerve
d)Recurrentlaryngealnervehasvariablecourseonbothsides

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e)SuppliedbyThyrocervicalTrunk
CorrectAnswer-B:E
Ans.Ans.is'b'i.e.,Condensedfibrouspartofglandformtrue
capsule;'e'i.e.,SuppliedbyThyrocervicalTrunk
Thyroidglandhastwocapsule:-

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1. Truecapsule-peripheralcondensationoftheconnectivetissueof
thegland.
2. Falsecapsule-derivedfromthepretracheallayerofthedeep
cervicalfascia.ItalsoformsthesuspensoryligamentofBerrywhich
connectsthelobetothecricoidcartilage.

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3. Ligamentofberryandfalsecapsulearederivedfrompretracheal
layerofdeepcervicalfascia(notinvestinglayer).
Superiorthyroidarteryisrelatedtoexternallaryngealnerve
(externalbranchofsuperiorlaryngealnerve),butnotdirectlyrelated
tosuperiorlaryngealnerveitself

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Recurrentlaryngealnervehasvariablerelationtoinferiorthyroid
arteryonlyonrightside,onleftsideithasconsistentrelation
Bloodsupplyofthyroidglandisthrough:
Superiorthyroidartery-Branchofexternalcarotidartery
Inferiorthyroidartery-BranchofThyrocervicaltrunk

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Thyroideaimaartery-Fromthebrachiocephalictrunkorarchof

aorta

41.Correctstatement[s]regardingthe
anatomyofvertebraeare?
a)C7hasnoforamentransversarium

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b)C6hasprominentlateralmass
c)T3hassmal estspinousprocess
d)T12haslargecostalfacet
e)T7hasvertical yorientedarticularprocess
CorrectAnswer-E

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Ans.e)T7hasverticallyorientedarticularprocess
C7hasforamentransversarium,butitdoesnottransmitsvertebral
artery(unlikeforaminatransversariaofC1toC6)
LateralmassisseeninC1(notinC6)
Thoracicvertebrae(includingT3)havelongspinousprocess.

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Smal spinousprocessesareseenincervicalvertebrae(exceptfor
C7).
T11&T12donothavecostalfacets
T2-79aretypicalthoracicvertebraeand71,TI0,711,712areatpical
thoracicvertebrae

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IntypicalthoracicvertebraeArticularprocessesarevertical yplaced
andinterlocked;Sodislocationcanonlyoccuriftheyarefractured.

42.Uppereyelidhasfollowinglayer[s]-
a)Orbicularisoculi
b)Adiposetissue

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c)Looseconnectivetissue
d)Levatorpalpebraesuperioris
e)Mul ermuscles
CorrectAnswer-A:C:D:E
Ans.is'a'i.e.,Orbicularisoculi;'c'i.e.,Looseconnective

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tissue;'d'i.e.,Levatorpalpebraesuperiors;'e'i.e.,Muller
muscles
Layersofeyelid:
Eachlidismadeupof(fromwithoutinwards)
Skin

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Subcutaneousareolartissue:Layeroflooseareolarconnective
tissue,withoutanyfat.
Layerofstriatedmuscles:Orbicularisoculimuscle;Inuppereyelid
levatorpalpebraesuperioris
Submuscularareolartissue:Nervesandvesselsofthelidslieinthis

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layer
Fibrouslayer:Itistheframeworkofthelidsandconsistsof:
1. Tarsalplates:Tarsiformtheskeletonofeyelids.Septumorbitale
andMul er'smuscleareattachedtosuperiorborderofUpper
tarsus.Orbitalseptum,capsulopalpebaralfasciaandinferior

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palpebralmuscleareattachedtoinferiorborderoflowertarsus.
Tarialglands(meibomianglands)areembeddedintheposterior
surfaceoftarsi.
2. Septumorbitale(palpebralfascia):Itisathin,floatingmembrane


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whichtakespartinal movementsofeyelids'
3. Medialandlateralpalpebralligaments.
Layersofnon-striatedmusclefibres:Thislayerconsistsofsmooth
musclefibersofmul ermuscles.
Conjunctiva

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43.Branch[es]ofophthalmicarteryis/are-
a)Centralarteryofretina
b)Supratrochlearartery
c)Anteriorethmoidalartery
d)Posteriorethmoidalartery

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e)Posteriorarticularartery
CorrectAnswer-A:B:C:D
Ans..is.a,i.e.,Centralarteryofretina,'b'i.e.,Supratrochlear
artery,'c'i.e.,Anteriorethmoidalartery'd'i.e.,Posterior
ethmoidal

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Ophthalmicartery
Itgivesfollowingbranches:-
Centralarteryofretina(endartery)
Lacrimalartery:-Itgivesfollowingbranches?
LateralPalpebralbranch.

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Zygomaticotemporal
Zygomaticofacial
Recurrentmeningeal
Meningeal
Ciliary

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Anteriorethmoidal-Suppliesanteriorethmoidalsinus
Posteriorethmoidal
MedialPalpebral
Supratrochlear
Supraorbital

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Dorsalnasal

44.Bloodsupplyofoptictractcomesthrough
a)Middlecerebralartery
b)Anteriorcerebralartery
c)Posteriorcerebralartery

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d)Anteriorchoroidalartery
e)Internalcarotidartery
CorrectAnswer-A:D:E
Ans.a,i.e.,Middlecerebralartery'd'i.e.,Anteriorchoroidal
artery;'e'i.e,Internalcarotidartery

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Optictractissuppliedby:
Anteriorchoroidalartery(branchofinternalcarotidartery)
Posteriorcommunicatingartery(branchofICA);
Middlecerebralartery(BranchofICA)

45.Trueaboutdevelopmentofcochlea

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a)Ful ydevelopedat22weeks
b)Derivedfromsurfaceectoderm
c)Developsinbonylabyrinth
d)Developsfromoticvesicle
e)Developsfromoticcapsule

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CorrectAnswer-A:C:E
Ans.a.Fullydevelopedat22weeks;'c'i.e.,Developsinbony
labyrinth;'e'1.e.,Developsfromoticcapsule
Developmentofinternalearstartsbytheageof3weeksof
intrauterinelifedevelopmentofmembranousinternalearis

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completedby16thweekandreachesitsadultsize&shapeby20-
22weekswhenthecochleaisdevelopedsufficiently.
Developmentofphylogenetical yolderpartoflabyrinth,i.epars
superior(semi-circularcanalandutricle)takesplaceearlierthan
parsinferior(sacculeandcochlea).

