muscarinicantogonists,except:
a)Decreasegastricsecretions
b)Decreaserespiratorysecretions
c)Contractradialmusclesofiris
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d)FascilitatesAVconductione)None
CorrectAnswer-C
Ansis'c'i.e.Contractradialmusclesofiris
Radialmusclesareinnervatedbysympatheticsystemsnotby
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
parasympathetic(muscarinic)systemIrismusclesthatcontrolthesizeofpupil
Therearetwotypesofmusclesiniristhatcontrolthesizeof
pupil:
1. Theirissphincterorconstrictorpupillae(circularmuscles):These
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musclesareinnervatedbytheparasympatheticsystemandcauseconstrictionofpupil(miosis).
2. Theirisdilatorordilatorpupillae(radialmuscles):Thesemuscles
areinnervatedbysympathetic(a,adrenergic)systemandcause
dilatationofpupil(mydriasis)
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
So,pupilsizemaybealteredbyfollowingmechanismsbydifferentANSdrugs:
A.Mydriasis(dilatationofpupil)
Sympathomimeticdrugs(a,agonists):Bycontractionofradial
muscles(dilator).
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Antimuscarinicdrugs:Byblockingtheactionofcircularmuscles(pupillarysphincter).
B.Miosis(constrictionofpupil)
1. Parasympathomimetic(muscarinic)drgus:Bystimulatingthe
contractionofcircularmuscles(pupillarysphincter).
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2. Sympatholyticdrugs(a,antagonists):Byblockingtheactionofradialmuscles(irisdilator)Aboutotheroptions
Muscarinicantagonists(antimuscarinicdrugs)decreasebothgastric
andrespiratory(bronchial)secretionsoAntimuscarinicdrugs
facilitateAVconduction(seepreviousexplanations).
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2.Whichoneofthefollowinganaesthetic
agentsdoesnottriggermalignant
hyperthermia?
a)Halothane
b)Isotlurane
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c)Suxamethoniumd)Thiopentone
e)None
CorrectAnswer-D
Ans.is'd'i.e.,Thiopentone
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DrugscausingMalignanthyperthermiaSuccinylcholine
Enflurane
Methoxyflurane
Phenothiazines
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HalothaneSevoflurane
MAOinhibitors
Lignocaine
Isoflurane
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DestluraneTCA
SuccinylcholineisthemostcommoncauseofMH.
Amongstanaesthetics,halothaneismostcommoncause.
CombinationofSchandHalothanehasamuchhigherincidence.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisfalse
aboutAcyclovir-
a)ItinhibitsDNAsynthesisandviralreplication
b)Itiseffectiveagainstinfluenza
c)Ithaslowtoxicityforhostcells
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d)Renalimpairmentnecessitatesdosereductione)None
CorrectAnswer-B
Ans.is'b'i.e.,Itiseffectiveagainstinfluenza
Acyclovir
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Itisadeoxygunosineanalogue-inhibitsDNAsynthesisby?1. InhibitsherpesvirusDNApolymerasecompetitively.
2. GetsincorporatedinviralDNAandstopslengtheningofDNAstrand.
TheterminatedDNAinhibitsDNApolymeraseirreversibly.
Itispreferentiallytakenupbythevirusinfectedcells.Becauseof
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selectivegenerationoftheactiveinhibitorinthevirusinfectedcellsanditsgreaterinhibitoryeffectonviralDNAsynthesis,acyclovirhas
lowtoxicityforhostcells.
Itisactiveagainstherpesgroupofvirus(HSV-l>HSV-2>VZV=
EBV.CMVisnotinhibited).
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Acyclovirisprimarilyexcretedunchangedinurine,bothbyglomerularfiltrationandtubularsecretion.Renalimpairment
necessitatesdosereduction.
4.Whichofthefollowingisacommonside-
effectofCisplatin-
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
a)Diarrheab)Vomiting
c)Pulmonaryfibrosis
d)Alopecia
e)None
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CorrectAnswer-BAns.is'b'i.e.,Vomiting
Mostcommonside-effectofCisplatinis:Vomiting(highlyemetic
drug).
Themostimportantdosedependenttoxicityisrenalimpairment.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Amifostineislabelledforreductionofcisplatininducednephrotoxicity.
Tinnitus,deafness,sensoryneuropathy&hlperuricaemiaareother
problems.
Shocklikestatesometimesoccurduringi.vinfusion.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
5.Trueaboutbenzodiazepineis:
a)GABAmimetic
b)GABAfacilitator
c)Notasafedrug
d)Highabsuepotential
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
e)PowerfulenzymeinducerCorrectAnswer-B
Ans.is'b'i.e.,GABAfacilitator
[Ref.:KDTVh/ep.401,402&6th/ep.393;KatzungILth/ep.375;
Goodman&Gilman1Lth/ep.405]
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Mechanismofactionofbenzodiazepines(BZDs):ActsonGABA-Areceptors.
BZDsreceptorincreasetheconductanceofCl-channel.
BZDsdonotthemselvesincreaseCl-conductance,i.e.theyhave
onlyGABAfacilitatorybutnoGABAmimeticaction.(Barbiturates
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havebothGABAfacilitatoryandGABAmimeticactions).6.Firstdosesyncopeisseenin?
a)Alphablocker
b)Betablocker
c)CCB
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d)ACEinhibitorse)Alloftheabove
CorrectAnswer-A:D
Ans.is'a'i.e.,Alphablocker&'d'i.e.,ACEinhibitors
[Ref:KDTVh/ep.565&6h/ep.546]
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Firstdosehypotension(Firstdosephenomenon):Thefirst-dosephenomenonisasuddenandseverefallinblood
pressurethatcanoccurwhenchangingfromalyingtoastanding
positionthefirsttimethatanalphablockerdrugisusedorwhen
resumingthedrugaftermanymonthsoff.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Thisusuallyhappensshortlyafterthefirstdoseisabsorbedintothebloodandcanresultinsyncope(fainting).
Thealphablockerprazosinisthemostnotoriousforproducingafirst
dosephenomenon.
Otherdrugsofthesamefamily,doxazosinandterazosincanalso
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causethisphenomenon,thoughlessfrequently.OtherdrugsassociatedwithitareACEinhibitors,Sargramostim&
Muromonab,CD3.
7.Whichofthefollowingdrugisnotusedin
thetreatmentofmucormycosis?
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a)Fluconazoleb)Voriconazole
c)Posaconazole
d)5-flucytosine
e)AmphotericinB
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CorrectAnswer-A:B:DAns.is'a'i.e.,Fluconazole,'b'i.e.,Voriconazole&'d'i.e.,5-
flucytosine
[Ref:Goodman6Gilman1l,h/ep.1254;KDTVh/ep.795;
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Amongstazole,onlyposaconazoleisactiveagainstmucormycosisAntifungaltreatmentofmucormycosis:
First-LineMonotherapy:
Mucormycosisisaseriousinfectionandneedstobetreated
with.prescriptionantifungalmedication,usuallyamphotericinB
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
(giventhroughanIV),posaconazole(giventhroughanIVororally)orisavuconazole(giventhroughanIVororally).
Fluconazole,voriconazole,anditraconazoledonothavereliable
activityagainstmucormycosis.
5-flucytosine:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Flucytosineisnotemployedasthesoletherapyexceptoccasionallyinchromoblastomycosis.
Itisusedinlimitedtothetreatmentofcryptococcalmeningitis,in
conjunctionwithAMP-B.
8.Antibioticsactingbyinhibitionofprotein
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synthesisinclude?a)Penicillin
b)Vancomycin
c)Aminoglycoside
d)Fluroquinolones
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e)ChloramphenicolCorrectAnswer-C:E
Ans.is'c'i.e.,Aminoglycoside,&'e'i.e.Chloramphenicol
[Ref:KDT7/ep.734;Katzung13'h/ep.789]
Inhibitionofproteinsynthesis(translation):
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Drugsactingbyinhibitingproteinsynthesisaretetracyclines,chloramphenicol.aminoglycosides.Erythromycin,clindamycin,
linezolid.
Allproteinsynthesisinhibitorsarebacteriostaticexcept
aminoglycosidesandstreptograminswhicharebactericidal.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Thesedrugscanbedividedinto:a)Basedonthestepsoftranslation(proteinsynthesis)on
whichdrugact:
Freezeinitiation:Aminoglycosides.
Inhibitelongation:Tetracyclines,puromycin,chloramphenicol.
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Inhibittranslocation:Clindamycin,erythromycin.Causingprematuretermination:Puromycin.
b)Basedonribosomeonwhichtheyact:
30SribosomezTetracycline,streptomycin.
50Sribosome:Chloramphenicol,erythromycin,clindamycin,
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Linezolid,pleuromutilins(retapamulin).
Both305and505ribosomes:Aminoglycoside(except
streptomycin).
9.Drugscontraindicatedinmyastheniagravis
include?
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a)Neostigmineb)Neomycin
c)Edrophonium
d)Atropine
e)Paracetamol
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CorrectAnswer-B:DAns.is'b'i.e.,Neomycin&'d'i.e.Atropine
Ref:KDTVh/ep.110&/ep.104;Katzung1Ltu/ep.107;internet
Aspirin,non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrugs(NSAIDs)suchas
ibuprofenandnaproxen,andacetaminophen(paracetamol)are
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
consideredsafeforMG,thatis,theyhavenotbeenshowntoworsenMGorcausemuscleweakness.
Neostigmineisusedinmyastheniagravis.
Edrophoniumcanbeusedfordiagnosisofmyastheniagravisas
tensilontest(fordiagnosisofcholinergiccrisis).
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10.Drugswhichhavebotha&receptor
activityinclude?
a)Epinephrine
b)Nor-epinephrine
c)Phenylephrine
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
d)Dopaminee)Isprenaline
CorrectAnswer-A:B:E
Ans.is'a'i.e.,Epinephrine,'b'i.e.Nor-epinephrine&'d'i.e.
Dopamine
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Ref:GoodmanandGilman's12th/ep.812Nor-adrenalinehasmainlyalphaactionwithslighteffectoncardiac
beta1receptors(alpha&beta1action).
Adrenalinehasnonselectiveactiononbothalpha(alpha1+alpha
2)&beta(beta1+beta2)receptors.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Phenylephrineisaselectivealpha1agonistandhasnegligiblebetaaction
Dopamineisadopamine(D1&D2)aswellasadrenergicalphaand
beta1agonist(Notbeta2).
Isoprenalinehasbeta(beta1+beta2action),butnoalphaaction.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
11.Sideeffectsoftricyclicantidepressants
include?
a)Diarrhea
b)Weightloss
c)Hypertension
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
d)Tremerse)Urinaryretention
CorrectAnswer-D:E
Ans.is'd'i.e.,Tremors&'e'i.e.,Urinaryretention
[RelKDTVh/ep.459;Goodman&Gilmanllth/ep.448]
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
AdverseeffectsofTCAs:Anticholinergic-Drymouth,badtaste,urinaryretention,blurred
vision,palpitations,constipation.
Sedation,mentalconfusion,weakness.
Increasedappetiteandweightgain.
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Sweatingandfinetremor.12.Antiandrogenicdrugsinclude?
a)Danazole
b)Finesteride
c)Ketoconazole
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
d)Latrezolee)Spironolactone
CorrectAnswer-B:C:E
Ans.is'b'i.e.,Finasteride,'c'i.e.Ketoconazole&'e'i.e.
Spironolactone
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
[Ref:KDTVh/ep.858,302;Harrison18th/ep.802,803]Antiandrogensdrugs:
5-alpha-reductaseinhibitors:
Thesedrugsinhibittheenzyme5-alpha-reductasewhichconverts
testosteroneintomoreactivedihydrotestosterone.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Thesedrugsarefinasterideanddutasteride.Theseareusedinbenignprostatichypertrophy,hirsutismandrnale
patternbaldness.
Sideeffectsaredecreasedlibido,impotence,skinrashandswelling
oflips.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Note:-Finasterideselectivelyinhibitstype-25alpha-reductase,whereas
dutasterideinhibitsbothtype-1andtype-25-alphareductases.
Otherdrugswithantiandrogenicactionare:
SuperactiveGnRHagonists,spironolactone,cimetidine,
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progesteroneandketoconazole.13.Dopamineatthedoseof8?g/kg/min
produces?
a)Increasedsystemicvascularresistance
b)Decreasedsystemicvascularresistance
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c)Renalvasodilatationd)Increasedstrokevolume
e)Increasedheartrate
CorrectAnswer-A:C:D:E
Ans.is'a'i.e.,Increasedsystemicvascularresistance,'c'i.e.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Renalvasodilation,'d'i.e.Increasedstrokevolume&'e'i'e..Increasedheartrate
[Ref:Modernpharmacologywithclinicalapplication2d/ep.208;
KDTVh/ep.426;KatzungLlth/ep.139)
Dopamine:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Itisadopamine(D1&D2)aswellasadrenergicalpha&beta1agonist(notbeta-2).
TheD1receptorsinrenalandmesentericbloodvesselsarethe
mostsensitive.
I.v.infusionoflowdose(1-5microgram/kg/min)ofdopaminedilates
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
thesevesselsbyraisingintracellularcAMp.Moderatelyhighdosesproduceapositiveionotropiceffect(direct
beta1&D1action+duetoNArelease),butlittlechronotropic
effectonheart).
Theadvantageofthisgreaterinotropiceffect(increasedforceof
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
contraction)thanchronotropiceffect(increasedheartrate)ofdopamineisthatitproducessmallerincreaseinoxygendemandby
theheart.
Largedoses(>10microgram/kg/minproducevasoconstriction
(alpha1action).
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Athighdoses,itiscalledinoconstrictorbecauseithasinotropicandvasoconstrictoreffect.
14.Antiviraldrug(s),whichis/areapro-drug?
a)Acyclovir
b)Ganciclovir
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
c)Ziduvudind)Tenofovir
e)Foscarnet
CorrectAnswer-A:B:C
Ans.is'a'i.e.,Acyclovir,'b'i.e.Ganciclovir&'c'i.e.Zidovudine
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
[Ref.KDT7/ep.22&p.24;GoodmanGillmanp.534:BennetBrownclinicalpharmap.404;Katzungp.361,385;
ww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Anti-herpesvirus:Acyclovir,Valacyclovir.penciclovir,Famciclovir,
Garciclovir,valganciclovir.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Anti-Retrovirus:Nucleosidereversetranscriptaseinhibitors(NRTIs)-Zidovudine,Didanosine.Zalcitabine,Stavudine,amirudin,
Abacavir.
Foscametisunrelatedtoanynucleicacidprecursor,sodoesnot
requirephosphorylationforactivation.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Tenofovirisanucleotideanddoesnotrequirebioactivationbykinases.
Oralbioavailabilityoftenofovirincreaseswithmeals(decreasedfor
otherNRTIs).
15.Diureticdrugswhicharecarbonic
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anhydraseinhibitorsinclude?a)Acetazolamide
b)Spironolactone
c)Furesemide
d)Chlorthiazide
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
e)TopiramateCorrectAnswer-A:E
Ans.is'a'i.e.,Acetazolamide&'e'i.e.Topiramate
Ref:KDT7/ep.5g7,420,155;Katzung13h/ep.255]
Carbonicanhydraseinhibitors(acetazolamide):
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Carbonicanhydrase(CAse)isanenzymewhichcatalyzesthereversiblereactionofbicarbonateformation.
Theenzymeispresentinrenaltubularcells(specialtyPT),gastric
mucosa,exocrinepancreas,ciliarybodyoftheeye,brainandRBC,
Acetazolamide,dichlorphenamide,methazolamideandtopiramate
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
arecarbonicanhydraseinhibitors.Dorzolamide&Brinzolamideisalsoacarbonicanhydraseinhibitors
specificforCA-II.
Carbonicanhydraseinhibitorsactbyanon-competitive,reversible
inhibitionoftheenzymecarbonicanhydrase.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Asinhibitionisreversible,actionofcarbonicanhydraseinhibitorsisselflimiting.
16.Drugswhichareusedinacuteasthma
include?
a)Budesonide
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
b)Terbutalinec)Salbutamole
d)Theophylline
e)Sodiumcromoglycate
CorrectAnswer-B:C:D
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Ans.is'b'i.e.,Terbutaline,'c'i.e.Salbutamole&'d'i.e.Theophylline
[Ref:KDTVh/ep.223]
Treatmentofacuteasthma:
Theonlydrugseffectiveforthetreatmentofacuteattackofasthma
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
arebronchodilators(beta2-receptoragonists,anticholinergics,andmethylxanthines).
Mildattacks:
Forpatientswithmildattackinhalationofashortactingbeta-2
receptoragonist,e.g.salbutamol(albuterol),terbutalineisused.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Aninhaledanticholinergic,e.g.ipratropiummaybeaddedifthereisnosatisfactoryresponsetobeta2-agonistsalone.
Inpatientswhoarerefractorytoinhaledtherapies,i.v.aminophylline
(theophylline)maybeeffective.
Severeattacks:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Oxygenphtscontinuousadministrationofaerosolizedsalbutamol(albuterol)plussystemicsteroids,e.g.methylprednisolone,
hydrocortisone.
Recently,MgSO4hasbeentriedinacutesevereasthmabyIVor
inhalationroute.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
17.Antiplateletdrugswithadenosine
receptorinhibitionpropertyinclude?
a)Ticlopidine
b)Clopidogrel
c)Prasugrel
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
d)Abciximabe)Cilastazole
CorrectAnswer-A:B:C
Ans.is'a'i.e.,Ticlopidine,'b'i.e.Clopidogrel&'c'i.e.Prasugrel
Ref:KDTVh/ep.629&6h/ep.609;KatzunglLth/ep.598
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
ADPmediatedplateletactivationthroughcAMPisinhibitedby(antagonismofP2Y12)receptorsonADP:-
Irreversible:Ticlopidine.clopidogrel.prasugrel
Reversible;Cangrelor,ticagrelor
18.Drugswithfirstorderkineticsshow?