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DEVELOPMENTDERIVATIVESOFEAR:
Surfaceectoderm:
Membranouslabyrinth
Epithelialliningofexternalauditorymeatus
Outersurfaceoftympanicmembrane

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Mesoderm:
Bonylabyrinth
Earossicle
Skeletalmuscle
Centreoftympanicmembrane

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Endoderm:

Eustachiantubelining
Middleearcavity
Epithelialcoveringofossicle
Innerlayeroftympanicmembrane

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Tympanicmembraneisderivedfromal threelayersofgermline.

46.Urogenitaldiaphragmismadeupof?
a)Deeptransverseperinei
b)Perinealmembrane
c)SphincterUrethrae

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d)Fasciaofurogenitaldiaphragm
e)Al theabove
CorrectAnswer-E
Ans.e.Alltheabove
Urogenitaldiaphragm:

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Consistsoftwomuscles:
Sphincterurethrae
Deeptransverseperinei,alsocal edtransversusperneiprofundus
Twofasciae:
Inferiorfasciaofurogenitaldiaphragm,alsocal edperineal

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membrane
Superiorfasciaofurogenitaldiaphragm

47.Trueaboutepiglottis?
a)Containsserousgland
b)Containsmucoussecretingglands

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c)Itisovalshaped
d)Madeupofelasticcartilage
e)Hasbilaterallymphaticsupply
CorrectAnswer-B:D:E
Ans.b)Containsmucoussecretingglands;d)Madeupof

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elasticcartilage;e)Hasbilaterallymphaticsupply
Epiglottis:
Theepiglottisofelasticcartilagetissuecoveredwithamucous
membrane,attachedtotheentranceofthelarynx.
Theepiglottishastwosurfaces,lingualandalaryngealsurface,

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relatedtotheoralcavityandthelarynxrespectively
Theentirelingualsurfaceandtheapicalportionofthelaryngeal
surfacearecoveredbyastratifiedsquamousnon-keratinized
epithelium.
Therestofthelaryngealsurfaceon,whichisinrelationtothe

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respiratorysystem'hasrespiratoryepithelium:pseudostratified,
ciliatedcolumnarcel sandmucussecretingGobletcel s.
Epiglottishasbilaterallymphaticdrainagetopperdeepcervical
lymphnodes

48.TrueaboutmeiosisI:

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a)Sisterchromatidsreplicate
b)Sisterchromatidsseparate
c)Haploiddaughtercel s
d)Homologouschromosomesexchangematerial
e)Homologouschromosomesseparate

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CorrectAnswer-C:D:E
Ans.is'c'i.e.,Haploiddaughtercells;'d'i.e.,Homologous
chromosomesexchangematerial!&'e'i.e."Homologous
chromosomesseparate
MeiosisIisdividedintofollowingphases:-

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1.ProphaseI:
Longestphase.
Itisfurthersubdividedinto:_
1. Leptotene:Diffusechromatinstartscondensingintochromosomes
andchromosomesstartappearinginthisstage.

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2. Zygotene:InthisstageHomologouschromosomespairup.This
processiscal ed'synapsis'orconjugationandeachpairiscal ed
bivalent.
3. Pachytene:Inthisstagetwochromatidsofeachpairseparateandis
cal edtetrad.Thenthereoccurs'crossing-over',i.e.,oneorboth

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chromatidsofonehomologouschromosomecrossesoverwith
thosefromotherhomologouschromosomeofthatpairforming
synaptonemalcomplex.Thepointofcrossingoverarecal ed,
chiasmata.
4. Diplotene:Thetwochromosomesofbivalenttrytomoveapart.

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ThereisexchangeofgeneticmaterialbetweenHomologous

chromosomes
5. Diakinesis:Inthisstagethereorganizedchromosomesmoveapart.
Eachbivalentcannowbeseentocontainfourchromatidslinkedby
acommoncentromere,whilenon-sisterchromatidsarelinkedby

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chiasmata.
2.MetaphaseI:Thebivalentsbecomearrangedaroundtheequator
ofthespindle,attachedtotheircentromeres.
3.AnaphaseI:Spindlefibrespul homologouschromosomes.This
separatesthechromosomeintotwohaploidsets'onesetateach

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endofspindle.
4.TelophaseI:Twodaughtercel sareformedeachcontaining23
chromosomes(Haploid),eachconsistingoftwochromatids(2C).

49.TrueaboutFibrousskeletonofheart?
a)Fibrousringaroundmitralvalve

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b)Tendonofinfundibulumisbetweenpulmonary&aorticvalve
c)Trigonumdextrumisbetweenmitral&tricuspidvalve
d)Trigonumsinistrumisbetweenmitralandaorticvalve
e)TendonofTodaroisbetweencentralfibrouspartsto
Eustachianvalve

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CorrectAnswer-A:B:D:E
Ans.is'a'i.e.,Fibrousringaroundmitralvalye;'b'i,e.,Tendon
ofinfundibulumisbetweenpulmonary&aorticvalve;'d'i.e.,
Trigonumsinistrumisbetweenmitralandaorticvalve;&'e'
i.e.,TendonofTodaroisbetweencentralfibrouspartsto

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Eustachianvalve
Fibrousskeletonofheart:
Fibrousringsurroundingtheorificesofatrioventricular(mitraland
tricuspid)orifices,pulmonaryorificeandaorticorifice,alongwith
someadjoiningmassesoffibroustissue.

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Tendonofinfundibulumisfibroustissuebetweenpulmonaryand
aorticring.
Trigonumfibrosumdextrumisfibrosustissuebetweenatrioventricular
rigs(mitralandtricuspid)andaorta.
Trigonumfibrosumsinistrumisfibroustissuebetweentheaorticand

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mitralrings.

50.Tastesensationfromthetongueis/are
carriedby?
a)Facialnerve
b)Glossopharyngealnerve

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c)Hypoglossalnerve
d)Vagusnerve
e)Trigeminalnerve
CorrectAnswer-A:B:D
Ans,is'a'i,e.Faeialnerve'b'i,e.Glossopharyngealnerve;&'d'

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i,e.Vagusnerve
Tastesensationoftongue:
Anterior2/3rdpart:Chordatympani
Posterior1/3rdpart&circumval atepapil ae:Glossopharyngeal
nerve

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Posteriormostpart:InternallaryngealbranchofVagusnerve

51.Trueaboutepiglottis?
a)Containsserousgland
b)Containsmucoussecretingglands
c)Itisovalshaped

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d)Madeupofelasticcartilage
e)Hasbilaterallymphaticsupply
CorrectAnswer-B:D:E
Ans.is'b'i.e.,Containsmucoussecretingglands;'d'i.eMadeup
ofelasticcartilage&'e'i.e',Hasbilaterallymphaticsupply

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Epiglottis:
Theepiglottisofelasticcartilagetissuecoveredwithamucous
membrane,attachedtotheentranceofthelarynx.
Theepiglottishastwosurfaces,lingualandalaryngealsurface,
relatedtotheoralcavityandthelarynxrespectively

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Theentirelingualsurfaceandtheapicalportionofthelaryngeal
surfacearecoveredbyastratifiedsquamousnon-keratinized
epithelium.
Therestofthelaryngealsurfaceon,whichisinrelationtothe
respiratorysystem'hasrespiratoryepithelium:pseudostratified,

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ciliatedcolumnarcel sandmucussecretingGobletcel s.
Epiglottishasbilaterallymphaticdrainagetopperdeepcervical
lymphnodes

52.Whichofthefollowingstatement(s)is/are
trueaboutphrenicnerveexcept-

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a)Itisprimarymotorsupplytodiaphragm
b)Accessoryphrenicnervejoinsthephrenicnervenearthefirst
rib
c)Formedinfrontofscalenusmediusmuscle
d)Itdescendsposteriortosternocleidomastoid

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e)Givessensorysupplytocentraltendonofdiaphragm
CorrectAnswer-C
Ansis.'Ci.e.,Formedinfrontofscalenusmediusmuscle
Liesanteriortoanteriorscalenusmuscle
Phrenicnerveisamixednerve&carriesmotorfibrestothe

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diaphragm&sensoryfibresfromthediaphragm,pleura,pericardium
&partoftheperitoneum.
Origin:
Itariseintheneckfromtheant.ramiofthe3rd,4th&5thcervical
nerves

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Itisformedatthelateralborderofthescalenusanterior,opposite
themiddleofthesternocleidomastoidattheleveloftheupper
borderofthethyroidcartilage.
Relations:
Itrunsvertical ydownwardsontheant.surfaceofthescalenusant.

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&inthispartitisrelatedanteriorlyto
1. Prevertebralfascia
2. Inf.bel yofomohyoid
3. Transversecervicalartery

4. Suprascapularartery

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5. Internaljugularvein
6. Sternocleidomastoidmus.
7. Thoracicductonleftside.
Afterleavingtheant.surfaceofthescalenusant.thenerveruns
downwardsonthecervicalpleurabehindthecommencementofthe

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brachiocephalicvein.(onleftsidenerveleavesthescalenusant.at
ahigherlevel&crossesinfrontofthe.firstpartofthesubclavian
art.).Hereitcrossestheinternalthoracicartery(eitheranteriorlyor
posteriorly)&entersthethoraxbehindthe1stcostalcartilage.

53.Allaresuppliedbyanteriorinterosseous

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nerveexcept?
a)Flexorcarpiulnaris
b)Brachioradialis
c)Abductorpol icisbrevis
d)Flexorpol icislongus

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e)Flexordigitorumsuperficialis
CorrectAnswer-A:B:C:E
Ans.is'a'i'e.,Flexorcarpiulnaris'b'i.e.,Brachioradialis;'c'i.e.,
Abductorpollicisbrevis;&'e'i.e.,Flexordigitorumsuperficial
Theanteriorinterosseousnerve(volarinterosseousnerve)isa

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branchofthemediannervethatsuppliesthedeepmusclesonthe
anterioroftheforearm,excepttheulnar(medial)halfoftheflexor
digitorumprofundus.

54.Truestatementaboutshoulderjoint?
a)Multipennateacromialfibresofdeltoidarepowerfulabductor

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b)Axil arynerveinjuryhasnoeffectonabduction
c)Musculotendinouscuffstabilizesshoulderjoint
d)Supraspinatusinitiatesabduction
e)Trapeziusandserratusanterioractsynergistical yinabduction
CorrectAnswer-A:C:D:E

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Ans.is'a'i.e.,Multipennateacromialfibresofdeltoidare
powerfulabductor;'c'i.e.,Musculotendinouscuffstabilizes
shoulderjoint;'d'i.e.,Supraspinatusinitiatesabduction;&'e'
i.e.,Trapeziusandserratusanterioractsynergisticallyin
abduction

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TYPEOF
PLANEOF AXISOF
MOVEMENT MOTION
MOTION
MUSCLESINVOLVED

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PectoralisMajor,Ant.fiber
Flexion
Saggital
Transverse
plane

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axis
ofdeltoid,
Coraco-brachialis,Biceps
Latissimus
Extension

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Saggital
Transverse dorsi,Teresmajor,Post.
plane
axis
fibers

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ofdeltoid,Triceps
Abduction
Frontalplane Saggital
axis
Deltoid,Supraspinatus

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Subscapularis,Pectoralis
Adduction
Frontalplane Saggital
Major,
axis

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Latissimusdorsi,Teres
major

major
Subscapularis,Pectoralis
Internal

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Transverse vertical
Major,
Rotation
plane
axis

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Latissimusdorsi,Teres
major
External
Transverse vertical
Infraspinatus,Teres

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Rotation
plane
axis
minor

55.Whichisattachedmostanteriorlyonthe

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intercondylarareaoftibia
intercondylarareaoftibia(areab/wmedial
andlateraltibialplateau)-
a)Anteriorcruciateligament
b)Posteriorcruciateligament

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c)Anteriorhornofthelateralmeniscus
d)Anteriorhornofthemedialmeniscus
e)Ligamentumpatel ae
CorrectAnswer-D
Ans.is'd'i.e,Anteriorhornofthemedialmeniscus

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PROXIMALEND(upperend)
Proximal(upper)endoftibiaincludesmedial&lateral
condyles,formingtibialplateau.
ItalsoincludestibialTuberosity&intercondylararea.
Attachmentsonproximalendare:

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Medialcondyle:Semimembranous(posteriorly),capsuleofknee
joint,tibial(medial)collateralligament(deeppart),medialpatel ar
retinaculum(anteriorly).
Lateralcondyle:il iotibialtract(anteriorly),capsuleofsuperior
tibiofibularjoint.