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
a)Increasedclearancewithincreaseinconcentrationb)Decreasedeliminationwithconcentration
c)Norelationrateofeliminationandconcentration
d)Constantfractionofdrugiseliminatedperunittime
e)Halfliferemainsconstant
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CorrectAnswer-A:D:EAns.is.a,i.e.,Increasedclearancewithincreasein
concentration,'d'i.e.constantfractionofdrugiseliminatedper
unittime&'e'i.e.Halfliferemainsconstant
[Ref:KDTp.31;Katzung13th/ep48]
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Orderofkinetics:Therateatwhicheliminationtakeplaceissubjectedtoimportant
influencesthatarereferredtoasorderofkinetics
Therearetwoordersofsuchelimination:
Firstorderkinetic(LinearKinetics)
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Secondorderkinetic(Non-LinearKinetics)Infirstorderkinetic,
Rateofeliminationdirectlyproportionalplasmaconcentration.
Clearanceremainsconstantbecause,astheplasmaconcentration
Increasestherateofeliminationincreasesproportionately(CL=rate
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
ofelimination/PlasmaConc).HaIfliferemainsconstantbecausetimerequiredtoreducethe
plasmaconcentrationtohalfissame(rateofelimination).
19.Whichofthefollowingis/aretrueabout
pregabalin:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
a)Approveddrugfordiabeticneuropathyb)Approvedfortreatmentofgeneralizedtonicclonicseizure
c)Peripheraledemaissideeffect
d)Somnolenceissideeffect
e)ApprovedforuseinPartialseizure
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CorrectAnswer-A:C:D:EAns.a.ApproveddrugForDiabeticneuropathy;c.Peripheral
edemaissideeffect;d.Somnolenceissideeffect;e.Approved
foruseinpartialseizures.
[RefKDT7th/419;Katzung13th/4M,419;Harrisontgth/2682;
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
PharmacologybySatoskar24th139)Pregabalinside-effectincludes:Cognitivechanges,sedation&
peripheraledema.
GABAanalog.
Antiseizureactivityandforitsanalgesicproperty.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Approvedforuseinneuropathicpain,includingpainfuldiabeticperipheralneuropathy,postherpeticneuralgia&complexregional
painsyndrome.
Toxicityincluded-Somnolence,dizziness,ataxia
20.Drug(s)usedforoveractivebladder:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
a)Oxybutininb)Tolterodine
c)Mirabegron
d)OnabotulinumtoxinA
e)Pirenzepine
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CorrectAnswer-A:B:C:DAns.a.Oxybutynin;b.Tolterodine;c.Mirabegron;D.
OnabotulinumtoxinA
[R4KDf7th/117-18;Katzung13th/127-28;Rang&Date8th/366;
PharmacologybySatoskar24th/3OS-07]
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
OveractiveBladder:AntimuscarinicdrugssuchasOxybutynin,Flavoxate,tolterodine&
trospiumareusedforbothneurogenic&non-neurogenicoveractive
bladder.
Sollfenacin&darifenacinarethenewdrugs(M3antagonist)foruse
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
inoveractivebladder.Mirabegronisbeta-3adrenergicagonistusedforoveractivebladder.
OnabotulinumtoxinAisusedassingleintradetrusorinjection,to
treatoveractivebladder.
21.Allaretrueaboutwarfarinexcept:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
a)ActthroughinhibitionofcoagulationfactorIXb)Protaminesulphatereversesitsaction
c)MonitoringisdonethroughINR
d)TargetofINRwithwarfarinisgenerally2-3
e)Skinnecrosisisusuallyoccurin3-10daysofinitiationof
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
warfarinCorrectAnswer-B
Ans:b.Protaminesulphatereversesitsaction.
[RefKDT7th/620-24;Katzung13th/590-92;Rang&DaleSth/30q
PharmacologybySatoskar24th/jN-301]
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Warfarininducedskinnecrosisisararecomplicationcharacterizedbytheappearanceofskinlesion3-10daysafterinitiationof
treatment.
DoseofwarfarinadjustedtogiveanINRof2-4,theprecisetarget
dependingontheclinicalsituation.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Thereferencerangeforprothrombintimeisusuallyaround12-13secondsandtheINninabsenceofanticoagulationtherapyis0.8-1.
2
Warfarin:Doseregulationisdonebyprothrombintime&INR
(Heparin/aPTT/clottingtime.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
AntagonistisVitK(c.fHeparin-Protaminesulphate).22.TrueaboutM/Aofdoxorubicin:
a)Intercalateb/wDNAstrands
b)InhibitionofDNApolymerase
c)InhibitionofRNApolymerase
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
d)InhibitionoftopoisomeraseIIe)Inhibitionofproteinsynthesis
CorrectAnswer-A:D
Ans.A.Intercalateb/wDNAstrands;D.InhibitionOf
TopoisomeraseII
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
[Ref:KDT7th/867;Katzung13th/932'j5;G6G1lth/1358;PharmacologybySatoskar24th/835)
Doxorubicin:Itactsasanon-specificinhibitoroftopoisomerase-II,
thusinterferingwithDNAreplication.
23.Anticholinergicdrugside-effectincludes:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
a)Constipationb)Urinaryretention
c)Mydriasis
d)Hypothermia
e)Blurringofvision
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CorrectAnswer-A:B:C:EAns:A.Constipation.B.UrinaryretentionC.MydriasisE.
Blurringofvision
[Ref:KDT7th/120;GdzG11th/194;Katzung13th/129;Rang&
Dale\th/164-65;PharmacologybySatoskar24th/301).
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Bodytemperatureisfrequentlyelevated.Unfortunately,children,especiallyinfants,areverysensitiveto
hyperthermiceffectsofatropine.
Constipation&urinaryretention(precipitationespeciallyinelderly)
canoccurwithatropine
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Difficultyinswallowing,drymouth,ferer,dry-flushed&hotskin,difficultyinmicturition,Mydriasis,photophobia,blurringofnear
vision,palpitations,dreadfulvisualhallucination,ataxia,delirium,
psychoticbehavior,weak&rapidpulse,hypotension,
cardiovascularcollapsewithrespiratorydepression,convulsion&
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
coma.24.Whichofthefollowingis/aretrueabout
benefitsofSustainedreleaseformulation
ofdrugs:
a)Decreasedincidenceand/orintensityofundesiredeffects
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
b)Increasespotencyofthedrugc)ReleaseofdrugislessinfluencedbypH
d)Prolongdrugeffect
e)Decreasedfrequencyofadministration
CorrectAnswer-A:C:D:E
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
AnsA.DecreasedIncidenceand/orIntensityofundesiredeffects;c.ReleaseOfDrugIsLessInfluencedBypH;D.
Prolongdrugeffect;E.DecreasedFrequencyofadministration.
[Ref:KDf7th/35;G6'G11th/5;PharmacologybySatoskar24th/7;
http://www.pharmatutor.org/articles/review-sustained-release-
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
dosage'forms).Sustainedreleaseimpliesslowreleaseofthedrugoveratime
period.
Itmayormaynotbecontrolledrelease
Advantagesofsustainedreleasedosageforms:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Controlofdrugtherapyisachieved.Rateandextentofdrugabsorptioncanbemodified
Frequencyofdrugadministrationisreduced.
Patientcompliancecanbeimproved.
Drugadministrationcanbemadeconvenient
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Maximizingtheavailabilityofdrugwithminimumdose.Thesafetymarginofhighpotencydrugcanbeincreased.
25.Trueaboutdrug-responsecurve(DRC):
a)SteepestinmiddleportionoftheDRC
b)InvertedUshapedcurvemaybeforsomedrug
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
c)Rectangularhyperbola-whenplottedinlogarithmicscaled)Sigmoidshape-whenplottedinlogarithmisused
e)Enablescomparisonofpotencyofdrugs
CorrectAnswer-A:B:C:E
Ans.(A)SteepestinmiddleportionoftheDRC(B)InvertedU
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
shapedcurvemaybeforsomedrug(C)Rectangularhyperbola-whenplottedinlogarithmicscale(E)Enablescomparisonof
potencyofdrugs
Dose-ResponseRelationship:
Rectangularhyperbola.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Sigmoidalcurveindose-responserelationship:thesteepestportioninthemiddle-wiki.
DRCisusedtomeasure-drugpotency,drugefficacy&drugsafety-
slideshare.
Somedrugscauselow-dosestimulationandhigh-doseinhibitionof
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
response.TheseU-shapedrelationshipsforsomereceptorsystemsaresaidto
displayhormesis.
Severaldrug-receptorsystemscandisplaythispropertye.g.,
prostaglandins,endothelin,andpurinergicandserotonergic
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
agonists,amongothers),whichislikelytobeattherootofdrugtoxicity.
26.Trueaboutorganophosphoruspoisoning:
a)Atropineisbestforearlytreatment&maintenance
b)Pralidoximeisimportantforrestoringneuromuscular
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
transmissionc)Phenytoinistheprimarydrugusedforseizurecontrol
d)Mydriasispresent
e)Pralidoxime&atropineworkssynergistically
CorrectAnswer-A:B:E
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Ans.(A)Atropineisbestforearlytreatment&maintenance(B)Pralidoximeisimportantforrestoringneuromuscular
transmission(E)Pralidoxime&atropineworkssynergistically
[RefReddy32nd/495-97;G&Gltth/21};KDT7th/111:13th/979-80;
PharmacologybySatoskar24th/297]
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
OrganophosPhorusPoisoning:AIIcaseofAnti-ChEpoisoningmustbepromptlygivenatropine2
mgi.Vrepeatedevery10mintilldryness&othersignsof
atropinizationappear.
Continuedtreatmentwithmaintenancedosesmayberequiredfor1-
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
2weeksTheuseofoximesinorganophosphatepoisoningissecondaryto
thatofatropine.Moreventheclinicalbenefitofoximesishighly
variable.
Controlofconvulsionswithjudicioususeofdiazepam.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Ocularmanifestationsincludemarkedmiosis'ocularpain'conjunctivalcongestion,diminishedvision,ciliaryspasm,Andbrow
ache.
Atropineinsufficientdosageeffectivelyantagonizestheactionsat
muscarinicreceptorsites,andtoamoderateextentatperipheral
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
ganglionicandcentralsites27.Whichofthefollowingdrug(s)actby
inhibitingproteinsynthesisbyattaching
to50Sribosome:
a)Tetracycline
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
b)Ampicillinc)Isoniazid
d)Imipramine
e)Ethionamide
CorrectAnswer-B:C
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Ans.(B)Ampicillin(C)Isoniazid[KDT7th/734,768;Katzung13th/789]
Tetracyclinesbindto30Sribosome&inhibitaminoacylRNA
attachmenttotheAsite
Erythromycin&clindamycinbindto50Sribosome&hinder
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
translocationoftheelongatedpeptidechainbackfromAsitetoPsite.PeptidesynthesismaybeprematurelyTerminated.
ChloramPhenicolbindsto50Ssubunit'Itinterferewithpeptidebond
formation&transferofpeptidechainfromPsite
Aminoglycosidesbindtoseveralsitesat30S&50Ssubunits-freeze
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
initiation,interferewithpolysomeformation&causemisreadingofmRNAcode
28.OCPefficacydecreaseswithconcurrent
administrationofwhichofthefollowing
drug(s):
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
a)Phenytoinb)Ampicillin
c)Isoniazid
d)Imipramine
e)Ethionamide
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CorrectAnswer-A:BAns.(A)Phenytoin(B)Ampicillin
[RefKDT7th/326;Katzung13th/712;Rang&DaIe9th/434:
PharmacologybySatoskar24th/967).
Contraceptivefailuremayoccurwithconcurrentadministration
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
of:Enzymeinducer:Phenytoin,phenobarbital,primidone,
carbamazepine,rifampin,ritonavir-Metabolismofestrogenic&
progestationalcomponentisincreased.
Tetracyclines-ampicillin.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Deconjugationofestrogenssecretedinbilefailstooccurtheirenterohepaticcirculationisinterruptedbloodlevelfal
29.Allaretrueabouttamoxifeneexcept:
a)Usedasadjuvanttherapyinestrogenreceptorpositivebreast
cancer
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
b)Approvedfortheprimaryprophylaxisofbreastcancerinhighriskwoman
c)Noeffectonuterus
d)Pro-estrogeneffectonbone
e)CauseendometrialCa
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CorrectAnswer-A:C:D:EAns.(A)Usedasadjuvanttherapyinestrogenreceptorpositive
breastcancer(C)Noeffectonuterus(D)Pro-estrogeneffecton
bone(E)CauseendometrialCa
[Ref;KDT7th/101'02;Katzung13th/106]
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
NMislocatedinneuromuscularjunction6causedepolarizationofmuscleendPlate
NNlocatedonautonomicganglia,adrenalmedulla&CNS
Mostsmoothmuscles&glandshaveM26M3subtypes;M3
Predominates.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Achisamajorneurotransmitteratautonomic,somaticaswellascentralsites.ReleaseofAchfromnerveterminalhelpinsynaptic
transmission
30.
Whichoffollowingtrueregarding
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
acetylcholinereceptors:a)M2receptor-heart
b)MIreceptor-smoothmuscle
c)NMreceptorispresentonneuromuscularjunction
d)Synapticjunction-Achistransmitter
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
e)NNlocatedonadrenalmedullaCorrectAnswer-A:C:D:E
Ans.(A)M2receptor-heart(C)NMreceptorispresenton
neuromuscularjunction(D)Synapticjunction-Achis
transmitter(E)NNlocatedonadrenalmedulla
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
[Ref;KDT7th/101'02;Katzung13th/106]NMislocatedinneuromuscularjunction6causedepolarizationof
muscleendPlate
NNlocatedonautonomicganglia,adrenalmedulla&CNS
Mostsmoothmuscles&glandshaveM26M3subtypes;M3
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Predominates.Achisamajorneurotransmitteratautonomic,somaticaswellas
centralsites.ReleaseofAchfromnerveterminalhelpinsynaptic
transmission
31.Antibioticofchoicefor
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Stenotrophomonasmaltophiliainfectionis:
a)Ampicillin
b)Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole(TMP-SMX)
c)Penicillin
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
d)Ciprofloxacine)None
CorrectAnswer-B
Ans:b.Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole(TMP-SMX)
32.TNF-aInhibitorsareusedfor:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
a)Ulcerativecolitisb)Crohn'sdisease
c)Rheumatoidarthritis
d)Psoariasis
e)Lichenplanus
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CorrectAnswer-A:B:C:DAns.A,UlcerativecolitisB,Crohn'sdiseaseC,Rheumatoid
arthritisD,Psoariasis
[RefHanison19th/1961;NeenaKhanna5th/58,68;CMDT2016/641;
KDT7th/883-84).
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
TNF-alphaInhibitors:UseEtanercept-Rheumatoidarthritis,severe/refractoryankylosing
spondylitis,plaquepsoriasis,polyarticularidiopathicjuvenilearthritis.
Infliximab-refractoryrheumatoidarthritis,ankylosingspondylitis,
psoriasis,fistulatingCrohn'sdisease,ulcerativecolitis
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Adalimumab-UseaslikeinfliximabCertolizumab-Crohn'sdisease
Golimumab-ulcerativecolitisPsoriasis:TreatmentincludesTNF
blockerslikeetanercept,infliximab.
33.S/EofBevacizumabincludes:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
a)Hypertensionb)Hemoptysis
c)Malena
d)Cerebellarstroke
e)Notcausegastrointestinalperforation
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CorrectAnswer-A:B:C:DAns.A,HypertensionB,HemoptysisC,MalenaD,Cerebellar
stroke
[Ref:KDT7th/871:Katzung13th/937-38;Rang&Dale8th/;
PharmacologybySatoskar24th/840).
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
S/EofBevacizumab:Hypertension
Arterialthromboembolism-heartattack6stroke
Vesselinjury6haemorrhages
Heartfailure
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
ProteinuriaGastrointestinalperforation
Healingdefect
34.Trueaboutmethanolpoisoning:
a)Gastricdecontaminationishelpful
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
b)Formate&formaldehydeareactivemetabolitec)TakingwithEthanolcausemoretoxicity
d)Fomipezoleaspecificantagonist,isgivenfortreatment
e)Causehighaniongapacidosis
CorrectAnswer-A:B:D:E
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Ans.A,GastricdecontaminationishelpfuB,Formate&formaldehydeareactivemetaboliteD,Fomipezoleaspecific
antagonist,isgivenfortreatmentE,Causehighaniongap
acidosis
[Ref:KDT7th/394-96;Katzung13th/393;Pharmacologyby
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Satoskar24th/9s-96).TreatmentofMethylAlcohol
Fomepizole,analcoholdehydrogenaseinhibitor,isapprovedforthe
treatmentofethyleneglycolpoisoningandmethanolpoisoning.
Ethanolusedintravenouslyastreatmentformethanolpoisoning.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Methanolconcentrationshigherthan50mg/dlarethoughttobeanabsoluteindicationforhemodialysisandtreatmentwithfomepizole
orethanol,althoughformatebloodlevelsareabetterindicationof
clinicalpathology.