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TibialTuberosity:Ligamentumpatellae
Intercondylararea(fromanteriortoposterior);
1. Anteriorhornofmedialmeniscus
2. Anteriorcruciateligament(ACL)
3. Anteriorhornoflateralmeniscus

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4. Posteriorhornoflateralmeniscus
5. Posteriorhornofmedialmeniscys
6. Posteriorcruciateligament(PCL)

56.Truestatementaboutdevelopment
ofpancreas:

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a)Uncinateprocessfromventralbud
b)Lowerpartofheadfromdorsalbud
c)DuctofWirsungdevelopsfromdorsalbudonly
d)Pancreaticdivisumisduetoabnormaldevelopmentofducts
ofpancreas

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e)Bodyisformedfromdorsalbud
CorrectAnswer-A:D:E
Ans.a.Uncinateprocessfromventralbud;d.Pancreatic
divisumisduetoabnormaldevelopmentofductsofpancreas;
e.Bodyisformedfromdorsalbud

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Thepancreasdevelopsfromtwoendodermalbuds,dorsal&ventral,
whicharisefromthepartofthegutthatlaterformsthesecondpart
oftheduodenum
Theventralbudformsthelowerpartofthehead&theuncinate
Processofthepancreas,whiletheupperpartofhead,thebody&

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thetailareformedfromthedorsalbud.
Themainpancreaticduct(ductofWirsung)isformed,initsdistal
partbytheductofthedorsalbudandinifsproximalpart,bytheduct
oftheventralbud

57.Whichofthefollowingcombinationis/are

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trueregardingepithelialliningofurinary
system:
a)Urinarybladder-transitionalepithelium
b)Pre-prostaticurethra-stratifiedcolumnar
c)Membranousurethra-transitionalepithelium

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d)Distalpartofpenileurethra-non-keratinisingstratified
squamousepithelium
e)Urethralmeatus-keratinisingstratifiedsquamousepithelium
CorrectAnswer-A:D:E
Ans.a.Urinarybladder-transitionalepithelium;d.Distalpartof

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penileurethra-non-keratinisingstratifiedsquamousepithelium
e.Urethralmeatus-keratinisingstratifiedsquamousepithelium
Urinarybladderislinedbyuroepithelium(transitionalepithelium)
Theliningofurethravariesfromurotheliumofthebladderto
keratinizedstratifiedsquamousepitheliumoftheglans.

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Pre-prostaticurethra:Transitionalepithelium
Prostaticurethra:Transitionalepithelium
Membranousurethra:Pseudostratifiedcolumnarepithelium
Spongyurethra(orpenileurethra):Pseudostratifiedcolumnar-
proximal y,Stratifiedsquamous-distal y

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58.Whichofthefollowingstatementis/are
trueregardinglesionofIXCN:
a)Gagreflex-absent
b)Deviationoftonguetooneside
c)Lossoftastesensationintheposteriorl/3ofthetongue

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d)Lossoftastesensationintheanterior2/3ofthetongue
e)Maycausebulbarpalsy
CorrectAnswer-A:C:E
Ans.a.Gagreflex-absent;c.Lossoftastesensationinthe
posteriorl/3ofthetongue;e.Maycausebulbarpalsy

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GlossopharyngealNervePalsy:
Lossofsensationoverthemucousmembraneofpharynx.
Lossoftastesensationintheposteriorl/3ofthetongue
Gagreflex-LostinlesionofIX&XCN

59.Feature(s)ofoculomotornervepalsy

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is/are:
a)Ptosis
b)Miosis
c)Mydriasis
d)Diplopia

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e)Lossofaccommodation
CorrectAnswer-A:B:D:E
Ans.a.Ptosis;b.Miosis;d.Diplopia;e.Lossof
accommodation
OculomotorNervePalsy:

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Complete&totalparalysis-ptosis,lateralsquint,dilationofpupil,
lossofaccommodation,slightproptosis&diplopia.
Pupil arylightreflexinaffectedeyeisabsent.
Pupildilates&becomesfixedtolight.
Webersyndrome:amidbrainlesioncausingcontralateralhemiplegia

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&ipsilateralparalysisofthethirdnerve

60.Cervixis/aredrainedby:
a)Externaliliaclymphnode
b)Internaliliaclymphnode
c)Aorticlymphnode

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d)Inguinallymphnode
e)Sacrallymphnode
CorrectAnswer-A:B:E
Ans.a.Externaliliaclymphnode;b.Internaliliaclymphnode;
e.Sacrallymphnode

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Cervix:Oneachside,thelymphaticsdraininto
Externaliliac,obturatorlymphnodeseitherdirectlyorthrough
paracervicallymphnodes,
Internaliliacgroups
Sacralgroup

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61.Whichofthefollowingmayoccurin
commonperonealnerveinjury:
a)Dorsiflexionnotpossible
b)Footdrop
c)Highsteppinggait

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d)Lossofinversionoffoot
e)Eversionoffootaffected
CorrectAnswer-A:B:C:E
Ans.a.Dorsiflexionnotpossibleb.Footdropc.Highstepping
gaite.Eversionoffootaffected

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Commonperonealnerveinjury(usuallyd/tfractureof
head/neckfibula)resultsin:
Foot&toedrop
Lossofdorsiflexionofankle
Extensionoffinger

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Eversionoffoot
Lossofsensationin1stwebspace,anterolaterallowerleg&dorsum
offootandtoes.
Incommonperonealnerveinjurysensationofsole,lateralborder&
medialborder&inversion&plantarflexionremainnormal.

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62.O'Donoghue'striadcomprisesof:
a)Anteriorcruciateligamenttear
b)Posteriorcruciateligamenttear
c)Medialmeniscus
d)Lateralmeniscus

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e)Medialcol ateralligament
CorrectAnswer-A:C:E
Ans.a.Anteriorcruciateligamenttear;c.Medialmeniscus;e.
Medialcollateralligament
Anunhappytriad(orterribletriad,"horribletriangleO'Donoghue's

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triadora"blownknee-')isaninjurytotheanteriorcruciateligament,
medialcol ateralligament,andthemedialmeniscus

63.

Whichofthefollowingvein(s)is/arepartof
portalcirculation:

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a)Splenicvein
b)Paraumbilicalvein
c)Superiorrectalvein
d)Leftgastricvein
e)Inferiorrectalvein

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CorrectAnswer-A:B:C:D
Ans.a.Splenicveinb.Paraumbilicalveinc.Superiorrectalvein
d.Leftgastricvein
Portalveincol ectsbloodfromtheforegut,midgut,andhindgut.
Theportalveinislocateddeeptothehepaticarteryandcysticduct

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andisformedbytheunionofthesuperiormesentericveinand
splenicvein,deeptotheneckofthepancreas.
Bloodfromportalveintransportedtothehepaticsinusoidsofthe
liverforfiltrationanddetoxification.
Thehepaticsinusoidsemptyintothecommoncentralvein,which

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emptiesintothehepaticveinsandultimatelydrainsintotheinferior
venacava.

64.Thrombosisofanteriorcerebralartery
cause:
a)Leftfootparalysisinrightanteriorcerebralarterythrombosis

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b)Urinaryincontinence
c)Paralysisofthecontralateralface,arm,andleg
d)Homonymoushemianopia
e)Gegenhaltenrigidity
CorrectAnswer-A:B:E

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Ans.a.Leftfootparalysisinrightanteriorcerebralartery
thrombosis;b.Urinaryincontinence;e.Gegenhaltenrigidity
Signsandsymptomsofanteriorcerebralarterythrombosis:
Paralysisofoppositefootandleg:Motorlegarea
Alesserdegreeofparesisofoppositearmareaofcortexorfibers

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descendingtocoronaradiate
Corticalsensorylossovertoes,footandleg:Sensoryareaforfoot
andleg
Urinaryincontinence:SensorimotorareainParacentrallobule
Contralateralgraspreflex,suckingreflexgegenhalten(paratonic

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rigidity)
Abulia(akineticmutism),slowness,delayintermittentinterruption,
lackofspontaneity,whisperingreflexdistractiontosightsand
sounds
Impairmentofgaitandstance(gaitapraxia)

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Dyspraxiaofleftlimbs,tactileaphasiainleftlimbs

65.Fibrocartilageis/arefoundin:
a)Temporomandibularjoint
b)Sternoclavicularjoint
c)Hipjoint

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d)Vertebraldisc
e)Inferiorradioulnarjoint
CorrectAnswer-A:B:D:E
Ans.a.Temporomandibularjoint;b.Sternoclavicularjoint;d.
Vertebraldisc;e.Inferiorradioulnarjoint

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Fibrocartilageisawhiteopaquestructureduetodensecol age
fibres(typeIandII).
Whenafibroustissueissubjectedtopressureitisreplacedby
fibrocartilage.
Itisseeninjoints,symphysis,intervertebraldiscs,menisciandlabra

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(shoulderjointandhipjoint).
Pinnaisatypeofelasticcartilage.
Elasticcartilagesareseenatsitesconcernedwithproductionor
receptionofsoundse.g.externalacousticmeatus(lateralpart),
auditorytubeandepiglottis.

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66.Whichofthefollowingistrueregarding
vertebralcolumncurvature:
a)Primarycurvesareconcaveforward
b)Lumbarcurveisprimary
c)Thoraciccurvedevelopwheninfantstartwalking

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d)Cervicalappearwhentheinfantstartssupportingitshead
e)Lumbarcurveappearswhenthechildassumestheupright
posture
CorrectAnswer-A:D:E
Ans.a.Primarycurvesareconcaveforward;d.Cervicalappear

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whentheinfantstartssupportingitshead;e.Lumbarcurve
appearswhenthechildassumestheuprightposture
Thethoracicandsacralkyphoticcurvesaretermedprimarycurves,
becausetheyarepresentinthefetus.
Thecervicalandlumbarcurvesarecompensatoryorsecondary,

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andaredevelopedafterbirth.
KYPHOTICCURVE:
Thethoraciccurve,concaveforward,beginsatthemiddleofthe
secondandendsatthemiddleofthetwelfththoracicvertebra.Its
mostprominentpointbehindcorrespondstothespinousprocessof

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thesevenththoracicvertebra.Thiscurveisknownas
akyphoticcurve.
Thesacralcurvebeginsatthesacrovertebralarticulation,andends
atthepointofthecoccyx;itsconcavityisdirecteddownwardand
forwardasakyphoticcurve.

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LORDOTICCURVES:

Thelumbarcurveismoremarkedinthefemalethaninthemale;it
beginsatthemiddleofthelastthoracicvertebra,andendsatthe
sacrovertebralangle.Itisconvexanteriorly,theconvexityofthe
lowerthreevertebraebeingmuchgreaterthanthatoftheuppertwo.

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Thiscurveisdescribedasalordoticcurve.
Theuppercervicalspinehasacurve,convexforward,thatbeginsat
theaxis(secondcervicalvertebra)attheapexoftheodontoid
processordens,andendsatthemiddleofthesecondthoracic
vertebra;itistheleastmarkedofal thecurves.Thisinwardcurveis

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knownasalordoticcurve.

67.Musclehavingdoublenervesupply:
a)Digastricmuscle
b)Omohyoidmuscle
c)Trapezius

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d)Thyrohyoidmuscle
e)Adductormagnus
CorrectAnswer-A:E
Ans.a.Digastricmuscle;e.Adductormagnus
InnervationofDigastric:

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Anteriorbel yofdigastricissuppliedbynervetomylohyoid(a
branchofmandibularnerve)&posteriorbel yissuppliedbyfacial
nerve.
Innervationofadductormagnus
Posteriordivisionofobturatornerveinnervatesmostoftheadductor

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magnus
Verticalorhamstringportioninnervatedbytibialnerve(L2,L3,L4)

68.Facialdevelopmenttakesplaceb/w:
a)4-8week
b)8-l0week

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c)12-14week
d)18-20week
e)6-10week
CorrectAnswer-A
Ans.a.4-8week

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Developmentofface
Facialdevelopmentoccursmainlybetween4thand8thweeks,and
isinducedbymigrationofcel sofneuralcrest.
Fivefacialprimordiaappearasprominencesofmesenchyme:a
frontonasalprocess,apairofmaxil aryprocessesandapairof

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mandibularprocesses.

69.Whichofthefollowingstatement(s)istrue
regardingaxillaryartery:
a)Startfromupperborderofclavicle
b)Ulnarnerveliesmedial ytodistall/3ofartery

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c)Radialnerveliesposteriorlydistal1/3ofartery
d)Axil aryveinlieslateral ytoproximal1/3oftheartery
e)Endatlowerborderofpectoralisminor
CorrectAnswer-B:C
Ans.b.Ulnarnerveliesmediallytodistall/3ofartery;c.Radial

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nerveliesposteriorlydistal1/3ofartery
Axillaryartery
Itisthemainarteryofupperlimb.Itbeginsatthelevelofouter
borderoffirstribasacontinuationofsubclavianartery.Itendsatthe
leveloflowerborderofteresmajortocontinueasbrachialartery.

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Theaxil aryarteryiscoveredanteriorlybypectoralisminor,which
dividesitintothreeparts:?
Firstpart:-Thispartisproximaltoupperborderofpectoralisminor,
i.e.extendsfromouterborderoffirstribtoupperborderofpectoralis
minor.ThebranchoffirstpartisSuperiorthoracicartery.

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Secondpart:-Thispartisbehindpectoralisminor.Itgivesfol owing
branches.
Thoracoacromialartery:-Itpiercesclavipectoralfasciaandgives
fol owingbranches:-
1. Acromial

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2. Pectoral,
3. Clavicularanddeltoid.

Lateralthoracicartery
Thirdpart:-Thispartisdistaltolowerborderofpectoralisminor,i.e.
extendsfrompectoralisminor(lowerborder)toteresmajor(lower

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border).Itgivesfol owingbranches?
Subscapularartery:-Itgivesoffcircumflexscapulararteryandthen
continuesusthoracodorsalartery.
Anteriorcircumflexhumeralartery.
Posteriorcircumflexhumeralartery.