Hospitalisation,nursingcare
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Gastriclavage,activatedcharcoalTreatmentofacidosis/hypoglycemia
Inhibitionofmethanolmetabolism-Givingethylalcoholdtfomepizole
(aspecificinhibitorofalcoholdehydrogenase&drugofchoicefor
methanolpoisoning)
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Promotemetabolicdegradationofformate:folinicacidtogetherwith
folicacid
Diuretics,urinealkalinisation
Hemodialysisinseverecase
Maintenanceofnutrition
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
35.Whichofthefollowingistrueregarding
ropinirolewrtL-dopa:
a)Cognitivesymptomimproves
b)Lowerincidenceofhallucination
c)Causeexcessivesleepiness
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
d)Moreeffectiveinthetreatmentofpatientswhohavedevelopedon/offphenomena
e)Provideneuroprotectiveeffect
CorrectAnswer-C:D:E
Ans.C,CauseexcessivesleepinessD,Moreeffectiveinthe
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
treatmentofpatientswhohavedevelopedon/offphenomenaE,Provideneuroprotectiveeffect
[Ref:KDT7th/430-31;G&G535-j8;Katzung13th/478;Rang6Date
8th/494-95;PharmacologybySatoskar24th/237
Allthedopamineagonistsinlargerdosescancoutetevere
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
neuropsychiatricadverseeffects.Ropinirole&Pramipexole
SelectiveD2/D1receptoragonists
Bettertolerateddtdonotshowthefluctuationsinefficacyassociated
withlevodopa.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Theydo,however,causesomnolence6sometimeshallucinations(recentevidencesuggeststhattheymaypredisposetocompulsive
behaviours,suchasexcessivegambling,overeating6sexual
excess,relatedtotherewardfunctionsofdopamine
Adisadvantageofcurrentdopamineagonistsistheirshortplasma
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
halfLife(6-8hr),requiring3timesdailydosagethoughslowreleaseoncedailyformulationsarenowavailable
Trialhavefoundthemtoaffordsymptomreliefcomparableto
levodopa.
Sometrialshavenotedlowerincidenceofdyskinesias6motor
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
fluctuationsamongPatientstreatedwiththesedrugsthandosetreatedwithlevodopa
Itislongeractingthanlevodopa.
Highincidenceofhallucination&sleepiness
36.Whichofthefollowingdrug(s)comesin
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
riskcategoryBofFDAteratogenicriskcategoriesforpregnancy:
a)Phenytoin
b)Resperidone
c)Olanazapine
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
d)Clozapinee)Arpirazole
CorrectAnswer-D
Ans.D.Clozapine
[Ref:KDT7th/90;Katzung13th/1018;Rang6Dale8th/700;
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
PharmacologybySatoskar24th/1122;http://schizophreniabulletin-oxfordjournal]
CategoryA:
Norisktofetusinhumanstudies
Levothyroxine
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
PotassiumSupplementation
MgSO4
CategoryB
Animalstudiesshownorisk
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
HumanstudiesarelackingPenicillins
Cephalosporins
Macrolides
Brimonidine
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CategoryC
AnimalstudiesshowPositiveteratogenicrisk
Humanstudiesarenotavailable
Albuterol
Zidovudine
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CCBMorphine
Atropine
CategoryD
Humanandanimalstudiesshowpositiveteratogenicrisk
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Canbeusedinpregnancybecauseofbenefitsgreaterthanriskmightbeacceptable.
Corticosteroids
Azathioprine
Carbamazepine
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
ValproateMethotrexate
Lithium
CategoryX
Humanandanimalstudiesshowpositiveteratogenicrisk
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Absolutelycontraindicatedinpregnancybecauseofriskgreaterthanbenefits.
Thalidomide
isotretinoin
Fluoroquinolones
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
TetracyclinesChloramphenicol
Warfarin
ACEinhibitors
37.Whichofthefollwingis/areactionof
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
estrogenexcept:a)Developmentofthealveolarsystem
b)Proliferationofstromaofbreast
c)Ductalgrowthofthebreast
d)CBoneresorption
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
e)DevelopmentoflobulesofbreastCorrectAnswer-A:E
Ans.(A)Developmentofthealveolarsystem(E)Development
oflobulesofbreast
Oestrogencausesonlyductdevelopment.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Progesteroneisresponsibleforglandulardevelopment.Itpromotesthegrowthofthelobulesandalveolartissueinbreast.
Promotesthedevelopmentofthealveolar(acinar)systemofthe
breast
Estrogen-functions:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Importantinmaintainingbonemassprimarilybyretargetingboneresorption.
Producedatpubertycausegrowthofbreastsproliferationofducts
andstroma,accumulationoffat.
Stimulatestromaldevelopmentandductalgrowthinthebreast
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Contributetothegrowthofaxillaryandpubiahair.Pigmentationintheskin,mostprominentintheregianofthenipplas
andareolae.
Continuousexposuretoestrogensforprolongedperiodsleadsto
hyperplasiaoftheendometrium.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Decreasetherateofresorptionofbonebypromotingapoptosisof
osteoclastsandbyantagonizingtheosteoclastogenicandpro-
osteoclasticeffectsofparathyroidhormoneandinterleukin-6.
38.Allaretrueaboutbisphosphonatesexcept
:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
a)Preventreabsorptionofbonebyosteoclastb)Structurallysimilartopyrophosphate
c)Absorptionincreaseswithfood
d)Canbesafelygiveninliverdisease
e)None
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CorrectAnswer-CAns.C.Absorptionincreaseswithfood
Bisphosphonates(BPNs):
BPNsareanalogiesofpyrophosphate;carbonatomreplacing
orygenintheP-O-Pskeleton
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
AlloralBNPsarepoorlyabsorbedandproducegastricirritationasmajorsideeffect.
Theyinhibitsboneresorptionandhaverecentlyattracted
considerableattentionbecauseoftheirabilitytoprevent
osteoporosisinadditiontotheirusefulnessinmetabolicbone
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
diseasesandhypercalcemia.MOA:Localizetoregionsofboneresorption&exerttheirgreatest
effectsonosteoclasts.
Foodreducesabsorptionevenfurther,necessitatingtheir
administrationonanemptystomach.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Nearlyhalfoftheabsorbeddrugaccumulatesinbone;theremainderisexcretedunchangedintheurine.
Decreasedrenalfunction,esophagealmotilitydisorders&peptic
ulcerdiseasearethemaincontraindications.
39.Whichofthefollowingis/arenewerdrugs
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
forTB:a)Bedaquiline
b)Clofazimine
c)Coftaroline
d)Rifapentine
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
e)EtanerceptCorrectAnswer-A:B:D
Ans.(A)Bedaquiline(B)Clofazimine(D)Rifapentine
NewerAnti-TBdrugs:
CommunityMedicinewithRecentAdvancesbySuryakantha
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
4ed/371Rifabutin
Rifapentine-400mgtwiceweekly.
Macrolides:Roxithrornycin,Clarithromycin,Azithromycin
Amikacin
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Fluoroquinolones:Ciprofloxacin,ofloxacinandsparfloxacinB-lactamantibiotic:trialsaregoingonwithamoxicillin-clavulanic
acid
Clofazimine-200mg/d
Paromomycin
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Cytokineimmunotherapy:IL-2,cytokinegammainterferonandcytokineIL-12
Bedaquiline-Multi-drugresistanttuberculosis(MDR-TB)-400mg/d
40.Allaretrueaboutoralirontherapyin
anemiaexcept:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
a)Mayworseninflammatoryboweldiseaseb)Ittakesminimum2weeksforreticulocytecounttoincrease
c)Generally3-6monththerapyisrequiredtoreplenishironstores
d)Gastrointestinalside-effectslimitsitsdose
e)Hblevelisgenerallyattainedin1-3month
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CorrectAnswer-BAns.B.Ittakesminimum2weeksforreticulocytecountto
increase
OralironTherapy:
Followingoraliron,normalHblevelisusuallyobtainedwithin1to3
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
months.DependingmainlyontheinitialHblevel.
Itisimportant,however,tocontinuewiththetherapyfor12-20
weeksaftertheHblevelhasreturnedtonormal,inordertoreplenish
thedepletedironstores.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Thereticulocytecountintheperipheralbloodbeginstorisewithinaweek,reachesapeakat10to14daysandreturnstonormalafter3
weeks
AdverseEffectsofOraliron:
Epigastricpain,heartburn,nausea,vomiting,bloatingstainingof
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
teeth,metallictaste,col:la,Alterationofintestinalflora.
Gastricirritationandconstipation.
TreatmentofironDeficiency:
Abilityofthepatienttotolerateandabsorbmedicinaliron.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
41.DrugthatcanpotentiateTorsadesde
pointes:
a)Amiodarone
b)Sotalol
c)Chlorpromazine
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
d)Cisapridee)Aspirin
CorrectAnswer-A:B:C:D
Ans,A,AmiodaroneB,SotalolC,Chlorpromazine&D,Cisapride
TorsadesdePointes(VentricularTachycardia)
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Antiarrhythmics:Quinidine,procainamide,disopyramide,propafenone,amiodarone
Antimalarials:
Quinine,mefloquine,artemisinin,halofantrine
Antibacterials:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Sparfloxacin,moxifloxacinAntihistamines:
Terfenadine,astemizole,ebastine
Antidepressants:
Amitriptylineandothertricyclics.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Antipsychotics:Thioridazine,pimozide,aripiprazole,ziprasidone
Prokinetic:
Cisapride
42.Drugwhichcanbegivenbyinhalation
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
route:a)Zileuton
b)Steroid
c)Salbutamol
d)Tobramycin
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
e)NoneCorrectAnswer-B:C
Ans.(B)Steroid(C)Salbutamol
lnhalatlonalsteroids.Beclomethasone,dipropionate,budesonide,
fluticasonepropionate,flunisolideandciclesonide.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Salbutamol:usedinformoforal,i.m/s.candinhalation.Zileuton:Itisavailableonlyasextendedrelease(oral)formulation.
Tobramycin:Usedinformofi.m/i.v,eyedrop
43.Liverfunctiontest(LFT)monitoringis/are
requiredinuseofwhichofthefollowing
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
DiseaseModifyingAntirheumaticDrugs(DMARDs):
a)Methotrexate
b)Hydroxychloroquine
c)Sulfasalazine
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
d)Leflunomidee)Gold
CorrectAnswer-A:D:E
Ans.(A)Methotrexate(D)Leflunomide(E)Gold
DMARDsUsedforthetreatmentofrheumatoidarthritis:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Hydroxychloroquine-Funduscopicandvisualfieldtestingevery12months.
Sulfasalazine-CBCevery2-4weeksforthefirst3months,then
every3months
Methotrexate&Leflunomide-CBC,creatinine,LFTsevery2-3
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
monthsTocilizumab-CBCandLFTsatregularintervals
44.Trueabouteffectofsteroidintakein
inflammatoryconditions:
a)Proanaboliceffectonmuscles
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
b)Tglucoseinplasmac)-vefeedbackoncorticotropin-releasinghormone(CRH)
production
d)Maycauseosteoporosis
e)None
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CorrectAnswer-B:C:DAns.B,TglucoseinplasmaC,-vefeedbackoncorticotropin-
releasinghormone(CRH)production&D,Maycause
osteoporosis
Glucocorticoids:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
GivenchronicallysuppressthepituitaryreleaseofACTHGlucocorticoidsincreaseserumglucoselevel.
GlucocorticoidsstimulateRNAandproteinsynthesisintheliver,
theyhavecatabolicandantianaboliceffectsintymphofuland
connectivetissue,muscla,peripheralfat'andsldn.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CortisolhasanegativefeedbackonACTHandCRHproduction.45.Drugswhichcanbeusedingestational
hypertension:
a)Metoprolol
b)Labetalol
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
c)Methyldopad)Sustainedreleasenifedipine
e)Losartan
CorrectAnswer-A:B:C:D
Ans.(A)Metoprolol(B)Labetalol(C)Methyldopa(D)Sustained
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
releasenifedipineAntihypertensiveagentsusedinpregnancy:Methyldopa,
lrydralazlne,labetalol,Nifedipine,atenolol.
46.Trueaboutosmoticdiuretics:
a)Osmoticdiureticshavetheirmajoreffectinthedistal
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
convolutedtubuleb)Contraindicatedincongestiveheartfailure
c)CausesHyperkalemia
d)Increasesrenalbloodflow
e)None
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CorrectAnswer-B:C:DAnd.B,ContraindicatedincongestiveheartfailureC,Causes
Hyperkalemia&D,Increasesrenalbloodflow
OsmoticDiuretics:
Majoreffectintheproximaltubuleandthedescendinglimbof
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Henle'sloop.InhibitsTransportprocessesinthethinkAscLH.
Uses:
Usedtoincreasewaterexcretioninpreferencetosodiumexcretion.
ExtracellularVolumeexpansion-Effectcancomplicateheartfailure
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
andmayproducefloridpulmonaryedema-ContraindicatedinCHF.Causesdehydration,Hyperkalemia,andHypernatremia
Headache,nausea&vomitingarecommonlyobservedinpatients
treatedwithosmoticdiuretics.
47.Whichofthefollowingdyadsshow
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
clinicallysignificantdruginteractions:a)Vancomycin--AmphotericinB
b)Rantidine-Atorvastatin
c)Warfarin--Aspirin
d)Allopurinol--Azathioprine
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
e)Aminoglycoside+VancomycinCorrectAnswer-A:C:D:E
Ans.A,Vancomycin--AmphotericinBC,Warfarin--
AspirinD,Allopurinol--Azathioprine&
E,Aminoglycoside+Vancomycin
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Druginteraction:Drugsmayinteract,butmostcanbecategorizedas
pharmacoKInetic(absorptiondistribution,metabolism,excretion),
phartnacodlmamla(aMitiveorantagonisticeffects),orcombined
interactions.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Eg:Aminoglycosides,vancomycin,cyclosporineandothernephrotoxic
drugenhancetherenalimpairmentcausedbyamphotericinB
Allopurinolinhibitsthedegradationofi-mercaptopurineand
azathioprine;theirdosesshouldbereducedto?.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Enhanced'anticoagulantactionofwarfarin:HighdosesoFsalicylateshavesynergistichypoprothrombinemic
action&alsodisplacewarfarinfromproteinbindingsite.
48.Adverseeffectsofmirtazapineis/are:
a)Insomnia
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
b)Sedationc)Sexualdysfunction
d)Vomiting
e)Weightgain
CorrectAnswer-B:E
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Ans.(B)Sedation(E)WeightgainMirtazapine
Importantadversedrugreactions
markedsedation
increasedappetite
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
weightgainSomnolence(mostcommon)
Drymouth
Constipation
Dizziness
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
MyalgiasIncreaseserumcholesterolconcentrationto20percent
Orthostatichypotension
Agranulocytosis
49.Firstpassmetabolismissignificant
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
problemindruggiventhrough:a)Sublingualroute
b)Rectalroute
c)Intramuscularroute
d)Directlyintostomach
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
e)DirectlyintolargeintestineCorrectAnswer-D
Ans.D,Directlyintostomach
Allorallyadministereddru.gsareexposedtodrugmetabolizing
enzymesintheintestinalwallandliver(wheretheyfirstreach
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
throughtheportalvein).Druggivendirectlyintothestomachandintestinestillhavetopass
throughfirstpassmetabolismintheintestinalwallandinliver.
Approximately50%ofthedrugthatitisabsorbedfromtherectum
willbypasstheliver,thusreducingthehepaticfirst-passeffect.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Presystemicmetabolismlnthcgutandlivercanbeavoidedbyadministeringthedrugthroughsublingual,transdermalorparenteral
(i.v/i.m/intradermal/s.c)routes.
Theeventoffirstpassmetabolismdiffersfordlfierentdrugsandis
animportantdatennlnantoforalbioavallabiltty.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Thehepaticfirst-passeffectcanbeavoidedtoagreatextentbytheuseofsublingualtabletsandtransdermalpreparationsandtoa
lesserextentbytheuseoFrectalsuppositories.
Subltngu.alabsorptionprovidesdirectaccesstosystemicnotportal-
velns.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Thetranscanalrouteofiersthesameadvantage.
50.Allaretrueaboutplasmaproteinbinding
except:
a)Acidicdrugsgenerallybindtoplasmaalbuminandbasicdrugs
toa,acidglycoprotein
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
b)Plasmabindingdeterminesvolumeofdistributionc)Moreplasmaproteinbindingmeansmorestorageinliver
d)Moreplasmaproteinbindingmeanslesspenetrationinvascular
membrane
e)Highdegreeofprotein.indinggenerallymakesthedruglong
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
actingCorrectAnswer-C
Ans.C,Moreplasmaproteinbindingmeansmorestoragein
liver
Drugswhicharehighlyproteinboundorionizedremainlargely
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
withinthevascularcompartmentandhaveverylowvolumeofdistribution.
Acidicdrugsgenerallybindtoplasmaalbuminandbasicdrugstoa2
acidglycoprotein.
Albuminlsamajorcarrierforacidicdrugs.a1-acidglycoprotein
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
blindsbasicdrugs.Clinicallysignificantimplicationsofplasmaproteinbinding:
Bindingofadrugtoplasmaproteinalsolimitsthedrug'sglomerular
fiLtration.
Drugtransportandmetabolismalsoarelimitedbybindingtoplasma
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
proteins.Proteinbounddrugdoesnotcrossmembranes(exceptthrough
largeparacellularspaces,suchasincapillaries).
Tendtohavesmallervolumesofdistribution.
Boundfractionofdruginnotavailableforaction.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Plasmaproteinbindingthustantamountstotemporarystorageofthedrug.
Highdegreeofproteinbindinggenerallymakesthedruglongacting,
51.Carbonicanhydraseinhibitors(S)is/are:
a)Acetazolamide
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
b)Amiloridec)Nitrofurantoin
d)Topiramate
e)None
CorrectAnswer-A:D
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Ans.(A)Acetazolamide(D)TopiramateCarbonicanhydraseinhibitor:Topiramate,Acetazolamida,
methazolamide,dichlorphenamide
orallyinthetreatmentofglaucoma-Acetazolamida,methazolamide,
dichlorphenamide
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Topicallyactivecarbonicanhydraseinhibitors-Dorzolamideandbrinzolamide.