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Anteriorandposteriorcircumflexarteries(botharebranchesof
3rdpartofaxil aryartery)formsanastomosisaroundsurgicalneckof
humerus.

70.Whichofthefollowingstructure(s)pass
throughadductormagnus

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a)Femoralvessel
b)Femoralnerve
c)Femoralsheath
d)Saphenousnerve
e)Tibialnerve

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CorrectAnswer-A
Ans.a.Femoralvessel
Femoralarterypassthroughanopeningintheadductormagnusto
becomecontinuouswiththepoplitealartery
Femoralveinentersthethighbypassingthroughanopeninginthe

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adductormagnusasacontinuationofthepoplitealvein

71.Whichofthefollowingstatementistrue
aboutPinnaexcept:
a)InTreacher-Col inssyndromemalformedpinnamaybepresent
b)Madeupofelasticcartilage

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c)Developfromlstpharyngealcleftonly
d)Helpsinlocalizationofsound
e)Mayinvolvesinrelapsingperichondritis
CorrectAnswer-C
Ans.c.Developfromlstpharyngealcleftonly

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Firstbranchialcleftistheprecursorofexternalauditorycanal.
Aroundthesixthweekofembryoniclife,aseriesofsixtubercles
appeararoundthefirstbranchialcleft
Branchialcleftsareectodermalinorigin.
Pinnadevelopsfrom1stand2ndpharyngealarch

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72.Pairedlaryngealcartilage(s)is/are:
a)Thyroid
b)Arytenoid
c)Corniculte
d)Cricoid

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e)Cuneiform
CorrectAnswer-B:C:E
Ans.b.Arytenoid;c.Corniculte;e.Cuneiform
Laryngealcartilages
Thyroid(unpaired)

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Itisthelargestofal laryngealcartilages.Itis'V'shapedwithright
andleftlamina.Bothlaminae(alae)meetanteriorlyforminganangle
of90?inmalesand120?infemales.Vocalcordsareattachedtothe
middleofthyroidangle.
Cricoid(unpaired)

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Itistheonlycartilageformingacompletering,thereforeisshaped
likearing.Itarticulateswitharytenoidcartilagetoform
cricoarytenoidjoint,atypeofsynovialjoint.
Epiglottis(unpaired)
Itisleaf-shapedelasticcartilage(inadults).Itisomegashapedin

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children.Itformstheanteriorwal oflaryngealinlet.
Arytenoidcartilage(paired)
EachArytenoidcartilageispyramidalinshape.Basearticulateswith
cricoidcartilage,andapexsupportsthecorniculatecartilage.Avocal
processdirectedanteriorlyandgivesattachmenttovocalcord.A

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muscularprocessdirectedlateral yandgivesattachmenttointrinsic
laryngealmuscles.

Corniculatecartilage(ofSantorini):Paired
ArticulateswithapexofArytenoidcartilage
Cuneiformcartilage(ofWrisberg):Paired

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Situatedinaryepiglotticfoldinfrontofcorniculatecartilage.

73.Allaretrueaboutmediastinumexcept:
a)Heartpassesthroughsuperiormediastinum
b)Heartpassesthroughmiddlemediastinum
c)Thymusremnantmaypresentinmiddlemediastinum

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d)PosteriorboundaryofposteriormediastinumcorrespondstoTl-
T4vertebrae
e)Lowerborderofanteriormediastinumisextendedmorethan
posteriormediastinum
CorrectAnswer-A:C:D:E

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Ans.a.Heartpassesthroughsuperiormediastinum;c.Thymus
remnantmaypresentinmiddlemediastinum;d.Posterior
boundaryofposteriormediastinumcorrespondstoTl-T4
vertebrae;e.Lowerborderofanteriormediastinumisextended
morethanposteriormediastinum

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Superiormediastinum:Theregionsuperiortothesternalangle
containingtheaorticarchanditsthreebranches,thesuperiorvena
cava(SVC)andthebrachiocephalicveins,thetrachea,the
esophagus,andthephrenicandvagusnerves.Thesuperior
mediastinumalsocontainsthethymus;however,inanadult,the

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thymusisusual yatrophiedandpresentsasafattymass.
Anteriormediastinum:Theregionbetweenthesternalangle,the
deepsternalsurface,thepericardialsac,andthediaphragm.The
anteriormediastinumcontainsfatandareolartissueandtheinferior
partofthethymusoritsremnant.

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Middlemediastinum:Thisregioncontainsthepericardialsacand
heart.
Posteriormediastinum:Theregioncontaininganatomicstructures

deeptothepericardialsac,includingthethoracicportionofthe
descendingaorta,theazygossystemofveins,thethoracicduct,the

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esophagus,andthevagusandsympatheticnerves.

74.Trueaboutmedialmeniscus:
a)Madeupofhyalinecartilage
b)Injuryoflateralmeniscusismorefrequentthanmedial
meniscus

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c)Cshaped
d)Fixedtomedialcol ateralligament
e)Innerpartismoreavascular
CorrectAnswer-C:D:E
Ans.c.Cshaped;d.Fixedtomedialcollateralligament;e.

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Innerpartismoreavascular
MedialMeniscus
LateralMeniscus
-Semilunar(c)shaped(less
-Semicircular(C)shaped(more

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circular)
circular)
-Largerinradius/diameterbut -Smal erinradius/diameterbut
narrowerinbody&
widerinbody&thickerin

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thinnerinperiphery
periphery
-Posteriorhornislargerthan -Anterior&posteriorhornare
anteriorhorn
uniforminsize

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-Coverslesser(-65%)oftibial -Coversmore(-85%)oftibial
articularsurface
articularsurface
-Entireperipheryisattached -Peripheralareawherepopliteus
tojointcapsule(medial

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tendoncrossesthejoint
capsularligament)
throughpopliteushiatusisnot
attached
-Attachedtomedialcol ateral -Notattachedtolateralcol ateral

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ligament
ligament

-Attachedtobothcruciate
ligaments,andposteriorhorn
receivesanchoragetomedial

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femoralcondylesbyeitherthe
-Doesnotattachtoeither
ligamentofHumphryorligamentof
cruciateligaments
Wrisberg,depending

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onwhichispresent.Itisalso
attachedposteriorlytothe
fasciacoveringpopliteusmuscle
andthearcuatecomplex
atposterolateralcornerofknee.

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-Lessmobilebecauseofits
attachment
-Moremobileb/oitsattachments
-Morepronetoinjury
-Lesspronetoinjury

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75.Whichofthefollowingstatementis/are
trueaboutoculomotornerve:
a)Arisefrompons
b)Edinger-Westphalnucleusgivesrisetoparasympatheticsupply
ofoculomotornerve

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c)Arisefrommedul a
d)Passesthroughinterpeduncularfossa
e)Relatedtomedialwal ofcavernoussinus
CorrectAnswer-B:D
Ans.b.Edinger-Westphalnucleusgivesriseto

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parasympatheticsupplyofoculomotornerve;d.Passes
throughinterpeduncularfossa
NUCLEI:
1.Generalsomaticefferent:
Throughoculomotornucleusformovementofeyebal supplyingall

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extraocularmusclesexceptSuperiorOblique(SO)andLateral
Rectus(LR).
2.Generalvisceralefferent(parasymapthetic):
ThroughEdinger-Westphalnucleusforpupil arycontractionand
accomodation.

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3.Generalsomaticafferent:
Carriesproprioceptivefibresfromtheextraocularmusclesto
mesencephalicnucleusoftrigeminal.
Occulomotornucleus(forgeneralsomaticefferent)andEdinger-
Westphalnucleustogetherformoculomotornuclearcomplex.

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STRUCTURE:
Midbrain

Midbrain
Thirdnervenucleus(atthelevelofthesuperiorcolliculusventral
tothecerebralaqueduct,onthepre-aqueductalgreymatter)

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RedNucleus
SubstantiaNigra
ExitthroughInterpeduncularfossa
Investedwithasheathofpiamater
Passesbetweenthesuperiorcerebel ar&posterior

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cerebralarteries(Nervecompressedbyaneurysmofposterior
communicatingartery)
Piercestheduramater
Passb/wfreeandattachedbordersoftentoriumcerebel i
Cavernoussinus

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Receivesfilamentsfromthecavernousplexusofthesympathetic
nervoussystemandcommunicatingbranchfromV1
Superiororbitalfissure
Orbit
SuperiorandInferiorBranch

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76.Derivative(s)ofmesonephricduct
includes:
a)SomepartofprostaticUrethra
b)Seminalvesicle
c)Roundligamentofuterus

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d)Vasdeferens
e)Ductusdeferens
CorrectAnswer-A:B:D:E
Ans.a.SomepartofprostaticUrethra;b.Seminalvesicle;d.
Vasdeferens;e.Ductusdeferens

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TheWolffianductormesonephricductformstheepididymis,vas
deferensandseminalvesicles.Testosteronedirectsthe
developmentofWolffianduct.
Trigoneofthebladderdevelopfromthecaudalendofthe
mesonephricduct.

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Apairofuretericbudgrowupwardsfromthedistalmesonephric
ductnearitsinsertionintothecloacatoformtherenalpelvis,
calycesandcol ectingducts.
Mostoftheprostateglanddevelopfromthesameprimordialareaof
urogenitalsinusthatformsthevaginalplateinfemales.

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TheMul erianorparamesonephricductformsthefal opiantubes,
uterusandupperthirdofthevagina.

77.AllaretrueregardingUterusexcept:
a)Lymphvesselsfromfundusdraintopara-aorticlymphnodes
b)Broadligamentprovidesprimarysupporttouterus

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c)Mainlysuppliedbyuterinearteries
d)Posteriorsurfaceisrelatedtointestine
e)Al
CorrectAnswer-B
Ans.b.Broadligamentprovidesprimarysupporttouterus

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BLOODSUPPLYANDLYMPHATICS:
Uterineandovarianartery
Venousdrainageisviaaplexusinthebroadligamentthatdrains
intotheuterineveins.
Lymphaticdrainage:iliac,sacral,Paraaorticandinguinallymph

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nodes.
LIGAMENTS:
Pelvicdiaphragm,Uterosacralligament&Transversecervical
ligamentareprimarysupportofuterus
Thetoneofthepelvicfloorprovidestheprimarysupportforthe

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uterus.Someligamentsprovidefurthersupport,securingtheuterus
inplace.Theyare:
BroadLigament:Thisisadoublelayerofperitoneumattachingthe
sidesoftheuterustothepelvis.Itactsasamesenteryfortheuterus
andcontributestomaintainingitinposition.Itdonotprovideprimary

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support.

78.Allaretrueaboutulnarnerveexcept:
a)RootvalueC8TI
b)Passthroughcubitaltunnel
c)Supplyflexordigitorumsuperficialis

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d)Supplyflexorcarpiulnaris
e)Passesbehindmedialepicondyle
CorrectAnswer-C
Ans.c.Supplyflexordigitorumsuperficialis
Nervecourse:

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RootvalueofulnarnerveisC7,C86T1.
Ulnarnerve(C8,T1)arisesfromthemedialcordofthebrachial
plexus&descendsintheintervalb/wtheaxil aryartery&vein
Atelbow,ulnarnervepassesbehindthemedialepicondyle
Thecubitaltunnelisachannelwhichal owstheulnarnervetotravel

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overtheelbow
Variousbranchesofulnarnerveare:?
Inarm:Nobranch.
Inforearm:Therearefollowingbranches:?
Muscular:Inproximalpartofforearmitsuppliesflexorcarpiulnaris

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andmedialhalfofflexordigitorumprofundus.
Cutaneous:Therearetwocutaneousbranchesinforearm:-
Superficialterminalbranch:Itsuppliespalmarisbrevisandskinof
palmarsurfaceofmedial11/2fingers.
Palmarcutaneousbranch:Suppliesskinoverthehypothenar

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eminence.
Dorsal(posterior)cutaneousbranch:Suppliesskinovermedial1/3
ofdorsumofhandanddorsalsurfaceofmedial11/2fingers.

Inhand:Ulnarnerveentersthepalmbypassingsuperficialtoflexor
retinaculumanddividesintotwoterminalbranches:?

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Deepterminalbranch:Itsuppliesadductorpol icis,al interossei,
medialtwo(3rd&4th)lumbricalsandal hypothenarmusclesexcept
palmarisbrevis(i.e.abductordigitiminimi,flexordigitiminimi,
opponensdigitiminimi).