52.Whichofthefollowingis/aretrueabout
pharmacodynamicsofdrugs:
a)Affinitymeanshowstronglydrugbindstoreceptor
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
b)Efficacymeansmaximaleffectbyadrugc)Irreversibleantagonistmainlyformsionicbondswithreceptor
d)Agonistpotencydependsontwoparameters:affinityand
efficacy
e)Forantagonists,efficacyiszero
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CorrectAnswer-A:B:D:EAns.A,Affinitymeanshowstronglydrugbindsto
receptorB,EfficacymeansmaximaleffectbyadrugD,Agonist
potencydependsontwoparameters:affinityandefficacy&
E,Forantagonists,efficacyiszero
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Irreversiblecompetitive(non-equilibrium)antagonismoccurswithdrugsthatpossessreactivegroupsthatformcovalentbondswith
receptor.
ReceptorBlockAntagonisminvolvestwoimportantMechanisms
Reversiblecompetitiveantagonist
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Irreversible,ornon-equilibrium,competitiveantagonism.Drugsactingonreceptorsmaybeagonistsorantagonists.
Agonistpotencydependsontwoparameters:affinity(i.e.tendency
tobindtoreceptors)andefficacy(i.e.ability,oncebound,toinitiate
changesthatleadtoeffects).
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Forantagonists,efficacyiszero.53.Whichofthefollowingis/aretrueabout
Tacrolimus:
a)Amacrolidesantibiotic
b)Structuresimilartocyclosporine
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
c)Derivedfromafungusd)Tcellinhibitor
e)Hirsutismlessevidentthancyclosporine
CorrectAnswer-A:D:E
Ans.(A)Amacrolidesantibiotic(D)Tcellinhibitor(E)Hirsutism
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
lessevidentthancyclosporineTacrolimus:
Immunosuppressantischemicallydifferentfromcyclosporine,but
hasthesamemechanismofaction100timesmorepotent.
MacrolideantibioticproducedbyStreptomycestsukubaensis(a
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
bacteria)MOA:
InhibitionofhelperTcellsviacalcineurin.
BindstotheimmunophilinFK-bindingprotein(FKBP)
Therapeuticapplication,clinicalefficacyaswellastoxicityprofilaare
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
similartocyclosporine.Hypertension,hirsutism,gurnhyperplasiaandhyperuricemiaare
lessmarkedthanwithcyclosporine,buttacrolimusismorelikelyto
precipitatediabetes,causeneurotoxicityalopeciaanddiarrhoea.
Doselimitingtoxicityisrenal.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
54.TrueaboutLowmolecularweightheparin
(IAMB):
a)Anti-factorXaassaymonitoringrequiredineverypatient
b)ItincreasesaPTTmorethanUFH
c)Canbesafelygiveninrenalfailure
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
d)Toxicityistotallyreversedbyprotaminesulphatee)InactivatefactorXaselectively
CorrectAnswer-E
Ans.E.InactivatefactorXaselectively
LowMolecularWeight(LMW)HeparinsandUFH
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
HeparinhasbeenfractionatedintoLMWforms(MW3000-7000)bydifferenttechniques..
InactivateFactorXaselectively.
TheyactonlybyinducingaconformationalchangeinATIIIand,not
byprovidingascaffoldingforinteractionofATIIIwiththrombin.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Asaresult,LMWheparinshavesmallereffectonaPTTandwholebloodclottingtimethanunfractionatedheparin(UFH).
Eliminatedprimarilybyrenalexcretionarenottobeusedinpatients
withrenalfailure..
SinceaPTT/clottingtimesarenotprolonged,Laboratorymonitoring
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
isnotneeded.Protaminedoesnotneutralizefondaparinuxanditonlypartially
reversestheanticoagulanteffectofLMWheparins.
55.TrueaboutMafenide:
a)Canpenetrateeschars
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
b)Doesn'tcauseburningsensationwhenappliedtorawsurfacec)Canbeusedorally
d)Maycausemetabolicacidosis
e)None
CorrectAnswer-D
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Ans.D,MaycausemetabolicacidosisMafenide:
TypicalsulpHonamide.
Usedonlytotally-inhibitsavarietyofgram-positiveandgram-
negativebacteria.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Biggestlimitation-Producesburningsensationandseverepainwhenappliedtorawsurface.
Mainlyemployedforbuntdressingtopreventinfection,butnotto
heatalreadyinfectedcases.
56.Trueaboutcompetitiveantagonistsare?
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
a)Itdecreasesefficacyofagonistb)Itdecreasespotencyofagonist
c)DRCisshiftedtorightside
d)Kmisincreased
e)Vmaxisreduced
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CorrectAnswer-B:C:DAns.(B)Itdecreasespotencyofagonist(C)DRCisshiftedto
rightside(D)Kmisincreased
Competitiveinhibition:
kmisincreased.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
V-maxremainsunchanged.Competitiveantagonist:
1. Antagonistbindstothesamereceptorsasagonist
2. Antagonistresembleschemicallywiththeagonist
3. Thesamemaximalresponsecanbeobtained
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
4. Potencyisreduced(RightshiftofDRC)5. KmisincreasedbutVmaxisunchanged
Noncompetitiveantagonist:
1. Bindstoanothersiteofreceptor
2. Doesnotresemble
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
3. Maximalresponseissuppressed4. Efficacyisreduced(FlatteningofDRC)
5. KmisunchangedbutVmax.isreduced
57.Physiologicalantagonismisfoundin?
a)Isoprenalineandsalbutamol
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
b)Isoprenalineandadrenalinec)Isoprenalineandpropranolol
d)Adrenalineandhistamine
e)Salbutamolandleukotrienes
CorrectAnswer-D:E
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Ans.(D)Adrenalineandhistamine(E)Salbutamolandleukotrienes
[RefKDTp.56]
Physiologicalantagonists:
Produceoppositeactionbyactingondifferentreceptors.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Histamine-bronchoconstriction&adrenaline-bronchodilation.Leukotrienes-bronchoconstriction&salbutamol-bronchodilation.
58.Sideeffectofclozapineare?
a)Sedation
b)Seizures
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
c)Urinaryincontinenced)Decreasedsalivation
e)None
CorrectAnswer-A:B:C
Ans.(A)Sedation(B)Seizures(C)Urinaryincontinence
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
[Ref:KDTp.429;Katzang/ep-497-498]Sideeffectsofclozapine
Agranulocytosis
Urinaryincontinence
UnstableBP&Tachycardia
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Hypersalivation(sialorrhoea)Worseningofdiabetes
Weightgain
Seizures
Sedation
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
59.Whichistrueregardingnaltrexone-
a)Itisanopioidantagonist
b)Itisanopioidagonist
c)Usedinalcoholdependence
d)Usedtotreatopioiddependence
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
e)UsedasarespiratorystimulantCorrectAnswer-A:C:D
Ans.(A)Itisanopioidantagonist(C)Usedinalcohol
dependence(D)Usedtotreatopioiddependence
[RefKDp.467;433,353]
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Naltrexone:Pureopioidantagonistdevoidofagonisticactivity.
RecommendedinalcoholdependencebyUS-FDAasadjuvantin
comprehensivetreatment.
Usedfor'opioidblockade'therapyofpost-addicts.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Usedtotreatacuteintoxicationandmaintenancetherapyofopioidwithdrawal.However,itcanprecipitatewithdrawalsymptoms.
60.Whichofthefollowingis/are
cholinomimetic(Cholinergic)drug(s)?
a)Pilocarpine
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
b)Neostigminec)Bethanechol
d)Donepezil
e)Methacholine
CorrectAnswer-A:C:E
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Ans.(A)Pilocarpine(C)Bethanechol(E)Methacholine[RefKDT7/ep.104;Katzung11*/ep.98]
Cholinergicdrugsmaybedividedinto:(i)Directlyacting,and(ii)
Indirectlyacting(anticholinesterase).
DirectlyActing:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Withmuscarinicaction:Acetylcholine,methacholine,carbachol,bethanechol,pilocarpine,muscarine,arecholine
Withnicotinicaction:-Acetylcholine,carbachol,arecholine(these
threedrugshavebothmuscarinicandnicotiniceffects).
IndirectlyActing(Anticholinesterase):
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
TwotypesCarbamates:Physostigmine,Pyridostigmine,Ambenonium,
Galantamine,Neostigmine,Edrophonium,Donepezil,rivastigmine.
Organophosphates:Echothiophate,Diazinon.
61.TrueaboutCarvedilol?
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
a)alblockerb)31blocker
c)32blocker
d)Antioxidant
e)Usedinhypertension
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CorrectAnswer-A:B:C:D:EAns.(A)alblocker(B)31blocker(C)32blocker(D)Antioxidant
(E)Usedinhypertension
Carvedilol:
1+2+1adrenoceptorblockerwith-blockingpropertyof1:9.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
AntioxidantandantimitoticProPerty.Producesperipheralvasodilationdueto-1blockadeaswellas
calciumchannelblockade(directeffect).
CardioprotectiveinCHF.
Causesorthostatichypotension.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
62.Interferon-alphaisusedinthetreatment
of?
a)HepatitisB
b)HepatitisC
c)Multiplesclerosis
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
d)Chronicgranulomatousdiseasee)Multiplemyeloma
CorrectAnswer-A:B:C
Ans.(A)HepatitisB(B)HepatitisC(C)Multiplesclerosis
[Ref.KDTP.501,802;ClinicalpharmacologistP.712]
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Usesofinterferon-are:1. CML
2. Non-Hodgkin'slymphoma&cutaneousT-celllymphoma
3. Hairycellleukemia
4. Multiplemyeloma
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
5. AIDSrelatedKaposisarcoma6. ChronicHepatitisB&C
7. HSV,HZV&CMVinfection
8. Rhinoviralcold
9. Condylomaacuminata(HPV)
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
10. Malignantmelanoma11. Renalcellcarcinoma
63.Trueaboutbedaquilineis?
a)Nottobeusedinsinglelinetherapy
b)Tobeusedincaseofresistancetostreptomycin
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
c)Newuniqueantimicrobialintroducedd)Bactericidaldrug
e)UsedinTBresistanttorifampicin&isoniazide
CorrectAnswer-A:C:D:E
Ans.(A)Nottobeusedinsinglelinetherapy(C)Newunique
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
antimicrobialintroduced(D)Bactericidaldrug(E)UsedinTBresistanttorifampicin&isoniazide
[RefKatung14/ep.849;Lehn'sPharmacologyip.l081]
Bedaquiline(sirturo):
Newantituberculardrug
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Treatmentofmulit-drugresistanttuberculosisWorksfasterandbetterthanallotheranti-TBdrugs.
Tuberculocidal.
ByinhibitingATPsynthase.
Nocross-resistance.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
PregnancycategoryBdrug.Uses:
CombinationtherapyformultidrugresistanceTB(i.e.resistanceto
rifampicinandlNH).
NotapprovedfortreatmentoflatentTB,extrapulmonaryTBordrug-
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
sensitiveTB.AdverseEffects:
ProlongationofQTinterval.
Hepatotoxicity.
64.ExtensivedrugresistanceTBisdefined
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
asresistanceto?a)Amikacin
b)INH
c)Rifampicin
d)Pyrazinamide
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
e)CiprofloxacinCorrectAnswer-A:B:C:E
Ans.(A)Amikacin(B)INH(C)Rifampicin(E)Ciprofloxacin
[RefKDT7thep.776]
Multidrugresistance(MDR)andextensivedrugresistance
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
(XDR)TB:MDRisdefinedasresistancetoINHandrifampinwithorwithout
resistancetootherdrugs.
XDRisdefinedasresistancetoINHandrifampicinaswellastoall
fluoroquinolonesandoneofinjectabledrugs(capreomycin,
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
kanamycin,amikacin).65.Alternativetorifamicinbasedtreatmentof
leprosyinpatientwithhepatitis?
a)Clofazimine
b)Ofloxacin
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
c)Minocyclined)Clarithromycin
e)Moxifloxacin
CorrectAnswer-A:B:C:D
Ans.(A)Clofazimine(B)Ofloxacin(C)Minocycline
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
(D)ClarithromycinTheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)andtheIndianAssociationof
leprologistshaverecommendedanalternativecombinationtherapy
ofClarithromycin,ofloxacinanilclofaziminetobeprescribedinsuch
cases.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Minocyclinecanbeusedasanalternativetoclarithromycin(i.e.,minocycline,ofloxacin&clofazimine).
66.Anticancerdrug(s)whichdoes/donot
suppressbonemarrow?
a)5-FU
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
b)Cisplatinc)Chlorambucil
d)Vincristine
e)Vinblastine
CorrectAnswer-D
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Ans.D.Vincristine[Ref:Katzungp.951-952]
Anticancerdrugswithbonemarrowsparingeffect:
Vintistine
Bleomycin
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Asparaginase67.Apatienthasplateletcount<1lakh,
hemoglobin8gm,whichofthefollowing
anticancerdrugcanbeusedinhim?
a)Cisplatin
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
b)Methotrexatec)Vincristine
d)Vinblastin
e)Dleomycin
CorrectAnswer-C:D
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Ans.(C)Vincristine(D)VinblastinVincristineandbleomycinarebonemarrowsparingdrugs-canbe
usedinanemiaandthrombocytopenia.
68.Whichofthefollowingdrug(s)cancause
diarrhea?
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
a)Zincb)Ampicillin
c)Magnesiumhydroxide
d)Aluminiumhydroxide
e)None
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CorrectAnswer-B:CAns.(B)Ampicillin(C)Magnesiumhydroxide
Drugscausingdiarrhea:
BroadspectrumantibioticsDigitalisLactose
OCP
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
clindamycinMagnesiumantacids
Lincomycin
Purgative
Cocaine
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
DonepezilMethyldopa
Reserpine
ColchicineGuanethidine
Misoprostol
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
TiclopidineAmPicillin
69.Selectivenorepinephrine(noradrenergic)
reuptakeinhibitor(s)is/are?
a)Fluoxetine
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
b)Desipraminec)Imipramine
d)Doxepin
e)Amoxapine
CorrectAnswer-B:E
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Ans.(B)Desipramine(E)AmoxapineSelectivenoradrenergicreuptakeinhibitors(SNARIs)
Antidepressantswhichhavehighselectivityfornoradrenergic
reuptakeinhibitoroverserotoninreuptakeinhibition.
ThisgroupalsoincludestheTCAswithpredominantNAreuptake
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
inhibitoryaction.Examplesare-Desipramine,Nortriptyline,protriptyline,
Amoxapine,Reboxetine,Atomoxetine,maprotiline.
70.ManagementofNSAIDstoxicityinclude-
a)Sodiumbicarbonate
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
b)Diazepamc)Phenobarbitone
d)Hemodialysis
e)NH4C1
CorrectAnswer-A:B:C:D
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Ans.(A)Sodiumbicarbonate(B)Diazepam(C)Phenobarbitone(D)Hemodialysis
[Ref,Principlesofemergencymedicalcarep.301]
IbuprofenisthemostcommonlyusedNSAIDstakeninoverdose
followedbynaproxen.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Inacuteoverdose,activatedcharcoalcanbeusedasmechanicalantidote.
VomitingshouldbeinducedbyIpecacsyrup,iftheingestion
occurredwithinminutesofarrival.
Fordehydrationoralorintravenousfluidshouldbegiven.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Metabolicacidosiswilloftenrespondtofluidresuscitation/IVsodiumbicarbonate.
ConvulsionsaremanagedwithIVbenzodiazepines(diazepam,
lorazepam).Phenobarbitoneissecondchoiceifconvulsionsarenot
controlledbyBZDs.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Protonpumpinhibitors(omeprazoleetc)canbegivenforpersistentupperGISymptoms.
Intubationmayberequiredforairwayprotectionduetocomaor
prolongeduncontrolledconvulsionactivity.
ThiopentoneistheDOCintheseconditions.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
71.Trueaboutfirstorderkineticsof
elimination-
a)Constantamountofdrugiseliminated
b)Rateofeliminationisnotrelatedtoplasmaconcentration
c)Clearanceremainsconstant
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
d)Halflifedecreaseswithdecreasedconcentratione)None
CorrectAnswer-C
Ans.C.Clearanceremainsconstant
[RefKDTp.30]
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Firstorderkinetics:RateofeliminationisdirectlyproportionaltoPlasmaConcentration.
Clearanceremainsconstant-
Duetoincreasingplasmaconcentration,increasestherateof
eliminationproportionately.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
(CL=rateofelimination/PlasmaConc).Halfliferemainsconstant-
Duetotimerequiredtoreduceplasmaconcentrationtohalfissame
(rateofelimination
changeproportionatelywithplasmaconcentration).
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
72.Antibiotic(s)thatrequiredosereductionin
renalfailure?
a)Amikacin
b)AmphotericinB
c)Doxycycline
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
d)Rifampicine)Ceftriaxone
CorrectAnswer-A:B
Ans.(A)Amikacin(B)AmphotericinB
[Ref:EssentialsofPharmacologyp131]
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Antimicrobialsgivenafterdosereduction:Aminoglycosides
Ethambutol
Quinolones(exceptGrepa&trovafloxacin)
Cephalosporins(exceptcefoperazone&ceftriaxone)
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
VancomycinAmphotericinB
Antimicrobialscontraindicated:
Nitrofurantoin
Nalidixicacid
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Cephalothin&cephaloridineTetracyclines(exceptdoxycycline)
Methanamine
73.Trueaboutsugamadexis/are-
a)ItisaSRBA
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
b)Usedtoreverserocuroniumblockadec)UsedtoreverseNMblockade
d)UsetoreverseSchblockade
e)Usedinmalignanthyperthermia
CorrectAnswer-A:B:C
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Ans.(A)ItisaSRBA(B)Usedtoreverserocuroniumblockade(C)UsedtoreverseNMblockade
[RefKDTep.355;Essentialsofpharmacologyp.113]
Sugammadex:
Neuromuscularreversaldrug,
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
1stinanewclassofselectiverelaxantbindingagent(SRBA)orsteroidalmusclerelaxantencapsulators(SMRE).
Modifiedy-cyclodextrinwithhighaffinityforaminosteroidnon-
depolarizingmusclerelaxantsrocuroniumandvecuronium.
Usedtoreverseneuromuscularblockproducedbyrocuroniumand
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
vecuronium(rocuronium>vecuronium).Actsbyformingacomplexwithmusclerelaxant(rocuroniumor
vecuronium).
74.13agonistsarepreferredoverother
sympathomimeticdrugsfor-
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
a)Asthmab)Uterinerelaxation
c)Nasaldecongesents
d)Orthostatichypotension
e)Glaucoma
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CorrectAnswer-A:BAns.(A)Asthma(B)Uterinerelaxation
Clonidineandmethyldopaareusedinhypertension.
Otherusesofclonidineare(i)preanaestheticmedication,(ii)
diarrheaindiabeticneuropathy,(iii)analgesic,(iv)withdrawal
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
syndromeofopoid,alcoholandnicotine,(v)prophylaxisofmigrain,(vi)postmenopausalsyndrome,(vii)suppressiontestfor
pheochromocytoma,and(viii)fortreatmentofADHD.
75.Longacting13agonist(s)whichis/are
usedasonceadaydrug?
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
a)Salmeterolb)Formoterol
c)Olodaterol
d)Vilanterol
e)Indacaterol
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CorrectAnswer-C:D:EAns.C,OlodaterolD,Vilanterol&E,Indacaterol
Ref:Katzung13'h/ep.j40;Rang6Dale8'h/ep.348
Longactingbeta-1agonist
(8-12hrs)
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Giventwicedaily1. Salmeterol
2. Formoterol
3. Arformoterol
Ultra-longacting
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
(24hrs)givenoncedaily
1. Indacaterol
2. Olodaterol
3. Vilanterol
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
76.Drugofchoiceforstrongyloides
stercoralis?
a)Mebendazole
b)Albendazole
c)Ivermectin
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
d)Levamisolee)Diethylcarbamazine
CorrectAnswer-C
Ans.C.Ivermectin
Ref:K.D,T,Thlep,850iKatzung13th/ep.909;SatoskarPharma
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
24'ep.816;RangandDale|th/ep.573Strongyloid-Ivermectin
Anaerobes-Metronidazole
AtypicalPneumonia(mycoplasma)-Erythromycin
Cholera-Doxycycline
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Staphylococci-PenicillinVRSA-Linezolid
P.Carinii(jiroveci)-Cotrimoxazole
Pseudomonas-
Antipseudomonalbeta-lactam+aminoglycoside
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Streptococcus-PenicillinToxoplasma-Cotrimoxazole
ToxoplasmainpregnancySpiramycin.
Rheumaticfever-Benzathinepenicillin
TB-INHwithorwithoutrifamPicin
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Rickettsia-TetracYclinesInfluenzaAandB-Osetamivir
Diphtheria-Penicillin/Erythromycin
Anthrax
Ciprofloxacin/Doxycycline+Pertussis-ErYthromYcin
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
HSV-AcYclovirLePtosPirosis
Milder-Oralamoxicillin
Severe-IvPenicillinG
Lyme'sdisease-DoxycYcline
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Syphilis-PenicillinGPertussis-ErYthromYcin
Actinomycosis-PenicillinG
Lymphogranulomavenereum-AzithromycinorDoxycycline
Legionella-Azithromycinorlevofloxacin
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Plague-StrePtomYcinListeria-Ampicillin+Gentamicin
MAC-Azithromycin/clarithromycin
GroupB-streptococcus-Ampicillin
UTI-Cotrimoxazole
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Endocarditis-Amoxicillin/ClindamycinBabesiosis-Quinine+Clindamycin
Pvivax-Chloroquine
ChloroquineresistantPvivax-Artemisinincombinationtherapy
(ACT)
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
77.DOCformycoplasmais/are?
a)Doxycycline
b)Ceftriaxone
c)Azithromycin
d)Penicillin
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
e)GentamycinCorrectAnswer-A:C
Ans.A,Doxycycline&C,Azithromycin
Ref:Harrisonrgh/ep.1164
ForM.pneumoniaeinfections:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Azithromycin,clarithromycin,erythromycin,doxycycline,levofloxacin,moxifloxacin,gemifloxacin(notciprofloxacinor
floxacin).
ForM.Hominis-
Doxycycline,clindamycin
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
78.Whichofthefollowingdyadofanti-HIV
drugandmechanismofactionis/are
correctlymatched?
a)Maraviroc-Entryinhibitor
b)Reltegravir-Intergaseinhibitor
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
c)Indinavir-Proteaseinhibitord)Nevirapine-Nonnucleosidereversetranscriptaseinhibitor
e)Darunavir-Fusioninhibitor
CorrectAnswer-B:C:D
Ans.B,Reltegravir-IntergaseinhibitorC,Indinavir-Protease
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
inhibitor&D,Nevirapine-Nonnucleosidereversetranscriptaseinhibitor
Antiretroviraldrugs
a)Nucleosidereversetranscriptaseinhibitors(NRTIs)-
Zidovudine,Didanosine,Zalcitabine,Stavudine,Iamivudine,
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Abacadr,Emtricitabineb)Nucleotidereversetranscriptaseinhibitor+Tenofovir
c)NonNucleosidereversetranscriptaseinhibitors(NNRTIS)-
Nevirapine,Efavirenz,Delavirdine,Etravirine,rilpivirine.
d)Proteaseinhibitors-
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
RitonavirIndinavir,NeIfnavb,Saquinavir,amprenavir,Lopinavir,Fosamprenavir,Atazanavir,Darunavir,Tipranavir.
e)Fusioninhibitor-Enfuvirtide,Maraviroc.
f)Integraseinhibitors-Raltegravir,Elvitegravir.
g)CCR5receptorinhibitor-Maraviroc
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
79.Anti-influenzadrugwhichis/aregiven
throughinhalationroute?
a)Amantadine
b)Oseltamivir
c)Zanamivir
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
d)Rimantadinee)None
CorrectAnswer-C
Ans.C.Zanamivir
[Ref:KDT7'/ep.S0l0.3;Park's24't'/e1t.169;Katzung13th/ep.862
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
63]Anti-influenzadrugs
Amantadine,rimantadine,oseltamivirandzanamivir.
Onlyzanamivirisgivenbyparenteralroute(intranasdor
intravenous).allothersaregivenorally.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Zanamivirhaslowestoralbioavailabilitylowestt1/2(shortestacting).Rimantadinehasmaximumplasmaproteinbinding,whileoseltamivir
hasminimumplasmaproteinbinding.
Rimantadinehasmaximummetabolism.
80.Truestatement(s)aboutalbendazole?
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
a)Undergoesfirst-passmetabolismintheliverb)ActiveagainstbothlarvaandadultofNematodes
c)Absorptionincreaseswithfattymeal
d)Excretedintheurine
e)Thiabendazoleislesstoxicthanalbendazole
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CorrectAnswer-A:B:C:DAns.A,Undergoesfirst-passmetabolismintheliverB,Active
againstbothlarvaandadultofNematodesC,Absorption
increaseswithfattymeal&D,Excretedintheurine
[Ref:Katzung13't'/ep.90E09;GoodmanandGilmatr'slI't'/ep.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
1079;SatoskarPhanna24't'/ep.818]Albendazole:
Broad-spectrumoralanthelmintic.
Actsbybindingtotubulinandtherebyinhibitingitspolymerization
Afteroraladministration,itiserraticallyabsorbed(increasedwitha
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
fattymeal)andthenrapidlyundergoesfirst-passmetabolisminthelivertotheactivemetabolitealbendazolesulfoxide.
excretedintheurine.
Hasamiciilaleffectsinhydatiddisease,cysticercosis,ascariasis,
andhookworminfectionandovicidaleffectsinascariasis,
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
ancylostomiasis,andtrichuriasis.81.Whichofthefollowingis/arenot5th
generationcephalosporin?
a)Cefoxitin
b)Cefoperazone
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
c)Ceftolozaned)Ceftaroline
e)Ceftabiprole
CorrectAnswer-A:B
Ans.A,Cefoxitin&B,Cefoperazone
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
[Ref:KDT7/ep.26;Ketungp-779;Goodman&Gilman'sp.781;Pharma241/ep.693]
First
Second
Third
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
FourthFifth
Cefuroxime
Cefoxitin
Cefotaxime
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Cephalothin CefotetanCetizoxime
Ceftobiprole
Cefepime
Parenteral Cefazoline
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Cefmetazole CeftriaxoneCeftaroline
Cefpirome
Cephapirin
Cefamendole Ceftazidime
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CeftolozaneCefonicid,
Cefoperazone
ceforanide
Cefixime
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CephalexinCefaclor
Cefpodoxime
Cephradine
Cefuroxime proxetil
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
OralCefadroxil
axetil
Cefdinir
Cephaloridine Cefprozil
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Ceftibuten,Ceftamet
82.Whichofthefollowingistrueabout
aminoglycosideassociatedacutekidney
injury?
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
a)Seeninaround10-20%ofpatientstreatedwiththedrugb)Mayoccurwithin1weekofinitiationoftreatment
c)Occuronlyafter3weeksoftreatment
d)Interstitialnephritisoccur
e)Usuallydevelopswithin72hoursofinitiationoftreatment
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CorrectAnswer-A:BAns.A,Seeninaround10-20%ofpatientstreatedwiththe
drug&B,Mayoccurwithin1weekofinitiationoftreatment
[Re/:KDf7e/dp.715;Katzungep.802]
Non-oliguricacutekidneyinjury(AKI)occursin10-30%ofpatients
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
onaminoglycosidetherapy.AKTtypicallymanifestsafter5-7daysoftherapy.
Nephrotoxicity:
Neomycinismostnephrotoxic,whilestreptomycinisleast
nephrotoxic.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Nephrotoxicityisincreasedbyadvancedage,liverdisease,hypokalemia,septicshock,concurrentuseofnephrotoxicdrugs
(amphotericinB,cisplatin,cyclosporine)andprolongedtherapy.
83.Whichofthefollowingistrueabout
antifungaldrugs?
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
a)Echinocandinshaveverylesssideeffectsb)Flucanazoleisfirstlinedrugforinvasiveaspergillosis
c)Oralfluconazolehas100%bioavailability
d)AmphotericinBisfungistatic
e)NephrotoxicityisdoselimitingsideeffectofamphotericinB
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CorrectAnswer-A:EAns.A,Echinocandinshaveverylesssideeffects&
E,NephrotoxicityisdoselimitingsideeffectofamphotericinB
[RefKDTzh/ep.787-95]
EchinocandinsarewelltoleratedwithmildGIsideeffects.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Fluconazoleisnot1stlinedrugforaspergillosis.Oralbioavailabilityoffluconazoleis94%.
Amphotericin-Bisfungicidalaswellasfungistatic
Themostimportantdoselimitingtoxicityisnephronicity.
Adverseeffectsincludeinfusionrelatedacutereactions(most
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
common),nephrotoxicity,anemia,cNStoricityAnd,hypomagnesemiaInfusionrelatedacutereactioncanbeprevented
bypremedicationslikecorticosteroidsandantihistamines.
Itismanifestedbyazotemia,reducedGFR,RTA,hypokalemia,and
hypomagnesemia.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
84.Drugsaffectingpurinesynthesis?
a)Azathioprine
b)Methotrexate
c)Fludarabine
d)6-Mercaptopurine
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
e)CapecitabineCorrectAnswer-A:B:C:D
Ans,A,AzathioprineB,MethotrexateC,Fludarabine&D,6-
Mercaptopurine
[Ref:KDT7h/ep.858;Katzungp.928,931;Goodman&Gilmin'sI
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
tth/ep.1336,1346-48;SatoskarPharma24a'/ep.G29.]Antimetabolites:
Drugsaffectintermediarymetabolismofproliferatingcells.
AllthesedrugsinterferewithnucleicacidsynthesisAct
on.S,phase.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Purineantagonists=Mercaptopurine,Thioguanine,Azathioprine,FludarabineAndCladribine.
Pyrimidineantagonists=S-Fluorouracil,cytosinearabinoside
(cytarabine),capecitabine,Gemcitabine.
Folateantagonist=Methotrexate,pemetrexed.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Note:Tetrahydrofolateisrequiredforpurinesynthesisanditsformationisinhibitedbymethotrexate.
Methotrexateandpemetrexeddihydrofolatereductase(DHFRcse)
inhibitors.
85.Methotrexateaffects?
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
a)Purinesynthesisb)Pyrimidinesynthesis
c)ConversionofDHFAtoTHFA
d)Polymerizationofmitotictubule
e)None
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CorrectAnswer-A:CAns.A,Purinesynthesis&C,ConversionofDHFAtoTHFA
Methotrexateandpemetrexeddihydrofolatereductase(DIlFRcse)
inhibitors.
ThesedrugsalsoinhiUitttrymiapatesynthaseanddenovopurine
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
synthesis,whichcontributetomethotrexatetoxicity.86.LongactingInsulinis/are?
a)Lispro
b)Detemir
c)Glargine
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
d)Isophanee)Glulisine
CorrectAnswer-B:C
Ans.B,Detemir&C,Glargine
[Ref:KDTep-263:satashkarkhanna24e/ep'893]
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
RapidActingInsulin=Insulinlispro,Insulinaspart,Insulinglulisine.Shortacting=Regular(soluble)insulin,semilenteinsulin'
Intermediateacting=Insulinzincsuspension(Lente),Neutral
protaminehagedorn(isophaneinsulin)
Longacting=Protaminezincinsulin,Insulinglargine,Insulindetemir
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
87.AmongACEinhibitors,whichofthe
followingis/areprodrug(s)-
a)Perindopril
b)Captopril
c)Lisinopril
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
d)Ramiprile)Enalapril
CorrectAnswer-A:D:E
Ans.A,PerindoprilD,Ramipril&E,Enalapril
[RefKDTF/ep'23,501]
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
AllACEinhibitorsareprodrugsexceptcaptoprilandLisinopril.88.Whichofthefollowinganti-tumordrug
havehighriskofgonadotoxicity?
a)Dactinomycin
b)Cyclophosphamide
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
c)Busulfand)Vinblastine
e)Ifosfamide
CorrectAnswer-B:C:E
Ans.B,CyclophosphamideC,Busulfan&E,Ifosfamide
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
[ReFK.D-t.P.859;]Allalkylatingagentsarehighlygonadotoxic.
HighAlkylatingagents=Cyclophosphamide,ifosfamide,busulfan,
chlorambucil,melphalan,procarbazine.
Medium=Carboplatin,doxorubicin
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Low=Vincaalkaloids(vincristine,vinblastine),methotrexate,mercaptopurine,bleomycin,dactinomycin.
89.Adrenalinecanbeusedin?
a)Bronchialasthma
b)Allergicdisorder
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
c)Cardio-pulmonaryresuscitationd)Anaphylaxis
e)Asanti-analgesicmedicine
CorrectAnswer-B:C:D
Ans.B,AllergicdisorderC,Cardio-pulmonaryresuscitation&
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
D,AnaphylaxisAdrenalineisthedrugofchoiceforanaphylaxis(anaphylacticshock)
->anallergichypersensitivityreaction(Type-lhypersensitivity).
1stlinedrugusedincardiopulmonaryresuscitation.
90.Drug(s)causingQTintervalprolongation?
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
a)Amiodaroneb)Cisapride
c)Calciumgluconate
d)Magnesiumtherapy
e)Ketoconazole
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CorrectAnswer-A:BAns.(A)Amiodarone&(B)Cisapride
[Ref:KDTVh/ep.528;Davison27d/ep.571]
DrugsthatprolongQ-Tinterval(havepotentialtoprecipitate
Torsadesdepointes)
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Antiarrhythmics=Quinidine,procainamide,disopyramide,propafenone,amiodarone
Antimicrobials=Quinine,mefloquine,artemisinin,halofantrine,
sparfloxacin,gatifloxacin
Antihistamines=Terfenadine,astemizole,ebastine
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Antidepressants=AmitriptylineandothertricyclicsAntipsychotics=Thioridazine,risperidone
Prokinetic=Cisapride
91.Whichofthefollowingdrugsisexcreted
mainlybykidney?
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
a)Tetracyclineb)Rifampicin
c)Digoxin
d)Penicillin
e)Lithium
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CorrectAnswer-A:C:D:EAns.(A)Tetracycline(C)Digoxin(D)Penicillin&(E)Lithium
[Ref:KDTp.695;Katzung13'h/ep,790]
Lithium=>95%renalexcret
Penicillin=Excretedbythekidney,10%byglomerularfiltrationand
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
90%bytubularsecretion.Digoxin=Primarilyexcretedbykidney
Tetracyclines=Primarilyexcretedinurine,exceptfordoxycycline.
Rifampicin=Excretedmainlyinbile,someinurine;Urineand
secretionsmaybecomeorange-red.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
92.Whichofthefollowingistruestatement(s)
aboutcodeine?
a)Usedasanti-tussiveagent
b)Analgesicpotencyisequivalenttomorphine
c)Causesrespiratorydepression
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
d)Partlymetabolizedtomorphinee)Completelymetabolizedtomorphine
CorrectAnswer-A:C:D
Ans.(A)Usedasanti-tussiveagent(C)Causesrespiratory
depression&(D)Partlymetabolizedtomorphine
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
[Ref:KDT7/ep.474;Katzungljh/ep.545-49]Codeine:
Codeineisapureopioidagonistwhichislesspotentthanmorphine
(1/l0sanalgesicaction).