79.Trueregardingsaphenousvein:

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a)Longsaphenousvein-formedascontinuationofmedialsideof
deepvenousarch
b)Longsaphenousvein-situatedposteriortomedialmal eolus
c)Longsaphenousvein-closelyrelatedtosaphenousnerve
d)Shortsaphenousvein-openintogreatsaphenousvein

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e)Shortsaphenousvein-associatedwithsuralnerve
CorrectAnswer-A:C:D:E
Ans.a.Longsaphenousvein-formedascontinuationofmedial
sideofdeepvenousarch;c.Longsaphenousvein-closely
relatedtosaphenousnerve;d.Shortsaphenousvein-openinto

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greatsaphenousvein;e.Shortsaphenousvein-associated
withsuralnerve
LongSaphenousVein
Formedbytheunionofthemedialendofdorsalvenousarchwith
themedialmarginalvein

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Passesupwardsinfrontofthemedialmal eolus,crossesthelower
one-thirdofthemedialsurfaceoftibiaobliquely&runsalongits
medialbordertoreachthebackoftheknees
ThesaphenousnerverunsinfrontofthegreatsaphenousVein
Small/ShortSaphenousVein:

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Formedonthedorsumoffootbytheunionofthelateralendof
dorsalvenousarchwiththelateralmarginalvein
Entersthebackofthelegbypassingbehindthelateralmal eolus
Connectedwiththegreatsaphenousvein&withthedeepveins&is
accompaniedbythesuralnerve

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80.Branchofinternaliliacarteryis/are:
a)Inferiorvesicalartery
b)Inferiorepigastricartery
c)Iliolumbarartery
d)Internalpudendalartery

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e)Obturatorartery
CorrectAnswer-A:C:D:E
Ans.a.Inferiorvesicalartery;c.Iliolumbarartery;d.Internal
pudendalartery;e.Obturatorartery
Branchesofanteriordivisionofinternaliliacarteryare:

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Superiorvesical
Middlerectal
Inferiorvesical(inmales),
Internalpudendal,
Vaginal(infemales),

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Uterine(infemales)
Obturator
Inferiorgluteal.
Branchesofposteriordivisionare:
Iliolumbar

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Lateralsacral
Superiorgluteal.

81.Trueaboutparietalperitoneum:
a)Suppliedbylower5thoracic&1stlumbar
b)Suppliedbylower4thoracic&upper3lumbar

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c)Painissomaticinnature
d)Stretchingofparietalperitoneumcausepain
e)None
CorrectAnswer-A:C
Ans.a.Suppliedbylower5thoracic&1stlumbar;c.Painis

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somaticinnature
ParietalPeritoneum:
Itissensitivetopain,temperature,touch&pressure
Theparietalperitoneumliningtheanteriorabdominalwal issupplied
bythelower6thoracic&1stlumbarnervesthatis,thesamenerves

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thatinnervatetheoverlyingmuscles&skin.
Thecentralpartofdiaphragmaticperitoneumissuppliedbythe
phrenicnerve;peripheral y,diaphragmaticperitoneumissuppliedby
lowersixthoracicnerves.
Theparietalperitoneuminthepelvisismainlysuppliedbythe

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obturatornerve,abranchofthelumbarplexus

82.Compressionofcervicalribcancauses:
a)Thenarhypertrophy
b)Neurovascularsymptom
c)Reynaud'sphenomenon

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d)C8Tlparaesthesia
e)Al
CorrectAnswer-B:C:D
Ans.b.Neurovascularsymptom;c.Reynaud'sphenomenon;d.
C8Tlparesthesia

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Thelowertrunkofthebrachialplexus(C8,Tl),togetherwiththe
subclavianarterymaybeangulatedoveracervicalrib(thoracic
outletsyndrome).
Thereisaslowinsidiousonsetofwastingofthesmal musclesof
thehand,whichoftenstartsonthelateralsidewithinvolvementof

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thethenareminence&firstdorsalinterosseous.
Thereispain&paraesthesiainthemedialaspectoftheforearm
extendingtothelitdefinger

83.Featuresofstellateganglionlesions
include:

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a)Miosis
b)Vasodilationinipsilateralarm
c)Mydriasisincontralateraleye
d)Mydriasisinipsilateraleye
e)Visualloss

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CorrectAnswer-A:B
Ans.a.Miosis;b.Vasodilationinipsilateralarm
HorneroccurduetoinjuryofTlsympathetictrunk.Thereisptosis,
miosis,anhydrosis(vasodilation&lackofthermalsweating),
enophthalmos(sunkenglobe),lossofcilio-spinalreflex,narrow

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palpebralfissureofaffectedside

84.Trueaboutattachmentofsuprapleural
membrane:
a)AttachedtoClavicle
b)Attachedtolstrib&itscostalcartilage

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c)Attachedto2ndrib&itscostalcartilage
d)Attachedtojunctionofmanubrium&bodyofsternum
e)Attachedtotipofthetransverseprocessofthe7thcervical
vertebrae
CorrectAnswer-B:E

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Ans.b.Attachedtolstrib&itscostalcartilage;e.Attachedto
tipofthetransverseprocessofthe7thcervicalvertebrae
SuprapleuralMembrane:
Itistentshapedfibroussheetattachedlateral ytothemedialborder
ofthelstrib&costalcartilage.

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Medial yitattachedtothefasciainvestingthestructurespassing
fromthethoraxintotheneck.
Itisattachedatitsapextothetipofthetransverseprocessofthe
7thcervicalvertebrae

85.TrueaboutanatomyofEustachiantube:

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a)Aeratemiddleear
b)Openduringswal owing
c)Lager&widerinadultthanchildren
d)Morehorizontalininfant&children
e)Openinoropharynx

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CorrectAnswer-A:B:D
Ans.a.Aeratemiddleear;b.Openduringswallowing;d.More
horizontalininfant&children
TheEustachiantube/auditorytubeintheadultis36mmin
length.(Range32-38mm)Fromitstympanicend,itruns

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downwardforwardandmedial yjoininganangleof45?with
horizontal.
Ininfants,thetubeisshorter,widerandismorehorizontal.
Thetympanicendoftheeustachiantubeisbonyandissituatedin
theanteriorwal ofmiddleear.

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Thepharyngealendofthetubeisslitlikeandissituatedinthe
lateralwal ofthenasopharynx,1-1.25cmbehindtheposteriorend
ofinferiorturbinate.
Normal yEustachiantube(ET)isclosedandopensintermittently
duringyawning,swal owingandsneezingthroughactivecontraction

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ofTensorvilipalatinimuscle.
Normaltubalfunction:
Abilityoftubetoequilibratepositive&negativepressurestoambient
pressure.
Donebothinpatientswithperforatedorintacttympanicmembrane.

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86.Whichofthefollowingsinusesopeninto
middlemeatus:
a)Frontalsinus
b)Anteriorethmoidalsinus
c)Posteriorethmoidalsinus

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d)Maxil arysinus
e)Sphenoidsinus
CorrectAnswer-A:B:D
Ans.a.Frontalsinus;b.Anteriorethmoidalsinus;d.Maxillary
sinus

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Partoflateralnasal
wall
Openings
Inferior
Nasolacrimalduct

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Middle
Frontalsinus,Maxil arysinus,Anterior
ethmoidalsinus
Superior
Posteriorethmoidalsinus

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Sphenoethmoidal
recess
Sphenoidsinus