Ithaspartialagonisticactivityonopioidreceptorswithalowceiling
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
effects.Partlyconvertedtomorphineinthebody.
Itisusedasantitussive(drugsforcough)andantidiarrhealdrugs
Ceusasamedegreeofrespiratorydepressionasmorphine.
93.Allaretrueabouttamoxifenexcept:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
a)Usedasadjuvanttherapyinestrogenreceptorpositivebreastcancer
b)Noeffectonuterus
c)Pro-estrogeneffectonbone
d)Reduceschanceofosteoporosis
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
e)ReducescoronaryarterydiseasesCorrectAnswer-B:E
Ans.(B)Noeffectonuterus(E)Reducescoronaryartery
diseases
[Ref:KDT7th/312-15;Katzung13th/713;Harrison19th/2498]
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Tamoxifen:Approvalfortheprimaryprophylaxisofbreastcancerinhighrisk
women.
Reducestherecurrencerateofbreastcancerinipsilateralaswellas
contralateralbreast.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Associatedwithreducedriskofcancerinthecontralateralbreast.Improvesthebonemassduetoantiresorptiveeffect.
Increasestheriskofthromboembolicevents.
Hypertglyceridaemia,deepveinthrombosis,ischemicheartdisease,
retinopathy&othercomplicationstobeobservedduringtamoxifen
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
therapy.94.TrueaboutHyoscine:
a)Causemydriasis
b)Causemiosis
c)Usedformotionsickness
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
d)BetterBBBpenetrationthanatropinee)Centralnervoussystemdepressant
CorrectAnswer-A:C:D:E
Ans.(A)Causemydriasis(C)Usedformotionsickness
(D)BetterBBBpenetrationthanatropine(E)Centralnervous
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
systemdepressantHyoscine(scopolamine):
Appliedtoeyestheyfreelypenetratecornea
HasbetterBBBpenetration
Shorterdurationofactionthanatropine.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
MosteffectivedrugformotionsicknessCNSdepressant.
Producesedationandamnesiaduringlabour(twilightsleep)
Causedefinitemydriasis&lossofaccommodation"
LiedetectorduringworldwarII
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
95.Truestatement(s)aboutRutin:
a)Hasanti-fibrinolyticaction
b)Hasanti-plateletaction
c)Antioxidantproperty
d)Acitrusflavonoidglycosidefoundinmanyplantsincluding
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
buckwheate)None
CorrectAnswer-B:C:D
Ans.(B)Hasanti-plateletaction(C)Antioxidantproperty(D)A
citrusflavonoidglycosidefoundinmanyplantsincluding
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
buckwheatRutin(Bioflavonoids):
Richestsourceisbuckwheat.
Plantglycosideclaimedtoreducecapillarybleeding.
Usedinadoseof60mgoralBD-TDSalongwithVit.Cwhichis
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
believedtofacilitateitsaction(supportbloodcirculation,asanantioxidant,afldtotreatallergies,yiruses,orarthritisandother
inflammatoryconditions).
Strengthenstheliningofthebloodvesselsthroughoutthebody.
Helpstreathemorrhoids,internalbleeding.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Helpspreventhemorrhagicstrokes.Stoptheformationofabloodclot(thrombosis).
Veryeffectivewithbloodclotsbecauseittreatsandpreventclotsin
botharteriesandveins
Mostpotentlyanti-thrombotic.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Anantioxidant.96.Side-effect(s)ofZoledronicacidis/areall
except:
a)Flu-likesymptoms
b)Osteonecrosisofthejaw
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
c)Dizzinessd)Constipation
e)Renaltoxicity
CorrectAnswer-D
Ans.D.Constipation
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Zoledronate:Flu-likesymptomsduetocytokinereleaseattendthei.vinfusion
Nausea,vomiting,bodyache,dizzinessarecommon
Renaltoxicityhasbeenencountered
OsteonecrosisofJawisararecomplicationofi.vhighdose
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
97.Anti-microbialagentsactingonnucleic
acidareallexcept:
a)Acyclovir
b)Linezolid
c)Fluroquinolones
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
d)Streptomycine)Rifampin
CorrectAnswer-B:D
Ans.(B)Linezolid(D)Streptomycin
[Ref:KDT7th/689-90]
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
1. Inhibitcellwallsynthesis:Penicillins,Cephalosporins,Cycloserine,Vancomycin,Bacitracin.
2. Causeleakagefromcellmembranes:Polypeptides-Polymyxins,
Colistin,Bacitracin.Polyenes-AmphotericinB,Nystatin,Hamycin
3. Inhibitproteinsynthesis:Tetracyclines,Chloramphenicol,
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Erythromycin,Clindamycin,linemlid,4. Causemisreadingofm-kNAcodeandaffectpermeability:
Aminoglycosides-Streptomycin,Gentamicin,etc.
5. InhibitDNAgyrase:Fluoroquinolones-Ciprofloxacinandothers
6. InterferewithDNAfunction:Rifampin
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
7. InterferewithDNAsynthesis:Acyclovir,Zidovudine8. Interferewithintermediarymetabolism;Sulfonamides,Sulfones,
PAS,Trimethoprim,Pyrimethamine,Metronidazole
98.CNSstimulantsare:
a)Cocaine
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
b)Amphetaminec)Cannabis
d)Dexamphetamine
e)MDMA(ecstasy)
CorrectAnswer-A:B:D:E
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Ans.(A)Cocaine(B)Amphetamine(D)Dexamphetamine(E)MDMA(ecstasy)
[Ref,KDT7th/486,452.]
Psychotogenic(Hallucinogens)drugsareCannabis,LSD,
mescaline,endocannabinoid.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CNSStimulant:1. Convulsants:Strychnine,picrotoxin,bicuculline,pentyIenetetrazol
2. Analeptics:Doxapram
3. Psychostimulants:Amphetamine,Methylphenidate,atomoxetine,
modafinil,armodafinil,pemoline,cocaine&caffeine.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
99.Drugcontraindicatedinpregnancy:
a)Sulfonamide
b)ACEinhibitors
c)Phenytoin
d)Ciprofloxacin
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
e)FurosemideCorrectAnswer-B:C
Ans.(B)ACEinhibitors(C)Phenytoin
[Katzung10th/975]
ACEinhibitors-InAlltrimester,especiallysecondandthird-Renal
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
damage.Phenytoin-InAlltrimester-FetaIhYdantoinsYndrome
Thalidomide-Firsttrimester=Phocomelia(shortenedorabsent
longbonesofthelimbs)andmanyInternalmalformations
100.Inwhichofthefollowingliverflukes,
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
triclabendazoleis/areused:a)Clonorchissinensis
b)Opisthorchisviverrini
c)Fasciolahepatica
d)Fasciolagigantica
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
e)OpisthorchisfelineusCorrectAnswer-C:D
Ans.(C)Fasciolahepatica(D)Fasciolagigantica
[Ref:Harriison19th/1428;I(DT7th/851]
Triclabendazoleishighlyeffectiveagainstadultsofthecommonliver
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
fluke(Fasciolahepatica)aswellasallimmaturestages.AlsoeffectiveagainstFasciolagiganticaandFascioloidesmagna.
Noefficacyagainstroundwormsortapeworms.
101.Mechanismofactionofgabapentin
is/are:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
a)EnhancesGABAreleaseb)AgonistatGABAAreceptor
c)ActonNMDAreceptor
d)ProlongationofNa+ChannelInactivation
e)Inhibitionofvoltage-gatedCa2+channels
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CorrectAnswer-A:EAns,.(A)EnhancesGABArelease(E)Inhibitionofvoltage-
gatedCa2+channels
[Ref:K.D.T7th/419-21;Katzung12th/41j;Harrison19th/2548,
2551-56]
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Gabapentin:MOA:
ModifythesynapticornonsynapticreleaseofGABA.
AnincreaseinbrainGABAconcentrationisobservedinpatients
receivinggabapentin.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
GabapentinistransportedintothebrainbytheL-aminoacidtransporter.
Gabapentinbindsavidlytovoltage-gatedCa2+channels.
Gabapentinalsoactpresynapticallytodecreasethereleaseof
glutamate;thiseffectisprobablydependentonreducedPresynaptic
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
entryofCa2+viavoltage-activatedchannels.102.Whichofthefollowingis/arefeaturesof
Triamcilonewithrespectto
hydrocortisone:
a)Florinatedatcarbonatom9
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
b)Notusedinoralformc)Mineralocorticoidactivitypresent
d)Morepotentthanhydrocortisone
e)Glucocorticoidactivityis5timesofhydrocortisone
CorrectAnswer-D:E
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Ans.(D)Morepotentthanhydrocortisone(E)Glucocorticoidactivityis5timesofhydrocortisone
[RefK.D.T7th/289;Katzung12th/700,703,712]
Triamcinolone:
SlightlymorePotentthanprednisolonebuthighlyselective
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
glucocorticoid;4-i2mg/dayoral;5-40mgi.m,intraarticularinjection.
Alsousedtopically
103.Whichofthefollowingis/aretrue
regardingmuscarianicactionexcept:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
a)Miosisb)Detrusormusclecontraction
c)Dicylomineisantimuscuarnicdrugusedforsmoothmuscle
relaxation
d)CardiacmuscuranicreceptorsarepredominantlyM3type
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
e)salivaryglandsecretionCorrectAnswer-B:D
Ans.(B)Detrusormusclecontraction(D)Cardiacmuscuranic
receptorsarepredominantlyM3type
[RefKDT7th/100-103,117;Katzung12th/97-102]
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CardiacmuscarinicreceptorsarepredominantlyM2type&mediatevagalbradycardia.
Dicyclomine:
AntagonistofM1&M3(smoothmuscle)-
MuscarinicActions
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Heart:AttheA-Vnode&His-purkinjefibersrefractoryperiod(W)is
increased&conductionisslowed;PRinteryalinteases6partialto
completeA-Vblockmaybeproduced.
Eye:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
ContractionofcircularmuscleofirismiosisContractionoftheciliarymusclespasmofaccommodation,
increasedoutflowfacility,reductioninintraoculartension(especially
inglaucomatouspatients
SmoothMuscle:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Peristalsisinureterisincreased.Detrusormusclecontractswhilethebladdertrigone&sphincter
relaxesvoidingofbladder.
Glands:
Secretionfromallparasympatheticallyinnervatedglandsis
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
increasedviaM3&someM2receptors:sweating,salivation,lacrimation,increasedtracheobronchial&gastricsecretion.
104.Diseasemodifyingdrug(s)usedin
treatmentofrheumatoidarthritis:
a)Neproxen
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
b)Nabumetonec)Abatacept
d)Monoclonalantibodies
e)Methotrexate
CorrectAnswer-C:D:E
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Ans.(C)Abatacept(D)Monoclonalantibodies(E)Methotrexate[RefK.D.T7tW211-12,871-72;Katzungt2th/642;Goodman&
Gilman\11th/1942]
DiseasemodifyingAntl-rheumatoiddrugs(DMARDs)
NonBiologicalDrugs
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Immunosuppressants:Methotrexate,Azathioprine,Cyclosporine
Sulfasalazine
ChloroquineorHydroxychloroquine
Leflunomide
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
BiologicalagentsTNF-ainhibitors:Etanercept,Wiximab,Adalimumab
IL-1antagonists:Anakinra
105.Whichofthefollowingis/areteratogens:
a)Artemisinin
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
b)Aminoglycosidec)Carbamezapine
d)Retinoicacid
e)Phenytoin
CorrectAnswer-B:C:D:E
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Ans.(B)Aminoglycoside(C)Carbamezapine(D)Retinoicacid(E)Phenytoin
[RefK.D.TTtlr/&g,8j1;Katzung10th/975;Katzung12th/1042-43;
G&G11th/;DruginPregnancy&LactationbyG.Briggs6th/339]
Teratogens:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Quinine:Continuestobethedrugofchoiceforseverefalciparumduring1sttrimesterofpregnancy,becausesafetyofartemisininsis
notyetProven.
Artesunate:Useislimitedinsecond6thirdtrimestersofpregnancy
onlywhenotherdrugsarefoundresistant.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Aminoglycosides:Avoidduringpregnancy:Riskoffoetalototoxicity.
ACEinhibitors:2.7foldhighermalformationrateinfetusexposed
forACEinhibitorsinthefirsttrimester..
106.Desmopressinis/areusedin:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
a)Diabetesinsipidusb)Esophagealvarices
c)HaemophiliaA
d)VonWillebranddisease
e)HemophilaB
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CorrectAnswer-A:C:DAns.(A)Diabetesinsipidus(C)HaemophiliaA(D)Von
Willebranddisease
[Ref.K.D.T7th/596-97,616;Katzung12th/616,674,677;G&G
1fir/784-86]
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Desmopressin:SelectiveV2agonist.
Uses:
Diabetesinsipidus,bedwettinginchildren&nocturiainadults,renal
concentrationtest,Haemophilia&VonWillebranddisease.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
107.Levetiracetamiscommonlyusedfor:
a)Juvenilemyoclonicepilepsy
b)Absenceseizure
c)GeneralisedTonicclonicseizure
d)Complexpartialseizure
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
e)ActthroughGABACorrectAnswer-A:C:D:E
Ans.(A)Juvenilemyoclonicepilepsy(C)GeneralisedTonic
clonicseizure(D)Complexpartialseizure(E)Actthrough
GABA
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
[RefKD-T7thl420-421]Levetiracetam:
TreatmentofGeneralizedtonic-chronicseizure&simplepartial
seizures.
TreatmentofComplexpartialseizures.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Myoclonic&atonicseizures-unresponsivecaseAdjuvanttreatmentofpartialseizuresinadults&childrenforprimary
generalizedtonic-clonicseizure&forthemyoclonicseizuresof
juvenilemyoclonicepilepsy
Approvedasadjuvanttherapyforfocalonsetseizure.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Approvedasadjuvanttherapyforprimarygeneralizedtonic-clonic108.Penicillinaseresistantpenicillinis/are:
a)Methicillin
b)Cloxacillin
c)Ampicillin
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
d)Dicloxacilline)Vancomycin
CorrectAnswer-A:B:D
Ans.(A)Methicillin(B)Cloxacillin(D)Dicloxacillin
[Ref,K.D.T7th/721]
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Penicillinase-ResistantPenicillins:Methicillin,cloxacillin,Dicloxacillin
Thesecongenershavesidechainsthatprotectthebeta-lactamring
fromattackbystaphylococcalpenicillinase.
Theironlyindicationisinfectionscausedbypenicillinaseproducing
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
staphylococci,forwhichtheyaredrugofchoice,acceptinareaswheremethicillinresistantstaph.Aureus(MRSA)hasbecome
prevalent
109.Whichofthefollowingcondition
increasechanceofhyponatremiain
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
patienttreatedwithantidepressant:a)Oldage
b)Lowweight
c)Coldclimate
d)Obesity
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
e)FemalesexCorrectAnswer-A
Ans.(A)Oldage
[Ref.NirajAhuja7th/188.]
CasesofSSRl-associatedhyponatremia&thesyndromeof
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
inappropriateantidiuretichormonehavebeenseeninsomepatients,especiallythosewhoareolderortreatedwithdiuretics.
110.TrueaboutJarisch-Hexheimerreaction:
a)Occurwithinhoursaftergivingpenicillin
b)Developonlyafter1weekofPenicillintherapy
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
c)Aggravationofsignsandsymptomsofsyphilisd)Itoccurduetoallergytopenicillin
e)Mostcommoninsecondarysyphilis
CorrectAnswer-A:C:E
Ans.(A)Occurwithinhoursaftergivingpenicillin
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
(C)Aggravationofsignsandsymptomsofsyphilis(E)Mostcommoninsecondarysyphilis
[Ref:K.D.f7th/720;CMDT201s/1460;Harison19th/1140;Neena
Khanna4th/206;G6G11th/1181;Ananthanarayan9th/377,384]
Jarisch-HerxheimerReaction:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Penicillininjectedinasyphiliticpatient(particularlysecondarysyphilis)mayproduceshiveringfever,myalgia,exacerbationof
lesions,evenvascularcollapse
Mayoccurafterinstitutionofchloramphenicoltherapyforsyphilis,
brucellosis&typhoidfever.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Thisisduetosuddenreleaseofspirochetallyticproducts&lastsfor12-72hours
Itdoesnotrecur&doesnotneedinterruptionoftherapy
Aspirin&sedationaffordreliefofsymptoms
111.Incomparisontohaloperidol,clozapine
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
causes:a)Weightgain
b)Agranulocytosis
c)Sedation
d)Severeextrapyramidalsymptoms
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
e)LesseliptogenicpotentialCorrectAnswer-A:B:C
Ans.(A)Weightgain(B)Agranulocytosis(C)Sedation
[RefK.D.T7th/'M1;Katzung12th/509]
Haloperidol:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Producesfewerautonomiceffects,islessepileptogenic,doesnotcauseweightgain,jaundiceisrare
SevereextraPyramidalsyndrome.
Preferreddrugforacuteschizophrenia
Clozapine:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Producesfewornoextrapyramidalsymptoms;tardivedyskinesiaisrare&prolactinleveldoesnotrise.
Quitesedativesedation.
Higherincidenceofagranulocytosis.
Metaboliccomplicationslikeweightgain,hyperlipidemia&
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
precipitationofdiabetesisanothermajorlimitation.Highdosescaninduceseizureseveninnon-epileptics.
112.Forwhichofthefollowingdrugbacteria
acquiredrugresistancebyinactivation
ordegradationbyenzyme:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
a)Quninolonesb)Aminoglycosides
c)Vancomycin
d)Ampicillin
e)Chloramphenicol
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CorrectAnswer-A:EAns.(A)Quninolones(E)Chloramphenicol
[Ref:KD.T7th/692-93;Ihtzung12th/792,816]
Drugdestroying:
Theresistantmicrobeselaborateanenzymewhichinactivatesthe
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
drugManyofaminoglycosides-resistantcoliformshavebeenfoundto
produceenzymeswhichadenylateacetatephosphorylatespecific
aminoglycosidesantibiotics.
ChloramphenicolacetyltransferaseisacquiredbyresistantE.coli,
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
H.influenzae&S.tyPhi.113.Apersonwasonchemotherapyfor2
weekforsomemediastinaltumour.Now
hedevelopshighfrequencyhearingloss.
Mostprobablecauseofthisconditionis
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
useof:a)Cisplatin
b)Etoposite
c)Doxorubicin
d)Methotrexate
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
e)NoneCorrectAnswer-A
Ans.(A)Cisplatin
Ototoxicdrugs:
Cytotoxicdrugscausinghearinglossare-nitrogenmustard
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
(mechlorethamine),cisplatin&carboplatin.Cisplatin:
Tinnitus,deafness,sensoryneuropathy&hyperuricemiaareother
problem
Carboplatin:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Nephrotoxicity,ototoxicity&neurotoxicityareIowascomparedtocisplatin
114.Whichofthefollowingsarefeatureof
benzodiazepinewithdrawalexcept:
a)Anxiety
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
b)Increasedappetitec)Hypersomnia
d)Baddreams
e)Tremor
CorrectAnswer-B:C
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Ans.(B)Increasedappetite(C)Hypersomnia[RefK.D.T7th/406;NirajAhuja7th/51]
Benzodiazepinewithdrawal:
Withdrawalsymptomsaregenerallymild;maybemoreintensein
caseofultrarapideliminationdrugs
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Anxiety,insomnia,restlessness,malaise,lossofappetite,baddreamsisallthatoccursinmostcases
Agitation,Panicreaction,tremors&deliriumareoccasional;
convulsionsarerare
Characterizedbymarkedanxiety,irritability,tremors,insomnia,
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
vomitingweakness,automatichyperactivitywithposturalhypotension(tseizures
Depression,transientpsychoticepisode,suicidalideation,
perceptualdisturbances&rarelydeliriumhavealsobeenreportedin
withdrawalperiod
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
115.Whichofthefollowingdrugismainly
excretedbykidney:
a)Tetracyclines
b)Doxycyclines
c)Ampicillin
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
d)Acyclovire)Rifampicin
CorrectAnswer-A:C:D
Ans.(A)Tetracyclines(C)Ampicillin(D)Acyclovir
[Ref:K.D.T7th/735,721;Katzung12th/794]
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Ampicillin:Partlyexecutedinbile&reabsorbed-enterohepaticcirculationoccurs;primarychannelofexcretioniskidney.
Acyclovir:Primarilyexcretedunchangedinurine,bothby
glomerularfiltrationdttubularsecretion..
Tetracyclines:Primarilyexcretedinurinebyglomerularrtltration;
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
dosehastobereducedinrenalfailure;doxycyclineisanexception.Rifampicin:Metabolizedinlivertoanactivelyacetylated.metabolite
whichisexcretedmainlyinbile,someinurine.
116.S/Eofclofaziamineincludes:
a)Icthyosis
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
b)Thrombocytosisc)Skinpigmentation
d)Gastrointestinaldisturbances
e)Weightgain
CorrectAnswer-A:C:D
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Ans.(A)Icthyosis(C)Skinpigmentation(D)Gastrointestinaldisturbances
Clofazimine:Sideeffects:
Ichthyosis
Pigmentation-Reddish-blackdiscolorationofskin,especiallyon
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
exposedparts.Discolorationofhair&bodysecretionsmayalsooccur.
Conjunctivalpigmentationmaycreatecosmeticproblem.
Gastrointestinalsideeffects.
117.Fomepizolecanbeusedin:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
a)Methanolpoisoningb)Organophosphoruspoisoning
c)Ethyleneglycolpoisoning
d)Barbituratepoisoning
e)None
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CorrectAnswer-A:CAns.(A)Methanolpoisoning(C)Ethyleneglycolpoisoning
[Ref:KDT7th/395-96;Katzung12th/398,400,1033]
Fomepizole:
Competitiveinhibitoroftheenzymealcoholdehydrogenase,foundin
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
theliver.Thisenzymeplaysakeyroleinthemetabolismofethyleneglycol
andmethanol.
Fomepizoleismosteffectivewhengivensoonafteringestionof
ethyleneglycolormethanol.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Delayingtheadministrationoffomepizoleallowsforthegenerationofharmfulmetabolites
118.Notindicatedforanaerobiccolitis
treatment:
a)Metronidazole
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
b)Aminoglycosidec)Amikacin
d)Piperacillin-tazobactam
e)Imipenem
CorrectAnswer-B
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Ans.(B)Aminoglycoside[Ref:KDT7th/838;Hanison19th/1101,18th/1338-39;Katzung
12th/904-05]
Treatmentofanaerobicintra-abdominalinfections:
Oral:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Moxifloxacin400mgevery24hourIV:
Moderatetomoderatelysevereinfections
Ertapenem1gevery24hours
Ceftriaxone1gevery24hours(orciprofloxacin400mgevery12
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
hours,ifpenicillinallergic)plusmetronidazole500mgevery8hoursor
Tigecycline100mgoncefollowedby50mgevery12hoursor
Moxifloxacin400mgevery24hours
Severeinfections:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
imipenem,0.5gevery6-8hours;meropenem1gevery8hours;doripenem0.5gevery1hour;piperacillin/tazobactam
4.5gevery8hours
119.Whichofthefollowingdruginteractwith
Warfarin:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
a)ACEinhibitorb)Azithromycin
c)Fluconazole
d)Aspirin
e)Benzodiazepine
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CorrectAnswer-C:DAns.(C)Fluconazole(D)Aspirin
[RefKDT7th/62i,503;Katzung12th/610]
DrugCausingEnhancedAnticoagulantActionofWarfarin:
Aspirin:inhibitplateletaggregationebcauseG.Ibleeding
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Nevercephalosporins(ceftriaxone,cefoperazone):Causehypoprothrombinemia
BroadSpectrumantibiotics:Inhibitgutflora6reducevit.Kproduction
Longactingsulfonamide,indomethacin,phenytoin&probenecid:
Displacewarfarinfromplasmaproteinbinding.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Chloramphenicol,erythromycin,celecoxib,cimetidine,allopurinol,amiodarone&metronidazole:Inhibitwarfarinmetabolism
Tolbutamide&phenytoin:Inhibitwarfarinmetabolism&viceversa.
Liquidparaffin(habitualuse):Reducevit.Kabsorption
DrugCausingReducedAnticoagulantActionofWarfarin:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Barbiturates(butnotbenzodiazepines),carbamazepine,rifampin,&griseofulvin:InducethemetabolismoforalAnticoagulant.
OralcontraceptiveIncreasebloodlevelsofclottingfactors
120.Allofthefollowingistrueabout
hydroxyureaexcept:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
a)Causemyelosuppressionb)Oralbioavailabilityisveryless
c)UsedinCML
d)Actasradiosensitizer
e)Usedinsicklecellanaemia
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CorrectAnswer-BAns.B.Oralbioavailabilityisveryless
[Ref:KDT7th/868;Kntzung12th/582]
Hydroxyurea:
Hydroxyureaisananalogofureawhosemechanismofaction
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
involvestheinhibitionofDNAsynthesisbyinhibitingtheenzymeribonucleotidereductase,resultingindepletionofdeoxynucleoside
triphosphatepools.
ThisagentexertsitseffectsintheSphaseofthecellcycle.
Nearly100%oralbioavailability.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Mainlyusedinchronicmyelogenousleukemia,blastcrisisofacutemyeloidleukemia,psoriasis&sicklecellanaemia.
Myelosuppressionistheilose-limitingtoxicity.
121.Whichofthefollowingis/aretrue
regardingplasmaconcentrationtime
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
curveofadrug:a)Peakconcentrationdeterminebioavailability
b)Intramuscularadministrationhavecurvedifferentfromoral
administration
c)Areaundercurvedeterminetherapeuticresponse
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
d)Bioavailabilityofanorallyadministereddrugcanbecalculatedbycomparingtheareaundercurveafteroral&afteri.v.
administration
e)Changesintherateofabsorptionandextentofbioavailability
caninfluenceboththedurationofactionandtheeffectiveness
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
ofthesametotaldoseofadrugadministeredindifferentformulations
CorrectAnswer-B:D:E
Ans.(B)Intramuscularadministrationhavecurvedifferentfrom
oraladministration(D)Bioavailabilityofanorallyadministered
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
drugcanbecalculatedbycomparingtheareaundercurveafteroral&afteri.v.administration(E)Changesintherateof
absorptionandextentofbioavailabilitycaninfluenceboththe
durationofactionandtheeffectivenessofthesametotaldose
ofadrugadministeredindifferentformulations
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
(Ref:KDT7th/16-17;Katzung12th/43-44)Theareaunderthebloodconcentration-timecurve(areaunderthe
curve,orAUC)canbeusedtocalculatetheclearanceforfirst-order
elimination.
usedasameasureofbioavailability.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Bioavailabilityvariationassumespracticalsignificancefordrugswithlowsafetymargin(iligoxin)orwheredosageneedsprecisecontrol
(oralhypoglycemics,oralhypocoagulants).
122.Allaretrueabouthydrochlorothiazide
except:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
a)Causehyperglycemiab)InhibitNa-Clsymport
c)Increasescalciumexcretioninurine
d)Causehyperuricaemia
e)Usedintreatmentofrenalstone
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CorrectAnswer-CAns.C.Increasescalciumexcretioninurine
[RefKDT7th/5%-86;Katzung12th/260-61,270]
Hydrochlorothiazide:
InhibitsNa+-Cl-symportpredominantlyintheDCT.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
EnhanceCa2+reabsorption&decreaseurinecalciumexcretion(causeshypercalcemia).
Thiazidecausecarbohydrateintolerance&causepreciPitationof
diabetes
Toxicity:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
HypokalemicmetabolicalkalosisandhyperuricemiaImpairedCarbohydrateTolerance.
123.APatientpresentedinemergencyroom
withseveremalaria.Hewasgiven
artusunateat0hr,12hr,24hr&then
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
onceadaytill3day.Whichofthefollowingstatement(s)is/arecorrect
regardingfurthermanagementofthe
patient
a)Patientmaylaterswitchedtooraldrugifpatientabletotolerate
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
b)Dextrosedripshouldbestartedc)Artesunateshouldneverbegivensingly
d)Steriodisbeneficial
e)None
CorrectAnswer-A:B:C
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Ans.(A)Patientmaylaterswitchedtooraldrugifpatientabletotolerate(B)Dextrosedripshouldbestarted(C)Artesunate
shouldneverbegivensingly
[Ref:KDT7th/819-21;Park23rd/262-67;Harrison19th/1379-81,
18th/1698-1705]
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Artemisininderivativesmustneverbegivenasmonotherapyforuncomplicatedmalaria.
Therapidlyactingdrugs,ifusedalone,canleadtothedevelopment
ofparasiteresistance
Whenthepatientisunconscious,thebloodglucoselevelshouldbe
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
measuredevery4-6hrs.AllpatientsshouldreceiveacontinuousinFusionofdextrose,and
bloodconcentrationsideallyshouldbemaintainedabove4mmol/L.
124.ATTdrugwithsignificantrenalexcretion
is/are:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
a)INHb)Rifampicin
c)Pyrazinamide
d)Amikacin
e)Streptomycin
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CorrectAnswer-A:C:D:EAns.(A)INH(C)Pyrazinamide(D)Amikacin(E)Streptomycin
[RefKDT7th/767;Katzung12th/841]
Rifampin:
Itismetabolizedinthelivertoanactivedeacetylatedmetabolite
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
whichisexcretedmainlyinbile,someinurine.Urine&secretionsmaybecomeorange-red
INH:
Itisextensivelymetabolizedinliver;mostimportantpathwaybeing
N-acetylationbyNAT2.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
TheacetylatedmetaboliteisexcretedinurinePyrazinamide:
Extensivelymetabolizedinliver&excretedinurine.
Pyrazinamidemetabolitesarerenallycleared.
Aminoglycosides(streptomycin&amikacin)arenotmetabolized.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
125.Validdrugcombinationsare:
a)Sulfamethoxazole+trimethoprim
b)Penicillin+Tetracycline/chloramphenicol:Pneumococci
c)Piperacillin-Tazobactam
d)Enalapril-Hydrochlorothiazide
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
e)Ibuprofen&serratiopeptidaseCorrectAnswer-A:C:D:E
Ans.(A)Sulfamethoxazole+trimethoprim(C)Piperacillin-
Tazobactam(D)Enalapril-Hydrochlorothiazide(E)Ibuprofen&
serratiopeptidase
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
[RefKDT7th/698-99,725,61-62;Katzung12th/801]Tazobactampharmacokineticsmatcheswithpiperacillinwithwhichit
hasbeencombinedforuseinsevereinfectionsLikeperitonitis,
pelvic/urinary/respiratoryinfectionscausedbybeta-lactamase
producingbacilli.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
ACEinhibitors/ARBsareparticularlysynergisticwithdiuretics;thiscombinationisverygoodforpatientswithassociatedCHForLVH.
Serratiopeptidaseisaproteolyticenzyme(protease)producedby
enterobacterSerratiasp.BrandnameNildol-SP(400+15)is
combinationofSerratiopeptidase&Ibuprofen(RoyalSapphire
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
RemediesTablet.126.Whichofthefollowingstatementabout
protonpumpinhibitorsis/aretrue
except:
a)Hit&rundrug
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
b)Acidicmediumisessentialforactivityc)ActonH+/K+ATPase
d)Formsanintegralcomponentofanti-H.pyloriregimens
e)Actbestinalkalinemedium
CorrectAnswer-E
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Ans.E.Actbestinalkalinemedium[RefKDT7thBa,651-52;Katzung12th/1085-89]
Hit&rundrugs:
Effectslastmuchlongerthanthedrugitself),e.g.,reserpine,
guanethidine,MAOinhibitors,omeprazole.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
OneofthePPIsisanintegralcomponentofallanti-H.pyloriregimensalongwith2(tripledrug)or3(quadrupledrug)
antimicrobial.
SinceanacidicpHintheparietalcellacidcanaliculiisrequiredfor
drugactivation&sincefoodstimulateacidproduction,thesedrugs
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
ideallyshouldbegivenabout30minutesbeforemeals.Protonpumpinhibitorsareadministeredasinactiveprodrugs.
127.Commonaction(s)ofepinephrine&
norepinephrineincludes:
a)Skinvasodilation
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
b)Bronchialmusclecontractionc)IncreasesystolicBP
d)IncreaseHR
e)Renalvasoconstriction
CorrectAnswer-C:E
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Ans.(C)IncreasesystolicBP(E)Renalvasoconstriction[RefKDT7th/124-133;Gooilman&Gillmanllth/2z4-248;Ganong
25th/353-56]
Epinephrinecausebronchialmusclerelaxation(throughbeat-2
receptor)whereasnorepinephrinehasnoaetion(noactiononbeat-
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
2.Bothepinephrine&norepinEphrineincreasesrenalvascular
resistance&thusreducerenalbloodflow.
128.Antibioticwhichactsthroughcellwall
inhibition:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
a)Penicillinb)Daptomycin
c)Aminoglycoside
d)Cephalosporin
e)Imipenam
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CorrectAnswer-A:DAns.(A)Penicillin(D)Cephalosporin
[RefKDT7th/689-90;Katzungp803]
MechanismofActionofDrugs:
Inhibitcellwallsynthesis:Penicillins,Cephalosporins,Cycloserine,
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Vancomycin,Bacitracin.Causeleakagefromcellmembranes:Polypeptides-Polymyxins,
Colistin,Bacitracin.Polyenes-AmphotericinB,Nystatin,Hamycin.
Inhibitproteinsynthesis:Tetracyclines,Chloramphenicol,
Erythromycin,Clinda-mycin,Linezolid.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Causemisreadingofm-RNAcodeandaffectpermeability:Aminoglycosides-Streptomycin,Gentamicin,etc.
InhibitDNAgyrase:Fluoroquinolones-Ciprofloxacinandothers.
InterferewithDNAfunction:Rifampin.
InterferewithDNAsynthesis:Acyclovir,Zidovudine.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Interferewithintermediarymetabolism:Sulfonamides,Sulfones,PAS,Trimethoprim,Pyrimethamine,Metronida-zole.
129.TrueaboutamphotericinB:
a)Liposomalpreparationisavailable
b)Orallyabsorbed
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
c)Usedonlyinintravenousformd)Proteinsynthesisinhibitor
e)None
CorrectAnswer-A
Ans.A.Liposomalpreparationisavailable
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
[Ref:KDT7th/787-89;Katzung12th/934,849-52,1066]AMBisnotabsorbedorally,itcanbegivenorallyforintestinal
candidiasiswithoutsystemictoxicity.
Administeredi,v,assuspensionmadefromdeoxycholate(DOC),it
getswidelydistributedinthebody.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Itcanbealsoadministeredtopicallyforvaginitis,otomycosisLiposomalAMB:
Ithasbeenproducedtoimprovetolerabilityofi.v.infusion,reduceits
toxicity&achievetargeteddelivery.
ItdeliversAMBparticularlytoreticuloendothelialcellsinliver&
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
spleen-especiallyvaluableforkalaazar&inImmunocompromised.130.Peripheralneuropathyis/arecausedby:
a)Vincristine
b)Sulfonamide
c)Amiodarone
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
d)Paclitaxele)None
CorrectAnswer-A:C:D
Ans.(A)Vincristine(C)Amiodarone(D)Paclitaxel
[Ref:Harrison19th/2686-88,18th/3463-66;KDT7th/706]
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Sulfonamidenotmentionedinlistofdrugscausingneuropathies131.Whichoffollowingis/aretrueabout
metformin:
a)Causelacticacid
b)PPARyagonist
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
c)ContraindicatedinRenalfailured)Causehypoglycemia
e)GIdisturbancesarecommonsideeffect
CorrectAnswer-A:C:E
Ans.(A)Causelacticacid(C)ContraindicatedinRenalfailure
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
(E)GIdisturbancesarecommonsideeffect[Ref.KDT7th/275-76;Katzung12th/757]
Metformin:
PPARyagonist(peroxisomeproliferator-activatedreceptorl)
Causelittleornohypoglycemia
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
ReportedtoimprovelipidprofilesintypeIIDm(decreasedLDL).Contraindicatedinrenaldisease,alcoholism,hepaticdisease,or
conditionspredisposingtotissueanoxia(e.g.,chronic
cardiopulmonarydysfunction),becauseofanincreasedriskoflactic
acidosis,inducedbybiguanidedrugsinthepresenceofthese
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
diseases.132.Whichoffollowingstatementistrue
aboutcanagliflozin:
a)SGLT-2inhibitor
b)BlocksNa/glucosesymport.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
c)Causesglycosuria&polyuriad)Increaseschanceofvaginalinfections
e)None
CorrectAnswer-A:C:D
Ans.(A)SGLT-2inhibitor(C)Causesglycosuria&polyuria
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
(D)Increaseschanceofvaginalinfections[RefKDT7th/270:http://tvww.diabetesincontrol.eom]
Canagliflozin:
Antidiabeticdrugusedtoimproveglycemiccontrolinpatientswith
type2diabetes.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
SGLT-2inhibitor.?Sodium-glucoseco-transPorter-2(SGLT-2)inhibitorsareanew
groupoforalmedicationsusedfortreatingtype2diabetes
ProducesbeneficialeffectsonHDLcholesterolandsystolicblood
pressure,buttheseeffectsareoffsetbyincreasedLDLcholesterol.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Vaginalyeastinfectionsandurinarytractinfectionsarethemostcommonsideeffects
Canagliflozinislesseffectiveinpatientswithmoderaterenalfailure
endprobablyineffectiveinsevererenalfailureandtype1diabetics
133.WhichofthefollowingpairofGreceptor
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
iscorrectlymatchedwithitsaction:a)Gi-Activationofcalciumchannel
b)Gq-Tcytoplasmiccalcium
c)Gs-Openingofcalciumchannel
d)Go-Openingofpotassiumchannel
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
e)Gt-ActivationofpotassiumchannelCorrectAnswer-B:C:D
Ans.B,Gq-TcytoplasmiccalciumC,Gs-Openingofcalcium
channel&D,Go-Openingofpotassiumchannel
[RefKDT7th/a5-49;Katzung31]
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
GsopenCa2+channelsinmyocardium6skeletalmuscle,whileGi&GoopenK+channelinheart&smoothmuscleasweIIasinhibit
neuronalCa2+channel
GReceptor:
Gs:Adenylylcyclaseactivation,Ca2+channelopening
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Gi:Adenylylcyclaseinhibition,K+channelopeningGo:Ca2+channelinhibition.
Gq:PhospholipaseCactivation
134.WhichofthefollowingCLASPhuman
experiment:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
a)MaincenterfortheexperimentwasGenevab)MaincenterfortheexperimentwasTokoyo
c)MaincenterfortheexperimentwasinUnitedkingdom
d)Heparinlowdosegiven
e)Drugusedinexperimentsignificantlyreduceseclampsiain
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
subjectsCorrectAnswer-C
Ans.C.MaincenterfortheexperimentwasinUnitedkingdom
[Ref;http:/www.researchgate.net;
httP://www.ncbi.nlm,nih.gov/pubmed/7905809]
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CLASPhumanexperiment:Correspondenceto:CLASPCo-ordinatingCentre,Harkness
Building,RadcliffeInfirmary,OxfordOX26HE,UK-http://
www,researchgate.net
CLASP
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
TheimpactofaspirinonproteinuricpreeclampsiaanditsfetalsequelaeinCLASPwascertainlysmallerthaninsomeprevious
reviews.
Theresultsofavailabletrialsdonotsupportthewidespreadroutine
prophylacticortherapeuticuseofantiplatelettherapyinpregnancy
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
amongallwomenjudgedtobeatriskofpre-eclampsiaorIUGR.Overall,theuseofaspirinwasassociatedwithareductionofonly
12%intheincidenceofproteinuriapre-eclampsia,whichwasnot
significant.
NorwasthereanysignificanteffectontheincidenceofIUGRorof
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
stillbirthandneonataldeath.135.Mineralocorticoidreceptors
antagonist(s)is/are:
a)Spironolactone
b)Triamterene
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
c)Epleroenoned)Amiloride
e)Acetazolamide
CorrectAnswer-A:C
Ans.(A)Spironolactone&(C)Epleroenone
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
[RefKDT.Tth/578;Katzung12th/261-62]PotassiumSparingDiuretics
Aldosteroneantagonists:Spironolactone,eplerenone
InhibitorsofrenalepithelialNa+channel:Triamterene,Amiloride
MOA:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Actbydirectpharmacologicantagonismofmineralocorticoidreceptors(spironolactone,eplerenone)orbyinhibitionofNatinflux
throughionchannelsintheluminalmembrane(amiloride,
triamterene).
136.TNF-ainhibitorsare:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
a)Bevacizumabb)Ranibizumab
c)Adalimumab
d)Infliximab
e)Etanercept
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CorrectAnswer-A:B:DAns.(A)Bevacizumab(B)Ranibizumab(D)Infliximab
TNFalpha-inhibitor:Etanercept,infliximab,certolizumah,
golimumab,&Adalimumab.
MOA:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
BindsTNF-alpha,aproinflammatorycytokine.BlockingTNF-alphafrombindingtoTNFreceptorsoninflammatory
cellsurfacesresultsinsuppressionofdownstreaminflammatory
cytokinessuchasIL-1&IL-6andadhesionmoleculesinvolvedin
leukocyteactivationandmigration.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Anincreasedriskoflymphomaiscommontoeachoftheseagents.137.UnwantedinteractionsofMAOinhibitors
occurwith:
a)Levodopa
b)Hydrochlorothiazide
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c)Reserpined)Pethidine
e)None
CorrectAnswer-A:C:D
Ans.A,LevodopaC,Reserpine&D,Pethidine
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
NonSelectiveMAOInhibitors:Interactions:Cheesereaction-
Varietiesofcheese,beer,wine,pickledmeat&fish,yeastextract
containlargequantitiesoftyramine,dopaetc.
InMAOinhibitedpatientscausehypertensivecrisis&
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
cerebrovascularaccidents.Cold&coughremedies-Ephedrine.
Reserpine,guanethidine,tricyclicantidepressants
Levodopa:
Excitement&hypertension.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Antiparkinsoniananticholinergics:Hallucinations&symptomssimilartothoseofatropinepoisoning
Barbiturates,alcohol,opioids,antihistamines:
Actionsofthesedrugisintensified&prolonged.Respirationmay
fail..
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Pethidine:Highfever,sweating,excitation,delirium,convulsions&severe
respiratorydepression.
Note:
HydrochlorothiazidedruginteractionsnotincludeMAO-Inhibitors
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
138.Trueaboutdoxorubicin:
a)Antineoplasticdrug
b)Alkylatingagent
c)TopoisomeraseIIIinhibitor
d)Anthracyclineantibiotic
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
e)CardiotoxicCorrectAnswer-A:D:E
Ans.(A)Antineoplasticdrug(D)Anthracyclineantibiotic
(E)Cardiotoxic
[RefKDT7th/867;Katzung13th/934-35]
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Doxorubicin:Anthracyclineantibiotichavingantitumoractivity
Itintercalateb/wDNAstrands&blockDNAaswellasRNA
synthesis.
TheyarealsocapableofcausingbreaksinDNAstrandsby
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
activatingtopoisomerase-2&generatingquininetypefreeradicals.Cardiotoxicadverseeffect.
139.Whichofthefollowingis/aretrueabout
Sulfonylureaexcept:
a)Increaseinsulinsecretion
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
b)Causehypoglycemiac)Causeweightloss
d)Disulfiram-likereactionafteralcoholintake
e)Safeinpregnancy
CorrectAnswer-C:E
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Ans.C,Causeweightloss&E,Safeinpregnancy[RefKDT7th/270-73;Katzung12th/754-5]
Sulfonylureas:
Provokeabriskreleaseofinsulinfrompancreas.
Hypoglycemiaisthemostcommonproblem.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
MajorityofdiabeticsstartedonSUstendtogain1-3kg.Flushing&disulfiram-likereactionafteralcoholoccurinsome
individualstakingSUs
Safetyduringpregnancyisnotestablished.
140.Trueaboutdaptomycin:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
a)Causesdiarrheaasside-effectb)Itisaglycopeptideantibiotic
c)Causemyopathy
d)Itcanbeusedorally
e)Excretionthroughkidney
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CorrectAnswer-C:DAns.(C)Causemyopathy(D)Itcanbeusedorally
[RefKatzung13th/783-85;Goodman&Gilman11th/1197-98:
Harrison19th/961]
Daptomycin:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CycliclipopeptidefermentationproductofStreptomycesroseosPorus.
Newly-approvedantibacterialagent,thefirstlipopeptideagenttobe
releasedontothemarket.
ItsspectrumofactivityislimitedtoGram-positiveorganisms,
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
includinganumberofhighlyresistantspecies(MRSA,VISA,VRSA,VRE)
MOA:
Precisemechanismofactionisnotknown,butifappearstobindto
anddepolarizethecellmembrane,causingPotassiumeffluxand
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
rapidcelldeath.Features:
Onlyadministeredintravenously.
Clearedrenally.
Approximately80%oftheadministereddoseisrecoveredinurine.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Cancausemyopathy,andcreatinephosphokinaselevelsshouldbemonitored.
141.Weightgainisnotseenwith:
a)Clozapine
b)Risperidone
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
c)Olanzapined)SSRI
e)Zotepine
CorrectAnswer-D
Ans.(D)SSRI
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
[RefKDT7th/aal,442;Katzung12d/512,509]ClozapineMetaboliccomplications(Major)-Weightgain,
hyperlipidemia&precipitationofdiabetes.
Olanzapinecausesweightgain.
Risperidonecausesweightgain&incidenceofnewonsetdiabetes
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
islessthanwithclompineincreasedappetite&weightgainisnoteilwithmostTCAs&
trazodone,butnotwithSSRIs,SNRIs&bupropion.
Zotepine:Weightgain,hyperglycemia&dyslipidemiaareLikelyas
withclozapine
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Quetiapine:Weightgain&riseinbloodsugarismoderate.Aripiprazole:Littletendencytoweightgain.
142.Whichofthefollowingis/aretrueabout
dobutamine:
a)Selective(32receptoragonist
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
b)Tventricularfillingpressurec)Halflifeisabout2min
d)Dopaminereceptoragonist
e)None
CorrectAnswer-C
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Ans.(C)Halflifeisabout2min[R4KDf7th/134;Katzung12th/141-42,218,225;Goodman&
Gilman11th/251]
Dobutamine:
Derivativeofdopamine,butnotaDlotD2receptoragonist.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Hasactiononalpha&betareceptorsalso.Yet,onlyprominentactionofclinicallyemployeddosesisincreased
forceofcardiaccontraction&outPut,withoutsignificantchangein
heartrate,peripheralresistance&BP.
Consideredtobearelativelyselectivebeta-1agonist.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Half-lifeofabout2minutes&onsetofactionisrapid.UsedasaninotroPicagentinpumpfailureaccompanying
myocardialinfarction,cardiacsurgery&forshorttermmanagement
ofseverecongestiveheartfailure.
143.DrugsactiveagainstMRSA:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
a)Vancomycinb)Ceftriaxone
c)Linezolid
d)Piperacillin-tazobactam
e)Meropenam
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CorrectAnswer-A:CAns.(A)Vancomycin(C)Linezolid
[RefKDT7th/731,757,6th/700,708,732,7i4;G6G11th/1132;
Kntzung13th/779,781;Harrison19th/961-62.18th/2134]
MRSA:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
VancomycinanddaptomycinarenowrecommendedasthedrugofchoiceforthetreatmentofMRSAinfections.
Imipenema,Dalfopristino/Quinpristin,Mupirocin,Teicoplaninaare
alsoeffectiveagainstMRSA
Ceftarolineisa5thgen.cephalosporinwithbactericidalactivity
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
againstMRSA(includingstrainswithreducedsusceptibilitytovancomycinanddaptomycin)-Approvedforuseinnosocomial
pneumoniasandforskinandsofttissueinfections.
Otherdrugsare-Linezolid,daptomycin,Quinupristin/dalfopristin.
144.Whichofthefollowingis/aretrueabout
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
phenytoin-a)InactivationbyLiverenzyme
b)CausesVitB12deficiency
c)Causesthiaminedeficiency
d)Gumhypertrophyiscommonestside-effect
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
e)InhibitorofCYP3A4/5CorrectAnswer-A:D
Ans.(A)InactivationbyLiverenzyme(D)Gumhypertrophyis
commonestside-effect
[Ref:KDT7th/a13-15;Katzung13th/2100-N2;AtoZDrugFacts
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
2003byDaildS.Tatro;Goodman6Gilman11th/335;Hanisonl9ttt/2554'18th/893,888]
Phenytoin:
MetabolizedinliverbyhydroxylationinvolvingCYP2C9&2C19as
wellasbyglucuronideconjugation.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Megaloblasticanaemia:ltdecreasedfolateabsorption&increaseitsexcretion.
ItinterfereswithmetabolicactivationofVitD&withcalcium
absorPtion/metabolism.
Gumhypertrophy:commonest(20%incidence)
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
PotentinducerofCYP2C8/9,CYP3A4/5&someotherCYPs.ItcompetitivelyinhibitsCYP2C9/19
145.Apersonhasgiven0.175gmoral
digoxinwithbioavailabilty70%.The
amountofdrugreachinginsystemic
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
circulationis:a)0.175
b)0.175x0.7
c)0.175/7
d)0.175+0.7
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
e)0.175+1/0.7CorrectAnswer-B
Ans.(B)0.175x0.7
[RdKDT7th/16,515;Katzungt2th/43]
Amountofdrugreachinginsystemiccirculation=drugdosegivenx
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
bioavailability=0.175gmx70/100
=0.175gmx0.7
146.TrueaboutPlacebo:
a)Itworksonlyinpsychiatricperson
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
b)Responseisbothobjective&subjectivec)Effectalsoseeninnormalperson
d)Itisaninertsubstance
e)None
CorrectAnswer-B:C:D
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Ans.B,Responseisbothobjective&subjectiveC,Effectalsoseeninnormalperson&D,Itisaninertsubstance
[RefKDT7th/67;Katzung12th/72]
Placebo:
Aninertsubstancewhichisgiveninthegarbofamedicine.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
Workbypsychodynamicratherthanpharmacodynamicmeans&oftenproducesresponsesequivalenttotheactivedrug
Placebodoinducesphysiologicalresponses,e.g.,theycanrelease
endorphinsinbrain-causinganalgesia.
Substancescommonlyusedasplaceboarelactosetablets/capsules
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
&distilledwaterinjection.Themanifestationofthisphenomenoninthesubjectistheplacebo
response(Latin,'Ishallplease')andmayinvolveobjective
physiologicandbiochemicalchangaaswellaschangesin
subjectivecomplaintsassociatedwiththedisease
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
147.Trueaboutmorphine:
a)ActasantagonistonIAreceptorwithnoagonistaction
b)Activationinliver
c)Halflife4hr
d)Causemiosis
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
e)Clearancetimeisaround20hrCorrectAnswer-B:D:E
Ans.(B)Activationinliver(D)Causemiosis(E)Clearancetime
isaround20hr
[Ref:KDT7th/469-75;Katzung13th/531-44;Goodman&Gilman
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
p62-66]Morphine:
Primarilymetabolizedinliverbyglucuronideconjugation.
Morphine-6-glucuronideisanactivemetabolite(morepotentthan
morphineonpopioidrecePtors),whichcontributetoanalgesia.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
AnothermetabolitemorPhine-3-glucuronidehasneuroexcitatoryproPerty.
Plasmahalflifemorphineaverages2-3hours
Effectofaparenteraldoselasts4-6hours.
EliminationisalmostcomPletein24hours.
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
MorphinestimulateEdingerWestphalnucleusof3rdnerveisstimulatedproducingmiosis.
NomeiosisoccurontopicalaPPlicationofmorPhinetotheeye,
sincethisisacentralaction
148.Treatmentofnocardiainfectionincludes:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
a)Ampicillinb)Floroquinolones
c)Azithromycin
d)Cotrimoxazole
e)Amikacin
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
CorrectAnswer-A:B:D:EAns.A,AmpicillinB,FloroquinolonesD,Cotrimoxazole&
E,Amikacin
[RefKDf7th/706,755;Hanisonlgth/1087]
Nocardiosis:
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
SulfonamidesareofvalueintreatinginfectionsduetoNocardiagrp.Sulfisoxazoleorsulfadiazinemaybegivenindosagaof6-8gdaily
andiscontinuedforseveralmonthsafteraIImanifestationshave
resolved.
administrationofasulfonamidewith2ndgen.antibiotic(ampicillin,
--- Content provided by FirstRanker.com ---
erythromycin,ardstreptomycin)advised.CoTrimoxazoleisusedinnocardiosis.